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Turkey, inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seRepublic of Turkey, inyika inodarika makondinendi iri kunyanya paAnatolian Peninsula kuWestern Asia, ine chikamu chidiki paBalkan Peninsula muSoutheast Europe. Iine nhoroondo yakapfuma uye yakasiyana-siyana inotora zviuru zvemakore. Ichifukidza nzvimbo inosvika 780,580 square kilometers, Turkey inogovera miganhu nenyika sere dzinosanganisira Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq neSyria. Yakakomberedzwa nemakungwa matatu makuru: Gungwa reMedithera kumaodzanyemba, w Gungwa reAegean kumadokero uye Gungwa Dzvuku kuchamhembe. Nehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika mamirioni makumi masere nemana vanhu vane madzinza akasiyana siyana uye zvitendero, Turkey inozivikanwa nekusiyana kwayo tsika. Mutauro wepamutemo iTurkey nepo mimwe mitauro midiki seKurdish ichitaurwawo. Ankara inoshanda seguta guru reTurkey nepo Istanbul riri iro guta rayo rakakura. Istanbul ine kukosha kukuru kwenhoroondo sezvo yaimbova guta guru reByzantine neOttoman Empires. Hupfumi hweTurkey huri pakati pepamusoro makumi maviri epasi zvichienderana neGDP. Nzvimbo yayo ine hunyanzvi yakaita kuti ive hub yakakosha yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese pakati peEurope neAsia. Tourism inoita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweTurkey nekuda kwehupfumi hwayo hwetsika uye nzvimbo dzinoshamisa dzechisikigo. Inopa vashanyi musanganiswa wematongo ekare seEfeso neTroy pamwe nemahombekombe anoyevedza ari pamhenderekedzo yeMediterranean. Chikafu cheTurkey chine mukurumbira pasi rose chine ndiro dzakaita sekebabs, baklava, uye tii yeTurkey izvo zvinowedzera kukwezva kwayo gastronomic. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yakakamurwa pakati pemakondinendi maviri, Turkey inombundira tsika kubva kuEuropea Middle East.

Mari yeTurkey inozivikanwa seTurkey lira (TRY). Lira yeTurkey ndiyo mari yepamutemo yeTurkey, uye inopihwa uye inodzorwa neCentral Bank yeRepublic of Turkey. Yakanga ichitenderera kubvira 1923 apo Turkey yemazuva ano yakavambwa. Ikozvino mwero wekutsinhana kwe1 US dhora kusvika TRY ingangoita 8.5 lira. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti nekuda kwehupfumi zvinhu, mwero wekutsinhana unogona kushanduka muTurkey. Kwemakore, Turkey yakasangana nemamwe matambudziko nekukwira kwemitengo uye kusagadzikana mukukosha kwayo kwemari. Izvi zvakonzera dzimwe nguva kuchinja uye kudzikira kweTurkey lira ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mari huru dzakaita semadhora ekuAmerica kana maEuro. Hurumende nebhanga guru renyika dzakatora matanho ekudzikamisa mari yadzo nekushandisa mitemo yakaita seyekukwidza mari dzemubereko, kushandisa mitemo inoomesera mare, uye kukurudzira mari dzekunze. Izvi zvinovavarira kuchengetedza kugadzikana mukati mehurongwa hwavo hwemari uye kuchengetedza kukosha kweTurkey lira. Vashanyi vanoshanya kuTurkey vanogona kuchinjanisa mari yavo yekune dzimwe nyika zviri nyore muTurkey liras kumabhangi, mahofisi ekuchinjana, kana kuburikidza nemaATM munyika yese. Mabhizinesi mazhinji anobvumawo kubhadhara mune dzimwe mari huru semadhora ekuUS kana maEuro munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzevashanyi. Muchidimbu, mari yeTurkey inonzi lira yeTurkey (TRY), inombosangana nekusagadzikana nekuda kwemamiriro ehupfumi asi kuedza kunoitwa nevane masimba kuidzikamisa. Vashanyi vanogona kuchinjanisa mari yavo mumari yemuno munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana muTurkey.

Mari yepamutemo yeTurkey ndiyo Turkish Lira (TRY). Kana dziri mitengo yekuchinjana nemari huru dzepasi rose, ndapota cherechedza kuti hunhu uhu hunogona kudzikira nekufamba kwenguva. Nekudaro, kubva munaGunyana 2021, heino fungidziro yemitengo yekuchinjana: 1 US Dollar (USD) = 8.50 Turkish Lira (TRY) 1 Euro (EUR) = 10.00 Turkish Lira (TRY) 1 British Pound (GBP) = 11.70 Turkish Lira (TRY) 1 Yen Yen (JPY) = 0.08 Turkish Lira (TRY) Ndapota rangarirai kuti mitengo iyi inogona kuchinja uye zvinokurudzirwa kuti utarise mitengo iripo pazvinenge zvichidiwa.

Turkey, nyika yakasiyana-siyana iri pamharadzano dzeEurope neAsia, inopemberera mazororo akati wandei gore rose. Mazororo aya haangoratidzi chete hupfumi hwetsika yeTurkey asi zvakare ane kukosha kwakadzama kune vanhu vayo. Imwe yezororo rakakosha muTurkey iRepublic Day, inopembererwa musi wa29 Gumiguru. Zuva rino rinoratidza kugadzwa kweRepublic of Turkey muna 1923 pasi pehutungamiriri hwaMustafa Kemal Atatürk. Izororo renyika apo vagari vanoungana kuti vayeuke chiitiko ichi chine nhoroondo nemaforamu, zviratidziro zvezvipfuti, uye mitambo yetsika. Rimwe zororo rakakosha iEid al-Fitr, rinoratidza kupera kweRamadan - mwedzi unoyera wekutsanya muIslam. Inopembererwa nevaMuslim pasi rese, Eid al-Fitr muTurkey inosanganisira minamato yakakosha kumamosque inoteverwa nemabiko anogovaniswa nemhuri uye neshamwari. Migwagwa yakashongedzwa nerunako rwemavara apo vana vanogamuchira zvipo nezvihwitsi sorutivi rweichi chiitiko chinofadza. Turkey Independence Day inopembererwa musi waKurume 18 kukudza avo vakarwira rusununguko rwavo panguva yeHondo yeTurkey yeKuzvitonga (1919-1922). Inobata kukosha kukuru sezvo ichimiririra kubatana uye kudada pakati pevagari veTurkey. Mhemberero dzekurangarira dzinoitika munyika yose, kusanganisira mhemberero dzekuisa maruva pazvivakwa zvakatsaurirwa kuAtatürk uye kuungana kunoratidza kuda nyika. Kurban Bayramı kana Eid al-Adha mumwe mutambo mukuru wechitendero unopembererwa nevaMuslim muTurkey. Zvinowanzoitika mwedzi miviri mushure meEid al-Fitr, zvinokudza kuzvipira kwaIbrahim kubayira mwanakomana wake sechiito chekuzvipira kuna Mwari. Mhuri dzinoungana kuita minamato kumamosque dzisati dzapira mhuka dzakaita sehwai kana mombe dzichitevedzera tsika dzechiIslam. Nyama yezvibairo izvi inobva yagovanwa nehama dzokunyama yogovaniswa pakati pevarombo. Pakupedzisira, mitambo yeGore Idzva inoita basa rinokosha mukarenda yezororo reTurkey. Kunyange zvazvo inganzi mhemberero yenyika munyika yose, vanhu vokuTurkey vanobatanidzwa nechido muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semapati emumugwagwa, mashoo ezvipfuti, uye mabiko chaiwo. Istanbul, ine mufananidzo wayo wedenga uye nemhepo ine mhepo, inzvimbo inozivikanwa kune vese vagari venzvimbo uye vashanyi kuridza muGore Idzva. Aya mazororo anoratidza hupfumi hwakasiyana hwetsika dzeTurkey, kushivirira kwechitendero, uye kukosha kwenhoroondo. Vanounza vanhu pamwechete kuti vapemberere hunhu hwakagovaniswa uku vachikudza tsika dzavo dzakasiyana- vachinyatso kuratidza hunhu hwenyika.

Turkey inyika iri pamharadzano dzeEurope neAsia, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yekutengeserana. Iyo ine hupfumi hwakasanganiswa nekurima, maindasitiri, uye masevhisi zvikamu zvinopa zvakanyanya kuGDP yayo. Panyaya yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, Turkey ine zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana siyana zvinosanganisira machira, zvikamu zvemotokari, michina, midziyo yemagetsi, uye chikafu chakagadzirwa. Makuru ekutengeserana ekutengesa kunze kweTurkey anosanganisira Germany, Iraq, United Kingdom, Italy, neFrance. Zvigadzirwa zvemachira zvakanyanya kukosha muTurkey bhasiketi rekutumira kunze kwenyika sezvo iri imwe yevagadziri vemicheka hombe pasi rose. Kudivi rekunze, Turkey inonyanya kutenga zvinhu zvakaita semichina yemidziyo uye zvikamu zveindasitiri yayo. Zvimwe zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum, makemikari, iron uye zvigadzirwa zvesimbi. Vadyidzani vayo vakuru vekutengesa kunze kwenyika iChina, European Union inosanganisira Germany neRussia. Kwemakore apfuura, Turkey yakashinga kutevera zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana kuti isimudzire kutengeserana kwayo kwepasirese.Turkey inhengo yezvibvumirano zvakati wandei zvekutengeserana zvemahara zvakaita seCustoms Union neEuropean Union, kusimudzira kupinda kwayo kumisika yeEurope. Pamusoro pezvo, Turkey zvakare. inoyedza kuwedzera mabhizinesi muMiddle East, Africa, uye Asia nyika kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zviviri. Zvisinei nezvikonzero zvakanaka izvi, Turkey yakatarisana nematambudziko muchikamu chayo chekutengeserana.Kusagadzikana kweTurkey lira kunogona kukanganisa mutengo wekutenga nekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Pamusoro pazvo, kusawirirana mune zvematongerwo enyika, sekunetsana nenyika dzakavakidzana kana kuchinja kwemitemo yehurumende, kunogona kukanganisa miganhu yenyika. Pamusoro pezvo, denda reCCIDID-19 rakakanganisa kutengeserana kwepasirese, uye Turkey yakangodaro, asi zvishoma nezvishoma yakatangazve mabasa ehupfumi nekushandisa matanho ekuchengetedza. Pakazara, nzvimbo yeTurkey pamharadzano yeEurope, Middle East, neAsia, inoipa mukana kune kutengeserana kwepasirese.Its diversified export portfolio, hwaro hwakasimba hwekugadzira, uye kuedza kufambisa bhizinesi repasi rose kuriisa zvakanaka mukutengeserana kwepasirese landscape.Zvisinei, ramangwana Zviitiko zvichaenderana nekuti Turkey inogadzirisa sei matambudziko emumba ichiri kuramba ichiita mikana yemusika wepasi rose.

Turkey, iri pamharadzano dzeEurope neAsia, ine mukana mukuru wekuvandudza musika wayo wekutengesa kunze. Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yenyika inoita kuti ive hukama hwakakosha pakati pematunhu akasiyana siyana nemisika. Chekutanga, Turkey inozivikanwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Inonakidzwa nemukana wekukwikwidza mumaindasitiri akadai semachira, mota, zvemagetsi, uye zvekurima. Nevashandi vane hunyanzvi uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, makambani eTurkey ane kugona kugadzira zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro nemitengo yemakwikwi. Chechipiri, nzvimbo yeTurkey ine mukana inopa nyore kuwana kumisika yakakosha seEurope, Russia, Central Asia, Middle East, uye Africa. Izvi zvinogonesa vatengesi veTurkey kunze kwenyika kuti vapinde mumabhesi makuru evatengi mumatunhu aya uye kugadzira akasimba ekutengeserana network. Pamusoro pezvo, Turkey yakamisa zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakasarudzika nenyika dzinoverengeka kana matunhu seEuropean Union Customs Union chibvumirano chinobata nyika makumi matatu. Chechitatu, Turkey yanga ichiwedzera kusimudzira zvivakwa zvayo zvinosanganisira ports terminals airports logistic centers railroads migwagwa mikuru iyo inobatsira kuvandudza kubatana mukati menyika pamwe nekunze kufambisa zvinhu zvekufambisa zvinosimudzira makwikwi epasirese uye kukwezva mari yekunze. Zvakare, Turkey inopa mari yekudyara zvinosanganisira kusabhadhara mutero tsika yakanakira mubereko wemari yekugovera ivhu rutsigiro rutsigiro rwebasa runosimudzira mikana kumabhizinesi epasirese kuti atange kuvepo kwavo nekudaro kusimudzira zviitiko zvehupfumi. Chekupedzisira, hurumende yeTurkey inowedzerawo nhamburiko dzekuwedzera zvibvumirano zviviri izvi kuburikidza nekusimudzira zviitiko zvakaita sekuronga mitambo yekutengeserana inoratidzira maTurkish pPoducts ari kupinda kuratidzwa kwepasirese kunovabatsira nezvakawanda zvinogoneka zvinounza kufarira pakati pevanamuzvinabhizinesi vekunze vanosimudzira kudyidzana. Mukupedzisa, Turkey yekunze musika wekutengesa musika unokwanisa huri munzvimbo yayo yakasimba maindasitiri akasiyana zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo yakakwana yenzvimbo inonatsiridza zvivakwa zvinokwezva zvekudyara zvinokurudzira zvinotsigira hurongwa hwehurumende Izvi zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo inokwezva kumakambani ari kutsvaga kuwedzera bhizinesi ravo kusvika pasi rose.

Kana zvasvika pakusarudza zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mumusika weTurkey, pane akati wandei akakosha zvinhu zvekufunga. Turkey inowanikwa zvine hungwaru pamharadzano dzeEurope neAsia, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekutengesa. Iyo ine hupfumi hwakasiyana hune zvikamu zvakasimba zvekugadzira zvinosanganisira mota, machira, zvemagetsi, uye maindasitiri ekugadzira chikafu. Kuti uone zvingangotengeswa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muTurkey, heano mamwe matanho ekutevera: 1. Tsvakurudza musika: Ita tsvakiridzo yemusika kuti unzwisise zvinodiwa nevatengi uye maitiro. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nemishumo kubva kumasangano ekutengeserana, masangano ehurumende, kana nekuenda kumitambo yekutengeserana uye kuratidzwa. 2. Ziva niche mikana: Tarisa mapeji mumusika anogona kuzadzwa neakasarudzika kana akasarudzika zvigadzirwa. Semuyenzaniso, vatengi veTurkey vakaratidza kufarira kwakawedzera muzvigadzirwa zvechikafu kana zvinhu zvemafashoni. 3. Funga nezvetsika nemagariro: Turkey inyika ine tsika dzakasiyana-siyana ine pesvedzero kubva kumarudzi ese ekuMabvazuva nekuMadokero. Nzwisisa tsika nemagariro emunharaunda paunenge uchisarudza zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kunze kuti uone kuti zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. 4. Kuvimbiswa kwehutano: Vatengi veTurkey vanokoshesa zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro pamitengo yemakwikwi. Ita shuwa kuti zvinhu zvako zvakasarudzwa zvinosangana nemhando dzepasi rose uye zvinopa kukosha kwakanaka kwemari. 5. Ongororo yemakwikwi: Dzidza zvinopihwa nevakwikwidzi vemunharaunda kuti uone zvingangove zvikamu zvechigadzirwa paunogona kuzvisiyanisa nekupa chimwe chinhu chakasiyana kana chiri nani pane chiripo parizvino. 6. Kudiwa kwemhiri kwemakungwa: Funga nezvemaitiro epasirese uye zvinodiwa paunenge uchisarudza zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kunze kubva kuTurkey nekuti izvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kubudirira kwavo kunze kwenyika. 7 . Kutevedza mitemo: Zvijairirane nemirau yekunze kwenyika, mabasa etsika, zvinodikanwa zvekuisa mazita, mwero wedziviriro pamisika inonangwa sezvo izvi zvichigona kukanganisa maitiro ekusarudza chigadzirwa chako zvinoenderana; 8 . Vaka hukama munharaunda : Gadzira kudyidzana nevatengesi vepanzvimbo vanovimbika vanonzwisisa musika wepamba zvakanaka; izvi zvinogona kubatsira kufamba zvipingamupinyi zvinokwanisika paunenge uchiendesa kunze zvigadzirwa zvako zvakasarudzwa zvinobudirira. Nekutevera nhanho idzi uye kugara uchigadziridzwa pane zvinodiwa nevatengi uye mafambiro epasirese, iwe uchave wakamisikidzwa zviri nani kusarudza zvinopisa-zvinotengeswa zvekutengesa kunze mumusika weTurkey.

Turkey, nyika inoyambuka inofamba kuEastern Europe neWestern Asia, ine yakasarudzika hunhu hwevatengi uye tsika dzetsika. Vatengi veTurkey vanozivikanwa nekugamuchira vaeni uye kudziya kune vashanyi. Vanodada nekubata vaenzi neruremekedzo uye nerupo. Paunenge uchiita bhizinesi muTurkey, tarisira kukwaziswa nechido uye kupihwa tii kana kofi sechiratidzo chekugamuchira vaeni. Kuvaka hukama kwakakosha muTurkey bhizinesi tsika. Kubatana kwako pachako kunokosheswa zvakanyanya, saka kutora nguva yekumisikidza kuvimba uye hukama nevatengi vako veTurkey kwakakosha. Kuvaka hukama hwakasimba kunogona kutungamirira kuhukama hwenguva refu. Vatengi veTurkey vanokoshesa kutaurirana kwakananga asi zvakare vanokoshesa hunyengeri kana zvasvika pakutaurirana kana kukurukura nyaya dzinonetsa. Kunyanya kuita zvehasha kana kusundidzira kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana, saka zvakakosha kuchengetedza chiyero pakati pekusimbisa nekuremekedza. Pfungwa ye "nguva" inogona kunzwisiswa zvakasiyana nevatengi veTurkey vachienzaniswa nedzimwe tsika. Kubata nguva kunokosheswa asi panowanzo shanduka kana zvasvika kumarongwa kana mazuva ekupedzisira nekuda kwekukosha kunoiswa pakubatana nemunhu. Gadzirira misangano inotanga kunonoka kana kuti kuchinja kunoitwa paminiti yekupedzisira. Panyaya dzetsika dzechivanhu, zvakakosha kuti usakurukure nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika kunze kwekunge wavaka hukama hwakasimba hunobva pakuvimbana uko nyaya dzakadai dzinogona kukurukurwa pachena pasina mhosva. Chitendero chinorangarirwawo kuva chakaoma; dzivisa kutsoropodza kana kuti kusaremekedza zvitendero zvipi nezvipi zvorudzidziso. Uyezve, kuratidza ruremekedzo kuvakuru kunoremekedzwa zvikuru munzanga yeTurkey; saka, kupa ruremekedzo kune vatengi vakura panguva yemisangano kunogona kuonekwa sechiratidzo chetsika dzakanaka. Chekupedzisira, yeuka kuti kunwiwa kwedoro kunosiyana pakati pevanhu nekuda kwezvinotendwa nechitendero chechiIslam kuva chitendero cheruzhinji muTurkey - saka gara uine hungwaru kana uchinwa doro panguva yekudya kwebhizinesi kana zviitiko. Kunzwisisa aya hunhu hwevatengi uye tsika dzetsika zvinokugonesa kufamba zvakabudirira kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwebhizinesi nevamwe vako veTurkey uchiremekedza tsika netsika dzavo.

Turkey ine yakanyatsogadziriswa tsika manejimendi system inoita kuti zvinhu uye vanhu vafambe zvakanaka mumiganhu yayo. Vakuru vetsika yeTurkey vane basa rekutarisa nekugadzirisa kupinza, kutumira kunze, uye kutamiswa kwezvinhu mukati menyika. Kana vapinda muTurkey, vafambi vanofanira kuziva mimwe mitemo nemirau inotevedzwa netsika dzeTurkey. Izvi zvinosanganisira: 1. Customs Declaration: Vafambi vari kupinda kana kubuda muTurkey vanofanira kuzadza fomu rekuzivisa tsika (rinowanikwa panhandare dzendege, zviteshi, nepamiganhu yenyika) kana vakatakura mari inodarika 10 000 Euros kana kuti yakaenzana nayo mune dzimwe mari. 2. Zvinhu zvakarambidzwa: Zvimwe zvinhu zviri pasi pezvirambidzo kana kurambidzwa pakupinda kana kubuda muTurkey. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvombo, zvinodhaka, zvinhu zvekunyepedzera, zvetsika nemagariro zvisina magwaro akakodzera, uye chero chinhu chinoonekwa sechinokanganisa hutano hweveruzhinji. 3. Zvibvumirano zvemahara: Pane miganhu pahuwandu hwezvinhu zvisingabhadharisi zvinogona kuunzwa muTurkey. Izvi zvibvumirano zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa (doro, zvigadzirwa zvefodya) uye nzira yekufambisa (mhepo kana pasi). Zvakakosha kuomerera kumiganhu iyi kuti udzivise zvirango. 4. Kusabvumirwa kushandisa: Vashanyi vanogona kuunza zvinhu zvavo zvavo zvakadai sembatya nemidziyo yemagetsi kuti vashandise ivo pachavo pasina kubhadhara mitero kana kuti mitero chero bedzi isina kurongwa kutengeswa. 5. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika / kunze kwenyika kunorambidzwa: Zvimwe zvinhu zvinorambidzwa zvachose kubva kune dzimwe nyika / kutengeswa kubva kuTurkey nekuda kwekuchengeteka kana zvibvumirano zvepasi rose. Mienzaniso inosanganisira zvinodhaka, mamwe makemikari, zvigadzirwa zvemhuka dziri mungozi yekutsakatika zvakachengetedzwa pasi peCITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), nezvimwewo. 6. Kodzero dzevatyairi vendege & mabasa eruzivo :Nekudaro, mamiriro akatemerwa nemirau achashanda mune zviitiko apo kurasikirwa kwakakuvadzwa kunoitika pakufamba nepapasipoti nzira dzakapihwa zvakajeka dzichanyorwa zvinoenderana. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vafambi vajairane nemitemo iyi yetsika vasati vashanyira Turkey kuitira kudzivirira chero mhedzisiro isingadiwe panguva yerwendo rwavo.

Mutengo wemitengo yekunze weTurkey chinhu chakakosha pahurongwa hwayo hwekutengeserana. Nyika yakaisa hurongwa hwemitengo inofambira mberi hunoenderana neHarmonized System (HS) macode, ayo anoisa zvigadzirwa mumapoka akasiyana zvichienderana nehunhu hwazvo uye chinangwa chekushandisa. Mutengo weTurkey import tariff unotangira pa0% kusvika 130%, zvichienderana nechikamu chechigadzirwa. Zero-yakatemerwa zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira zvakakosha semushonga, mabhuku, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira maitiro. Zvinhu izvi zvinopinda munyika pasina mumwe mutoro wemutero. Zvichakadaro, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinokwezva mazinga akasiyana-siyana emitero zvichienderana neHS code classification. Semuyenzaniso, muchina nemidziyo yemhando yepamusoro-soro inoenderana nemitengo yakaderera yekunze, nepo zvinhu zvevatengi zvakaita semachira, zvemagetsi, uye mota zvine mutero wepamusoro wavakatemerwa. Pamusoro pezvo, Turkey inoisa mutero-wakawedzerwa mutero (VAT) pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika pamwero wakajairwa we18%. Mutero uyu unoverengerwa zvichienderana nemutengo wemutengo unosanganisira inishuwarenzi nemitengo yekutakura yakaitwa kudzamara zvinhu zvasvika kutsika dzeTurkey. Nekudaro, mamwe mapoka chaiwo anogona kunge ari pasi pemitengo yakasiyana yeVAT kana kusasununguka zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo kana marongero ehurumende. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti Turkey inewo zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nenyika dzinoverengeka zvinopa rubatsiro rwakanyanya maererano nekuderedzwa kwemitero kana kunyange kuwanikwa kwemahara kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera pasi pezvibvumirano izvi. Aya mareti akasarudzika ane chinangwa chekusimudzira kudyidzana kwehupfumi uye kusimbisa kudyidzana pakati peTurkey nevanodyidzana nayo. Pakazere, mutemo weTurkey wemitengo yekunze une chinangwa chekuenzanisa pakati pekuchengetedza maindasitiri emumba uye kusimudzira kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika nekuona kukwikwidza kwakanaka mumusika wepasi rose.

Turkey, senyika ichiri kusimukira, yakashandisa mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yemitero kusimudzira indasitiri yayo yekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinoiswa mutero pasi pemamwe mamiriro nemirau. Turkey inotevera kukosha-yakawedzerwa mutero (VAT) sisitimu yezvakawanda zvayo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Iyo yakajairwa VAT mwero wezvinhu zvinogadzirwa muTurkey i18%. Zvakadaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinogona kukodzera kuderedzwa mitengo kana kuregererwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwazvo uye kwazvinoenda. Kuti ukurudzire mabhizinesi akanangana nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, Turkey inopa akati wandei emitero yekukurudzira uye kusasununguka. Makambani anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kazhinji haabhadhare mutero wekambani pamari yaanowana kunze kwenyika. Ichi chiyero chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kukwikwidza kwezvigadzirwa zveTurkey mumisika yepasirese. Zvakare, Turkey yakagadzira nzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzemahara (FTZs) munyika yese iyo inopa mamwe mabhenefiti kune vanotengesa kunze. Aya maFTZ anopa kuregererwa mutero wemitero uye VAT pamidziyo yakabikwa kubva kunze kwenyika inoshandiswa mukugadzira inongotengeswa kunze kwenyika mukati menzvimbo idzi. Izvi zvinoderedza mitengo yekugadzira, zvichiita kuti kutengesa kunze kuve nemakwikwi pasi rose. Mitero yetsika chimwe chikamu chemutemo weTurkey wekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Mitero yeCustoms inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa chiri kutumirwa kunze kwenyika uye nyika/dunhu rekuenda. Mutero wetsika unoitwa zvichienderana nezvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvakasainwa neTurkey kana unilaterally nehurumende yeTurkey. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kutaura kuti mitero inogona kuchinja nguva nenguva nekuda kwenhaurirano dzekutengeserana kana shanduko yemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti vanotengesa kunze vazive nezve mitero yakagadziridzwa pavanenge vachiita bhizinesi nenyika dzakasiyana. Muchidimbu, Turkey inoshandisa kukosha-yakawedzerwa mutero sisitimu ine zvimwe zvisingabhadharwe uye yakaderedzwa mitengo yezvinhu zvayo kunze kwenyika. Hurumende inopa zvimwe zvinokurudzira zvakaita sekuregererwa kubva kumitero yemuhoro yemakambani kumakambani anotengesa kunze uye mabhenefiti anopihwa mukati menzvimbo dzekutengeserana pasina. Kunzwisisa zvakatemwa zvetsika zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa nenzvimbo kwakakosha paunenge uchitumira kunze kubva kuTurkey nekuda kwekushanduka kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwezvibvumirano zvepasi rose kana mamiriro ehupfumi.

Turkey inyika iri pamharadzano dzeEurope neAsia, inozivikanwa nenhoroondo yayo yakapfuma uye nhaka yetsika. Nyika ine hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana, uhwo hunovimba zvakanyanya nemabasa ekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuitira kuti hupfumi hwenyika husimukire. Turkey yakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekupa zvitupa kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye kutevedza kwezvinhu zvayo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Imwe yakakosha setifiketi yekuburitsa kunze kwenyika muTurkey ndeyeTurkey Standards Institution (TSE) Chitupa. Ichi chitupa chinovimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chinosangana nemiyero yakatarwa neTSE, kusanganisira mhando, chengetedzo, uye zvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa. TSE inoongorora uye bvunzo pane zvigadzirwa isati yapa chitupa ichi, ichipa vimbiso kune vatengi vekunze kuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zveTurkey ndezvemhando yepamusoro. Vatengesi veTurkey kunze kwenyika vanogona zvakare kuwana ISO 9001 certification, vachiratidza kuzvipira kwavo kuchengetedza inoshanda yemhando yekutonga system. Ichi chitupa chinotarisa pakuvandudza kugutsikana kwevatengi nekuzadzisa zvavanoda nguva dzose. Izvo hazvingokwidziri kuvimbika kwevatengesi veTurkey kunze kwenyika asi zvakare inovhura mikova yemikana yebhizinesi pasi rese. Pamusoro pezvo, Halal Certification yakawana kukosha mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekuwedzera kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zve halal pasi rose. Halal Certification inova nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvinoteerana nemitemo yechiIslam yechikafu nemirairo. Kunyika dzine maMuslim-zhinji kana matunhu ane vanhu vakawanda vechiMuslim semisika inogona kutengesa kunze kwenyika yeTurkey, chitupa ichi chinopa mukana wekukwikwidza mukukwezva vatengi. Zvakare, Zvitupa Zvekuteerera zvakakosha kumaindasitiri akati wandei ane chekuita nekutengesa kunze kwenyika senge machira uye zvikamu zvembatya nekuda kwekuchinja kunogara kuchidiwa mumutemo zvine chekuita nemirairo yekurevera kana kurambidzwa kushandiswa kwezvinhu. Pakazere, Turkey inokoshesa zvikuru zvitupa zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika sezvo vachiita basa rakakosha kwete mukufambisa kutengeserana chete asiwo nekuona kugutsikana kwevatengi uye kuvimba mumhando dzemhando dzezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Turkey inyika iri pamharadzano dzeEurope neAsia, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekutakura zvinhu uye masevhisi ekufambisa. Iine hurongwa hwayo hwenzvimbo, Turkey inoshanda segedhi pakati pemakondinendi uye inopa akasiyana mabhenefiti. Istanbul, guta hombe muTurkey, inzvimbo huru yekufambisa inobatanidza Europe neAsia. Iine nhandare dzendege mbiri dzepasi rose - Istanbul Airport uye Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - iyo inobata mamirioni ekutakura zvinhu pagore. Idzi nhandare dzendege dzine nzvimbo dzakakura dzekutakura zvinhu uye dzinopa masevhisi ekufambisa emhepo kunzvimbo dzepasirese. Pamusoro pekufambisa kwemhepo, Turkey zvakare ine yakanakisa migwagwa network inoibatanidza nenyika dzakavakidzana. Mugwagwa mukuru weE80, unozivikanwawo seTrans-European Motorway kana International System of Automobile Routes (E-road), unopfuura nemuTurkey uye unopa mukana nyore kuenda kunyika dzekuMadokero kweEurope dzakaita seGreece, Bulgaria, Serbia, neRomania. Turkey maritime zvivakwa chimwe chinhu chinokosha indasitiri yayo Logistics. Iyo ine zviteshi zvakakura zvakati wandei padivi pemahombekombe ayo inobata yakakura mavhoriyamu emidziyo traffic. Iyo Port yeIzmir paGungwa reAegean chimwe chiteshi chengarava chinozivikanwa nekusarudzika kwekutakura midziyo. Zvimwe zviteshi zvine mukurumbira zvinosanganisira Ambarli Port yeIstanbul uye Mersin Port paGungwa reMedithera. Kune makambani ari kutsvaga nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu muTurkey, kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemaindasitiri dzine hunyanzvi munyika yese dzinopa nzvimbo dzakashongedzerwa dzemidziyo ine zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvekuchengetera. Aya matura anobatsira maindasitiri akasiyana semotokari, zvemagetsi, machira, kugadzira chikafu, nezvimwe, zvichipa nzvimbo yakakwana yekuchengetera zvinhu zvakamirira kugoverwa kana kutumira kunze kwenyika. Hurumende yeTurkey yanga ichidyara mari mukuvandudza hupfumi hwayo mumakore achangopfuura. Mapurojekiti akadai sekuvaka migwagwa mitsva pakati pemaguta anowedzera kubatana ukuwo kukwidziridzwa kwakakosha panhandare dzendege kunovavarira kuwedzera huwandu hwevafambi uye kutakura zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, Turkey inopa mamiriro ehupfumi akanaka akadai semitengo yemakwikwi evashandi kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo inoyevedza yekugadzira kana kugovera mabasa. Mitemo yeTurkey yetsika haina kusununguka, uye vakaunza matanho ekurerutsa maitiro ekutumira kunze kwenyika, kuderedza hutongi. red tape uye kufambisa maitiro ekutengeserana. Nenzvimbo yayo yakarongeka yenzvimbo, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano, uye nharaunda yebhizinesi yakanaka, Turkey inopa hurongwa hwezvirongwa zvemabhizinesi anoshanda mudunhu rino. Zvingave zvekutakura nemhepo, kutakura migwagwa, kutakura zvikepe kana zvivakwa zvekuchengetera zvinhu, Turkey ine zvivakwa zvinodiwa uye masevhisi ekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanaka.

Zviratidziro zvakakosha zvekutengeserana

Turkey inyika yakarongeka iri pamharadzano dzeEurope neAsia. Yakave hubhu yakakosha yekutengeserana kwenyika uye inokwezva vatengi vepasi rose nevashambadziri. Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura mamwe akakosha epasi rose ekusimudzira mutengi nzira uye kuratidzwa muTurkey. 1. Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO): ITO ndiyo imwe yemakamuri makuru ekutengeserana muTurkey, inoshanda sechinhu chinokosha chevatengi vemarudzi ose. Inoronga zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvenetwork, bhizinesi matchmaking zvikamu, uye mishoni dzekutengesa dzinobatanidza vatengesi venzvimbo nevatengi vepasirese. 2. Istanbul Exporters 'Association (IEA): Sesangano rinomiririra vatengesi vanobva kune akasiyana siyana, IEA inoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidza vagadziri veTurkey nevatengi vekunze. Inoronga zviratidziro, misangano yevatengi-vatengesi, uye nhume dzekutengesa kuvaka hukama hwebhizinesi. 3. Mapuratifomu epasi rose eB2B: Mapuratifomu akawanda epamhepo anofambisa kudyidzana kweB2B pakati pevatengesi veTurkey nevatengi vepasirese. Aya mapuratifomu anosanganisira Alibaba.com's Turkey chiteshi, TradeKey.com musika weTurkey, kana Made-in-China chikamu chakatsaurirwa kune vatengesi veTurkey. 4. Tuyap Exhibition Group: Tuyap ndomumwe wevarongi vezviratidziro muTurkey uyo pagore anotora mitambo yekutengeserana yakawanda ine mukurumbira pasi rose inokwezva zviuru zvevagadziri vemo pamwe nevatengi vekunze. Zvimwe zvakakurumbira zvinosanganisira: - Zuchex: Chiratidziro chakanangana nezvinhu zvemumba, fenicha, zvigadzirwa zvemachira zvepamba zvinokwezva vese vari munyika nevekunze. - Hostech naTusid: Ichi chiratidziro chinobata kune nyanzvi kubva muindasitiri yekugamuchira vaenzi inoratidza akasiyana michina uye matekinoroji ane chekuita nemahotera. - Istanbul Jewelry Show: Imwe yemitambo inotungamira pasi rose yezvishongo uko vatengesi vepasirese vanopa matombo emhando yepamusoro, zvishongedzo pamwe nekuwana akasiyana dhizaini. -ISAF Chengetedzo Exhibition: Chiitiko chakatsaurirwa chevashandi vekuchengetedza maindasitiri uko zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvinoratidzwa nemakambani emuno eTurkey pamwe nevatambi vepasirese. 5. Izmir International Fair (IEF): Inozivikanwa se "sangano hombe rakasarudzika" muTurkey kubvira 1923, IEF inotora chikamu chakakura cheindasitiri kubva kumotokari kuenda kumichina, zvemagetsi zvevatengi kune chikafu nechinwiwa. Inopa puratifomu yevatengi vepasirese kuti vaongorore vagadziri veTurkey uye kugadzira kudyidzana kwebhizinesi. 6. Antalya EXPO: Inoitwa kamwe chete makore mashanu kubva 1998 muAntalya, iyi ndeimwe yemitambo mikuru yekutengeserana inokwezva vatori vechikamu kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana sekuvaka, zvekurima, machira, hutano hwehutano, nezvimwe. Inopa mikana yakanakisa yevatengi vekunze vanotsvaga vatengesi veTurkey mumaindasitiri mazhinji. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma pakati pezviitwa zvekusimudzira kutengeserana zviri kuitika muTurkey gore rese. Nzvimbo yenyika ine hunyanzvi uye kubatanidzwa mune zvekutengeserana kwepasi rose kunoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka kune vatengi vekunze vanotsvaga vatengesi vanovimbika nemikana yekudyara.

Common search engines

MuTurkey, injini dzekutsvaga dzinonyanya kushandiswa ndeidzi: 1. Google (www.google.com.tr): Sezvakangoita kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, Google ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa injini yekutsvaga muTurkey zvakare. Inopa mhinduro dzakakwana dzekutsvaga uye masevhisi akasiyana semepu, shanduro, nhau, nezvimwe. 2. Yandex (www.yandex.com.tr): Yandex inyanzvi yekutsvaga yeRussia iyo inewo huvepo hwakakosha muTurkey. Inopa kutsvaga pawebhu pamwe nemamwe masevhisi seemail, mepu, mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwe. 3. E-Devlet (www.turkiye.gov.tr): E-Devlet inzvimbo yepamutemo yehurumende yeTurkey inopa mabasa akasiyana-siyana epaindaneti kuvagari. Iyi puratifomu inosanganisira injini yekutsvaga yekupa mukana kune zviwanikwa zvehurumende uye ruzivo zvine chekuita nemasangano everuzhinji. 4. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing yeMicrosoft ine mashandisirwo akanaka pakati pevashandisi veinternet vekuTurkey asi isingazivikanwe seGoogle kana Yandex. Inopa huwandu hwekutsvaga kwewebhu kushanda pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakaita sekutsvaga kwemufananidzo uye vhidhiyo. 5. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com.tr): Zvisinei nemukurumbira wayo pasi rose munguva dzakapfuura, Yahoo haisi kushandiswa zvakanyanya neveTurkey netizens nhasi pakutsvaga pawebhu; zvisinei, ichiri akabata kumwe kukosha maererano neemail uye nhau masevhisi. Aya mashanu ari pakati peinjini dzinotungamira kana dzinowanzo shandiswa muTurkey; zvisinei, zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti panogona kunge paine mamwe mapuratifomu emunharaunda kana injini dzehunyanzvi dzinopa mamwe maindasitiri mukati menyika.

Mapeji makuru eyero

Turkey's main Yellow Pages madhairekitori ndeaya: 1. Yellow Pages Turkey: Iri ndiro dhairekitori repamhepo reYellow Pages muTurkey, richipa rondedzero yebhizinesi yakazara zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana. Kero yepawebhusaiti ndeye https://www.yellowpages.com.tr/. 2. Runhare Bhuku reTurkey: Dhairekitori rine mukurumbira rinopa ruzivo rwekufonerana nevanhu nemabhizinesi muTurkey yese. Unogona kuiwana pa https://www.phonebookofturkey.com/. 3. Saha İstanbul: Iri dhairekitori reYellow Pages rinotarisa mabhizinesi ari muIstanbul, guta guru muTurkey. Inosanganisira mapoka akasiyana-siyana akadai semotokari, maresitorendi, pekugara, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti ndeye http://www.sahaisimleri.org/. 4. Ticaret Rehberi: Imwe dhairekitori yakazara kwaunogona kuwana ruzivo nezvemabhizinesi anoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana muTurkey. Iyo inovhara akawanda masekete uye inopa yekuonana nechero bhizinesi rakanyorwa. Svika kuburikidza ne http://ticaretrehberi.net/. 5. Gelirler Rehberi (Nhungamiro Yemari): Yakanyatsogadzirirwa kunyora mabhizinesi anounza mari muTurkey, dhairekitori iri rinobatsira vashandisi kuwana mikana yekudyara kana kudyidzana nekuisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana maindasitiri uye avo vaanosangana navo. Ndokumbira utarise kuti aya madhairekitori anogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuvandudzwa uye zvitsva zvekuwedzera pamusika; saka, zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kuti utarise kaviri chimiro chavo chazvino usati wavimba navo chete kune bhizinesi kana ruzivo rwekutaura.

Nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana

Turkey, nyika inotenderera inowanikwa zvakanyanya paAnatolian Peninsula kuWestern Asia, yakaona kukura kwakakura mumapuratifomu e-commerce mumakore achangopfuura. Mamwe emapuratifomu makuru e-commerce muTurkey anosanganisira: 1. Trendyol - Ndiyo imwe yemapuratifomu makuru uye ane mukurumbira ekutenga online muTurkey. Trendyol inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa mumapoka akasiyana akadai sefashoni, zvemagetsi, runako, zvekushongedza pamba, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: www.trendyol.com 2. Hepsiburada - Inofungidzirwa semumwe wemapiyona ekutenga online muTurkey, Hepsiburada inopa sarudzo yakakura yezvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira midziyo, zvemagetsi, zvinhu zvefashoni, fenicha, midziyo yemumba nezvimwe zvakawanda. Webhusaiti: www.hepsiburada.com 3. Gittigidiyor - Inozivikanwa semusika wekutanga wepamhepo wakatangwa muTurkey kumashure muna 2001 isati yatengwa neBay Inc., Gittigidiyor ichiri imwe yemapuratifomu e-commerce ane mukurumbira ane vatengesi vakasiyana vachipa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana. Webhusaiti: www.gittigidiyor.com 4. n11 - Imwe chikuva chakanyatsogadziriswa chekutenga online chine akasiyana siyana emhando yezvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira fashoni zvevarume nevakadzi zvinhu zvembatya zvemagetsi gadget matoyi midziyo yemumba cosmetics personal care products etc. Webhusaiti: www.n11.com 5. Morhipo - Chikuva chefashion-focused e-commerce chikuva cheBoyner Group - imwe yemakambani ekutengesa eTurkey anotungamira mumhando dzembatya dzevarume nevakadzi pakati pezvimwe zvigadzirwa sezvishongo zveshangu nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: www.morhipo.com 6. Vatan Bilgisayar - Iyi puratifomu inonyanya kukoshesa zvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji kubva kumakomputa kusvika kumafoni emafoni pamwe chete nemagetsi emagetsi emitambo software zvirongwa nezvimwe, zvichisangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi zvetekinoroji kubvira 1983. Ndokumbira utarise kuti iyi ingori mimwe mienzaniso uye kune mamwe madiki asi akakosha e-commerce mapuratifomu anowanikwa mukati meTurkey's digital market space futi.

Nzvimbo huru dzesocial media

Turkey ine huwandu hwakawanda hwesocial media mapuratifomu anozivikanwa pakati pehuwandu hwayo. Mamwe eanonyanya kushandiswa pasocial media mapuratifomu muTurkey anosanganisira: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ndeimwe yeanotungamira masocial network pasi rose, uye inozivikanwa zvakanyanya muTurkey zvakare. Inobvumira vashandisi kubatana neshamwari, kugovana zvigadziriso, mafoto, uye mavhidhiyo. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter is a microblogging platform apo vashandisi vanogona kutumira mameseji mapfupi anonzi "tweets." Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muTurkey pakugovana nhau, maonero, uye kuita hurukuro. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ipuratifomu yepikicha uye vhidhiyo-yekugovera iyo vashandisi vanogona kurodha mapikicha kana mavhidhiyo mapfupi pamwe nemifananidzo uye hashtag. Inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevechidiki veTurkey. 4. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn inyanzvi yewebhusaiti inoshandiswa nevanhu kuratidza ruzivo rwavo rwebasa, kubatana nevanoshanda navo kana vangangove vashandirwi, uye kuongorora mikana yebasa. 5. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube ipuratifomu yekugovera mavhidhiyo apo vashandisi vanogona kurodha, kuona, kufarira kana kutaura nezvemavhidhiyo anotumirwa nevamwe. Vazhinji vagadziri vezvinyorwa zveTurkey vakawana mukurumbira kuburikidza nepuratifomu iyi. 6. TikTok (www.tiktok.com): TikTok yakaona kukura kwakakosha mukuzivikanwa muTurkey nguva pfupi yadarika; inobvumira vashandisi kugadzira uye kugovera mavhidhiyo mapfupi akaiswa kumumhanzi kana zvimedu zvekuteerera. 7. Snapchat: Kunyangwe pasina webhusaiti yepamutemo yeSnapchat sezvo ichinyanya kushandiswa senharembozha; yakakurumbira pakati pevadiki vechiTurkey vanoishandisa kutumira mafoto/mavhidhiyo anonyangarika kana kutumira nyaya dzinogara kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Aya ndiwo mamwe emapuratifomu mazhinji enhau anowanikwa muTurkey; zvisinei, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriyoni evanhu mumapoka emazera akasiyana-siyana pakukurukurirana, kugadzira zvinyorwa / kugovera zvinangwa pamwe nekugara uchivandudzwa pamusoro pezviitiko zvazvino uye maitiro mukati menyika uye pasi rose.

Masangano makuru eindasitiri

Turkey, inyika inodarika makondinendi inowanikwa zvakanyanya paAnatolian Peninsula, inozivikanwa nehupfumi hwayo hwakasiyana uye nharaunda yebhizinesi ine simba. Heano mamwe eTurkey makuru eindasitiri mubatanidzwa pamwe nemakero ewebhusaiti yavo: 1. Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) - TIM inomiririra vatengesi veTurkey kunze kwenyika uye inosimudzira zviitiko zvekunze kunze kwezvikamu zvakasiyana. Webhusaiti: http://www.tim.org.tr/en/ 2. Turkish Industrialists 'uye Businessmen's Association (TUSIAD) - TUSIAD isangano rinotungamirira rinomiririra vashandi vemabhizimisi uye mabhizimisi muTurkey. Webhusaiti: https://www.tusiad.org/en 3. Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges yeTurkey (TOBB) - TOBB inoshanda sezwi rakabatana kumakamuri ekutengeserana, kuchinjana kwezvinhu, uye masangano ehunyanzvi muTurkey. Webhusaiti: https://www.tobb.org.tr/Sayfalar/AnaSayfa.aspx?lang=en 4. Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO) - ITO inotsigira zvido zvevatengesi, maindasitiri, vanopa masevhisi, vatengesi, mafekitori, mabhizinesi ezvitoro muIstanbul. Webhusaiti: https://www.ito.org.tr/portal/ 5. The Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Craftsmen (TESK) - TESK inomiririra vatengesi vadiki uye mhizha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana muTurkey yose. Webhusaiti: http://www.tesk.org.tr/en/ 6. Sangano reMotokari Zvikamu & Zvikamu Vagadziri (TAYSAD) - TAYSAD inomiririra vanogadzira zvikamu zvemotokari muTurkey. Webhusaiti: http://en.taysad.org/ 7. Building Contractors Confederation Of Turkiye(MUSAİD)- MUSAİD inomiririra makondirakiti ekuvaka muTurkey. Nzvimbo yepaIndaneti: http://musaid.gtb.gov.tr/tr 8.Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation(TETAŞ)-TETAŞ inotarisa mabasa ekufambisa magetsi munyika yose. webhusaiti: https://tetas.teias.gov.tr/en/Pages/default.aspx 9. Sangano reTurkey Travel Agencies (TÜRSAB) - TÜRSAB inomiririra masangano ekufambisa uye masangano ekushanya muTurkey. Webhusaiti: https://www.tursab.org.tr/en 10. Federation of Food and Drink Industries (TGDF) - TGDF inoita sezwi remakambani emakambani echikafu nechinwiwa muTurkey. Webhusaiti: http://en.ttgv.org.tr/ Iyi ingori mimwe mienzaniso yemasangano ane mukurumbira eindasitiri muTurkey. Nyika ine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, rimwe nerimwe riine mubatanidzwa waro rinoenderana, richiratidza mamiriro ebhizimusi emunyika.

Bhizinesi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti

Turkey, nyika inotenderera inowanikwa zvakanyanya paAnatolian Peninsula muWestern Asia uye Southeastern Europe, ine akasiyana siyana ehupfumi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti anobatsira maindasitiri akasiyana. Pazasi pane mamwe akakurumbira eTurkey ehupfumi uye ekutengeserana mawebhusaiti: 1. Isai mari muTurkey: Iyi webhusaiti yepamutemo inopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvemikana yekudyara muTurkey, kusanganisira zvikamu zvakakosha, zvinokurudzira, mirau, uye nyaya dzebudiriro. Webhusaiti: https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/ 2. Istanbul Chamber of Commerce: Webhusaiti yeIstanbul Chamber of Commerce inopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwezvekutengesa nezvemisika yeIstanbul, mabasa edhairekitori rebhizinesi, kalendari yezviitiko, uye mikana yebhizinesi repasi rese. Webhusaiti: https://www.ito.org.tr/en/ 3. Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM): TIM isangano rinomiririra vanopfuura zviuru zana vanotengesa kunze kwenyika muTurkey. Webhusaiti yayo inopa huwandu hwezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuTurkey pamwe nemisika mishumo yenyika dzakasiyana. Webhusaiti: https://tim.org.tr/en 4. Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEIK): DEIK ine chinangwa chekubatsira mukuvandudza hukama hwehupfumi hweTurkey nekusimudzira kudyidzana pakati pemakambani emunyika neekunze kuburikidza nemakomiti ayo akasiyana-siyana. Webhusaiti: https://deik.org.tr/ 5. Ministry of Trade - Republic of Turkey: Iyi webhusaiti yepamutemo yehurumende inogovera zvinyorwa zvemashoko pamusoro pemitemo yekutengeserana, mitemo ine chokuita nekutengesa / kunze kwenyika muTurkey, mishumo yekuongorora misika, nezvimwe. Nzvimbo yepaIndaneti: http://www.trade.gov.tr/index.html 6. KOSGEB (Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organisation): KOSGEB inotsigira mabhizimisi madiki nekupa zvirongwa zvemari yezvirongwa zvitsva pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekudzidzisa vanamuzvinabhizimisi. Webhusaiti: http://en.kosgeb.gov.tr/homepage 7. Turkish Industry & Business Association (TUSIAD): TUSIAD isangano rine simba risingabatsiri rinomiririra hurumende yeTurkey yakazvimirira munyika uye pasi rose; webhusaiti yavo inovhara mapepa ekuzivisa nezvenyaya dzehupfumi pamwe nemishumo yeindasitiri. Webhusaiti: https://tusiad.us/news-archive/ 8.Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK): TUIK inopa nhamba yedata pazvikamu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira zvekurima, indasitiri, uye masevhisi. Webhusaiti yavo inopa mukana kune yazvino manhamba mishumo uye zviratidzo. Webhusaiti: https://turkstat.gov.tr/ Ndokumbira utarise kuti mawebhusaiti aya anogona kuchinjwa kana kuvandudzwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa chero shanduko mumakero ewebhusaiti kana mapuratifomu usati waawana.

Trade data query mawebhusaiti

Turkey ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakakosha maererano nekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika uye ine nhamba dzakavimbika dzepamhepo mapuratifomu ekuwana data rekutengeserana. Heano mamwe mawebhusaiti anopa ruzivo rwakakwana nezveTurkey manhamba ekutengesa: 1. Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) - Iri sangano repamutemo rinopa huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hwehuwandu, kusanganisira nhamba dzekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika. Iyo webhusaiti inopa ruzivo rwakadzama nezve kunze kwenyika, kunze kwenyika, uye chiyero chekubhadhara. Unogona kuwana dhatabhesi yavo pa www.turkstat.gov.tr. 2. Turkish Exporters 'Assembly (TIM) - TIM inomiririra nharaunda yevatengesi muTurkey uye inokurudzira kutengesa kunze kweTurkey pasi rose. Webhusaiti yavo ine nhamba dzekutengeserana, kusanganisira nyika-chaiyo ruzivo uye kuparara kwechikamu. Shanyira www.tim.org.tr kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. 3. Bazi rezvekutengeserana - Webhusaiti yepamutemo yeBazi iri inoita kuti vanhu vawanikwe zviri nyore kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita nekutengeserana zvakaita senhamba dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, nhoroondo dzenyika, nhoroondo dzemisika, uye ongororo yeindasitiri pawww.trade.gov.tr. 4. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) - Sebhangi guru renyika, CBRT inopa zviratidzo zvehupfumi uye nhamba dzemusika wemari iyo inogona kubatsira pakuongorora kutengeserana kweTurkey kune dzimwe nyika. Tarisa webhusaiti yavo www.tcmb.gov.tr kune mishumo yakakodzera. 5. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Yakagadzirwa neWorld Bank Group, WITS inounganidza data kubva kwakasiyana-siyana kuti ipe huwandu hwakakwana hwekutengeserana kwepasirese kwenyika dzakawanda kusanganisira Turkey. Ivo vanopa yakadzama yekupinda / kunze ongororo ine customizable mafirita pa https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/TUR. 6.Turkish Custom's Administration (TCA): TCA inotarisira mabasa ose etsika muTurkey.Unogona kuwana nhamba chaiyo yekutumira / kutumira kunze zvichienderana nekodhi yezvigadzirwa, magedhi nezvimwewo. Unogona kushanyira tcigmobilsorgu.gtb.gov.tr/eng/temsilciArama.jsf yeTCA webhusaiti Rangarira kushandisa aya mawebhusaiti zvine hungwaru uchidudzira iyo data sezvo ingave ine nzira dzakasiyana kana kupatsanura zvinogona kukanganisa ongororo yako.

B2b mapuratifomu

Turkey inyika ine simba ine hupfumi huri kukura uye akawanda eB2B mapuratifomu anobatsira kune akasiyana maindasitiri. Mamwe emapuratifomu eB2B anozivikanwa muTurkey anosanganisira: 1. Alibaba.com (https://turkish.alibaba.com/): Alibaba ndeimwe yemapuratifomu makuru eB2B pasi rose, inobatanidza vatengi nevatengesi. Inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa uye masevhisi. 2. Tradekey.com (https://www.tradekey.com.tr/): TradeKey inopa mikana yekutengeserana pasi rose uye inobatsira mabhizinesi kubatana nevashambadziri, vanogadzira, uye vanogovera muTurkey. 3. Europages (https://www.europages.co.uk/business-directory-Turkey.html): Europages ibhuku repaIndaneti rinobatanidza mabhizimisi muEurope yose. Inobatsira makambani kuwana vanobatana, vatengesi, uye vatengi muTurkey. 4. Ekspermarket.com (http://www.ekspermarket.com/): Musika weEksper unotarisa pazvinhu zvemumaindasitiri zvakaita semichina, zvikamu zvemotokari, maturusi ehardware, zvichingodaro, kubatsira mabhizinesi kubatana nevatengesi vakakodzera muTurkey. 5. TurkExim (http://turkexim.gov.tr/index.cfm?action=bilgi&cid=137&menu_id=80&pageID=40&submenu_header_ID=43799&t=Birlikte_iscilik_-_manufacturing_and_partsrkal_factory_ofstri_ofrist_ofrik_ya_ya_ya_ya_manufacturing_and_partsrkal_factory_ofrist_ya_ya_manufacturing_and_partsrkal_factory_ofrik_ya_ya_ya_ya_manufacturing_ne_parts_parts_parts_parts_promotion__ &lng=en-gb): TurkExim inoshanda senzvimbo yeruzivo yevatengesi veTurkey kunze kwenyika / vatorwa kunze kwenyika kuti vawedzere hukama hwavo hwekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika nekupa zviwanikwa zvinobatsira senge mishumo yekuongorora musika uye zviitiko zvekusimudzira. 6. OpenToExport.com (https://opentoexport.com/markets/turkey/buying/): OpenToExport inopa ruzivo rwakakosha kuUK-based mabhizinesi ari kutsvaga kutengesa kunze zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi kuTurkey nekupa nhungamiro pamazano ekupinda mumusika. 7. TurkishExporter.net (https://www.turkishexporter.net/en/): Turkish Exporter inobvumira vashandisi munyika yose kuwana mukana wekubatana kwebhizimisi neTurkey kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sekurima, machira, michina, nemagetsi. 8. Ceptes.com (https://www.ceptes.com.tr/): Ceptes inonyanya kuB2B e-commerce yekambani yekuvaka muTurkey uye inopa ruzivo rwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka uye zvigadzirwa. Aya mapuratifomu anopa mikana yekuti mabhizinesi abatane nevanogona kubatirana navo, vatengesi, vagadziri, uye vatengi vanogara muTurkey. Imwe neimwe puratifomu ine yayo yakasarudzika maficha uye mabhenefiti kune vashandisi vari kutsvaga B2B kubatana.