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Nyika Overview
Yugoslavia yaive nyika yeSoutheast Europe yaivepo kubva muna 1918 kusvika 2003. Yakaumbwa Hondo Yenyika I yapera seHumambo hwevaSerbs, Croats, neSlovenes uye yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti Yugoslavia muna 1929. Nyika yacho yaive nemarudzi akati wandei, kusanganisira maSerb, Croats, Slovenia, Bosniaks, Montenegrin, uye Macedonia. Munhau yayo yose, Yugoslavia yakava nechinjo dzakasiana-siana dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Pakutanga hutongi hwaMambo Alexander I kutozosvikira pakupondwa kwake muna 1934, hwakava mubatanidzwa wemasocialist pashure peHondo yeNyika II pasi paMutungamiriri Josip Broz Tito. Chiono chaTito chakanangana nekugadzira nyika ine marudzi mazhinji apo marudzi akasiyana anogona kugara pamwe chete. Munguva yekutonga kwaTito kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1980, Yugoslavia yakakwanisa kuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kubudirira kwehupfumi apo ichitsvaga mutemo wekunze wakazvimiririra unozivikanwa se "Non-Aligned Movement." Zvisinei, pashure porufu rwake pakasvika nguva yokunetsana kwezvematongerwe enyika kwairatidzirwa nokuwedzera kwourudzi uye kuderera kwoupfumi. Mukutanga kwema1990, kuparara kweYugoslavia kwakatanga nekuzivisa kuzvitonga kubva kuSlovenia neCroatia kuchiteverwa neBosnia neHerzegovina. Izvi zvakakonzera kukakavara kunoparadza kunoratidzwa nekusawirirana kwemarudzi uye mhosva dzehondo munguva yeHondo dzeYugoslavia kubva muna 1991 kusvika 2001. Pakazosvika Kurume 2003, nyika dzese dzakasara dzakaparadza mubatanidzwa wavo wezvematongerwo enyika. Chiito chekupedzisira chaive Serbia ichichinja zita rayo kuita Serbia neMontenegro isati yachinja kuva nyika mbiri dzakasiyana: Serbia (yakazvimirira) neMontenegro (yakazvimirira) sezvatinoziva nhasi. Nhaka yeYugoslavia yakaoma nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakasiyana nemakwikwi enhoroondo akakonzera hondo mukati memakore ekuparara kwayo. Zvisinei nenyonganyonga makore ayo ekupedzisira angadai akave kunyangwe zvakafanira kubvuma kubudirira kwakaitwa pasi pehutongi hwaTito apo Yugoslavia yakamira senyika yakabatana pamisimboti yekusapindirana nevekuMadokero kana kuMabvazuva blocs munguva yeCold War.
Mari Yenyika
Yugoslavia, yaimbova nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe, yakanga yachinja zvakawanda maererano nemari yayo mumakore. Mukutanga kwekuvapo kwayo, Yugoslavia yakagamuchira Yugoslavia dinar (YUD) semari yayo yepamutemo. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusamira zvakanaka kwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi, hyperinflation yakatambudza nyika muma1990. Zvichitevera kuparara kweYugoslavia muna 1992 uye hondo dzakazotevera mukati meyaichimbova Yugoslavia republic, nyika itsva dzakabuda: Serbia neMontenegro. Vakagadzira iyo Federal Republic yeYugoslavia nemari yakafanana - iyo itsva Yugoslavia dinar (YUM). Mari iyi yakanangana nekudzikamisa hupfumi hwavo. Makore akati gare gare, sezvo Montenegro yakatsvaka rusununguko kubva kuSerbia, ivo vakasarudza kurega gadziriro yavo yemari yavaibvumirana. Muna 2003, Serbia yakatsiva YUM nemari itsva yainzi Serbian dinar (RSD), ukuwo Montenegro yakaunza euro semari yayo yepamutemo sezvo yakanga isina kuzvitonga kuzere kwemari. Muchidimbu, mari yekutanga yeYugoslavia yaive Yugoslavia dinar (YUD) uyezve Yugoslavia dinar zvakare (YUM). Zvakadaro nhasi mushure mekuparadzana Serbian inoshandisa Serbian Dinar(RSD) ukuwo Montenegro inoshandisa Euro(EUR). Shanduko idzi dzinoratidza kuti zviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinogona kukanganisa sei mamiriro emari yenyika zvakanyanya.
Exchange Rate
Tenda yepamutemo yeYugoslavia ndiyo Yugoslavia Dinar. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti Yugoslavia dinar yakabviswa muna 2003 mushure mokunge yakaparadzaniswa pakati peCroatia neSerbia. Nezvekutsinhana kwemari yepasirese maringe nedhinari yeYugoslavia, data reyero yekuchinjana chaiyo yaisagona kupihwa sezvo mari yacho yakanga yabviswa kwemakore akawanda. Kana iwe uchida ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino nezve mitengo yekuchinjana pakati pemamwe makuru emari dzepasirese, ndapota tarisa kune chaiyo-nguva data inopihwa nemasangano ezvemari kana musika wekuchinjana kwekunze.
Mazororo Akakosha
Yugoslavia yaiva nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivapo kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 2006. Munhoroondo yayo yose, yaipemberera mazororo anoverengeka anokosha aikosha kuvanhu vayo. Rimwe remazororo enyika akakurumbira muYugoslavia raive Zuva reNyika, rinozivikanwawo seRepublic Day, rinopembererwa musi wa29 Mbudzi. Zororo iri rakaratidzira kutangwa kweSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia muna 1943 uye rakarangarira nhamburiko dzakaitwa mukati meHondo yeNyika II nemapoka anovhozhokera aitungamirirwa naJosip Broz Tito. Pazuva iri, vanhu vekuYugoslavia vaizotora chikamu mumitambo yemauto, zviitiko zvetsika, uye kuungana kwakasiyana-siyana kwevanhu vachikudza nhoroondo yenyika yavo. Rimwe zororo rakakosha rakacherechedzwa muYugoslavia raive Zuva reVashandi Renyika Dzepasi rose musi waChivabvu 1. Zuva iri rakasimbisa kukosha kwekodzero dzevashandi uye rakatendwa mipiro yevashandi munharaunda. Pachiitiko ichi, misangano mikuru pamwe nekuratidzira kwakaitika munyika yose yakanangana nekubatana kwevashandi uye kubudirira kwavo. Uyezve, Krisimasi yakava nerevo huru yetsika kuvaYugoslavia sorudzi rune chiKristu. Mhemberero dzeManheru eKisimusi dzaisanganisira kutsanya muzuva rose kusvika kudya kwemanheru apo mhuri dzakaungana pamwe chete kumutambo unozivikanwa seBadnji dan (Chirairo cheKisimusi). Tsika dzaisiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana asi kazhinji dzaisanganisira kuvheneka irogi rainzi Badnjak uye kupinda masevhisi echechi pakati pehusiku. Zuva reIndependence raive chimwe chiitiko chakakosha chinopembererwa nevaYugoslavia gore rega rega musi wa7 Chikunguru. Yairangarira kusunungurwa kwenyika kubva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana edzimwe nyika pashure pokunge Hondo Yenyika II yapera muna 1945. VaSlovenia vainyanya kubatanidza zuva iri nokuzvitonga kwavo zvichitevera kuparadzana kwavo neYugoslavia. Kunyange aya ari mamwe mazororo makuru anopembererwa mune yaimbova Yugoslavia, zvakakosha kuziva kuti tsika dzakasiyana dzakasiyana pakati pematunhu akasiyana anosanganisira Bosnia neHerzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, neSlovenia nekuda kwetsika dzakasiyana dziripo munzvimbo imwe neimwe.
Foreign Trade Situation
Yugoslavia, inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, yakanga iri nyika iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEurope kubva muna 1945 kusvikira muna 1992. Mukugara kwayo kwose, Yugoslavia yakanga ine mamiriro ekutengeserana anochinja uye akasiyana-siyana. Yugoslavia yakatevera muenzaniso wehupfumi hwakasanganiswa, kubatanidza zvinhu zvesocialism uye kuzvitonga. Izvi zvakabvumira kune ese ari maviri ehurumende mabhizinesi nemabhizinesi akazvimirira. Nyika iyi yaive nemaindasitiri akakura aisanganisira zvikamu zvakaita semigodhi, kugadzira, kugadzira magetsi, kurima, uye mabasa. Munguva yeCold War nguva, Yugoslavia yakaita basa rakakosha muNon-Aligned Movement, iyo yakanangana nekuchengetedza kusarerekera pakati peWestern and Eastern Blocs. Nekuda kwegwaro iri uye nenzvimbo yaro yenzvimbo munzvimbo dzeEurope pakati pekumabvazuva nekumadokero, kutengeserana kweYugoslavia hakuna kuganhurirwa kune imwe yepfungwa block. Kutengeserana nenyika dzekuMadokero kwakaumba chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hweYugoslavia. Nyika yakatanga hukama hwakasimba hwekutengeserana nenyika dzakadai seGermany (West Germany panguva iyoyo), Italy, France, United Kingdom, Austria, neSwitzerland. Kutsinhana uku kwaisanganisira kupinzwa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvekugadzira maindasitiri pamwe nekutengesa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, vakaratidza kudyidzana kwakasimba nenyika dzichiri kusimukira muAfrica, Middle East, neLatin America. Izvi zvaisanganisira hukama hwekutengeserana hunobatsira zvinosanganisira michina, midziyo, machira, nemishonga. Zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvaiwanzobva pahunyanzvi hweYugoslavia mukuvandudza zvivakwa, simba. mapurojekiti ekugadzira uye anorema eindasitiri.' Zvisinei, Yugoslavia yakachengetedza hukama hwehupfumi mukati menyika dzekuMabvazuva dzakaita seSoviet Union, Czechoslovakia, neHungary. vatengesi vekutengesa. Zvakadaro, zviremera zveYugoslavia zvakaona kukosha kwekutora mitemo ine chekuita nemisika mumakore avo akazotevera. Saka, zvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvinosanganisira General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT) zvakasainwa muna 2000, nzira dzekugovera dzinodzorwa nehurumende dzakaderera. kukanganisa mitemo yekutengeserana. Muchidimbu, mamiriro ekutengeserana eYugoslavia akange akaoma, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chebudiriro, chakanangana nekudyidzana nenyika dzese dzekuMadokero neKumabvazuva, pamwe nekutarisa kudyidzana nenyika dzichiri kusimukira. ekisipoti maitiro.
Kubudirira Kwemusika
Iko mukana wekuvandudzwa kwemusika wekutengeserana wekunze muYugoslavia unovimbisa. Nenzvimbo yayo yakasarudzika pamharadzano dzeCentral neSoutheast Europe, inopa chinzvimbo chakanakira kune ese ari maviri ekunze uye ekunze zviitiko. Yugoslavia ine hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana hune huwandu hwemaindasitiri, anosanganisira kugadzira mota, kugadzira makemikari, kurima, migodhi, uye machira. Izvi zvakasiyana zvinopa mikana yakawanda yekudyidzana kwekutengeserana muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Nyika ine nhoroondo yakasimba mukugadzira zvinhu zvesimbi, michina yemagetsi, midziyo yemumba, waini yemhando yepamusoro, pamwe nekurima zvakaita segorosi nechibage. Uyezve, Yugoslavia yakamisa zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nenyika dzakavakidzana mukati medunhu reBalkan kuburikidza nematanho akaita seCentral European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). Zvibvumirano izvi zvinokurudzira kubatana kwehupfumi hwematunhu uye kuita kuti kuwanikwa kwemisika kuri nyore kune dzimwe nyika dziri kutora chikamu. Hurumende yeYugoslavia yakaratidzawo kuzvipira mukukwezva mari yekunze nekuita matanho ekuvandudza nharaunda yebhizinesi. Yakaunza shanduko dzekugadzirisa maitirwo ekutonga uye kuderedza hutungamiriri uku ichipa kukurudzira kumaindasitiri anobatsira kusimudzira kutengesa kunze kwenyika. Zvakare, kuve nhengo yeYugoslavia mumasangano epasi rose akadai seWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) inovhura mikova yekuwedzera hukama hwekutengeserana pakati pepasi rose. Senhengo yesangano rine simba iri rinoona nezvemitemo yekutengeserana pasi rose, rinogona kukwidziridza chinzvimbo chayo kusimbisa hukama hwakasimba nedzimwe nyika mumakondinendi. Vashandi vemunyika vane hunyanzvi ibasa rekuwedzera kana vachitarisa kugona kwavo kwekusimudzira musika wekunze. Vanhu vokuYugoslavia vane mukurumbira wokuva vashandi vanoshingaira vane unyanzvi mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Kuchinjika kwavo kumatekinoroji matsva kunowedzera kuwedzera kukwikwidza kwavo padanho repasi rose. Mukupedzisa, Yugoslavia inopa tarisiro yakanaka yekuwedzera musika wayo wekutengesa kunze kwenyika nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakarongeka, hupfumi hwakasiyana hunotora zvikamu zvakawanda zveindasitiri zvinosanganisira zvekurima nekugadzira. Kuvepo kwezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kwedunhu mukati meCEFTA kunogonesa kuwana nyore kumisika yevavakidzani ukuwo nhengo mumasangano epasi rese seWTO ichiwedzera mikana pasi rose. Pamusoro pezvo, kuedza kweYugoslavia mukuvandudza nharaunda yebhizinesi pamwe chete nevashandi vane hunyanzvi zvinobatsira mukusimudzira hukama hwakasimba hwekutengeserana.
Zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinotengeswa pamusika
Kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvakanaka zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika mumusika weYugoslavia zvinoda kufunga zvakasiyana siyana. Pano, tichakurukura mamwe emapfungwa akakosha ekutarisa paunenge uchisarudza zvinopisa-kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekutengeserana kunze kwenyika muYugoslavia. Chekutanga, zvakakosha kuita tsvakiridzo yemusika yakakwana kuona kudiwa uye mafambiro mumusika weYugoslavia. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora zvinodiwa nevatengi, kudzidza zvinopihwa nevakwikwidzi, uye kuongorora chero tsika kana magariro zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kutenga sarudzo. Chechipiri, zvakakosha kuti titarise nzvimbo yeYugoslavia pamwe nekukanganisa kwayo pakutengeserana. Senyika iri pamharadzano dzeEurope, kune mikana yekupinda mumisika yeEurope neBalkan. Saka, kusarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvido zvedunhu zvinogona kusimudzira kutengesa kunze kwenyika. Chetatu, kukoshesa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kwakakosha sezvo vatengi veYugoslavia vachiwedzera kukoshesa mhando pamusoro pemutengo pavanenge vachitenga sarudzo. Nekupa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro kana zvimiro zvisingawanikwe nyore kumwe kunhu, mabhizinesi anogona kukwezva vatengi vari kutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvakawedzerwa. Uyezve, kusimudzira kusimba kunogona zvakare kubatsira pakusarudza mitsara yechigadzirwa chekutumira kunze muYugoslavia. Eco-hushamwari maitiro uye akasimba ekugadzira maitiro awana mukurumbira pakati pevatengi pasi rose - kusanganisira avo vari kuYugoslavia - vanoratidza kufarira kwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa zvine tsika. Chekupedzisira, kuwedzera kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukubudirira kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika. Kumbundikira digitalization kunobvumira mabhizinesi kunanga online ekutengesa mapuratifomu zvine mutsindo uku achitora mari pane e-commerce maitiro mukati meYugoslavia iri kukura internet mushandisi base. Mukupedzisa, kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa zvinopisa zvekutengeserana kunze kwenyika muYugoslavia zvinoda tsvakiridzo yemusika yakazara pamwe nekutariswa kwemaitiro ekudiwa kwedunhu uye kukoshesa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, kusimbisa maitiro ekusimudzira uye kushandisa tekinoroji pasina mubvunzo kuchawedzera budiriro mumusika uyu unokwikwidza.
Mutengi maitiro uye taboo
Yugoslavia yaive nyika yakasiyana-siyana maererano nehunhu hwevatengi vayo uye netsika nuances. Yakanga ine mapoka emarudzi akasiyana-siyana akadai seSerbia, Croats, Bosniaks, Slovenia, Montenegrin, uye Macedonia. Boka rega rega raive netsika, tsika, uye maitiro akasiyana aipesvedzera zvido zvevatengi vavo. Imwe yakakurumbira mutengi hunhu muYugoslavia kwaive kukosha kwehukama hwehukama. Kuvaka kuvimbana uye kuwirirana nevatengi kwaive kwakakosha pakudyidzana kwebhizinesi kwakabudirira. Naizvozvo, kuisa nguva yekudyara mukuziva vatengi vako padanho remunhu kwaikosheswa zvakanyanya. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chevatengi veYugoslavia kwaive kukoshesa kwavo zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro nemasevhisi. Vaifarira zvinhu zvakagara uye zvakapa kukosha kwenguva refu pane kungotarisa chete pamutengo wemutengo. Kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemhando yepamusoro kwaizokwezva vatengi vakavimbika vaikoshesa hupenyu hurefu hwezvigadzirwa kana masevhisi. Nekudaro, pakanga painewo mamwe manzwisisiro kana taboos izvo mabhizinesi ekunze aifanira kuziva pakubata nevatengi veYugoslavia. Chekutanga, zvakakosha kuti tidzivise nhaurirano dzine chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika kana gakava zviitiko zvenhoroondo sekuparadzana kweYugoslavia mukati ma1990s. Misoro iyi inogona kunetsa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemarwadzo anokonzerwa nehondo nekunetsana. Uyezve, kurangarira kusiyana kwezvitendero kwakakosha pakubata nevatengi veYugoslavia. Nyika yaive nezvitendero zvakasiyana siyana neRoman Catholic yaive yakabata vanhu vekuCroatia ukuwo chiKristu cheOrthodox chakaita basa rakakosha pakati pevaSerb. Kuratidza ruremekedzo nokuda kwezvitendero zvakasiana-siana kwaizovimbisa kudyidzana kwebhizimisi kwakapfava. Pakazere, kunzwisisa kwakasiyana siyana kuumbwa kwemarudzi uye tsika nemagariro mukati meYugoslavia kwakakosha pakuita nevatengi vayo. Kuvaka hukama hwakasimba hwemunhu paunenge uchiendesa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kana masevhisi zvichabatsira kutanga bhizinesi rakabudirira mudunhu rino.
Customs management system
Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe, inoumbwa nematunhu akasiyana ane tsika nenhoroondo dzakasiyana. Tsika dzayo negadziriro yekudzora muganhu zvakagadzirirwa kudzora kufamba kwevanhu, zvinhu, uye masevhisi kuyambuka miganhu yayo. Vakuru vezvekubuda kwezvinhu muYugoslavia ndivo vaiva nebasa rekuisa mitemo ine chekuita nekutenga kunze kwenyika, kutengesa kunze kwenyika, mabasa emitero, uye mitero. Vanhu vaipinda kana kubuda munyika vaifanirwa kupfuura nepanzvimbo dzakatarwa paiongororwa mapasipoti avo kana magwaro ekufambisa. Mahofisi eCustoms aizoongorora kukosha kwezvinhu zviri kutakurwa uye kuunganidza chero basa rinoshanda kana mutero. Zvimwe zvinhu zvairambidzwa kana kurambidzwa. Zvombo, zvombo, zvinodhaka, zvinoputika, uye zvinhu zvaigona kukuvadza kuchengeteka kwenyika zvakadzorwa zvakasimba. Kupinza kana kuendesa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvetsika pasina zvibvumirano zvakakodzera zvakare zvaive zvisiri pamutemo. Vashanyi vanofanirwa kuziva kuti vangangoda visa zvichienderana nenyika yavo uye chinangwa chekushanya. Zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa kune embassy / consulate usati wafamba kuti uone kutevedza zvinodiwa zvekupinda. Pakuyambuka muganhu kupinda muYugoslavia nenzira dzepasi kana dzemugungwa kubva kunyika dzakavakidzana dzakadai seHungary kana Croatia (yaimbova chikamu cheYugoslavia), vafambi vanofanira kutarisira kuongororwa nguva dzose nevakuru vetsika. Izvo zvakakosha kuti magwaro ese anodiwa avepo nyore kuti apiwe kana wakumbira. Vafambi vanorayirwa kuti vasatakura mari yakawandisa pasina chiziviso chakakodzera sezvo paine miganhu pamari yaunogona kutakura munhu mune dzimwe nguva. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakaita semalaptop zvinogona kuongororwa asi mashandisiro emunhu senharembozha kazhinji haadi kuziviswa kwakajeka. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mushure mekuparara kweYugoslavia muna 1991-1992 munyika dzakawanda dzakasununguka dzakadai seSerbia, Croatia, Slovenia; masangano aya akagadzira ega ega ega ega etsika hutongi hwakasiyana nehwaivepo pasi pemitemo yekare yeYugoslavia. Mukupedzisa, Kushanya kweYugoslavia kwaisanganisira kutevedza mitemo yakatarwa panzvimbo dzayo dzekutarisa mapasipoti/magwaro, kuziviswa kwemari pakati pezvimwe. Sezvo zvinhu zvine chekuita nemabatiro anoita nyika dzepashure peYugoslavia tsika dzadzo hazvina kukumbirwa, kuongororwa kwakadzama kweakadaro kuchamiswa.
Mitemo yemitero kubva kunze
Yugoslavia yakanga ine hurongwa hwakasiyana uye hwakaoma hwemitengo yemitengo yekunze panzvimbo yekudzora mafambiro ezvinhu kupinda munyika. Nyika yakashandisa mitemo iyi nedonzvo rekuchengetedza maindasitiri emunyika, kusimudzira kuzviriritira, nekudzora kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Mitero yekunze yaitorwa pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvaipinda muYugoslavia. Mitero iyi yaibva pane zvakati wandei zvakaita serudzi rwechigadzirwa, kukosha kwacho, kana huremu hwacho. Mitengo yacho yaisiyana zvichienderana nechinhu chaitengwa kunze kwenyika. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaregererwa mutero wekutenga kunze kwenyika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwazvo uye kukwanisa kubhadharira vanhu. Izvi zvaisanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakaita sechikafu, mishonga, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwenzvimbo. Hurumende yakashandisawo tariff quotas kudzora zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mune mamwe mapazi. Makota aya aibvumira huwandu hushoma hwezvigadzirwa kuti zviunzwe kunze nemitengo yakaderera kana kusapihwa asi vachiisa mitero yepamusoro kana zviganho zvacho zvasvikwa. Yugoslavia yakawedzera mitero pazvinhu zveumbozha kana zvinhu zvisingakoshi zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kubva kunze kwenyika. Izvi zvakaitirwa kuti kusanyanya kushandiswa kwemari kusingakoshi uye kuderedza kubuda kwemari yekunze. Pamusoro pemitero/mutero, Yugoslavia yakashandisawo mamwe matanho semarezenisi anodiwa uye mwero wemhando yezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Mitemo iyi yakanangana nekuchengetedza vatengi nekuona kuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinozadzisa kumwe kuchengetedzwa uye hunhu. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mitemo iyi yakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva maererano nemamiriro ehupfumi uye zvinangwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zveYugoslavia. Vanogona kunge vakave zvakare pasi pekudzokororwa sechikamu chezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kana nhaurirano nedzimwe nyika. Pakazere, maYugoslavian emutero emutero ekunze ane chinangwa chekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemumba uku uchienzanisa hukama hwekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kuburikidza nemitero yakadzorwa pane zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichibva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semhando yechigadzirwa, kukosha, huremu, quota miganho, chimiro cheumbozha nezvimwewo, padivi pemamwe matanho ekuchengetedza mutengi.
Export mutero mitemo
Yugoslavia yaiva nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivapo kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 2003. Payaivapo, Yugoslavia yakanga ine hurongwa hwemitero hwakaoma kunzwisisa, kusanganisira mitemo yemitero yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Gwaro reYugoslavia rekubhadharisa mutero kunze kwenyika rakanangana nekudzora nekukurudzira mabasa ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. Zvaisanganisira kubhadharisa mimwe mitero pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichibva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semasikirwo azvo, kukosha kwayo, uye kwazvinoenda. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakaiswa pasi pemutero-wekuwedzera mutero (VAT) muYugoslavia. Mutero uyu waitorwa nemitengo yakasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa chiri kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Mitengo yeVAT yakasiyana mumaindasitiri uye yakatemerwa nehurumende kuti inyatso kuenzanisa mari yemari uye kukura kwehupfumi. Pamusoro peVAT, mutero chaiwo wakaiswa kune mamwe mapoka ezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muYugoslavia. Aya mabasa akanangana nezvinhu zvakaita sefodya, doro, zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum, uye zvinhu zveumbozha zvaionekwa sezvingangokuvadza kana zvakakosha zvakanyanya. Yugoslavia yakaitawo mitero yetsika pazvinhu zvaitengeswa kunze kwenyika. Aya mabasa akaiswa pamuganho paitengeswa kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa kunze kwenharaunda yeYugoslavia. Mitengo iyi yaisiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekurongwa kwechigadzirwa maererano nemaitiro ekutengeserana epasi rose (semuenzaniso, macode esystem), zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nenyika dzinodyidzana kana matunhu, uye chero zvinodikanwa zvemitero kana kusasunungurwa kuripo. Iwo chaiwo ruzivo rwemutemo wemitero yekunze anogona kunge akasiyana munhoroondo yese yeYugoslavia nekuda kwekuchinja kwehutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika kana mazano ehupfumi anotevedzwa nemabatiro akasiyana. Zvakadaro, pazere, mitemo iyi yaitsvaga kuunza mari kuhurumende uku ichidzora mabasa ekutengeserana kunze zvichifambirana nezvinotarisirwa nenyika. Tapota cherechedzai kuti mashoko aya anoratidza nhoroondo yakavakirwa pamakumi emakore akanga apfuura apo Yugoslavia yaivapo senyika yakabatana; saka inogona kusashanda zvakananga nhasi sezvo Yugoslavia isisipo sezvo miganhu yakachinja mushure mekuparadzwa.
Zvitupa zvinodiwa pakutengesa kunze
Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheastern Europe yaivepo kubva muna 1918 kusvika 2003. Payaivepo, Yugoslavia yaive nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa nemaindasitiri. Kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye huchokwadi hwezvinhu izvi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, hurumende yakashandisa hurongwa hwekupa zvitupa kunze kwenyika. Chitupa chekuendesa kunze kwenyika muYugoslavia chaisanganisira maitiro akasiyana uye zvinodiwa. Chekutanga, makambani anoita mabasa ekunze kunze kwenyika anodiwa kuti atevedzere mirau uye zviyero zvakatemerwa nevakuru. Mitemo iyi ine chinangwa chekuvimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuYugoslavia zvinosangana nemhando dzepasi rose. Kuti awane chitupa chekutumira kunze, makambani aifanira kupfuura neyakaomarara maitiro ekuongorora. Izvi zvaisanganisira kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzwa kwemitemo yekutengeserana, kuita bvunzo dzechigadzirwa nechinangwa chekudzora kunaka, uye kusangana nemapakeji ezvekufambisa zvakachengeteka. Pamusoro pezvo, vanotengesa kunze kwenyika vaifanira kupa magwaro ane chekuita nekwavanobva uye kutevedzera zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Magwaro aya aiwanzosanganisira humbowo hwemarezinesi ekunze kwenyika kana mvumo inopihwa nevakuru veYugoslavia. Hurumende yakabatsirawo kudyidzana pakati pevanotengesa kunze nevatengi vekunze kuburikidza nekutengeserana mishoni nemitambo yakarongwa mukati nekunze kwenyika. Zviitiko izvi zvakapa mabhizinesi mikana yekuratidzira zvigadzirwa zvavo vachibatana nevanogona kutenga vanogona kuona chokwadi chezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Export certification yakaita basa rakakosha mukutanga kuvimbana pakati pevanotengesa kunze kweYugoslavia nemisika yekunze. Nekuwana chitupa ichi, makambani airatidza kuzvipira kwavo kuendesa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro izvo zvinoteera pasi rose. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mushure mekuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika zvichitevera kuparara kweYugoslavia mukutanga kwema1990, nyika dzakateera seSerbia dzakagadzira hurongwa hwadzo hwakazvimirira hwekupa zvitupa kunze kwenyika.
Recommended logistics
Yugoslavia, yaimbozivikanwa seFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, yaive nyika iri muSoutheastern Europe. Nehurombo, nekuda kwekuparara kweYugoslavia muma1990, haichavepo senyika yakabatana. Nekudaro, ini ndinogona kukupa iwe ruzivo nezve Logistics zvivakwa zvaimbovapo mukati menyika. Yugoslavia yakanga ine network yakanyatsogadzirwa yekufambisa iyo yaifambisa kufamba kwakanaka kwezvinhu munzvimbo dzayo dzese. Nzira dzekutanga dzekufambisa dzaisanganisira migwagwa, njanji, uye nzira dzemvura. Zvifambiso zvemumigwagwa zvakaita basa rinokosha muYugoslavia's logistics system. Nyika yacho yakanga ine migwagwa yakakura yaibatanidza maguta makuru nemataundi. Izvi zvaibvumira kutakurwa kwezvinhu zviri nyore nenzendo pfupi nepakati mukati menyika. Railways yaivewo chikamu chakakosha cheYugoslavia's logistics system. Vakabatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zverudzi pamwe chete uye vakapa hukama nenyika dzakavakidzana. Zvivakwa zvenjanji zvakagonesa kutakurwa kwezvinhu kure-kure munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Mukuwedzera kumigwagwa nezvitima, nzira dzomumvura dzakagovera mumwe nzira yokutakura zvinhu muYugoslavia. Rwizi rweDanube rwakashanda senzira yakakosha yekutengeserana sezvo yaiyerera nemumaguta akati wandei eYugoslavia isati yapinda dzimwe nyika dzakaita seHungary neRomania. Yugoslavia yakanga iinewo zviteshi zvezvikepe zvakasanosanodzika midzi pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yeAdriatic, zvakadai seizvo zviri muSplit neKoper (zvino yava chikamu cheSlovenia). Zviteshi izvi zvakafambisa ngarava dzemugungwa mukati nekunze nekupa mukana kune nzira dzekutengeserana dzepasirese. Kuti vatsigire kushanda zvakanaka kwezvinhu mukati meYugoslavia, pakanga paine matura akati wandei aive ari mumaguta makuru uko makambani aikwanisa kuchengeta zvinhu zvavo kwenguva pfupi kana kwenguva refu. Uyezve, kwakanga kune miitiro yetsika yaishandiswa pakuyambuka miganhu yezvinhu zvinotumirwa nenyika dzakawanda kupinda kana kubuda muYugoslavia. Aya maitiro akavimbisa kuteedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo uku achifambisa kutengeserana kwepasirese mashandiro zvakanaka. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ruzivo urwu rwakabva pane zvakaitika kare Yugoslavia isati yaparara kuita nyika dzakasiyana dzakadai seSerbia, Croatia, Bosnia neHerzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, neKosovo. Nokudaro, mamiriro ezvinhu munyika imwe neimwe yakabuda kubva kuYugoslavia inogona kunge yakachinja zvikuru. Kana iwe uchida rumwe ruzivo rwakanyanya nezve Logistics masevhisi mune chero eidzi nyika dzega kana uine chero mimwe mibvunzo, sununguka kubvunza.
Nzira dzekusimudzira mutengi

Zviratidziro zvakakosha zvekutengeserana

Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivepo kubva 1918 kusvika 2003. Munguva yekuvapo kwayo, yaive neakakosha nzira dzekutengeserana dzepasirese dzakati wandei uye kuratidzwa kwaifambisa budiriro yayo yehupfumi. 1. International Trade Channels: - European Union (EU): Yugoslavia yakanga ine zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nenyika dzakasiyana dzeEU, izvo zvakafambisa kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunyika idzi. Izvi zvakabvumira mabhizinesi eYugoslavia kupinda mumusika mukuru wevatengi uye kutanga hukama hwekutengesa kwenguva refu. - Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): Yugoslavia yaive imwe yenhengo dzekutanga dzeNAM, boka renyika dzaive nechinangwa chekuramba dzakarerekera panguva yeCold War. Izvi zvakapa mikana yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika dziri nhengo dzeNAM uye zvakawedzera kusvika kweYugoslavia pasi rose. - Eastern Bloc: Yugoslavia yakachengetedza hukama hwekutengeserana nenyika dzinoverengeka dzeEastern Bloc, kusanganisira Soviet Union nedzimwe nyika dzesocialist muEastern Europe. Izvi zvakabvumira kupinzwa kunze kwezvinhu zvakakosha uye tekinoroji inodiwa mukusimudzira maindasitiri. 2. International Exhibitions: - Belgrade Fair: Iyo Belgrade Fair yaive imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuratidzira muYugoslavia. Yakaita mitambo yakasiyana-siyana yepasi rose, kusanganisira zviitiko zvakakosha seInternational Agriculture Fair uye International Tourism Fair. Zviratidziro izvi zvakakwezva mabhizinesi epamba neekunze ari kutsvaga kuratidza zvigadzirwa zvavo kana kutsvaga vatengesi vatsva kana vadyidzani. - Zagreb Fair: Iri muguta guru reCroatia, Zagreb Fair yakabata akawanda maindasitiri-akanangana nekuratidzira mukati meYugoslavia. Yakapa mukana kune vanogadzira kubva kumatunhu akasiyana kuti varatidze zvigadzirwa zvavo, kukurudzira hukama hwebhizinesi, kutaurirana zvibvumirano, uye kuongorora misika yekunze. - Novi Sad Agriculture Fair: Sezvo zvekurima zvakaita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweYugoslavia, Novi Sad Agriculture Fair yakashanda senzvimbo yakakosha yekuratidzira michina yekurima, matekinoroji, mhando dzezvipfuyo, fetereza, mbeu, nezvimwe. Idzi nzira dzepasi rose dzekutenga zvinhu uye zviratidziro zvakagonesa mabhizinesi eYugoslavia kuti abatanidze nevatengi vepasi rose, vatengesi, uye vadyidzani.Kuwana mukana kune network dzakadai kwakabatsira kusimudzira kukura kwehupfumi uye kukurudzira kubatana kwepasirese mukutengeserana nekutengeserana. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti Yugoslavia senyika yakaguma kuvapo muna 2003. Zvichitevera kurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kusagadzikana kweupfumi, nyika yacho yakakamukana kuva nyika dzakazvimiririra dzinoverengeka, dzinosanganisira Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Bosnia, neHerzegovina. Nokudaro, mashoko anopiwa anoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu apo Yugoslavia yakanga ichiri nyika yakabatana.
Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEurope yaivepo kubva 1945 kusvika 1992. Zvinosuruvarisa, nekuda kwekuparara kweYugoslavia, haichavepo sechinhu chakasiyana. Naizvozvo, parizvino hapana chaiyo yekutsvaga injini yakatsaurirwa kuYugoslavia chete. Nekudaro, kune akati wandei akakurumbira ekutsvaga injini aiwanzo shandiswa munyika dzaimbova Yugoslavia (Bosnia neHerzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, neSlovenia) vasati vawana rusununguko. Idzi injini dzekutsvaga dzichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi: 1. Google: Google ndiyo injini yekutsvaga yakakurumbira pasi rose uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika dzaimbova Yugoslavia. Webhusaiti: www.google.com 2. Bing: Bing imwe injini yekutsvaga inonyanyozivikanwa inopa tsvakurudzo dzewebhu. Webhusaiti: www.bing.com 3. Yahoo!: Yahoo! haina kutonga seGoogle asi ichiri kushanda seyakavimbika yekutsvaga injini sarudzo. Webhusaiti: www.yahoo.com 4. Ebb: Ebb ijini yekutsvaga yedunhu iri muSerbia iyo inotarisa pakupa mhinduro kune vashandisi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana dzeBalkan. Webhusaiti: www.ebb.rs 5. Najnovije vijesti: Najnovije vijesti (Nhau Dzezvino) indaneti yenhau yepamhepo inowanikwa muBosnia neHerzegovina iyo inopa zvakaunganidzwa zvenhau pamwe nebasa rayo rekutsvaga. Webhusaiti: https://www.najnovijevijesti.ba/ 6. Nova TV Igrice Portal (IGRE.hr): Nzvimbo iyi yepawebhusaiti inonyanya kutarisa nezvemitambo yepamhepo asi inosanganisirawo dhairekitori rewebhu rine chinangwa chakajairwa uye dhairekitori rakagadzirwa pawebhu rinogonesa kutsvaga mukati mepuratifomu yayo. Webhusaiti: www.novatv-igre.hr Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti aya mawebhusaiti ataurwa anogona kushandira zvinopfuura zvinangwa zvekutsvaga; dzinogona kusanganisira nhau dzenhau kana mapuratifomu emitambo. Nepo Yugoslavia ingave isisipo senyika yakazvimirira kubva payakaparadzana kuita nyika dzinoverengeka dzakatsiva seBosnia neHerzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, neSlovenia, vashandisi veinternet mumatunhu aya vanovimba neinjini dzekutsvaga dzataurwa pamusoro pezuva ravo- kutsvaga kwemazuva ano.

Mapeji makuru eyero

Yugoslavia yaimbova nyika muSoutheastern Europe, inoumbwa nemarepublic akati wandei. Sezvo isisipo senyika yakabatana, hapana mapeji eyero chaiwo eYugoslavia. Nekudaro, ini ndinogona kukupa mamwe akakosha mawebhusaiti ane hukama nemarepublic akasiyana akaumba Yugoslavia: 1. Serbia: Mapeji yeyero eSerbia anogona kuwanikwa pawebhusaiti yeTelekom Serbia, kambani inotungamira yekufambisa mashoko munyika muno: www.telekom.rs/en/home.html 2. Croatia: Kune mapeji yeyero muCroatia, unogona kushanyira Zutestranice.com, iyo inopa bhizinesi dhairekitori masevhisi uye yekuonana ruzivo: www.zute-stranice.com/en/ 3. Bosnia neHerzegovina: Vanhu uye mabhizimisi muBosnia neHerzegovina vanogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neBijele Strane (White Pages) pawww.bijelistrani.ba/ 4. Montenegro: Telekom Crne Gore inopa dhairekitori yepamhepo yeMontenegro pa www.telekom.me/en/business/directory 5. Slovenia: Mapeji machena eSlovenia (Beli Strani) anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neSimobil webhusaiti yepamutemo pa https://www.simobil.si/telefonski-imenik Ndokumbira utarise kuti mawebhusaiti aya anogona kunyanya kupa madhairekitori emapeji machena kana zvakajairika bhizinesi zvinyorwa pane zvechinyakare yeyero mapeji kushambadzira anopa masevhisi kana zvigadzirwa. Zvakakosha kubvuma kuti Yugoslavia yakanyudzwa panguva yekunetsana kwakasiyana muma1990 uye yakabva yatsiviwa nenyika dzakazvimirira dzakaita seSerbia, Croatia, Bosnia neHerzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, Kosovo*, Macedonia*, nezvimwe. *Kosovo neNorth Macedonia dzinozivikanwa nedzimwe nyika asi dzisingabvumwa pasi rose senyika dzakazvimirira pasi pemazita avanoda nekuda kwemakakatanwa pamusoro pehutongi.

Nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana

Yugoslavia yaimbova nyika muSoutheastern Europe, iyo yakaparara muma1990. Kunyangwe Yugoslavia isisipo, panguva yekuvapo kwayo, pakanga pasina akakosha e-commerce mapuratifomu sezvatinazvo nhasi. Pfungwa ye e-commerce yakanga ichiri mudiki panguva iyoyo. Nekudaro, kana iwe uri kureva nyika dzanhasi dzakabuda mushure mekuparara kweYugoslavia, seSerbia neCroatia, ivo vane yavo chaiyo e-commerce mapuratifomu. Heano mamwe mashoma anozivikanwa: 1. Limundo (www.limundo.com) - Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzepamhepo dzinozivikanwa kwazvo muSerbia uko vashandisi vanogona kutenga nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana. 2. Kupindo (www.kupindo.com) - Iyi puratifomu yakafanana neLimundo uye inopa musika wepamhepo kune vanhu nemabhizinesi kutengesa zvinhu. 3. Oglasi.rs (www.oglasi.rs) - Nepo isiri yega e-commerce platform, Oglasi.rs inzvimbo yepawebhusaiti yeclassified inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutenga nekutengesa zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi muSerbia. MuCroatia: 1.) Njuškalo (www.njuskalo.hr) - Njuškalo ndeimwe yemisika mikuru yepamhepo yeCroatia uko vanhu vanogona kutenga zvinhu zvitsva kana zvakashandiswa mumapoka akasiyana. 2.) Plavi oglasnik (plaviozglasnik.com.hr) - Plavi oglasnik inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemashambadziro ekutengesa kana kutenga zvinhu kana masevhisi mukati meCroati. 3.) Pazar3.mk (www.pazar3.mk)- Kunyange zvazvo puratifomu iyi inonyanya kukoshesa musika weNorth Macedonia asi nekuda kwekuve pedyo kwayo nenyika dzaimbova Yugoslavia seSerbia; yave yakakurumbira pakati pevatengesi nevatengi kubva kumatunhu aya zvakare. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mapuratifomu aya anomiririra chikamu chidiki chee-commerce chiitiko munyika dzanhasi dzinotevera mushure mekuparadzwa kweYugoslavia.

Nzvimbo huru dzesocial media

Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivepo kubva 1918 kusvika 2003. Kubva nhasi, Yugoslavia haisati yavepo senyika, uye saka haina chero chaiyo social media platforms. Nekudaro, panguva yekuvapo kwayo, nyika yaive nemhando dzakasiyana dzekukurukurirana uye zvenhau. Nguva yeinternet isati yasvika, Yugoslavia yaive nematerevhizheni ehurumende akadai seRTS (Radio Television yeSerbia), RTB (Radio Television Belgrade), uye RTV (Radio Television Vojvodina). Manetiweki aya aipa nhau, zvirongwa zvevaraidzo, uye zvetsika kuvanhu. Panyaya yekukurukurirana kwepamhepo mumakore ekupedzisira ekuvapo kweYugoslavia uye mushure mekuparara kwayo kuita nyika dzakasiyana seSerbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia (North Macedonia), neSlovenia; nyika idzi dzimwechete dzakatora akakurumbira epasirese social media mapuratifomu anowanikwa pasi rese. Heano mamwe akajairika masocial media mapuratifomu anoshandiswa nevanhu mune idzi dzaimbove nyika dzeYugoslavia: 1. Facebook - inonyanya kufarirwa pasocial network. Mawebhusaiti: - www.facebook.com 2. Instagram - chikuva chekugovera mafoto. Mawebhusaiti: - www.instagram.com 3. Twitter - a microblogging platform yekugovana pfungwa kana nhau dzekuvandudza. Mawebhusaiti: - www.twitter.com 4. LinkedIn - inyanzvi networking platform. Mawebhusaiti: - www.linkedin.com 5. Viber / WhatsApp / Teregiramu / Mutumwa - Aya mameseji ekutumira mameseji anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakukurukurirana kwevanhu pakati pevanhu kana mapoka. Mawebhusaiti: - www.viber.com - www.whatsapp.com - telegram.org (Facebook Messenger haina webhusaiti yakatsaurirwa) 6. YouTube - Chikuva chekugovera mavhidhiyo apo vashandisi vanogona kuisa mavhidhiyo kana kuona zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa nevamwe. Webhusaiti: – www.youtube.com 7. TikTok - Ipfupi-fomu yekugovera vhidhiyo app iyo yakawana mukurumbira pasi rose mumakore achangopfuura Webhusaiti: - www.tiktok.com Ndokumbira utarise kuti aya masocial media mapuratifomu haasi eYugoslavia chete kana ayo aimbove marepublic. Iwo anoshandiswa nevanhu pasi rese uye awana mukurumbira nekuda kwekureruka kwekushandisa uye akasiyana-siyana maficha.

Masangano makuru eindasitiri

Paive nemasangano makuru eindasitiri muYugoslavia nyika isati yaparara. Heano mimwe mienzaniso uye mawebhusaiti avo: 1. Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry - The Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry yakamiririra zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi muSerbia, kusanganisira indasitiri, kurima, kuvaka, kushanya, uye mabasa. Webhusaiti: https://www.pks.rs/en/ 2. Croatian Chamber of Economy - The Croatian Chamber of Economy yakakurudzira kusimukira kwehupfumi muCroatia nekutsigira maindasitiri akaita sekugadzira, kurima, simba, kushanya, uye zvekufambisa. Webhusaiti: https://www.hgk.hr/homepage 3. Association of Employers' Unions of Slovenia - Inomiririra vashandirwi mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana muSlovenia anosanganisira kugadzira, kuvaka, kutengeserana, masevhisi ekukurudzira nharaunda yebhizinesi yakanaka kune nhengo dzayo. Webhusaiti: https://www.zds.si/english 4.Macedonian Chambers of Commerce - Iwo machamber ekuNorth Macedonia akapa rutsigiro kumabhizinesi kuburikidza nemikana yetiweki uye kuedza kwekukurudzira muzvikamu zvakaita sekugadzira, kuvaka, retail, uye masevhisi. Nzvimbo yepaIndaneti: http://www.mchamber.mk/?lang=en 5.Bosnia-Herzegovina Foreign Trade Chamber - Yakafambisa zviitiko zvekutengeserana kwenyika kune makambani ari muBosnia-Herzegovina nechinangwa chekusimudzira mikana yekudyara uye mukana wekutengesa kunze kwenyika muzvikamu zvakawanda. Webhusaiti: http://www.komorabih.ba/english/ Zvakakosha kuziva kuti masangano aya angave achinja kana matsva angave akaumbwa kubva pakaparadzwa Yugoslavia.

Bhizinesi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti

Yugoslavia yaive nyika iri kuSoutheast Europe yaivepo kubva muna 1918 kusvika 2003. Nekuda kwekuparara kwayo nekuzotevera kuumbwa kwenyika dzakawanda dzakazvimiririra, hapasisina webhusaiti yeYugoslavia yehupfumi nekutengeserana. Nekudaro, ini ndinogona kukupa iwe ruzivo nezve mawebhusaiti eanotsiva anoti aive chikamu cheYugoslavia. Pazasi pane mienzaniso mishoma: 1. Serbia: Webhusaiti yepamutemo yeSerbian Chamber of Commerce inopa ruzivo pamusoro pemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, mikana yekudyara, zviitiko zvekutengeserana, uye zviitiko zvebhizinesi zvakajairika muSerbia. Webhusaiti: https://www.pks.rs/ 2. Croatia: The Croatian Chamber of Economy inopa ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pekuita bhizinesi muCroatia, kusanganisira nhamba, mabasa ekusimudzira kutengeserana, mabasa ekutsigira mari, uye mitemo yepamutemo. Webhusaiti: https://www.hgk.hr/ 3. Slovenia: The Slovenian Enterprise Fund inosimudzira bhizinesi nekufambisa mukana wekuwana mari yekuwana mari yekutanga uye mabhizinesi madiki kusvika-epakati (SMEs) kuburikidza nerubatsiro, zvikwereti, garandi, venture capital fund. Webhusaiti: https://www.podjetniskisklad.si/en/ 4. Bosnia neHerzegovina: The Foreign Investment Promotion Agency inoshanda sechitoro chimwe chete chevatengesi vekunze vanofarira kuisa mari kana kuongorora mikana yebhizimisi muBosnia neHerzegovina. Iyo webhusaiti inopa data rakakosha pazvikamu zvekudyara. Webhusaiti: http://fipa.gov.ba/en Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma pakati pemamwe mawebhusaiti ane hukama nehupfumi / ekutengeserana anowanikwa kune anotsiva anoti post-Yugoslavia kuparara. Ramba uchifunga kuti nyika idzi dzakachinja zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva; saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uone chokwadi uye kukosha kwechero ruzivo rwakapihwa pamawebhusaiti aya usati waita chero sarudzo dzebhizinesi. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze kuti mamwe matunhu kana maguta ari mukati menyika idzi anogona kuve neawo ega ebudiriro yehupfumi kana kamuri yemawebhusaiti ekutengeserana ayo anogona kunyanya kutarisisa zvirongwa zvemuno. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mhinduro iyi inogona kusasanganisira ese mawebhusaiti akakodzera sezvo panogona kunge paine zviwanikwa zvisiri pamutemo kana zvemuno zviripo.

Trade data query mawebhusaiti

Kune akati wandei mawebhusaiti kwaunogona kuwana yekutengesa data yeYugoslavia. Heino runyorwa rwemamwe masosi akavimbika ane ma URL avo: 1. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Iyi webhusaiti inopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwekutengeserana, kusanganisira kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika, kuYugoslavia nedzimwe nyika: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 2. United Nations Comtrade Database - Inopa mukana kune yakadzama yekutengeserana kwepasirese manhamba, inofukidza akasiyana makore uye zvigadzirwa zveYugoslavia: https://comtrade.un.org/ 3. World Trade Organisation (WTO) - Iyo WTO's Statistical Database inopa dhata rekutengesa pamusoro pekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika kuYugoslavia: https://stat.wto.org/ 4. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) - DOTS inopa humbowo hwakadzama hwakadzama hwekupinza/kunze kwehuwandu, kusanganisira zvinhu nemasevhisi anoyerera achienda kunyika dzakaita seYugoslavia: https://data.imf.org/dots 5. Eurostat - Kana iwe uchinyanya kufarira kutengeserana pakati peYugoslavia neEuropean Union nhengo dzenyika, Eurostat inopa ruzivo rwakakodzera pane webhusaiti yayo: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Izvi zviwanikwa zvinofanirwa kukupa iwe ruzivo rwunodiwa kuti uongorore data rekutengesa reYugoslavia zvakadzama.

B2b mapuratifomu

Yugoslavia, iyo yaivepo kusvika kutanga kwema1990, yaive nyika iri muSoutheast Europe. Saka nekudaro, yaive isina yayo yakazvitsaurira B2B mapuratifomu panguva iyoyo. Nekudaro, ikozvino kune akati wandei B2B mapuratifomu anowanikwa kumabhizinesi akavakirwa munyika dzaimbove chikamu cheYugoslavia. Heino mienzaniso mishoma: 1. Balkan B2B: Chikuva ichi chine chinangwa chekubatanidza mabhizimisi nevazvinabhizimisi vanobva kumativi ose enyika yeBalkan, kusanganisira nyika dzakaita seSerbia, Croatia, Bosnia neHerzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, neSlovenia. Unogona kushanyira webhusaiti yavo pa www.balkanb2b.com. 2. TradeBoss: TradeBoss inzvimbo yemusika yeB2B yepasi rose inosanganisira mazita anobva kunyika dzakasiyana siyana pasi rose. Inosanganisirawo makambani kubva kwaimbova nzvimbo dzeYugoslavia ari kutsvaga mikana yebhizinesi pasi rose. Webhusaiti yavo inogona kuwanikwa pa www.tradeboss.com. 3. E-Burza: E-Burza inzvimbo yekutengeserana yepamhepo yeCroatia inobatanidza mabhizinesi emuno nekunze nevatengesi nevatengi mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana akadai sekugadzira, kurima, kushanya nezvimwewo. Unogona kuwana zvimwe nekushanyira webhusaiti yavo pawww. e-burza.eu. 4. Nisam Jasan (Handina Kujeka): Ichi chikuva cheSerbia B2B chinopa nzvimbo kune mabhizimisi kusimudzira zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi avo uye kubatana nevanogona kudyidzana navo kana vatengi vemunharaunda kana pasi rose kuburikidza nechikamu chedhairekitori pamwe nechikamu chekutumira mabasa pawebhusaiti yavo. www.nisamjasan.rs. 5.Yellobiz.com: Kunyangwe isiri yakananga kune chero dunhu asi dhairekitori rebhizinesi repasi rose rinoratidza makambani anopfuura miriyoni gumi nerimwe pasi rese nekuwedzera kutarisisa munzvimbo yeBalkan nekuda kwekubatana kwakasimba kwemabhizinesi kubva kune yaimbova Yugoslav territories.Unogona kutsvaga kutenga / kupa inotungamira,Catalogue showrooms ,Company profiles, live chat .Unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo nekushanya yellobiz.com Ndokumbira utarise kuti mapuratifomu aya anogona kuvhara nyika dzakawanda kana matunhu, kwete Yugoslavia chete kana nyika dzinotevera. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinorairwa kutsvagisa uye kuona kuvimbika kwemapuratifomu aya usati waita chero bhizinesi rekutengesa.
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