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Chidule cha Dziko
Ndalama Yadziko
Mtengo wosinthitsira
Tchuthi Zofunika
Mkhalidwe Wamalonda Akunja
Kukula Kwa Msika
Zogulitsa zotentha pamsika
Makhalidwe a kasitomala ndi zonyansa
Customs Management System
Mfundo zamisonkho zochokera kunja
Mfundo zamisonkho zotumiza kunja
Zitsimikizo zofunika kutumiza kunja
Analimbikitsa mayendedwe
Njira zopangira ogula

Dziko la Turkey, lomwe limadziwika kuti Republic of Turkey, ndi dziko lodutsa m'mayiko ena lomwe lili ku Anatolian Peninsula ku Western Asia, ndi gawo laling'ono pa Balkan Peninsula ku Southeast Europe. Ili ndi mbiri yolemera komanso yosiyanasiyana yomwe imatenga zaka masauzande ambiri. Kutengera dera la pafupifupi 780,580 masikweya kilomita, Turkey imagawana malire ndi mayiko asanu ndi atatu kuphatikiza Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq ndi Syria. Lazunguliridwa ndi nyanja zazikulu zitatu: Nyanja ya Mediterranean kumwera, ndi Nyanja ya Aegean kumadzulo ndi Nyanja Yakuda kumpoto. Pokhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 84 miliyoni okhala ndi mafuko ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, dziko la Turkey limadziwika chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chilankhulo chovomerezeka ndi Chituruki pomwe zilankhulo zina zazing'ono monga Kurdish zimalankhulidwanso. Ankara ndi likulu la Turkey pomwe Istanbul ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri. Istanbul ili ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri chifukwa inali likulu la maufumu a Byzantine ndi Ottoman. Chuma cha Turkey chili pakati pa 20 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kutengera GDP. Malo ake abwino apangitsa kuti ikhale likulu la malonda apadziko lonse pakati pa Europe ndi Asia. Zokopa alendo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachuma ku Turkey chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chambiri komanso malo ochititsa chidwi achilengedwe. Imapatsa alendo mabwinja akale monga Efeso ndi Troy pamodzi ndi magombe ochititsa chidwi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Zakudya zaku Turkey ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi zokhala ndi zakudya monga kebabs, baklava, ndi tiyi waku Turkey zomwe zimawonjezera chidwi chake. Ngakhale kuti malo agawanika pakati pa makontinenti awiri, dziko la Turkey likugwirizana ndi miyambo ya ku Ulaya ku Middle East.

Ndalama yaku Turkey imadziwika kuti lira yaku Turkey (TRY). Lira yaku Turkey ndi ndalama yovomerezeka ku Turkey, ndipo imaperekedwa ndikuyendetsedwa ndi Banki Yaikulu ya Republic of Turkey. Yakhala ikufalitsidwa kuyambira 1923 pamene dziko la Turkey lamakono linakhazikitsidwa. Mtengo waposachedwa wa 1 US dollar mpaka TRY ndi pafupifupi 8.5 lira. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chifukwa chazovuta zachuma, kusinthanitsa kutha kukhala kosasunthika ku Turkey. Kwa zaka zambiri, dziko la Turkey lakumana ndi zovuta zina ndi kukwera kwa mitengo komanso kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wake wandalama. Izi zadzetsa kusinthasintha komanso kutsika kwamtengo wa lira waku Turkey motsutsana ndi ndalama zina zazikulu monga madola aku US kapena ma Euro. Boma ndi banki yayikulu achitapo kanthu kuti ndalama zawo zikhazikike potsatira mfundo monga kukweza chiwongola dzanja, kutsatira malamulo okhwima a zachuma, ndi kulimbikitsa ndalama zakunja. Izi zikufuna kusungitsa bata mkati mwa kayendetsedwe kazachuma ndikuteteza mtengo wa lira waku Turkey. Alendo odzacheza ku Turkey amatha kusinthana mosavuta ndalama zawo zakunja kukhala ma lira aku Turkey kumabanki, maofesi osinthana, kapena kudzera pa ma ATM m'dziko lonselo. Mabizinesi ambiri amavomerezanso kulipira mundalama zina zazikulu monga madola aku US kapena ma Euro m'malo odziwika bwino odzaona alendo. Mwachidule, ndalama yaku Turkey imatchedwa lira yaku Turkey (TRY), imakumana ndi kusokonekera kwakanthawi chifukwa chachuma koma zoyesayesa zimapangidwa ndi aboma kuti zikhazikike. Alendo amatha kusinthanitsa ndalama zawo mosavuta ndi ndalama zakomweko m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Turkey.

Ndalama yovomerezeka yaku Turkey ndi Turkey Lira (TRY). Ponena za mitengo yosinthira ndi ndalama zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi, chonde dziwani kuti mitengoyi imatha kusinthasintha pakapita nthawi. Komabe, pofika Seputembala 2021, nayi pafupifupi mitengo yosinthira: 1 US Dollar (USD) = 8.50 Turkey Lira (TRY) 1 Yuro (EUR) = 10.00 Turkey Lira (TRY) 1 mapaundi a British (GBP) = 11.70 Turkish Lira (TRY) 1 Japan Yen (JPY) = 0.08 Turkish Lira (TRY) Chonde dziwani kuti mitengoyi isintha ndipo ndi bwino kuyang'ana mitengo yomwe ilipo ngati ikufunika.

Turkey, dziko losiyanasiyana lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa misewu ya ku Europe ndi Asia, limakondwerera maholide angapo ofunikira chaka chonse. Zikondwererozi sizimangowonetsa chikhalidwe cholemera cha Turkey komanso zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu ake. Imodzi mwatchuthi chofunikira kwambiri ku Turkey ndi Tsiku la Republic, lomwe limakondwerera pa Okutobala 29. Tsikuli likuwonetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Republic of Turkey mu 1923 motsogozedwa ndi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Ndi tchuthi cha dziko lonse pamene nzika zimasonkhana pamodzi kuti zikumbukire chochitika cha mbiri yakalechi ndi ziwonetsero, ziwonetsero zamoto, ndi zisudzo za chikhalidwe. Tchuthi china chofunika kwambiri ndi Eid al-Fitr, yomwe imasonyeza kutha kwa Ramadan - mwezi wopatulika wa kusala kudya mu Islam. Zokondwerera ndi Asilamu padziko lonse lapansi, Eid al-Fitr ku Turkey imaphatikizapo mapemphero apadera m'misikiti yotsatiridwa ndi maphwando omwe amagawana ndi achibale ndi abwenzi. M’misewu mwakongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zokongola pamene ana amalandira mphatso ndi maswiti monga mbali ya chochitika chosangalatsa chimenechi. Tsiku la Ufulu wa Turkey limakondwerera pa Marichi 18 kulemekeza omwe adamenyera ufulu wawo pankhondo yachitetezo cha Turkey (1919-1922). Ndilofunika kwambiri chifukwa likuyimira mgwirizano ndi kunyada pakati pa nzika zaku Turkey. Mwambo wachikumbutso umachitika m'dziko lonselo, kuphatikiza miyambo yoyika nkhata pazipilala zoperekedwa kwa Atatürk ndi misonkhano yowonetsa kukonda dziko lako. Kurban Bayramı kapena Eid al-Adha ndi chikondwerero china chachikulu chachipembedzo chomwe Asilamu aku Turkey amakondwerera. Zomwe zimachitika miyezi iwiri pambuyo pa Eid al-Fitr, zimalemekeza kufunitsitsa kwa Ibrahim kupereka mwana wake nsembe ngati kudzipereka kwa Mulungu. Mabanja amasonkhana ku mizikiti kukapemphera asanapereke nsembe nyama monga nkhosa kapena ng’ombe potsatira miyambo yachisilamu. Kenako nyama yochokera m’zoperekazi amagawidwa kwa achibale ake ndi kugaŵidwa kwa anthu osauka. Pomaliza, madyerero a Chaka Chatsopano amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa kalendala ya tchuthi cha Turkey. Ngakhale kuti chikhoza kuonedwa ngati chikondwerero chadziko lonse, anthu a ku Turkey amachita nawo zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga maphwando a m’misewu, zionetsero za ma fireworks, ndi chakudya chamadzulo chapadera. Istanbul, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso malo owoneka bwino, ndi malo otchuka omwe anthu am'deralo komanso alendo odzaona alendo amakaimba pa Chaka Chatsopano. Tchuthizi zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwazikhalidwe zaku Turkey, kulolerana kwazipembedzo, komanso mbiri yakale. Amabweretsa anthu pamodzi kuti akondwerere zomwe amagawana kwinaku akulemekeza miyambo yawo yapadera- kuwonetsera mokongola chikhalidwe cha dziko.

Turkey ndi dziko lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa misewu ya ku Europe ndi Asia, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo opangira malonda. Ili ndi chuma chosakanikirana ndi magawo azaulimi, mafakitale, ndi mautumiki omwe amathandizira kwambiri pa GDP yake. Pankhani yotumiza kunja, dziko la Turkey lili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza nsalu, zida zamagalimoto, makina, zida zamagetsi, ndi zakudya zosinthidwa. Amalonda akuluakulu ogulitsa katundu wa Turkey ndi Germany, Iraq, United Kingdom, Italy, ndi France. Zovala za nsalu ndizofunikira kwambiri mumtanga wotumiza kunja ku Turkey chifukwa ndi amodzi mwa opanga kwambiri nsalu padziko lonse lapansi. Kumbali yotumiza kunja, dziko la Turkey limagula makamaka zinthu monga zida zamakina ndi magawo amakampani ake. Zinthu zina zofunika kuchokera kunja ndi monga mafuta a petroleum, mankhwala, chitsulo ndi zitsulo. Mabizinesi ake akuluakulu ogulitsa ndi China, European Union kuphatikiza Germany ndi Russia. Kwa zaka zambiri, dziko la Turkey lakhala likuchita nawo mgwirizano wamalonda ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana kuti lipititse patsogolo malonda ake padziko lonse lapansi. imayesetsa kukulitsa mabizinesi ku Middle East, Africa, ndi Asia kudzera m'mapangano apakati. Ngakhale zili zabwino izi, dziko la Turkey likukumana ndi zovuta pazamalonda zake. Kusasinthika kwa lira ku Turkey kumatha kusokoneza mtengo wotumizira / kutumiza kunja. Pamwamba pa izi, mikangano yandale, monga mikangano ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo kapena kusintha kwa malamulo aboma, kungasokoneze malire. Kuonjezera apo, mliri wa COVID-19 unakhudza kwambiri malonda padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo dziko la Turkey linachita chimodzimodzi, komabe, pang'onopang'ono linayambiranso ntchito zachuma pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera. Ponseponse, malo a Turkey pamphambano za Europe, Middle East, ndi Asia, amaupatsa mwayi pazamalonda apadziko lonse. zomwe zikuchitika zidzadalira momwe dziko la Turkey lidzathetsere mavuto apakhomo ndikupitirizabe kuchita nawo mwayi wa msika wapadziko lonse.

Dziko la Turkey, lomwe lili m’mphepete mwa misewu ya ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia, lili ndi mwayi waukulu wopititsa patsogolo msika wa malonda akunja. Momwe dziko lilili mwaukadaulo kumapangitsa kukhala kulumikizana kofunikira pakati pa zigawo ndi misika yosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, dziko la Turkey limadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazogulitsa m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Imakhala ndi mwayi wampikisano m'mafakitale monga nsalu, magalimoto, zamagetsi, ndi ulimi. Ndi ogwira ntchito aluso komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, makampani aku Turkey ali ndi kuthekera kopanga katundu wapamwamba kwambiri pamitengo yopikisana. Kachiwiri, malo abwino a Turkey amapereka mwayi wopezeka mosavuta kumisika yayikulu monga Europe, Russia, Central Asia, Middle East, ndi Africa. Izi zimathandiza otumiza kunja ku Turkey kuti agwiritse ntchito mabasi ambiri ogula m'magawo awa ndikupanga maukonde amphamvu amalonda. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko la Turkey lakhazikitsa mapangano okonda malonda ndi mayiko kapena zigawo zingapo monga mgwirizano wa European Union Customs Union womwe umakhudza mayiko 30. Chachitatu, dziko la Turkey lakhala likupititsa patsogolo malo ake opangira zomangamanga, kuphatikiza madoko ama eyapoti ndi malo opangira njanji zomwe zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo kulumikizana m'dzikolo komanso kunja kumathandizira kuti pakhale kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kazampikisano komanso kukopa ndalama zakunja. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko la Turkey limapereka zolimbikitsira pakuyika ndalama kuphatikiza kusalipira misonkho, phindu la chiwongola dzanja cha chiwongola dzanja chogawira malo thandizo lothandizira ntchito zomwe zimalimbikitsa mabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi kuti akhazikitse kupezeka kwawo kotero kulimbikitsa ntchito zachuma. Pomaliza, boma la Turkey likuyesetsanso kukulitsa mapangano a mayiko awiriwa pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatsira monga kukonza ziwonetsero zamalonda zomwe zikuwonetsa ma pPoduct aku Turkey omwe amapita ku ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimawapindulira ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi pakati pa mabizinesi akunja amalimbikitsa mgwirizano. Pomaliza, kutukuka kwa msika wa malonda akunja ku Turkey kuli m'mafakitale ake amphamvu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi malo omwe ali ndi malo omwe amathandizira kukonza zomanga nyumba zowoneka bwino komanso zolimbikitsa ndalama zolimbikitsira mfundo zaboma.

Pankhani yosankha zinthu zogulitsa zotentha kuti zitumizidwe ku msika waku Turkey, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira. Dziko la Turkey lili pa mphambano za misewu ya ku Ulaya ndi Asia, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo abwino ochitira malonda. Ili ndi chuma chosiyanasiyana chokhala ndi magawo amphamvu opanga kuphatikiza magalimoto, zovala, zamagetsi, ndi mafakitale opanga zakudya. Kuti mudziwe zinthu zomwe zitha kugulitsidwa ku Turkey, nazi njira zina zomwe mungatsatire: 1. Fufuzani za msika: Chitani kafukufuku wamsika kuti mumvetsetse zomwe ogula amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda. Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera mu malipoti ochokera ku mabungwe azamalonda, mabungwe aboma, kapena kupita ku ziwonetsero zamalonda ndi ziwonetsero. 2. Dziwani mwayi wa niche: Yang'anani mipata pamsika yomwe imatha kudzazidwa ndi zinthu zapadera kapena zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, ogula aku Turkey awonetsa chidwi chowonjezeka pazakudya zamagulu kapena zinthu zamafashoni zokhazikika. 3. Ganizirani za chikhalidwe: Dziko la Turkey ndi dziko losiyana zikhalidwe komanso zikhalidwe za Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo. Kumvetsetsa miyambo ndi miyambo yakumaloko posankha zinthu zotumizidwa kunja kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi zomwe ogula amafuna. 4. Chitsimikizo cha khalidwe: Ogula aku Turkey amayamikira zinthu zamtengo wapatali pamtengo wopikisana. Onetsetsani kuti zinthu zomwe mwasankha zikukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuti zikupereka mtengo wabwino wandalama. 5. Kusanthula kwampikisano: Phunzirani zomwe opikisana nawo akugulitsa kuti muzindikire magulu omwe mungadzipatulire popereka china chake chapadera kapena chabwino kuposa zomwe zilipo. 6. Kufuna kumayiko akunja: Ganizirani zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi ndi zofuna zanu posankha zinthu zotumizidwa kuchokera ku Turkey chifukwa izi zitha kukhudzanso kupambana kwawo kunja. 7 . Kutsatiridwa ndi malamulo: Dziwanitseni malamulo oyendetsera katundu, ntchito za kasitomu, zofunikira zolembera, milingo yachitetezo pamisika yomwe mukufuna kutsata chifukwa izi zitha kukhudza kasankhidwe kazinthu; 8 . Pangani ubale kwanuko : Khazikitsani maubwenzi ndi ogulitsa odalirika am'deralo omwe amamvetsetsa bwino msika wapakhomo; izi zitha kukuthandizani kuyang'ana zotchinga pomwe mukutumiza zinthu zomwe mwasankha bwino. Potsatira izi ndikukhalabe osinthika pazokonda zamakasitomala ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, mudzakhala okonzeka kusankha zinthu zogulitsa zotentha kuti zitumizidwe ku msika waku Turkey.

Turkey, dziko lodutsa ku Eastern Europe ndi Kumadzulo kwa Asia, lili ndi mawonekedwe apadera amakasitomala ndi miyambo yawo. Makasitomala aku Turkey amadziwika chifukwa chochereza alendo komanso mwachikondi kwa alendo. Amanyadira kuchitira alendo mwaulemu ndi mowolowa manja. Mukamachita bizinesi ku Turkey, yembekezerani kulandilidwa mwachidwi ndikupatsidwa tiyi kapena khofi ngati chizindikiro cha kuchereza alendo. Kupanga ubale ndikofunikira pachikhalidwe cha bizinesi yaku Turkey. Kulumikizana kwanu ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake kutenga nthawi kuti mukhazikitse chidaliro ndi ubale ndi makasitomala aku Turkey ndikofunikira. Kupanga maubwenzi olimba kungayambitse mgwirizano wautali. Makasitomala aku Turkey amayamikira kulankhulana kwachindunji komanso amayamikira kuchenjera pokambirana kapena kukambirana mitu yovuta. Kukhala waukali kwambiri kapena wokakamizika kungachititse kuti musamve bwino, choncho m'pofunika kuti mukhale ndi malire pakati pa kudzidalira ndi ulemu. Lingaliro la "nthawi" likhoza kuwonedwa mosiyana ndi makasitomala aku Turkey poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe zina. Kusunga nthawi kumayamikiridwa koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusinthasintha pankhani ya ndandanda kapena masiku omaliza chifukwa cha kufunikira kokhazikitsidwa pamalumikizidwe amunthu. Konzekerani misonkhano yomwe ikuyamba mochedwa kapena kusintha nthawi yomaliza. Ponena za miyambo ya chikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kuti musakambirane nkhani za ndale pokhapokha mutamanga ubale wolimba wozikidwa pa kukhulupirirana komwe mitu yotere ingakambirane momasuka popanda kukhumudwitsa. Chipembedzo chimaonedwanso kuti ndi chovuta; pewani kudzudzula kapena kunyoza zikhulupiriro zilizonse zachipembedzo. Kuwonjezera apo, kusonyeza ulemu kwa akulu kumalemekezedwa kwambiri m’chitaganya cha Turkey; Choncho, kupereka ulemu kwa makasitomala achikulire pamisonkhano kungawoneke ngati chizindikiro cha makhalidwe abwino. Pomaliza, kumbukirani kuti kumwa mowa kumasiyana pakati pa anthu chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo zomwe zimatsindikiridwa ndi Chisilamu kukhala chipembedzo chochuluka ku Turkey - choncho samalani nthawi zonse mukamamwa mowa panthawi ya chakudya chamadzulo kapena zochitika. Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe amakasitomalawa komanso miyambo yachikhalidwe kukuthandizani kuti muyende bwino pochita bizinesi ndi anzanu aku Turkey ndikulemekeza miyambo ndi miyambo yawo.

Dziko la Turkey lili ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa bwino la kasitomu lomwe limatsimikizira kuyenda bwino kwa katundu ndi anthu kudutsa malire ake. Akuluakulu azachuma ku Turkey ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kasamalidwe ka katundu, kutumiza kunja, ndi kutumizidwa kwa katundu mkati mwa dzikolo. Akalowa ku Turkey, apaulendo ayenera kudziwa malamulo ndi malamulo omwe amatsatiridwa ndi miyambo ya ku Turkey. Izi zikuphatikizapo: 1. Chilengezo cha kasitomu: Anthu apaulendo amene akulowa kapena kutuluka m’dziko la Turkey ayenera kulemba fomu yolengeza za kasitomu (yomwe imapezeka pabwalo la ndege, madoko, ndi m’malire a m’malire) ngati ali ndi ndalama yoposa ma Euro 10,000 kapena ndalama zake zofanana ndi ndalama zina. 2. Zinthu zoletsedwa: Zinthu zina zimakhala ndi zoletsedwa kapena zoletsedwa polowa kapena kuchoka ku Turkey. Izi ndi monga zida, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zinthu zachinyengo, zachikhalidwe zopanda zolemba zoyenera, ndi chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chili chovulaza thanzi la anthu. 3. Malipiro aulere: Pali malire pa kuchuluka kwa katundu waulere omwe angabweretsedwe ku Turkey. Malipirowa amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala (mowa, fodya) ndi mayendedwe (mpweya kapena kumtunda). Ndikofunika kutsatira malirewa kuti mupewe zilango. 4. Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kwaumwini: Alendo angabweretse katundu wawo monga zovala ndi zipangizo zamagetsi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito popanda kulipira msonkho kapena msonkho malinga ngati sizinali zogulitsa. 5. Zoletsedwa zogulitsa kunja / zogulitsa kunja: Zinthu zina ndizoletsedwa kutumizidwa / kutumizidwa kuchokera ku Turkey chifukwa cha chitetezo kapena mgwirizano wapadziko lonse. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo mankhwala oledzeretsa, mankhwala ena, zinthu zamoyo zimene zatsala pang’ono kutha zotetezedwa pansi pa CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), ndi zina zotero. 6. Ufulu wa okwera ndege ndi udindo wawo wazidziwitso : Momwemo, zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo zizigwira ntchito ngati kuwonongeka kwawonongeka komwe kumachitika pakadutsa mapasipoti operekedwa momveka bwino adzalembedwa moyenerera. Ndibwino kuti apaulendo adziŵe bwino malamulowa asanapite ku Turkey kuti apewe zotsatira zosafunikira paulendo wawo.

Ndondomeko ya mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya Turkey ndi gawo lofunikira pazamalonda ake. Dzikoli lakhazikitsa ndondomeko yamitengo yopita patsogolo yotengera ma code a Harmonized System (HS), omwe amagawa zinthu m'magulu osiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso cholinga chake. Mitengo yamitengo ya ku Turkey yochokera ku 0% mpaka 130%, kutengera gulu lazogulitsa. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi zero zimaphatikizapo zinthu zofunika monga mankhwala, mabuku, ndi zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Katunduyu amalowa m'dzikomo popanda msonkho wowonjezera. Pakadali pano, zinthu zambiri zimakopa milingo yosiyanasiyana yamitengo kutengera gulu lawo la HS. Mwachitsanzo, makina ndi zida zaukadaulo wapamwamba zimayenera kulipidwa ndalama zochepa kuchokera kunja, pomwe katundu wogula monga nsalu, zamagetsi, ndi magalimoto ali ndi mitengo yokwera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko la Turkey limapereka msonkho wowonjezera (VAT) pazinthu zotumizidwa kunja pamlingo wa 18%. Misonkho iyi imawerengedwa potengera mtengo wa inshuwaransi ndi zonyamula katundu zomwe zimachitika mpaka katunduyo atafika pa kasitomu waku Turkey. Komabe, magulu ena apadera amatha kupatsidwa mitengo yosiyana ya VAT kapena kusakhululukidwa kutengera mtundu wawo kapena mfundo zaboma. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti dziko la Turkey lilinso ndi mgwirizano wamalonda ndi mayiko angapo omwe amapereka chithandizo chapadera pochepetsa mitengo yamitengo kapenanso mwayi wopeza zinthu zina zoyenerera malinga ndi mapanganowa. Mitengo yabwinoyi ikufuna kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pazachuma komanso kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa Turkey ndi ochita nawo malonda. Ponseponse, lamulo la Turkey la mitengo yamtengo wapatali yochokera kunja likufuna kuyika bwino pakati pa kuteteza mafakitale apakhomo ndi kulimbikitsa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi powonetsetsa kuti pali mpikisano wachilungamo pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Dziko la Turkey, monga dziko lotukuka kumene, lakhazikitsa malamulo osiyanasiyana amisonkho pofuna kupititsa patsogolo malonda ake otumiza kunja. Katundu wotumizidwa kunja kwa dziko amayenera kukhomeredwa msonkho pamikhalidwe ndi malamulo ena. Dziko la Turkey limatsatira dongosolo la msonkho wowonjezera (VAT) pazogulitsa zake zambiri. Mtengo wokhazikika wa VAT pazinthu zopangidwa ku Turkey ndi 18%. Komabe, zinthu zina zotumizidwa kunja zimatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kusakhululukidwa kutengera mtundu wawo komanso komwe zikupita. Pofuna kulimbikitsa mabizinesi otengera kunja, Turkey imapereka zolimbikitsa zingapo zamisonkho komanso kusakhululukidwa. Makampani omwe amagwira ntchito yotumiza katundu nthawi zambiri samalipira msonkho wamakampani pa ndalama zomwe amagulitsa kunja. Izi ndicholinga chokweza mpikisano wazinthu zaku Turkey m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko la Turkey lakhazikitsa malo ochitira malonda aulere (FTZs) m'dziko lonselo omwe amapereka zopindulitsa kwa ogulitsa kunja. Ma FTZ awa amakupatsirani ufulu wolipira msonkho wakunja ndi VAT paziwiya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja mkati mwa maderawa. Izi zimachepetsa ndalama zopangira zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zogulitsa kunja zikhale zopikisana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Misonkho ya kasitomu ndi mbali ina ya ndondomeko ya msonkho wa kunja kwa Turkey. Ndalama za kasitomu zimasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chikutumizidwa kunja ndi dziko/dera komwe mukupita. Mitengo yamasika imayendetsedwa kutengera mapangano apadziko lonse omwe asainidwa ndi Turkey kapena unilaterally ndi boma la Turkey. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kunena kuti mitengo yamitengo imatha kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa cha zokambirana zamalonda kapena kusintha kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti ogulitsa kunja adziwe za mitengo yamitengo yomwe yasinthidwa pochita bizinesi ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwachidule, dziko la Turkey limagwiritsa ntchito misonkho yowonjezereka yomwe ili ndi zifukwa zina komanso kuchepetsa mitengo ya katundu wake kunja. Boma limapereka zowonjezera zolimbikitsa monga kusalipira msonkho wamakampani omwe amagulitsa kunja ndi zopindulitsa zomwe zimaperekedwa m'malo amalonda aulere. Kumvetsetsa zamitengo yamakasitomu molingana ndi mtundu wa malonda ndi komwe akupita ndikofunikira potumiza kunja kuchokera ku Turkey chifukwa cha kusinthasintha komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mapangano a mayiko kapena zochitika zachuma.

Turkey ndi dziko lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa misewu ya ku Europe ndi Asia, lomwe limadziwika ndi mbiri yake komanso chikhalidwe chake. Dzikoli lili ndi chuma chosiyanasiyana, chomwe chimadalira kwambiri ntchito zogulitsa kunja kuti zilimbikitse kukula kwachuma. Dziko la Turkey lakhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera ziphaso zogulitsa kunja kuti zitsimikizire kuti katundu wawo watumizidwa kunja ndi wabwino komanso akutsatiridwa. Chitsimikizo chimodzi chofunikira chotumiza kunja ku Turkey ndi satifiketi ya Turkey Standards Institution (TSE). Satifiketiyi imatsimikizira kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi TSE, kuphatikiza mtundu, chitetezo, ndi zofunikira zachilengedwe. TSE imayang'anira ndikuyesa zinthu musanapereke satifiketi iyi, ndikutsimikizira ogula ochokera kumayiko ena kuti katundu wotumizidwa ku Turkey ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Ogulitsa kunja aku Turkey athanso kupeza satifiketi ya ISO 9001, kuwonetsa kudzipereka kwawo pakusunga njira yoyendetsera bwino. Chitsimikizochi chimayang'ana kwambiri pakukweza kukhutitsidwa kwamakasitomala pokwaniritsa zomwe akufuna nthawi zonse. Sizimangowonjezera kudalirika kwa ogulitsa aku Turkey komanso zimatsegula zitseko zamabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, satifiketi ya Halal yakhala yofunika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa zinthu za halal padziko lonse lapansi. Satifiketi ya Halal imawonetsetsa kuti zakudya zikutsatira malamulo ndi malamulo achisilamu azakudya. Kwa mayiko omwe ali ndi Asilamu ambiri kapena madera omwe ali ndi Asilamu ambiri ngati misika yogulitsa kunja kwa Turkey, satifiketi iyi imapereka mwayi wopikisana nawo pakukopa ogula. Kuphatikiza apo, Zikalata Zogwirizana ndizofunika kumafakitale angapo omwe amagulitsa zinthu kunja monga zovala ndi zovala chifukwa chakusintha kosalekeza pamalamulo okhudzana ndi malamulo olembera kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsedwa. Ponseponse, dziko la Turkey likugogomezera kwambiri ziphaso zotumizira kunja chifukwa zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri osati kungoyendetsa malonda komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti ogula akukhutira komanso kudalira miyezo yamtengo wapatali wazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja.

Dziko la Turkey ndi dziko lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa misewu ya ku Europe ndi Asia, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo abwino ochitirako mayendedwe ndi ntchito zoyendera. Ndi malo ake odziwika bwino, Turkey imagwira ntchito ngati khomo pakati pa makontinenti ndipo imapereka zabwino zosiyanasiyana. Istanbul, mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku Turkey, ndi mayendedwe akuluakulu olumikiza Europe ndi Asia. Ili ndi ma eyapoti awiri apadziko lonse lapansi - Istanbul Airport ndi Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - omwe amanyamula mamiliyoni onyamula katundu pachaka. Ma eyapotiwa ali ndi malo ambiri onyamula katundu ndipo amapereka ntchito zonyamulira ndege kumayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa kayendetsedwe ka ndege, Turkey imakhalanso ndi misewu yabwino kwambiri yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Msewu waukulu wa E80, womwe umadziwikanso kuti Trans-European Motorway kapena International System of Automobile Routes (E-road), umadutsa ku Turkey ndipo umapereka mwayi wofikira kumayiko aku Western Europe monga Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, ndi Romania. Zomangamanga zapanyanja zaku Turkey ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga zinthu. Ili ndi madoko akuluakulu angapo m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amanyamula kuchuluka kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu. Doko la Izmir pa Nyanja ya Aegean ndi doko limodzi lodziwika bwino chifukwa champhamvu zake zonyamula ziwiya. Madoko ena odziwika ndi Istanbul Ambarli Port ndi Mersin Port pa Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Kwa makampani omwe akufunafuna malo osungiramo zinthu ku Turkey, pali madera ambiri ogulitsa omwe ali m'dziko lonselo omwe amapereka malo osungiramo zinthu zokhala ndi zida zamakono zosungiramo zinthu. Malo osungiramo zinthuwa amakhala ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zamagalimoto, zamagetsi, nsalu, kukonza chakudya, ndi zina zambiri, kupereka malo okwanira osungira katundu omwe akudikirira kugawidwa kapena kutumiza kunja. Boma la Turkey lakhala likuika ndalama zambiri pokonza zida zake zogwirira ntchito zaka zaposachedwa. Ntchito zomanga misewu yayikulu pakati pa mizinda zimakulitsa kulumikizana pomwe kukweza kwakukulu pama eyapoti kumafuna kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa okwera komanso zonyamula katundu. Komanso, Turkey amapereka zinthu zabwino zachuma monga mtengo mpikisano wantchito poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, kupangitsa kukhala malo okongola kupanga kapena kugawa ntchito. red tape ndikuwongolera njira zamalonda. Ndi malo ake abwino, zomangamanga zamakono, komanso malo abwino abizinesi, Turkey imapereka njira zingapo zamabizinesi omwe akugwira ntchito mderali. Kaya ndi katundu wa ndege, mayendedwe apamsewu, zombo zapanyanja kapena malo osungiramo zinthu, Turkey ili ndi zida zofunikira ndi ntchito kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito moyenera.

Zowonetsa zamalonda zofunika

Turkey ndi dziko lomwe lili pamphambano za Europe ndi Asia. Lakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndipo limakopa ogula ndi osunga ndalama ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zina mwa njira zazikulu zopangira ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndi ziwonetsero ku Turkey. 1. Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO): ITO ndi imodzi mwa zipinda zazikulu kwambiri zamalonda ku Turkey, zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kwa ogula mayiko. Imalinganiza zochitika zosiyanasiyana zapaintaneti, magawo opanga mabizinesi, ndi mishoni zamalonda zomwe zimalumikiza ogulitsa am'deralo ndi ogula padziko lonse lapansi. 2. Istanbul Exporters' Association (IEA): Monga bungwe loyimira otumiza kunja kuchokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana, IEA imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polumikiza opanga ku Turkey ndi ogula ochokera kumayiko ena. Imakonza ziwonetsero, misonkhano ya ogula ndi ogulitsa, ndi nthumwi zamalonda kuti apange mabizinesi. 3. Mapulatifomu a B2B Padziko Lonse: Mapulatifomu angapo a pa intaneti amathandizira kuyanjana kwa B2B pakati pa ogulitsa aku Turkey ndi ogula padziko lonse lapansi. Mapulatifomuwa akuphatikiza njira yaku Turkey ya Alibaba.com, msika waku Turkey wa TradeKey.com, kapena gawo lodzipereka la Made-in-China kwa ogulitsa aku Turkey. 4. Gulu Lachiwonetsero la Tuyap: Tuyap ndi m'modzi mwa okonza ziwonetsero ku Turkey omwe chaka chilichonse amakhala ndi ziwonetsero zingapo zodziwika padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimakopa zikwizikwi za opanga m'dziko lino komanso ogula akunja. Zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi: - Zuchex: Chiwonetsero chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri katundu wapakhomo, mipando, nsalu zapakhomo zomwe zimakopa omwe akutenga nawo mbali mdziko lonse lapansi ndi mayiko ena. - Hostech yolembedwa ndi Tusid: Chiwonetserochi chimakhala ndi akatswiri ochokera kumakampani ochereza alendo omwe akuwonetsa zida ndi matekinoloje osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi mahotela. - Chiwonetsero cha Zodzikongoletsera cha Istanbul: Chimodzi mwazowonetsa zodzikongoletsera zotsogola padziko lonse lapansi komwe ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi amatulutsa miyala yamtengo wapatali, zida komanso kupeza mapangidwe apadera. - ISAF Security Exhibition: Chochitika chodzipatulira cha akatswiri azachitetezo chachitetezo pomwe zida zachitetezo zimawonetsedwa ndi makampani aku Turkey aku Turkey komanso osewera apadziko lonse lapansi. 5. Izmir International Fair (IEF): Imadziwika kuti "gulu lalikulu kwambiri lazachilungamo" ku Turkey kuyambira 1923, IEF imagwira ntchito zambiri kuyambira pamagalimoto mpaka kumakina, zamagetsi ogula mpaka chakudya ndi zakumwa. Zimapereka nsanja kwa ogula apadziko lonse lapansi kuti afufuze opanga aku Turkey ndikupanga mgwirizano wamabizinesi. 6. Antalya EXPO: Imachitika kamodzi zaka zisanu zilizonse kuyambira 1998 ku Antalya, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri zamalonda zomwe zimakopa anthu ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga zomangamanga, ulimi, nsalu, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi zina zambiri. Imapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri kwa ogula apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akufunafuna ogulitsa aku Turkey m'mafakitale angapo. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe pakati pa ntchito zingapo zolimbikitsa malonda zomwe zikuchitika ku Turkey chaka chonse. Momwe dziko lilili komanso kulowererapo kwa malonda padziko lonse lapansi kumapangitsa kukhala malo abwino kwa ogula ochokera kumayiko ena omwe akufunafuna ogulitsa odalirika komanso mwayi wopeza ndalama.

Makina osakira wamba

Ku Turkey, makina osakira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa: 1. Google (www.google.com.tr): Monganso m'maiko ena ambiri, Google ndiyenso injini yofufuzira yotchuka kwambiri ku Turkey. Imakhala ndi zotsatira zakusaka komanso ntchito zingapo monga mamapu, zomasulira, nkhani, ndi zina zambiri. 2. Yandex (www.yandex.com.tr): Yandex ndi injini yofufuzira yaku Russia yomwe ilinso ndi kupezeka kwakukulu ku Turkey. Amapereka kusaka pa intaneti komanso ntchito zina monga imelo, mamapu, zosintha zanyengo, ndi zina zambiri. 3. E-Devlet (www.turkiye.gov.tr): E-Devlet ndi doko lovomerezeka la boma la Turkey lomwe limapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapaintaneti kwa nzika. Pulatifomuyi ili ndi makina osakira kuti apereke mwayi wopeza chuma cha boma komanso chidziwitso chokhudza mabungwe aboma. 4. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ya Microsoft ili ndi ntchito yabwino pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti aku Turkey koma osati yotchuka monga Google kapena Yandex. Imapereka magwiridwe antchito akusaka pa intaneti limodzi ndi mawonekedwe ngati kusaka kwazithunzi ndi makanema. 5. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com.tr): Ngakhale inali yotchuka padziko lonse nthawi zakale, Yahoo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ochezera pa intaneti aku Turkey lero pakufufuza pa intaneti; komabe, imagwirabe ntchito zofunikira pama imelo ndi ntchito zankhani. Asanu awa ali m'gulu la injini zosakira zotsogola kapena zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ku Turkey; komabe, ndiyenera kunena kuti pakhoza kukhala nsanja zina zakumaloko kapena mainjini apadera omwe amathandizira makamaka mafakitale ena mdziko muno.

Masamba akulu achikasu

Maupangiri akulu aku Turkey a Yellow Pages ndi awa: 1. Yellow Pages Turkey: Uwu ndiye bukhu lovomerezeka la Yellow Pages pa intaneti ku Turkey, lomwe limapereka mndandanda wamabizinesi wosiyanasiyana malinga ndi magulu osiyanasiyana. Tsamba lawebusayiti ndi https://www.yellowpages.com.tr/. 2. Bukhu Lafoni Laku Turkey: Buku lodziwika bwino lomwe limapereka mauthenga a anthu ndi mabizinesi ku Turkey konse. Mutha kuzipeza pa https://www.phonebookofturkey.com/. 3. Saha İstanbul: Bukuli la Yellow Pages limayang'ana kwambiri mabizinesi aku Istanbul, mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku Turkey. Zimaphatikizapo magulu osiyanasiyana monga magalimoto, malo odyera, malo ogona, ndi zina. Webusaitiyi ndi http://www.sahaisimleri.org/. 4. Ticaret Rehberi: Buku linanso latsatanetsatane komwe mungapeze zambiri zamabizinesi omwe akugwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana ku Turkey. Imakhudza magawo angapo ndipo imapereka zidziwitso zabizinesi iliyonse yomwe yatchulidwa. Pezani kudzera pa http://ticaretrehberi.net/. 5. Gelirler Rehberi (Buku landalama): Mwachindunji kuti alembe mabizinesi omwe akupanga ndalama ku Turkey, bukhuli limathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kupeza mipata kapena mayanjano omwe angapezeke poika makampani osiyanasiyana ndi omwe akulumikizana nawo. Chonde dziwani kuti zolembazi zitha kusintha pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha zosintha ndi zatsopano pamsika; choncho, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kuwunika kawiri momwe alili panopa musanadalire iwo okha pa bizinesi kapena mauthenga.

Mapulatifomu akuluakulu azamalonda

Dziko la Turkey, lomwe lili kudera la Anatolian ku Western Asia, lawona kukula kwakukulu kwa nsanja za e-commerce m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ena mwa nsanja zazikulu za e-commerce ku Turkey ndi monga: 1. Trendyol - Ndi imodzi mwa nsanja zazikulu komanso zodziwika kwambiri zogulira pa intaneti ku Turkey. Trendyol imapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana monga mafashoni, zamagetsi, kukongola, zokongoletsera kunyumba, ndi zina. Webusayiti: www.trendyol.com 2. Hepsiburada - Poganizira kuti ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa kugula zinthu pa intaneti ku Turkey, Hepsiburada imapereka zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuphatikizapo zida, zamagetsi, mafashoni, mipando, katundu wapakhomo ndi zina zambiri. Webusayiti: www.hepsiburada.com 3. Gittigidiyor - Wodziwika ngati msika woyamba wapaintaneti womwe unakhazikitsidwa ku Turkey kale mu 2001 asanagulidwe ndi eBay Inc., Gittigidiyor akadali amodzi mwa nsanja zodziwika bwino za e-commerce zomwe zimakhala ndi ogulitsa osiyanasiyana omwe amapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: www.gittigidiyor.com 4. n11 - nsanja ina yokhazikitsidwa bwino yogulira zinthu pa intaneti yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazogulitsa kuphatikiza zida zamafashoni za amuna ndi akazi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zida zoseweretsa zida zapanyumba zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera ndi zina. Webusayiti: www.n11.com 5. Morhipo - Pulatifomu yoyang'ana kwambiri pamalonda a e-commerce ya Boyner Group - imodzi mwamakampani otsogola ku Turkey ogulitsa zovala za amuna ndi akazi pakati pa zinthu zina monga zodzikongoletsera za nsapato ndi zina. Webusayiti: www.morhipo.com 6. Vatan Bilgisayar - Pulatifomuyi imagwira ntchito pazaukadaulo kwambiri kuyambira pamakompyuta mpaka mafoni am'manja limodzi ndi mapulogalamu apulogalamu yamagetsi amagetsi ndi zina zotero, kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakasitomala kuyambira 1983. Chonde dziwani kuti izi ndi zitsanzo chabe ndipo palinso nsanja zina zing'onozing'ono koma zodziwika bwino za e-commerce zomwe zikupezeka mkati mwa msika wa digito waku Turkey.

Major social media nsanja

Dziko la Turkey lili ndi malo ambiri ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe ali otchuka pakati pa anthu ake. Ena mwamasamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Turkey ndi awa: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ndi imodzi mwamalo ochezera a pa Intaneti padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndi yotchuka kwambiri ku Turkey. Imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi abwenzi, kugawana zosintha, zithunzi, ndi makanema. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter ndi nsanja ya microblogging komwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutumiza mauthenga afupiafupi otchedwa "tweets." Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Turkey pogawana nkhani, malingaliro, komanso kukambirana. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ndi nsanja yogawana zithunzi ndi makanema pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyika zithunzi kapena makanema achidule pamodzi ndi mawu ofotokozera ndi ma hashtag. Ndiwodziwika kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata aku Turkey. 4. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito kusonyeza zochitika zawo za ntchito, kulumikizana ndi anzawo kapena olemba anzawo ntchito, ndi kufufuza mwayi wa ntchito. 5. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube ndi nsanja yogawana makanema pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsitsa, kuwonera, ngati kapena kupereka ndemanga pamavidiyo omwe adatumizidwa ndi ena. Opanga ambiri aku Turkey atchuka kudzera papulatifomu. 6. TikTok (www.tiktok.com): TikTok yawona kukula kwakukulu pakutchuka ku Turkey posachedwa; amalola owerenga kulenga ndi kugawana mavidiyo lalifupi kukhala nyimbo kapena zomvetsera tatifupi. 7. Snapchat: Ngakhale palibe tsamba lovomerezeka la Snapchat popeza limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulogalamu yam'manja; Ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata aku Turkey omwe amazigwiritsa ntchito potumiza zithunzi kapena makanema omwe akusoweka kapena kutumiza nkhani zomwe zimatha maola 24. Awa ndi ena mwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe amapezeka ku Turkey; Komabe, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana azaka zosiyanasiyana kuti azilankhulana, kupanga zinthu / kugawana zolinga komanso kukhala ndi chidziwitso pazomwe zikuchitika mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi.

Mgwirizano waukulu wamakampani

Dziko la Turkey, lomwe lili ku Peninsula ya Anatolian, limadziwika chifukwa cha chuma chake chosiyanasiyana komanso mabizinesi achangu. Nawa ena mwamakampani akuluakulu aku Turkey komanso ma adilesi awo awebusayiti: 1. Turkey Exporters Assembly (TIM) - TIM imayimira otumiza kunja aku Turkey ndikulimbikitsa ntchito zotumiza kunja m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: http://www.tim.org.tr/en/ 2. Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association (TUSIAD) - TUSIAD ndi bungwe lotsogola loimira ochita bizinesi ndi amalonda ku Turkey. Webusayiti: https://www.tusiad.org/en 3. Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) - TOBB imagwira ntchito ngati liwu logwirizana kwa zipinda zamalonda, zosinthana zamalonda, ndi mabungwe odziwa ntchito ku Turkey. Webusayiti: https://www.tobb.org.tr/Sayfalar/AnaSayfa.aspx?lang=en 4. Bungwe la Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO) - ITO imathandizira zofuna za amalonda, ogulitsa mafakitale, opereka chithandizo, ma broker, mafakitale, malonda ogulitsa ku Istanbul. Webusayiti: https://www.ito.org.tr/portal/ 5. Bungwe la Confederation of Turkey Tradesmen and Craftsmen (TESK) - TESK likuimira amalonda ang'onoang'ono ndi amisiri m'madera osiyanasiyana ku Turkey. Webusayiti: http://www.tesk.org.tr/en/ 6. Association of Automotive Parts & Components Manufacturers (TAYSAD)- TAYSAD imayimira opanga magalimoto ku Turkey. Webusayiti: http://en.taysad.org/ 7. Bungwe la Building Contractors Confederation Of Turkiye(MUSAİD)- MUSAİD limayimira makontrakitala omanga ku Turkey. Webusayiti: http://musaid.gtb.gov.tr/tr 8.Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation(TETAŞ)-TETAŞ imayang'anira ntchito zotumizira magetsi m'dziko lonselo Webusayiti: https://tetas.teias.gov.tr/en/Pages/default.aspx 9. Association of Turkey Travel Agency (TÜRSAB) - TÜRSAB imayimira mabungwe oyendayenda ndi mabungwe azokopa alendo ku Turkey. Webusayiti: https://www.tursab.org.tr/en 10. Federation of Food and Drink Industries (TGDF) - TGDF imakhala ngati mawu amakampani opanga zakudya ndi zakumwa ku Turkey. Webusayiti: http://en.ttgv.org.tr/ Izi ndi zina mwa zitsanzo za mabungwe otchuka amakampani ku Turkey. Dzikoli lili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, iliyonse ili ndi mayanjano ake, omwe akuwonetsa momwe dziko likuyendera.

Mawebusayiti a bizinesi ndi malonda

Dziko la Turkey, lomwe lili kudera la Anatolian Peninsula ku Western Asia ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, lili ndi mawebusayiti osiyanasiyana azachuma ndi malonda omwe amathandizira mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Pansipa pali ena mwamasamba otchuka azachuma ndi malonda aku Turkey: 1. Invest in Turkey: Webusayiti yovomerezekayi ili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza mwayi wogulitsa ndalama ku Turkey, kuphatikizapo magawo ofunika kwambiri, zolimbikitsa, malamulo, ndi nkhani zopambana. Webusayiti: https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/ 2. Istanbul Chamber of Commerce: Webusaiti ya Istanbul Chamber of Commerce imapereka zambiri zamalonda zamisika ya Istanbul, maupangiri azinthu zamabizinesi, kalendala ya zochitika, ndi mwayi wamabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi. Webusayiti: https://www.ito.org.tr/en/ 3. Turkey Exporters Assembly (TIM): TIM ndi bungwe lomwe limayimira oposa 100 zikwizikwi ogulitsa kunja ku Turkey. Webusaiti yake imapereka ziwerengero pazogulitsa kunja kuchokera ku Turkey limodzi ndi malipoti amsika akumayiko osiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: https://tim.org.tr/en 4. Bungwe la Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEIK): DEIK ikufuna kuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wa zachuma ku Turkey polimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa makampani apanyumba ndi akunja kudzera m'makomiti ake osiyanasiyana. Webusayiti: https://deik.org.tr/ 5. Unduna wa Zamalonda - Republic of Turkey: Webusaiti yovomerezeka yabomayi imagawana zosintha pazamalonda, malamulo okhudzana ndi zogulitsa kunja / zogulitsa kunja ku Turkey, malipoti owunikira msika, ndi zina zambiri. Webusayiti: http://www.trade.gov.tr/index.html 6. KOSGEB (Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organisation): KOSGEB imathandizira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono popereka mapulogalamu andalama zamapulojekiti opanga zinthu zatsopano limodzi ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsira amalonda. Webusayiti: http://en.kosgeb.gov.tr/homepage 7. Turkish Industry & Business Association (TUSIAD): TUSIAD ndi bungwe lodziwika bwino lopanda phindu lomwe likuimira mabungwe abizinesi aku Turkey mdziko lonse komanso padziko lonse lapansi; tsamba lawo limakwirira mapepala olimbikitsa pankhani zachuma komanso malipoti amakampani. Webusayiti: https://tusiad.us/news-archive/ 8.Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK): TUIK imapereka ziwerengero zamagawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ulimi, mafakitale, ndi ntchito. Webusaiti yawo imapereka mwayi wopeza malipoti aposachedwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro. Webusayiti: https://turkstat.gov.tr/ Chonde dziwani kuti mawebusayitiwa atha kusintha kapena kusinthidwa. Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana kusintha kulikonse kwa ma adilesi kapena nsanja musanawapeze.

Mawebusayiti amafunso amalonda

Dziko la Turkey ndi limodzi mwa mayiko ofunikira kwambiri pazamalonda apadziko lonse ndipo ali ndi nsanja zambiri zodalirika zapaintaneti kuti athe kupeza deta yamalonda. Nawa mawebusayiti omwe amapereka chidziwitso chokwanira pazamalonda aku Turkey: 1. Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) - Bungwe lovomerezekali limapereka ziwerengero zambiri, kuphatikizapo ziwerengero zamalonda akunja. Webusaitiyi imapereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza katundu, kutumiza kunja, ndi ndalama zolipirira. Mutha kupeza database yawo pa www.turkstat.gov.tr. 2. Turkish Exporters' Assembly (TIM) - TIM imayimira anthu ogulitsa kunja ku Turkey ndipo imalimbikitsa kutumiza kunja kwa Turkey padziko lonse lapansi. Webusaiti yawo ili ndi ziwerengero zamalonda, kuphatikizapo tsatanetsatane wa dziko ndi kuwonongeka kwa magawo. Pitani ku www.tim.org.tr kuti mudziwe zambiri. 3. Unduna wa Zamalonda - Webusaiti yovomerezeka ya Undunawu imathandizira kupeza mosavuta zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi malonda monga ziwerengero za katundu wa kunja, mbiri yamayiko, malipoti amsika, ndi kusanthula kwamakampani pa www.trade.gov.tr. 4. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) - Monga banki yaikulu ya dziko, CBRT imapereka zizindikiro zachuma ndi ziwerengero za msika wa ndalama zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pofufuza momwe dziko la Turkey likugwirira ntchito. Onani tsamba lawo la www.tcmb.gov.tr kuti mupeze malipoti oyenera. 5. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Yopangidwa ndi World Bank Group, WITS imasonkhanitsa deta kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana kuti ipereke ziwerengero zamalonda zapadziko lonse za mayiko angapo kuphatikizapo Turkey. Amapereka kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane / kutumiza kunja ndi zosefera zomwe mungasinthire makonda pa https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/TUR. 6.Turkish Custom's Administration(TCA): TCA imayang'anira ntchito zonse zamakhalidwe ku Turkey.Mutha kupeza ziwerengero zenizeni zotengera / kutumiza kunja kutengera ma code azinthu, zipata ndi zina. Mutha kupita ku tcigmobilsorgu.gtb.gov.tr/eng/temsilciArama.jsf patsamba la TCA Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito mawebusaitiwa mosamala pamene mukumasulira deta chifukwa angakhale ndi njira kapena magulu osiyanasiyana omwe angakhudze kusanthula kwanu.

B2B nsanja

Turkey ndi dziko lamphamvu lomwe likukula chuma komanso nsanja zambiri za B2B zomwe zimathandizira mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Ena mwa nsanja zodziwika bwino za B2B ku Turkey ndi monga: 1. Alibaba.com (https://turkish.alibaba.com/): Alibaba ndi imodzi mwa nsanja zazikulu kwambiri za B2B padziko lonse lapansi, zolumikiza ogula ndi ogulitsa. Amapereka zinthu zambiri ndi mautumiki. 2. Tradekey.com (https://www.tradekey.com.tr/): TradeKey imapereka mwayi wopeza mwayi wamalonda padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imathandiza mabizinesi kulumikizana ndi ogulitsa, opanga, ndi ogulitsa ku Turkey. 3. Europages (https://www.europages.co.uk/business-directory-Turkey.html): Europages ndi bukhu la intaneti lomwe limagwirizanitsa mabizinesi ku Ulaya konse. Zimathandizira makampani kupeza othandizana nawo, ogulitsa, ndi makasitomala ku Turkey. 4. Ekspermarket.com (http://www.ekspermarket.com/): Msika wa Eksper umayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zamakampani monga makina, zida zamagalimoto, zida za Hardware, ndi zina zambiri, kuthandiza mabizinesi kulumikizana ndi ogulitsa oyenera ku Turkey. 5. TurkExim (http://turkexim.gov.tr/index.cfm?action=bilgi&cid=137&menu_id=80&pageID=40&submenu_header_ID=43799&t=Birlikte_iscilik_-_manufacturing_and_mentrkal_Turkalfast_ofrist_ofrist_efe/ &lng=en-gb): TurkExim imagwira ntchito ngati malo azidziwitso kwa ogulitsa kunja aku Turkey /ogulitsa kunja kuti akulitse ubale wawo wamalonda wapadziko lonse popereka zinthu zothandiza monga malipoti owunikira msika ndi zochitika zotsatsira. 6. OpenToExport.com (https://opentoexport.com/markets/turkey/buying/): OpenToExport imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa mabizinesi aku UK omwe akufuna kutumiza katundu kapena ntchito ku Turkey popereka chitsogozo panjira zolowera msika. 7. TurkishExporter.net (https://www.turkishexporter.net/en/): Turkey Exporter imalola ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuti azitha kuchita nawo mabizinesi omwe angakhale nawo ndi otumiza kunja aku Turkey, kuphatikiza magawo osiyanasiyana monga ulimi, nsalu, makina, ndi zamagetsi. 8. Ceptes.com (https://www.ceptes.com.tr/): Ceptes amagwiritsa ntchito malonda a B2B pamakampani omangamanga ku Turkey ndipo amapereka mwayi wopeza zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomangira ndi zipangizo. Mapulatifomuwa amapereka mwayi kwa mabizinesi kulumikizana ndi omwe angakhale othandizana nawo, ogulitsa, opanga, ndi ogula okhala ku Turkey. Pulatifomu iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso zopindulitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna mgwirizano wa B2B.