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Chidule cha Dziko
Ndalama Yadziko
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Tchuthi Zofunika
Mkhalidwe Wamalonda Akunja
Kukula Kwa Msika
Zogulitsa zotentha pamsika
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Mfundo zamisonkho zochokera kunja
Mfundo zamisonkho zotumiza kunja
Zitsimikizo zofunika kutumiza kunja
Analimbikitsa mayendedwe
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China, yomwe imadziwika kuti People's Republic of China, ndi dziko lalikulu lomwe lili ku East Asia. Ndi anthu opitilira 1.4 biliyoni, ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Likulu lake ndi Beijing. Dziko la China lili ndi mbiri yabwino kuyambira zaka masauzande ambiri ndipo limatengedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa mayiko akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Yathandiza kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga filosofi, sayansi, zaluso, ndi zolemba. Pankhani ya geography, China imazungulira malo osiyanasiyana kuyambira mapiri ndi mapiri mpaka zipululu ndi zigwa za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Dzikoli limagawana malire ndi mayiko 14 oyandikana nawo, kuphatikiza Russia, India, ndi North Korea. Monga gwero lalikulu lazachuma, China yakula mwachangu kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsa zosintha zokhudzana ndi msika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970. Tsopano ndi chuma chachiwiri pachuma padziko lonse lapansi mwadzina kuti GDP ndipo imatsogolera m'mafakitale angapo monga kupanga ndiukadaulo. Boma la China likutsatira ndondomeko ya ndale ya Socialist motsogozedwa ndi Communist Party of China (CPC). Imalamulira magawo akuluakulu azachuma komanso yatsegula mwayi wopeza ndalama zakunja ndi mgwirizano wamalonda. Chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina chimaphatikiza miyambo yozika mizu mu Confucianism komanso kuphatikiza zinthu zochokera ku Buddhism ndi Taoism. Cholowa chachikhalidwechi chimatha kuwonedwa kudzera muzakudya zake - zodziwika padziko lonse lapansi pazakudya monga zophika ndi bakha waku Peking - komanso zaluso zamakhalidwe monga calligraphy, penti, opera, masewera a karati (Kung Fu), ndi miyambo ya tiyi yaku China. China ikukumana ndi zovuta monga kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mafakitale komanso kusiyana kwachuma pakati pa madera akumidzi omwe ali otukuka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi madera akumidzi. Komabe, zoyesayesa za boma zikupanga zolinga zachitukuko chokhazikika poyang'ana mapulani osinthira magetsi obiriwira. M'zaka zaposachedwa motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Xi Jinping (kuyambira 2013), China yakhala ikutsata njira monga Belt & Road Initiative yopititsa patsogolo kulumikizana ndi maiko ena m'njira zamalonda zakale pomwe ikuwonetsanso mphamvu zake pamapulatifomu apadziko lonse lapansi ngati United Nations. Ponseponse, kuphatikiza mbiri yakale, kusiyanasiyana kwazikhalidwe, komanso mphamvu zachuma, China ili ndi gawo lalikulu pakukonza zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ikupitilizabe kupita patsogolo pakutukuka kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Ndalama yaku China imadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Renminbi (RMB) ngati ndalama zake zovomerezeka. Gawo la akaunti ya RMB ndi Yuan, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayimiriridwa ndi CNY kapena RMB m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi. Banki ya People's Bank of China (PBOC) ili ndi mphamvu pakupereka ndi kuyang'anira ndondomeko ya ndalama za dziko. Renminbi yakhala ikumasulidwa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi, kulola kuti mayiko ambiri azitha kusintha komanso kusinthasintha kwakusinthana kwake. Mu 2005, dziko la China linakhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyendetsera ndalama zoyandama, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa Yuan ndi ndalama zambiri osati USD. Kusunthaku cholinga chake chinali kuchepetsa kudalira USD ndikulimbikitsa bata mu malonda akunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira chaka cha 2016, dziko la China lakhala likuchitapo kanthu kuti liphatikizepo ndalama zake mudengu la International Monetary Fund (IMF) Special Drawing Rights (SDR) pamodzi ndi ndalama zazikulu monga USD, GBP, EUR, ndi JPY. Kuphatikizikaku kukuwonetsa kufunikira kwachuma kwa China padziko lonse lapansi. Ponena za kayendetsedwe ka kusinthana, ngakhale pali zoletsa zina zoyendetsera ndalama kulowa ndi kutuluka ku China chifukwa chowongolera ndalama zomwe akuluakulu aku China akukhudzidwa ndi kukhazikika kwachuma komanso kuthekera koyendetsa chuma chambiri; khama lapangidwa kuti limasulidwe pang'onopang'ono. Kuwongolera kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe kake kazachuma ndikuwongolera ndondomeko yandalama mogwira mtima pambuyo pokonzanso zoletsa za chiwongola dzanja zoperekedwa ndi mabanki amalonda mu 2013 izi zisanachitike chiwongola dzanja chonse chidakhazikitsidwa ndi PBOC tsopano ali pansi pakusintha pomwe Systemically Important Foreign -Mabanki omwe ali ndi ndalama amapeza ufulu wochulukirapo pankhani ya ndalama za yuan zokhudzana ndi ntchito zawo mkati mwa Mainland China Komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zakhazikitsidwa pakusintha kokhudzana ndi msika, kuphatikiza kukonza msika wamisika yakunja ndikupereka zida zambiri zowongolera zoopsa / zotchingira m'njira zololedwa kupatula njira zina zopumulira zomwe zimalola kutembenuka kwachindunji pakati pa yuan ndi zinthu zoyenerera zololedwa. pazandalama zodutsa malire kapena mabizinesi omwe akuthandiziranso kuti Renminbi apite patsogolo kumayiko ena. Ponseponse, zinthu zandalama zaku China zikusintha nthawi zonse pomwe dzikolo likutsegulanso misika yake yazachuma, likulimbana ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndalama zakunja, ndikupitiliza kuyesetsa kubweretsa Renminbi padziko lonse lapansi.

Ndalama yaku China ndi Yuan yaku China, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Renminbi (RMB). Ponena za mitengo yosinthira ndalama zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi, chonde dziwani kuti ziwerengerozi zimatha kusiyana ndipo ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mitengo yamisika yamakono. Nazi zitsanzo za pafupifupi mitengo yosinthira: 1 USD (United States Dollar) ≈ 6.40-6.50 CNY 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 7.70-7.80 CNY 1 GBP (Mapaundi aku Britain) ≈ 8.80-9.00 CNY 1 JPY (Yen waku Japan) ≈ 0.06-0.07 CNY 1 AUD (Australia Dollar) ≈ 4.60-4.70 CNY Chonde dziwani kuti zikhalidwezi ndi zongoyerekeza ndipo zimatha kusintha chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamsika wosinthira ndalama zakunja monga momwe zinthu ziliri pazachuma, ndale, ndi zina.

China ili ndi zikondwerero zingapo zofunika zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimasonyeza chikhalidwe chake cholemera ndi miyambo. Chimodzi mwa zikondwerero zofunika kwambiri ku China ndi Chikondwerero cha Spring, chomwe chimatchedwanso Chaka Chatsopano cha China. Chikondwererochi chimakondweretsedwa ndi chisangalalo chachikulu ndipo chimasonyeza chiyambi cha chaka chatsopano choyendera mwezi. Chaka Chatsopano cha China nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa kumapeto kwa Januware ndi koyambirira kwa February ndipo chimatenga masiku khumi ndi asanu. Panthawi imeneyi, anthu amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kusonkhana kwa mabanja, kudya chakudya chokoma, kupatsana maenvulopu ofiira okhala ndi ndalama, kuyatsa moto, komanso kuonera magule a zinjoka. Chikondwerero china chachikulu ku China ndi Chikondwerero cha Mid-Autumn, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Chikondwerero cha Mwezi. Phwando limeneli limachitika pa tsiku la 15 la mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu (nthawi zambiri mu September kapena October) pamene mwezi uli wokwanira. Anthu amakondwerera popereka ma mooncakes kwa mabanja ndi abwenzi pomwe akusangalala ndi zochitika zakunja monga ziwonetsero za nyali. Tchuthi cha National Day ndi chochitika china chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakumbukira kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko la China lamakono pa October 1, 1949. Patchuthi cha mlungu umodzi chotchedwa Golden Week (October 1-7), anthu amapita kutchuthi kapena kukaona malo otchuka odzaona malo ku China kukakondwerera. kunyada kwadziko. Kupatula zikondwerero zazikuluzikuluzi, pali zikondwerero zina zodziwika bwino monga Qingming Phwando (Tsiku Losesa Manda), Chikondwerero cha Boti la Dragon (Duanwu), Chikondwerero cha Lantern (Yuanxiao), pakati pa ena. Zikondwererozi zimasonyeza mbali zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina monga zikhulupiriro za Confucian kapena miyambo yaulimi. Pomaliza, China ili ndi zikondwerero zambiri zofunika zomwe zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chakuya kwa anthu ake. Zochitikazi zimabweretsa mabanja pamodzi, zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa nzika patchuthi cha dziko monga National Day Golden Week ndikupereka mwayi kwa aliyense kuchita miyambo ndi miyambo yakale chaka chonse.

China, yomwe imadziwika kuti People's Republic of China (PRC), ndiyomwe imasewera kwambiri pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Chatuluka mwachangu ngati chotumiza kunja kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso chachiwiri pakukula kwa katundu kunja. Gawo lazamalonda ku China lakhala likukula modabwitsa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, makamaka chifukwa cha luso lake lopanga zinthu komanso ntchito zotsika mtengo. Dzikoli ladzisintha kukhala chuma chokonda kugulitsa kunja, chomwe chakhazikika popanga zinthu zambiri zogula, zamagetsi, makina, nsalu, ndi zina zambiri. Pankhani yotumiza kunja, China imatumiza zinthu zake pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Othandizana nawo akuluakulu amalonda akuphatikiza United States, mayiko a European Union monga Germany ndi France, mayiko a ASEAN monga Japan ndi South Korea. Misika iyi imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lazogulitsa kunja kwa China. Kumbali yotumiza kunja, dziko la China likudalira kwambiri zinthu monga mafuta, chitsulo, mkuwa, soya kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zamakampani zomwe zikukula. Ogulitsa akuluakulu ndi mayiko monga Australia (yachitsulo), Saudi Arabia (yamafuta), Brazil (ya soya), ndi zina. Zotsalira zamalonda zaku China (kusiyana pakati pa zogulitsa kunja ndi zogulitsa kunja) zikadali zokulirapo koma zawonetsa kuchepa m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kukwera mtengo kwazinthu zopangira komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu ogulitsa kunyumba. Dzikoli likukumananso ndi zovuta monga mikangano yamalonda ndi mayiko ena zomwe zingakhudze momwe lingakhalire lamalonda. Boma la China lakhala likutsata mfundo zolimbikitsa malonda akunja kudzera munjira ngati Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa zomangamanga ndi mayiko omwe ali nawo m'zigawo za Asia-Europe-Africa. Pomaliza, China ikuwoneka kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa champhamvu zake zopanga zinthu pomwe ikugulitsa kunja komanso kutumiza kunja. Cholinga chake chofuna kuphatikiza chuma padziko lonse lapansi chikupitilira kudzera munjira zolimbikitsa mwayi wopezera ndalama zakunja kwa mabizinesi apakhomo pomwe ikulimbikitsa ubale wapakati ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.

China, monga dziko logulitsa kunja kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kotukula msika wake wamalonda wakunja. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko la China likhale ndi chiyembekezo cholimba m'derali. Choyamba, malo aku China amapatsa malo abwino ngati malo ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Ili ku East Asia, imagwira ntchito ngati khomo pakati pa misika ya Kumadzulo ndi Kum'mawa. Ukonde wake waukulu wamayendedwe, kuphatikiza madoko ndi njanji, umalola kugawa bwino katundu mkati ndi kunja. Kachiwiri, China ili ndi msika waukulu wogula ndi anthu opitilira 1.4 biliyoni. Kufuna kwapakhomo kumeneku kumapereka maziko abwino kwambiri pakukulitsa malonda akunja chifukwa kumapereka mwayi wazogulitsa kunja ndi kunja. Gulu lapakati lomwe likukula ku China likuwonetsa makasitomala omwe akukula omwe amafunitsitsa kugulitsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chachitatu, dziko la China layesetsa kwambiri kukonza bizinesi yake pokhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira ndi kumasula. Zochita monga Belt and Road Initiative zapanga njira zatsopano zachuma zolumikiza Asia ndi Europe ndi Africa, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ntchito zomangamangazi. Kuphatikiza apo, China ili ndi zinthu zambiri monga antchito aluso pamitengo yopikisana yomwe imakopa makampani akunja omwe akufuna kutulutsa njira zawo zopangira kapena kukhazikitsa maziko opangira mdziko muno. Kuthekera kwake kwaukadaulo kumapangitsanso kukhala kosangalatsa kopita kwa mafakitale omwe akufuna mgwirizano kapena mwayi wopeza ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi aku China akhala akugwira ntchito mokulira kukulitsa kupezeka kwawo padziko lonse lapansi kudzera m'mabizinesi akunja kapena kugula. Izi zikuwonetsa chikhumbo chawo chofuna kulowa m'misika yatsopano pomwe akupereka mwayi kwa omwe angakhale nawo mwayi wopeza msika waku China kudzera mumgwirizano kapena mgwirizano. Pomaliza, msika wamalonda wakunja waku China ukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kuchita bwino chifukwa cha malo ake abwino, kuchuluka kwa ogula m'nyumba, zosintha mabizinesi zomwe zikuchitika komanso chuma chambiri chomwe chili m'malire ake. Zinthu izi palimodzi zimapereka kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi omwe akufuna kufufuza mwayi pamsika wamakono wakukula kwakukulu.

Pankhani yosankha zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika wakunja waku China, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira. Nazi malingaliro amomwe mungasankhire zinthu izi: 1. Kafukufuku wamsika: Yambani ndikuchita kafukufuku wamsika kuti muzindikire zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso zomwe mukufuna pazamalonda aku China. Unikani zomwe ogula akonda komanso njira zogulira, kulabadira mafakitale omwe akubwera komanso magulu azogulitsa omwe akuwonetsa kuthekera. 2. Unikani mpikisano: Yang'anani mosamalitsa zomwe opikisana nawo akupereka pamsika waku China. Dziwani mipata kapena malo omwe mungasiyanitse malonda anu ndi omwe alipo kale. Kusanthula uku kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa kuti ndi mitundu iti yazinthu zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri komanso komwe kuli malo olowera atsopano. 3. Mvetserani zokonda zachikhalidwe: Dziwani kuti dziko la China lili ndi zomwe amakonda komanso machitidwe ogula. Lingalirani zosintha kapena kusintha zomwe mwasankha kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe mumakonda, zikhalidwe, ndi miyambo yakudera lanu. 4. Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino: Ogula aku China akuwonjezera mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso wodalirika. Samalirani njira zotsimikizira zamtundu wazinthu monga ziphaso zazinthu, miyezo yachitetezo, zosankha zawaranti, ndi zina zambiri, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa zikukwaniritsa kapena kupitilira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. 5. Kuthekera kwa malonda a e-commerce: Ndi kukula kwachangu kwa malonda a e-commerce ku China, ikani patsogolo kusankha zinthu zomwe zitha kugulidwa bwino pa intaneti komanso zotsatsa kunja kwa intaneti. 6.Supply chain chain: Yang'anirani kuthekera kopeza zinthu zosankhidwa bwino mkati mwamaneti anu ogulitsa ndikusunga mitengo yampikisano popanda kuphwanya miyezo yapamwamba. 7.Zisankho zokhazikika kapena zokomera zachilengedwe: Pamene chidziwitso cha chilengedwe chikukulirakulira pakati pa ogula aku China, lingalirani zophatikizira njira zokhazikika pakusankha zinthu zanu popereka zosankha zokomera zachilengedwe kulikonse komwe zingatheke. 8.Kuyesa kwa msika & kusinthasintha: Musanapereke mokwanira zothandizira kupanga kapena kugula zinthu zambiri, yesetsani kuyesa msika wochepa pamlingo wocheperako (mwachitsanzo, mapulojekiti oyendetsa ndege) ndi mankhwala osankhidwa mosamala omwe amaimira magulu osiyanasiyana mkati mwa kusakaniza kwanu komwe mungathe. Poganizira zinthu izi posanthula msika komanso njira zopangira zisankho motsogozedwa ndi kafukufuku, mabizinesi oyenerera atha kuwonjezera mwayi wawo wosankha zinthu zomwe zikugulitsidwa pamsika wakunja waku China ndikuchita bwino pamsika waukulu komanso wopindulitsa.

China ndi dziko lalikulu komanso losiyanasiyana lomwe lili ndi mikhalidwe yapadera ikafika pamachitidwe a kasitomala. Kumvetsetsa izi ndi zoletsedwa kungathandize kwambiri kukhazikitsa maubwenzi opambana abizinesi: Makhalidwe a Makasitomala: 1. Kugogomezera kwambiri maunansi aumwini: Makasitomala aku China amalemekeza kukhulupirirana ndi kukhulupirika, nthawi zambiri amakonda kuchita bizinesi ndi anthu omwe amawadziwa kapena omwe alimbikitsidwa kwa iwo. 2. Kufunika kwa nkhope: Kusunga chithunzi ndi mbiri yabwino ndikofunikira m'chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina. Makasitomala atha kuchita zambiri kuti adzisungire nkhope zawo kapena mabizinesi awo. 3. Kuganizira zamtengo wapatali: Ngakhale kuti makasitomala aku China amayamikira ubwino, amakhalanso osasamala mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunafuna mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa ndalama zawo. 4. Kuchulukitsidwa kwapaintaneti: Ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja, makasitomala aku China ndi okonda kugula pa intaneti omwe amafufuza mozama zamalonda ndikuwerenga ndemanga za makasitomala asanapange zosankha. Zoletsa Makasitomala: 1. Pewani kutaya nkhope: Osadzudzula kapena kuchititsa manyazi kasitomala wa ku China pagulu, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kutayika kwa nkhope komwe kumalemekezedwa kwambiri pachikhalidwe. 2. Mphatso ziyenera kukhala zoyenerera: Khalani osamala popereka mphatso, chifukwa machitidwe osayenera angawoneke molakwika kapena mosaloledwa chifukwa cha malamulo oletsa ziphuphu. 3. Lemekezani utsogoleri ndi zaka: Onetsani ulemu kwa akuluakulu m'gulu mwa kulankhula ndi achikulire poyamba pamisonkhano kapena pokambirana. 4. Zizindikiro zosagwiritsa ntchito mawu ndizofunika: Samalani ku mawu osagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga chilankhulidwe cha thupi, kamvekedwe ka mawu, ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope popeza ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu mukulankhulana kwa China. Pomvetsetsa mawonekedwe amakasitomala komanso kupewa zosokoneza pochita bizinesi ku China, makampani amatha kupanga ubale wolimba ndi anzawo aku China zomwe zimatsogolera ku mgwirizano wopambana ndikuwonjezera mwayi wogulitsa.

Dziko la China lili ndi dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka kasitomu lomwe limayang'anira kayendetsedwe ka katundu kudutsa malire ake. Akuluakulu azamalamulo akhazikitsa njira ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana kuti awonetsetse kuti malonda akuyenda bwino komanso kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko komanso zokonda zachuma. Nazi zina mwazinthu zazikulu zamakasitomala waku China komanso zinthu zofunika kuzikumbukira: 1. Kayendesedwe ka Forodha: Munthu aliyense kapena kampani imene ikutumiza kapena kutumiza katundu kunja ikuyenera kutsata ndondomeko za kasitomu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulemba zikalata zofunika, kulipira ntchito ndi misonkho, komanso kutsatira malamulo oyenerera. 2. Zilengezo za Forodha: Onse otumiza kunja ndi ogulitsa kunja akuyenera kupereka zidziwitso zolondola komanso zathunthu zomwe zimapereka zambiri zamtundu wa katunduyo, mtengo wake, kuchuluka kwake, chiyambi, komwe akupita, ndi zina. 3. Ntchito ndi Misonkho: Dziko la China limaika msonkho pa katundu wochokera kunja kutengera gulu lawo malinga ndi Harmonized System (HS) Code. Kuphatikiza apo, msonkho wamtengo wapatali (VAT) umaperekedwa pazinthu zambiri zotumizidwa kunja pamtengo wokhazikika wa 13%. 4. Katundu Woletsedwa ndi Woletsedwa: Zinthu zina ndizoletsedwa kapena zoletsedwa kutumizidwa kunja kapena kutumizidwa kunja chifukwa cha chitetezo kapena zoletsa zamalamulo. Izi zikuphatikiza mankhwala oledzeretsa, zida, zinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, zinthu zabodza, ndi zina. 5. Ufulu Wachidziwitso Chachidziwitso (IPR): China imawona chitetezo chaluntha m'malire ake. Kulowetsa zinthu zachinyengo kungayambitse zilango monga kulanda katundu kapena chindapusa. 6. Kuyang'ana Katundu Wakatundu: Kuti awonetsetse kuti malamulo ndi malamulo akutsatira, oyang'anira za kasitomu ali ndi ufulu kuyang'ana zotumizidwa mwachisawawa kapena akakayikira kuti zaphwanya. 7.Zilolezo Zapaulendo: Mukalowa ku China ngati munthu wapaulendo wopanda zolinga zamalonda, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamunthu monga zovala, mankhwala akhoza kubweretsedwa popanda kulipira ntchito. Koma pakhoza kukhala malire pazinthu zamtengo wapatali monga zida zamagetsi, zodzikongoletsera, ndi mowa, kupewa zolinga zotheka kuzembetsa. Ndikoyenera nthawi zonse kwa anthu omwe akupita kumayiko ena kuti adziwe zofunikira za miyambo ya dziko lomwe mukupita. Kulephera kutsatira malamulo aku China kungayambitse chindapusa, kuchedwa, kapena kulandidwa katundu.

Dziko la China lakhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyendetsera misonkho ya zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja kwa dzikolo. Misonkho yochokera kunja imaperekedwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a katundu ndipo imagwira ntchito zingapo monga kuteteza mafakitale apakhomo, kuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka malonda, ndi kupezera ndalama zaboma. Ntchito zolowa kunja ku China zimachokera ku Customs Tariff Implementation Plan, yomwe imayika zinthu m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Misonkho iyi yagawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: mitengo yanthawi zonse ndi mitengo yosankhidwa. Mitengo yambiri imagwira ntchito kuzinthu zambiri zogulitsa kunja pomwe mitengo yabwino imaperekedwa kumayiko omwe China idakhazikitsa nawo mgwirizano wamalonda. Kapangidwe ka ntchito yotengera kunja kumakhala ndi magawo angapo kuyambira 0% mpaka 100%. Zinthu zofunika monga chakudya, zida zoyambira, ndi zida zina zaukadaulo zimapeza mitengo yotsika kapena ziro. Kumbali ina, katundu wamtengo wapatali ndi zinthu zomwe zingawononge chitetezo cha dziko kapena thanzi la anthu zikhoza kupatsidwa ndalama zambiri. China imagwiritsanso ntchito msonkho wamtengo wapatali (VAT) pa katundu wotumizidwa kunja pa mlingo wa 13%. VAT imawerengeredwa kutengera kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja kuphatikiza ndalama za kasitomu (ngati zilipo), mtengo wamayendedwe, chindapusa cha inshuwaransi, ndi ndalama zina zilizonse zomwe zimachitika potumiza. Kuonjezera apo, pali zokhululukidwa kapena zochepetsera zomwe zilipo pamagulu enaake monga zinthu zokhudzana ndi ulimi, maphunziro, kafukufuku wasayansi, mapulogalamu osinthira zikhalidwe kapena ntchito zothandizira anthu. Ndikofunikira kuti ogulitsa kunja atsatire malamulo a China okhudza kulengeza kwa kasitomu molondola. Kulephera kutero kungachititse kuti alandire chilango kapena kulandidwa katundu. Mwachidule, mfundo za ku China za ntchito yotengera zinthu kuchokera kunja zikufuna kuteteza mafakitale apakhomo komanso kulinganiza mgwirizano wamalonda wapadziko lonse lapansi. Imawonetsetsa kuti pali mpikisano wachilungamo pakati pa opanga m'deralo poletsa kugulitsa kunja komwe kungasokoneze kupikisana kwawo.

Dziko la China lakhazikitsa ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana zamisonkho zogulitsa kunja kuti ziyendetse bwino malonda ake otumiza kunja ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zachuma. Dzikoli likutenga dongosolo la msonkho wamtengo wapatali (VAT) pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Pazamalonda wamba, mfundo yobwezera VAT yotumiza kunja imalola ogulitsa kunja kubweza VAT yomwe idaperekedwa paziwiya, zida, ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira komanso kukulitsa mpikisano m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mitengo yobwezeredwayo imasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wazinthu, ndi mitengo yokwera yoperekedwa ku zinthu monga zovala, nsalu, ndi zamagetsi. Komabe, zinthu zina siziyenera kubwezeredwa kubwezeredwa kwa VAT kapena mwina zachepetsa mitengo yobweza chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe kapena malamulo aboma. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kapena zinthu zoipitsa kwambiri zitha kukumana ndi misonkho yowonjezereka ngati njira yolimbikitsira machitidwe okhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, China imakhazikitsanso ntchito zotumiza kunja pazinthu zina monga zitsulo, malasha, mchere wosowa padziko lapansi, ndi zinthu zina zaulimi. Cholinga chake ndikuyang'anira ntchito zapakhomo ndikusunga bata m'mafakitalewa. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko la China lakhazikitsa Free Trade Zones (FTZs) pomwe mfundo za misonkho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana poyerekeza ndi zigawo zina za dzikolo. Ma FTZ amapereka misonkho kapena kusakhululukidwa kumafakitale ena pofuna kukopa anthu akunja ndi kulimbikitsa malonda a mayiko. Ndikofunikira kuti ogulitsa kunja ku China adzidziwitse zakusintha kwa mfundo zamisonkho chifukwa zitha kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi boma kutengera zosowa zachuma komanso momwe zinthu ziliri padziko lonse lapansi. Pomaliza, wogwiritsa ntchito)+(s), njira yaku China pamisonkho yotumiza kunja ikufuna kuthandizira mafakitale apakhomo pomwe ikukhalabe ndi mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi kudzera mu kubwezeredwa kwa VAT kwa katundu wamba limodzi ndi ntchito zina zomwe zimaperekedwa pazinthu zina.

China, monga imodzi mwazachuma zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi, ili ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa bwino loperekera ziphaso zotumiza kunja. Dzikoli likumvetsetsa kufunikira kowonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zikukwaniritsa miyezo ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Njira yoperekera ziphaso ku China imaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira. Choyamba, ogulitsa katundu amayenera kupeza License Yotumiza Kutumiza kunja ndi akuluakulu aboma monga General Administration of Customs (GAC) kapena Unduna wa Zamalonda. Layisensiyi imawalola kuchita nawo ntchito zotumiza kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, ziphaso zapadera zazinthu zitha kukhala zofunikira kutengera mtundu wazinthu zomwe zikutumizidwa kunja. Mwachitsanzo, ngati akutumiza zakudya kunja, ogulitsa kunja akuyenera kutsatira malamulo oteteza zakudya omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe monga China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), omwe amapereka ziphaso zaukhondo potumiza chakudya kunja. Ogulitsa kunja akuyeneranso kutsatira miyezo yoyendetsera bwino yomwe imakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe ngati China Certification & Inspection Group (CCIC), yomwe imayendera zisanatumizidwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti zogulitsa zikukwaniritsa zofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, Satifiketi Yoyambira ingafunikire kutsimikizira kuti katundu amapangidwa kapena kupangidwa ku China. Satifiketiyi imatsimikizira kuti zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimachokera ku China ndikutsimikizira ngati zili zoyenera kuchita nawo mapangano amalonda kapena kutsitsa mitengo yamitengo pansi pa Mapangano a Ufulu Wamalonda (FTAs). Kuti ayende bwino m'njirazi, otumiza kunja ambiri amafunafuna thandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito yolemba mapepala ndi njira zokhudzana ndi certification. Othandizirawa ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza malamulo otumiza / kutumiza kunja ndipo atha kuthandizira kutsata zolembedwa zonse zofunika. Pomaliza, China imayika kufunikira kofunikira pa certification yotumiza kunja kuti iwonetsetse kuti katundu wake wotumizidwa kunja akukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kutsatira malangizo okhwima okhazikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu monga GAC ndikupeza ziphaso zokhudzana ndi zinthu monga kuvomera kwa CFDA kumathandizira kuti pakhale ubale wabwino wamalonda ndi mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi.

China, monga dziko lotukuka kwambiri pokhudzana ndi zomangamanga, limapereka ntchito zambiri zogwira mtima komanso zodalirika. Choyamba, pazosowa zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zotumizira katundu, makampani ngati Cosco Shipping Lines ndi China Shipping Group amapereka njira zabwino kwambiri. Makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito zombo zambirimbiri ndipo amapereka ntchito zambiri zonyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi maukonde awo olumikizidwa bwino a madoko ndi ogwira ntchito odzipereka, amawonetsetsa kutumizidwa munthawi yake komanso ntchito yabwino kwamakasitomala. Kachiwiri, zoyendera zapakhomo mkati mwa gawo lalikulu la China, pali makampani angapo odziwika bwino opanga zinthu. Kampani imodzi yotereyi ndi China Railways Corporation (CR), yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njanji zambiri zomwe zimazungulira pafupifupi mbali zonse za dziko. Wokhala ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba ngati masitima othamanga kwambiri, CR imatsimikizira kutumizidwa kotetezeka komanso mwachangu kuchokera mumzinda wina kupita wina. Kuphatikiza apo, pazosowa zonyamula katundu m'misewu mkati mwa China kapena kumayiko oyandikana nawo kudzera munjira zamtunda monga Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Sinotrans Limited imapereka ntchito zodalirika. Pokhala ndi magalimoto ambiri okhala ndi njira zotsatirira GPS komanso madalaivala odziwa bwino mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, Sinotrans imaonetsetsa mayendedwe abwino ngakhale kupita kumadera akutali. Kuphatikiza apo, zikafika pamayankho onyamula katundu ku China kapena padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku eyapoti yaku China monga Beijing Capital International Airport kapena Shanghai Pudong International Airport etc., Air China Cargo ikukhala yodalirika. Ndege iyi yapereka ndege zonyamula katundu zomwe zimayendetsa bwino katundu m'makontinenti onse kwinaku zikugwira ntchito motetezeka panthawi yonseyi. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito zoyendera zoperekedwa ndi makampani akuluakulu omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa; palinso njira yomwe ikubwera yopita ku nsanja za e-commerce zomwe zimagwira ntchito zawo. Makampani ngati JD.com amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde awo ogawa padziko lonse lapansi omwe amapereka ntchito zotumizira mwachangu pamsika waukulu waku China. Ponseponse, poganizira mbiri yapadziko lonse ya luso lake lopanga zinthu kuphatikiza ndi kukula kwachuma kwachangu; sizosadabwitsa kuti dziko la China lapanga dongosolo lazachilengedwe lothandizira zachilengedwe kuti likwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Kaya mukufuna njira zotumizira zapadziko lonse lapansi kapena njira zoyendetsera kasamalidwe kazinthu zapakhomo; Makampani osawerengeka opangira zinthu ku China ali okonzeka kutumikira ndi makina awo apamwamba kwambiri, maukonde ophatikizika, komanso kudzipereka pakukwaniritsa makasitomala.

Zowonetsa zamalonda zofunika

China ndi dziko lotukuka kwambiri lomwe lili ndi chuma chotukuka, chokopa ogula ndi osunga ndalama ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosiyanasiyana zogulira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso ziwonetsero zamalonda. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zogulira ku China ndi Canton Fair, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti China Import and Export Fair. Zimachitika kawiri pachaka ku Guangzhou ndikuwonetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochokera kumafakitale osiyanasiyana. Chiwonetserochi chimakopa ogula ochokera padziko lonse lapansi omwe akufunafuna zinthu zabwino pamitengo yopikisana. Njira ina yofunika kwambiri yopezera ndalama padziko lonse lapansi ndi Alibaba.com. Msika wapaintaneti uwu umagwirizanitsa ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndi ogulitsa ochokera ku China omwe amapereka zinthu zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Alibaba.com imalola mabizinesi kufunafuna zinthu zina, kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi opanga, kufananiza mitengo, ndikuyika maoda mosavuta. Kuphatikiza pa nsanja izi, palinso ziwonetsero zamalonda zapadera zomwe zimachitika ku China zomwe zimakopa ogula apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akufunafuna zinthu kapena ntchito zapadera. Mwachitsanzo: 1. Auto China: Chiwonetserochi chimachitika chaka chilichonse ku Beijing, ndi chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri zamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. Imawonetsa kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa pamagalimoto ndikukopa osewera otchuka ochokera kumisika yakunyumba ndi yakunja. 2. CIFF (China International Furniture Fair): Chiwonetserochi chomwe chimachitika kawiri pachaka ku Shanghai chimayang'ana kwambiri mafakitale opanga mipando ndi mipando. Amapereka mwayi wolumikizana ndi opanga, ogulitsa, ogulitsa, okonza mapulani, omanga, ndi zina zambiri, kufunafuna njira zatsopano zothetsera mipando. 3. PTC Asia (Power Transmission & Control): Chimachitika chaka chilichonse ku Shanghai kuyambira 1991, chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa zatsopano zamakina opanga zida zamagetsi monga magiya, ma bearing, ma motors & drives machitidwe omwe amakopa opanga mayiko omwe akufuna mgwirizano kapena ogulitsa kuchokera ku China. 4.Canton Kukongola Expo: Ndi chidwi pa zodzoladzola & kukongola gawo; chochitika chomwe chimachitika chaka chino chimapatsa makampani omwe akugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza odziwika bwino mwayi wowonetsa mizere yawo yaposachedwa yosamalira khungu kapena zosonkhanitsira tsitsi pomwe akulumikizana ndi ogawa / ogulitsa aku China omwe akufunafuna mabizinesi apadera. Kupatula izi zowonetsera zamalonda zodzipereka zimaperekedwa ku mafakitale ena; mizinda ikuluikulu monga Shanghai, Beijing, ndi Guangzhou nthawi zonse imakhala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamalonda zapadziko lonse lapansi, kulimbikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa opanga aku China ndi ogula apadziko lonse lapansi m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Kuwonekera kwa China ngati malo opangira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi mwachilengedwe kwapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosiyanasiyana zogulira ogula ochokera kumayiko ena omwe akufuna kupeza zinthu kapena kukhazikitsa mgwirizano. Mapulatifomuwa samangopereka mwayi wamalonda komanso amathandizira kulimbikitsa zatsopano, kusinthanitsa chidziwitso ndikumanga maubale okhalitsa abizinesi.

Makina osakira wamba

China, monga dziko lalikulu lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri komanso gawo laukadaulo lomwe likukula mwachangu, lapanga makina ake osakira otchuka. Nawa makina osakira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China limodzi ndi ma URL awo: 1. Baidu (www.baidu.com): Baidu ndiye injini yosakira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China, nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi Google malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso kutchuka. Imapereka masamba, zithunzi, makanema, nkhani, mamapu, ndi zina zambiri. 2. Sogou (www.sogou.com): Sogou ndi injini ina yayikulu yaku China yosakira yomwe imapereka masakidwe otengera zolemba komanso zithunzi. Imadziwika ndi mapulogalamu ake olowetsa chilankhulo komanso ntchito zomasulira. 3. 360 Search (www.so.com): Eni ake a Qihoo 360 Technology Co., Ltd., makina osakirawa amayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo cha pa intaneti pomwe akupereka magwiridwe antchito wamba. 4. Haosou (www.haosou.com): Imadziwikanso kuti "Haoso", Haosou imadziwonetsa ngati doko lathunthu lomwe limapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kusaka pa intaneti, kuphatikiza nkhani, kusaka mamapu, zosankha zogula ndi zina. 5. Shenma (sm.cn): Yopangidwa ndi gulu la Alibaba Group Holding Limited la UCWeb Inc., Shenma Search imayang'ana kwambiri kusaka kwam'manja mkati mwa Alibaba ecosystem. 6. Youdao (www.youdao.com): Mwini wake ndi NetEase Inc., Youdao imayang'ana kwambiri pakupereka ntchito zomasulira komanso imaphatikizanso kuthekera kosakasaka pa intaneti. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito makina osakira achi Chinawa kungafunike kumasulira pamanja kapena kuthandizidwa ndi womasulira wa Chimandarini ngati simukudziwa chilankhulo kapena zilembo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito patsambali.

Masamba akulu achikasu

China ndi dziko lalikulu lomwe lili ndi mabizinesi ambiri omwe amapereka ntchito ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Matsamba akulu achikasu ku China ndi awa: 1. China Yellow Pages (中国黄页) - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazolemba zamasamba achikasu chambiri ku China, zomwe zimakhudza mafakitale ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Webusaiti yawo ndi: www.chinayellowpage.net. 2. Chinese YP (中文黄页) - Chinese YP imapereka chikwatu cha mabizinesi omwe amatumikira anthu aku China padziko lonse lapansi. Itha kupezeka pa: www.chineseyellowpages.com. 3. 58.com (58同城) - Ngakhale si chikwatu cha masamba achikasu okha, 58.com ndi imodzi mwamasamba akulu kwambiri otsatsa pa intaneti ku China, okhala ndi mindandanda yazogulitsa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Webusaiti yawo ndi: www.en.58.com. 4. Baidu Maps (百度地图) - Mapu a Baidu samangopereka mamapu ndi mayendedwe oyenda komanso amapereka zambiri zamabizinesi mamiliyoni ambiri aku China, zomwe zimakhala ngati chikwatu chamasamba achikasu pa intaneti. Tsamba lawo likupezeka pa: map.baidu.com. 5. Sogou Yellow Pages (搜狗黄页) - Masamba a Sogou Yellow Pages amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza mabizinesi am'deralo potengera malo ndi gawo lamakampani mkati mwa China, kupereka zidziwitso zolumikizana ndi zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi bizinesi iliyonse. Mutha kuzipeza kudzera pa: huangye.sogou.com. 6.Telb2b Yellow Pages(电话簿网)- Telb2b imapereka nkhokwe zambiri zamakampani ochokera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana zaku China. Tsamba lawo lawebusayiti ndi: www.telb21.cn Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti masamba ena amatha kugwira ntchito mu Chimandarini cha China; komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matembenuzidwe achingerezi kapena zosankha zomasulira zomwe zingaperekedwe kwa ogwiritsa ntchito apadziko lonse lapansi kapena alendo omwe akufunafuna zambiri zamabizinesi kapena ntchito m'dzikolo.

Mapulatifomu akuluakulu azamalonda

China imadziwika chifukwa chakukula kwa bizinesi ya e-commerce yomwe imapereka nsanja zingapo zothandizira zosowa zosiyanasiyana za ogula. Ena mwa nsanja zazikulu za e-commerce ku China ndi awa: 1. Alibaba Group: Alibaba Group imagwiritsa ntchito nsanja zingapo zodziwika, kuphatikiza: - Taobao (淘宝): Pulatifomu ya ogula ndi ogula (C2C) yomwe imapereka zinthu zambiri. - Tmall (天猫): Pulatifomu yamalonda kwa ogula (B2C) yomwe ili ndi mayina amtundu. - Alibaba.com: Pulatifomu yapadziko lonse ya B2B yolumikiza ogula ndi ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Webusayiti: www.alibaba.com 2. JD.com: JD.com ndi amodzi mwa ogulitsa kwambiri pa intaneti a B2C ku China, omwe amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: www.jd.com 3. Pinduoduo (拼多多): Pinduoduo ndi nsanja ya e-commerce yomwe imalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana ndikugula zinthu pamitengo yotsika pogula gulu. Webusayiti: www.pinduoduo.com 4. Suning.com (苏宁易购): Suning.com ndi wogulitsa wamkulu wa B2C yemwe amapereka zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana, katundu wakunyumba, zodzoladzola, ndi zinthu zina zogula. Webusayiti: www.suning.com 5. Vipshop (唯品会): Vipshop imagwira ntchito pa malonda ang'onoang'ono ndipo imapereka mitengo yotsika pa zovala zodziwika bwino, zida, ndi katundu wakunyumba. Webusayiti: www.vipshop.com 6. Meituan-Dianping (美团点评): Meituan-Dianping idayamba ngati nsanja yogulira gulu pa intaneti koma yakula ndikupereka ntchito monga kutumiza chakudya, kusungitsa mahotelo, ndi kugula matikiti amakanema. Webusayiti: www.meituan.com/en/ 7. Xiaohongshu/RED (小红书): Xiaohongshu kapena RED ndi nsanja yapaintaneti yotsogola pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagawana ndemanga zamalonda, zokumana nazo paulendo, komanso maupangiri amoyo. Amagwiranso ntchito ngati malo ogulitsira. Webusayiti: www.xiaohongshu.com 8. Alibaba's Taobao Global (淘宝全球购): Taobao Global ndi nsanja yapadera mkati mwa Alibaba, yopereka mayankho amalonda odutsa malire kwa ogula apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akufuna kugula kuchokera ku China. Webusayiti: world.taobao.com Awa ndi ena mwa nsanja zazikuluzikulu za e-commerce ku China, ndipo amapatsa ogula njira yabwino yogulira zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuyambira pazamalonda mpaka pamagetsi ndi kupitirira apo.

Major social media nsanja

China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi malo osiyanasiyana ochezera a pa TV omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana. Mapulatifomu awa apeza kutchuka kwakukulu pakati pa nzika zake. Tiyeni tiwone ena mwama webusayiti akuluakulu aku China: 1. WeChat (微信): Yopangidwa ndi Tencent, WeChat ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu otumizirana mameseji otchuka ku China. Simangopereka mameseji ndi mauthenga amawu komanso mawonekedwe ngati Moments (zofanana ndi Facebook News Feed), mapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono, zolipira zam'manja, ndi zina zambiri. Webusayiti: https://web.wechat.com/ 2. Sina Weibo (新浪微博): Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Twitter waku China," Sina Weibo amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kutumiza mauthenga achidule kapena ma microblog, pamodzi ndi zithunzi ndi makanema. Yakhala nsanja yofunika kwambiri yosinthira nkhani, miseche ya anthu otchuka, zomwe zikuchitika, komanso zokambirana pamitu yosiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: https://weibo.com/ 3. Douyin/ TikTok (抖音): Imadziwika kuti Douyin ku China, pulogalamu yapavidiyo iyi ya TikTok kunja kwa China yadziwika padziko lonse lapansi posachedwa. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga ndikugawana makanema a masekondi 15 kukhala nyimbo kapena mawu. Webusayiti: https://www.douyin.com/about/ 4. QQ空间 (QZone): Eni ake ndi Tencent, QQ空间 ndi ofanana ndi bulogu yaumwini komwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusintha malo awo a intaneti ndi ma post abulogu, ma Albums a zithunzi, diaries pomwe akulumikizana ndi abwenzi kudzera pa meseji pompopompo. Webusayiti: http://qzone.qq.com/ 5. Douban (豆瓣): Douban imagwira ntchito ngati malo ochezera a pa Intaneti komanso malo ochezera a pa intaneti kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mabuku/mafilimu/nyimbo/zojambula/chikhalidwe/moyo-kumapereka malingaliro otengera zomwe amakonda. Webusayiti: https://www.douban.com/ 6.Bilibili(哔哩哔哩): Bilibili imayang'ana pazokhudza makanema ojambula kuphatikiza anime, manga, ndi masewera. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsitsa, kugawana, ndikuyika ndemanga pamakanema akamacheza ndi anthu. Webusayiti: https://www.bilibili.com/ 7. XiaoHongShu (小红书): Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Little Red Book," nsanjayi imaphatikiza malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi e-commerce. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutumiza malingaliro kapena ndemanga za zodzoladzola, mtundu wamafashoni, komwe amapita pomwe ali ndi mwayi wogula zinthu mwachindunji mu pulogalamuyi. Webusayiti: https://www.xiaohongshu.com/ Awa ndi ena mwa malo ochezera a pa TV omwe amapezeka ku China. Pulatifomu iliyonse imakhala ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera omwe amapereka kwa omvera ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana.

Mgwirizano waukulu wamakampani

China ili ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana amakampani omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa ndikuyimira magawo osiyanasiyana azachuma. Nawa ena mwamakampani akuluakulu aku China komanso mawebusayiti awo: 1. China Federation of Industrial Economics (CFIE) - CFIE ndi bungwe lamphamvu loyimira mabizinesi aku China. Webusayiti: http://www.cfie.org.cn/e/ 2. All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) - ACFIC imayimira mabizinesi ndi amalonda omwe si aboma m'mafakitale onse. Webusayiti: http://www.acfic.org.cn/ 3. China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) - CAST ikufuna kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wa sayansi, zatsopano zamakono, ndi mgwirizano waluntha. Webusayiti: http://www.cast.org.cn/english/index.html 4. China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) - CCPIT ikuyesetsa kupititsa patsogolo malonda a mayiko, ndalama, ndi mgwirizano wachuma. Webusayiti: http://en.ccpit.org/ 5. China Banking Association (CBA) - CBA imayimira mabanki ku China, kuphatikizapo mabanki amalonda, mabanki a ndondomeko, ndi mabungwe ena azachuma. Webusayiti: https://eng.cbapc.net.cn/ 6. Chinese Institute of Electronics (CIE) - CIE ndi bungwe la akatswiri lomwe likuyang'ana kafukufuku waukadaulo wamagetsi ndi chitukuko. Webusayiti: http://english.cie-info.org/cn/index.aspx 7. Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (CMES) - CMES imalimbikitsa chitukuko cha makina opangira makina pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku ndi kugawana nzeru pakati pa akatswiri. Webusayiti: https://en.cmestr.net/ 8. Chinese Chemical Society (CCS) - CCS idadzipereka kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wa sayansi yamankhwala, maphunziro, kusamutsa ukadaulo, komanso kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi mkati mwamakampani opanga mankhwala. Webusayiti: https://en.skuup.com/org/chinese-chemical-society/1967509d0ec29660170ef90e055e321b 9.China Iron & Steel Association (CISA) - CISA ndi liwu la mafakitale achitsulo ndi zitsulo ku China, kuthana ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi kupanga, malonda, ndi chilengedwe. Webusayiti: http://en.chinaisa.org.cn/ 10. China Tourism Association (CTA) - CTA imayimira ndikuthandizira anthu osiyanasiyana ogwira nawo ntchito muzokopa alendo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko chake chikhale chokhazikika. Webusayiti: http://cta.cnta.gov.cn/en/index.html Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za mayanjano akuluakulu amakampani aku China, okhudza magawo monga zachuma zamafakitale, kukwezedwa kwamalonda ndi malonda, sayansi ndiukadaulo, mabanki ndi zachuma, uinjiniya wamagetsi, uinjiniya wamakina, magulu olimbikitsa kafukufuku wamakina.

Mawebusayiti a bizinesi ndi malonda

China, pokhala imodzi mwa mayiko otsogola kwambiri pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi, ili ndi masamba ambiri azachuma ndi malonda omwe amasamalira mafakitale ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Nawa ena otchuka limodzi ndi ma adilesi awo awebusayiti: 1. Gulu la Alibaba (www.alibaba.com): Uwu ndi gulu la mayiko osiyanasiyana lomwe limagwira ntchito zamalonda zapaintaneti, malonda, ntchito zapaintaneti, ndiukadaulo. Zimapereka nsanja kuti mabizinesi azilumikizana padziko lonse lapansi. 2. Made-in-China.com (www.made-in-china.com): Ndi bukhu lamalonda la pa intaneti lomwe limagwirizanitsa ogula ndi ogulitsa kuchokera ku China m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga kupanga, nsalu, zamagetsi, ndi zina. 3. Global Sources (www.globalsources.com): Msika wapaintaneti wa B2B womwe umathandizira malonda pakati pa ogula ochokera kumayiko ena ndi ogulitsa aku China. Zimakhudza magulu angapo azinthu monga zamagetsi zamagetsi, makina, zovala, ndi zina. 4. Tradewheel (www.tradewheel.com): nsanja yamalonda yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikuyang'ana kwambiri kulumikiza ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi ndi opanga odalirika aku China kapena otumiza kunja m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zida zamagalimoto, zinthu zachipatala, zopakira. 5. DHgate (www.dhgate.com): Tsamba la e-commerce lothandizira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati omwe akufunafuna zinthu zazikulu pamitengo yopikisana kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku China m'magulu osiyanasiyana monga zida zamafashoni & zovala. 6. Canton Fair - China Import & Export Fair (www.cantonfair.org.cn/en/): Monga chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri zamalonda padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimachitika kawiri pachaka mumzinda wa Guangzhou kuwonetsa zinthu zambiri za opanga ku China m'mafakitale angapo monga zida zamagetsi; zida za hardware; zinthu zokongoletsa nyumba; ndi zina, tsamba ili limapereka chidziwitso chokhudza ndandanda yachiwonetsero komanso zambiri za owonetsa. 7.TradeKeyChina(https://en.tradekeychina.cn/):Imakhala ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndi ogulitsa aku China popereka mindandanda yazinthu zambiri kuphatikiza zovala zamakina opanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi,miyeso yamagetsi yamagetsi,mipando,mipando yamafakitale. makina zigawo mchere zitsulo kulongedza zipangizo zosindikizira masewera zosangalatsa katundu wa telecommunication zida zoseweretsa magalimoto. Mawebusayitiwa amagwira ntchito ngati zofunikira kwa anthu ndi makampani omwe akufuna kuchita bizinesi kapena kugulitsa ndi China. Amapereka mndandanda wazinthu zambiri, zidziwitso za ogulitsa, zosintha zamalonda, ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zowongolera kulumikizana ndi kugulitsana pakati pa mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi.

Mawebusayiti amafunso amalonda

Pali mawebusayiti angapo ofufuza zamalonda omwe amapezeka ku China. Nawu mndandanda wazinthu zazikulu pamodzi ndi ma adilesi awo awebusayiti: 1. China Customs (General Administration of Customs): https://www.customs.gov.cn/ 2. Global Trade Tracker: https://www.globaltradetracker.com/ 3. Commodity Inspection and Quarantine Information Network: http://q.mep.gov.cn/gzxx/English/index.htm 4. China Export Import Database (CEID): http://www.ceid.gov.cn/english/ 5. Chinaimportexport.org: http://chinaimportexport.org/ 6. Alibaba International Trade Data System: https://sts.alibaba.com/en_US/service/i18n/queryDownloadTradeData.htm 7. ETCN (China National Import-Export Commodity Net): http://english.etomc.com/ 8. Kafukufuku wa HKTDC: https://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X04JWL9/market-reports/market-insights-on-china-and-global-trade Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kupezeka ndi kulondola kwa deta kungasiyane pamasamba onsewa, choncho ndibwino kuti mufufuze zambiri kuchokera kumalo angapo kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika.

B2B nsanja

China imadziwika chifukwa cha nsanja zake za B2B zomwe zimathandizira mabizinesi pakati pamakampani. Nawa nsanja zodziwika bwino ndi masamba awo: 1. Alibaba (www.alibaba.com): Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1999, Alibaba ndi imodzi mwamapulatifomu akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a B2B olumikiza ogula ndi ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Imapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito, kuphatikiza Alibaba.com yamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. 2. Global Sources (www.globalsources.com): Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1971, Global Sources imagwirizanitsa ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndi ogulitsa makamaka ochokera ku China ndi mayiko ena a ku Asia. Imapereka mayankho opezera mafakitale osiyanasiyana, mawonetsero, ndi misika yapaintaneti. 3. Made-in-China (www.made-in-china.com): Yoyambira mu 1998, Made-in-China imayang'ana kwambiri kulumikiza ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndi opanga ndi ogulitsa aku China m'mafakitale ambiri. Imakupatsirani chikwatu chazinthu zonse pamodzi ndi njira zotsatsira makonda. 4. DHgate (www.dhgate.com): DHgate ndi nsanja ya e-commerce yomwe imagwira ntchito pamalonda odutsa malire pakati pa ogulitsa aku China ndi ogula apadziko lonse lapansi kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2004. Imapereka zinthu zambiri pamitengo yopikisana. 5. EC21 (china.ec21.com): EC21 imagwira ntchito ngati msika wapadziko lonse wa B2B kulola mabizinesi kulumikizana padziko lonse lapansi pazolinga zamalonda kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2000. Kupyolera mu EC21 China, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa kukulimbikitsa ubale wamalonda mkati mwa msika waku China. 6.Alibaba Gulu mautumiki ena: Kupatula Alibaba.com yomwe yatchulidwa kale, gululi limagwiritsa ntchito nsanja zina za B2B monga AliExpress - zomwe zimayang'ana mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono; Taobao - yoyang'ana bizinesi yapakhomo; Tmall - kuyang'ana pa katundu wamtundu; komanso Cainiao Network - yodzipereka ku mayankho azinthu. Izi ndi zitsanzo zodziwika pakati pa nsanja zambiri za B2B zomwe zikugwira ntchito ku China masiku ano.