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Country Overview
Turkey, officially known as the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It has a rich and diverse history that spans over thousands of years. Covering an area of approximately 780,580 square kilometers, Turkey shares borders with eight countries including Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq and Syria. It is surrounded by three major seas: Mediterranean Sea to the south,w Aegean Sea to the west and Black Sea to the north. With a population of around 84 million people comprising various ethnicities and religions,Turkey is known for its cultural diversity. The official language is Turkish while other minority languages such as Kurdish are also spoken. Ankara serves as Turkey's capital city while Istanbul is its largest city. Istanbul holds great historical significance as it was once capital to Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. Turkey's economy ranks among the world's top 20 based on GDP. Its strategic location has made it a significant hub for international trade between Europe and Asia. Tourism plays an important role in Turkey's economy due to its rich cultural heritage and breathtaking natural landscapes. It offers tourists a blend of ancient ruins like Ephesus and Troy along with stunning beaches along the Mediterranean coast. Turkish cuisine is renowned worldwide featuring dishes such as kebabs,baklava,and Turkish tea which add to its gastronomic appeal. Although geographically divided between two continents,Turkey embraces traditions from both Europea Middle East.The country continues to undergo social economic developments making it an interesting destination curiously explore
National Currency
Turkey's currency is known as the Turkish lira (TRY). The Turkish lira is the official currency of Turkey, and it is issued and regulated by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. It has been in circulation since 1923 when modern Turkey was founded. The current exchange rate for 1 US dollar to TRY is approximately 8.5 lira. However, it's important to note that due to economic factors, the exchange rate can be volatile in Turkey. Over the years, Turkey has experienced some challenges with inflation and volatility in its currency value. This has led to occasional fluctuations and depreciation of the Turkish lira against other major currencies such as US dollars or Euros. The government and central bank have taken measures to stabilize their currency by implementing policies like raising interest rates, implementing stricter monetary policies, and encouraging foreign investment. These efforts aim to maintain stability within their financial system and protect the value of Turkish lira. Tourists visiting Turkey can easily exchange their foreign currencies into Turkish liras at banks, exchange offices, or through ATMs throughout the country. Many businesses also accept payment in other major currencies like US dollars or Euros in popular tourist areas. In summary, Turkey's currency is called the Turkish lira (TRY), it experiences occasional volatility due to economic factors but efforts are made by authorities to stabilize it. Visitors can conveniently exchange their money into local currency at various locations throughout Turkey.
Exchange Rate
The official currency of Turkey is the Turkish Lira (TRY). As for the exchange rates with major world currencies, please note that these values may fluctuate over time. However, as of September 2021, here are approximate exchange rates: 1 US Dollar (USD) = 8.50 Turkish Lira (TRY) 1 Euro (EUR) = 10.00 Turkish Lira (TRY) 1 British Pound (GBP) = 11.70 Turkish Lira (TRY) 1 Japanese Yen (JPY) = 0.08 Turkish Lira (TRY) Please keep in mind that these rates are subject to change and it's advisable to check for current rates when needed.
Important Holidays
Turkey, a diverse country located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, celebrates several important holidays throughout the year. These holidays not only reflect Turkey's rich cultural heritage but also hold profound significance for its people. One of the most important holidays in Turkey is Republic Day, celebrated on October 29th. This day marks the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It is a national holiday when citizens come together to commemorate this historic event with parades, fireworks displays, and cultural performances. Another significant holiday is Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan – the holy month of fasting in Islam. Celebrated by Muslims worldwide, Eid al-Fitr in Turkey involves special prayers at mosques followed by feasts shared with family and friends. The streets are adorned with colorful decorations while children receive gifts and sweets as part of this joyous occasion. Turkish Independence Day is celebrated on March 18th to honor those who fought for their freedom during the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922). It holds great importance as it symbolizes unity and pride among Turkish citizens. Commemorative ceremonies take place across the country, including wreath-laying ceremonies at monuments dedicated to Atatürk and gatherings highlighting patriotism. Kurban Bayramı or Eid al-Adha is another major religious festival celebrated by Muslims in Turkey. Typically occurring two months after Eid al-Fitr, it honors Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son as an act of devotion to God. Families gather for prayers at mosques before sacrificing animals such as sheep or cows following Islamic traditions. The meat from these sacrifices is then shared with relatives and distributed among those less fortunate. Lastly, New Year's Eve festivities play an important role in Turkey's holiday calendar. While it may be considered a secular celebration worldwide, Turks enthusiastically participate in various activities such as street parties, fireworks shows, and special dinners. Istanbul, with its iconic skyline and vibrant atmosphere, is a popular destination for both locals and tourists to ring in the New Year. These holidays showcase Turkey's rich cultural diversity, religious tolerance, and historical significance. They bring people together to celebrate shared values while honoring their unique traditions- beautifully reflecting the country's essence.
Foreign Trade Situation
Turkey is a country located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, making it a strategic trade hub. It has a mixed economy with agricultural, industrial, and service sectors contributing significantly to its GDP. In terms of exports, Turkey has a diverse range of products including textiles, automotive parts, machinery, electrical equipment, and processed foods. Major trading partners for Turkish exports include Germany, Iraq, the United Kingdom, Italy, and France. Textile products are particularly important in Turkey's export basket as it is one of the largest textile producers globally. On the import side, Turkey mainly purchases goods like machinery equipment and parts for its industrial sector. Other significant imports include petroleum products, chemicals, iron and steel products. Its main trading partners for imports are China,the European Union including Germany and Russia. Over the years,Turkey has actively pursued trade liberalization agreements with various countries to boost its international commerce.Turkey is a member of several free trade agreements such as Customs Union with the European Union,to enhance its access to European markets.Additionally,Turkey also strives to expand businesses in Middle Eastern,African,and Asian nations through bilateral agreements. Despite these positive factors,Turkey faces some challenges in its trade sector.The Turkish lira's volatility can affect import/export costs.On top of that,political tensions,such as disputes with neighboring countries or changes in government regulations,may disrupt cross-border activities.Additionally,the COVID-19 pandemic had an adverse impact on global trade,and Turkey was no exception,yet,it gradually resumed economic activities by implementing safety measures. Overall,Turkey's location at the intersection of Europe,Middle East,and Asia,gives it an advantage for global commerce.Its diversified export portfolio,strong manufacturing base,and efforts towards facilitating international business place it favorably in international trade landscape.However,future developments will depend on how effectively Turkey addresses domestic challenges while continuing to engage in global market opportunities.
Market Development Potential
Turkey, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has a great potential for developing its foreign trade market. The country's strategic geographical position makes it a vital link between various regions and markets. Firstly, Turkey is known for its diverse range of products across different sectors. It enjoys a competitive advantage in industries such as textiles, automotive, electronics, and agriculture. With its skilled labor force and technological advancements, Turkish companies have the capability to produce high-quality goods at competitive prices. Secondly, Turkey's advantageous location provides easy access to key markets such as Europe, Russia, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. This enables Turkish exporters to tap into vast consumer bases in these regions and create robust trade networks. Furthermore, Turkey has established preferential trade agreements with several countries or regions like the European Union Customs Union agreement which covers 30 countries. Thirdly,Turkey has been steadily enhancing its infrastructure facilities including ports terminals airports logistic centers railroads highways that contributes to improved connectivity within the country as well as abroad facilitating efficient transportation logistics enhancing international competitiveness and attracting foreign investment Moreover,Turkey offers investment incentives including tax exemptions custom duty advantages interest rate subsidies land allocation support employment support fostering opportunities for international businesses to establish their presence thus promoting economic activities Finally,turkish goverment also steps up efforts on expanding bilateral agreements through promotional activities such as organizing trade fairs exhibiting turkish pPoducts attending international exhibitions benefiting them with more accessibilities generate interest among foreign businessmen foster partnerships In conclusion,Turkey's foreign trade market development potential lies in its strong industrial base diverse product range optimal geographical location improving infrastructure facilities attractive investment incentives favorable backing governmental policies These factors combined make it an appealing destination for companies looking to expand their business reach globally
Hot selling products in the market
When it comes to selecting hot-selling products for export in the Turkish market, there are several key factors to consider. Turkey is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, making it an ideal trading hub. It has a diverse economy with strong manufacturing sectors including automotive, textiles, electronics, and food processing industries. To identify potential hot-selling products for export in Turkey, here are some steps to follow: 1. Research the market: Conduct thorough market research to understand consumer preferences and trends. This can be done through reports from trade organizations, government agencies, or by attending trade fairs and exhibitions. 2. Identify niche opportunities: Look for gaps in the market that can be filled by unique or specialized products. For example, Turkish consumers have shown increased interest in organic food products or sustainable fashion items. 3. Consider cultural factors: Turkey is a culturally diverse country with influences from both Eastern and Western cultures. Understand local customs and traditions when selecting products for export to ensure they align with consumer values. 4. Quality assurance: Turkish consumers value high-quality products at competitive prices. Ensure that your selected items meet international quality standards and offer good value for money. 5. Competitive analysis: Study local competitors' offerings to identify potential product categories where you can differentiate yourself by offering something unique or better than what is currently available. 6. Overseas demand: Take into account global trends and demands while selecting products for export from Turkey as these can significantly impact their success abroad too. 7 . Regulatory compliance: Familiarize yourself with import regulations, customs duties, labeling requirements, safety standards of target markets as these may influence your product selection process accordingly; 8 . Build relationships locally : Establish partnerships with reliable local suppliers who understand the domestic market well; this can help navigate potential barriers while exporting your chosen products successfully. By following these steps and staying updated on customer preferences and global trends，you will be better positioned to select hot-selling merchandise for export in the Turkish market.
Customer characteristics and taboo
Turkey, a transcontinental country straddling Eastern Europe and Western Asia, has unique customer characteristics and cultural taboos. Turkish customers are known for their hospitality and warmth towards visitors. They take pride in treating guests respectfully and generously. When doing business in Turkey, expect to be greeted with enthusiasm and offered tea or coffee as a sign of hospitality. Building relationships is crucial in the Turkish business culture. Personal connections are highly valued, so taking the time to establish trust and rapport with your Turkish clients is essential. Building strong relationships can lead to long-term partnerships. Turkish customers appreciate direct communication but also value subtlety when it comes to negotiating or discussing sensitive topics. Being too aggressive or pushy may create discomfort, so it's important to maintain a balance between assertiveness and respectfulness. The concept of "time" may be perceived differently by Turkish customers compared to other cultures. Punctuality is appreciated but there is often flexibility when it comes to schedules or deadlines due to the importance placed on personal connections. Be prepared for meetings starting late or having changes made at the last minute. In terms of cultural taboos, it is important not to discuss political issues unless you have built a strong relationship based on trust where such topics can be openly discussed without offense. Religion is also considered sensitive; avoid criticizing or disrespecting any religious beliefs. Additionally, showing respect for elders is highly regarded in Turkish society; therefore, offering deference towards older clients during meetings can be seen as a sign of good manners. Finally, remember that alcohol consumption varies among individuals due to religious beliefs emphasized by Islam being the majority religion in Turkey - so always exercise discretion when consuming alcohol during business dinners or events. Understanding these customer characteristics and cultural taboos will enable you to navigate successfully through business interactions with your Turkish counterparts while respecting their customs and traditions.
Customs management system
Turkey has a well-established customs management system that ensures the smooth flow of goods and people across its borders. The Turkish customs authorities are responsible for monitoring and regulating the import, export, and transit of goods within the country. When entering Turkey, travelers should be aware of certain rules and regulations enforced by Turkish customs. These include: 1. Customs declaration: Travelers entering or leaving Turkey must complete a customs declaration form (available at airports, ports, and land border crossings) if carrying currency exceeding 10,000 Euros or its equivalent in other currencies. 2. Restricted items: Certain items are subject to restrictions or prohibitions when entering or leaving Turkey. These include weapons, drugs, counterfeit goods, cultural artifacts without proper documentation, and any item deemed harmful to public health. 3. Duty-free allowances: There are limits on the amount of duty-free goods that can be brought into Turkey. These allowances vary depending on the type of product (alcohol, tobacco products) and mode of transportation (air or land). It is important to adhere to these limits to avoid penalties. 4. Personal use exemption: Visitors can bring personal belongings such as clothes and electronic devices for their own use without having to pay duties or taxes as long as they are not intended for sale. 5. Prohibited imports/exports: Some items are strictly prohibited from being imported/exported from Turkey due to safety concerns or international agreements. Examples include narcotics, certain chemicals, endangered species' products protected under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), etc. 6.Civil aviation passengers' rights & information responsibilities :Accordingly,the conditions established by regulations will be applicable ın cases where losses damage experienced whıle goıng through passport expressways given expressly shall documented pertinently It is recommended that travelers familiarize themselves with these customs regulations before visiting Turkey in order to avoid any unwanted consequences during their journey.
Import tax policies
Turkey's import tariff policy is an important aspect of its trade framework. The country has implemented a progressive tariff system based on the Harmonized System (HS) codes, which categorizes products into different groups according to their nature and purpose of use. The Turkish import tariff rates range from 0% to 130%, depending on the product category. Zero-rated products include essential items like medicine, books, and certain raw materials used in manufacturing processes. These goods enter the country without any additional tax burden. Meanwhile, most products attract various levels of tariffs based on their HS code classification. For example, machinery and high-tech equipment are subject to lower import duties, while consumer goods such as textiles, electronics, and automobiles have higher tariffs imposed upon them. Additionally, Turkey imposes a value-added tax (VAT) on imported goods at a standard rate of 18%. This tax is calculated based on the cost price including insurance and freight charges incurred until the goods reach Turkish customs. However, some specific categories may be subject to different VAT rates or exemptions depending on their nature or government policies. It is worth noting that Turkey also has bilateral trade agreements with several countries which provide preferential treatment in terms of reduced tariffs or even duty-free access for certain eligible products under these agreements. These preferential rates aim to promote economic cooperation and strengthen partnerships between Turkey and its trading partners. Overall, Turkey's import tariff policy aims to strike a balance between protecting domestic industries and promoting international trade by ensuring fair competition in the global market.
Export tax policies
Turkey, as a developing country, has implemented various tax policies to promote its export industry. The country's export goods are subject to taxation under certain conditions and regulations. Turkey follows a value-added tax (VAT) system for most of its exports. The standard VAT rate for goods produced in Turkey is 18%. However, some export items may qualify for reduced rates or exemptions depending on their nature and destination. In order to encourage export-oriented businesses, Turkey offers several tax incentives and exemptions. Companies engaged in exporting goods are generally exempt from paying corporate income tax on their export revenues. This measure aims to boost the competitiveness of Turkish products in international markets. Moreover, Turkey has established free trade zones (FTZs) across the country that provide additional benefits for exporters. These FTZs offer exemption from customs duty and VAT on imported raw materials used in production exclusively for exports within these zones. This reduces production costs, making exports more competitive globally. Customs duties are another aspect of Turkey's export taxation policy. Customs duties vary based on the type of product being exported and the destination country/region. The customs tariff is implemented based on international agreements signed by Turkey or unilaterally by the Turkish government. Additionally, it is important to mention that tariffs can change periodically due to trade negotiations or changes in global economic conditions. Therefore, it is crucial for exporters to be aware of updated tariff rates when conducting business with different countries. In summary, Turkey implements a value-added tax system with certain exemptions and reduced rates for its exports. The government provides additional incentives such as exemption from corporate income taxes for exporting companies and benefits offered within free trade zones. Understanding specific customs duties according to product type and destination is essential while exporting from Turkey due to potential fluctuations caused by changing international agreements or economic circumstances.
Certifications required for export
Turkey is a country located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, known for its rich history and cultural heritage. The country has a diverse economy, which heavily relies on export activities to stimulate economic growth. Turkey has implemented various export certification processes to ensure the quality and compliance of its exported goods. One significant export certification in Turkey is the Turkish Standards Institution (TSE) Certificate. This certificate guarantees that the product meets specific standards set by TSE, including quality, safety, and environmental requirements. TSE conducts inspections and tests on products before granting this certificate, giving assurance to international buyers that Turkish exported goods are of high quality. Turkish exporters can also obtain ISO 9001 certification, showing their commitment to maintaining an effective quality management system. This certification focuses on improving customer satisfaction by meeting their requirements consistently. It not only enhances the credibility of Turkish exporters but also opens doors for business opportunities worldwide. Additionally, Halal Certification has gained importance in recent years due to increased demand for halal products globally. Halal Certification ensures that food products comply with Islamic dietary laws and regulations. For Muslim-majority countries or regions with large Muslim populations as potential markets for Turkish exports, this certification provides a competitive edge in attracting consumers. Furthermore, Compliance Certificates are vital for several industries involved in exports such as textiles and clothing sectors due to constant changes in legal requirements related to labeling regulations or banned substances usage limitations. Overall, Turkey places great emphasis on export certifications as they play a crucial role not only in facilitating trade but also ensuring consumer satisfaction and trust in its exported goods' quality standards.
Recommended logistics
Turkey is a country located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, making it an ideal location for logistics and transportation services. With its strategic geographical position, Turkey serves as a gateway between continents and offers various logistical advantages. Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, is a major transportation hub connecting Europe with Asia. It has two international airports – Istanbul Airport and Sabiha Gökçen International Airport – which handle millions of cargo shipments annually. These airports have extensive cargo facilities and offer efficient air freight services to destinations worldwide. In addition to air transportation, Turkey also has an excellent road network that connects it with neighboring countries. The E80 highway, also known as the Trans-European Motorway or International System of Automobile Routes (E-road), runs through Turkey and provides easy access to Western European countries like Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Romania. Turkey's maritime infrastructure is another key component of its logistics industry. It has several major ports along its coastline that handle substantial volumes of container traffic. The Port of Izmir on the Aegean Sea is one such port known for its exceptional container handling capabilities. Other notable ports include Istanbul's Ambarli Port and Mersin Port on the Mediterranean Sea. For companies seeking warehousing facilities in Turkey, there are numerous industrial zones strategically located across the country offering well-equipped logistics centers with modern storage facilities. These warehouses cater to various industries like automotive, electronics, textiles, food processing, etc., providing ample storage space for goods awaiting distribution or export. The Turkish government has been actively investing in improving its logistics infrastructure over recent years. Projects such as new highways construction between cities enhance connectivity while significant upgrades at airports aim to increase capacity for both passengers and cargo transport. Furthermore,Turkey offers favorable economic conditions such as competitive labor costs compared to other European countries,making it an attractive destination for manufacturing or distribution operations.Turkey’s customs regulations are relatively liberalized,and they have introduced measures to simplify export-import procedures,reducing bureaucratic red tape and facilitating trade processes. With its strategic geographical location, modern infrastructure, and favorable business environment, Turkey provides an array of logistics options for businesses operating in this region. Whether it is air freight, road transportation, maritime shipping or warehousing facilities, Turkey has the necessary facilities and services to meet various logistical needs efficiently.
Channels for buyer development

Important trade shows

Turkey is a country strategically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. It has become an important hub for international trade and attracts numerous global buyers and investors. This article will outline some of the significant international buyer development channels and exhibitions in Turkey. 1. Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO): The ITO is one of the largest chambers of commerce in Turkey, serving as a valuable resource for international buyers. It organizes various networking events, business matchmaking sessions, and trade missions that connect local suppliers with global buyers. 2. Istanbul Exporters' Association (IEA): As an organization representing exporters from various sectors, IEA plays a crucial role in connecting Turkish manufacturers with international buyers. It organizes exhibitions, buyer-seller meetings, and trade delegations to build business connections. 3. International B2B Platforms: Several online platforms facilitate B2B interactions between Turkish suppliers and global buyers. These platforms include Alibaba.com's Turkey channel, TradeKey.com's Turkish marketplace, or Made-in-China's dedicated section for Turkish suppliers. 4. Tuyap Exhibition Group: Tuyap is one of Turkey's leading exhibition organizers who annually host several internationally acclaimed trade shows attracting thousands of local manufacturers as well as foreign buyers. Some noteworthy ones include: - Zuchex: An exhibition focused on household goods, furniture, home textile products that attracts both national and international participants. - Hostech by Tusid: This exhibition caters to professionals from the hospitality industry showcasing various equipment and technologies related to hotels. - Istanbul Jewelry Show: One of the world’s leading jewelry exhibitions where global retailers source high-quality gems, accessories along with discovering unique designs. - ISAF Security Exhibition: A dedicated event for security systems industry professionals where innovative security products are showcased by both local Turkish companies as well as international players. 5. Izmir International Fair (IEF): Known as "the biggest specialized fair organization" in Turkey since 1923, IEF captures wide industry participation from automotive to machinery, consumer electronics to food and beverage. It provides a platform for international buyers to explore Turkish manufacturers and forge business collaborations. 6. Antalya EXPO: Held once every five years since 1998 in Antalya, this is one of the largest trade fairs attracting participants from diverse sectors such as construction, agriculture, textiles, health care, and more. It offers excellent opportunities for international buyers seeking Turkish suppliers across multiple industries. It is important to note that these are just a few examples among several trade promotion activities taking place in Turkey throughout the year. The country's strategic location and active involvement in global trade make it an ideal destination for international buyers seeking reliable suppliers and investment opportunities.
In Turkey, the most commonly used search engines are: 1. Google (www.google.com.tr): Just like in many other countries, Google is the most popular search engine in Turkey as well. It offers comprehensive search results and a range of services such as maps, translation, news, and more. 2. Yandex (www.yandex.com.tr): Yandex is a Russian search engine that also has a significant presence in Turkey. It provides web search as well as additional services like email, maps, weather updates, and more. 3. E-Devlet (www.turkiye.gov.tr): E-Devlet is the official Turkish government portal that offers various online services to citizens. This platform includes a search engine to provide access to government resources and information regarding public institutions. 4. Bing (www.bing.com): Microsoft's Bing has decent usage among Turkish internet users but not as popular as Google or Yandex. It provides general web search functionality along with features like image and video search. 5. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com.tr): Despite its global popularity during earlier times, Yahoo isn't extensively used by Turkish netizens today for web searches; however, it still holds some significance in terms of email and news services. These five are among the leading or frequently utilized search engines in Turkey; however, it's worth mentioning that there might be other localized platforms or specialized engines catering specifically to certain industries within the country.

Major yellow pages

Turkey's main Yellow Pages directories are: 1. Yellow Pages Turkey: This is the official online Yellow Pages directory in Turkey, providing comprehensive business listings based on different categories. The website address is https://www.yellowpages.com.tr/. 2. Phone Book of Turkey: A popular directory that offers contact details for individuals and businesses across Turkey. You can access it at https://www.phonebookofturkey.com/. 3. Saha İstanbul: This Yellow Pages directory focuses on businesses in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey. It includes various categories such as automotive, restaurants, accommodation, and more. The website is http://www.sahaisimleri.org/. 4. Ticaret Rehberi: Another comprehensive directory where you can find information about businesses operating across different regions in Turkey. It covers multiple sectors and provides contact details for each listed business. Access it through http://ticaretrehberi.net/. 5. Gelirler Rehberi (Income Guide): Specifically designed to list income-generating businesses in Turkey, this directory helps users find potential investment opportunities or partnerships by categorizing various industries and their respective contacts. Please note that these directories are subject to change over time due to updates and new additions to the market; therefore, it is always advisable to double-check their current status before relying solely on them for business or contact information.

Major commerce platforms

Turkey, a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, has seen a significant growth in e-commerce platforms in recent years. Some of the major e-commerce platforms in Turkey include: 1. Trendyol - It is one of the largest and most popular online shopping platforms in Turkey. Trendyol offers a wide range of products across various categories such as fashion, electronics, beauty, home decor, and more. Website: www.trendyol.com 2. Hepsiburada - Considered as one of the pioneers of online shopping in Turkey, Hepsiburada offers a vast selection of products including appliances, electronics, fashion items, furniture, household goods and much more. Website: www.hepsiburada.com 3. Gittigidiyor - Known as the first online marketplace established in Turkey back in 2001 before being acquired by eBay Inc., Gittigidiyor is still one of the prominent e-commerce platforms that feature various sellers offering different products. Website: www.gittigidiyor.com 4. n11 - Another well-established platform for online shopping with a wide variety of product categories including fashion accessories for men and women clothing items electronics gadgets toys home appliances cosmetics personal care products etc. Website: www.n11.com 5. Morhipo - A fashion-focused e-commerce platform owned by Boyner Group – one of the leading Turkish retail companies specializing in clothing brands for men and women amongst others products like footwear accessories jewelry etc. Website: www.morhipo.com 6. Vatan Bilgisayar - This platform specializes primarily on technology-based products ranging from computers to smartphones alongside electronic gadgets games software programs etc., meeting customers' technology needs since 1983. Please note that these are just some examples and there are other smaller yet noteworthy e-commerce platforms available within Turkey's digital market space as well.

Major social media platforms

Turkey has a wide range of social media platforms that are popular among its population. Some of the most commonly used social media platforms in Turkey include: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook is one of the leading social networking sites globally, and it is highly popular in Turkey as well. It allows users to connect with friends, share updates, photos, and videos. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter is a microblogging platform where users can post short messages called "tweets." It is widely used in Turkey for sharing news, opinions, and engaging in discussions. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram is a photo and video-sharing platform where users can upload pictures or short videos along with captions and hashtags. It is widely popular among Turkish youth. 4. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn is a professional networking site that people use to showcase their work experience, connect with colleagues or potential employers, and explore job opportunities. 5. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube is a video-sharing platform where users can upload, watch, like or comment on videos posted by others. Many Turkish content creators have gained popularity through this platform. 6. TikTok (www.tiktok.com): TikTok has experienced significant growth in popularity in Turkey recently; it allows users to create and share short videos set to music or audio clips. 7. Snapchat: Although there isn't an official website for Snapchat since it's primarily used as a mobile application; it's quite popular among Turkish young adults who use it for sending disappearing photos/videos or posting stories that last for 24 hours. These are just some of the many social media platforms available in Turkey; however, they are widely utilized by millions of people across various age groups for communication, content creation/sharing purposes as well as staying updated on current events and trends within the country and worldwide.

Major industry associations

Turkey, a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula, is known for its diverse economy and vibrant business community. Here are some of Turkey's major industry associations along with their website addresses: 1. Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) - TIM represents Turkish exporters and promotes export activities across various sectors. Website: http://www.tim.org.tr/en/ 2. Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association (TUSIAD) - TUSIAD is a leading organization representing industrialists and businessmen in Turkey. Website: https://www.tusiad.org/en 3. Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) - TOBB serves as a unified voice for chambers of commerce, commodity exchanges, and professional organizations in Turkey. Website: https://www.tobb.org.tr/Sayfalar/AnaSayfa.aspx?lang=en 4. The Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO) - ITO supports the interests of merchants, industrialists, service providers, brokers, factories, retail businesses in Istanbul. Website: https://www.ito.org.tr/portal/ 5. The Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Craftsmen (TESK) - TESK represents small-scale tradesmen and craftsmen across various sectors throughout Turkey. Website: http://www.tesk.org.tr/en/ 6. Association of Automotive Parts & Components Manufacturers(TAYSAD)- TAYSAD represents automotive parts manufacturers in Turkey. Website: http://en.taysad.org/ 7. Building Contractors Confederation Of Turkiye(MUSAİD)- MUSAİD represents construction contractors in Turkey. Website:http://musaid.gtb.gov.tr/tr 8.Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation(TETAŞ)-TETAŞ monitors electricity transmission activities across the country website：https:tetas.teias.gov.tr/en/Pages/default.aspx 9. Association of Turkish Travel Agencies(TÜRSAB) - TÜRSAB represents travel agencies and tourism organizations in Turkey. Website: https://www.tursab.org.tr/en 10. Federation of Food and Drink Industries (TGDF) - TGDF acts as the voice of food and beverage industry companies in Turkey. Website: http://en.ttgv.org.tr/ These are just some examples of the prominent industry associations in Turkey. The country has a diverse range of sectors, each with its own corresponding association, showcasing the country's dynamic business landscape.

Business and trade websites

Turkey, a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia and Southeastern Europe, has various economic and trade websites that cater to different industries. Below are some of the prominent Turkish economic and trade websites: 1. Invest in Turkey: This official website provides essential information about investment opportunities in Turkey, including key sectors, incentives, regulations, and success stories. Website: https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/ 2. Istanbul Chamber of Commerce: The Istanbul Chamber of Commerce's website offers comprehensive commercial information about Istanbul's markets, business directory services, events calendar, and international business opportunities. Website: https://www.ito.org.tr/en/ 3. Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM): TIM is an organization that represents over 100 thousand exporters in Turkey. Its website provides statistics on exports from Turkey along with market reports for various countries. Website: https://tim.org.tr/en 4. Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEIK): DEIK aims to contribute to the development of Turkey’s foreign economic relations by promoting mutual cooperation between domestic and foreign companies through its various committees. Website: https://deik.org.tr/ 5. Ministry of Trade – Republic of Turkey: This official government website shares news updates on trade policies, regulations related to imports/exports in Turkey, market analysis reports, and more. Website: http://www.trade.gov.tr/index.html 6. KOSGEB (Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization): KOSGEB supports small-scale businesses by offering funding programs for innovation projects along with training programs for entrepreneurs. Website: http://en.kosgeb.gov.tr/homepage 7. Turkish Industry & Business Association (TUSIAD): TUSIAD is an influential non-profit organization representing the Turkish private sector nationally and internationally; their website covers advocacy papers on economic issues as well as industry reports. Website:https://tusiad.us/news-archive/ 8.Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK): TUIK provides statistical data on various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services. Their website offers access to the latest statistical reports and indicators. Website: https://turkstat.gov.tr/ Please note that these websites are subject to change or update. It's advisable to check for any changes in the website addresses or platforms before accessing them.

Trade data query websites

Turkey is one of the key countries in terms of international trade and has a number of reliable online platforms to access trade data. Here are some websites that provide comprehensive information on Turkey's trade statistics: 1. Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) - This official institution provides a wide range of statistical data, including foreign trade statistics. The website offers detailed information on imports, exports, and balance of payments. You can access their database at www.turkstat.gov.tr. 2. Turkish Exporters' Assembly (TIM) - TIM represents the exporter community in Turkey and promotes Turkish exports worldwide. Their website contains trade statistics, including country-specific details and sectoral breakdowns. Visit www.tim.org.tr for more information. 3. Ministry of Trade - The Ministry's official website facilitates easy access to various trade-related resources such as export-import figures, country profiles, market reports, and industry analysis at www.trade.gov.tr. 4. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) - As the country's central bank, CBRT provides economic indicators and financial market statistics which can be helpful in analyzing Turkey's international trade performance. Check their website www.tcmb.gov.tr for relevant reports. 5. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Developed by the World Bank Group, WITS gathers data from different sources to offer comprehensive international trade statistics for multiple countries including Turkey. They provide detailed import/export analysis with customizable filters at https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/TUR. 6.Turkish Custom's Administration(TCA): TCA manages all customs operations in Turkey.You can find specific import/export figures based on product codes,gateways etc. You can visit tcigmobilsorgu.gtb.gov.tr/eng/temsilciArama.jsf for TCA website Remember to use these websites cautiously while interpreting the data as they may have different methodologies or classifications that could affect your analysis.

B2b platforms

Turkey is a vibrant country with a growing economy and numerous B2B platforms catering to various industries. Some of the popular B2B platforms in Turkey include: 1. Alibaba.com (https://turkish.alibaba.com/): Alibaba is one of the largest B2B platforms globally, connecting buyers and suppliers. It offers a wide range of products and services. 2. Tradekey.com (https://www.tradekey.com.tr/): TradeKey provides access to global trade opportunities and helps businesses connect with suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors in Turkey. 3. Europages (https://www.europages.co.uk/business-directory-Turkey.html): Europages is an online directory that connects businesses across Europe. It helps companies find partners, suppliers, and clients in Turkey. 4. Ekspermarket.com (http://www.ekspermarket.com/): Eksper Market focuses on industrial goods like machinery, automotive parts, hardware tools, etc., helping businesses connect with suitable suppliers in Turkey. 5. TurkExim (http://turkexim.gov.tr/index.cfm?action=bilgi&cid=137&menu_id=80&pageID=40&submenu_header_ID=43799&t=Birlikte_iscilik_-_manufacturing_and_parts_investment_promotion_of_Turkish_industrial_goods_manufacturers/&lng=en-gb): TurkExim serves as an information hub for Turkish exporters/importers to expand their international trade relations by providing useful resources such as market analysis reports and promotional activities. 6. OpenToExport.com (https://opentoexport.com/markets/turkey/buying/): OpenToExport offers valuable information for UK-based businesses looking to export products or services to Turkey by providing guidance on market entry strategies. 7. TurkishExporter.net (https://www.turkishexporter.net/en/): Turkish Exporter allows users worldwide access to potential business partnerships with Turkish exporters, covering various sectors such as agriculture, textiles, machinery, and electronics. 8. Ceptes.com (https://www.ceptes.com.tr/): Ceptes specializes in B2B e-commerce for the construction industry in Turkey and provides access to a wide range of building materials and equipment. These platforms offer opportunities for businesses to connect with potential partners, suppliers, manufacturers, and buyers based in Turkey. Each platform has its own unique features and benefits for users seeking B2B collaborations.
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