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ʻIke ʻāina
Kālā Lahui
Kumukuai
Nā lā hoʻomaha nui
Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai ʻē
Hiki i ka Makeke Hoʻomohala
Wela kuai huahana ma ka makeke
ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā kapu
Pūnaehana hoʻokele dute
Nā kulekele ʻauhau lawe mai
Nā kulekele ʻauhau hoʻokuʻu aku
Pono nā palapala hōʻoia no ka lawe ʻana aku
Paipai ʻia ka logistic
Nā ala no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea kūʻai aku

ʻO Kina, i kapa inoa ʻia ʻo ka People's Republic of Kina, he ʻāina ākea ma Asia Hikina. Me ka heluna kanaka ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.4 biliona kānaka, ʻo ia ka lāhui nui loa o ka honua. ʻO Beijing ke kūlanakauhale nui. He moʻolelo koʻikoʻi ko Kina e pili ana i nā kaukani makahiki a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā moʻomeheu kahiko loa o ka honua. Ua hāʻawi koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ke akeakamai, ka ʻepekema, ke kiʻi, a me ka palapala. Ma ke ʻano o ka palapala honua, ua hoʻopuni ʻo Kina i kahi ʻano ʻāina like ʻole mai nā mauna a me nā pāpū a hiki i nā wao nahele a me nā pāpū kahakai. Hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻāina i nā palena me 14 mau ʻāina e pili ana, me Russia, India, a me North Korea. Ma ke ʻano he mana hoʻokele waiwai, ua ʻike ʻo Kina i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana mai ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono i ka mākeke i ka hopena o 1970s. ʻO ia ka lua o ka hoʻokele waiwai nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ka GDP nominal a alakaʻi i kekahi mau ʻoihana e like me ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻenehana. Ke hahai nei ke aupuni Kina i kahi ʻōnaehana politika socialist i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Communist Party of China (CPC). Hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka mana ma luna o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai akā ua wehe pū ʻia i nā hoʻopukapuka haole a me nā hui kālepa. Hoʻopili ka moʻomeheu Kina i nā kuʻuna i paʻa loa i ka Confucianism me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana i nā mea mai Buddhism a me Taoism. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia hoʻoilina moʻomeheu ma kāna meaʻai - kaulana ma ka honua no nā kīʻaha e like me nā dumplings a me Peking duck - a me nā hana kuʻuna e like me ka calligraphy, pena kiʻi, opera, martial arts (Kung Fu), a me nā hana kī kī Kina. Ke kū nei ʻo Kina i nā pilikia e like me ka haumia o ka nohona ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻokoʻa socio-economic ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale i hoʻomohala ʻia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahi kuaʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻoikaika nei ke aupuni i nā pahuhopu hoʻomohala hoʻomau e kālele ana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻololi o ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Pelekikena Xi Jinping (mai ka makahiki 2013), ua ʻimi ʻo Kina i nā hana e like me Belt & Road Initiative no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pilina me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma nā ala kālepa mōʻaukala ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i kona mana ma nā kahua honua e like me United Nations. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻopili ana i ka mōʻaukala waiwai, ka ʻokoʻa moʻomeheu, a me ka mana hoʻokele waiwai, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ʻo Kina i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hana o ka honua a hoʻomau i ka holomua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nohona a me ka hoʻokele waiwai.

Hōʻike ʻia ke kūlana kālā o Kina e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Renminbi (RMB) i kāna kālā kūhelu. ʻO ka helu helu no ka RMB ka Yuan, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e CNY a i ʻole RMB i nā mākeke honua. He mana ko ka People's Bank of China (PBOC) i ka hoʻopuka ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kulekele kālā o ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Renminbi i ka manawa, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka honua a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāna kumukūʻai. I ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻokō ʻo Kina i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lana ʻana, e hoʻopili ana i ka Yuan i kahi hīnaʻi kālā ma mua o ka USD. ʻO kēia neʻe i manaʻo e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka USD a hoʻoikaika i ke kūpaʻa i ke kālepa ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē. Eia kekahi, mai ka makahiki 2016, ua hana ʻo Kina i nā hana e hoʻokomo i kāna kālā i loko o ka hīnaʻi Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūikawā (SDR) o ka International Monetary Fund (IMF) me nā kālā nui e like me USD, GBP, EUR, a me JPY. Hōʻike kēia komo ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka waiwai waiwai o Kina ma ka honua. E pili ana i nā mana hoʻololi, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau kaohi i ke kahe ʻana o ke kapikala i loko a i waho o Kina ma muli o nā mana kapikala i hoʻokō ʻia e nā mana o Kina ma luna o nā hopohopo e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa kālā a me nā mākaukau hoʻokele macroeconomic; ua hana ʻia nā hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka liberalization lohi. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻokō pono ʻana o kāna ʻōnaehana kālā a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā kulekele kālā ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wehe ʻana i nā palena o ka uku paneʻe i hāʻawi ʻia e nā panakō kalepa ma 2013 ma mua o kēia ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā uku paneʻe āpau e ka PBOC i kēia manawa aia lākou ma lalo o ke kaʻina hoʻoponopono ʻoiai ʻo Systemically Important Foreign. -Ua loaʻa i nā Banks i hoʻokomo ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā kālā yuan e pili ana i kā lākou hana ma Mainland China Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā ʻano hana like ʻole e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mākeke e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hana mākeke kūʻai haole ʻoiai e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hana hou aku no ka mālama ʻana i ka pilikia / pale i loko o kahi ʻae ʻia ma waho o nā ʻano hoʻomaha hoʻonui ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻololi pololei ma waena o ka yuan kahi waiwai kūpono i ʻae ʻia. no ka hoʻolilo kālā a i ʻole nā kumu hoʻopukapuka kālā e hāʻawi pū ana i nā kumu i ka holomua holomua o Renminbi. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ke ulu mau nei ke kūlana kālā o Kina i ka wā e wehe hou ai ka ʻāina i kāna mau mākeke kālā, e hakakā nei me nā mana hoʻololi o nā ʻāina ʻē, a hoʻomau i kāna mau hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka honua honua i ka Renminbi.

ʻO ke kālā kūhelu o Kina ka Yuan Kina, i kapa ʻia ʻo Renminbi (RMB). No nā kumukūʻai kūʻai kokoke o nā kālā nui o ka honua, e ʻoluʻolu e hiki ke ʻokoʻa kēia mau helu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e nānā me nā kumukūʻai mākeke o kēia manawa. Eia nā laʻana o nā kumukūʻai kūʻai kokoke: 1 USD (Dala ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa) ≈ 6.40-6.50 CNY 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 7.70-7.80 CNY 1 GBP (Pauna Pelekania) ≈ 8.80-9.00 CNY 1 JPY (Iene Kepani) ≈ 0.06-0.07 CNY 1 AUD (Australian Dollar) ≈ 4.60-4.70 CNY E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomanaʻo he pili kēia mau waiwai a hiki ke loli ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole i ka mākeke kūʻai haole e like me ke kūlana waiwai, kūlana politika, etc.

He mau ʻahaʻaina kuʻuna koʻikoʻi ko Kina, e hōʻike ana i kāna hoʻoilina moʻomeheu waiwai a me nā kuʻuna. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻahaʻaina koʻikoʻi loa ma Kina, ʻo ia ka Spring Festival, i kapa ʻia ʻo Chinese New Year. Hoʻolauleʻa ʻia kēia ʻahaʻaina me ka hoihoi nui a hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi makahiki mahina hou. Hāʻule ka Makahiki Hou Kina ma waena o ka hopena o Ianuali a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Pepeluali a lōʻihi no ʻumikumamālima lā. I loko o ia manawa, komo nā kānaka i nā hana like ʻole e like me ka ʻaha ʻohana, ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai ʻono, ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā envelopes ʻulaʻula i loko o ke kālā, ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ke ahi, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hula deragona kuʻuna. ʻO kekahi ʻahaʻaina nui ma Kina ka Mid-Autumn Festival, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Moon Festival. Hana ʻia kēia ʻahaʻaina ma ka lā 15 o ka ʻewalu o ka mahina o ka mahina (ʻo Sepatemaba a ʻOkakopa paha) ke piha ka mahina. Hoʻolauleʻa ka poʻe ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mooncakes i ka ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha ʻoiai e leʻaleʻa ana i nā hana waho e like me nā hōʻike kukui. ʻO ka lā hoʻomaha o ka Lā Lahui kekahi hanana nui e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o Kina i kēia manawa ma ʻOkakopa 1, 1949. I loko o kēia pule pule i kapa ʻia ʻo Golden Week (ʻOkakopa 1-7), hoʻomaha nā kānaka a kipa paha i nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi kaulana ma Kina e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ko lākou haaheo lahui. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻahaʻaina nui, aia kekahi mau hanana kaulana e like me Qingming Festival (Tomb-Sweeping Day), Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu), Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻahaʻaina i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka moʻomeheu Kina e like me nā manaʻo Confucian a i ʻole nā kuʻuna mahiʻai. I ka hopena, he nui nā ʻahaʻaina koʻikoʻi o Kina e paʻa ana i ke koʻikoʻi moʻomeheu hohonu no kona poʻe. Hoʻohui kēia mau hanana i nā ʻohana, hoʻoulu i ka lokahi i waena o nā kamaʻāina i ka wā hoʻomaha aupuni e like me ka National Day Golden Week a hāʻawi i nā manawa no nā mea a pau e komo i nā kuʻuna kahiko a me nā kuʻuna i ka makahiki.

ʻO Kina, i kapa inoa ʻia ʻo ka People's Republic of China (PRC), he mea pāʻani nui i ka ʻoihana kālepa honua. Ua puka koke mai ʻo ia ka mea hoʻopuka nui loa ma ka honua a me ka lua o ka mea lawe mai i nā waiwai. Ua ʻike ka ʻoihana kalepa o Kina i ka ulu kupaianaha i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, i alakaʻi nui ʻia e kāna hana hana a me nā hana haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻololi ka ʻāina iā ia iho i kahi hoʻokele waiwai kūʻai aku, ʻoihana kūikawā i ka hana ʻana i kahi ākea o nā mea kūʻai aku, uila, mīkini, textiles, a me nā mea hou aku. Ma ke ʻano o nā wahi e hoʻokuʻu aku ai, hoʻouna ʻo Kina i kāna mau huahana i nā kihi āpau o ka honua. ʻO kāna mau hoa kālepa nui loa ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e like me Kelemānia a me Palani, nā lāhui ASEAN e like me Iapana a me South Korea. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau mākeke no ka hapa nui o nā hoʻopuka Kina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao lawe mai, hilinaʻi nui ʻo Kina i nā waiwai e like me ka aila, ka hao hao, ke keleawe, ka soybeans e hoʻokō i kāna mau pono ʻoihana ulu. ʻO nā mea hoʻolako nui nā ʻāina e like me Australia (no ka hao hao), Saudi Arabia (no ka aila), Brazil (no ka soybeans), etc. ʻO ke koena kālepa o Kina (ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoʻopuka a me ka lawe ʻana mai) ke mau nei ka nui akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole e like me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai home. Ke kū nei ka ʻāina i nā pilikia e like me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kalepa me kekahi mau ʻāina e hoʻopilikia paha i kāna ʻāina kālepa e hiki mai ana. Ua ʻimi ikaika ke aupuni Kina i nā kulekele no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kālepa ʻē aʻe ma o nā hana e like me ka Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui i ka pilina pili ʻana me nā ʻāina hoa hana ma nā ʻāpana o Asia-Europe-Africa. I ka hopena, ua puka mai ʻo Kina ma ke ʻano he mea pāʻani koʻikoʻi i ke kālepa honua ma muli o kāna mau hana hana ikaika ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea lawe nui a me ka mea lawe mai. Ke hoʻomau nei kāna hoʻoikaika no ka hoʻohui waiwai honua ma o nā hoʻolālā e hāpai ana i nā manawa hoʻopukapuka haole no nā ʻoihana kūloko aʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pilina bilateral me nā hoa kālepa koʻikoʻi o ka honua.

ʻO Kina, ʻo ia ka mea kūʻai aku nui loa ma ka honua a me ka lua o ka mea lawe mai, loaʻa iā ia ka mana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna mākeke kālepa haole. Aia kekahi mau kumu e kōkua ai i ka manaʻo ikaika o Kina ma kēia wahi. ʻO ka mea mua, hāʻawi ka wahi ʻāina o Kina i kahi kūlana maikaʻi ma ke ʻano he kikowaena kālepa honua. Aia ma Asia Hikina, he ʻīpuka ia ma waena o nā mākeke Komohana a me Hikina. ʻO kāna ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa nui, me nā awa a me nā kaʻaahi, hiki ke hāʻawi maikaʻi i nā waiwai ma ka home a me ka honua. ʻO ka lua, loaʻa iā Kina kahi mākeke mea kūʻai nui me ka 1.4 biliona poʻe. Hāʻawi kēia koi kūloko i kahi kumu maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kālepa ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi ana i nā manawa kūpono no ka lawe ʻana mai a me ka lawe ʻana aku. Ke ulu nei ka papa waena ma Kina i kahi kumu kūʻai e ulu nei e makemake nui ana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe mai ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kolu, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻo Kina e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana ma o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono like ʻole a me nā kulekele liberalization. Ua hoʻokumu nā ʻoihana e like me ka Belt and Road Initiative i nā ala hoʻokele waiwai hou e hoʻopili ana iā ʻAsia me ʻEulopa a me ʻApelika, e hoʻoikaika ana i nā pilina pili ma waena o nā ʻāina i komo i kēia mau papahana ʻoihana. Eia kekahi, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo Kina i nā kumuwaiwai he nui e like me ka hana akamai i nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū e huki ai i nā hui ʻē aʻe e nānā ana e hoʻopuka i kā lākou hana hana a hoʻokumu i nā kumu hana i loko o ka ʻāina. ʻO kāna mau ʻenehana holomua e hoʻolilo iā ia i wahi hoʻokipa maikaʻi no nā ʻoihana e ʻimi nei i ka hui pū ʻana a i ʻole nā manawa hoʻolimalima. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoikaika nui nā ʻoihana Kina i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou noho honua ma o nā hoʻopukapuka kālā a i ʻole nā kuʻi. Hōʻike kēia ʻano i ko lākou makemake e komo i nā mākeke hou aʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hoa pili i kahi manawa e komo ai i ka mākeke Kina ma o ka launa pū ʻana a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana. I ka hopena, ua manaʻo ʻia e ulu mau ka mākeke kālepa haole o Kina ma muli o kona kūlana ʻāina maikaʻi, ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku kūloko, nā hoʻolālā hoʻoponopono ʻoihana me ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa i loko o kona mau palena. Hōʻike kēia mau mea i ka mana nui no nā ʻoihana a puni ka honua e ʻimi nei e ʻimi i nā manawa i loko o kēia mākeke ikaika o nā manaʻo ulu nui.

I ke koho ʻana i nā huahana kūʻai wela no ka mākeke kālepa haole o Kina, aia kekahi mau mea e noʻonoʻo ai. Eia kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i kēia mau huahana: 1. Ka noiʻi mākeke: E hoʻomaka ma ka hana ʻana i ka noiʻi mākeke holoʻokoʻa e ʻike i nā ʻano hou a me nā koi i loko o ka ʻoihana kālepa haole o Kina. E noʻonoʻo i nā makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā kumu kūʻai, me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻoihana e kū nei a me nā ʻāpana huahana e hōʻike ana i ka hiki. 2. E noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻokūkū: E nānā pono i nā makana a kāu mau mea hoʻokūkū ma ka mākeke Kina. E ʻike i nā āpau a i ʻole nā wahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i kāu huahana mai nā mea i loaʻa. E kōkua kēia loiloi iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o nā huahana i makemake nui ʻia a ma hea kahi lumi no nā mea komo hou. 3. E hoʻomaopopo i nā makemake moʻomeheu: E ʻike i ko Kina mau makemake moʻomeheu kūʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano mea kūʻai aku. E noʻonoʻo e hoʻololi a hoʻololi paha i kāu koho huahana e like me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā leʻaleʻa kūloko, nā loina, a me nā kuʻuna. 4. ʻO ka hōʻoia maikaʻi: Ke hoʻonui nui nei nā mea kūʻai aku i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe a hilinaʻi. E noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano hōʻoia maikaʻi e like me nā palapala hōʻoia huahana, nā kūlana palekana, nā koho hōʻoia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. 5. Hiki i ka E-commerce: Me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka e-commerce ma Kina, e koho mua i nā huahana me ka hiki ke kūʻai aku ma ka pūnaewele a me nā hiki ke kūʻai aku ma waho. 6.Supply chain efficiency: E loiloi i ka hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea i koho ʻia me ka maikaʻi i loko o kāu pūnaewele hoʻolako me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi. 7. Nā koho hoʻomau a i ʻole eco-friendly: I ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻike kaiapuni ma waena o nā mea kūʻai aku Kina, e noʻonoʻo e hoʻokomo i nā hana hoʻomau i kāu kaʻina koho huahana ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā koho pili kaiaola inā hiki. 8. Makeke ho'āʻo a me ka hoʻololi 'ana: Ma mua o ka hāʻawi piha ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai no ka hana nui a kūʻai ʻana paha, e hana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mākeke palena palena ma kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi (e laʻa, nā papahana hoʻokele) me nā huahana i koho maikaʻi ʻia e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i loko o kāu hui waihona waihona. Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea i ka wā e alakaʻi ana i ka nānā ʻana o ka mākeke a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻoholo i hoʻoholo ʻia i ka noiʻi, hiki i nā ʻoihana pili ke hoʻonui i ko lākou manawa e koho ai i nā huahana kūʻai wela no ka mākeke kālepa haole o Kina a loaʻa ka kūleʻa i kēia mākeke nui a loaʻa kālā.

He ʻāina ākea a ʻokoʻa ʻo Kina me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa i ka wā e pili ana i ka ʻano mea kūʻai aku. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻano a me nā kapu hiki ke kōkua nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilina ʻoihana kūleʻa: Nā ʻano mea kūʻai aku: 1. Hoʻoikaika ikaika i nā pilina pilikino: Manaʻo nā mea kūʻai aku Kina i ka hilinaʻi a me ka kūpaʻa, makemake pinepine e hana ʻoihana me nā poʻe a lākou i ʻike ai a i ʻōlelo ʻia iā lākou. 2. Koʻikoʻi o ka helehelena: He mea koʻikoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ke kiʻi maikaʻi a me ka kaulana i ka moʻomeheu Kina. Hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke hele i ka mile keu e mālama i ka maka no lākou iho a i ʻole kā lākou mau hoa ʻoihana. 3. Ka noʻonoʻo kumukūʻai: ʻOiai e mahalo ana nā mea kūʻai aku Kina i ka maikaʻi, ʻike lākou i ke kumukūʻai a ʻimi pinepine i ka waiwai maikaʻi loa no kā lākou kālā. 4. Nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopili pūnaewele: Me ka heluna nui o nā mea hoʻohana kelepona, makemake nā mea kūʻai aku Kina i nā mea kūʻai pūnaewele e noiʻi nui ana i nā huahana a heluhelu i nā loiloi o nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūʻai ʻana. Nā kapu mea kūʻai: 1. Hōʻalo i ka nalowale o ka maka: Mai hōʻino a hoʻohilahila paha i ka mea kūʻai aku Kina ma ka lehulehu, no ka mea, hiki i kēia ke hoʻopau i ka maka i mahalo nui ʻia ma ka moʻomeheu. 2. Pono nā makana: E makaʻala i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā makana, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia nā hana kūpono ʻole a hewa ʻole paha ma muli o nā kānāwai anti-kipe. 3. Hoʻohanohano i ka hierarchy a me ka makahiki: E hōʻike i ka mahalo i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi hui ma ke kamaʻilio mua ʻana i nā poʻe ʻelemakule ma nā hālāwai a i ʻole ka launa pū ʻana. 4. He mea nui nā ʻōlelo waha ʻole: E hoʻolohe i nā ʻōlelo waha ʻole e like me ke ʻano o ke kino, ka leo o ka leo, a me nā hiʻohiʻona maka ke lawe nei lākou i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi ma ka kamaʻilio Kina. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka pale ʻana i nā kapu i ka wā e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻoihana ma Kina, hiki i nā hui ke kūkulu i nā pilina ikaika me kā lākou mau hoa Kina e alakaʻi ana i ka hui kūleʻa a hoʻonui i nā manawa kūʻai.

Loaʻa iā Kina kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kuʻuna piha e hoʻoponopono i ka neʻe ʻana o nā waiwai ma waena o kona mau palena. Ua kau nā luna dute i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hōʻoia i ka holo mālie o ke kālepa ʻoiai e mālama pū ana i ka palekana aupuni a me nā pono waiwai. Eia kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele dute o Kina me nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai. 1. Nā Kaʻina Dute: Pono kēlā me kēia kanaka a hui paha e lawe mai a lawe aku paha i nā waiwai i nā kaʻina hana i koho ʻia. Hoʻopili kēia i ka waiho ʻana i nā palapala e pono ai, ka uku ʻana i nā dute kūpono a me nā ʻauhau, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lula pili. 2. Nā Hoʻolaha Dute: Pono nā mea lawe mai a me nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻouna pololei a piha i nā ʻōlelo hoʻolaha e hāʻawi i ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka waiwai, ko lākou waiwai, nui, kumu, kahi e hele ai, etc. 3. Nā Dute a me nā ʻauhau: Ke kau nei ʻo Kina i nā dute ma luna o nā waiwai i lawe ʻia mai ma muli o ko lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka Harmonized System (HS) Code. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻauhau ʻia ka ʻauhau hoʻohui waiwai (VAT) ma ka hapa nui o nā waiwai i lawe ʻia mai ma ka helu maʻamau o 13%. 4. Nā Waiwai i pāpā ʻia a i ʻae ʻia: Ua pāpā ʻia a ʻae ʻia kekahi mau mea mai ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai a hoʻokuʻu ʻia paha ma muli o nā pilikia palekana a i ʻole nā kauā kānāwai. ʻO kēia mau mea e pili ana i nā narcotics, nā mea kaua, nā ʻano mea make, nā mea hoʻopunipuni, etc. 5. Nā Kuleana Waiwai Na'auao (IPR): Ua mālama ko'iko'i 'o Kina i ka mālama 'ana i ka waiwai na'auao ma kona mau palena. ʻO ka lawe ʻana mai i nā huahana hōʻailona hoʻopunipuni hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hoʻopaʻi e like me ka hao ʻana i nā waiwai a i ʻole ka uku. 6. Nā Nānā Dute: No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kānāwai a me nā lula, ua kuleana nā luna dute e nānā i nā hoʻouna ʻana a i ʻole ke manaʻo lākou he hewa. 7. Nā ʻAi Moku Kaʻahele: Ke komo ʻana i Kina ma ke ʻano he kanaka huakaʻi me ka ʻole o ka ʻoihana kalepa. kekahi nui o nā mea pilikino e like me nā lole, hiki ke lawe ʻia ka lāʻau me ka uku ʻole ʻana i ke dute. Akā, aia paha nā palena no nā mea waiwai e like me nā mea uila, nā mea nani, a me ka waiʻona, e pale aku i nā manaʻo hoʻomake. Manaʻo mau ia no nā poʻe e hele ana i ka honua e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou iho me nā koi kūikawā o ka ʻāina e hele ai. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i nā lula kuʻuna Kina hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻopaʻi, lohi, a i ʻole ka hao ʻana i nā waiwai.

Ua hoʻokō ʻo Kina i kahi kulekele dute import e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻauhau o nā waiwai i lawe ʻia mai i loko o ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili ʻia nā dute lawe mai ma nā ʻano o nā waiwai a lawelawe i nā kumu he nui e like me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻoihana kūloko, hoʻoponopono i nā kahe kālepa, a me ka loaʻa kālā no ke aupuni. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia nā dute lawe mai ma Kina ma ka Customs Tariff Implementation Plan, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā huahana i nā code tariff like ʻole. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau kumukūʻai ma lalo o ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: nā uku maʻamau a me nā uku koho. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kumukūʻai maʻamau i ka hapa nui o nā mea lawe mai ʻoiai ke hāʻawi ʻia nā kumukūʻai makemake i nā ʻāina i hoʻokumu ai ʻo Kina i nā ʻaelike kalepa. ʻO ka hoʻolālā dute import maʻamau he mau pae mai ka 0% a ʻoi aku ma luna o 100%. ʻO nā waiwai koʻikoʻi e like me nā meaʻai, nā mea maka mua, a me kekahi mau mea ʻenehana e hauʻoli i ka uku haʻahaʻa a i ʻole. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke kau ʻia nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe aʻe i nā waiwai a me nā mea e hoʻoweliweli i ka palekana aupuni a i ʻole ke olakino lehulehu. Hoʻohana pū ʻo Kina i ka ʻauhau hoʻohui waiwai (VAT) ma nā waiwai i lawe ʻia mai ma ka helu maʻamau o 13%. Ua helu ʻia ka VAT ma muli o ka huina waiwai o ka huahana i lawe ʻia me nā dute dute (inā loaʻa), nā kumukūʻai kaʻa, nā uku ʻinikua, a me nā koina ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka wā hoʻouna. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau hoʻokuʻu a hōʻemi paha i loaʻa no nā ʻāpana kikoʻī e like me nā huahana e pili ana i ka mahiʻai, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka noiʻi ʻepekema, nā papahana hoʻololi moʻomeheu a i ʻole nā hana kōkua kanaka. He mea nui i nā mea lawe mai ke hoʻokō pololei i nā lula o Kina e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo kūʻai. Inā ʻaʻole e hana pēlā, hiki ke hopena i ka hoʻopaʻi a i ʻole ka hao ʻana i nā waiwai. I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ke kulekele duty import a Kina e manaʻo nei e pale i nā ʻoihana kūloko aʻo ke kaulike ʻana i nā pilina kalepa honua. Hāʻawi ia i ka hoʻokūkū kūpono ma waena o nā mea hana kūloko ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai e hōʻino paha i kā lākou hoʻokūkū.

Ua hoʻokō ʻo Kina i nā kulekele ʻauhau hoʻokuʻu aku e hoʻoponopono i kāna ʻoihana lawe aku a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hoʻohana ka ʻāina i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻauhau waiwai (VAT) no ka hapa nui o kāna mau waiwai i lawe ʻia aku. No nā mea kūʻai maʻamau, ʻae ke kulekele hoʻihoʻi VAT hoʻokuʻu aku i nā mea kūʻai aku e koi hou i ka VAT i uku ʻia ma nā mea maka, nā ʻāpana, a me nā mea hoʻokomo ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana. Kōkua kēia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana a hoʻonui i ka hoʻokūkū ma nā mākeke honua. ʻOkoʻa nā uku hoʻihoʻi ma muli o ka māhele huahana, me nā uku kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea e like me nā lole, textiles, a me nā mea uila. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kekahi mau huahana no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka VAT a i ʻole ua hōʻemi paha i nā kumukūʻai hoʻihoʻi ma muli o nā hopohopo kaiapuni a i ʻole nā hoʻoponopono aupuni. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohaumia nui ke kū i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻauhau ma ke ʻano he mea e paipai ai i nā hana hoʻomau. Eia kekahi, ke kau nei ʻo Kina i nā dute hoʻokuʻu aku ma luna o nā waiwai kikoʻī e like me nā huahana kila, ka lanahu, nā minerala honua ʻole, a me kekahi mau huahana mahiʻai. ʻO ke kumu ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka lako o ka home a mālama i ke kūpaʻa i kēia mau ʻoihana. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Kina i nā Free Trade Zones (FTZs) kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā kulekele kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻauhau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. Hāʻawi nā FTZ i nā kumukūʻai ʻauhau makemake a i ʻole nā hoʻokuʻu ʻia no kekahi mau ʻoihana ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e huki i ka hoʻopukapuka haole a hoʻolaha i ke kālepa honua. He mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka poʻe kūʻai aku ma Kina e hoʻomau iā lākou iho me nā loli i nā kulekele ʻauhau no ka mea hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia lākou e ke aupuni e pili ana i nā pono waiwai a me nā kūlana honua. I ka hopena, mea hoʻohana)+(s), ʻo ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o Kina i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau e manaʻo nei e kākoʻo i nā ʻoihana kūloko me ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū honua ma o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka VAT no nā waiwai maʻamau me nā kuleana kikoʻī i kau ʻia ma kekahi mau waiwai.

ʻO Kina, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻoihana waiwai nui loa ma ka honua, he ʻōnaehana paʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu aku. Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻāina i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻoia ʻana o kāna mau huahana i lawe ʻia e kū i nā kūlana honua a me nā lula. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hōʻoia i waho ma Kina e pili ana i nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole a me nā koi. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai aku kahi Laikini Export i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā luna aupuni kūpono e like me ka General Administration of Customs (GAC) a i ʻole ke Kuhina Kālepa. Hāʻawi kēia laikini iā lākou e komo i nā hana hoʻopuka. Hoʻohui ʻia, pono paha nā hōʻoia huahana kikoʻī ma muli o ke ʻano o nā huahana i lawe ʻia aku. No ka laʻana, inā e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana meaʻai, pono nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻokō i nā lula palekana meaʻai i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā ʻoihana e like me China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), e hoʻopuka ana i nā palapala hoʻomaʻemaʻe no ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai. Pono nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻokō i nā kūlana mana maikaʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hui e like me China Certification & Inspection Group (CCIC), e alakaʻi ana i nā nānā mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana e hōʻoia i nā huahana e hoʻokō i nā koi kūpono. Eia kekahi, koi ʻia kahi palapala hōʻoia no ka hōʻoia ʻana ua hana ʻia a hana ʻia paha nā huahana ma Kina. Ke hōʻoia nei kēia palapala hōʻoia ʻo nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai nā kumu Kina a hoʻoholo inā kūpono lākou i nā ʻaelike kālepa makemake a i ʻole nā hōʻemi uku ma lalo o Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). No ka hoʻokele maʻalahi i kēia mau kaʻina hana, nui nā mea kūʻai aku e ʻimi i ke kōkua mai nā ʻoihana ʻoihana loea i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā pepa a me nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka palapala hōʻoia. Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻelele ka ʻike piha e pili ana i nā hoʻoponopono hoʻopukapuka a hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā palapala pono āpau. I ka hopena, ua kau nui ʻo Kina i ka palapala hōʻoia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o kāna mau waiwai i nā kūlana honua. Ma muli o nā alakaʻi koʻikoʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā mana e like me GAC a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā palapala hōʻoia kikoʻī huahana e like me ka ʻae ʻana o CFDA e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā pilina kālepa maikaʻi me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua.

ʻO Kina, ma ke ʻano he ʻāina hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana logistic, hāʻawi i kahi ākea o nā lawelawe logistic kūpono a hilinaʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka honua a me ka pono o ka lawe ukana, nā hui e like me Cosco Shipping Lines a me China Shipping Group e hāʻawi i nā koho maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana kēia mau ʻoihana i nā ʻauwaʻa moku nui a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe piha no ka halihali ukana a puni ka honua. Me kā lākou pūnaewele pili pono o nā awa a me nā limahana hoʻolaʻa, hōʻoia lākou i ka hāʻawi manawa kūpono a me ka lawelawe mea kūʻai aku ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka lua, no ka lawe ʻana i ka home i loko o ka ʻāina ākea o Kina, aia kekahi mau ʻoihana logistic kaulana. ʻO kekahi o ia hui ʻo China Railways Corporation (CR), ka mea e hana ana i kahi ʻoihana kaʻaahi ākea e uhi ana i nā kihi āpau o ka ʻāina. Hoʻolako ʻia me ka ʻenehana holomua e like me nā kaʻaahi kiʻekiʻe, hōʻoia ʻo CR i ka palekana a me ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana mai kekahi kūlanakauhale a i kekahi. Eia kekahi, no ka pono o ka halihali ukana alanui ma loko o ka ʻāina nui o Kina a i ʻole i nā ʻāina e pili ana ma o nā ala ʻāina e like me ka Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), hāʻawi ʻo Sinotrans Limited i nā lawelawe hilinaʻi. Me kāna mau ʻauwaʻa kaʻa i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana GPS a me nā mea hoʻokele akamai i kamaʻāina i nā ala like ʻole, hōʻoia ʻo Sinotrans i ka lawe pono ʻana a hiki i nā wahi mamao. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e pili ana i ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā ukana logistic i Kina a i ʻole honua mai nā mokulele Kina e like me Beijing Capital International Airport a i ʻole Shanghai Pudong International Airport etc., ʻo ka Air China Cargo he koho hilinaʻi. Ua hoʻolaʻa kēia mokulele i nā mokulele ukana e hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi i nā waiwai ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama paʻa ʻana i ke kaʻina hana transit. Ma waho aʻe o nā lawelawe halihali i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hui nui i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna; aia kekahi ʻano e kū nei i nā paepae e-commerce e komo ana i kā lākou mau hana logistic. Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana e like me JD.com i kā lākou pūnaewele hoʻolaha ʻāina e hāʻawi ana i nā lawelawe hoʻopuka wikiwiki ma ka mākeke ākea o Kina. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka kaulana honua no kāna hana hana i hui pū ʻia me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai; ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ua hoʻomohala ʻo Kina i kahi kaiaola kaiaola logistic e hoʻolako i nā koi like ʻole ma ka ʻāina a me ka honua. Inā makemake ʻoe i nā koho hoʻokele honua a i ʻole nā hoʻonā hoʻokele hoʻokele waiwai kūloko; Ua mākaukau nā hui logistic he nui i Kina e lawelawe me kā lākou ʻōnaehana ʻenehana holomua, nā pūnaewele piha, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka mea kūʻai aku.

Hōʻike kālepa koʻikoʻi

He ʻāina ulu wikiwiki ʻo Kina me ka hoʻokele waiwai nui, e huki ana i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā. Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ala kūʻai kūʻai honua koʻikoʻi a me nā hōʻikeʻike kālepa. ʻO kekahi o nā papa hana mua no ke kūʻai ʻana i ka honua ma Kina ʻo ka Canton Fair, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka China Import and Export Fair. Hana ʻia ʻelua manawa i ka makahiki ma Guangzhou a hōʻike i kahi ākea o nā huahana mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Hoʻokipa ka fair i nā mea kūʻai mai a puni ka honua e ʻimi nei i nā huahana maikaʻi ma nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū. ʻO kekahi kahua koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokele honua ʻo Alibaba.com. Hoʻopili kēia mākeke pūnaewele i nā mea kūʻai aku o ka honua me nā mea hoʻolako mai Kina e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea o nā huahana ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻAe ʻo Alibaba.com i nā ʻoihana e ʻimi i nā huahana kikoʻī, hoʻopili pololei me nā mea hana, hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai, a kau i nā kauoha me ka maʻalahi. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau papa hana maʻamau, aia kekahi mau hōʻikeʻike kālepa kikoʻī i mālama ʻia ma Kina e huki ana i nā mea kūʻai aku honua e ʻimi nei i nā huahana a i ʻole nā lawelawe kūikawā. ʻo kahi laʻana: 1. Auto Kina: Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Beijing, ʻo kēia hōʻikeʻike kekahi o nā hōʻike automotive nui loa ma ka honua. Hōʻike ia i nā holomua hou loa i nā kaʻa a huki i nā mea pāʻani kaulana mai nā mākeke kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē. 2. CIFF (China International Furniture Fair): ʻO kēia hoʻolauleʻa ʻelua makahiki i mālama ʻia ma Shanghai e kālele ana i nā lako hale a me nā ʻoihana hana hale. Hāʻawi ia i nā manawa e launa pū me nā mea hana, nā mea kūʻai aku, nā mea kūʻai aku, nā mea hoʻolālā, nā mea hana hale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e ʻimi ana i nā hoʻonā mea hana hou. 3. PTC Asia (Power Transmission & Control): Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Shanghai mai 1991, hōʻike kēia hōʻikeʻike i nā mea hou o ka ʻoihana hoʻoili mana mechanical e like me nā gears, bearings, motors & drives system e huki ai i nā mea hana honua e ʻimi ana i nā hui a i nā mea hoʻolako mai Kina. 4. Canton Beauty Expo: Me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā ʻāpana nani; Hāʻawi kēia hanana i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā hui e hana ana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me nā inoa kaulana i kahi manawa e hōʻike ai i kā lākou mau laina mālama ʻili hou a i ʻole nā hōʻiliʻili lauoho i ka wā e pili ana me nā mea hoʻolaha / mea lawe mai Kina e ʻimi nei i nā makana exclusivity. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau hōʻikeʻike kālepa i hoʻolako ʻia i nā ʻoihana kūikawā; ʻO nā kūlanakauhale nui e like me Shanghai, Beijing, a me Guangzhou e hoʻokipa mau i nā hanana kālepa honua, e hoʻoikaika ana i nā pilina ma waena o nā mea hana Kina a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma waena o nā ʻāpana ākea. ʻO ka puka ʻana o Kina ma ke ʻano he kikowaena hana honua ua alakaʻi maoli ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ala like ʻole no nā mea kūʻai aku honua e ʻimi nei i nā huahana kumu a i ʻole e hoʻokumu i nā pilina. ʻAʻole hāʻawi kēia mau kahua i nā manawa no ke kālepa akā kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana hou, ka hoʻololi ʻike a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilina ʻoihana mau loa.

Nā mīkini huli maʻamau

ʻO Kina, ma ke ʻano he ʻāina nui me ka heluna nui a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua hoʻomohala i kāna mau ʻenekini huli kaulana. Eia kekahi mau ʻenekini huli maʻamau ma Kina me kā lākou mau URL. 1. Baidu (www.baidu.com): ʻO Baidu ka mīkini huli hoʻohana nui loa ma Kina, hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia me Google ma ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka kaulana. Hāʻawi ia i nā ʻaoʻao pūnaewele, nā kiʻi, nā wikiō, nā ʻatikala nūhou, nā palapala ʻāina, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe. 2. Sogou (www.sogou.com): ʻO Sogou kekahi ʻenekini ʻimi Kina nui e hāʻawi ana i ka huli kikokikona a me nā kiʻi. Ua kaulana ia no kāna polokalamu hoʻokomo ʻōlelo a me nā lawelawe unuhi. 3. 360 Huli (www.so.com): No ka Qihoo 360 Technology Co., Ltd., ke kālele nei kēia ʻenekini hulina i ka palekana pūnaewele me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hana hulina pūnaewele maʻamau. 4. Haosou (www.haosou.com): ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo "Haoso", hōʻike ʻo Haosou iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he puka ākea e hāʻawi ana i nā lawelawe like ʻole e like me ka ʻimi pūnaewele, ka hōʻuluʻulu nūhou, ka hoʻokele palapala ʻāina, nā koho kūʻai etc. 5. Shenma (sm.cn): Kūkulu ʻia e Alibaba Group Holding Limited o ka māhele polokalamu kele pūnaewele ʻo UCWeb Inc., ʻimi ʻo Shenma Search i nā huli kelepona i loko o ka kaiaola Alibaba. 6. Youdao (www.youdao.com): Na NetEase Inc., ʻo Youdao ka mea nui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe unuhi akā loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hiki ke huli pūnaewele. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻenekini ʻimi Kina e pono ai ka unuhi lima a i ʻole ke kōkua o kahi unuhi Mandarin inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i kamaʻāina i ka ʻōlelo a i ʻole nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia mau pūnaewele.

Nā ʻaoʻao melemele nui

He ʻāina ākea ʻo Kina me nā ʻoihana he nui e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea o nā lawelawe a me nā huahana. Aia nā papa kuhikuhi ʻaoʻao melemele nui ma Kina: 1. China Yellow Pages (中国黄页) - ʻO kēia kekahi o nā papa kuhikuhi palapala melemele piha loa ma Kina, e uhi ana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana. ʻO kā lākou pūnaewele: www.chinayellowpage.net. 2. YP Pākē (中文黄页) - Hāʻawi ka YP Pākē i ka papa kuhikuhi o nā ʻoihana e lawelawe nui ana i ke kaiāulu Kina a puni ka honua. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ma: www.chineseyellowpages.com. 3. 58.com (58同城) - ʻOiai ʻaʻole he papa kuhikuhi ʻaoʻao melemele wale nō, ʻo 58.com kekahi o nā kahua hoʻolaha pūnaewele nui loa ma Kina, e hōʻike ana i nā papa inoa no nā lawelawe like ʻole a me nā huahana ma nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO kā lākou pūnaewele: www.en.58.com. 4. Palapala 'āina Baidu (百度地图) - 'A'ole ho'olako 'o Baidu Maps i nā palapala 'āina a me nā lawelawe ho'okele akā hā'awi pū kekahi i ka 'ike no nā miliona o nā 'oihana kūloko ma Kina, e hana ana ma ke 'ano he papa kuhikuhi palapala melemele ma ka pūnaewele. Hiki ke loaʻa kā lākou pūnaewele ma: map.baidu.com. 5. Sogou Yellow Pages (搜狗黄页) - Sogou Yellow Pages hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke ʻimi i nā ʻoihana kūloko e pili ana i ka wahi a me ka māhele ʻoihana i loko o ka ʻāina nui o Kina, e hāʻawi ana i nā kikoʻī pili a me nā ʻike hou e pili ana i kēlā me kēia papa inoa ʻoihana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke komo ma o: huangye.sogou.com. 6.Telb2b Yellow Pages(电话簿网)- Hāʻawi ʻo Telb2b i kahi waihona nui o nā hui mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻāina nui o Kina. ʻO kā lākou pūnaewele URL: www.telb21.cn He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana mua ʻana o kekahi mau pūnaewele ma ka ʻōlelo Mandarin Chinese; akā naʻe, loaʻa pinepine iā lākou nā mana ʻōlelo Pelekania a i ʻole nā koho no ka unuhi ʻana i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohana honua a i ʻole malihini e ʻimi nei i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻoihana a i ʻole nā lawelawe i loko o ka ʻāina.

Nā papahana kālepa nui

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Kina no kāna ʻoihana e-commerce e ulu nei e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea o nā paepae e hoʻolako ana i nā pono mea kūʻai aku. ʻO kekahi o nā pūnaewele e-commerce nui ma Kina e komo: 1. Hui Alibaba: Hoʻohana ʻo Alibaba Group i nā platform kaulana, me: - Taobao (淘宝): He kahua mea kūʻai aku i ka mea kūʻai aku (C2C) e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o nā huahana. - Tmall (天猫): He kahua pāʻoihana-i-mea kūʻai (B2C) e hōʻike ana i nā huahana inoa inoa. - Alibaba.com: He kahua B2B honua e pili ana i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻolako. Pūnaewele: www.alibaba.com 2. JD.com: ʻO JD.com kekahi o nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele B2C nui loa ma Kina, e hāʻawi ana i kahi koho nui o nā huahana ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Paena pūnaewele: www.jd.com 3. Pinduoduo (拼多多): ʻO Pinduoduo kahi papahana e-commerce e paipai ana i nā mea hoʻohana e hui pū a kūʻai aku i nā huahana ma nā kumukūʻai hoʻemi ma o ka kūʻai pūʻulu ʻana. Paena pūnaewele: www.pinduoduo.com 4. Suning.com (苏宁易购): ʻO Suning.com kahi hale kūʻai B2C nui e hāʻawi ana i nā mea uila like ʻole, nā waiwai home, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā huahana mea kūʻai aku. Paena pūnaewele: www.suning.com 5. Vipshop (唯品会): Kūleʻa ʻo Vipshop i nā kūʻai uila a hāʻawi i nā kumukūʻai hoʻemi ma nā lole branded, nā lako, a me nā waiwai home. Pūnaewele: www.vipshop.com 6. Meituan-Dianping (美团点评): Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Meituan-Dianping ma ke ʻano he kahua kūʻai pūʻulu pūnaewele akā ua hoʻonui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe e like me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hōkele, a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā tiketi kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Paena pūnaewele: www.meituan.com/en/ 7. Xiaohongshu/RED（小红书）: ʻO Xiaohongshu a i ʻole RED kahi kahua pāʻoihana kaiapili hou kahi e kaʻana like ai nā mea hoʻohana i nā loiloi huahana, nā ʻike huakaʻi, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ola. He wahi kūʻai pū kekahi. Paena pūnaewele: www.xiaohongshu.com 8. Alibaba's Taobao Global (淘宝全球购): He kahua kūikawā ʻo Taobao Global i loko o Alibaba, e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻonā e-commerce cross-border no nā mea kūʻai honua makemake e kūʻai mai Kina. Pūnaewele: world.taobao.com ʻO kēia wale nō kekahi o nā kahua e-commerce nui ma Kina, a hāʻawi lākou i nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi ala kūpono e kūʻai aku ai i nā huahana like ʻole mai nā mea kūʻai aku a hiki i ka uila a ma waho.

ʻO nā pūnaewele media nui

He ʻāina ʻo Kina me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pānaehana kaiapili e mālama ana i nā pono like ʻole a me nā makemake. Ua loaʻa i kēia mau kahua kaiapili ke kaulana nui i waena o kona poʻe kamaʻāina. E ʻimi kākou i kekahi o nā kahua pāʻoihana kaiapili nui ma Kina: 1. WeChat (微信): Hoʻomohala ʻia e Tencent, ʻo WeChat kekahi o nā polokalamu leka uila kaulana loa ma Kina. Hāʻawi ia ʻaʻole wale i ka kikokikona a me ka leo leo akā nā hiʻohiʻona e like me Moments (e like me Facebook's News Feed), nā polokalamu liʻiliʻi, nā uku kelepona, a me nā mea hou aku. Paena pūnaewele: https://web.wechat.com/ 2. Sina Weibo (新浪微博): Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "China's Twitter," ʻae ʻo Sina Weibo i nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻouna i nā leka pōkole a i ʻole microblogs, me nā kiʻi a me nā wikiō. Ua lilo ia i kahua koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā nūhou, nā ʻōlelo ʻōlelo kaulana, nā ʻano, a me nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā kumuhana like ʻole. Paena pūnaewele: https://weibo.com/ 3. Douyin/ TikTok (抖音): Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Douyin ma Kina, ua loaʻa i kēia wikiō pōkole ka inoa ʻo TikTok ma waho o Kina. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hana a kaʻana like i nā wikiō 15-kekona i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke mele a i ʻole nā kani. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.douyin.com/about/ 4. QQ空间 (QZone): No Tencent, QQ空间 ua like ia me kahi moʻomanaʻo pilikino kahi e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻopilikino i ko lākou wahi pūnaewele me nā pou blog, nā puke kiʻi kiʻi, nā diaries i ka wā e pili ana me nā hoaaloha ma o ka leka uila. Paena pūnaewele: http://qzone.qq.com/ 5. Douban (豆瓣): Ke lawelawe nei ʻo Douban ma ke ʻano he paena pūnaewele a me kahi hui pūnaewele no nā mea hoʻohana makemake i nā puke/kiʻiʻoniʻoni/mele/art/culture/lifestyle—e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻōlelo paipai e pili ana i ko lākou makemake. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.douban.com/ 6.Bilibili(哔哩哔哩): Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Bilibili e pili ana i nā mea pili i ka animation me ka anime, manga, a me nā pāʻani. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻouka, kaʻana like, a me ka manaʻo ma nā wikiō i ka wā e launa pū ana me ke kaiāulu. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.bilibili.com/ 7. XiaoHongShu (小红书): Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "Little Red Book," e hui pū ana kēia paepae i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele me ka e-commerce. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻouna i nā manaʻo a i ʻole nā loiloi e pili ana i nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā brand fashion, nā wahi huakaʻi ʻoiai ke loaʻa nei ke koho e kūʻai pololei i nā huahana i loko o ka app. Paena pūnaewele: https://www.xiaohongshu.com/ He liʻiliʻi wale nō kēia o ka nui o nā pūnaewele media i loaʻa ma Kina. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia paepae i nā kumu like ʻole a loaʻa i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa e mālama ana i nā mea hoʻolohe like ʻole a me nā makemake.

ʻO nā hui ʻoihana nui

He nui nā hui ʻoihana ʻo Kina e hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Eia kekahi o nā hui ʻoihana nui o Kina me kā lākou mau pūnaewele. 1. China Federation of Industrial Economics (CFIE) - He hui koʻikoʻi ka CFIE e hōʻike ana i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ma Kina. Paena pūnaewele: http://www.cfie.org.cn/e/ 2. All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) - Hōʻike ka ACFIC i nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia e ka lehulehu ma nā ʻoihana āpau. Paena pūnaewele: http://www.acfic.org.cn/ 3. Hui Kina no ka ʻepekema a me ʻenehana (CAST) - CAST manaʻo e paipai i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ka ʻenehana hou, a me ka hui naʻauao. Paena pūnaewele: http://www.cast.org.cn/english/index.html 4. China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) - Hana ʻo CCPIT i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kālepa honua, hoʻopukapuka kālā, a me ka launa pū ʻana o ka waiwai. Paena pūnaewele: http://en.ccpit.org/ 5. ʻAhahui Panakō Kina (CBA) - ʻO CBA ka ʻāpana panakō ma Kina, me nā panakō kalepa, nā panakō kulekele, a me nā ʻoihana kālā ʻē aʻe. Paena pūnaewele: https://eng.cbapc.net.cn/ 6. Chinese Institute of Electronics (CIE) - He hui ʻoihana ʻo CIE e kālele ana i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana uila. Paena pūnaewele: http://english.cie-info.org/cn/index.aspx 7. Hui Pūʻulu ʻEnekinia Kina (CMES) - Hoʻolaha ʻo CMES i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenekinia mīkini ma o nā hana noiʻi a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike ma waena o nā ʻoihana. Paena pūnaewele: https://en.cmestr.net/ 8. Hui Kemimi Kina (CCS) - Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻo CCS i ka holomua ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema kemika, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka hoʻololi ʻenehana, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hui like ʻana o ka honua i loko o ka ʻoihana kemika. Paena pūnaewele: https://en.skuup.com/org/chinese-chemical-society/1967509d0ec29660170ef90e055e321b 9.China Iron & Steel Association (CISA) - ʻO CISA ka leo o ka ʻoihana hao a me ke kila ma Kina, e hoʻoponopono ana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hana ʻana, kālepa, a me nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni. Paena pūnaewele: http://en.chinaisa.org.cn/ 10. Hui Kūkaʻikaʻi Kina (CTA) - ʻO CTA ke pani a kākoʻo i nā mea like ʻole i ka ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi, e hāʻawi ana i kāna hoʻomohala hoʻomau. Paena pūnaewele: http://cta.cnta.gov.cn/en/index.html He mau laʻana wale nō kēia o nā hui ʻoihana nui o Kina, e uhi ana i nā ʻāpana e like me ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, kālepa a me ka hoʻolaha kālepa, ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, panakō a me ke kālā, ʻenekinia uila, ʻenekinia mīkini, nā hui kākoʻo noiʻi kemika.

Nā pūnaewele pāʻoihana a kālepa

ʻO Kina, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi o ka honua, he nui nā pūnaewele waiwai a me nā kālepa e hoʻolako i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana. Eia kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi me kā lākou mau helu wahi pūnaewele: 1. ʻO Alibaba Group (www.alibaba.com): ʻO kēia kahi hui multinational kūikawā i ka e-commerce, ke kūʻai aku, nā lawelawe pūnaewele, a me ka ʻenehana. Hāʻawi ia i kahi kahua no nā ʻoihana e hoʻopili i ka honua. 2. Made-in-China.com (www.made-in-china.com): He papa kuhikuhi pāʻoihana pūnaewele e hoʻopili ana i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻolako mai Kina ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole e like me ka hana ʻana, textiles, electronics, a me nā mea hou aku. 3. Nā Punawai honua (www.globalsources.com): He kahua kūʻai pūnaewele B2B e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kālepa ma waena o nā mea kūʻai honua a me nā mea hoʻolako Kina. Hoʻopili ia i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole e like me nā mea uila uila, mīkini, lole, etc. 4. Tradewheel (www.tradewheel.com): He kahua kālepa honua e kālele ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea lawe mai i ka honua holoʻokoʻa me nā mea hana Kina hilinaʻi a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole me nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā huahana mālama ola, nā mea hoʻopili. 5. DHgate (www.dhgate.com): He punaewele e-kālepa e lawelawe ana i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi e ʻimi ana i nā huahana kūʻai nui ma nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū mai nā mea kūʻai aku ma Kina ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā mea hana a me nā lole. 6. Canton Fair - China Import & Export Fair (www.cantonfair.org.cn/en/): ʻOiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻoihana kālepa nui loa i mālama ʻia i ʻelua makahiki ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Guangzhou e hōʻike ana i nā huahana mea hana Kina he nui ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole e like me nā lako uila; mea paahana; nā mea hoʻonani hale; etc., hāʻawi kēia pūnaewele i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka papa hana a me nā kikoʻī o ka mea hōʻike. 7.TradeKeyChina(https://en.tradekeychina.cn/): He mea hoʻolaha ia ma waena o nā mea kūʻai honua a me nā mea hoʻolako Kina ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ākea o nā papa inoa huahana e pili ana i nā lole lole lole mīkini ʻāpana ʻāpana kemika uila lako meaʻai nā lako lako makana. ʻāpana mīkini minelala metala paʻi mea paʻi haʻuki waiwai leʻaleʻa kelepona kelepona mea pāʻani kaʻa kaʻa. He waiwai waiwai kēia mau pūnaewele no nā poʻe a me nā hui e ʻimi nei e komo i ka ʻoihana a i ʻole kālepa me Kina. Hāʻawi lākou i nā papa inoa huahana piha, ka ʻike mea kūʻai aku, nā hōʻike hōʻikeʻike kālepa, a me nā mea hana like ʻole e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka kamaʻilio a me nā kālepa ma waena o nā ʻoihana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Nā pūnaewele nīnau ʻikepili kālepa

Aia kekahi mau pūnaewele nīnau noiʻi kālepa i loaʻa no Kina. Eia ka papa inoa o kekahi mau mea nui me kā lākou mau wahi pūnaewele: 1. Nā Kūʻai Kūʻē Kina (Hoʻoponopono Nui o nā Dute): https://www.customs.gov.cn/ 2. Ka Mea Hoʻokele Kalepa honua: https://www.globaltradetracker.com/ 3. ʻIke Kūʻai Kūʻai a me ka Pūnaehana ʻIke Kuikahi: http://q.mep.gov.cn/gzxx/English/index.htm 4. ʻIkepili Hoʻokomo Pākē (CEID): http://www.ceid.gov.cn/english/ 5. Chinaimportexport.org: http://chinaimportexport.org/ 6. Pūnaehana ʻIkepili Kalepa honua ʻo Alibaba: https://sts.alibaba.com/en_US/service/i18n/queryDownloadTradeData.htm 7. ETCN (China National Import-Export Commodity Net): http://english.etomc.com/ 8. HKTDC Research: https://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X04JWL9/market-reports/market-insights-on-china-and-global-trade He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he ʻokoʻa paha ka loaʻa a me ka pololei o ka ʻikepili ma waena o kēia mau pūnaewele, no laila pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻike mai nā kumu he nui no nā hopena hilinaʻi.

Nā paepae B2b

Ua kaulana ʻo Kina no kāna mau kahua B2B holomua e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kālepa ʻoihana ma waena o nā ʻoihana. Eia kekahi mau paepae kaulana me kā lākou mau pūnaewele ponoʻī: 1. Alibaba (www.alibaba.com): Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1999, ʻo Alibaba kekahi o nā kahua B2B nui loa o ka honua e hoʻopili ana i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kūʻai aku mai ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hāʻawi ia i kahi ākea o nā huahana a me nā lawelawe, me Alibaba.com no ke kālepa honua. 2. Global Sources (www.globalsources.com): Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1971, hoʻopili ʻo Global Sources i nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me nā mea hoʻolako mai Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Asia. Hāʻawi ia i nā hoʻonā ʻana no nā ʻoihana like ʻole, nā hōʻikeʻike, a me nā mākeke pūnaewele. 3. Made-in-China (www.made-in-china.com): Hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1998, hana ʻo Made-in-China i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea kūʻai honua me nā mea hana Kina a me nā mea hoʻolako ma nā ʻoihana lehulehu. Hāʻawi ia i kahi papa kuhikuhi piha o nā huahana me nā hopena sourcing maʻamau. 4. DHgate (www.dhgate.com): ʻO DHgate kahi kahua e-commerce kūikawā i ke kālepa palena palena ma waena o nā mea kūʻai aku Kina a me nā mea kūʻai honua mai kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana i ka makahiki 2004. Hāʻawi ia i ka nui o nā huahana i nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū. 5. EC21 (china.ec21.com): Hana ʻo EC21 ma ke ʻano he mākeke B2B honua e ʻae ana i nā ʻoihana e hoʻopili i ka honua no nā kumu kālepa mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana i ka makahiki 2000. Ma o EC21 Kina, hāʻawi ʻia ka manaʻo kikoʻī i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pilina kalepa ma loko o ka mākeke o Kina. 6.Alibaba Group nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe: Ma waho aʻe o Alibaba.com i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hana ka hui i nā ʻano B2B ʻē aʻe e like me AliExpress - e pili ana i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi; Taobao - kālele ana i ka ʻoihana kūloko; Tmall - ka nānā ʻana i nā huahana branded; a me Cainiao Network - hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā hoʻonā logistic. He mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi kēia ma waena o nā paepae B2B e hana nei i loko o ka ʻāina kikohoʻe o Kina i kēia lā.