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ʻIke ʻāina
Kālā Lahui
Kumukuai
Nā lā hoʻomaha nui
Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai ʻē
Hiki i ka Makeke Hoʻomohala
Wela kuai huahana ma ka makeke
ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā kapu
Pūnaehana hoʻokele dute
Nā kulekele ʻauhau lawe mai
Nā kulekele ʻauhau hoʻokuʻu aku
Pono nā palapala hōʻoia no ka lawe ʻana aku
Paipai ʻia ka logistic
Nā ala no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea kūʻai aku

ʻO Turkey, i kapa inoa ʻia ʻo ka Repubalika o Tureke, he ʻāina transcontinental aia ma ka ʻĀpana Anatolian ma Asia Komohana, me kahi hapa liʻiliʻi ma ka Balkan Peninsula ma ʻEulopa Hema. Loaʻa iā ia kahi moʻolelo waiwai a ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i nā kaukani makahiki. E uhi ana ma kahi o 780,580 mau kilomika square, kaʻana like ʻo Turkey i nā palena me ʻewalu mau ʻāina me Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq a me Suria. Ua hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kai nui ʻekolu: ʻo ke Kai Mediterranean ma ka hema, w ke Kai Aegean i ke komohana a me ke Kai ʻEleʻele ma ka ʻākau. Me ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o 84 miliona mau kānaka e pili ana i nā lāhui like ʻole a me nā hoʻomana, ʻike ʻia ʻo Turkey no kāna ʻano moʻomeheu. ʻO Turkish ka ʻōlelo kūhelu a ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi e like me Kurdish. ʻO Ankara ke kūlanakauhale nui o Turkey a ʻo Istanbul kona kūlanakauhale nui loa. He mea koʻikoʻi ka mōʻaukala ʻo Istanbul no ka mea ʻo ia ke kapikala o Byzantine a me Ottoman Empires. Aia ka hoʻokele waiwai o Turkey ma waena o ka 20 kiʻekiʻe o ka honua ma muli o GDP. ʻO kona kūlana koʻikoʻi ua lilo ia i hub koʻikoʻi no ke kālepa honua ma waena o ʻEulopa a me Asia. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mākaʻikaʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Turkey ma muli o kona waiwai moʻomeheu a me nā ʻāina kūlohelohe. Hāʻawi ia i ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻino kahiko e like me Epeso a me Troy me nā kahakai nani ma ke kahakai Mediterranean. Kaulana ka meaʻai Turkish ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana i nā kīʻaha e like me kebabs, baklava, a me ke kī Turkish e hoʻohui i kāna hoʻopiʻi gastronomic. ʻOiai ka māhele ʻāina ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻāina, ua ʻae ʻo Turkey i nā kuʻuna mai ʻEulopa Middle East.

Ua ʻike ʻia ke kālā o Turkey ʻo ka Turkish lira (TRY). ʻO ka Turkish lira ke kālā kūhelu o Turkey, a ua hoʻopuka ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia mai ka makahiki 1923 i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻo Turkey hou. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o kēia manawa no 1 US dollar i TRY ma kahi o 8.5 lira. Eia naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ma muli o nā kumu waiwai, hiki ke loli ke kumukūʻai ma Turkey. I nā makahiki, ua ʻike ʻo Turkey i kekahi mau pilikia me ka hoʻonui a me ka volatility i kāna waiwai kālā. Ua alakaʻi kēia i nā loli a me ka emi ʻana o ka Turkish lira e kūʻē i nā kālā nui ʻē aʻe e like me US dollars a i ʻole Euro. Ua hana ke aupuni a me ka panakō waena i nā hana e hoʻopaʻa ai i kā lākou kālā ma o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kulekele e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka uku paneʻe, ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kulekele kālā koʻikoʻi, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā. Ke manaʻo nei kēia mau hana e mālama i ke kūpaʻa i loko o kā lākou ʻōnaehana kālā a pale i ka waiwai o Turkish lira. Hiki i ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e kipa ana iā Turkey ke hoʻololi maʻalahi i kā lākou mau kālā ʻē aʻe i Turkish liras ma nā panakō, nā keʻena hoʻololi, a i ʻole ma o nā ATM a puni ka ʻāina. Nui nā ʻoihana e ʻae i ka uku ma nā kālā nui ʻē aʻe e like me nā kālā US a i ʻole Euro ma nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi kaulana. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, kapa ʻia ke kālā o Turkey ʻo ka Turkish lira (TRY), ʻike ia i ka volatility i kekahi manawa ma muli o nā kumu waiwai akā hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā luna e hoʻopaʻa. Hiki i nā malihini ke hoʻololi i kā lākou kālā i ke kālā kūloko ma nā wahi like ʻole ma Turkey.

ʻO ke kālā kūhelu o Turkey ʻo ka Turkish Lira (TRY). No nā kumukūʻai kūʻai me nā kālā nui o ka honua, e ʻoluʻolu e loli paha kēia mau waiwai i ka manawa. Eia nō naʻe, mai ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa 2021, eia nā kumukūʻai hoʻololi: 1 Kālā ʻAmelika (USD) = 8.50 Lira Tureke (TRY) 1 Euro (EUR) = 10.00 Lira Tureke (TRY) 1 Paona Pelekania (GBP) = 11.70 Lira Tureke (TRY) 1 Yen Kepani (JPY) = 0.08 Lira Tureke (TRY) E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau uku a pono e nānā i nā uku o kēia manawa inā pono.

ʻO Turkey, kahi ʻāina like ʻole e kū ana ma ke alahaka o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, hoʻolauleʻa i nā lā hoʻomaha nui i ka makahiki. ʻAʻole hōʻike wale kēia mau lā hoʻomaha i ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi o Turkey akā he mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi i kona poʻe. ʻO kekahi o nā lā hoʻomaha koʻikoʻi ma Turkey ʻo ia ka lā Repubalika, i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 29. ʻO kēia lā ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka Repubalika o Tureke ma 1923 ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He lā hoʻomaha aupuni ia i ka wā e ʻākoakoa ai nā makaʻāinana e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia hanana mōʻaukala me nā parade, nā ahi ahi, a me nā hana moʻomeheu. ʻO kekahi lā hoʻomaha koʻikoʻi ʻo Eid al-Fitr, kahi e hōʻailona ai i ka hopena o Ramadan - ka mahina hoʻāno o ka hoʻokē ʻai ma Islam. Hoʻolauleʻa ʻia e ka poʻe Muslim ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo Eid al-Fitr ma Turkey e pili ana i nā pule kūikawā ma nā hale pule i ukali ʻia e nā ʻahaʻaina i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha. Ua hoʻonani ʻia nā alanui me nā mea hoʻonani kala a loaʻa nā keiki i nā makana a me nā mea ʻono ma ke ʻano o kēia hanana hauʻoli. Hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka lā Kūʻokoʻa Turkish ma Malaki 18th e hoʻohanohano i ka poʻe i hakakā no ko lākou kūʻokoʻa i ka wā o ke Kaua Kūʻokoʻa Turkish (1919-1922). He mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka mea he hōʻailona ia i ka lōkahi a me ka haʻaheo i waena o nā kamaʻāina Turkish. Hana ʻia nā hana hoʻomanaʻo a puni ka ʻāina, e komo pū me nā ʻaha lei ma nā monuments i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no Atatürk a me nā hōʻuluʻulu e hōʻike ana i ke aloha ʻāina. ʻO Kurban Bayramı a i ʻole Eid al-Adha kekahi ʻahaʻaina hoʻomana nui i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia e nā Mahometa ma Turkey. ʻO ka hana maʻamau ʻelua mahina ma hope o ʻEid al-Fitr, hoʻohanohano ʻo ia i ka makemake o Ibrahim e mōhai aku i kāna keiki ma ke ʻano he hana haipule i ke Akua. Hoʻākoakoa nā ʻohana no ka pule ma nā hale pule ma mua o ka mōhai ʻana i nā holoholona e like me nā hipa a i ʻole nā bipi ma muli o nā kuʻuna Islam. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau mōhai e hāʻawi ʻia me nā ʻohana a hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe ʻilihune. ʻO ka mea hope loa, he mea koʻikoʻi nā ʻahaʻaina o ka makahiki hou ma ka kalena hoʻomaha o Turkey. ʻOiai paha e manaʻo ʻia he hoʻolauleʻa honua ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua komo ʻo Turks i nā hana like ʻole e like me nā pāʻina alanui, nā hōʻike ahi, a me nā ʻaina ahiahi kūikawā. ʻO'Istanbul, me kona lewa lewa a me ka lewa, he wahi kaulana ia no nā kama'āina a me nā mākaʻikaʻi e kani i ka makahiki hou. Hōʻike kēia mau lā hoʻomaha i ka ʻokoʻa moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi o Turkey, ka hoʻomana hoʻomana, a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka mōʻaukala. Hoʻākoakoa lākou i nā kānaka e hoʻolauleʻa i nā loina like ʻole me ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kā lākou mau kuʻuna kūʻokoʻa - e hōʻike nani ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻāina.

He ʻāina ʻo Turkey ma ke alahaka o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, e hoʻolilo iā ia i ʻoihana kālepa hoʻolālā. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻokele waiwai me ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, ʻoihana a me nā lawelawe lawelawe e hāʻawi nui ana i kāna GDP. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana aku, he ʻano huahana like ʻole ʻo Turkey me nā textiles, nā ʻāpana automotive, nā mīkini, nā lako uila, a me nā meaʻai i hoʻoponopono ʻia. ʻO nā hoa kālepa koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Tureke ʻo Germany, Iraq, United Kingdom, Italia, a me Farani. He mea koʻikoʻi nā huahana textile i loko o ka hīnaʻi hoʻokuʻu aku o Turkey no ka mea ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hana lole nui loa ma ka honua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao lawe mai, kūʻai nui ʻo Turkey i nā waiwai e like me nā lako mīkini a me nā ʻāpana no kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana. ʻO nā mea waiwai nui ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā huahana petroleum, nā kemika, ka hao a me nā huahana kila. ʻO kāna mau hoa kālepa nui no ka lawe ʻana mai ʻo Kina, ʻo ka European Union me Kelemania a me Rusia. I loko o nā makahiki, ua ʻimi ikaika ʻo Turkey i nā ʻaelike liberalization kalepa me nā ʻāina like ʻole e hoʻoikaika i kāna kālepa honua. hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e hoʻonui i nā ʻoihana ma Middle East, ʻApelika, a me nā lāhui ʻĀsia ma o nā ʻaelike bilateral. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau mea maikaʻi, ke kū nei ʻo Turkey i kekahi mau pilikia i kāna ʻoihana kalepa. Hiki i ka lira Turkish ke hoʻopili i nā kumukūʻai lawe mai / lawe aku. Eia kekahi, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i ke kālepa honua, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Turkey, akā, ua hoʻomaka hou ʻo ia i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai ma o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana palekana. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka wahi o Turkey ma ke kihi o ʻEulopa, Middle East, a me ʻAsia, hāʻawi iā ia i mea maikaʻi no ke kālepa honua. e hilinaʻi ʻia nā hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Turkey i nā pilikia kūloko i ka wā e hoʻomau ana i ke komo ʻana i nā manawa mākeke honua.

Aia ʻo Turkey, aia ma ke alahaka o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, he mana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna mākeke kālepa haole. ʻO ke kūlana hoʻolālā hoʻolālā o ka ʻāina e lilo ia i loulou koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā wahi like ʻole a me nā mākeke. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike ʻia ʻo Turkey no kāna ʻano huahana like ʻole ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Loaʻa iā ia kahi lanakila hoʻokūkū ma nā ʻoihana e like me ka textiles, automotive, electronics, a me ka mahiʻai. Me kāna mau limahana akamai a me ka holomua ʻenehana, hiki i nā hui Turkish ke hana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe ma nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka wahi maikaʻi o Turkey e hāʻawi maʻalahi i nā mākeke koʻikoʻi e like me ʻEulopa, Russia, Central Asia, Middle East, a me ʻApelika. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish ke hoʻopaʻa i nā waihona mea kūʻai aku ma kēia mau wahi a hana i nā ʻoihana kālepa ikaika. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Turkey i nā ʻaelike kālepa makemake me kekahi mau ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāina e like me ka European Union Customs Union e uhi ana i nā ʻāina 30. ʻO ke kolu, ua hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻo Turkey i kāna mau ʻoihana ʻoihana e pili ana i nā ports terminals nā kikowaena logistic centers logistic centers ala ala ala e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pilina ma loko o ka ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā logistic kaʻa kūpono e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻokūkū o ka honua a me ka huki ʻana i nā hoʻopukapuka haole. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ʻo Turkey i nā mea hoʻoulu kālā e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻauhau maʻamau nā pōmaikaʻi o ka uku paneʻe kālā hāʻawi ʻāina kākoʻo kākoʻo hana e hoʻoulu ai i nā manawa no nā ʻoihana o ka honua e hoʻokumu i ko lākou noho ʻana no laila e hāpai ana i nā hana waiwai. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻoikaika pū ke aupuni Turkish i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kuʻikahi bilateral ma o nā hana hoʻolaha e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hale kūʻai kālepa e hōʻike ana i nā pPoducts turkish e hele ana i nā hōʻikeʻike honua e pōmaikaʻi ana iā lākou me nā mea hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoihoi ma waena o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e hoʻoulu ai i nā hui. I ka hopena, aia ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ka mākeke kālepa haole o Turkey i kāna kahua ʻoihana ikaika i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole ka maikaʻi o nā wahi kikoʻī e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā hale hana hoʻoulu waiwai maikaʻi e kākoʻo ana i nā kulekele aupuni.

I ke koho ʻana i nā huahana kūʻai wela no ka lawe ʻana aku i ka mākeke Turkish, aia kekahi mau kumu nui e noʻonoʻo ai. Aia ʻo Turkey ma ke alahaka o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, e hoʻolilo iā ia i wahi kālepa kālepa kūpono. He ʻano hoʻokele waiwai me nā ʻāpana hana ikaika e pili ana i ka automotive, textiles, electronics, a me nā ʻoihana hana meaʻai. No ka ʻike ʻana i nā huahana kūʻai wela no ka lawe ʻana aku ma Turkey, eia kekahi mau hana e hahai ai: 1. E noiʻi i ka mākeke: E hana i ka noiʻi mākeke no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā makemake a me nā ʻano o nā mea kūʻai aku. Hiki ke hana i kēia ma o nā hōʻike mai nā hui kālepa, nā keʻena aupuni, a i ʻole ma ka hele ʻana i nā hale kūʻai kālepa a me nā hōʻikeʻike. 2. E ʻike i nā manawa niche: E ʻimi i nā hakahaka ma ka mākeke i hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia e nā huahana kūʻokoʻa a kūikawā paha. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike nā mea kūʻai Turkish i ka makemake nui i nā huahana meaʻai organik a i ʻole nā mea hana hoʻomau. 3. E noʻonoʻo i nā kumu moʻomeheu: He ʻāina ʻano moʻomeheu ʻo Turkey me nā mana mai nā moʻomeheu Hikina a me ke Komohana. E hoʻomaopopo i nā loina a me nā kuʻuna kūloko i ke koho ʻana i nā huahana no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku e hōʻoia i ke kūlike me ka waiwai o nā mea kūʻai aku. 4. Hōʻoia maikaʻi: Hoʻohanohano nā mea kūʻai Turkish i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe ma nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū. E hōʻoia i kāu mau mea i koho ʻia e kūpono i nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka honua a hāʻawi i ka waiwai maikaʻi no ke kālā. 5. Nānā hoʻokūkū: E aʻo i nā makana a nā mea hoʻokūkū kūloko e ʻike i nā waeʻano huahana hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe iho ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi mea kūʻokoʻa a maikaʻi paha ma mua o ka mea i loaʻa i kēia manawa. 6. Koi ma nā ʻāina ʻē: E noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano a me nā koi o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ke koho ʻana i nā huahana no ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai Turkey mai no ka mea hiki i kēia mau mea ke hopena nui i ko lākou kūleʻa ma waho pū kekahi. 7 . Hoʻokō hoʻoponopono: E hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho i nā lula hoʻokomo, nā dute, nā koi ʻana i ka lepili, nā kūlana palekana o nā mākeke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i kāu kaʻina koho huahana e like me ia; 8 . E kūkulu i nā pilina ma ka ʻāina : E hoʻokumu i nā pilina me nā mea hoʻolako kūloko hilinaʻi e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka mākeke kūloko; Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā mea pale i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu aku ana i kāu huahana i koho ʻia me ka holomua. Ma ka hahai ʻana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā ʻano o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ʻoe e koho i nā mea kūʻai wela no ka lawe ʻana aku i ka mākeke Turkish.

ʻO Turkey, kahi ʻāina transcontinental e kū nei i ʻEulopa Hikina a me ʻAsia Komohana, loaʻa nā ʻano mea kūʻai kūʻokoʻa a me nā kapu moʻomeheu. Uaʻikeʻia nā mea kūʻai Turkish no ko lākou hoʻokipa a me ka mahanahana i nā malihini. Haʻaheo lākou i ka mālama ʻana i nā malihini me ka mahalo a me ka lokomaikaʻi. I ka hana ʻana i ka ʻoihana ma Turkey, manaʻo e hoʻokipa ʻia me ka hoihoi a hāʻawi ʻia i ke kī a i ʻole ke kofe i hōʻailona o ka hoʻokipa. He mea koʻikoʻi ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilina ma ka moʻomeheu ʻoihana Turkish. Nui ka waiwai o nā pilina pilikino, no laila he mea nui ka lawe ʻana i ka manawa e hoʻokumu i ka hilinaʻi a me ka pilina me kāu mau mea kūʻai aku Turkish. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilina ikaika hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilina lōʻihi. Mahalo nā mea kūʻai Turkish i ka kamaʻilio pololei akā mahalo pū kekahi i ka maʻalahi i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai a kūkākūkā paha i nā kumuhana koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka paʻakikī paha e hoʻoulu i ka pilikia, no laila he mea nui e mālama i ke kaulike ma waena o ka assertiveness a me ka mahalo. Hiki ke ʻike ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo o ka "manawa" e nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. Mahalo nui ʻia ka Punctuality akā hiki ke maʻalahi i ka wā e pili ana i nā papa manawa a i ʻole nā hopena ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi i kau ʻia ma nā pilina pilikino. E mākaukau no nā hālāwai e hoʻomaka lohi ana a i ʻole e hoʻololi ʻia i ka minuke hope. Ma ke ʻano o nā kapu moʻomeheu, he mea nui ʻaʻole e kūkākūkā i nā pilikia politika ke ʻole ʻoe i kūkulu i kahi pilina ikaika e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi kahi e hiki ke kūkākūkā ākea ʻia ia mau kumuhana me ka hewa ʻole. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻomana he paʻakikī; pale i ka hoʻohewa ʻana a i ʻole ka mahalo ʻole i kekahi manaʻo hoʻomana. Eia kekahi, mahalo nui ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mahalo i nā lunakahiko i ka hui Turkish; No laila, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mahalo i nā mea kūʻai aku kahiko i ka wā o nā hālāwai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he hōʻailona o ke ʻano maikaʻi. ʻO ka hope, e hoʻomanaʻo e ʻokoʻa ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona i waena o nā poʻe ma muli o nā manaʻo hoʻomana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e Islam ka hoʻomana nui ma Turkey - no laila e hoʻohana mau i ka noʻonoʻo i ka wā e inu ai i ka waiʻona i ka wā pāʻina ʻoihana a i nā hanana paha. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻano mea kūʻai aku a me nā kapu moʻomeheu e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele holomua ma o ka launa pū ʻana me kāu mau hoa Turkish me ka mahalo i kā lākou mau kuʻuna a me nā kuʻuna.

Aia ʻo Turkey i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kuʻuna i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hōʻoia i ka holo mālie o nā waiwai a me nā kānaka ma waena o kona mau palena. ʻO nā luna kuʻuna Turkish ke kuleana no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai, lawe aku, a me ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai i loko o ka ʻāina. I ke komo ʻana i Turkey, pono e ʻike ka poʻe huakaʻi i kekahi mau lula a me nā lula i hoʻokō ʻia e nā kuʻuna Turkish. Aia kēia mau mea: 1. Hoʻolaha Dute: Pono ka poʻe huakaʻi e komo ana a haʻalele paha iā Tureke e hoʻopiha i kahi palapala hōʻike dute (loaʻa ma nā mokulele, nā awa, a me nā palena palena ʻāina) inā e lawe ana i ke kālā ma mua o 10,000 Euros a i ʻole kona like ma nā kālā ʻē aʻe. 2. Nā mea i kaupalena ʻia: Aia kekahi mau mea i nā kapu a pāpā ʻia i ka wā e komo ai a haʻalele paha iā Turkey. ʻO kēia nā mea kaua, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā waiwai hoʻopunipuni, nā mea moʻomeheu me ka ʻole o nā palapala kūpono, a me nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he mea pōʻino i ke olakino lehulehu. 3. Nā haʻawina duty-free: Aia nā palena i ka nui o nā waiwai dute-free e hiki ke lawe ʻia i Turkey. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau haʻawina ma muli o ke ʻano o ka huahana (waiʻona, huahana paka) a me ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana (ea a ʻāina paha). He mea nui e pili i kēia mau palena e pale aku i ka hoʻopaʻi. 4. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻohana pilikino: Hiki i nā malihini ke lawe mai i nā waiwai pilikino e like me nā lole a me nā mea uila no kā lākou hoʻohana ponoʻī ʻana me ka ʻole o ka uku ʻana i nā dute a i ʻole nā ʻauhau inā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai. 5. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai / hoʻokuʻu aku: Ua pāpā loa ʻia kekahi mau mea mai ka lawe ʻia mai / lawe ʻia mai Turkey ma muli o nā pilikia palekana a i ʻole nā ʻaelike honua. ʻO nā laʻana e like me nā narcotics, kekahi mau mea kemika, nā huahana endangered i mālama ʻia ma lalo o CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), etc. 6. ʻO nā kuleana a me nā kuleana ʻike o ka poʻe mokulele mokulele: No laila, pili nā ʻano i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā lula i nā hihia i loaʻa i nā pohō i ka wā e hele ana ma nā alaloa passport i hāʻawi pololei ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia ka poʻe huakaʻi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou iho i kēia mau lula ma mua o ka kipa ʻana iā Turkey i mea e pale aku ai i nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia i ko lākou huakaʻi.

ʻO ke kulekele uku hoʻokomo o Turkey he mea koʻikoʻi o kāna ʻoihana kalepa. Ua hoʻokō ka ʻāina i kahi ʻōnaehana uku holomua e pili ana i nā code Harmonized System (HS), e hoʻokaʻawale i nā huahana i nā hui like ʻole e like me ko lākou ʻano a me ke kumu o ka hoʻohana. ʻO nā kumukūʻai hoʻokomo Turkish mai ka 0% a i ka 130%, e pili ana i ka māhele huahana. Loaʻa i nā huahana Zero-rated nā mea koʻikoʻi e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā puke, a me kekahi mau mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻina hana. Ke komo nei kēia mau waiwai i ka ʻāina me ka ʻole o ke kaumaha ʻauhau. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka hapa nui o nā huahana i nā pae like ʻole e pili ana i kā lākou helu helu HS code. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā mīkini a me nā mea ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā dute hoʻokomo haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai nā mea kūʻai aku e like me ka textiles, electronics, a me nā kaʻa he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai i kau ʻia ma luna o lākou. Hoʻohui ʻia, kau ʻo Turkey i kahi ʻauhau hoʻohui waiwai (VAT) ma nā waiwai i lawe ʻia mai ma ka helu maʻamau o 18%. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻauhau ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai me ka ʻinikua a me nā uku ukana i loaʻa a hiki i nā waiwai i nā kuʻuna Turkish. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kau ʻia kekahi mau ʻano kikoʻī i nā kumukūʻai VAT ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma muli o ko lākou ʻano a i ʻole nā kulekele aupuni. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo he loaʻa ʻo Turkey i nā kuʻikahi kālepa bilateral me kekahi mau ʻāina e hāʻawi ana i ka mālama makemake e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai hoʻemi a i ʻole ke komo ʻole i ke kuleana no kekahi mau huahana kūpono ma lalo o kēia mau ʻaelike. Ke manaʻo nei kēia mau kumukūʻai makemake e hoʻoikaika i ka hana hoʻokele waiwai a hoʻoikaika i ka pilina ma waena o Turkey a me kāna mau hoa kālepa. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, manaʻo ke kulekele tariff import a Turkey e hoʻopaʻa i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka pale ʻana i nā ʻoihana kūloko a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kālepa honua ma o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū kūpono ma ka mākeke honua.

ʻO Turkey, ma ke ʻano he ʻāina ulu, ua hoʻokō i nā kulekele ʻauhau like ʻole e hāpai i kāna ʻoihana lawe aku. ʻO nā waiwai hoʻokuʻu aku o ka ʻāina i ka ʻauhau ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana a me nā lula. Ke hahai nei ʻo Turkey i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻauhau hoʻohui waiwai (VAT) no ka hapa nui o kāna mau hoʻoiho. ʻO ka helu VAT maʻamau no nā huahana i hana ʻia ma Turkey he 18%. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻokuʻu aku ke kūpono i nā uku hoʻemi a i ʻole nā kuʻe ʻia ma muli o ko lākou ʻano a me ko lākou wahi e hele ai. I mea e paipai ai i nā ʻoihana kūʻai aku, hāʻawi ʻo Turkey i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau a me nā hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻoihana i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā waiwai mai ka uku ʻana i ka ʻauhau loaʻa kālā ma kā lākou loaʻa kālā. Ke manaʻo nei kēia ana e hoʻonui i ka hoʻokūkū o nā huahana Turkish ma nā mākeke honua. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Turkey i nā ʻāpana kalepa kūʻokoʻa (FTZs) ma ka ʻāina e hāʻawi i nā pono hou no nā mea hoʻopuka. Hāʻawi kēia mau FTZ i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka dute a me ka VAT ma nā mea maka i lawe ʻia mai i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana no nā hoʻokuʻu wale ʻana i loko o kēia mau ʻāpana. Hoʻemi kēia i nā kumukūʻai hana, ʻoi aku ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ma ka honua. ʻO nā dute kekahi mea ʻē aʻe o ke kulekele ʻauhau hoʻopukapuka o Turkey. ʻOkoʻa nā dute ma muli o ke ʻano o ka huahana e lawe ʻia aku ana a me ka ʻāina / ʻāina e hele ai. Hoʻokō ʻia ka uku kuʻuna ma muli o nā ʻaelike honua i kau inoa ʻia e Turkey a i ʻole unilaterally e ke aupuni Turkish. Eia hou, he mea nui e haʻi e hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kumukūʻai i kēlā me kēia manawa ma muli o ke kūkākūkā kālepa a i ʻole nā loli i nā kūlana hoʻokele honua. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi no ka poʻe hoʻopukapuka e ʻike i nā kumukūʻai uku hou i ka wā e hana ana i nā ʻoihana me nā ʻāina ʻē. I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hoʻokō ʻo Turkey i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻauhau hoʻohui waiwai me kekahi mau hoʻokuʻu a hoʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai no kāna mau hoʻoiho. Hāʻawi ke aupuni i nā mea hoʻoikaika ʻē aʻe e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai nā ʻauhau loaʻa kālā no nā hui hoʻokuʻu aku a me nā pōmaikaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o nā wahi kālepa manuahi. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hana kuʻuna kikoʻī e like me ke ʻano o ka huahana a me ka huakaʻi i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu aku ai mai Turkey ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kuʻikahi honua a i ʻole nā kūlana waiwai.

He ʻāina ʻo Turkey ma ke alahaka o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, i ʻike ʻia no kāna moʻolelo waiwai a me ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu. He ʻano hoʻokele waiwai like ʻole ka ʻāina, e hilinaʻi nui ana i nā hana hoʻopukapuka e hoʻoulu i ka ulu waiwai. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Turkey i nā kaʻina hana palapala hōʻoia e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokō ʻana o kāna mau waiwai i lawe ʻia aku. ʻO kahi palapala hōʻoia koʻikoʻi ma Turkey ʻo ka Turkish Standards Institution (TSE) Certificate. Ke hōʻoia nei kēia palapala hōʻoia e hoʻokō ka huahana i nā kūlana kikoʻī i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e TSE, me ka maikaʻi, palekana, a me nā koi kaiapuni. Ke hana nei ʻo TSE i nā nānā a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā huahana ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia palapala hōʻoia, e hāʻawi ana i ka hōʻoia i nā mea kūʻai aku o ka honua he kiʻekiʻe nā huahana i lawe ʻia e Turkish. Hiki i nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish ke loaʻa ka palapala hōʻoia ISO 9001, e hōʻike ana i kā lākou kūpaʻa e mālama i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi. Ke nānā nei kēia palapala hōʻoia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka mea kūʻai aku ma o ka hoʻokō mau ʻana i kā lākou mau koi. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish akā wehe pū kekahi i nā puka no nā manawa ʻoihana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa i ka Halal Certification ka mea koʻikoʻi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā huahana halal ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻoia ka Halal Certification e hoʻokō nā huahana meaʻai me nā kānāwai meaʻai Islam a me nā lula. No nā ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāina ka nui o Muslim me ka nui o ka poʻe Muslim ma ke ʻano he mākeke kūpono no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Tureke, hāʻawi kēia palapala hōʻoia i ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū i ka huki ʻana i nā mea kūʻai. Eia kekahi, he mea nui ka Compliance Certificates no kekahi mau ʻoihana e pili ana i ka hoʻoiho ʻana e like me ka textiles a me nā ʻāpana lole ma muli o nā loli mau i nā koi kānāwai e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i nā lula a i ʻole nā palena hoʻohana lāʻau. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hoʻokau nui ʻo Turkey i nā palapala hōʻoia no ka mea he kuleana koʻikoʻi lākou ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kālepa akā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo pū ana i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka mea kūʻai aku a hilinaʻi i nā kūlana maikaʻi o kāna huahana i lawe ʻia.

He ʻāina ʻo Turkey ma ke alahaka o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, e lilo ia i wahi kūpono no ka logistics a me nā lawelawe kaʻa. Me kona kūlana ʻāina hoʻolālā, lawelawe ʻo Turkey ma ke ʻano he ʻīpuka ma waena o nā ʻāina a hāʻawi i nā pono logistical like ʻole. ʻO Istanbul, ke kūlanakauhale nui loa ma Tureke, he wahi kaʻa kaʻa nui e pili ana iā ʻEulopa me Asia. Loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau mokulele honua - ʻo Istanbul Airport a me Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - nāna e mālama i nā miliona o nā ukana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Loaʻa i kēia mau mokulele nā lako ukana nui a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe ukana ea maikaʻi i nā wahi i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ma kahi o ka lawe ʻana i ka ea, loaʻa iā Turkey kahi ʻoihana alanui maikaʻi loa e hoʻopili ai me nā ʻāina e pili ana. ʻO ke alaloa E80, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Trans-European Motorway a i ʻole International System of Automobile Routes (E-road), e holo ma waena o Turkey a hāʻawi maʻalahi i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa Komohana e like me Helene, Bulgaria, Serbia, a me Romania. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana moana o Turkey kekahi mea nui o kāna ʻoihana logistic. He mau awa nui kona ma kona kahakai e lawelawe ana i ka nui o ka lawe pahu pahu. ʻO ke awa ʻo Izmir ma ke Kai Aegean kekahi o ia awa i ʻike ʻia no kāna hiki ke hoʻokele ipu. ʻO nā awa kaulana ʻē aʻe ʻo Istanbul's Ambarli Port a me Mersin Port ma ke Kai Mediterranean. No nā ʻoihana e ʻimi nei i nā hale kūʻai hale kūʻai ma Turkey, he nui nā ʻāpana ʻoihana i hoʻolālā ʻia ma waena o ka ʻāina e hāʻawi ana i nā kikowaena logistic i hoʻolako maikaʻi ʻia me nā hale mālama hou. Hāʻawi kēia mau hale kūʻai i nā ʻoihana like ʻole e like me ka automotive, electronics, textiles, food processing, etc. Ke hoʻoikaika ikaika nei ke aupuni Turkish i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna ʻoihana logistic i nā makahiki i hala. ʻO nā papahana e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alaloa hou ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale e hoʻonui i ka pilina ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i nā mokulele e manaʻo e hoʻonui i ka hiki no nā kaʻa a me ka halihali ukana. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ʻo Turkey i nā kūlana waiwai maikaʻi e like me nā koina hana hoʻokūkū i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, e lilo ia i wahi hoʻokipa maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hana. ʻulaʻula a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kaʻina hana kālepa. Me kona wahi ʻāina hoʻolālā, nā ʻenehana hou, a me ka ʻoihana ʻoihana maikaʻi, hāʻawi ʻo Turkey i kahi ʻano koho logistic no nā ʻoihana e hana ana ma kēia ʻāina. ʻO ka ukana ea paha, ka halihali alanui, ka moku moana a i ʻole nā mea hale kūʻai, aia ʻo Turkey i nā pono kūpono a me nā lawelawe e hoʻokō pono ai i nā pono logistical like ʻole.

Hōʻike kālepa koʻikoʻi

ʻO Turkey kahi ʻāina i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ma ke alahaka o ʻEulopa a me Asia. Ua lilo ia i wahi koʻikoʻi no ke kālepa honua a hoʻokipa i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻopukapuka honua. E wehewehe ana kēia ʻatikala i kekahi o nā kaila hoʻomohala kūʻai kūʻai honua nui a me nā hōʻikeʻike ma Turkey. 1. ʻO Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO): ʻO ka ITO kekahi o nā keʻena kālepa nui loa ma Turkey, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai no nā mea kūʻai aku honua. Hoʻonohonoho ia i nā hanana pūnaewele like ʻole, nā hui hoʻokūkū pāʻoihana, a me nā misionari kālepa e hoʻopili ai i nā mea hoʻolako kūloko me nā mea kūʻai honua. 2. Istanbul Exporters 'Association (IEA): Ma ke ʻano he hui e hōʻike ana i nā mea kūʻai aku mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka IEA i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea hana Turkish me nā mea kūʻai aku o ka honua. Hoʻonohonoho ia i nā hōʻikeʻike, nā hālāwai kūʻai kūʻai aku, a me nā ʻelele kālepa e kūkulu i nā pilina ʻoihana. 3. Nā Paena B2B International: He nui nā pūnaewele pūnaewele e hoʻoikaika i ka pilina B2B ma waena o nā mea hoʻolako Turkish a me nā mea kūʻai honua. Aia kēia mau paepae i ke kahawai ʻo Alibaba.com's Turkey, TradeKey.com's Turkish marketplace, a i ʻole Made-in-China's pauku hoʻolaʻa no nā mea hoʻolako Turkish. 4. Hui Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Tuyap: ʻO Tuyap kekahi o nā mea hoʻonohonoho hōʻikeʻike alakaʻi o Turkey e hoʻokipa i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā hōʻike kālepa i hoʻohanohano ʻia ma ka honua e huki ana i nā tausani o nā mea hana kūloko a me nā mea kūʻai mai nā haole. ʻO kekahi mau mea kaulana loa: - Zuchex: ʻO kahi hōʻikeʻike e pili ana i nā waiwai o ka hale, nā lako, nā huahana textile home e hoʻokipa ai i nā poʻe ʻāina a me ka honua. - Hostech na Tusid: Hāʻawi kēia hōʻikeʻike i nā poʻe loea mai ka ʻoihana hoʻokipa e hōʻike ana i nā lako like ʻole a me nā ʻenehana e pili ana i nā hōkele. - Hōʻike ʻo Istanbul Jewelry Show: ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻikeʻike nani o ka honua kahi e loaʻa ai nā mea kūʻai aku o ka honua i nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe, nā mea pono a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa. - ISAF Security Exhibition: He hanana hoʻolaʻa no nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻōnaehana palekana kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā huahana palekana hou e nā hui Turkish kūloko a me nā mea pāʻani honua. 5. Izmir International Fair (IEF): Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo "ka hui hoʻokūkū kūikawā nui loa" ma Turkey mai ka makahiki 1923, hopu ʻo IEF i ke komo ʻana o ka ʻoihana ākea mai ka kaʻa a hiki i nā mīkini, nā mea kūʻai uila i ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu. Hāʻawi ia i kahi kahua no nā mea kūʻai aku honua e ʻimi i nā mea hana Turkish a hoʻopaʻa i nā hui ʻoihana. 6. Antalya EXPO: Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻelima makahiki mai 1998 ma Antalya, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kālepa kālepa nui loa e hoʻokipa ana i nā poʻe komo mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole e like me ke kūkulu hale, mahiʻai, textiles, mālama olakino, a me nā mea hou aku. Hāʻawi ia i nā manawa kūpono no nā mea kūʻai aku honua e ʻimi ana i nā mea hoʻolako Turkish ma nā ʻoihana he nui. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he mau hiʻohiʻona wale nō kēia ma waena o nā hana hoʻolaha kālepa e hana nei ma Turkey i loko o ka makahiki. ʻO ke kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina a me ke komo ʻana i ke kālepa honua he wahi kūpono ia no nā mea kūʻai aku honua e ʻimi nei i nā mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi a me nā manawa hoʻolimalima.

Nā mīkini huli maʻamau

Ma Turkey, ʻo nā ʻenekini huli i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia: 1. Google (www.google.com.tr): E like me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo Google ka ʻenekini huli kaulana loa ma Tureke. Hāʻawi ia i nā hopena hulina piha a me nā ʻano lawelawe e like me nā palapala ʻāina, unuhi, nūhou, a me nā mea hou aku. 2. ʻO Yandex (www.yandex.com.tr): ʻO Yandex kahi ʻenekini ʻimi Lūkini i loaʻa kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma Turkey. Hāʻawi ia i ka ʻimi pūnaewele a me nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe e like me ka leka uila, nā palapala ʻāina, nā hōʻano hou o ka wā, a me nā mea hou aku. 3. E-Devlet (www.turkiye.gov.tr): ʻO E-Devlet ka puka aupuni aupuni Turkish e hāʻawi ana i nā lawelawe pūnaewele like ʻole i nā kamaʻāina. Aia i loko o kēia kahua kahi ʻenekini huli e hāʻawi i ke komo i nā kumuwaiwai aupuni a me nā ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻoihana aupuni. 4. Bing (www.bing.com): He kūpono ka hoʻohana ʻana o Microsoft Bing ma waena o nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele Turkish akā ʻaʻole kaulana e like me Google a i ʻole Yandex. Hāʻawi ia i ka hana huli pūnaewele maʻamau me nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ke kiʻi a me ka huli wikiō. 5. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com.tr): ʻOiai kona kaulana honua i ka wā ma mua, ʻaʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Yahoo e nā poʻe netizen Turkish i kēia mau lā no ka ʻimi pūnaewele; akā naʻe, paʻa mau ia i kekahi mea nui ma ke ʻano o ka leka uila a me nā lawelawe nūhou. ʻO kēia mau ʻelima i waena o nā ʻenekini huli alakaʻi a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma Turkey; akā naʻe, pono e haʻi ʻia aia kekahi mau kahua kūloko a i ʻole nā ʻenekini kūikawā e mālama pono ana i kekahi mau ʻoihana i loko o ka ʻāina.

Nā ʻaoʻao melemele nui

ʻO nā papa kuhikuhi Yellow Pages nui o Turkey: 1. Yellow Pages Turkey: ʻO kēia ka papa kuhikuhi pūnaewele Yellow Pages ma Tureke, e hāʻawi ana i nā papa inoa ʻoihana piha e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka helu wahi pūnaewele https://www.yellowpages.com.tr/. 2. Phone Book of Turkey: He papa kuhikuhi kaulana e hāʻawi ana i nā kikoʻī pili no nā poʻe a me nā ʻoihana ma waena o Turkey. Hiki iā ʻoe ke komo iā ia ma https://www.phonebookofturkey.com/. 3. Saha İstanbul: Ke nānā nei kēia papa kuhikuhi Yellow Pages i nā ʻoihana ma Istanbul, ke kūlanakauhale nui loa ma Tureke. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka automotive, hale ʻaina, hale noho, a me nā mea hou aku. ʻO ka pūnaewele puni honua http://www.sahaisimleri.org/. 4. Ticaret Rehberi: ʻO kekahi papa kuhikuhi piha kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻoihana e hana ana ma nā wahi like ʻole o Turkey. Hoʻopili ia i nā ʻāpana he nui a hāʻawi i nā kikoʻī pili no kēlā me kēia ʻoihana i helu ʻia. E kiʻi iā ia ma o http://ticaretrehberi.net/. 5. Gelirler Rehberi (Alakaʻi Loaʻa): Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e papa inoa i nā ʻoihana e loaʻa kālā ma Turkey, kōkua kēia papa kuhikuhi i nā mea hoʻohana e ʻimi i nā manawa hoʻopukapuka kūpono a i ʻole nā hui pū ʻana ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me kā lākou mau pilina. E ʻoluʻolu, e hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau papa kuhikuhi i ka manawa ma muli o nā mea hou a me nā hoʻohui hou i ka mākeke; no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e nānā pālua i ko lākou kūlana o kēia manawa ma mua o ka hilinaʻi wale ʻana iā lākou no ka ʻoihana a i ʻole ka ʻike pili.

Nā papahana kālepa nui

Ua ʻike ʻo Turkey, kahi ʻāina transcontinental ma ka Anatolian Peninsula ma Western Asia, i ka ulu nui ʻana o nā kahua e-commerce i nā makahiki i hala. ʻO kekahi o nā pūnaewele e-commerce nui ma Turkey ka: 1. Trendyol - ʻO ia kekahi o nā kahua kūʻai pūnaewele nui a kaulana loa ma Turkey. Hāʻawi ʻo Trendyol i kahi ākea o nā huahana ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka fashion, electronics, beauty, home decor, a me nā mea hou aku. Paena pūnaewele: www.trendyol.com 2. Hepsiburada - Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā paionia o ke kūʻai pūnaewele ma Turkey, hāʻawi ʻo Hepsiburada i kahi koho nui o nā huahana me nā mea hana, nā mea uila, nā mea hana, nā lako, nā mea hale a me nā mea hou aku. Paena pūnaewele: www.hepsiburada.com 3. Gittigidiyor - Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka mākeke pūnaewele mua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Turkey i ka makahiki 2001 ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana e eBay Inc., ʻo Gittigidiyor kekahi o nā kahua e-commerce kaulana e hōʻike ana i nā mea kūʻai aku e hāʻawi ana i nā huahana like ʻole. Paena pūnaewele: www.gittigidiyor.com 4. n11 - ʻO kahi kahua ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia no ke kūʻai ʻana ma ka pūnaewele me nā ʻano huahana like ʻole me nā mea hana lole no nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā mea lole uila uila hāmeʻa mea pāʻani home appliances cosmetics personal care products etc. Paena pūnaewele: www.n11.com 5. Morhipo - He kahua e-kālepa e pili ana i ke ʻano nona ka Boyner Group - kekahi o nā hui kūʻai kūʻai nui o Tureke e ʻike nui ana i nā lole lole no nā kāne a me nā wahine ma waena o nā huahana ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻonaninani kāmaʻa etc. Paena pūnaewele: www.morhipo.com 6. Vatan Bilgisayar - Hoʻolaha nui kēia paepae i nā huahana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻenehana mai ka lolouila a hiki i nā smartphones me nā polokalamu lako polokalamu pāʻani uila uila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hālāwai ana i nā pono ʻenehana o nā mea kūʻai mai 1983. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo he mau hiʻohiʻona wale nō kēia a aia kekahi mau kahua e-commerce liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka mākeke kikohoʻe o Turkey pū kekahi.

ʻO nā pūnaewele media nui

Loaʻa ʻo Turkey i kahi ākea ākea ākea ākea i kaulana i waena o kona heluna kanaka. ʻO kekahi o nā pūnaewele media i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma Turkey: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): ʻO Facebook kekahi o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele puni honua, a kaulana loa ia ma Tureke. Hāʻawi ia i nā mea hoʻohana e launa pū me nā hoaaloha, kaʻana like i nā mea hou, nā kiʻi, a me nā wikiō. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): ʻO Twitter kahi kahua microblogging kahi e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke kau i nā leka pōkole i kapa ʻia ʻo "tweets." Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma Turkey no ka haʻi ʻana i nā nūhou, nā manaʻo, a me ke komo ʻana i nā kūkākūkā. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): ʻO Instagram kahi kahua hoʻoili kiʻi a me nā wikiō e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻouka i nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā wikiō pōkole me nā captions a me nā hashtags. Ua kaulana nui ia i waena o nā ʻōpio Turkish. 4. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): ʻO LinkedIn kahi kahua pūnaewele ʻoihana e hoʻohana ai ka poʻe e hōʻike i kā lākou ʻike hana, hoʻopili me nā hoa hana a i ʻole nā mea hana, a e ʻimi i nā manawa hana. 5. YouTube (www.youtube.com): He kahua kaʻana wikiō ʻo YouTube kahi e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻouka, nānā, like a manaʻo paha i nā wikiō i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Nui nā mea hana ʻike Turkish i loaʻa ka kaulana ma o kēia kahua. 6. TikTok (www.tiktok.com): Ua ʻike ʻo TikTok i ka ulu nui o ka kaulana ma Turkey i kēia manawa; hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hana a kaʻana like i nā wikiō pōkole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke mele a i ʻole nā leo leo. 7. Snapchat: ʻOiai ʻaʻohe pūnaewele kūhelu no Snapchat mai ka mea i hoʻohana mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he polokalamu kelepona; He mea kaulana loa ia ma waena o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio Tureke e hoʻohana ana iā ia no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kiʻi/wikiō nalo a i ʻole ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā moʻolelo i hala no 24 mau hola. ʻO kēia wale nō kekahi o nā pūnaewele media lehulehu i loaʻa ma Turkey; akā naʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e nā miliona o ka poʻe ma waena o nā pūʻulu makahiki like ʻole no ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā manaʻo / kaʻana like ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā hanana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano i loko o ka ʻāina a me ka honua.

ʻO nā hui ʻoihana nui

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Turkey, kahi ʻāina transcontinental e kū nui ana ma ka Peninsula Anatolian, no kāna ʻano hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kaiāulu ʻoihana ikaika. Eia kekahi o nā hui ʻoihana nui o Turkey me kā lākou mau wahi pūnaewele. 1. Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) - Hōʻike ʻo TIM i nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish a hoʻolaha i nā hana hoʻopuka ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Paena pūnaewele: http://www.tim.org.tr/en/ 2. Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association (TUSIAD) - ʻO TUSIAD kahi hui alakaʻi e pani ana i nā mea hana a me nā ʻoihana ma Turkey. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.tusiad.org/en 3. Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) - He leo hui ʻia ʻo TOBB no nā keʻena kalepa, nā hoʻololi waiwai, a me nā hui ʻoihana ma Turkey. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.tobb.org.tr/Sayfalar/AnaSayfa.aspx?lang=en 4. ʻO ka Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO) - Kākoʻo ʻo ITO i nā pono o nā mea kālepa, nā mea hana, nā mea lawelawe, nā mea kūʻai aku, nā hale hana, nā ʻoihana kūʻai ma Istanbul. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.ito.org.tr/portal/ 5. ʻO ka Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Craftsmen (TESK) - Hōʻike ʻo TESK i nā mea kālepa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea hana lima ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma Turkey. Paena pūnaewele: http://www.tesk.org.tr/en/ 6. Hui o na 'āpana kaʻa a me nā mea hana (TAYSAD) - TAYSAD e hōʻike ana i nā mea hana ʻāpana kaʻa ma Turkey. Paena pūnaewele: http://en.taysad.org/ 7. Hui Kū'ē Kūleʻa Kūleʻa o Turkiye(MUSAİD)- ʻO MUSAİD ka poʻe hana hana hale ma Tureke. Paena pūnaewele: http://musaid.gtb.gov.tr/tr 8.Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation(TETAŞ)-TETAŞ nānā i nā hana hoʻoili uila a puni ka ʻāina paena pūnaewele: https:tetas.teias.gov.tr/en/Pages/default.aspx 9. Hui o Turkish Travel Agencies(TÜRSAB) - ʻO TÜRSAB e hōʻike ana i nā hui huakaʻi a me nā hui mākaʻikaʻi ma Turkey. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.tursab.org.tr/en 10. Federation of Food and Drink Industries (TGDF) - Hana ʻo TGDF ma ke ʻano he leo o nā ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā mea inu ma Turkey. Paena pūnaewele: http://en.ttgv.org.tr/ He mau laʻana wale nō kēia o nā hui ʻoihana koʻikoʻi ma Turkey. Loaʻa i ka ʻāina nā ʻāpana like ʻole, kēlā me kēia me kāna hui ponoʻī, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāina ʻoihana ikaika.

Nā pūnaewele pāʻoihana a kālepa

ʻO Turkey, kahi ʻāina transcontinental aia ma ka Anatolian Peninsula ma ʻAsia Komohana a me ʻEulopa Hema, he mau pūnaewele hoʻokele waiwai a me nā kālepa e lawelawe ana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Ma lalo iho nei kekahi o nā pūnaewele hoʻokele waiwai a me nā kālepa Turkish kaulana: 1. Invest in Turkey: Hāʻawi kēia pūnaewele kūhelu i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā manawa hoʻopukapuka ma Turkey, me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, nā mea hoʻoikaika, nā hoʻoponopono, a me nā moʻolelo kūleʻa. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/ 2. ʻO Istanbul Chamber of Commerce: Hāʻawi ka pūnaewele ʻo Istanbul Chamber of Commerce i ka ʻike kūʻai kūʻai piha e pili ana i nā mākeke o Istanbul, nā lawelawe papa kuhikuhi pāʻoihana, ka alemanaka hanana, a me nā manawa ʻoihana honua. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.ito.org.tr/en/ 3. Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM): ʻO TIM kahi hui e hōʻike ana ma luna o 100 tausani mau mea kūʻai aku ma Turkey. Hāʻawi kāna pūnaewele i nā ʻikepili no nā hoʻoiho mai Turkey me nā hōʻike mākeke no nā ʻāina like ʻole. Paena pūnaewele: https://tim.org.tr/en 4. Papa Hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻāina ʻē (DEIK): Manaʻo ʻo DEIK e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilina pili waiwai o nā ʻāina ʻē ma o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka launa like ʻana ma waena o nā hui kūloko a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma o kāna mau komite like ʻole. Paena pūnaewele: https://deik.org.tr/ 5. Ke Kuhina Kalepa - Lepupalika o Tureke: Ke hōʻike nei kēia pūnaewele aupuni aupuni i nā mea hou e pili ana i nā kulekele kālepa, nā hoʻoponopono e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana mai / lawe aku i Turkey, nā hōʻike loiloi mākeke, a me nā mea hou aku. Paena pūnaewele: http://www.trade.gov.tr/index.html 6. KOSGEB (Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization): Kākoʻo ʻo KOSGEB i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā papahana kālā no nā papahana hou me nā papahana aʻo no nā ʻoihana. Paena pūnaewele: http://en.kosgeb.gov.tr/homepage 7. Turkish Industry & Business Association (TUSIAD): He hui koʻikoʻi ʻo TUSIAD e hōʻike ana i ka hui kūʻokoʻa Turkish ma ka ʻāina a me ka honua; uhi kā lākou pūnaewele i nā pepa kākoʻo e pili ana i nā pilikia waiwai a me nā hōʻike ʻoihana. Paena pūnaewele: https://tusiad.us/news-archive/ 8.Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK): Hāʻawi ʻo TUIK i ka ʻikepili helu ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole, me ka mahiʻai, ʻoihana, a me nā lawelawe. Hāʻawi kā lākou pūnaewele i ka ʻike i nā hōʻike helu helu a me nā hōʻailona. Paena pūnaewele: https://turkstat.gov.tr/ E ʻoluʻolu, e hoʻololi a hoʻohou paha kēia mau pūnaewele. Manaʻo ʻia e nānā i nā loli i nā helu wahi pūnaewele a i ʻole nā paepae ma mua o ke komo ʻana iā lākou.

Nā pūnaewele nīnau ʻikepili kālepa

ʻO Turkey kekahi o nā ʻāina koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke kālepa o ka honua a loaʻa iā ia ka nui o nā kahua pūnaewele hilinaʻi e kiʻi i ka ʻikepili kālepa. Eia kekahi mau pūnaewele e hāʻawi i ka ʻike piha e pili ana i nā helu kālepa o Turkey: 1. Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) - Hāʻawi kēia keʻena kūhelu i kahi ākea o ka ʻikepili helu, me nā helu kālepa haole. Hāʻawi ka pūnaewele i ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana mai, ka lawe ʻana aku, a me ke koena o nā uku. Hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i kā lākou waihona ma www.turkstat.gov.tr. 2. Hui Kūkākūkā Turkish (TIM) - Hōʻike ʻo TIM i ke kaiāulu mea kūʻai aku ma Tureke a hoʻolaha i nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i kā lākou pūnaewele nā helu kālepa, me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana. E kipa www.tim.org.tr no ka ʻike hou aku. 3. Ke Kuhina Kalepa - Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele o ke Kuhina i ke komo ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai e pili ana i ke kālepa e like me nā helu hoʻopukapuka-hoʻokomo ʻana, nā moʻolelo ʻāina, nā hōʻike mākeke, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻoihana ma www.trade.gov.tr. 4. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) - Ma ke ʻano he panakō koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina, hāʻawi ʻo CBRT i nā hōʻailona hoʻokele waiwai a me nā helu mākeke kālā e hiki ke kōkua i ka nānā ʻana i ka hana kālepa honua o Turkey. E nānā i kā lākou pūnaewele www.tcmb.gov.tr no nā hōʻike pili. 5. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Hoʻokumu ʻia e ka World Bank Group, hōʻiliʻili ʻo WITS i nā ʻikepili mai nā kumu like ʻole e hāʻawi i nā helu helu kālepa honua holoʻokoʻa no nā ʻāina he nui me Turkey. Hāʻawi lākou i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī import/export me nā kānana maʻamau ma https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/TUR. 6.Turkish Custom's Administration(TCA): Hoʻoponopono ʻo TCA i nā hana kuʻuna a pau ma Turkey. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā helu kikoʻī i lawe ʻia / lawe aku ma muli o nā code huahana, gateways etc. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa i tcigmobilsorgu.gtb.gov.tr/eng/temsilciArama.jsf no ka pūnaewele TCA E hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau pūnaewele me ka makaʻala i ka unuhi ʻana i ka ʻikepili no ka mea he mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kāu loiloi.

Nā paepae B2b

He ʻāina ikaika ʻo Turkey me ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka nui o nā kahua B2B e mālama ana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā kahua B2B kaulana ma Turkey e komo pū: 1. Alibaba.com (https://turkish.alibaba.com/): ʻO Alibaba kekahi o nā pūnaewele B2B nui loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e pili ana i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻolako. Hāʻawi ia i kahi ākea o nā huahana a me nā lawelawe. 2. Tradekey.com (https://www.tradekey.com.tr/): Hāʻawi ʻo TradeKey i nā manawa kālepa honua a kōkua i nā ʻoihana e pili pū me nā mea hoʻolako, nā mea hana, a me nā mea hoʻolaha ma Turkey. 3. Europages (https://www.europages.co.uk/business-directory-Turkey.html): He papa kuhikuhi pūnaewele ʻo Europages e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻoihana ma ʻEulopa. Kōkua ia i nā hui e ʻike i nā hoa, nā mea hoʻolako, a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma Turkey. 4. Ekspermarket.com (http://www.ekspermarket.com/): Ke nānā aku nei ʻo Eksper Market i nā waiwai ʻoihana e like me nā mīkini, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā mea pono lako, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e kōkua ana i nā ʻoihana e hoʻopili me nā mea hoʻolako kūpono ma Turkey. 5. TurkExim (http://turkexim.gov.tr/index.cfm?action=bilgi&cid=137&menu_id=80&pageID=40&submenu_header_ID=43799&t=Birlikte_iscilik_-_manufacturing_and_parts_investment_promotion_of_Turkis_promotion_of_Turkisgood s ma ke ʻano he ʻike ʻike no nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish / nā mea lawe mai e hoʻonui i kā lākou pilina kālepa honua ma o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai pono e like me nā hōʻike loiloi mākeke a me nā hana hoʻolaha. 6. OpenToExport.com (https://opentoexport.com/markets/turkey/buying/): Hāʻawi ʻo OpenToExport i nā ʻike waiwai no nā ʻoihana ma UK e nānā ana e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana a i ʻole nā lawelawe i Turkey ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke alakaʻi i nā hoʻolālā komo mākeke. 7. TurkishExporter.net (https://www.turkishexporter.net/en/): Hāʻawi ka Turkish Exporter i nā mea hoʻohana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā hui pāʻoihana kūpono me nā mea kūʻai aku Turkish, e uhi ana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole e like me ka mahiʻai, textiles, mīkini, a me nā uila. 8. Ceptes.com (https://www.ceptes.com.tr/): Hoʻolaha ʻo Ceptes i ka B2B e-commerce no ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale ma Turkey a hāʻawi i ke komo ʻana i kahi ākea o nā mea hale a me nā lako. Hāʻawi kēia mau kahua i nā manawa no nā ʻoihana e hui pū me nā hoa pili, nā mea hoʻolako, nā mea hana, a me nā mea kūʻai aku e kū nei ma Turkey. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kahua kona mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī a me nā pōmaikaʻi no nā mea hoʻohana e ʻimi nei i nā hui B2B.