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Nyika Overview
Ukraine, inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seUkraine, inyika yakazvimirira iri muEastern Europe. Ndiyo nyika yechipiri pakukura muEurope mushure meRussia. Kuvhara nzvimbo inosvika 603,628 square kilometers, Ukraine inogovera miganhu yayo nenyika nomwe dzinosanganisira Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova neRussia. Iine huwandu hwevanhu vanosvika mamirioni makumi mana nemana, Ukraine inozivikanwa neyakasiyana-siyana nhaka yetsika uye madzinza. Mutauro wepamutemo iUkraine; zvisinei, chiRussian nemimwe mitauro mishoma inotaurwawo nezvikamu zvikuru zvechiverengero chavagari vapasi. Kiev inoshanda seguta guru uye guta guru reUkraine. Iyo inzvimbo yakakosha yeindasitiri uye ine kukosha kwenhoroondo nekuda kwezvinoshamisa zvekuvaka seSaint Sophia Cathedral uye Kyiv Pechersk Lavra monastery complex. Ukraine ine hupfumi hwakasanganiswa hunosanganisira zvekurima, maindasitiri ekugadzira senge simbi yekugadzira uye mota dzekugadzira zvikamu. Nyika iyi ine minda yekurima yakakura zvichiita kuti ive imwe yevanonyanya kutengesa zviyo kunze kwenyika. Pamusoro pezvo, ine zvakakosha zviwanikwa zvakaita semarasha anochengeterwa izvo zvinopa chikamu chayo chesimba. Iyo yakapfuma nhoroondo uye tsika yeUkraine inogona kupupurirwa kuburikidza neakawanda mamiziyamu anoratidza zvigadzirwa kubva kare kusvika kune yazvino art kumisikidzwa. Folk arts senge embroidery nekutamba kwechinyakare zvakare chikamu chakakosha chetsika yeUkraine. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura Ukraine yakatarisana nemhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika nekuda kwekukakavadzana neRussia pamusoro pematunhu akaita seCrimea muna 2014; nyaya iyi haisati yagadziriswa nanhasi. Ukraine inochengetedza hukama nemasangano akasiyana-siyana epasi rose akaita seUnited Nations (UN), World Trade Organisation (WTO), European Union (EU) pamwe chete nekuve nekudyidzana nenyika dzakavakidzana nehurongwa hwekudyidzana kwedunhu. Mukupedzisa Ukarine inyika ine hupenyu inobatanidza nzvimbo dzinoyevedza kubva kumahombekombe egungwa paBlack Sea kusvika kumakomo akanaka eCarpathian. Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvinoramba zvichienderera mune zvematongerwo enyika uye mune zvehupfumi, asi maUkraine anoenderera mberi nekuedza kwavo kubudiriro asi vachikoshesa nhaka yavo yakapfuma yetsika.
Mari Yenyika
Ukraine, nyika iri kuEastern Europe, ine mari yayo inozivikanwa seUkraine hryvnia (UAH). Hryvnia yakaunzwa muna 1996 semari yepamutemo yeUkraine mushure mekuparadzwa kweSoviet Union. Hryvnia yakakamurwa kuita 100 kopiykas. Inouya mumasangano akati wandei anosanganisira mabhengi e1, 2, 5,10, 20,50,100 uye mari ye1,2,5 uye kopiykas. Mwero wekuchinjana weUkraine Hryvnia unosiyana maringe nehombe dzepasirese. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwehupfumi uye geopolitical zvinhu zvakadai sekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kana hukama hwepasi rose nenyika dzakavakidzana seRussia; mwero wekuchinjana unogona kuchinjika zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva. Kuchinjana mari kana kuwana maUkraine hryvnias uchishanyira Ukraine kana kuita bhizimusi rekutengesa mukati menyika rinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nemvumo yekubhanga kana mahofisi ekuchinja mari ane rezinesi (anozivikanwa se "obmin valiuty" muchiUkraine). Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashanyi vashandise nzira dzepamutemo dzekuchinjana mari kuti vadzivise hutsotsi kana manotsi emanyepo. Uyezve, mamwe makadhi echikwereti anozivikanwa pasi rose anogona kushandiswa kumaATM mhiri kweUkraine kuita mabasa ekubvisa mari. Pakazara, iyo Ukraine Hryvnia inoshanda senzira yekubhadhara zvinhu uye masevhisi mukati meUkraine. Kunyangwe inogona kusangana nekushanduka nekuda kwehupfumi zvinhu uye geopolitical zviitiko, inoramba yakabatana kune Ukraine's zvemari system.
Exchange Rate
Mari yepamutemo yeUkraine ndiyo hryvnia yeUkraine (UAH). Kana iri mwero wekutsinhana nemari huru dzepasirese, hezvino maitiro akaenzana (zvichienderana nekuchinja): 1 USD (Dhora reUnited States) = 27 UAH 1 EUR (Euro) = 32 UAH 1 GBP (British Pound) = 36 UAH 1 CAD (Dhora reCanada) = 22 UAH Ndokumbira utarise kuti mitengo iyi ndeyekufungidzira uye inogona kusiyana.
Mazororo Akakosha
Ukraine, nyika iri muEastern Europe, inopemberera akawanda akakosha mazororo emunyika gore rese. Mitambo iyi yakadzika midzi munhoroondo yenyika, tsika nemagariro. Chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha iZuva reIndependence musi waNyamavhuvhu 24. Zororo iri rinorangarira kuzvitonga kuzere kweUkraine kubva kuSoviet Union muna 1991. Zuva iri rinocherechedzwa nemhemberero dzakasiyana siyana dzinosanganisira maparade, makonzati, mafirework, uye kuratidzwa kwetsika. Imwe mhemberero yakakosha iZuva reBumbiro remitemo, rinocherechedzwa musi wa28 Chikumi. Zororo iri rinokudza kutorwa kwebumbiro remutemo reUkraine muna 1996. VaUkraine vanotora chikamu mumitambo yeruzhinji uye mabasa anokurudzira kuziva nezvekodzero dzavo dzebumbiro nemabasa sevagari. Isita inoramba iri mutambo wakakosha wechitendero kune vekuUkraine avo vanonyanya kuve veUkraine Orthodox Church. Chiitiko ichi hachina musi wakatarwa asi chinowanzova pakati paMarch naApril zvichitevera karenda yaJulius. Vanhu vanotora chikamu mumasevhisi echechi, vanoita zvechinyakare Isita zai kupenda inozivikanwa se "pysanka," uye kuita mabiko anonaka nemhuri neshamwari. Vyshyvanka Day ine kukosha kwakakosha kune vekuUkraine sezvo ichipemberera zvipfeko zvavo zvechinyakare zvakarukwa zvinonzi vyshyvanka. Inocherechedzwa gore negore musi weChina wechitatu waMay kubvira 2006, zuva rino rinokurudzira vanhu kupfeka vyshyvankas kuratidza kuzvikudza kwenyika uye nhaka. Munguva yeKisimusi (Ndira 7 zvichibva pakarenda yaJulius), vanhu vekuUkraine vanopemberera tsika dzechiKatorike nedzeOrthodox nemasevhisi echitendero anozivikanwa se "Praznyk." Kurovera pasuo nesuo kunounza nharaunda pamwe chete vachinakidzwa nekudya kwechinyakare sekutia (sweet grain pudding) kana borscht (beet soup). Iyi ingori mimwe mienzaniso yekusingakanganwiki mazororo eUkraine anoratidza ayo akapfuma nhoroondo, tsika yenhaka siyana munzvimbo dzese mukati meUkraine pachayo ichivaita chikamu chakakosha chekuzivikanwa kweUkraine.
Foreign Trade Situation
Ukraine inyika iri kuMabvazuva kweEurope uye ine hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana inotarisana nekurima, indasitiri, uye masevhisi. Mamiriro ekutengeserana munyika akatarisana nematambudziko mumakore achangopfuura asi achipawo mikana. Zvikuru zveUkraine zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakaita sezviyo, mafuta ezuva, miriwo, michero, uye nyama. Nyika inozivikanwa se "breadbasket yeEurope" nekuda kwevhu rakaorera uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvekurima. Izvi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kune yeUkraine kutengeserana mwero. Mukuwedzera kune zvekurima, Ukraine inotumirawo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri zvinosanganisira michina nemidziyo, simbi nesimbi zvigadzirwa (simbi ore, simbi), makemikari (fetireza), machira, uye zvipfeko. Maindasitiri eUkraine akaita basa rakakosha muchikamu chekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Ukraine inonyanya kuvimba nekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kuti upfumi kukura. Vadyidzani vayo vakuru vekutengeserana iEuropean Union (EU), Russia, China, Turkey, India, Egypt pakati pevamwe. Kutengeserana neEU kwakawedzera kubva pakaitwa chibvumirano chekutengeserana pasina mubhadharo muna 2016. Chibvumirano chakabvisa zvipingamupinyi zvemitero pakati peUkraine nenyika dzenhengo dzeEU zvichikonzera kuti mapato ese ari maviri awedzere kuwana musika. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika neRussia kwakakanganisa maitiro ekutengeserana eUkraine. Kutevera kutorwa kweRussia kweCrimea muna 2014 uye kukakavara kuEastern Ukraine kubva ipapo kwakakanganisa hukama hwehupfumi pakati penyika mbiri idzi zvichikanganisa kutengeserana kwenyika mbiri. Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya uye kukwezva mari yekunze yekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika sekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika kana mapurojekiti emagetsi anovandudzwa zvave nzvimbo dzekufarira kusimudzira kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. Pakazara kunyangwe mamwe matambudziko akatarisana nehupfumi hweUkraine nguva pfupi yadarika kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwaitwa mukuvandudza hukama hwayo hwekutengesa munzvimbo dzese ichikurudzira mikana mitsva inobatsira mukumwe kubatanidzwa mumisika yepasi rose.
Kubudirira Kwemusika
Ukraine, iri kuEastern Europe, ine mukana wakakura wekuvandudza musika wayo wekutengesa kunze. Nyika ine mhando dzakasiyana dzezviwanikwa, vashandi vane hunyanzvi, uye hurongwa hwenzvimbo. Rimwe resimba rakakosha reUkraine ndiro chikamu chekurima. Nyika ine nzvimbo yakakura yakaorera yakakodzera kurima uye yagara ichizivikanwa se "breadbasket of Europe." Ukraine ndeimwe yevagadziri vepasi uye vanotengesa zviyo kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira gorosi nechibage. Izvi zvinopa mikana mikuru yekudyidzana kwekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kuti zvizadzise zvido zvekudya zvepasi rose. Pamusoro pezvo, Ukraine ine zvicherwa zvakapfuma zvakaita sesimbi ore, marasha, uye gasi rechisikigo. Zviwanikwa izvi zvinotsigira indasitiri yemetallurgical yenyika, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yevanogadzira simbi pasi rose. Bato rinobudirira rakadai rinogonesa Ukraine kuita zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pasi rose uye kupa zvigadzirwa kune akasiyana maindasitiri. Uyezve, Ukraine ine vanhu vakadzidza zvakanyanya vane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwehunyanzvi mumaindasitiri akaita seIT masevhisi uye kugadzira aerospace. Nyika inobatsirikawo nemari yevashandi inokwanisika kana zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzakabudirira. Izvi zvinhu zvinokwezva mari kubva kumakambani epasi rese ari kutsvaga masevhisi ekunze kana kutanga nzvimbo dzekugadzira. Uyezve, nzvimbo yeUkraine yakasarudzika pamharadzano yemigwagwa pakati peEurope neAsia inopa nzira dzekufambisa dzakanakira kuita kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Inoshanda segedhi pakati pemisika yeEU neCentral Asia nyika dzakaita seChina neKazakhstan kuburikidza neyakagadzirwa njanji network. Nekudaro, kunyangwe izvi zvinogoneka, matambudziko akati wandei anoda kugadziriswa kuti abudirire musika wekunze muUkraine. Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuri kuramba kuchikanganisa maonero emamiriro ebhizinesi pakati pevanoisa mari ukuwo huwori huchiunza zvipingamupinyi kumakwikwi akanaka. Kuvandudza zvinhu izvi kuchave kwakakosha mukukwezva mari inoyerera ichipinda munyika. Mukupedzisa, Ukraine ine mukana wakakura mukusimudzira kwayo musika wekutengeserana wekunze nekuda kwesimba rayo rekurima semutengesi wezviyo uye zviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotsigira maindasitiri akasiyana semetallurgy. Pamusoro pezvo, vashandi vakanyatsodzidza vane hunyanzvi mumasevhisi eIT vanopa mikana yekushandira pamwe nepo geographical mukana unowedzera nzira dzekufambisa dzinobatanidza matunhu akasiyana pasi rose. Pasinei nematambudziko akadai sekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye huwori zvinonetsa izvo zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichiramba zvichivandudza bhizinesi nharaunda zvichafambisa kukura kwekutengeserana kweUkraine kwekufamba kwenguva.
Zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinotengeswa pamusika
Kana zvasvika pakusarudza zvigadzirwa zvinotengesa zvinopisa zvemusika weUkraine wekunze wekutengeserana, zvakakosha kuti titarise zvakasarudzika zvakanakira nyika uye zvinodiwa nevatengi. Sehupfumi hune simba uye huri kukura, Ukraine inopa mikana yakawanda yemabhizinesi ari kutsvaga kuwedzera kuvepo kwavo mumusika uyu. Chekutanga, zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinotsvakwa zvakanyanya muUkraine nekuda kwevhu rayo rakapfuma uye mamiriro ekunze akanaka. Zviyo zvakaita segorosi, chibage nebhari zviri kudiwa zvakanyanya munyika uye kuti zvitengeswe kunze kwenyika. Uyezve, michero (maapuro, majiroji) nemiriwo (mbatatisi, hanyanisi) ndizvo zvinonyanya mukudya kweUkraine. Chechipiri, kupiwa Ukraine hwaro maindasitiri uye vane hunyanzvi vashandi, michina uye midziyo zvakare yakakurumbira kunze kwenyika. Michina inoenderana nekurima (matirakita, vakohwi), kuvaka (vacheri), kugadzirwa kwesimba (jenareta), pamwe nemidziyo yekurapa inogona kunangwa kutengesa. Chechitatu, zvinhu zvevatengi zvakaita semagetsi (masmartphones & accessories), midziyo yemumba (mafiriji & maTV), zvipfeko & shangu zvine kudiwa kukuru pakati pevaUkraine vanotsvaga zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro nemitengo inokwanisika. Zvakare, zvigadzirwa zvinogonekazve zvine chekuita nesimba zvinobata mukana wakakura nekuda kwekuzvipira kweUkraine mukusimudzira budiriro. Solar panel/ wind turbines/ midziyo inobata simba inogona kunge iri sarudzo dzinonakidza dzekutengesa kunze. Uyezve, nekuwedzera kwemaitiro ekudyidzana kwepasi rose mumakore achangopfuura - e-commerce yanga ichikwira zvakare. Saka kupa zvinhu zvinoyevedza senge zvizorwa / runako zvigadzirwa / hutano zvinowedzera pamhepo zvinogona kupinda muchikamu ichi chevatengi vanosarudza zviri nyore zvekutenga zviitiko. Zvakakosha kwete chete kuziva izvi zvinogona chigadzirwa zvikamu asiwo kunzwisisa mitemo yomunharaunda maererano nokupinza mitemo kana pamutemo zvinodiwa maererano kutengesa zvimwe zvinhu mumusika wokuUkraine. Mukupedzisa: Zvigadzirwa zvekurima sezviyo nemichero; michina & midziyo; zvinhu zvevatengi zvakadai semagetsi & midziyo yemumba; zvinhu zvinogoneka zvine chekuita nesimba; e-commerce zvinopihwa zvinosanganisira cosmetics / runako zvigadzirwa zvese zviripo zvinovimbisa sarudzo paunosarudza zvinopisa-zvinotengeswa zvigadzirwa zvemusika weUkraine wekunze wekutengeserana. Zvakadaro - kutsvagurudza kwekutanga nezve mirau / pamutemo kwakakosha zvakare.
Mutengi maitiro uye taboo
Ukraine, iri kuEastern Europe, ine yakasarudzika hunhu hwevatengi uye tsika taboos. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kwakakosha pakubudirira kwekudyidzana kwebhizinesi munyika. Mutengi Hunhu: 1. Relationship-oriented: Ukrainians kukoshesa ukama hwomunhu uye kuvimba pakuita bhizinesi. Kuvaka hukama hwakasimba hwakavakirwa pakuremekedzana kunokosha. 2. Ruremekedzo uye kugamuchira vaeni: Vatengi muUkraine vanoonga maitiro ane ruremekedzo, akadai sekukwazisa nekubata maoko kwakasimba uye kushandisa mazita ekuremekedza (semuenzaniso, Mr./Ms./Dr.) kusvikira vakokwa kushandisa mazita ekutanga. 3. Value-conscious: Ukrainians vane mutengo-sensitive vatengi vanowanzoenzanisa mitengo vasati vaita kutenga sarudzo. 4. Kuremekedza tsika: Ukrainian makasitoma kazhinji kukoshesa tsika nemagariro nhaka uye tsika tsika, izvo zvinogona kupesvedzera kutenga zvavanofarira. 5. Nguva kuchinjika: Ukrainians vanogona kuva nemafungiro akasununguka kune kubata nguva uye vangasaomerera zvakasimba kune zvirongwa kana nguva dzekupedzisira. Cultural Taboos: 1. Kutsoropodza Ukraine kana tsika yayo: Zvakakosha kudzivisa kuita mashoko anozvidza pamusoro penyika kana tsika dzayo paunenge uchidyidzana nevatengi veUkraine. 2. Kusaremekedza zvinotendwa muzvitendero: Ukraine ine miitiro yezvitendero yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira chiKristu cheOrthodox ndicho chiri chikuru. Kuratidza kusaremekedza zvitendero zvechitendero kunogona kukonzera kukakavara kana kugumbura vatengi. 3. Kufuratira kwaziso dzemhemberero: VaUkraine vane kwaziso chaiyo yezviitiko zvakasiyana, kunyanya panguva yezororo kana mhemberero dzemhuri semichato kana mariro. Kubvuma kwaziso idzi kunoratidza kuremekedza tsika dzavo. 4.Nhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika: Dzivisa kukurukura nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika dzine chekuita nenhoroondo yeUkraine senguva yeSoviet Union; zvakanaka kuti usiyane nezvematongerwo enyika zvachose kunze kwekunge wakokwa zvakajeka nemutengi. Pakazara, kuchengetedza hunyanzvi, kumisa hukama hwemunhu hunobva pakuvimba, uye kuratidza kuonga tsika dzeUkraine zvinhu zvakakosha pakubata nevatengi vanobva kuUkraine. Kuziva nezve tsika taboos kuchaita kuti kukurukurirana zvine ruremekedzo kunokurudzira hukama hwakanaka nevamwe vako vekuUkraine
Customs management system
Ukraine ine yakanyatsogadziriswa tsika uye muganhu kudzora hurongwa munzvimbo kuti ive nechokwadi kuyerera kwakatsetseka kwevanhu uye nhumbi mukati nokunze kwenyika. Iyo State Fiscal Service (SFS) ine basa rekuita mirau yetsika uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwemuganhu. Kana vapinda muUkraine, vafambi vanofanirwa kupa pasipoti inoshanda ine inokwana mwedzi mitanhatu yechokwadi yasara. Uyezve, dzimwe nyika dzinogona kuda visa zvichienderana nekugara kwavo. Zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa neUkraine Embassy kana Consulate vasati vafamba. Panyaya yezvigadzirwa, pane zvimwe zvinorambidzwa pane izvo zvinogona kuunzwa muUkraine. Zvinhu zvakadai sezvinodhaka, zvombo, zvinoputika, uye zvigadzirwa zvemanyepo zvinorambidzwa zvachose. Zvimwe zvinhu zvingangodawo mvumo chaiyo kana zvinyorwa kuti zvipinzwe kunze kwenyika. Tsika kuzivisa zvinosungirwa kana uchiunza mari inodarika zviuru gumi zveEuro kana zvakaenzana nayo. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita zviziviso zvakarurama kudzivirira chero zvirango zvingangoitika kana kunonoka kumuganhu. Pakuyambuka muganhu, iwe unowanzo tarisa macheki ekubvakacha uko pasipoti yako ichaongororwa uye nekudhindwa zvinoenderana. Mukwende unogona kuongororwa zvisina tsarukano nevakuru vecustodhi nechinangwa chekuchengetedza. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti huwori hwave huri nyaya mutsika dzeUkraine munguva yakapfuura; zvisinei, kuedza kwakaitwa nevakuru kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kuburikidza nekuwedzera kujeka uye nzira dzekutarisa. Kuve nechokwadi chechiitiko chakatsetseka uchipfuura netsika dzeUkraine: 1. Zvijairirane nezvichangoburwa zvinodiwa pakufamba kubva kunzvimbo dzepamutemo usati waenda. 2. Iva nemagwaro ose anodiwa akagadzirira kuongororwa. 3. Zivisa chero zvinhu zvakakosha nemazvo. 4.Be vakagadzirira zvinobvira mutauro zvipingamupinyi nokuva zvinokosha mashoko akashandurirwa Ukrainian kana Russian. 5.Iva nemoyo murefu panguva yekuongorora kwekuenda kune dzimwe nyika sezvo nguva dzekumirira dzinogona kusiyana. Nokutevera nhungamiro idzi uye kuomerera kuUkraine tsika mirau, unogona kufamba mumiganhu yenyika zvakanaka uchiremekedza mitemo yayo uye tsika.
Mitemo yemitero kubva kunze
Ukraine, senyika inozvitonga, ine mitemo yayo yemitengo yekunze inotarirwa kutonga kupinda kwezvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Mutero wemitero wemunyika wakanangana nekuchengetedza maindasitiri emunyika, kuenzanisa kushomeka kwemari yekutengeserana pamwe nekuwanisa hurumende mari. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha nezve kuUkraine mabasa ekunze: 1. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinopinda muUkraine zviri pasi pemitero yetsika zvichienderana nechikamu chavo maererano neKuukraine kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvekunze kwehupfumi. 2. Preferential tariffs kazhinji kushandiswa pasi siyana vakasununguka zvibvumirano kuti Ukraine yakasaina nedzimwe nyika. Zvibvumirano zvakadaro zvinoderedza kana kubvisa mutero wetsika pazvigadzirwa zvakatengwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika. 3. Huwandu hwemutero unotemerwa hunowanzoenderana nemutengo wetsika kana mutengo wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kuwedzera kune chero mari yekufambisa uye inishuwarenzi ine chekuita nekuuya nazvo kuUkraine. 4. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuregererwa mutero zvachose kana zvikawira pasi pezvikamu zvakati zvakakoshera budiriro yenyika kana zvichionekwa sezvinofanirwa nezvinangwa zverubatsiro. 5. Zvimwe zvekurima uye zviwanikwa zvinogona kunge zvine mwero wetsika wakakwirira wakaiswa sematanho ekudzivirira kune vanogadzira mudzimba. 6. Mitero yekuwedzera yakaita semutero wevalue-added (VAT) uye mutero wekunze unogona kushandawo zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa chiri kutengwa kunze kwenyika. 7. Vatengesi vanobva kunze kwenyika vanogona kutarisana nemari yekutonga ine chekuita netsika dzekubvisa, zvinyorwa zvinodiwa, kuongorora, uye mamwe maitiro ekutonga pazviteshi zvegungwa nemiganhu yenyika. 8. Hurumende yeUkraine nguva nenguva inogadziridza purogiramu yayo yemitero kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemutemo kune chinangwa chekubatana nezvibvumirano zvepasi rose kana kugadzirisa zvinangwa zvehupfumi zvakadai sekutsigira maindasitiri emunharaunda kana kudzora zvinhu kunze kwenyika panguva yedambudziko rezvemari. Ndokumbira utarise kuti ruzivo urwu runopa mucherechedzo wakajeka wemitemo yemitero yeUkraine yekupinza kunze kwenyika; Zvakananga zvine chekuita nezvigadzirwa zvega zvinogona kuwanikwa nekutaura nezvechirongwa chepamutemo chakaburitswa neUkraine Customs Services kana kubvunza makambani ekutakura zvinhu anoshandira mitemo yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.
Export mutero mitemo
Ukraine, nyika iri kuMabvazuva kweEurope, ine mutemo wakakwana womutero wezvinhu zvayo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Iyo mitero yemitero ine chinangwa chekuona kukwikwidza kwakanaka uye kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi. Heano maitiro akakosha eUkraine yekutumira zvinhu mutero mutemo: 1. Value Added Tax (VAT): Zvizhinji zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuUkraine hazvibhadharwi kubva kuVAT. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vatengesi vekunze havafanirwe kubhadhara mutero wekushandisa pazvinhu zvavanotengesa kunze kwenyika. 2. Corporate Income Tax: Vatengesi kunze muUkraine vari pasi pemutero wakatsetseka wekambani we18%. Mari iyi inoshanda kune purofiti inowanikwa kubva mukutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika. 3. Customs Duties: Ukraine yakagadzira mitero yetsika pane zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinounzwa munyika, kusanganisira izvo zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwepamba kana maindasitiri maitiro. Zvakadaro, zvinhu zvizhinji zvinofanirwa kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kana kutumira kunze kwenyika hazviwanzo kubhadhariswa mutero wetsika. 4. Mitero Yemitero: Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakadai sedoro, fodya, uye mafuta edzimotokari zvinogona kubhadhariswa mutero wekunze zvisati zvatumirwa kunze kweUkraine. Mitero iyi inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi uye huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zviri kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. 5. Special Economic Zones (SEZ): Ukraine inopa dzakakosha nzvimbo zvoupfumi ane yakanaka mutero mamiriro ezvinhu kune vanotengesa kunze vavariro kukwidziridza mari yokune dzimwe nyika uye kuwedzera kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika makwikwi. 6. Free Trade Agreements (FTA): Sechikamu chehurongwa hwayo hwekutengeserana kwekunze, Ukraine yakapinda muzvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakasununguka nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvikwata zvenharaunda seCanada, European Union (EU), Turkey, uye munguva ichangopfuura neUnited Kingdom mushure meBrexit. nguva yekuchinja inopera muna 2020. Izvi zvinobatsira vatengesi vekunze vekuUkraine kuti vabatsirwe kubva kumitengo yakaderedzwa kana zero-mutero pavanenge vachiendesa kunze zvinhu zvavo kumisika iyi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mitemo yemitero inogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ehupfumi kana sarudzo dzehurumende dzakanangana nekukurudzira mabasa ebhizinesi mune mamwe masekete kana matunhu mukati meUkraine.
Zvitupa zvinodiwa pakutengesa kunze
Ukraine, iri kuEastern Europe, inozivikanwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzekutengesa kunze. Nyika yaita hurongwa hwakasimba hwekupa zvitupa kunze kwenyika kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye kutevedza kwezvigadzirwa zvayo. Chiremera chikuru chine mutoro wezvitupa kunze kwenyika muUkraine ndiyo State Service yeUkraine paChikafu Chengetedzo uye Consumer Dziviriro (SSUFSCP). Sangano iri rinoronga uye rinotarisa mazinga ekuchengetedza chikafu, pamwe nekupa zvitupa zvezvigadzirwa zvekurima. Nezvekurima kunze kwenyika, vagadziri veUkraine vanofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemasangano epasi rose akaenzana seInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) kana Codex Alimentarius. Aya mazinga anovhara nzvimbo dzakaita sechikafu chekuchengetedza manejimendi masisitimu, hutsanana maitiro, zvinodikanwa zvekunyora, uye kuteedzera. Kuti uwane chitupa chekutumira kunze kubva kuSSUFSCP, vanotengesa kunze vanofanirwa kupa magwaro akadzama pamusoro pechigadzirwa, maitiro ekugadzira, zvinhu zvekurongedza zvinoshandiswa, uye chero rumwe ruzivo rwakakodzera. Zvivakwa zvekambani zvinogonawo kuongororwa kuti zvionekwe kuti zvinotevedzwa nemirau yakadzikwa. Uyezve, zvikamu zvechigadzirwa zvakasarudzika zvinogona kuda zvimwe zvitupa. Semuyenzaniso: 1. Organic products: Kana uchiendesa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvakadai sezviyo kana miriwo pasi pezvinyorwa zveorganic kana zvitupa (semuenzaniso, USDA Organic), makambani ekuUkraine anofanira kusangana neEuropean Union organic mitemo. 2. Zvigadzirwa zvisina GMO: Dzimwe nyika dzinoda humbowo hwekuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hazvibvi kune genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Vagadziri vanogona kuwana chitupa cheGMO-yemahara kubva kumarabhoritari ekuyedza akazvimirira anozivikanwa nenyika dzinopinza. 3. Zvigadzirwa zvemhuka: Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika nyama kana zvigadzirwa zvemukaka kunoda kutevedzwa kweutsanana uye zvinodiwa nechiremba wemhuka zvakatangwa nevakuru venyika dzinotenga kunze. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti nyika yega yega yekwainoenda inogona kunge iine mirau yayo yekuunza kunze kwenyika uye zvinodiwa zvitupa zvezvigadzirwa zvakati. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanotengesa kunze kweUkraine vaite tsvakiridzo yakakwana pamisika inotangwa vasati vatanga kutumira. Pakazere, Ukraine inoisa kukoshesa kwakakosha kune zvitupa kunze kwenyika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvayo zvinosangana nemazinga epasi rose uye kuchengetedza mukurumbira wakanaka mumisika yepasi rose.
Recommended logistics
Ukraine, iri kuEastern Europe, inyika ine yakasimba uye inovandudza indasitiri yezvishandiso. Iine hunyanzvi hwenzvimbo nenzvimbo uye yakanyatsobatanidzwa yekufambisa network, Ukraine inopa akati wandei sarudzo dzeanoshanda uye akavimbika Logistics masevhisi. 1. Sea Freight: Ukraine kuwana zviteshi zvikuru kusanganisira Odessa, Yuzhny, uye Mariupol pamwe Black Sea pamhenderekedzo. Aya madoko anopa akanakisa ekutakura zvinhu mugungwa kune ese ekunze uye ekunze zviitiko. Vanobata zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhando dzekutakura, kusanganisira kutakura midziyo, kutakura zvinhu zvakawanda, uye Ro-Ro (roll-on/roll-off) masevhisi. 2. Rail Freight: Ukraine ine yakakura njanji network inoibatanidza nenyika dzakasiyana dzeEurope dzakadai sePoland, Slovakia, Hungary, Russia, Belarus, nedzimwe. Ukrzaliznytsia ndiyo kambani yenyika yechitima inopa yakavimbika njanji nzira dzekutakura zvinhu nemazvo munyika yose. 3. Air Freight: Nokuti nguva-sensitive kutakura kana kure-kure zvifambiso zvinodiwa, mhepo kutakura isarudzo yakanaka muUkraine. Nyika ine nhandare dzendege dzakati wandei dzakadai seBoryspil International Airport (KBP) muKyiv neOdesa International Airport (ODS) inopa masevhisi ekutakura zvinhu emhepo anobatanidza maguta makuru pasi rese. 4. Road Transport: Iyo nzira yekufambisa mugwagwa inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yezvekufambiswa kweUkraine nekuda kweiyo yakakura migwagwa network inofukidza pamusoro pe169 zviuru zvemakiromita. Makambani emarori anopa zvigadziriso zvekutakura pasuo nesuo mukati meUkraine pamwe nekuyambuka muganhu kuenda kunyika dzakavakidzana sePoland kana Romania. 5. Zvivako zvekuchengetera zvinhu: Kutsigira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvinhu mukati memiganhu yenyika kana zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichipfuura nenharaunda yeUkraine munzira kuenda kunzvimbo dzekupedzisira kune imwe nzvimbo-kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemazuva ano dzekuchengetera zvinhu dziri kuwanikwa mumaguta makuru akaita seKyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv inopa yakachengeteka yekuchengetedza mhinduro isati yagoverwa. 6. Customs Clearance Services: Paunenge uchibata nemabasa ekutengeserana epasi rose anosanganisira kutengesa kunze kwenyika kana kutengesa kubva / kuUkraine tsika yemvumo inova chinhu chinokosha. Nyika yakagadzira hurongwa hwetsika dzakadzikama nekushandiswa kwemagetsi masisitimu uye akarerutsa magwaro ekuita kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka zvichiyambuka miganhu. 7. Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Provider: Ukraine ine kukura musika wechitatu-bato Logistics sevhisi vanopa, kupa Integrated mhinduro zvinosanganisira chokufambisa, warehousing, uye kugovera mabasa. Ava vanopa 3PL vane hunyanzvi mukugadzirisa cheni dzekugovera zvine mutsindo uku vachisimudzira ruzivo rwavo uye zviwanikwa kuti vape zvakagadziridzwa zvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa. Mukupedzisa, Ukraine inopa huwandu hwakasiyana hwemabasa ekugadzirisa zvinhu anosanganisira kutakura zvinhu mugungwa, njanji kutakura, kutakura nendege, kutakura mumigwagwa, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu pamwe chete netsika yekubvisa masevhisi kuburikidza neayo madoko uye yakakura yekufambisa network. Nerutsigiro rwevane ruzivo 3PL vanopa varipo mumusika-Ukraine inozviratidza seyakanakira sarudzo kumabhizinesi ari kutsvaga akavimbika uye anoshanda ekugadzirisa zvinhu mukati meEastern Europe.
Nzira dzekusimudzira mutengi

Zviratidziro zvakakosha zvekutengeserana

Ukraine, senyika iri kuMabvazuva kweEurope, ine akasiyana akakosha epasi rose ekutenga mutengi nzira dzekusimudzira uye kuratidzwa kunoshanda semapuratifomu akakosha ebhizinesi nekutengeserana. Aya machanera uye zviratidziro zvinogonesa makambani kuratidza zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi avo, kutanga hukama nevanogona kutenga, kuongorora mikana yemusika, uye kuwedzera mashandiro avo. Heano mamwe evakakurumbira: 1. International Mutengi Program: Ukraine vanoshingaira kutora chikamu International Mutengi Program yakarongwa neU.S. Department of Commerce. Chirongwa ichi chinofambisira bhizinesi matchmaking pakati pemakambani ekuUkraine nevatengi vekuAmerica kuburikidza neakasiyana mashoo ekutengeserana akaitwa muUnited States. 2. EU-Ukraine Summit: IEuropean Union inokosha yekutengesa shamwari yeUkraine. Musangano weEU-Ukraine Summit unokurudzira kudyidzana kwehupfumi pakati pemapato maviri nekuronga zviitiko zvinounza pamwechete mabhizinesi kubva kumatunhu ese kuti vakurukure mikana yekutengeserana. 3. Ukrainian Trade Mission: Ukrainian kutengeserana misheni inorongwa nemasangano ehurumende kusimudzira kunze uye kukwezva vekunze mari kupinda upfumi Ukraine. Aya mamishini anosanganisira misangano nevanogona kutenga, mharidzo pamikana yekudyara, maforamu ebhizinesi, nezvimwe. 4.Export Promotion Offices (EPO): EPOs kushanda pasi rose kusimudzira Ukrainian zvigadzirwa kune dzimwe nyika uye kufambisa kubatana nevatengi munyika. Semuyenzaniso, iyo Export Promotion Hofisi yeUkraine inogara ichironga misangano yekunze uko mabhizinesi anogona kusangana nevanodyidzana navo. 5.Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce: The Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha kumakambani ari kutsvaga vatengesi vekutenga nyika. Vanopa zviitiko zvenetwork zvakaita semasemina, maworkshop, mutengi-mutengesi kusangana anobatanidza mabhizinesi emuno nemaketani ekupa epasirese. 6.International Trade Fairs: Ukraine mauto akati wandei anocherekedza kutengeserana fairs munyika yose gore rose mumaindasitiri akaita sekurima (AgroAnimalShow), kuvaka (InterBuildExpo), simba (Simba Engineering kuti Indasitiri), IT & michina (Lviv IT Arena), etc., Izvi mitambo inokwezva vatengi vepamba nevekunze vanotsvaga zvigadzirwa zvitsva kana kudyidzana. 7.UCRAA Fair Trade Show: UCRAA Fair Trade Show iratidziro yegore negore yakanangana nekuratidzira zvigadzirwa zveUkraine kune vatengi vepasi rese. Inounza pamwe chete vatengesi nevatengesi vanobva kunze kwenyika kubva kumaindasitiri akasiyana, ichipa chikuva chenhaurirano dzebhizinesi, zvibvumirano, uye kubatana. 8.Ukraine-Expo: Ukraine-Expo inzvimbo yepamhepo inobatanidza vagadziri veUkraine nevatengi vekunze. Inoshanda semusika chaiwo uko mabhizinesi anogona kuratidza zvinhu zvavo / masevhisi uye kuita kukurukurirana kwakananga nevanogona vatengi vekunze. 9.Ambassadorial Business Council: The Ambassadorial Business Council rweUkraine anoita sezambuko pakati vatengi vokune dzimwe nyika uye vagadziri vemo nokuronga zviitiko zvinokurudzira zvokutengeserana ukama. Izvi zviitiko zvinosanganisira mutengi-mutengesi misangano, indasitiri-yakananga makonferensi, uye networking maseji. 10.International Economic Forums: Ukraine inobata maforamu ehupfumi epasi rose seKyiv International Economic Forum (KIEF) uye Yalta European Strategy (YES) Summit. Aya mapuratifomu anounza pamwechete vanogadzira mitemo, vatungamiriri vebhizinesi, nyanzvi dzechikamu, uye vanoisa mari kubva pasirese kuti vakurukure tarisiro yekusimudzira hupfumi muUkraine. Aya machani uye zviratidziro zvinobatsira zvakanyanya mukusiyana kwemusika weUkraine wekutengesa kunze nekukwezva vepasi rose vanotenga zvinhu muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Vanoshanda senzira dzekusimudzira hukama hwekutengeserana pakati penyika uye vachipawo mikana kumabhizinesi eUkraine kuti awane misika yepasi rose.
Kune akati wandei akakurumbira ekutsvaga injini muUkraine ayo anowanzoshandiswa nevagari vayo. Heano mashoma acho: 1. Google Ukraine (www.google.com.ua): Google ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kutsvaga injini pasi rose, uyewo muUkraine. Inopa huwandu hwemasevhisi uye mhinduro dzekutsvaga dzakagadzirirwa kuUkraine vashandisi veinternet. 2. Yandex (www.yandex.ua): Yandex ikambani yeRussian multinational technology company inoshandisa imwe yeinjini huru dzekutsvaga muRussia nedzimwe nyika dzeEastern Europe, kusanganisira Ukraine. 3. Meta.ua (www.meta.ua): Meta.ua iUkrainian web portal inosanganisira injini yekutsvaga. Inopa mapoka akasiyana-siyana ekutsvaga ruzivo, senge nhau, mamiriro ekunze, mepu, nezvimwe. 4. Rambler (nova.rambler.ru): Rambler imwe injini yekutsvaga yemutauro weRussia inoshandira vashandisi muUkraine pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika dzinotaura chiRussia. 5. ukr.net (search.ukr.net): Ukr.net inzvimbo yekuUkraine yepadandemutande inopa masevhisi eemail pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senhau, mamiriro ekunze, uye injini yekutsvaga yakabatanidzwa kuti vashandisi vawane ruzivo painternet. 6. Bing Ukraine (www.bing.com/?cc=ua): Bing zvakare ine vhezheni yemuno chaiyo yevashandisi vekuUkraine kwavanogona kutsvaga nekuwana mamwe masevhisi eMicrosoft akadai seemail nenhau. Dzimwe injini dzekutsvaga dzinozivikanwa pasi rose dzakaita seYahoo dzine mabhesi evashandisi madiki muUkraine zvichienzaniswa neataurwa pamusoro asi achiri kuwanikwa nevaUkraine vanovada kupfuura vakwikwidzi veko. Rangarira kugara uchingwarira paunenge uchitsvaga pane chero webhusaiti kana chikuva chausina kujaira uye rangarira nezve cybersecurity yakanakisa maitiro kana uchitsvaga online masosi kubva chero nyika kana dunhu.

Mapeji makuru eyero

MuUkraine, kune akati wandei akakosha mapeji eyero anogona kupa ruzivo rwakakura nezve akasiyana mabhizinesi nemasevhisi. Heano mamwe makuru eyero peji madhairekitori munyika pamwe nemawebhusaiti avo: 1. Yellow Pages Ukraine - Iri dhairekitori repamhepo rinopa rondedzero yakazara yebhizinesi mumaindasitiri akasiyana muUkraine. Iyo webhusaiti inopa chinhu chekutsvaga kutsvaga makambani chaiwo, ruzivo rwavo rwekufonera, uye webhusaiti ruzivo. Webhusaiti: https://www.yellowpages.ua/en 2. Ukrainian Exporters Database - Iyi papuratifomu inotarisa kusimudzira Ukrainian kunze kwenyika uye inopa dhatabhesi yevanotengesa kunze muzvikamu zvakasiyana sekurima, michina, makemikari, machira, nezvimwe. Inosanganisira profiles yekambani ine ruzivo rwekufonera. Webhusaiti: http://ukrexport.gov.ua/en/ 3. All-Ukrainian Internet Association (AUIA) Business Directory - AUIA ndomumwe aitungamirira internet mubatanidzwa muUkraine uye inopa bhizimisi dhairekitori featuring makambani kubva siyana kumatunhu mhiri akawanda maindasitiri. Iyo dhairekitori inosanganisira yakadzama profiles yekambani ine ruzivo rwakakosha nezvezvigadzirwa zvesangano rega rega kana masevhisi anopihwa. Webhusaiti: http://directory.auiab.org/ 4. iBaza.com.ua - Iri bhuku rebhizimusi repamhepo rinobata zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira vagadziri, vatengesi, vanopa masevhisi, vatengesi vezvitoro, vatengesi uye nezvimwe mumatunhu ese eUkraine. Vashandisi vanogona kutsvaga makambani chaiwo vachishandisa mazwi akakosha kana kutarisa mumapoka akasiyana kuti vawane mabhizinesi akakodzera. Webhusaiti: https://ibaza.com.ua/en/ 5. UkRCatalog.com - Iri dhairekitori rinonyora makambani anoshanda muUkraine kune akasiyana maindasitiri akadai sevanopa zvinhu zvekuvaka, vanopa mabasa emutemo. nzvimbo dzekurapa etc.Inoisa akadzama profiles ekambani kusanganisira nzvimbo yavo pagoogle mepu kuitira nyore kufamba. Webhusaiti:http://www.ukrcatalog.com Aya mapeji eyero madhairekitori anopa zviwanikwa zvakakosha kubatsira vanhu uye mabhizinesi kuwana ruzivo nezve zvigadzirwa, masevhisi, uye masangano avangave vachitsvaga mukati memusika weUkraine. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mamwe mawebhusaiti anogona kunge aine mamwe manyorero-akavakirwa sarudzo dzekuwana yakawedzera data kana maficha epamberi kupfuura ekutanga zvinyorwa. Zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kuratidza huchokwadi uye kuvimbika kwemabhizinesi kuburikidza nekumwe tsvagiridzo usati waita chero kutengeserana.

Nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana

Ukraine inyika iri muEastern Europe ine musika uri kukura e-commerce. Heano mamwe makuru e-commerce mapuratifomu muUkraine, pamwe nemawebhusaiti avo: 1. Prom.ua: Prom.ua ndeimwe yemapuratifomu makuru e-commerce muUkraine, ichipa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa kubva mumhando dzakasiyana semagetsi, fashoni, midziyo yemumba, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: https://prom.ua/ 2. Rozetka.com.ua: Rozetka ndechimwe musika wepamhepo wakakurumbira unoshanda mumagetsi nemidziyo yemumba. Inosanganisirawo zvigadzirwa kubva kune mamwe mapoka senge fashoni, runako, midziyo yemitambo, nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: https://rozetka.com.ua/ 3. Citrus.ua: Citrus mutengesi wepamhepo akasimbiswa anotarisa pazvinhu zvemagetsi zvevatengi zvinosanganisira mafoni, malaptop, makamera, maTV, nezvimwe. Ivo zvakare vanopa masevhisi ekutakura muUkraine yese. Webhusaiti: https://www.citrus.ua/ 4 . Allo : Allo inotungamira yekuUkraine e-commerce chikuva inonyanya hunyanzvi hwenharembozha pamwe chete nezvimwe zvemagetsi gadget nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: http://allo.com/ua 5 . Foxtrot : Foxtrot inonyanya kutarisa nezvekutengesa zvemagetsi zvakaita semakombuta & accessories, laptops, mitambo yekutamba , midziyo yemumba nezvimwe. Sezvimwe misika ye ecommerce inopa zvinhu zvekuuya kumba munyika yese. Webhusaiti: https://www.bt.rozetka.com.ru/ 6 . Bigl.ua: Bigl (Biglion) inoshanda semusika wepamhepo ichipa zvibvumirano zvakaderedzwa pazvinhu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira asi zvisingagumire kumagetsi, zvipfeko, zvigadzirwa zvehutano nezvimwe. Webhusaiti: https://bigl.ua/ Ndokumbira utarise kuti runyorwa urwu runosanganisira mamwe ane mukurumbira e-commerce mapuratifomu muUkraine; zvisinei panogona kunge paine vamwe zvakare zvichienderana nechaiyo chigadzirwa zvikamu kana niche misika mukati menyika yacho yese digitaalinen commerce scene.Kusarudza kune idzi dzakakurumbira kuchawedzera zvakanyanya mikana yako yekuwana zvauri kutsvaga paunenge uchitenga online muUkraine.

Nzvimbo huru dzesocial media

Ukraine inyika iri kuEastern Europe, uye semamwe marudzi mazhinji, ine yayo yakakurumbira social media mapuratifomu. Heano mamwe emawebhusaiti ane mukurumbira pasocial network anoshandiswa muUkraine: 1. VKontakte (https://vk.com/): Inozivikanwa se "Russian Facebook," VKontakte inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kwete muUkraine chete asiwo kune dzimwe nyika dzinotaura chiRussian. Vashandisi vanogona kugadzira maprofile, kugovana zvigadziriso, kujoinha mapoka, uye kubatana neshamwari. 2. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/): Seimwe yeanotungamira pasi rose social media mapuratifomu, Facebook ine huvepo hwakasimba muUkraine. Inobvumira vashandisi kuti vabatane neshamwari uye nemhuri, kugadzira mapeji nemapoka ekufarira, uye kugovera multimedia zvemukati. 3. Odnoklassniki (https://ok.ru/): Odnoklassniki inoturikira ku”Classmates” muchiRungu uye inozivikanwa pakati pevashandisi vekuUkraine vanobatanazve nevaunodzidza navo kana vaunodzidza navo kuchikoro. Iyo webhusaiti inopa maitiro akafanana neanowanikwa paVKontakte. 4. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/): A photo-kugoverana chikuva chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose, Instagram yakawana mukurumbira wakakosha muUkraine zvakare. Vashandisi vanogona kutumira mafoto nemavhidhiyo pane yavo mbiri kana nyaya vachitevera vamwe kukurudzira kana varaidzo. 5. Teregiramu (https://telegram.org/): Teregiramu igore-yakavakirwa mameseji app inopa nzira dzakachengeteka dzekukurukurirana kuburikidza nemameseji akavharidzirwa uye mafoni ezwi. Yakawana mukurumbira nekuda kwekuvanzika kwayo pamwe nematanho akawanda eruzhinji ezvido zvakasiyana. 6.Viber ( https://www.viber.com/en/): Viber ishoko rekushandisa rinobvumira vashandisi kutumira mameseji zvakachengeteka painternet yekubatanidza vachishandisa encrypted yekutaurirana matekinoroji akadai sekupedzisa-ku-kumagumo encryption yehurukuro dzepachivande pamwe chete. nemavhidhiyo ekufona sarudzo 7.TikTok( https://www.tiktok.com/en/) : TikTok yave kuwedzera mukurumbira pakati pevachiri kuyaruka vekuUkraine mukugovana mavhidhiyo mapfupi pamwe nematambudziko ekutamba, nziyo, mafirimu nezvimwe. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mapuratifomu aya haashandiswe chete muUkraine uye ane madhigirii akasiyana ekuzivikanwa pakati pemapoka emazera akasiyana uye matunhu mukati menyika.

Masangano makuru eindasitiri

Ukraine, senyika ichiri kusimukira, ine masangano akati wandei ane mukurumbira maindasitiri anoita basa rakakosha mukumiririra nekutsigira zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi. Heano mamwe eUkraine makuru eindasitiri mubatanidzwa pamwe nemawebhusaiti URLs: 1. Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (UNCCI) - Yakatangwa muna 1963, UNCCI isangano rine simba rinokurudzira kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda uye kubudirira kwehupfumi muUkraine. Ivo vanopa masevhisi ekutsigira kumabhizinesi, kuronga mishoni dzekutengeserana, uye kufambisa kudyidzana. Webhusaiti: https://uccii.org/en/ 2. Ukrainian Association of Real Estate Nyanzvi (UARS) - UARS ndiyo inotungamira sangano rezvivakwa nyanzvi muUkraine. Ivo vanotarisa mukusimudzira maitiro ebhizinesi ehutsika, kuvandudza hunyanzvi, uye mikana yekubatanidza mukati meiyo real estate sector. Webhusaiti: http://ua.rs.ua/en/ 3. American Chamber of Commerce muUkraine (AmCham) - AmCham inomiririra makambani maviri eAmerica anoshanda muUkraine uye mabhizimisi emunharaunda ane hukama neUnited States. Inoshanda kuvandudza mamiriro ekudyara, kusimudzira marongero emakwikwi akanaka, uye kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi. Webhusaiti: https://www.chamber.ua/en/ 4. Ukrainian Agribusiness Club (UCAB) - UCAB anounza pamwe makuru ezvekurima makambani ari kushanda muUkraine kusimudzira inoenderera kurima maitiro uye kumiririra zvido mukati indasitiri munyika uye munyika. Peji yekumba: https://ucab.ua/en 5.Ukrainian Association of Furniture Manufacturers(UAMF)- UAMF inotarisa kusimudzira fenicha yekugadzira fenicha nekuita tsvakurudzo dzemusika & zviitiko zvinowedzera mikana yekutengesera kunze kune nhengo dzayo. Webhusaiti: http://www.uamf.com.ua/eng.html

Bhizinesi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti

Kune akati wandei ehupfumi nekutengeserana mawebhusaiti eUkraine. Heano mashoma acho pamwe nemawebhusaiti URLs: 1. Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture: Iyi ndiyo webhusaiti yepamutemo yeUkrainian hurumende yehurumende inoona nezvekusimudzira hupfumi, kutengeserana, uye kurima. Webhusaiti: https://www.me.gov.ua/ 2. State Fiscal Service yeUkraine: The State Fiscal Service ndiye ane basa remutero uye tsika nyaya muUkraine. Webhusaiti: https://sfs.gov.ua/en/ 3. Export Promotion Hofisi yeUkraine: Sangano iri rine chinangwa chekusimudzira kutengeswa kweUkraine kune dzimwe nyika. Webhusaiti: https://epo.org.ua/en/home 4. Investment Promotion Office "UkraineInvest": Hofisi iyi inobatsira kukwezva vatorwa zvakananga inivhesitimendi muUkraine nokupa ruzivo pamusoro mari mikana muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Webhusaiti: https://ukraineinvest.com/ 5. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine (CCIU): The CCIU isangano risiri rehurumende rinotsigira mabasa ebhizimisi kuburikidza nemabasa akaita sebhizimisi matchmaking, ekisipoti kusimudzirwa, uye arbitration rutsigiro. Webhusaiti: http://ucci.org.ua/?lang=en 6. Exporters Association of Ukraine (EAU): EAU isangano rinomiririra zvido zvevaUkrainian vanotengesa kunze kwenyika muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Webhusaiti: http://www.apu.com.ua/eng/ Aya mawebhusaiti anogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve akasiyana zvinhu zvine chekuita nehupfumi uye kutengeserana muUkraine senge marongero, mirau, mikana yekudyara, maitiro emitero, nzira dzekusimudzira kunze kwenyika, bhizinesi matchmaking masevhisi, akakosha maitirwo nezvimwe. Ndokumbira utarise kuti zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kuongorora ruzivo kubva kwakawanda kwakawanda kana kubata masangano akateerana zvakananga usati waita chero sarudzo dzebhizinesi kana kuvimba chete nekwakapihwa. Ndinovimba izvi zvinobatsira!

Trade data query mawebhusaiti

Ukraine ine akati wandei kutengeserana data query mawebhusaiti anopa ruzivo nezve ayo ekunze kutengeserana zviitiko. Heano mamwe eakakurumbira kutengeserana data query mawebhusaiti muUkraine pamwe neavo maURL: 1. State Statistics Service yeUkraine (SSSU): Webhusaiti yepamutemo yeSSSU inopa huwandu hwakakwana uye data ine chekuita nekutengeserana kwenyika, kusanganisira kunze kwenyika, kunze kwenyika, uye chiyero chekubhadhara. Unogona kuwana chikamu cheTrade pawebhusaiti yavo pa: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2008/zd/index_e.php 2. Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (UCCI): UCCI's online platform inopa maturusi akasiyana-siyana ekutsvaga mashoko anechekuita nekutengeserana, kusanganisira nhamba dzeimport-export nenyika, zvinhu kana HS code classification. Shanyira yavo Trade Statistics peji pa: https://ucci.org.ua/en/statistics/ 3. Bazi Rekusimudzira Upfumi, Kutengeserana Nekurima: Webhusaiti yebazi rehurumende iri ine chikamu chakatsaurirwa chezviitwa zveupfumi kune dzimwe nyika kwaunogona kuwana huwandu hwehuwandu hwekutengeserana nenyika kana mapoka ezvigadzirwa. Svika yavo yekunze Economic Chiitiko Chekuita Statistics peji pano: https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=en-GB&tag=Statistyka-zovnishnoekonomichnoi-diialnosti 4. International Trade Portal Ukraine: Iyi yepamhepo portal inopa ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pemikana yekutengeserana yepasi rose muUkraine pamwe nekuwana kune akakodzera dhatabhesi ane manhamba data pane kunze kwenyika, kunze, tariffs, etc. Unogona kuongorora yavo Trade Data chikamu pa: https:/ /itu.com.ua/en/data-trade-ua-en/ 5. Index Mundi - Ukraine Exports By Nyika: Kunyange zvazvo isina kutsaurirwa zvakananga kune zvekutengeserana mibvunzo muUkraine chete, Index Mundi inopa muchidimbu maonero eUkraine makuru ekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye zvikamu zvezvigadzirwa. Tarisa peji apa: https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/ukraine/export-partners Ndokumbira utarise kuti mawebhusaiti aya angangoda kumwe kuongorora kuti ufambe nemuzvikamu zvine chekuita nezvaunoda kutsvaga kutsvaga.

B2b mapuratifomu

Ukraine inyika iri muEastern Europe. Iyo ine bhizimusi-kune-bhizinesi (B2B) chikamu chine akati wandei mapuratifomu anobatanidza mabhizinesi uye kufambisa kutengeserana. Heano mamwe eB2B mapuratifomu muUkraine pamwe nemawebhusaiti avo: 1. Export Ukraine (https://export-ukraine.com/): Iyi papuratifomu inosimudzira Ukrainian zvinhu uye mabasa kumisika yepasi rose, kubatanidza Ukrainian vanotengesa kunze nevatengi vekunze. 2. Biz.UA (https://biz.ua/): Biz.UA inzvimbo yemusika yeB2B inobvumira mabhizimisi kuratidza zvigadzirwa zvavo, kubatana nevanogona kudyidzana navo, uye kuwedzera manetwork avo. 3. Ukraine Business Directory (https://www.ukrainebusinessdirectory.com/): Iri dhairekitori repamhepo rinobatsira vashandisi kuwana makambani akasiyana eUkraine mumaindasitiri akasiyana, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kumisa hukama hwebhizinesi. 4. E-Biznes.com.ua (http://e-biznes.com.ua/): E-Biznes inzvimbo yekutengesa yepamhepo apo mabhizimisi anogona kutenga nekutengesa zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi mukati memusika weUkraine. 5. BusinessCatalog.ua (https://businesscatalog.ua/): BusinessCatalog inopa yakazara bhizinesi dhairekitori remakambani muUkraine, achibvumira vashandisi kutsvaga mamwe masevhisi kana maindasitiri. 6. Prozorro Marketplace (https://prozorro.market/en/): Prozorro Marketplace ipuratifomu yekutenga zvinhu neruzhinji inoshandiswa nemasangano ehurumende pamwe nemasangano akazvimirira ega pakutenga zvinhu nemasevhisi kubva kune vatengesi vakanyoreswa pachikuva. 7. Allbiz (https://ua.all.biz/en/): Allbiz inzvimbo yepamusika yeB2B yepasi rose iyo inosanganisira mabhizimisi ekuUkraine pakati pezvinyorwa zvayo, zvinopa mukana kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sekugadzira, kurima, kuvaka, nezvimwe. 8. TradeKey Ukraine (http://ua.tradekey.com/): TradeKey inzvimbo yemusika yeB2B yepasi rese umo vashandisi vanogona kuwana vatengesi kubva pasirese, kusanganisira avo vanogara kuUkraine. Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma yemapuratifomu eB2B anowanikwa muUkraine. Aya mapuratifomu anopa nzira yekuti mabhizinesi abatanidze, kutengeserana, uye kuwedzera network yavo, zvichizopa mukukura kwehupfumi hweUkraine.
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