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Nyika Overview
Itiopiya, inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, inyika yakakomberedzwa nedzimwe iri muNyanga yeAfrica. Yakaganhurana neSudan kumadokero, Eritrea kuchamhembe, Djibouti neSomalia kumabvazuva, neKenya kumaodzanyemba. Nenzvimbo inosvika 1.1 miriyoni square kilometers, ndiyo imwe yenyika huru dzeAfrica. Itiopia ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakakwirira, mapani, savannas, uye magwenga. Nzvimbo dzeEthiopian Highlands dzine dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemuAfrica uye ndimo munogara nzizi dzinoverengeka dzinobatsira muNile Basin. Nyika ine nhoroondo yakapfuma inotangira zviuru zvemakore. Iyo inotaridzirwa zvakanyanya seimwe yepakutanga mavambo ebudiriro yevanhu uye inozivikanwa nemagariro ayo ekare akadai seAksumite Empire neHumambo seZagwe Dynasty. Itiopiya zvakare ine nhaka yakasimba yetsika ine madzinza akawanda anogara mukati memiganhu yayo. Nehuwandu hwevanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni zana negumi neshanu, Ethiopia ndiyo imwe yenyika dzemuAfrica dzine vanhu vakawanda. Guta guru reAddis Ababa rinoshanda senzvimbo yaro yezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. Mutauro unonyanya kushandiswa kuEthiopia ndiAmharic; zvisinei, kune mitauro inodarika makumi masere inotaurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwemarudzi. Hupfumi hweEthiopia hunovimba zvakanyanya nekurima uko kunoshandisa chikamu chikuru chevagari vayo. Inotengesa bhinzi dzekofi kunze kwenyika (Ethiopia ichizivikanwa nekutanga kofi), maruva, miriwo ukuwo iine zvikamu zvemaindasitiri zvinozivikanwa sekugadzira machira nekugadzirwa kwematehwe. Pasinei nekutarisana nematambudziko akadai sehurombo uye nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika mune dzimwe nguva; mumakumi emakore achangopfuura Ethiopia yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakaita sekuvandudzwa kwekuwana dzidzo zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwehuwandu hwekusagona kuverenga nekufamba kwenguva & kuwedzera hutano hwehutano nezvimwe zvakadaro kuvandudza Hunhu HweHupenyu index zvinoshamisa zvichienzaniswa nekare. Panyaya yekushanya zvinogona kukwezva zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzenhoroondo dzakaita seLalibela rock-hewn chechi kana Aksum obelisks; pamwe chete nezvishamiso zvakasikwa seDanakil Depression kana Simien Mountains. Tsika dzakasiyana dzeEthiopiya, mhuka dzesango, uye mikana yekushanya inoita kuti ive nzvimbo inovimbisa yevashanyi. Mukupedzisa, Itiopiya inyika ine hupenyu ine nhoroondo yakapfuma, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, uye nhaka yetsika. Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvayo, inoramba ichiita nhanho mumhando dzakasiyana dzebudiriro uye inzvimbo inonakidza yekuenda kune zvese kushanya nemikana yebhizinesi.
Mari Yenyika
Ethiopia, inozivikanwawo seFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, ine mari yayo inonzi Ethiopian Birr (ETB). Zita rekuti "Birr" rinobva pachiyero chekare chekuEthiopian. Mari inoratidzwa nechiratidzo "ብር" kana kungoti "ETB". IEthiopian Birr inopihwa uye inodzorwa neNational Bank yeEthiopiya, rinova iro bhanga guru renyika. Inogadzirisa mitemo yemari uye inovimbisa kugadzikana muhurongwa hwemari. Iyo Birr inouya mumanotsi ane masangano akasiyana, anosanganisira 1 birr, 5 birr, 10 birr, 50 birr, uye 100 birr. Chinyorwa chega chega chine vanhu venhoroondo uye zviratidzo zvinomiririra hupfumi hwetsika yeEthiopia. Panyaya yemitengo yekuchinjana, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kukosha kwemari kunogona kuchinjika zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana semamiriro ehupfumi uye kutengeserana kwenyika. Kubva pa[rizvino], 1 US dhora (USD) inenge yakaenzana ne[exchange rate] Ethiopian Birrs. Nepo kutengeserana kwemuno kuchinyanya kushandisa mari muEthiopiya, nzira dzekubhadhara dzedhijitari dziri kuwana mukurumbira zvishoma nezvishoma mumaguta makuru. Makadhi echikwereti anogamuchirwa kune mamwe mahotera kana nzvimbo dzevashanyi; zvisinei, zvingava zvakajairika kuti mabhizimisi vasarudze kubhadhara mari. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vafambi vanoshanya kuEthiopiya vave neimwe mari yemuno pakushandisa mari yezuva nezuva sekutenga zvinhu kubva kumisika yemuno kana kubhadhara mabasa ekufambisa. Masevhisi ekuchinjanisa mari anogona kuwanikwa kumabhanga kana kumahofisi ekuchinjana kune dzimwe nyika mumaguta makuru. Pakazere, kunzwisisa uye kugadzirira neruzivo nezve mamiriro emari yeEthiopiya kunogona kubatsira kuve neruzivo rwakatsetseka rwemari panguva yekushanya kwako kunyika ino inonakidza.
Exchange Rate
Mari yepamutemo yeEthiopiya iEthiopian Birr (ETB). Kana iri yekufungidzira mitengo yekuchinjana kwemari dzepasi rose, ndapota cherechedza kuti tsika idzi dzinochinja nekufamba kwenguva. Heano mamwe ekufungidzira mitengo yekuchinja kubva munaNovember 2021: 1 USD ≈ 130 ETB 1 EUR ≈ 150 ETB 1 GBP ≈ 170 ETB 1 CNY ≈ 20 ETB Ndokumbira utarise kuti nhamba idzi dzinogona kushanduka uye zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kuti utarise kune inovimbika kunobva kana sangano rezvemari kuti uwane mitengo yekuchinja.
Mazororo Akakosha
Itiopiya inyika iri muEast Africa inopemberera akati wandei akakosha mhemberero nemazororo gore rese. Imwe yemitambo yakakosha ndeyeTimkat, inoitika muna Ndira 19 (kana 20th mumakore ekusvetuka). Timkat inozivikanwawo seEtiopian Epiphany uye inorangarira kubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu Kristu muRwizi Jorodhani. Panguva yemutambo uyu, zviuru nezviuru zvevanhu vekuEthiopia vanoungana kumachechi munyika yose vachipemberera. Vapristi vanotakura mifananidzo yeAreka yeSungano, yavanotenda kuti ine Mirairo Gumi. Vatori vechikamu vanopfeka zvipfeko zvichena zvechinyakare uye vanoimba nziyo dzenziyo zuva rese. Mukufora kwomuitiro, vanhu vanotevera sezvo vaprista vanokomborera mvura kupfurikidza nokuimwaya pavari vachiratidzira rubhapatidzo rwavo vamene. Imwe zororo rakakosha muEthiopia iKisimusi, inowira muna Ndira 7 maererano nekarenda yavo yeOrthodox. Mhemberero dzeKisimusi yekuEthiopia dzinotanga nekurinda kwehusiku kumakereke anonzi Genna Eve. PaZuva reKisimusi pacharo, mhuri dzinoungana kuti dziite mabiko anowanzo sanganisira injera (sourdough flatbread) uye doro wat (spicy chicken stew). Isita kana Fasika inopembererwawo zvakanyanya muEthiopiya yose. Zvinoratidza kumuka kwaKristu kubva murufu mushure mekurovererwa kwake uye kazhinji zvinoitika vhiki imwe gare gare kupfuura Easter Sunday inopembererwa neWestern Christians. Vazhinji vanopinda minamato yechechi panguva iyi vamwe vachitora chikamu muzviitiko zvetsika zvakadai sekubatidza moto wemoto kana kutamba mitambo yechivanhu segaga. Uyezve, Meskel mumwe mutambo unozivikanwa unopembererwa musi wa27 Gunyana kurangarira kuti Mambokadzi Helena akawana sei zvidimbu zvemuchinjikwa waJesu muzana remakore rechina AD. Mhemberero yeMeskel mhemberero inosanganisira kubatidza moto wakakura unonzi Demera pakuvira kwezuva usati watamba uchiitenderedza nenziyo dzinofadza. Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma yemitambo yakakosha yeEthiopia inoratidza tsika dzayo dzine simba, nhoroondo, uye zvitendero zvakasimba zvechitendero.
Foreign Trade Situation
Itiopia inyika yakakomberedzwa nenyika iri muNyanga yeAfrica. Iine hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana uye zvekurima zviri iro chikamu chikuru, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya kuGDP yenyika uye nekushandisa chikamu chikuru chehuwandu. Mumakore achangopfuura, Ethiopia yakaita nhamburiko yekusiyanisa hupfumi hwayo uye kusimudzira mamwe matunhu akaita sekugadzira, kuvaka, uye masevhisi. Panyaya yekutengeserana, Ethiopia inonyanya kuendesa kunze zvigadzirwa zvekurima sekofi, mbeu dzemafuta, pulses, maruva, michero nemiriwo. Kofi inonyanya kukosha kuhupfumi hweEthiopia sezvo iri imwe yevanogadzira nekutengesa zvakanyanya muAfrica. Zvimwe zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinosanganisira goridhe, zvigadzirwa zvematehwe, machira, uye zviwanikwa zvakaita sezvicherwa. Itiopiya inonyanya kupinza michina nemidziyo kumaindasitiri akaita semachira, mota dzezvekufambisa zvinosanganisira mota nezvikamu zvendege. Inopinzawo zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum sezvo isina matura emafuta epamba. Huyero hwekutengeserana hwenyika hwagara husina kunaka nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira kubva kune dzimwe nyika zvichienzaniswa nemari inowanikwa kunze kwenyika. Nekudaro, kukura kwakakwira kwekare kwemitengo yekunze pamwe nekusiyana kwekudyara kwekudyara kwakabatsira mukudzikisa gaka iri mumakore achangopfuura. Ethiopia ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kutengeserana kwayo nedzimwe nyika kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira kuedza kubatanidza hupfumi hwematunhu mukati menyika dziri nhengo dzeAfrican Union (AU) nekusimudzira kutengeserana kwemukati meAfrica pasi pezvirongwa zvakaita seAfCFTA (African Continental Free Trade Area). Mukupedzisa, Ethiopia inotsamira pane zvekurima kunze kwenyika asi inotsvaga kusiyanisa mune mamwe matunhu ichienderera mberi nekuedza kusimudzira hukama hwekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kuburikidza nemikana yemubatanidzwa yedunhu inopihwa neAU zvirongwa seAfCFTA.
Kubudirira Kwemusika
Itiopiya, iri muNyanga yeAfrica, ine mukana wakakura wekusimudzira musika wayo wekutengeserana kunze. Nehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika miriyoni zana negumi nembiri uye hupfumi huri kukura, nyika inopa mikana inobhadhara kumabhizinesi epasirese. Imwe yeEthiopiya yakakosha yemakwikwi mabhenefiti inzvimbo yayo ine hunyanzvi. Inoshanda segedhi remisika yematunhu akasiyana muAfrica neMiddle East, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo inoyevedza yekutengeserana. Pamusoro pezvo, Ethiopia inokwanisa kuwana nzira huru dzemvura dzepasirese kuburikidza nezviteshi zveDjibouti, zvichibvumira zvinhu zvekupinza uye kutumira kunze kunze. Rimwe chikamu chine hunyanzvi hwekurima. Ethiopia ine nzvimbo yakakura yakaorera yakakodzera kurima uye mamiriro ekunze akanaka ezvirimwa zvakasiyana. Nyika inotozivikanwa pasi rose seimwe yevatengesi vakuru vekofi nembeu dzemasame kunze kwenyika. Uyezve, kune kuwedzera kwekudyara muzvigadzirwa zvekurima semaruva nemichero. Kuwedzera kutengeswa kwezvekurima kunze kwenyika kunogona kubatsira mukuwana mari yekunze uku uchizadzisa kudiwa kwepasi rose kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya. Imwe nzvimbo inopa mukana usingabatike kugadzira. Hurumende yeEthiopia ine chinangwa chekushandura nyika kuti ive inotungamira kugadzira hub muAfrica kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakaita senzvimbo dzemaindasitiri uye kukurudzira kune vanoisa mari. Nemitengo yakaderera yevashandi kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda, vagadziri vanogona kubatsirwa nemitengo yemakwikwi vachiwedzera kugona kwavo kugadzira. Chikamu chebasa chinopawo mikana yekukura apo Ethiopia inovandudza zvivakwa zvayo, tekinoroji, nharembozha, kushanya, zvivakwa zvebhangi, uye masangano edzidzo. Sezvo zvikamu izvi zvinovandudza mumhando uye kuwanikwa mukati menyika yacho pachayo, zvinova zvinokwezva kune vekunze vanoisa mari vari kutsvaga kudyidzana kana mikana yekuwedzera. Zvinetso zviripo kana uchitsvaga mukana wemusika weEthiopia wekutengeserana wekunze senge zvifambiso zvisina kukwana kana kunonoka kune chekuita nehurongwa; zvisinei; zvipingamupinyi izvi zviri kugadziriswa nekuedza kuri kuramba kuchiitwa nehurumende kwakanangana nekuvandudza zvirongwa zvekuvandudza zvivakwa pamwe chete nekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvemitemo. Mukupedzisa, Zviwanikwa zveEthiopiya zvakawanda zvakasanganiswa nenzvimbo yayo yakanaka inopa nzira dzakakura dzinogona kuitika dzekusimudzira misika yekutengeserana kunze kwenyika mumaindasitiri ane chekuita nekurima sekutengesa kunze kofi kana kugadzirwa kwembeu dzesesame pamwe chete nezvikamu zviri kusimukira zvinosanganisira kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirira kuita zvinodiwa munharaunda nemitengo inokwanisika. Nerutsigiro rwehurumende rwuri kuenderera mberi, kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kuita shanduko dzinodiwa, Ethiopia iri pachinzvimbo chekuve nzvimbo inoyevedza yebhizinesi repasirese.
Zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinotengeswa pamusika
Kana zvasvika pakusarudza zvigadzirwa zvakakurumbira zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEthiopiya, zvakakosha kuti titarise zvinodiwa nemusika uye kusimba kwehupfumi hwenyika. Itiopiya ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinogona kutengesa kunze kwenyika, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyanya kubudirira mumakore achangopfuura. Imwe chikamu chakakosha chinoratidza vimbiso huru iindasitiri yezvekurima. Ethiopia inozivikanwa nenyika yayo yakaorera uye mamiriro okunze akanaka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kurima zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kofi, mhodzi dzeSesame, mbeu dzeoiri, mhunga (dzakadai senyemba nepizi), uye zvinonhuwira zvinotsvakwa zvikuru mumisika yepasi rose. Zvigadzirwa izvi hazvingove nekudiwa kwakasimba chete asiwo zvinozvirumbidza zvemhando yepamusoro nekuda kwenzira dzechinyakare dzekurima. Micheka nezvipfeko ndeimwe nharaunda iyo Ethiopia yakabuda semutambi anokwikwidza. Indasitiri yezvemachira munyika inobatsirikana kubva mukuwanda kwevashandi pamwe nekuwaniswa kwairi kuita misika yepasi rose kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakaita seAfrican Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Kuendesa kunze zvipfeko zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa kubva mukotoni yemuno isarudzo yakanaka. Uyezve, mabasa emaoko akaitwa neveEthiopian artisan anoratidza hupfumi hwetsika yenyika. Mhizha dzechinyakare dzakasiyana dzakaita setswanda dzakarukwa, hari, zvinhu zvematehwe (seshangu nemabhegi), zvishongo zvinogadzirwa negoridhe kana sirivheri zvinokosheswa zvakanyanya nevatengi pasi rese. Panyaya yemaitiro ekusarudza misika yezvinhu izvi: 1) Ziva misika inotariswa: Ongorora matunhu akasiyana zvichienderana nekuda kwavo kwezvakagadzirwa zvigadzirwa. 2) Ita tsvakiridzo yemusika: Ongorora zvido zvevatengi, nhanho yemakwikwi, maitiro emitengo. 3) Adaptation: Shandura kurongedza kana zvigadzirwa kuti zvienderane nemitemo yenyika nemirairo. 4) Kusimudzira: Gadzira mishandirapamwe yekushambadzira inoshanda yakanangana nevanozotenga kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nekutengeserana fairs kana online mapuratifomu. 5) Networking: Gadzirai kudyidzana nevatengesi kana vaparidzi vane network iripo mukati memisika inotarirwa. Pakazere, tichifunga nezvesimba reEthiopia mune zvekurima sekofi kana zvinonhuhwirira pamwe chete nemachira/nguwo & mhizha dzinogadzirwa nemaoko zvinogona kubatsira vanotengesa kunze kuti vaone sarudzo dzechigadzirwa dzakakurumbira dzakanangana nemisika yakasiyana-siyana.
Mutengi maitiro uye taboo
Itiopiya, iri muNyanga yeAfrica, inyika yakasiyana-siyana uye yakapfuma netsika ine yakasarudzika hunhu hwevatengi uye taboos. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunogona kubatsira mabhizinesi kunyatsotarisira vatengi veEthiopiya uku vachiremekedza kusaziva kwavo tsika. Mutengi Hunhu: 1. Kukoshesa: Vanhu vekuEthiopia vanowanzokoshesa mutengo uye vanotsvaga kukosha kwakanaka kwemari yavo. 2. Hukama-inotungamirwa: Kuvaka kuvimbana kuburikidza nehukama hwemunhu kwakakosha muEthiopian bhizinesi tsika. 3. Kuremekedza vakuru: Zera rinoremekedzwa zvikuru munzanga yeEthiopiya, saka vatengi vakura vanogona kupihwa pekutanga kana kuremekedzwa. 4. Collectivist mindset: Vanhu vekuEthiopia vanowanzokoshesa zvinodiwa munharaunda yavo kana mhuri pane zvavanoda. 5. Kuvimbika kwevatengi: Kana kuvimba kwawanikwa, vanhu vekuEthiopia vanowanzoratidza kuvimbika kune bhizinesi ravanoti rakavimbika. Cultural Taboos: 1. Zviratidzo nemaitiro echitendero: Ethiopia ine vanhu vakawanda vechitendero, vazhinji vechiKristu kana maMuslim, saka zvakakosha kuti tisanyomba kana kusaremekedza tsika dzechitendero kana zviratidzo. 2. Kushandisa ruoko rweruboshwe: KuEthiopia, kushandisa ruoko rwako rwekuruboshwe kuita sekubata mawoko, kupa/kugashira zvinhu zvinoonekwa sezvisina kuchena sezvo zvakachengeterwa hutsanana. 3 .Kupfeka kusina kukodzera : Kupfekedza zvipfeko zvinowanzoonekwa sezvisina kukodzera mutsika dzeEthiopiya nekuda kwemaitiro ayo ekuchengetedza; zvinokurudzirwa kupfeka zvine mwero paunenge uchifambidzana nevatengi veko. 4.Mashoko asina kunaka pamusoro penyika kana vatungamiri vayo : Vanhu veEtipo vane pfungwa yakasimba yekuda nyika uye vanodada nenhoroondo yenyika yavo; nokudaro mashoko asina kunaka pamusoro peEthiopia anofanira kudziviswa. Kunyatsobatana nevatengi veEthiopiya uye kufamba-famba zvingangoita taboos: 1.Tauriranai zvine ruremekedzo – Remekedza tsika nemagariro nekushandisa mazwi ane hunhu semhoreso ('Selam' - mhoro) & kuratidza kufarira tsika/tsika dzemunharaunda panguva yekukurukurirana. 2.Vaka hukama hwemunhu - Isa nguva mukuvaka hukama nekuita hurukuro diki inosimbisa zvakagovaniswa zvido & zviitiko. 3.Adapt nzira dzekushambadzira - Kuratidzira kugona, kukosha-kwe-mari, uye kukosha kwemhuri mukushambadzira kwekushambadzira kunogona kufadza vatengi vekuEthiopia. 4. Chengetedza kuremekedza tsika - Paunenge uchigadzira marogo kana zvinhu zvinoshambadza, dzivisa kubatanidza zviratidzo zvechitendero sezvo zvingaonekwa sekusaremekedza. 5.Iva nehanya nezviitiko zvechitendero - Ronga zviitiko zvebhizinesi rako uye mishandirapamwe yakatenderedza zviitiko zvakakosha zvechitendero seRamadan kana mazororo echiKristu eOrthodox. Nekunzwisisa yakasarudzika hunhu hwevatengi uye tsika dzetsika muEthiopia, mabhizinesi anogona kuchinjisa nzira dzawo nemazvo kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvemusika uyu wakasiyana uku vachiratidza ruremekedzo kutsika dzemuno.
Customs management system
Itiopiya, nyika yakakomberedzwa nenyika iri kuNyanga yeAfrica, ine tsika dzayo nemirairo yekubvakacha iyo vashanyi vanofanirwa kutevedzera pavanopinda kana kubuda munyika. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha nezveEthiopia tsika manejimendi system uye zvakakosha kufunga: 1. Matanho Ekupinda: Pakusvika panhandare dzendege dzeEthiopiya kana nzvimbo dzekutarisa muganhu, vashanyi vanofanirwa kuzadza fomu rekubva kune imwe nyika kuti vapinde munyika. Iri fomu rinowanzo sanganisira ruzivo rwemunhu uye ruzivo nezve kugara kwako. 2. Zvido zveVisa: Usati washanyira kuEthiopia, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinodiwa zvevhiza zverudzi rwako sezvo zvichisiyana nenyika nenyika. Vamwe vafambi vanogona kunge vanokodzera kupinda vhiza-yemahara nepo vamwe vangangoda kuwana vhiza vasati vasvika. 3. Zvinhu Zvinorambidzwa: Sezvakaita nyika zhinji, Ethiopia inorambidza zvimwe zvinhu kuunzwa munyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo, pfuti, mari yekunyepedzera, zvinhu zvinonyadzisira, uye chero zvinhu zvinonzi zvinotemerwa netsika kana kuti zvinokuvadza. 4. Mvumo Yebasa: Vashanyi vanobvumirwa kupinda pasina mutero pazvinhu zvavo zvavo zvakadai sembatya, makamera, malaptop, uye zvimwe midziyo yemagetsi inoitirwa kushandiswa kwomunhu oga panguva yavanenge vari muEthiopia. 5. Currency Regulations: Zvinosungirwa kuzivisa chero mari inopfuura $3,000 (USD) paunosvika kana kubva panhandare dzendege dzeEthiopia kana pakuyambuka bhodha. 6. Zvigadzirwa zveMhuka neZvirimwa: Vafambi vanofanira kuziva kuti kuunza zvigadzirwa zvemhuka (kusanganisira mhuka mhenyu) zvakadai senyama kana zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvinorambidzwa zvachose nekuda kwemitemo yezvokurapa yemhuka inotarisirwa kudzivirira kutapurirwa kwezvirwere pakati penyika. 7. Zvirambidzo Zvekutengesera kunze: Pakubva kuEthiopia netsika dzakakosha sezviwanikwa zvekuchera matongo kana zvinhu zvechitendero zvinodarika makore makumi mashanu; unofanira kuwana mvumo dzinodiwa kubva kune vane masimba vakasarudzwa usati wavabudisa kunze kwenyika zviri pamutemo. 8.Health Zvinodiwa: Zvichienderana nekwauri kufamba kubva; humbowo hwekudzivirira yellow fever hunogona kudiwa paunopinda muEthiopiya sezvo dzimwe nyika dzichionekwa senzvimbo dzechirwere ichi maererano nemirairo yehutano yazvino. 9.Customs Checkpoints: Kuti uve nechokwadi chekutevedzwa kwemitemo yetsika uye maitiro ekubvakacha, vafambi vanogona kudiwa kuti vapfuure nepanzvimbo dzekutarisa kana vapinda kana kubuda. Zvakakosha kuteerera uye kutevedzera mirairo kubva kuvakuru vecustodhi panzvimbo idzi dzekutarisa. 10. Kuremekedza Tsika Dzemunharaunda: Vashanyi vanotarisirwa kuremekedza tsika, tsika, uye chitendero cheko pavanenge vari kuEthiopia. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa uye kuteerera mitemo yeko, kupfeka zvine mwero paunoshanyira nzvimbo dzechitendero kana nzvimbo dzekumaruwa, uye kutsvaga mvumo usati watora mapikicha evanhu. Rangarira kuti ruzivo rwakapihwa igwara rinowanzo. Zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kuti utarise nemumiriri weEthiopiya kana mumiriri munyika yako kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve zvinodiwa zvekupinda, mirau yevhiza, uye chero shanduko dzichangobva kuitika kuEthiopia tsika manejimendi system.
Mitemo yemitero kubva kunze
Itiopiya inyika iri muNyanga yeAfrica uye ine mutemo chaiwo wemutero wekupinza munyika. Hurumende yeEthiopiya inoronga kupinzwa kwezvinhu munyika kuburikidza nezviyero zvakasiyana-siyana, semitero yemitero nemitero yevalue-added (VAT). Mitengo yemitero yekupinza muEthiopia inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa chiri kutengwa kunze kwenyika. Tariff inowanzoverengerwa zvichibva paHarmonized System (HS) kodhi, iyo inopa yakasarudzika kodhi kune chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa nekuda kwezvirongwa. Mari yebasa inogona kubva pa0% kusvika pazvikamu zvepamusoro zvichienderana nechikamu. Pamusoro pemitero yekunze, Ethiopia inoshandisawo VAT pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Mutero uyu unotemerwa nemitengo yakasiyana, ine zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zviri pasi pechiyero chegumi nemashanu%. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinogona kunge zviri pasi peyero yakaderedzwa kana kusunungurwa zvachose kubva kuVAT. Pamusoro pazvo, panogona kuve nemimwe mitero kana muripo wakashandiswa kune chaiwo zvinhu kana zvichienderana nekwazvakabva. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mitero yedoro nezvigadzirwa zvefodya kana mitero yekudzivirira kuraswa kwezvinhu zvine mutengo uri pasi pemutengo wakakodzera pamusika. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Ethiopia inosimudzirawo kugadzirwa kwemukati menyika kuburikidza nemitemo yekudzivirira uye kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika kungangoda kupihwa marezinesi kana mvumo kubva kune vane chekuita navo. Pamusoro pezvo, panogona kurambidzwa kupinza zvimwe zvinhu kunze kwenyika nekuda kwehutano, mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, kana kufunga nezvetsika. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekutevedzwa kwemitemo nemirau yemutero weEthiopia, zvinokurudzirwa kuonana nevakuru vecustomu kana nyanzvi dzine ruzivo nezvemitemo yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese usati waita chero zviitiko zvekupinza. Pakazere, kunzwisisa mutemo weEthiopia wemutero wekutenga kunze kwakakosha kumabhizinesi ari kuita kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika nenyika ino sezvo zvichibatsira kuona mutengo une chekuita nekutenga kunze kwenyika uye kuve nechokwadi chekuteedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo zvakatemwa nehurumende yeEthiopia.
Export mutero mitemo
Mutero weEthiopiya wemutero wekutengesa kunze une chinangwa chekusimudzira kukura kwehupfumi, kukwezva mari yekunze, uye kuwedzera mihoro yenyika. Hurumende yeEthiopia yakatora matanho ekutsigira chikamu chayo chekunze kwenyika uye kugadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yebhizinesi. Chekutanga, Itiopiya inopa dzakasiyana siyana mutero zvinokurudzira kune vanotengesa kunze. Makambani anoita mabasa ekugadzira kana agro-processing anokodzera kusunungurwa pamutero wakawedzerwa-mutengo (VAT) uye mutero wetsika pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvigadzirwa, uye zvikamu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mitengo yekugadzira uye zvinoita kuti vatengesi varambe vachikwikwidzana mumisika yepasi rose. Chechipiri, Ethiopiya yakashandisa hurongwa hwekudzosera kumashure kune vanokodzera vanotumira kunze kwenyika. Pasi pechirongwa ichi, vanotengesera kunze kwenyika vanogona kuda kudzoserwa pamitero yekunze inobhadharwa pazvinhu zvakashandiswa mukugadzira kana kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinenge zvazotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Gwaro iri rinokurudzira makambani kuti awane zvinhu zvinogadzirwa muno kwete kuzvitenga kunze kwenyika asi achipa rubatsiro rwemari nekubvisa mari yekunze. Zvakare, Ethiopia yakamisa akawanda Export Processing Zones (EPZs) munyika yose. MaEPZ anopa mamwe mabhenefiti akadai sekuderedzwa kwemitero yemakambani kubva pa0% kusvika pa25% zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye rudzi rwenzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, makambani akavakirwa paEPZ anonakidzwa nekutenga kunze kwenyika mahara emidziyo nemichina inodiwa pakugadzira. Kurerutsa kuita bhizinesi kune vanotengesera kunze, Ethiopia inoshandisawo One-Stop Shop sevhisi mukati memahofisi ayo ezvetsika. Iyi sevhisi yepakati inogonesa hurongwa hwekutonga hunoenderana nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nekubatanidza maitiro sekunyoreswa nevakuru vakakodzera, kuwana marezinesi kana zvibvumirano, mabasa ekuongorora pasi pemba imwe. Pakazere, mitemo yeEthiopia yemutero wekunze ine chinangwa chekukurudzira mabhizinesi ane chekuita nekutengesa kunze kwenyika nekudzikisa mutoro wavo wemutero uye kufambisa zviitiko zvekutengeserana. Matanho aya anokurudzira makambani emuno nevanoita mari kunze kwenyika zvakafanana kuti vaite mabasa ekutengesa kunze vachibatsira mukusimukira kwehupfumi hweEthiopia.
Zvitupa zvinodiwa pakutengesa kunze
Itiopiya, iri muEast Africa, inozivikanwa nehupfumi hwayo hwakasiyana uye maindasitiri anotarisa kunze. Kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye huchokwadi hwekutengeswa kweEthiopiya kunze kwenyika, nyika yakagadzira nzira yekupa zvitupa. Boka guru rinoita basa rekupa chitupa kunze kwenyika muEthiopia iEthiopian Conformity Assessment Enterprise (ECAE). ECAE isangano rakazvimirira rekutonga iro rinopa masevhisi ekuongorora uye ekuona kuti atevedzwa nezviyero zvepasirese nenyika. Vatengesi vekunze muEthiopia vanofanirwa kuwana Chitupa cheConformity (CoC) kubva kuECAE zvigadzirwa zvavo zvisati zvatengeswa kunze kwenyika. Ichi chitupa chinovimbisa kuti zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nemhando inodiwa, hutano, chengetedzo, uye zvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa zvinotarwa nenyika dzinopinza. Iyo certification process inosanganisira akati wandei matanho. Chekutanga, vatengesi vekunze vanofanirwa kunyoresa zvikumbiro zvavo neECAE uye voendesa magwaro akakodzera senge zvigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa uye mishumo yebvunzo. ECAE yobva yaita ongororo panzvimbo dzekugadzira kuti vaone kutevedzerwa kwemazinga. Kana zvigadzirwa zvikapfuura kuongororwa, ECAE inoburitsa CoC iyo inoshanda sehumbowo hwekuenderana. Ichi chitupa chinosanganisira ruzivo nezve mutengesi kunze, ruzivo rwechigadzirwa, mirau inoshanda kana zviyero zvinotevedzwa panguva yekuyedzwa, uye nguva yechokwadi. Kuve nechitupa chekutumira kunze hakungonatsiridza kuwanikwa kwemusika chete asiwo kunovaka kuvimbana pakati pevatengi maererano nemhando yezvigadzirwa zveEthiopia. Inoratidza kuzvipira kweEthiopiya kuzadzisa zviyero zvepasi rose uku ichiona kutengeserana kwakanaka pasi rose. Pamusoro peECAE's certification process yezvakajairwa kunze kwenyika, mamwe masekete anogona kunge aine zvimwe zvinodiwa. Semuyenzaniso: 1. Kofi: Sangano reEthiopian Coffee Exporters Association (CEA) rinoshanda pamwe chete nemasangano ehurumende akaita seEthiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) kuti ape zvitupa zvekofi kunze kwenyika maererano nemitemo yeECX yekutengesa. 2. Dehwe: The Leather Industrial Development Institute inoongorora kutevedzerwa zvichibva pamaitiro ekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza anozivikanwa pasi rose se ISO 14001. 3. Horticulture Development Agency inova nechokwadi chekutevedzwa kweGood Agricultural Practices (GAPs) yezvibereko zvitsva zvakagadzirirwa kumisika yekunze. Pakazere, hurongwa hweEthiopia hwakasimba hwekupa zvitupa hunobatsira kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvemunyika pasi rose, kuve nechokwadi chekugutsikana kwevatengi uye kuwedzera kukwikwidza mumisika yepasirese.
Recommended logistics
Itiopiya, iri muNyanga yeAfrica, inopa yakawanda mikana yezvigadzirwa uye manejimendi ekutengesa. Heano mamwe kurudziro ezvekuita zvinhu muEthiopia: 1. Infrastructure: Zvivakwa zveEthiopia zviri kukurumidza kuvandudzika, kunyanya panyaya dzekufambisa. Nyika ine nhandare dzendege dzepasi rose, kusanganisira Bole International Airport muAddis Ababa, iyo inoshanda senzvimbo huru yekufambisa yekutakura zvinhu mudunhu. 2. Port Access: Kunyange zvazvo Ethiopia iri nyika yakakomberedzwa nenyika, inokwanisa kuwana zviteshi kuburikidza nenyika dzakavakidzana dzakadai seDjibouti neSudan. Iyo Port yeDjibouti iri padyo nemuganhu weEthiopiya uye inoshanda segedhi rezvinhu kuburikidza nemigwagwa uye njanji. 3. Road Network: Ethiopia yanga ichidyara zvakanyanya mumigwagwa yayo yekuvandudza hukama mukati menyika uye nenyika dzakavakidzana. Mambure emigwagwa anosanganisira migwagwa mikuru ine tara uye migwagwa yekumaruwa, kufambisa kugovaniswa kwemumba pamwe nekutengeserana kwekuyambuka. 4. Railway Connectivity: Ethiopia yaita budiriro inoshamisa mukugadzira zvivakwa zvayo zvenjanji mumakore achangopfuura. Iyo Ethio-Djibouti Railway inobatanidza Addis Ababa nePort yeDjibouti, ichipa nzira inoshanda yekufambisa yekutakura zvinhu. 5. Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Ethiopia yakagadzira maSEZ akati wandei munyika yose kuti ikwezve vekunze vanodyara mari uye kusimudzira kusimukira kwemaindasitiri. Aya mazoni anopa mabhenefiti akasiyana senge akakwenenzverwa etsika, mitero yekukurudzira, uye akavimbika masevhisi ekushandisa anogona kukwirisa mashandiro ekuita. 6. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu: Addis Ababa ine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemazuva ano dzekuchengetera zvinhu dzakashongedzerwa matekinoroji epamusoro senge tembiricha yekudzora masisitimu uye inventory management software. Zvivakwa izvi zvinopa sarudzo dzakachengeteka dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvinoda hunyanzvi hwekubata kana kuchengetedza mamiriro. 7.Trade Agreements: Senhengo yenharaunda dzenharaunda dzehupfumi seCOMESA (Common Market for Eastern & Southern Africa), IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development), uye SADC (Southern African Development Community), Ethiopia inobatsirwa kubva kune zvakasarudzwa zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana. Zvibvumirano izvi zvinorerutsa maitirwo etsika uye zvinofambisa kufamba kwezvinhu mukati medunhu. 8. Private Logistics Provider: Kune makambani akati wandei akazvimirira ega anoshanda muEthiopiya anopa huwandu hwakawanda hwesevhisi, kusanganisira kutakura zvinhu, kubvumidzwa kwetsika, kuchengetera, kufambisa, uye kugovera. Kudyidzana neava vapeji vane ruzivo vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakatsetseka. Muchidimbu, kuvandudza kweEthiopiya zvivakwa, kuwana zviteshi kuburikidza nenyika dzakavakidzana, kuwedzera migwagwa nenjanji network, maSEZ anopa zvinokurudzira zvinokwezva kune vanoisa mari, nzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzekuchengetera zvinhu, zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakanaka mukati medunhu, uye vanovimbika vanopa zvinhu zvezvitima vanoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekuenda. uye inoshanda logistics mashandiro.
Nzira dzekusimudzira mutengi

Zviratidziro zvakakosha zvekutengeserana

Itiopiya inozivikanwa nehupfumi hwayo hwetsika, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, uye kukosha kwenhoroondo. Kwemakore, nyika yakawanawo mukurumbira senzvimbo yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mamwe akakosha ekunze ekutenga nzira uye kuratidzwa muEthiopiya. Imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekutenga zvinhu muEthiopia kuburikidza nenzvimbo yayo ine mukurumbira yehupfumi, The Ethiopian Industrial Park Development Corporation (IPDC). IPDC ine basa rekugadzira uye kutonga akasiyana maindasitiri mapaki munyika yose. Aya mapaki anopa zvinokurudzira zvinokwezva uye zvivakwa kune vese varidzi venzvimbo nevekunze. Mamwe emapaki anozivikanwa anosanganisira Hawassa Industrial Park, Bole Lemi Industrial Park, Kombolcha Industrial Park, etc. Aya mapaki anopa nzvimbo yevagadziri kuti varatidze zvigadzirwa zvavo kune vatengi vepasi rose kuburikidza nekuratidzira kwakasiyana-siyana uye kutengeserana. Itiopiya zvakare inotambira akati wandei epasirese expos uye mashoo anokwezva vatengi kubva pasirese. The Addis Chamber International Trade Fair (ACITF) chimwe chiitiko chakadai chinosimudzira kutengeserana pakati peEthiopia nedzimwe nyika kuburikidza nekuunza pamwe chete vatengesi vekunze nevanogona kutenga kunze kwenyika. Inopa mukana wekuti mabhizinesi aratidze zvigadzirwa zvawo muzvikamu zvakaita sekurima, machira, michina, zvekuvakisa, nezvimwe. Chimwe chiitiko chakakosha ndeyeEthio-Con International Exhibition & Musangano weKuvaka & Energy Equipment unoitwa gore negore muAddis Ababa. Chiratidziro ichi chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kukura kwakasimba muchikamu chekuvaka cheEthiopia nekubatanidza vatengesi vepamba nevagadziri vemidziyo yepasi rose. Pamusoro pezviitiko izvi, Ethiopiya inoshingairira kutora chikamu muzviratidziro zvine mukurumbira pasi rose seChina Import-Export Fair (Canton Fair), Dubai Expo 2020 (yave kuendeswa ku2021), Frankfurt Book Fair (yeindasitiri yekutsikisa), nezvimwewo, izvo zvinokwezva vatengi vanobva kumativi akasiyana enyika. Kunze kwemapuratifomu akadai semapaki eindasitiri nekuratidzira, Ethiopia yakagamuchirawo nzira dzemazuva ano dzinofambiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvinhu. IEthiopian Commodities Exchange (ECX) inoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kutengeserana kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvekurima. Inopa hurongwa hwakajeka uye hwakavimbika hwevatengi nevatengesi kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo kuburikidza nepuratifomu yepamhepo. Kupinda kweEthiopiya munyaya dzekutenga zvinhu pasi rose kunowedzerwa zvakare kuburikidza nenhengo yayo muzvibvumirano zvakasiyana zvekutengeserana zvedunhu nepasi rose. Kupinda kwenyika muAfrica Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) kunovhura mikana mitsva yekuti vemabhizimisi vekuEthiopia vawane musika mukuru mukati mekondinendi iyi. Mukupedzisa, Itiopiya inopa akasiyana akakosha ekunze nzira dzekutenga uye zviratidziro zvinofambisa kusimudzira bhizinesi nekutengeserana. Kubva kumapaki eindasitiri anotungamirwa neIPDC kuenda kuzviitiko zvakaita seACITF, Ethio-Con International Exhibition, uye kutora chikamu mukuratidzwa kwepasirese, Ethiopia inopa mapuratifomu evagadziri vepano nevatengi vekunze kuti vaite mukudyidzana kwebhizinesi kune zvibereko. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira dzemazuva ano dzinofambiswa netekinoroji dzakaita seECX dzinobatsirawo zvakanyanya kumamiriro ekutenga kwenyika. Sezvo Ethiopiya iri kuramba ichiisa mari muzvivakwa zvayo, maindasitiri, uye kubatana nedzimwe nyika, zvingangoita kuti mikana yakawanda ichamuka yezviitwa zvekutenga zvinhu munyika.
MuEthiopia, injini dzekutsvaga dzinonyanya kushandiswa ndeidzi: 1. Google (https://www.google.com.et): Google ndiyo injini yekutsvaga ine mukurumbira pasi rose uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuEthiopia. Inopa ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana uye inozivikanwa nokuda kwekururama kwayo uye mitsva yekutsvaga yakawanda. 2. Bing (https://www.bing.com): Bing imwe injini yekutsvaga ine mukurumbira inopa maitiro akafanana neGoogle. Inopa webhu, mufananidzo, vhidhiyo, uye kutsvaga kwemepu, pamwe nenhau uye sarudzo dzekutenga. 3. Yahoo (https://www.yahoo.com): Injini yekutsvaga yeYahoo ine zvakare yakakosha mushandisi muEthiopia. Inopa akasiyana emhando dzekutsvaga dzinosanganisira webhu, mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo, nhau, mitambo, mari, nezvimwe. 4. Yandex (https://www.yandex.com): Kunyange zvazvo isingashandisi zvakanyanya sematatu apfuura ataurwa pamusoro apa muEthiopia asi ichiri kukosha kutaurwa nokuda kwekukurumbira kwayo. Yandex inopa zvemukati zvemukati zvinosanganisira zvakajairwa nhau dzekudya uye mepu dzakagadzirirwa chaizvo vashandisi veEthiopiya. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nepo idzi dziri dzimwe injini dzinowanzo shandiswa muEthiopia; zvisinei mashandisiro azvo anogona kusiyana pakati pevanhu vakasiyana zvichienderana nezvavanoda kana mutsauko wedunhu mukati mehuwandu hwenyika pamhepo.

Mapeji makuru eyero

Ethiopia, iri muNyanga yeAfrica, ine madhairekitori akatanhamara eroro anogona kupa ruzivo runobatsira nezvemabhizinesi nemabasa munyika. Heano mamwe makuru eyero mapeji madhairekitori muEthiopia pamwe nemawebhusaiti avo: 1. Ethiopia Yellow Pages - Iri dhairekitori rinopa runyoro rwakadzama rwemabhizinesi nemasevhisi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana muEthiopia. Unogona kuiwana pa https://www.ethyp.com/. 2. Yene Directory - Yene Directory inopa runyoro rwakakwana rwemhando dzakasiyana dzebhizinesi kusanganisira maresitorendi, mahotera, mabhangi, zvipatara, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti yavo ndeye http://yenedirectory.com/. 3. AddisMap - AddisMap inopa online mepu-based dhairekitori uko iwe unogona kuongorora akasiyana siyana senge pekugara, nzvimbo dzehutano, maresitorendi, nenzvimbo dzekutenga muAddis Ababa (guta guru). Shanyira webhusaiti yavo pa https://addismap.com/ kuti uwane dzakananga nzvimbo mukati meguta. 4. Ethipoian-YP - Ethipoian-YP inopa chikuva chakanakira kutsvaga mabhizinesi emuno nechikamu kana nzvimbo muEthiopia yose. Unogona kuwana masevhisi avo pa https://ethipoian-yp.com/. 5. EthioPages - Iine mushandisi-ushamwari uye sarudzo dzakakura dzekutsvaga, EthioPages inogonesa vashandisi kuwana akawanda mabhizinesi mazita anoshandira matunhu akasiyana muEthiopia. Webhusaiti yavo inowanikwa pa https://www.ethiopages.net/. Aya madhairekitori emapeji eyero anoshanda sezviwanikwa zvakakosha kune vanhu vari kutsvaga ruzivo nezve mabhizinesi nemasevhisi mumaguta makuru eEthiopia seAddis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Bahir Dar, Hawassa, Mekelle pakati pevamwe. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mawebhusaiti aya anopa zvinyorwa zvine simba izvo zvingangoda kugadziridzwa nguva nenguva kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi maererano neruzivo rwekufonera uye kuwanikwa kwesevhisi kune zvakanyorwa.

Nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana

Itiopiya inyika iri kusimukira muEast Africa, uye ichine mukana wekuwana internet nemasevhisi edhijitari. Nekudaro, kune mashoma ari kubuda e-commerce mapuratifomu ari kuwana mukurumbira munyika. Heano mamwe makuru e-commerce mapuratifomu muEthiopia pamwe nemawebhusaiti avo: 1. Jumia Ethiopia: Jumia inzvimbo inozivikanwa zvikuru ye e-commerce inoshanda munyika dzakawanda dzemuAfrica, kusanganisira Ethiopia. Inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa zvakaita semagetsi, fashoni, midziyo yemumba, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: https://www.jumia.com.et/ 2. Shebila: Shebila ipuratifomu yeEthiopian e-commerce inotarisa pakupa zvigadzirwa zvemuno kune vatengi munyika yese. Vane mapoka akasiyana anosanganisira fashoni, zvemagetsi, zvekutengesa. Webhusaiti: https://www.shebila.com/ 3. Miskaye.com: Miskaye.com imusika wepamhepo wakagadzirirwa hunyanzvi uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nemaoko kubva kuEthiopian artisans. Webhusaiti: https://miskye.com/ 4. Addis Mercato: Addis Mercato inzvimbo yepaIndaneti yekutenga zvipfeko zvechiEthiopia zvechinyakare semadhirezi, zvishongedzo, zvinhu zvetsika zvakagadzirwa nenyanzvi dzeko. Webhusaiti: http://www.addismercato.com/ 5. Deliver Addis: Deliver Addis inonyanya kugovera chikafu asi inopawo zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakadai segirosari kubva kuzvitoro zveko uye ma pharmacy anopa vatengi muAddis Ababa. Webhusaiti: http://deliveraddis.com/ Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti e-commerce indasitiri muEthiopia ichiri kusimukira uye panogona kunge paine vatambi vatsva vanopinda mumusika kana mapuratifomu aripo anopa mamwe masevhisi nekufamba kwenguva. Disclaimer: Ruzivo rwakapihwa pamusoro pamusoro pemapuratifomu aya runogona kuchinja kana kupera nekufamba kwenguva; saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uone kuwanikwa kwavo usati watenga chero. Pakazere, mapuratifomu aya ane chinangwa chekusimudzira kurerukirwa kwevaEthiopia nekuvapa mukana wekuwana zvinhu nenzira dzedhijitari kunyangwe sarudzo shoma dzekutengesa dziripo mukati memiganhu yenyika.

Nzvimbo huru dzesocial media

Itiopiya, nyika iri kuEast Africa, ine akati wandei masocial media mapuratifomu anozivikanwa pakati pehuwandu hwayo. Mamwe emapuratifomu aya anosanganisira: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com): Facebook ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasocial media pasi rose, kusanganisira muEthiopia. Inobvumira vashandisi kubatana neshamwari uye mhuri, kugovera mafoto nemavhidhiyo, kujoinha mapoka, uye kutevera mapeji ekufarira. 2. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn inyanzvi yekubatanidza network inobatanidza nyanzvi dzemaindasitiri akasiyana. Inobvumira vashandisi kugadzira chimiro chehunyanzvi, kubatana nevanoshanda navo uye vangangove vashandirwi, kujoinha maindasitiri-chaiwo mapoka, uye kugovera zvinoenderana nezvirimo. 3. Twitter (https://twitter.com): Twitter is a microblogging platform apo vashandisi vanogona kuzviratidza kuburikidza nemashoko mapfupi anonzi "tweets." Yakakurumbira pakati pevaEthiopiya yekugovana nhau, maonero pane zvazvino zviitiko, kuita nhaurirano uchishandisa ma hashtag (#), uye nekutevera vanhu vane simba. 4. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com): Instagram ipikicha-inogovera social media chikuva chinotsigirawo mavhidhiyo mapfupi. MaEthiopiya anoshandisa Instagram kugovera zvinooneka zvirimo senge mapikicha ekufambisa, mapikicha echikafu, mafesheni, zvigadzirwa zveunyanzvi vachitevera vavanofurira kana mhando. 5. Teregiramu (https://telegram.org): Teregiramu iapp yekutumira mameseji chiriporipo inoshandiswa nevakawanda vekuEthiopia pakukurukurirana kweboka kana kutaurirana pachivande. Inopa maficha akadai sekupedzisa-kusvika-kumagumo encryption yekuwedzera kuvanzika uye kugona kugadzira chiteshi chekutepfenyura mameseji kune vanonyoresa. 6. TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com): TikTok yakawana mukurumbira pasi rese nekuda kweiyo pfupi vhidhiyo fomati apo vashandisi vanogona kuratidza hunyanzvi hwavo kuburikidza nekutamba zvinonetsa kana kuita kwemiromo-syncing. MaEthiopia mazhinji anonakidzwawo nekugadzira uye kuona TikTok mavhidhiyo pane akasiyana misoro. . MaEthiopiya anoshandisa Viber kubatana neshamwari uye mhuri mukati uye kunze kwenyika. Aya masocial media mapuratifomu anopa maEthiopia nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza, kugovana ruzivo, kutaura zvavanofunga, kuratidza matarenda, uye kugara vachigadziridzwa pane zvichangoburwa pasi rose. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kushandiswa kwesocial media kunogona kusiyana mumazera akasiyana nematunhu mukati meEthiopia.

Masangano makuru eindasitiri

Itiopiya, iri muNyanga yeAfrica, inozivikanwa nehupfumi hwayo hwakasiyana ine maindasitiri ari kusimukira. Heano mamwe emasangano makuru eindasitiri muEthiopia: 1. Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations (ECCSA) - ECCSA isangano rinotungamira rinomiririra masangano akasiyana-siyana ezvekutengeserana nemasangano muEthiopia. Chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kukura kwehupfumi, kusimudzira kutengeserana, uye mikana yekudyara. Webhusaiti: www.eccsa.org.et 2. Ethiopian Textile Industry Development Institute (ETIDI) - ETIDI yakanangana nekusimudzira nekusimudzira indasitiri yemachira kuburikidza netsvakiridzo, zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa, kuvaka kugona, uye mabasa ekuzivisa. Webhusaiti: www.etidi.gov.et 3. Ethiopian Horticulture Producer Exporters Association (EHPEA) - EHPEA inomiririra varimi veEthiopian horticulture nevanotengesera kunze nekusimudzira maitiro ebudiriro muchikamu cheindastiri ichi uku vachiona kuwanikwa kwemusika wezvigadzirwa zvavo pasi rose. Webhusaiti: www.ehpea.org.et 4. Ethiopian Airlines Pilots' Association (EAPA) - EAPA inomiririra vatyairi vendege vanoshandira imwe yemakambani makuru emuAfrica, Ethiopian Airlines. Chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekuchengetedza zvido zvevatyairi vendege uye kuona mashandiro akachengeteka mukati mechikamu chendege muEthiopia. 5. Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce & Sectoral Associations (AACCSA) - AACCSA inoshanda senzvimbo yemabhizimisi anoshanda mukati meAddis Ababa kuti abatanidze, vabatane, uye vareverere zvavanofarira zvakafanana pamatunhu ehurumende pamwe chete neforamu dzemunyika nedzepasi rose. Webhusaiti: www.addischamber.com 6.Ethiopian Bankers Association (ETBA)- ETBA inomiririra mabhanga ezvokutengeserana anoshanda mukati meEthiopia banking sector nekuvapa chikuva chekushandirapamwe panyaya dzemitemo ine chekuita nemari. Webhusaiti:http://www.ethiopianbankers.net/ 7.Ethiopian Poultry Producers & processors Association (EPPEPA)- EPPEPA inokurudzira kupfuwa kwehuku nekugadzirisa nyaya dzine chekuita nekugadzirwa, kugadzirisa, uye kutengesa kuburikidza nekutsvakurudza, kudzidzisa, uye kutsigira. Webhusaiti: Haipo Ndokumbira utarise kuti mamwe masangano anogona kunge asina webhusaiti yepamutemo kana mawebhusaiti avo anogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kutsvaga ruzivo rwepamusoro-soro pamasangano aya uchishandisa zvinyorwa zvinovimbika.

Bhizinesi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti

Kune akati wandei ehupfumi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti ane hukama neEthiopia, ayo anopa ruzivo nezvemikana yekudyara, marongero ekutengeserana, kunyoreswa kwebhizinesi, uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakakosha. Heano vashoma vane mukurumbira vane ma URL avo: 1. Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC): Webhusaiti yeEIC inopa ruzivo rwakakwana nezvemikana yekudyara muEthiopia. Inopa ruzivo pazvikamu zvekutanga, mitemo yekudyara, mirau, zvinokurudzira, uye inofambisa bhizinesi matchmaking masevhisi. Webhusaiti: https://www.investethiopia.gov.et/ 2. Ministry of Trade & Industry (MoTI): Webhusaiti yeMoTI inotarisisa zviitiko zvekusimudzira kutengeserana muEthiopia. Inopa zviwanikwa zvakakosha kune vanotengesa kunze uye vanotengesa kunze maererano nemishumo yekutsvagisa musika, zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, mutero uye ruzivo rwemabasa. Webhusaiti: https://moti.gov.et/ 3. Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce & Sectoral Associations (ECCSA): ECCSA ipuratifomu yekusimudzira mabasa ekutengeserana mukati meEthiopia. Webhusaiti yayo inopa ruzivo nezve akasiyana makamuri ekutengeserana anoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana munyika. Webhusaiti: https://www.ethiopianchamber.com/ 4. National Bank yeEthiopiya (NBE): NBE ndiyo bhangi guru rinogadzirisa mitemo yemari uye rinotarisira chikamu chemari munyika. Webhusaiti yayo inopa mishumo yenhamba yezviratidziro zvehupfumi zvakaita sekukwira kwemitengo, mitengo yemubereko pamwe nehurongwa hwemutemo hune chekuita nekubhanga. 5. Webhusaiti: http://www.nbe.gov.et/ 5.Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce & Sectoral Associations(AACCSA) AACCSA inosimudzira kudyidzana kwebhizinesi remuno nevekunze nekupa mikana yekubatanidza kuburikidza nezviitiko zvehunyanzvi Webhusaiti: http://addischamber.com/ 6.Ethiopian Horticulture Producer Exporters Association(EHPEA): EHPEA inomiririra varimi/makambani ekurima minda ane zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kumaruva kusvika kumichero Webhusaiti: http://ehpea.org/ 7.Addis Ababa Commercial Registration & Business Licensing Bureau: Iyi saiti inopa yakadzama nhungamiro yekutanga bhizinesi muguta reAddis Ababa, kusanganisira ruzivo rwerezinesi uye maitiro. Webhusaiti: http://www.addisababcity.gov.et/ Ndokumbira utarise kuti mawebhusaiti aya anogona kuve pasi pekuchinja kana kuvandudzwa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti utarise chokwadi uye kukosha kwawo panguva yekushandiswa.

Trade data query mawebhusaiti

Kune akati wandei mawebhusaiti anopa data rekutengesa kuEthiopia. Heano mamwe ane mukurumbira pamwe nema URL avo: 1. Ethiopian Customs Commission (ECC): Webhusaiti yeECC inopa mukana kune akasiyana masevhisi ane chekuita netsika, kusanganisira nhamba dzekutengesa uye ruzivo rwemitero. URL: https://www.ecc.gov.et/ 2. Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC): EIC inopa ruzivo runobatsira pamusoro pemikana yekudyara muEthiopia, kusanganisira data pamusoro pezviitwa zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye mitemo yekutengeserana. URL: https://www.ethioinvest.org/ 3. Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations (ECCSA): Webhusaiti yeECCCSA haingopi ruzivo nezvenzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzenyika asi inosanganisira data yakakosha ine chekuita nekutengeserana. URL: https://ethiopianchamber.com/ 4. National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE): NBE inopa ruzivo rwezvehupfumi nezvemari kuEthiopia, kusanganisira kuenzana kwekubhadhara, mitengo yekuchinja kwekunze, uye mamwe manhamba akakodzera anogona kubatsira pakuongorora kutengeserana kwenyika. URL: https://www.nbe.gov.et/ 5. Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority (ERCA) - ERCA ine basa rekuunganidza mitero uye kuisa mitemo yetsika muEthiopia. Webhusaiti yavo inopa mukana kune akasiyana masevhisi ane chekuita nemutero pamwe nemaitiro ekunze-kunze. URL: http://erca.gov.et/ Aya mawebhusaiti anogona kupa ruzivo rwakakwana nezve zviitiko zveEthiopia zvekutengeserana kwenyika, kusanganisira kuita kunze kwenyika, kukosha kwekunze, vatengesi vakuru vekutengesa, mabasa echivanhu, mikana yekudyara nezvimwe.

B2b mapuratifomu

Itiopiya, nyika iri kuNyanga yeAfrica, yaona kuvepo kuri kukura kwemapuratifomu eB2B ayo anobatsira maindasitiri akasiyana. Aya mapuratifomu anoshanda semisika yedhijitari uko mabhizinesi anogona kubatana, kubatana, uye kutengesa zvinhu nemasevhisi. Heano mamwe akakurumbira eB2B mapuratifomu muEthiopia pamwe neavo mawebhusaiti maURL: 1. Qefira (https://www.qefira.com/): Qefira ipuratifomu yepamhepo inogonesa kushambadza uye kutengeserana pakati pemabhizinesi anoshanda muEthiopia. Inobata zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvikamu zvakaita semotokari, zvivakwa, zvemagetsi, fashoni, mabasa, nezvimwe. 2. Exim Bank yekuEthiopia (https://eximbank.et/): Exim Bank yekuEthiopia inopa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvemari uye masevhisi ekusimudzira kutengeserana kwenyika dzemabhizinesi eEthiopia. Webhusaiti yayo inoshanda seB2B papuratifomu uko makambani anogona kuongorora kunze-kunze mikana, kuwana zvivakwa zvekutengesa mari, uye kuwana ruzivo rwehungwaru hwemusika. 3. Entoto Market (https://entotomarket.net/): Chikuva ichi chinonyanya kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zveEthiopian artisan sezvipfeko zvinogadzirwa kubva kumachira echinyakare kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaoko. Entoto Market inopa nzira yekubatanidza vatengi nevatengesi zvakananga. 4. EthioMarket (https://ethiomarket.net/): EthioMarket inotarisa pachikamu chekurima nekubatanidza varimi nevatengi vari kutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvekurima sebhinzi dzekofi kana zvinonhuwira zvinogadzirwa kuEthiopia. Inoita kuti varimi varatidze zvigadzirwa zvavo pamhepo vachibvumira vatengi kuwana vatengesi vanovimbika. 5.BirrPay: BirrPay mupi wemagetsi ekubhadhara mhinduro anogara kuEthiopiya anopa akachengeteka B2B magedhi ekubhadhara emabhizinesi emuno achitsvaga zviri nyore kubhadhara kwedhijitari. 6.Ethiopian Bhizinesi Portal: Ethiopian Bhizinesi Portal (https://ethbizportal.com/) inoshanda seyese-mu-imwe inozivisa portal yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana sekugadzira & indasitiri yekusimudzira chikamu chenhau dzekuvandudza & mabhuku. Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma yakakurumbira yemapuratifomu eB2B anowanikwa muEthiopia. Sezvo dhijitari ecosystem munyika iri kuramba ichikura, zvinokwanisika kuti mamwe mapuratifomu achabuda, achipa maindasitiri akasiyana uye zvinodiwa nebhizinesi.
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