Zviratidziro zvakakosha zvekutengeserana
Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivepo kubva 1918 kusvika 2003. Munguva yekuvapo kwayo, yaive neakakosha nzira dzekutengeserana dzepasirese dzakati wandei uye kuratidzwa kwaifambisa budiriro yayo yehupfumi.
1. International Trade Channels:
- European Union (EU): Yugoslavia yakanga ine zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nenyika dzakasiyana dzeEU, izvo zvakafambisa kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunyika idzi. Izvi zvakabvumira mabhizinesi eYugoslavia kupinda mumusika mukuru wevatengi uye kutanga hukama hwekutengesa kwenguva refu.
- Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): Yugoslavia yaive imwe yenhengo dzekutanga dzeNAM, boka renyika dzaive nechinangwa chekuramba dzakarerekera panguva yeCold War. Izvi zvakapa mikana yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika dziri nhengo dzeNAM uye zvakawedzera kusvika kweYugoslavia pasi rose.
- Eastern Bloc: Yugoslavia yakachengetedza hukama hwekutengeserana nenyika dzinoverengeka dzeEastern Bloc, kusanganisira Soviet Union nedzimwe nyika dzesocialist muEastern Europe. Izvi zvakabvumira kupinzwa kunze kwezvinhu zvakakosha uye tekinoroji inodiwa mukusimudzira maindasitiri.
2. International Exhibitions:
- Belgrade Fair: Iyo Belgrade Fair yaive imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuratidzira muYugoslavia. Yakaita mitambo yakasiyana-siyana yepasi rose, kusanganisira zviitiko zvakakosha seInternational Agriculture Fair uye International Tourism Fair. Zviratidziro izvi zvakakwezva mabhizinesi epamba neekunze ari kutsvaga kuratidza zvigadzirwa zvavo kana kutsvaga vatengesi vatsva kana vadyidzani.
- Zagreb Fair: Iri muguta guru reCroatia, Zagreb Fair yakabata akawanda maindasitiri-akanangana nekuratidzira mukati meYugoslavia. Yakapa mukana kune vanogadzira kubva kumatunhu akasiyana kuti varatidze zvigadzirwa zvavo, kukurudzira hukama hwebhizinesi, kutaurirana zvibvumirano, uye kuongorora misika yekunze.
- Novi Sad Agriculture Fair: Sezvo zvekurima zvakaita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweYugoslavia, Novi Sad Agriculture Fair yakashanda senzvimbo yakakosha yekuratidzira michina yekurima, matekinoroji, mhando dzezvipfuyo, fetereza, mbeu, nezvimwe.
Idzi nzira dzepasi rose dzekutenga zvinhu uye zviratidziro zvakagonesa mabhizinesi eYugoslavia kuti abatanidze nevatengi vepasi rose, vatengesi, uye vadyidzani.Kuwana mukana kune network dzakadai kwakabatsira kusimudzira kukura kwehupfumi uye kukurudzira kubatana kwepasirese mukutengeserana nekutengeserana.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti Yugoslavia senyika yakaguma kuvapo muna 2003. Zvichitevera kurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kusagadzikana kweupfumi, nyika yacho yakakamukana kuva nyika dzakazvimiririra dzinoverengeka, dzinosanganisira Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Bosnia, neHerzegovina. Nokudaro, mashoko anopiwa anoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu apo Yugoslavia yakanga ichiri nyika yakabatana.
Common search engines
Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEurope yaivepo kubva 1945 kusvika 1992. Zvinosuruvarisa, nekuda kwekuparara kweYugoslavia, haichavepo sechinhu chakasiyana. Naizvozvo, parizvino hapana chaiyo yekutsvaga injini yakatsaurirwa kuYugoslavia chete.
Nekudaro, kune akati wandei akakurumbira ekutsvaga injini aiwanzo shandiswa munyika dzaimbova Yugoslavia (Bosnia neHerzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, neSlovenia) vasati vawana rusununguko. Idzi injini dzekutsvaga dzichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi:
1. Google: Google ndiyo injini yekutsvaga yakakurumbira pasi rose uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika dzaimbova Yugoslavia.
Webhusaiti: www.google.com
2. Bing: Bing imwe injini yekutsvaga inonyanyozivikanwa inopa tsvakurudzo dzewebhu.
Webhusaiti: www.bing.com
3. Yahoo!: Yahoo! haina kutonga seGoogle asi ichiri kushanda seyakavimbika yekutsvaga injini sarudzo.
Webhusaiti: www.yahoo.com
4. Ebb: Ebb ijini yekutsvaga yedunhu iri muSerbia iyo inotarisa pakupa mhinduro kune vashandisi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana dzeBalkan.
Webhusaiti: www.ebb.rs
5. Najnovije vijesti: Najnovije vijesti (Nhau Dzezvino) indaneti yenhau yepamhepo inowanikwa muBosnia neHerzegovina iyo inopa zvakaunganidzwa zvenhau pamwe nebasa rayo rekutsvaga.
Webhusaiti: https://www.najnovijevijesti.ba/
6. Nova TV Igrice Portal (IGRE.hr): Nzvimbo iyi yepawebhusaiti inonyanya kutarisa nezvemitambo yepamhepo asi inosanganisirawo dhairekitori rewebhu rine chinangwa chakajairwa uye dhairekitori rakagadzirwa pawebhu rinogonesa kutsvaga mukati mepuratifomu yayo.
Webhusaiti: www.novatv-igre.hr
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti aya mawebhusaiti ataurwa anogona kushandira zvinopfuura zvinangwa zvekutsvaga; dzinogona kusanganisira nhau dzenhau kana mapuratifomu emitambo.
Nepo Yugoslavia ingave isisipo senyika yakazvimirira kubva payakaparadzana kuita nyika dzinoverengeka dzakatsiva seBosnia neHerzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, neSlovenia, vashandisi veinternet mumatunhu aya vanovimba neinjini dzekutsvaga dzataurwa pamusoro pezuva ravo- kutsvaga kwemazuva ano.
Mapeji makuru eyero
Yugoslavia yaimbova nyika muSoutheastern Europe, inoumbwa nemarepublic akati wandei. Sezvo isisipo senyika yakabatana, hapana mapeji eyero chaiwo eYugoslavia. Nekudaro, ini ndinogona kukupa mamwe akakosha mawebhusaiti ane hukama nemarepublic akasiyana akaumba Yugoslavia:
1. Serbia: Mapeji yeyero eSerbia anogona kuwanikwa pawebhusaiti yeTelekom Serbia, kambani inotungamira yekufambisa mashoko munyika muno: www.telekom.rs/en/home.html
2. Croatia: Kune mapeji yeyero muCroatia, unogona kushanyira Zutestranice.com, iyo inopa bhizinesi dhairekitori masevhisi uye yekuonana ruzivo: www.zute-stranice.com/en/
3. Bosnia neHerzegovina: Vanhu uye mabhizimisi muBosnia neHerzegovina vanogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neBijele Strane (White Pages) pawww.bijelistrani.ba/
4. Montenegro: Telekom Crne Gore inopa dhairekitori yepamhepo yeMontenegro pa www.telekom.me/en/business/directory
5. Slovenia: Mapeji machena eSlovenia (Beli Strani) anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neSimobil webhusaiti yepamutemo pa https://www.simobil.si/telefonski-imenik
Ndokumbira utarise kuti mawebhusaiti aya anogona kunyanya kupa madhairekitori emapeji machena kana zvakajairika bhizinesi zvinyorwa pane zvechinyakare yeyero mapeji kushambadzira anopa masevhisi kana zvigadzirwa.
Zvakakosha kubvuma kuti Yugoslavia yakanyudzwa panguva yekunetsana kwakasiyana muma1990 uye yakabva yatsiviwa nenyika dzakazvimirira dzakaita seSerbia, Croatia, Bosnia neHerzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, Kosovo*, Macedonia*, nezvimwe.
*Kosovo neNorth Macedonia dzinozivikanwa nedzimwe nyika asi dzisingabvumwa pasi rose senyika dzakazvimirira pasi pemazita avanoda nekuda kwemakakatanwa pamusoro pehutongi.
Nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana
Yugoslavia yaimbova nyika muSoutheastern Europe, iyo yakaparara muma1990. Kunyangwe Yugoslavia isisipo, panguva yekuvapo kwayo, pakanga pasina akakosha e-commerce mapuratifomu sezvatinazvo nhasi. Pfungwa ye e-commerce yakanga ichiri mudiki panguva iyoyo.
Nekudaro, kana iwe uri kureva nyika dzanhasi dzakabuda mushure mekuparara kweYugoslavia, seSerbia neCroatia, ivo vane yavo chaiyo e-commerce mapuratifomu. Heano mamwe mashoma anozivikanwa:
1. Limundo (www.limundo.com) - Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzepamhepo dzinozivikanwa kwazvo muSerbia uko vashandisi vanogona kutenga nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana.
2. Kupindo (www.kupindo.com) - Iyi puratifomu yakafanana neLimundo uye inopa musika wepamhepo kune vanhu nemabhizinesi kutengesa zvinhu.
3. Oglasi.rs (www.oglasi.rs) - Nepo isiri yega e-commerce platform, Oglasi.rs inzvimbo yepawebhusaiti yeclassified inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutenga nekutengesa zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi muSerbia.
MuCroatia:
1.) Njuškalo (www.njuskalo.hr) - Njuškalo ndeimwe yemisika mikuru yepamhepo yeCroatia uko vanhu vanogona kutenga zvinhu zvitsva kana zvakashandiswa mumapoka akasiyana.
2.) Plavi oglasnik (plaviozglasnik.com.hr) - Plavi oglasnik inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemashambadziro ekutengesa kana kutenga zvinhu kana masevhisi mukati meCroati.
3.) Pazar3.mk (www.pazar3.mk)- Kunyange zvazvo puratifomu iyi inonyanya kukoshesa musika weNorth Macedonia asi nekuda kwekuve pedyo kwayo nenyika dzaimbova Yugoslavia seSerbia; yave yakakurumbira pakati pevatengesi nevatengi kubva kumatunhu aya zvakare.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mapuratifomu aya anomiririra chikamu chidiki chee-commerce chiitiko munyika dzanhasi dzinotevera mushure mekuparadzwa kweYugoslavia.
Nzvimbo huru dzesocial media
Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivepo kubva 1918 kusvika 2003. Kubva nhasi, Yugoslavia haisati yavepo senyika, uye saka haina chero chaiyo social media platforms. Nekudaro, panguva yekuvapo kwayo, nyika yaive nemhando dzakasiyana dzekukurukurirana uye zvenhau.
Nguva yeinternet isati yasvika, Yugoslavia yaive nematerevhizheni ehurumende akadai seRTS (Radio Television yeSerbia), RTB (Radio Television Belgrade), uye RTV (Radio Television Vojvodina). Manetiweki aya aipa nhau, zvirongwa zvevaraidzo, uye zvetsika kuvanhu.
Panyaya yekukurukurirana kwepamhepo mumakore ekupedzisira ekuvapo kweYugoslavia uye mushure mekuparara kwayo kuita nyika dzakasiyana seSerbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia (North Macedonia), neSlovenia; nyika idzi dzimwechete dzakatora akakurumbira epasirese social media mapuratifomu anowanikwa pasi rese.
Heano mamwe akajairika masocial media mapuratifomu anoshandiswa nevanhu mune idzi dzaimbove nyika dzeYugoslavia:
1. Facebook - inonyanya kufarirwa pasocial network.
Mawebhusaiti:
- www.facebook.com
2. Instagram - chikuva chekugovera mafoto.
Mawebhusaiti:
- www.instagram.com
3. Twitter - a microblogging platform yekugovana pfungwa kana nhau dzekuvandudza.
Mawebhusaiti:
- www.twitter.com
4. LinkedIn - inyanzvi networking platform.
Mawebhusaiti:
- www.linkedin.com
5. Viber / WhatsApp / Teregiramu / Mutumwa - Aya mameseji ekutumira mameseji anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakukurukurirana kwevanhu pakati pevanhu kana mapoka.
Mawebhusaiti:
- www.viber.com
- www.whatsapp.com
- telegram.org
(Facebook Messenger haina webhusaiti yakatsaurirwa)
6. YouTube - Chikuva chekugovera mavhidhiyo apo vashandisi vanogona kuisa mavhidhiyo kana kuona zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa nevamwe.
Webhusaiti:
– www.youtube.com
7. TikTok - Ipfupi-fomu yekugovera vhidhiyo app iyo yakawana mukurumbira pasi rose mumakore achangopfuura
Webhusaiti:
- www.tiktok.com
Ndokumbira utarise kuti aya masocial media mapuratifomu haasi eYugoslavia chete kana ayo aimbove marepublic. Iwo anoshandiswa nevanhu pasi rese uye awana mukurumbira nekuda kwekureruka kwekushandisa uye akasiyana-siyana maficha.
Masangano makuru eindasitiri
Paive nemasangano makuru eindasitiri muYugoslavia nyika isati yaparara. Heano mimwe mienzaniso uye mawebhusaiti avo:
1. Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry - The Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry yakamiririra zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi muSerbia, kusanganisira indasitiri, kurima, kuvaka, kushanya, uye mabasa. Webhusaiti: https://www.pks.rs/en/
2. Croatian Chamber of Economy - The Croatian Chamber of Economy yakakurudzira kusimukira kwehupfumi muCroatia nekutsigira maindasitiri akaita sekugadzira, kurima, simba, kushanya, uye zvekufambisa. Webhusaiti: https://www.hgk.hr/homepage
3. Association of Employers' Unions of Slovenia - Inomiririra vashandirwi mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana muSlovenia anosanganisira kugadzira, kuvaka, kutengeserana, masevhisi ekukurudzira nharaunda yebhizinesi yakanaka kune nhengo dzayo. Webhusaiti: https://www.zds.si/english
4.Macedonian Chambers of Commerce - Iwo machamber ekuNorth Macedonia akapa rutsigiro kumabhizinesi kuburikidza nemikana yetiweki uye kuedza kwekukurudzira muzvikamu zvakaita sekugadzira,
kuvaka,
retail,
uye masevhisi.
Nzvimbo yepaIndaneti: http://www.mchamber.mk/?lang=en
5.Bosnia-Herzegovina Foreign Trade Chamber -
Yakafambisa zviitiko zvekutengeserana kwenyika kune makambani ari muBosnia-Herzegovina nechinangwa chekusimudzira mikana yekudyara uye mukana wekutengesa kunze kwenyika muzvikamu zvakawanda.
Webhusaiti: http://www.komorabih.ba/english/
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti masangano aya angave achinja kana matsva angave akaumbwa kubva pakaparadzwa Yugoslavia.
Bhizinesi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti
Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivepo kubva muna 1918 kusvika 2003. Nekuda kwekuparara kwayo nekuzotevera kuumbwa kwenyika dzakawanda dzakazvimiririra, hapasisina webhusaiti yeYugoslavia yehupfumi nekutengeserana. Nekudaro, ini ndinogona kukupa iwe ruzivo nezve mawebhusaiti eanotsiva anoti aive chikamu cheYugoslavia. Pazasi pane mienzaniso mishoma:
1. Serbia: Webhusaiti yepamutemo yeSerbian Chamber of Commerce inopa ruzivo pamusoro pemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, mikana yekudyara, zviitiko zvekutengeserana, uye zviitiko zvebhizinesi zvakajairika muSerbia.
Webhusaiti: https://www.pks.rs/
2. Croatia: The Croatian Chamber of Economy inopa ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pekuita bhizinesi muCroatia, kusanganisira nhamba, mabasa ekusimudzira kutengeserana, mabasa ekutsigira mari, uye mitemo yepamutemo.
Webhusaiti: https://www.hgk.hr/
3. Slovenia: The Slovenian Enterprise Fund inosimudzira bhizinesi nekufambisa mukana wekuwana mari yekuwana mari yekutanga uye mabhizinesi madiki kusvika-epakati (SMEs) kuburikidza nerubatsiro, zvikwereti, garandi, venture capital fund.
Webhusaiti: https://www.podjetniskisklad.si/en/
4. Bosnia neHerzegovina: The Foreign Investment Promotion Agency inoshanda sechitoro chimwe chete chevatengesi vekunze vanofarira kuisa mari kana kuongorora mikana yebhizimisi muBosnia neHerzegovina. Iyo webhusaiti inopa data rakakosha pazvikamu zvekudyara.
Webhusaiti: http://fipa.gov.ba/en
Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma pakati pemamwe mawebhusaiti ane hukama nehupfumi / ekutengeserana anowanikwa kune anotsiva anoti post-Yugoslavia kuparara. Ramba uchifunga kuti nyika idzi dzakachinja zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva; saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uone chokwadi uye kukosha kwechero ruzivo rwakapihwa pamawebhusaiti aya usati waita chero sarudzo dzebhizinesi.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze kuti mamwe matunhu kana maguta ari mukati menyika idzi anogona kuve neawo ega ebudiriro yehupfumi kana kamuri yemawebhusaiti ekutengeserana ayo anogona kunyanya kutarisisa zvirongwa zvemuno.
Ndokumbira utarise kuti mhinduro iyi inogona kusasanganisira ese mawebhusaiti akakodzera sezvo panogona kunge paine zviwanikwa zvisiri pamutemo kana zvemuno zviripo.
Trade data query mawebhusaiti
Kune akati wandei mawebhusaiti kwaunogona kuwana yekutengesa data yeYugoslavia. Heino runyorwa rwemamwe masosi akavimbika ane ma URL avo:
1. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Iyi webhusaiti inopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwekutengeserana, kusanganisira kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika, kuYugoslavia nedzimwe nyika: https://wits.worldbank.org/
2. United Nations Comtrade Database - Inopa mukana kune yakadzama yekutengeserana kwepasirese manhamba, inofukidza akasiyana makore uye zvigadzirwa zveYugoslavia: https://comtrade.un.org/
3. World Trade Organisation (WTO) - Iyo WTO's Statistical Database inopa dhata rekutengesa pamusoro pekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika kuYugoslavia: https://stat.wto.org/
4. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) - DOTS inopa humbowo hwakadzama hwakadzama hwekupinza/kunze kwehuwandu, kusanganisira zvinhu nemasevhisi anoyerera achienda kunyika dzakaita seYugoslavia: https://data.imf.org/dots
5. Eurostat - Kana iwe uchinyanya kufarira kutengeserana pakati peYugoslavia neEuropean Union nhengo dzenyika, Eurostat inopa ruzivo rwakakodzera pane webhusaiti yayo: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Izvi zviwanikwa zvinofanirwa kukupa iwe ruzivo rwunodiwa kuti uongorore data rekutengesa reYugoslavia zvakadzama.
B2b mapuratifomu
Yugoslavia, iyo yaivepo kusvika kutanga kwema1990, yaive nyika iri muSoutheast Europe. Saka nekudaro, yaive isina yayo yakazvitsaurira B2B mapuratifomu panguva iyoyo. Nekudaro, ikozvino kune akati wandei B2B mapuratifomu anowanikwa kumabhizinesi akavakirwa munyika dzaimbove chikamu cheYugoslavia. Heino mienzaniso mishoma:
1. Balkan B2B: Chikuva ichi chine chinangwa chekubatanidza mabhizimisi nevazvinabhizimisi vanobva kumativi ose enyika yeBalkan, kusanganisira nyika dzakaita seSerbia, Croatia, Bosnia neHerzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, neSlovenia. Unogona kushanyira webhusaiti yavo pa www.balkanb2b.com.
2. TradeBoss: TradeBoss inzvimbo yemusika yeB2B yepasi rose inosanganisira mazita anobva kunyika dzakasiyana siyana pasi rose. Inosanganisirawo makambani kubva kwaimbova nzvimbo dzeYugoslavia ari kutsvaga mikana yebhizinesi pasi rose. Webhusaiti yavo inogona kuwanikwa pa www.tradeboss.com.
3. E-Burza: E-Burza inzvimbo yekutengeserana yepamhepo yeCroatia inobatanidza mabhizinesi emuno nekunze nevatengesi nevatengi mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana akadai sekugadzira, kurima, kushanya nezvimwewo. Unogona kuwana zvimwe nekushanyira webhusaiti yavo pawww. e-burza.eu.
4. Nisam Jasan (Handina Kujeka): Ichi chikuva cheSerbia B2B chinopa nzvimbo kune mabhizimisi kusimudzira zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi avo uye kubatana nevanogona kudyidzana navo kana vatengi vemunharaunda kana pasi rose kuburikidza nechikamu chedhairekitori pamwe nechikamu chekutumira mabasa pawebhusaiti yavo. www.nisamjasan.rs.
5.Yellobiz.com: Kunyangwe isiri yakananga kune chero dunhu asi dhairekitori rebhizinesi repasi rose rinoratidza makambani anopfuura miriyoni gumi nerimwe pasi rese nekuwedzera kutarisisa munzvimbo yeBalkan nekuda kwekubatana kwakasimba kwemabhizinesi kubva kune yaimbova Yugoslav territories.Unogona kutsvaga kutenga / kupa inotungamira,Catalogue showrooms ,Company profiles, live chat .Unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo nekushanya yellobiz.com
Ndokumbira utarise kuti mapuratifomu aya anogona kuvhara nyika dzakawanda kana matunhu, kwete Yugoslavia chete kana nyika dzinotevera. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinorairwa kutsvagisa uye kuona kuvimbika kwemapuratifomu aya usati waita chero bhizinesi rekutengesa.