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I-Ukraine, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Ukraine, iyizwe elizimele eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Yizwe lesibili ngobukhulu eYurophu ngemuva kweRussia. Ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angu-603,628, i-Ukraine yabelana ngemingcele yayo namazwe ayisikhombisa ahlanganisa iBelarus, iPoland, iSlovakia, iHungary, iRomania, iMoldova neRussia. Njengoba inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-44, i-Ukraine yaziwa ngamagugu ayo ahlukahlukene namaqembu ezizwe. Ulimi olusemthethweni isi-Ukraine; nokho, isiRashiya nezinye izilimi ezincane nazo zikhulunywa izingxenye ezibalulekile zabantu. I-Kiev isebenza njengenhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Ukraine. Kuyisikhungo sezimboni esibalulekile futhi sinomlando obalulekile ngenxa yezimangaliso zezakhiwo ezifana neSaint Sophia Cathedral kanye nesigodlo sezindela saseKyiv Pechersk Lavra. I-Ukraine inomnotho oxubile ohlanganisa ezolimo, izimboni zokukhiqiza ezifana nokukhiqiza insimbi kanye nemikhakha yokukhiqiza izimoto. Izwe linemihlaba emikhulu yezolimo okulenza libe ngelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili ngokuthumela okusanhlamvu kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwengeza, inezinsiza zemvelo ezibalulekile njengezinqolobane zamalahle ezinegalelo emkhakheni wayo wamandla. Umlando ocebile nesiko lase-Ukraine ungafakazelwa ngamamnyuziyamu amaningi abonisa izinto zobuciko kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuya ekufakweni kobuciko besimanje. Ubuciko besintu obunjengokufekethiswa nomdanso wendabuko nakho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lase-Ukraine. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje i-Ukraine ibhekane nezinxushunxushu zezombangazwe ngenxa yezingxabano neRussia ezifundeni ezifana neCrimea ngo-2014; lolu daba alukaxazululwa kuze kube namuhla. I-Ukraine igcina ubudlelwano nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe njengeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-UN), i-World Trade Organization (WTO), i-European Union (EU) kanye nokuba nobudlelwano namazwe angomakhelwane ngezinhlelo zokubambisana zesifunda. Sengiphetha i-Ukarine iyisizwe esinempilo esihlanganisa izindawo ezinhle kusukela ogwini olumangalisayo oLwandle Olumnyama kuya ezintabeni ezinhle zaseCarpathian. Nakuba izinselelo ziqhubeka kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho kodwa abantu base-Ukraine bayaqhubeka nemizamo yabo ebheke entuthukweni ngenkathi behlonipha amagugu abo acebile.

I-Ukraine, izwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu, linohlobo lwemali lwalo olwaziwa ngokuthi i-Ukraine hryvnia (UAH). I-hryvnia yethulwa ngo-1996 njengemali esemthethweni yase-Ukraine ngemva kokuhlakazwa kweSoviet Union. I-hryvnia ihlukaniswe ngama-kopiykas ayi-100. Iza ngamahlelo amaningana okuhlanganisa ama-banknotes ka-1, 2, 5,10, 20,50,100 kanye nezinhlamvu zemali ze-1,2 ,5 nama-kopiykas. Izinga lokushintshisana kwe-hryvnia yase-Ukraine liyahlukahluka uma liqhathaniswa nezimali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yokuntengantenga komnotho kanye nezici ze-geopolitical ezifana nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe noma ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe namazwe angomakhelwane njengeRussia; izinga lokushintshisana lingase lishintshe kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukushintshanisa imali noma ukuthola ama-hryvnia ase-Ukrainian ngenkathi uvakashele e-Ukraine noma uqhuba ukuthengiselana kwebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwezwe kungenziwa ngamabhange agunyaziwe noma amahhovisi okushintshanisa imali anelayisensi (aziwa ngokuthi "i-obmin valiuty" ngesi-Ukrainian). Kuyatuseka ukuthi izivakashi zisebenzise iziteshi ezisemthethweni zokushintshanisa imali ukuze zigweme imikhonyovu noma amanothi omgunyathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amakhadi esikweletu aqashelwa umhlaba wonke angasetshenziswa kuma-ATM kulo lonke elase-Ukraine emisebenzini yokukhipha imali. Sekukonke, i-hryvnia yase-Ukraine isebenza njengendlela yokukhokha kwezimpahla namasevisi ngaphakathi kwe-Ukraine. Nakuba ingase ibe nokuguquguquka ngenxa yezimo zomnotho kanye nezehlakalo zezwe, isalokhu iyingxenye yesistimu yezezimali yase-Ukraine.

Imali esemthethweni yase-Ukraine yi-hryvnia yase-Ukraine (UAH). Ngokuqondene nezinga lokushintshisana ngezinhlobo zemali zomhlaba ezinkulu, nawa amanani okulinganisa (kungashintsha): 1 USD (iDola lase-United States) = 27 UAH 1 EUR (Euro) = 32 UAH 1 GBP (Ipondo laseBrithani) = 36 UAH 1 CAD (iDola laseCanada) = 22 UAH Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso ziyalinganiselwa futhi zingahluka.

I-Ukraine, izwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu, igubha amaholide kazwelonke amaningi abalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi igxile kakhulu emlandweni ocebile wezwe, amasiko, namasiko. Omunye wemicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu uSuku Lokuzimela ngo-Agasti 24. Leli holide likhumbula isimemezelo se-Ukraine sokukhululeka ku-Soviet Union ngo-1991. Lolu suku lugujwa ngemikhosi ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa ama-parade, amakhonsathi, iziqhumane, nemibukiso yamasiko. Omunye umgubho obalulekile wuSuku Lomthethosisekelo, olugujwa ngoJuni 28. Leli holide lihlonipha ukwamukelwa komthethosisekelo wase-Ukraine ngo-1996. Abantu base-Ukraine babamba iqhaza emikhosini yomphakathi nemisebenzi ekhuthaza ukuqwashisa ngamalungelo abo omthethosisekelo kanye nezibopho zabo njengezakhamuzi. I-Easter isewumkhosi wenkolo obalulekile kubantu base-Ukraine abasonta kakhulu eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox Lase-Ukraine. Lesi senzakalo asinalo usuku olumisiwe kodwa ngokuvamile singena phakathi kuka-March no-April ngokulandela ikhalenda likaJulius. Abantu babamba iqhaza ezinkonzweni zesonto, bahlanganyele emidwebeni yendabuko yamaqanda e-Easter eyaziwa ngokuthi "pysanka," futhi bazitike ngamadili amnandi nemindeni nabangane. Usuku lwe-Vyshyvanka lunokubaluleka okukhethekile kubantu base-Ukrainian njengoba bebungaza izingubo zabo ezifekethisiwe ezibizwa ngokuthi i-vyshyvanka. Kubhekwe minyaka yonke ngoLwesine wesithathu kaMeyi kusukela ngo-2006, lolu suku lukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bagqoke ama-vyshyvankas ukuze babonise ukuziqhenya kwezwe labo kanye namagugu. Ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi (ngoJanuwari 7 ngokusekelwe ekhalendeni likaJulius), abantu base-Ukraine bagubha kokubili amasiko amaKatolika nama-Orthodox ngezinkonzo zenkolo ezaziwa ngokuthi "Praznyk." I-Caroling yendlu ngendlu iletha imiphakathi ndawonye ngenkathi ijabulela ukudla kwesintu okufana ne-kutia (uphudingi olusanhlamvu olumnandi) noma i-borscht (isobho lebhithi). Lezi ezinye nje zezibonelo zamaholide ase-Ukraine akhumbulekayo abonisa umlando wayo ocebile, ukuhlukahluka kwefa lamasiko kuzo zonke izifunda ngaphakathi kwe-Ukraine ngokwayo okuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi base-Ukraine.

I-Ukraine yizwe elitholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu futhi linomnotho ohlukahlukene ogxile kwezolimo, izimboni, kanye nezinsizakalo. Isimo sohwebo sakuleli sike sabhekana nezinselelo eminyakeni edlule kodwa sibuye siveze namathuba. Imikhiqizo emikhulu yase-Ukraine ihlanganisa imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nokusanhlamvu, amafutha kabhekilanga, imifino, izithelo nenyama. Izwe laziwa ngokuthi "i-breadbasket of Europe" ngenxa yezindawo zalo ezivundile kanye namandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ezolimo. Lokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunomthelela omkhulu ebhalansi yezohwebo yase-Ukraine. Ngaphezu kwezolimo, i-Ukraine iphinde ithumele imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezimboni kuhlanganise nemishini nemishini, izinsimbi nemikhiqizo yensimbi (insimbi, insimbi), amakhemikhali (umanyolo), izindwangu, nezingubo. Izimboni zase-Ukraine zidlale indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezwe wokuthekelisa. I-Ukraine ithembele kakhulu ekuhwebeni namanye amazwe ukuze kukhule umnotho. Abalingani bayo abakhulu bezohwebo yi-European Union (EU), iRussia, iChina, iTurkey, i-India, i-Egypt phakathi kwamanye. Ukuhwebelana ne-EU kwenyukile kusukela ekuqalisweni kwesivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala ngo-2016. Lesi sivumelwano sasusa imigoqo yentela phakathi kwe-Ukraine namazwe angamalungu e-EU okuholele ekwandiseni ukufinyelela ezimakethe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izingxabano zezombangazwe neRussia ziye zaba nomthelela ekuhwebeni kwe-Ukraine. Ukulandela ukuthathwa kweRussia iCrimea ngo-2014 kanye nezingxabano eMpumalanga ye-Ukraine kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwaphazamisa ubudlelwano obujwayelekile bezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe womabili obunomthelela omubi kwezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabili. Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula komnotho okusimeme imikhakha enqamulayo njengokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda noma amaphrojekthi kagesi avuselelekayo sekuphenduke izindawo ezithakaselwayo zokuthuthukisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Sekukonke naphezu kobunzima obuthile umnotho wase-Ukraine muva nje kube nenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano bayo bokuhweba ezifundeni ezithuthukisa amathuba amasha afaka isandla ekuhlanganisweni okwengeziwe nezimakethe zomhlaba.

I-Ukraine, etholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Izwe linezinhlobonhlobo zezinsiza zemvelo, abasebenzi abanamakhono, kanye nokuma kwezindawo okunamasu. Enye yamandla abalulekile e-Ukraine umkhakha wayo wezolimo. Izwe linomhlaba omkhulu ovundile ofanele ukulinywa futhi ngokomlando belaziwa ngokuthi "ubhasikidi wesinkwa waseYurophu." I-Ukraine ingenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu nabathumela ngaphandle kokusanhlamvu kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa ukolweni nommbila. Lokhu kuveza amathuba amakhulu obudlelwano bohwebo bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokudla emhlabeni wonke. Ukwengeza, i-Ukraine inemithombo yamaminerali ecebile njenge-iron ore, amalahle, negesi yemvelo. Lezi zinsiza zisekela imboni yezwe yokusansimbi, okuyenza ibe ngenye yabakhiqizi bensimbi abahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke. Umkhakha onjalo ochumayo wenza i-Ukraine ikwazi ukuzibandakanya ezivumelwaneni zohwebo lomhlaba wonke futhi ihlinzeke ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ukraine inabantu abafundile kakhulu abanamakhono aqinile ezobuchwepheshe ezimbonini ezifana nezinsizakalo ze-IT kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-aerospace. Izwe liphinde lihlomule ngezindleko zabasebenzi ezithengekayo uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile. Lezi zici ziheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe ezifuna izinsiza zokukhishwa kwemisebenzi noma ukusungula izindawo zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ekahle ye-Ukraine ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia inikeza imizila yezokuthutha enenzuzo yokwenza uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Isebenza njengesango phakathi kwezimakethe ze-EU namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi njenge-China ne-Kazakhstan ngamanethiwekhi kaloliwe athuthukiswe kahle. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu okunamandla, izinselele ezimbalwa zidinga ukubhekwana nazo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo imakethe yangaphandle e-Ukraine. Ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe kusaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ekuboneni isimo sebhizinisi kubatshalizimali kuyilapho inkohlakalo ibeka izithiyo ekuqhudelaneni ngendlela efanele. Ukuthuthukisa lezi zinto kuzobaluleka kakhulu ekuheheni ukugeleza kokutshalwa kwezimali ezweni. Sengiphetha, i-Ukraine inamandla amakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle ngenxa yamandla ayo ezolimo njengomthumeli wokusanhlamvu kanye nezinsiza zemvelo ezihlukahlukene ezisekela izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-metallurgy. Ukwengeza, abasebenzi abafundise kahle abanamakhono ezinsiza ze-IT bahlinzeka ngamathuba okusebenzisana kwangaphandle kuyilapho inzuzo yendawo ithuthukisa imizila yezokuthutha exhuma izifunda ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Naphezu kwezinselelo ezifana nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nenkohlakalo ukukhathazeka okufanele kubhekwane ngaso sonke isikhathi ngcono isimo sebhizinisi kuzokwenza lula ukukhula uhwebo lwangaphandle Ukraine ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Ukraine, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zezwe kanye nezimfuno zabathengi. Njengomnotho oguquguqukayo nokhula, i-Ukraine inikezela ngamathuba amaningi kumabhizinisi afuna ukwandisa ubukhona bawo kule makethe. Okokuqala, imikhiqizo yezolimo ifunwa kakhulu e-Ukraine ngenxa yenhlabathi yayo ecebile nesimo sezulu esihle. Okusanhlamvu okunjengokolweni, ummbila, nebhali zidingeka kakhulu ekhaya nasezizweni ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukwengeza, izithelo (ama-apula, amajikijolo) nemifino (amazambane, u-anyanisi) kuyisisekelo sokudla kwase-Ukraine. Okwesibili, uma kubhekwa isizinda sezimboni zase-Ukraine kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono, imishini nemishini nakho kuyimpahla ethandwayo evela kwamanye amazwe. Imishini ehlobene nezolimo (ogandaganda, abavuni), ukwakhiwa (abavubukuli), ukukhiqizwa kwamandla (amajeneretha), kanye nemishini yezokwelapha ingaqondiswa ukuze ithengiswe. Okwesithathu, izimpahla zabathengi ezifana nezinto zikagesi (ama-smartphone nezinsiza), izinto zikagesi zasendlini (iziqandisi nama-TV), izingubo nezicathulo zinesidingo esibalulekile kubantu base-Ukraine abafuna imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ngamanani athengekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo ehlobene namandla avuselelekayo inamandla amakhulu ngenxa yokuzibophezela kwe-Ukraine ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Amaphaneli elanga/ama-turbines omoya/izinto zikagesi ezonga amandla zingaba izinketho ezikhangayo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwanda kwezimo zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke eminyakeni yamuva - i-e-commerce nayo iyanda. Ngakho ukunikeza izinto ezikhangayo njengezimonyo/imikhiqizo yobuhle/izithako zezempilo ku-inthanethi kungase kungene kule ngxenye yabathengi abakhetha ukuzizwisa kokuthenga okulula. Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukukhomba lezi zigaba zemikhiqizo engaba khona kodwa futhi uqonde imithetho yendawo mayelana nezindinganiso zokungenisa noma izimfuneko zomthetho ezihlobene nokuthengisa izimpahla ezithile emakethe yase-Ukraine. Sengiphetha: Imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nezinhlamvu nezithelo; imishini & imishini; izimpahla ezithengwayo ezifana nezinto zikagesi nezasendlini; izinto ezihlobene namandla avuselelekayo; Iminikelo ye-e-commerce ehlanganisa izimonyo/imikhiqizo yobuhle konke kuletha izinketho ezithembisayo lapho kukhethwa imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Ukraine. Noma kunjalo - ucwaningo lwangaphambili mayelana nemithethonqubo/imithetho nalo lubalulekile.

I-Ukraine, etholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu, inezici zamakhasimende ezihlukile kanye nemikhuba yamasiko. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni ngempumelelo kwezamabhizinisi ezweni. Izici Zekhasimende: 1. Okugxile ebudlelwaneni: Abantu base-Ukraine bayabazisa ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kanye nokwethembana lapho beqhuba ibhizinisi. Ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqinile obusekelwe ekuhloniphaneni kubalulekile. 2. Inhlonipho nokungenisa izihambi: Amakhasimende ase-Ukraine ayakwazisa ukuziphatha okunesizotha, njengokubingelela ngokuxhawula ngokuqinile nokusebenzisa iziqu ezisemthethweni (isb., Mnu./Ms./Dr.) kuze kube yilapho ecelwa ukuba asebenzise amagama okuqala. 3. Abaqapheli ukubaluleka: Abantu base-Ukrainian bangamakhasimende azwela amanani avame ukuqhathanisa izintengo ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokuthenga. 4. Ukuhlonipha amasiko: Amakhasimende ase-Ukraine ngokuvamile ayawazisa amasiko awo kanye namasiko endabuko, angathonya izinto azithandayo zokuthenga. 5. Ukuvumelana nezimo kwesikhathi: Abantu base-Ukraine bangase babe nesimo sengqondo esikhululekile mayelana nokugcina isikhathi futhi bangase banganamatheli ngokuqinile kumashejuli noma izinsuku eziwumnqamulajuqu. I-Cultural Taboos: 1. Ukugxeka i-Ukraine noma isiko layo: Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuphawula ngendelelo ngezwe noma amasiko alo kuyilapho uxhumana namakhasimende ase-Ukraine. 2. Ukungahloniphi izinkolelo zenkolo: I-Ukraine inemikhuba yenkolo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nobuKristu Bobu-Orthodox obudlangile. Ukubonisa ukungahloniphi izinkolelo zenkolo kungadala ukungezwani noma kucasule amakhasimende. 3. Ukuziba imikhonzo yemikhosi: Abantu base-Ukraine banemikhonzo ethile yezenzakalo ezihlukene, ikakhulukazi phakathi namaholide noma imikhosi yomndeni njengemishado noma imingcwabo. Ukuvuma lokhu kubingelela kubonisa inhlonipho ngesiko labo. 4.Izingxoxo zezepolitiki: Gwema ukuxoxa ngezihloko zezepolitiki ezibucayi ezihlobene nomlando wase-Ukraine njengenkathi yeSoviet Union; kungcono ukugwema ipolitiki ngokuphelele ngaphandle uma umenywe ngokucacile yikhasimende. Sekukonke, ukulondoloza ubungcweti, ukusungula ukuxhumana komuntu siqu okusekelwe ekwethembeni, nokubonisa ukwazisa ngamasiko ase-Ukraine yizici ezibalulekile lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende ase-Ukraine. Ukwazi izithiyo zamasiko kuzoqinisekisa ukuxhumana okunenhlonipho okukhuthaza ubudlelwano obuhle nozakwenu base-Ukraine

I-Ukraine inohlelo olumisiwe lwamasiko kanye nokulawulwa kwemingcele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kahle kwabantu nezimpahla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe. I-State Fiscal Service (SFS) inesibopho sokusebenzisa imithetho yentela kanye nokwengamela ukuphepha kwemingcele. Lapho bengena e-Ukraine, abahambi kufanele bethule ipasipoti evumelekile enezinyanga okungenani eziyisithupha zokuqinisekisa ezisele. Ukwengeza, abanye abantu bezizwe bangadinga i-visa ngokuya ngokuba yisakhamuzi sabo. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole nenxusa lase-Ukraine noma i-consulate ngaphambi kokuhamba. Mayelana nezimpahla, kunemikhawulo ethile kulokho okungalethwa e-Ukraine. Izinto ezifana nezidakamizwa, izikhali, iziqhumane, nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi zinqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinto zingase futhi zidinge izimvume ezithile noma imibhalo ukuze zingeniswe ezweni. Izimemezelo zeCustoms ziyisibopho uma uletha imali engaphezu kwama-Euro angu-10,000 noma okulingana nayo. Kuyalulekwa ukwenza izimemezelo ezinembile ukuze kugwenywe noma yiziphi izinhlawulo ezingaba khona noma ukubambezeleka emngceleni. Lapho uwela imingcele, ngokuvamile uzohlolwa okujwayelekile kokuthuthela kwelinye izwe lapho ipasipoti yakho izohlolwa futhi igxivizwe ngokufanele. Imithwalo ingase ihlolwe ngokungahleliwe yiziphathimandla zentela ngezinjongo zokuphepha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inkohlakalo ibilokhu iyinkinga ohlelweni lwamasiko e-Ukraine esikhathini esidlule; nokho-ke imizamo yenziwe yiziphathimandla ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokukhula obala kanye nezindlela zokuqapha. Ukuqinisekisa isipiliyoni esibushelelezi ngenkathi udlula amasiko ase-Ukraine: 1. Zijwayeze nezidingo zakamuva zokuhamba ezivela emithonjeni esemthethweni ngaphambi kohambo lwakho. 2. Yiba nawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze ahlolwe. 3. Memezela noma yiziphi izinto zenani ngokunembile. 4.Zilungiselele izithiyo zolimi ezingaba khona ngokuba nolwazi olubalulekile oluhunyushelwe olimini lwesi-Ukrainian noma lwesiRashiya. 5.Bekezela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabokufika njengoba izikhathi zokulinda zingahluka. Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso kanye nokunamathela emithethweni yamasiko yase-Ukraine, ungakwazi ukuzulazula emingceleni yezwe ngendlela efanele ube uhlonipha imithetho namasiko akhona.

I-Ukraine, njengesizwe esizimele, inezinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokungenisa elizweni ukuze ilawule ukungena kwezimpahla ezivela emazweni angaphandle. Uhlelo lwezwe lokukhokhiswa intela kwamanye amazwe kuhloswe ngalo ukuvikela izimboni zakuleli, ukulinganisa ukushoda kwezohwebo kanye nokungenisela uhulumeni imali. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile mayelana nemisebenzi yokungenisa e-Ukraine: 1. Izimpahla eziningi ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe ezingena e-Ukraine zingaphansi kwentela yentela esekelwe ekuhlukaniseni kwazo ngokwezigaba ze-Ukraine zezimpahla zomsebenzi wezomnotho wangaphandle. 2. Izintela ezikhethwayo zivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezivumelwano ezihlukahlukene zokuhweba mahhala i-Ukraine esayine nezinye izizwe. Izivumelwano ezinjalo zinciphisa noma ziqede intela yentela emikhiqizweni ethile engenisiwe evela emazweni abalingani. 3. Inani lentela yokungenisa elibekiwe ngokuvamile lisekelwe enanini lenkambiso noma inani lempahla engenisiwe, ngaphezu kwanoma yiziphi izindleko zokuhamba nezomshwalense ezihlobene nokuziletha e-Ukraine. 4. Ezinye izinto zingase zikhululeke ngokuphelele ekuthengisweni kwempahla ngaphandle uma ziwela ngaphansi kwezigaba ezithile ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe noma zibhekwa njengesidingo ngokwezinjongo zobuntu. 5. Izimpahla ezithile zezolimo kanye nezinsiza zingase zibe namazinga aphezulu angokwezifiso abekwe njengezinyathelo zokuvikela abakhiqizi basekhaya. 6. Izintela ezengeziwe ezifana ne-value-added tax (VAT) nezintela zempahla zingase zisebenze kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo ongeniswayo. 7. Abathumeli abavela kwamanye amazwe bangase babhekane nezindleko zokuphatha ezihlobene nezinqubo zokugunyazwa kwempahla engenayo, izimfuneko zemibhalo, ukuhlolwa, nezinye izinqubo zokuphatha kuzo zombili izikhumulo zolwandle kanye nemingcele yezwe. 8. Uhulumeni wase-Ukraine ngezikhathi ezithile ubuyekeza uhlelo lwakhe lwentela ngezinguquko zomthetho ezihloselwe ukuvumelanisa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe noma ukubhekana nezinjongo ezithile zezomnotho ezinjengokusekela izimboni zendawo noma ukulawula ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe phakathi nenhlekelele yezimali. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu lwazi lunikeza umbono ojwayelekile wezinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa yase-Ukraine; imininingwane eqondile mayelana nemikhiqizo ngayinye ingatholwa ngokubhekisela ohlelweni olusemthethweni olushicilelwe yi-Ukraine Customs Services noma ngokubonisana nezinkampani ezithumela izimpahla ezisebenza ngokukhethekile emithethweni yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe.

I-Ukraine, izwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu, inenqubomgomo yentela ephelele yezimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Uhlelo lwentela luhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuncintisana okufanele futhi lukhuthaze ukukhula komnotho. Nazi izici ezibalulekile zenqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Ukraine: 1. I-Value Added Tax (VAT): Izinto eziningi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela e-Ukraine azikhokhiswa i-VAT. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle akudingeki bakhokhe le ntela yokusetshenziswa ezimpahleni zabo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. 2. Intela Yemali Engenayo Yebhizinisi: Abathekelisi e-Ukraine bangaphansi kwezinga lentela lemali engenayo lebhizinisi elingu-18%. Lesi silinganiso sisebenza enzuzweni etholwa ngokuthumela impahla ngaphandle. 3. Customs Duties: I-Ukraine isungule intela yentela emikhiqizweni ethile engeniswa ezweni, kuhlanganise naleyo ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya noma izinqubo zezimboni. Kodwa-ke, izimpahla eziningi ezihloselwe ukuthekelisa noma ukuthunyelwa kabusha ngokuvamile azikhokhiswa intela. 4. Izintela Zempahla: Eminye imikhiqizo ethile njengotshwala, ugwayi, nophethiloli ingase ibe ngaphansi kwentela yempahla ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe e-Ukraine. Lezi zintela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nomthamo wemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle. 5. Izindawo Ezikhethekile Zezomnotho (i-SEZ): I-Ukraine inikeza izindawo zezomnotho ezikhethekile ezinezimo zentela ezivumayo kubathumeli bangaphandle okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwezohwebo kwamanye amazwe. 6. Izivumelwano Zokuhweba Ngokukhululekile (i-FTA): Njengengxenye yesu layo lohwebo lwangaphandle, i-Ukraine ingene esivumelwaneni sohwebo lwamahhala namazwe ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlaka zesifunda ezifana ne-Canada, i-European Union (EU), iTurkey, futhi muva nje ne-United Kingdom ngemva kwe-Brexit. isikhathi soshintsho siphela ngo-2020.Lokhu kusiza abathumeli bangaphandle base-Ukraine ukuthi bazuze emazingeni ancishisiwe noma angakhokhi lutho lapho bethumela izimpahla zabo kulezi zimakethe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinqubomgomo zentela zingase zibe nezinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezimo zezomnotho ezithuthukayo noma izinqumo zikahulumeni ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yebhizinisi emikhakheni ethile noma izifunda ngaphakathi kwe-Ukraine.

I-Ukraine, etholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu, yaziwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Izwe seliqalise inqubo eqinile yokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuhambisana kwemikhiqizo yalo. Isiphathimandla esiyinhloko esibhekele izitifiketi zokuthekelisa e-Ukraine Isevisi Yezwe yase-Ukraine Yokuphepha Kokudla Nokuvikelwa Kwabathengi (SSUFSCP). Le nhlangano ilawula futhi iqaphe amazinga okuphepha kokudla, iphinde ikhiphe nezitifiketi zemikhiqizo yezolimo. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe, abakhiqizi base-Ukraine kufanele bahambisane nezidingo ezibekwe izinhlangano zamazinga omhlaba njenge-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) noma i-Codex Alimentarius. Lawa mazinga ahlanganisa izindawo ezifana nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukuphepha kokudla, izinqubo zenhlanzeko, izidingo zokulebula, nokulandeleka. Ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa ku-SSUFSCP, abathumeli kwamanye amazwe kufanele banikeze imibhalo enemininingwane mayelana nokucaciswa komkhiqizo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, izinto zokupakisha ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye nanoma yiluphi ulwazi olwengeziwe olufanele. Izakhiwo zenkampani zingabuye zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyahambisana nemithethonqubo emisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba ezithile zomkhiqizo zingadinga izitifiketi ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo: 1. Imikhiqizo ye-Organic: Uma ithekelisa izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezinhlamvu noma imifino ngaphansi kwamalebula ezinto eziphilayo noma izitifiketi (isb., i-USDA Organic), izinkampani zase-Ukraine zidinga ukuhlangabezana nemithetho ye-organic Union ye-European Union. 2. Imikhiqizo engenayo i-GMO: Amanye amazwe afuna ubufakazi bokuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aziveli ezintweni eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo (GMOs). Abakhiqizi bangathola isitifiketi samahhala se-GMO kumalabhorethri okuhlola azimele aqashelwa amazwe angenisayo. 3. Imikhiqizo yezilwane: Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwenyama noma imikhiqizo yobisi kudinga ukuthotshelwa kwezidingo zenhlanzeko nezilwane ezisungulwe iziphathimandla zamazwe angenisayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izwe ngalinye okuyiwa kulo lingase libe nemithetho yalo yokungenisa kanye nezimfuneko zesitifiketi zemikhiqizo ethile. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle base-Ukraine benze ucwaningo olunzulu ngezimakethe eziqondiwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthunyelwa. Sekukonke, i-Ukraine igcizelela kakhulu izitifiketi zokuthekelisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimpahla zayo zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe futhi zigcina idumela elihle ezimakethe zomhlaba.

I-Ukraine, etholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu, iyizwe elinemboni yezokuthutha eqinile nethuthukayo. Ngendawo yayo yamasu ezindawo kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuthutha exhumeke kahle, i-Ukraine inikeza izinketho ezimbalwa zezinsizakalo zezokuthutha ezisebenza kahle nezithembekile. 1. Impahla Yasolwandle: I-Ukraine iyakwazi ukufinyelela emachwebeni amakhulu ahlanganisa i-Odessa, i-Yuzhny, ne-Mariupol ngasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Lawa machweba ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthutha olwandle kukho kokubili imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Baphatha izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zempahla, okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwesitsha, ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngobuningi, kanye nezinsizakalo ze-Ro-Ro (roll-on/roll-off). 2. Ukuthutha Kaloliwe: I-Ukraine inenethiwekhi kaloliwe ebanzi eyixhumanisa namazwe ahlukahlukene aseYurophu njengePoland, iSlovakia, iHungary, iRussia, iBelarus, namanye. I-Ukrzaliznytsia yinkampani yezitimela kazwelonke ehlinzeka ngezinketho ezinokwethenjelwa zezimpahla zikaloliwe zokuthutha impahla kahle ezweni lonke. 3. Izimpahla Zomoya: Ngokuthunyelwa okuzwela isikhathi noma izidingo zokuhamba ezikude, ukuthutha ngendiza kuyisinqumo esihle e-Ukraine. Izwe linezikhumulo zezindiza eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Boryspil International Airport (KBP) e-Kyiv kanye ne-Odesa International Airport (ODS) ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziphelele zezimpahla zomoya ezixhuma amadolobha amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. 4. Ezokuthutha Emgwaqeni: Uhlelo lwezokuthutha emgwaqeni ludlala indima ebalulekile embonini yezokuthutha yase-Ukraine ngenxa yoxhaxha lwemigwaqo ehlanganisa amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-169. Izinkampani zamaloli zihlinzeka ngezixazululo zokulethwa kwendlu ngendlu ngaphakathi kwe-Ukraine kanye nezokuthutha eziwela umngcele eziya emazweni angomakhelwane njengePoland noma iRomania. 5. Izinsiza Zokugcinwa Kwempahla: Ukuze kusekelwe inqubo yokuphatha uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ephumelelayo phakathi kwemingcele yezwe noma izimpahla ezihweba ngamazwe ngamazwe ezidlula endaweni yase-Ukraine endleleni eya ezindaweni zokugcina kwenye indawo—kunenqwaba yezindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesimanje ezitholakala kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu njenge-Kyiv, Lviv, I-Kharkiv enikeza izixazululo ezivikelekile zokugcina ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa. 6. Izinkonzo Zokuhlanjululwa Kwempahla Ethengiswayo: Lapho usebenzelana nemisebenzi yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe ehilela ukungenisa noma ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kusuka/kuya e-Ukraine imvume yenkambiso iba imfuneko eyinhloko. Izwe selisungule uhlelo olulula lwenqubo yempahla engenayo nephumayo ngokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi kanye nezinqubo zokubhala imibhalo ezilula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla ziwela imingcele. 7. Abahlinzeki Benkampani Yangaphandle (3PL) Logistics: I-Ukraine inemakethe ekhulayo yabahlinzeki besevisi bezinkampani zangaphandle, enikeza izixazululo ezididiyelwe ezihlanganisa ezokuthutha, indawo yokugcina izimpahla, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusabalalisa. Laba bahlinzeki be-3PL banobungcweti bokuphatha amaketango okunikezwayo ngendlela efanele ngenkathi besebenzisa ulwazi lwabo nezinsiza ukuze banikeze izixazululo zokuhlela ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Sengiphetha, i-Ukraine ihlinzeka ngezinsiza eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuthutha olwandle, ukuthutha ngesitimela, ukuthuthwa kwezindiza, ezokuthutha emgwaqeni, izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezinsizakalo zokugunyazwa kwamasiko ngokusebenzisa amachweba ayo afinyelelekayo kanye nenethiwekhi yokuthutha ebanzi. Ngosizo lwabahlinzeki abanolwazi lwe-3PL abatholakala emakethe—I-Ukraine iziveza njengenketho ekahle yamabhizinisi afuna izixazululo ezithembekile nezisebenza kahle zokuhlela ngaphakathi kweMpumalanga Yurophu.

I-Ukraine, njengezwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu, inemigudu ehlukahlukene ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemibukiso esebenza njengezinkundla ezibalulekile zebhizinisi nohwebo. Lezi ziteshi nemibukiso zenza izinkampani zikhangise ngemikhiqizo noma amasevisi azo, zithole ukuxhumana nabantu abangaba abathengi, zihlole amathuba emakethe, futhi zandise ukusebenza kwazo. Nazi ezinye ezivelele: 1. Uhlelo Lomthengi Wamazwe Ngamazwe: I-Ukraine ibamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo Ohlelweni Lomthengi Wamazwe Ngamazwe oluhlelwe uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-U.S. Lolu hlelo lusiza ukuhlanganisa ibhizinisi phakathi kwezinkampani zase-Ukraine nabathengi baseMelika ngemibukiso ehlukahlukene yokuhweba ebanjelwe e-United States. 2. Ingqungquthela ye-EU-Ukraine: I-European Union inguzakwethu obalulekile wokuhweba wase-Ukraine. I-EU-Ukraine Summit ikhuthaza ukubambisana kwezomnotho phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili ngokuhlela imicimbi ehlanganisa amabhizinisi avela kuzo zombili izifunda ukuze kuxoxwe ngamathuba ohwebo. 3. I-Ukrainian Trade Mission: Imishini yokuhweba yase-Ukraine ihlelwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe emnothweni wase-Ukraine. Le mishini ihlanganisa imihlangano nalabo abangase babe ngabathengi, izethulo ngamathuba okutshalwa kwezimali, izinkundla zebhizinisi, njll. 4.Amahhovisi Okukhuthaza Ukuthekelisa (EPO): Ama-EPO asebenza emhlabeni wonke ukuze akhuthaze imikhiqizo yase-Ukraine phesheya futhi enze kube lula ukuxhumana nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Isibonelo, Ihhovisi Lokuphromotha Ukuthekelisa lase-Ukraine lihlala lihlela izingqungquthela zokuthekelisa lapho amabhizinisi angahlangana nozakwethu bangaphandle. I-5.I-Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce: I-Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce isebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ezinkampanini ezifuna ozakwethu bokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Bahlinzeka ngemicimbi yokuxhumana njengamasemina, ama-workshops, imihlangano yomthengi-nomthengisi exhumanisa amabhizinisi endawo namaketanga okunikezwayo emhlabeni jikelele. 6.Imibukiso Yohwebo Yamazwe Ngamazwe: I-Ukraine isingatha imibukiso yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe eminingana ephawulekayo unyaka wonke ezimbonini ezifana nezolimo (AgroAnimalShow), ezokwakha (InterBuildExpo), amandla (Power Engineering for Industry), IT & technology (Lviv IT Arena), njll., Lezi imibukiso iheha abathengi basekhaya nabangaphandle abafuna imikhiqizo emisha noma ubambiswano. 7.UCRAA Fair Trade Show: I-UCRAA Fair Trade Show ingumbukiso waminyaka yonke ogxile ekukhangiseni imikhiqizo yase-Ukraine kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlanganisa ndawonye abathumeli bempahla kanye nabangenisa kwamanye amazwe abavela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, inikeza inkundla yezingxoxo zebhizinisi, izivumelwano, nokusebenzisana. 8.Ukraine-Expo: I-Ukraine-Expo inkundla eku-inthanethi exhumanisa abakhiqizi base-Ukraine nabathengi bangaphandle. Isebenza njengendawo yemakethe ebonakalayo lapho amabhizinisi angakhangisa khona ngezimpahla/izinkonzo zawo futhi ahlanganyele ekuxhumaneni okuqondile namakhasimende angamazwe ngamazwe. 9.UMkhandlu Webhizinisi Oyinxusa: UMkhandlu Webhizinisi Lamanxusa wase-Ukraine usebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwabathengi bangaphandle nabakhiqizi basekhaya ngokuhlela imicimbi ekhuthaza ubudlelwano bezohwebo. Le micimbi ihlanganisa imihlangano yomthengi nomthengisi, izinkomfa eziqondene nemboni ethile, namaseshini okuxhumana. 10.Izinkundla Zezomnotho Zamazwe Ngamazwe: I-Ukraine isingathe izinkundla zomnotho zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Kyiv International Economic Forum (KIEF) kanye neNgqungquthela Yamasu YaseYurophu (YEBO). Lezi zinkundla zihlanganisa ndawonye abenzi bezinqubomgomo, abaholi bamabhizinisi, ochwepheshe bomkhakha, kanye nabatshalizimali abavela emhlabeni wonke ukuze baxoxe ngamathemba okuthuthukiswa komnotho e-Ukraine. Lezi ziteshi nemibukiso zifaka isandla kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni imakethe yase-Ukraine yokuthekelisa ngokuheha abalingani bomhlaba wonke bokuthola impahla emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Zisebenza njengezisusa zokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili kuyilapho zinikeza namathuba kumabhizinisi ase-Ukraine ukufinyelela izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ezibanzi.

Kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezidumile e-Ukraine ezivame ukusetshenziswa izakhamizi zakhona. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. I-Google Ukraine (www.google.com.ua): I-Google iyinjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nase-Ukraine. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene nemiphumela yosesho eklanyelwe abasebenzisi be-inthanethi base-Ukraine. 2. I-Yandex (www.yandex.ua): I-Yandex inkampani yezobuchwepheshe yamazwe ngamazwe yaseRussia esebenzisa enye yezinjini zokusesha ezinkulu kakhulu e-Russia nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu, kuhlanganise ne-Ukraine. 3. I-Meta.ua (www.meta.ua): I-Meta.ua iyingosi yewebhu yase-Ukraine ehlanganisa isici senjini yokusesha. Ihlinzeka ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zolwazi lokusesha, njengezindaba, isimo sezulu, amamephu, njll. 4. I-Rambler (nova.rambler.ru): I-Rambler enye injini yokusesha edumile yolimi lwesiRashiya esebenzela abasebenzisi base-Ukraine kanye nakwamanye amazwe akhuluma isiRashiya. 5. ukr.net (search.ukr.net): I-Ukr.net iyingosi yewebhu yase-Ukraine ehlinzeka ngamasevisi e-imeyili kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene njengezindaba, izibuyekezo zesimo sezulu, kanye nenjini yokusesha ehlanganisiwe yabasebenzisi ukuze bathole ulwazi ku-inthanethi. 6. I-Bing Ukraine (www.bing.com/?cc=ua): I-Bing futhi inenguqulo yasendaweni eqondiswe kubasebenzisi base-Ukraine lapho bengakwazi ukusesha futhi bafinyelele kwezinye izinsiza ze-Microsoft ezifana ne-imeyili nezindaba. Ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele ezifana ne-Yahoo zinezisekelo zabasebenzisi ezincane e-Ukraine uma ziqhathaniswa nalezi ezishiwo ngenhla kodwa zisafinyelelwa abantu base-Ukrainian abazikhethayo kunabaqhudelana nabo basendaweni. Khumbula ukusebenzisa ukuqaphela njalo ngenkathi usesha kunoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi noma inkundla ongayazi futhi khumbula imikhuba emihle yokuphepha ku-inthanethi lapho uphequlula imithombo eku-inthanethi kusuka kunoma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda.

E-Ukraine, kunamakhasi amaningana aphuzi abalulekile anganikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana namabhizinisi namasevisi ahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinkomba ezinkulu zekhasi eliphuzi ezweni kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. Yellow Pages Ukraine - Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi luhlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukene e-Ukraine. Iwebhusayithi inikeza isici sokusesha ukuze uthole izinkampani ezithile, imininingwane yazo yokuxhumana, nemininingwane yewebhusayithi. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.yellowpages.ua/en 2. Isizindalwazi Sabathekelisi base-Ukraine - Le nkundla igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-Ukraine futhi inikeza isizindalwazi sabathumeli kwamanye amazwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezolimo, imishini, amakhemikhali, izindwangu, nokunye. Kubandakanya amaphrofayili enkampani anemininingwane yokuxhumana. Iwebhusayithi http://ukrexport.gov.ua/en/ 3. All-Ukrainian Internet Association (AUIA) Business Directory - I-AUIA ingenye yezinhlangano ezihamba phambili ze-inthanethi e-Ukraine futhi inikeza uhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi olunezinkampani ezivela ezifundeni ezihlukene kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Uhlu lwemibhalo luhlanganisa amaphrofayili enkampani anemininingwane enolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nemikhiqizo yenhlangano ngayinye noma amasevisi anikezwayo. Iwebhusayithi http://directory.auiab.org/ 4. iBaza.com.ua - Le khathalogi yebhizinisi eku-inthanethi ihlanganisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa abakhiqizi, abahlinzeki, abahlinzeki besevisi, abathengisi bezitolo, abathengisi nokuningi kuzo zonke izifunda zase-Ukraine. Abasebenzisi bangasesha izinkampani ezithile besebenzisa amagama angukhiye noma baphequlule ezigabeni ezihlukene ukuze bathole amabhizinisi afanelekile. Iwebhusayithi https://ibaza.com.ua/en/ 5. UkRCatalog.com - Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lubala izinkampani ezisebenza e-Ukraine kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukene njengabahlinzeki bezinto zokwakha, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zomthetho izikhungo zezokwelapha njll.Ihlanganisa amaphrofayili enkampani anemininingwane ehlanganisa nendawo yawo ku-google maps ukuze kube lula ukuhamba. Iwebhusayithi http://www.ukrcatalog.com Lezi zinkomba zamakhasi aphuzi zinikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile ukusiza abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bathole ulwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo, amasevisi, nezinhlangano okungenzeka bazifuna ngaphakathi kwemakethe yase-Ukraine. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanye amawebhusayithi angase abe nezinketho ezengeziwe ezisuselwe kokubhaliselwe zokufinyelela idatha ebanzi noma izici ezithuthukile ezingaphezu kokufakwa kuhlu okuyisisekelo. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise ubuqiniso nokwethembeka kwamabhizinisi ngocwaningo olwengeziwe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana.

I-Ukraine yizwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu elinemakethe ekhulayo ye-e-commerce. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce e-Ukraine, kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Prom.ua: I-Prom.ua ingenye yezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce e-Ukraine, enikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo evela emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nogesi, imfashini, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: https://prom.ua/ 2. I-Rozetka.com.ua: I-Rozetka ingenye indawo yemakethe ye-inthanethi edumile egxile ezintweni zikagesi nezasendlini. Iphinde ibe nemikhiqizo evela kwezinye izigaba ezifana nemfashini, ubuhle, okokusebenza kwezemidlalo nokunye. Iwebhusayithi https://rozetka.com.ua/ 3. I-Citrus.ua: I-Citrus iyidayisi esunguliwe eku-inthanethi egxile ezintweni zikagesi ezithengwayo okuhlanganisa ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amakhamera, ama-TV, kanye nezinsiza. Baphinde banikeze ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa kulo lonke elase-Ukraine. Iwebhusayithi http://www.citrus.ua/ 4 . I-Allo : I-Allo iyinkundla ehamba phambili ye-e-commerce yase-Ukraine egxile kakhulu kumaselula kanye namanye amagajethi kagesi kanye nezinsiza. Iwebhusayithi http://allo.com/ua 5 . I-Foxtrot : I-Foxtrot igxile kakhulu ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi ezifana namakhompuyutha nezisetshenziswa, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amakhonsoli emidlalo , izinto zikagesi zasendlini njll.Njengenye indawo yemakethe ye-ecommerce inikeza ukulethwa kwasekhaya ezweni lonke. Iwebhusayithi http://www.bt.rozetka.com.ru/ 6 . I-Bigl.ua : I-Bigl (Biglion) isebenza njengendawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi ehlinzeka ngamadili anesaphulelo ezimpahleni ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa kodwa okungakhawulelwe kuma-electronics , izingubo zokugqoka , imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo njll. Iwebhusayithi: https://bigl.ua/ Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu hlu luhlanganisa ezinye zezinkundla ze-e-commerce ezivelele e-Ukraine; nokho kungase kube nezinye futhi kuye ngezigaba zemikhiqizo ethile noma izimakethe ze-niche ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke yezentengiselwano yedijithali yezwe.Ukukhetha lezi ezidumile kuzokwandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola okufunayo lapho uthenga ku-inthanethi e-Ukraine.

I-Ukraine yizwe elitholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu, futhi njengezinye izizwe eziningi, inezinkundla zayo zezokuxhumana ezidumile. Nazi ezinye zezingosi zokuxhumana ezidumile ezisetshenziswa e-Ukraine: 1. I-VKontakte (https://vk.com/): Eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Facebook yaseRussia," i-VKontakte isetshenziswa kabanzi hhayi e-Ukraine kuphela kodwa nakwamanye amazwe akhuluma isiRashiya. Abasebenzisi bangakha amaphrofayili, babelane ngezibuyekezo, bajoyine amaqembu, futhi baxhumane nabangane. 2. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/): Njengenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke, i-Facebook inobukhona obuqinile e-Ukraine. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, benze amakhasi namaqembu abawathandayo, futhi babelane ngokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia. 3. I-Odnoklassniki (https://ok.ru/): I-Odnoklassniki ihumusha kokuthi "Ofunda nabo" ngesiNgisi futhi idumile phakathi kwabasebenzisi base-Ukraine abaphinda baxhumane nabafunda nabo abadala noma ofunda nabo esikoleni. Iwebhusayithi inikeza izici ezifanayo nalezo ezitholakala ku-VKontakte. 4. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/): Inkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, i-Instagram ithole ukuduma okubalulekile nase-Ukraine. Abasebenzisi bangathumela izithombe namavidiyo kuphrofayela yabo noma izindaba ngenkathi belandela abanye ukuze bathole ugqozi noma ukuzijabulisa. 5. I-Telegram (https://telegram.org/): I-Telegram iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo olusekelwe emafini oluhlinzeka ngamashaneli okuxhumana avikelekile ngemilayezo ebethelwe namakholi wezwi. Yathola ukuduma ngenxa yezici zayo eziyimfihlo kanye neziteshi eziningi zomphakathi zezintshisakalo ezihlukahlukene. 6.Viber( https://www.viber.com/en/): I-Viber wuhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imilayezo ngokuphephile ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obubethelwe njengokubethela kokugcina kuya ekupheleni kwezingxoxo eziyimfihlo. ngezinketho zokushaya ngevidiyo 7.TikTok( https://www.tiktok.com/en/) : I-TikTok isidume kakhulu entsheni yase-Ukraine ngokwabelana ngamavidiyo amafushane kanye nezinselelo zokudansa, izingoma, amamuvi njll. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zinkundla azisetshenziswa kuphela e-Ukraine futhi zinamazinga ahlukahlukene okuduma phakathi kwamaqembu obudala ahlukahlukene nezifunda ngaphakathi kwezwe.

I-Ukraine, njengezwe elisathuthuka, inezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezivelele zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekumeleleni nasekusekeleni imikhakha eyahlukene yezomnotho. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zemboni yase-Ukraine kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Ukraine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (UNCCI) - Isungulwe ngo-1963, i-UNCCI iyinhlangano enethonya ekhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe nokuthuthukiswa komnotho e-Ukraine. Bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokusekela emabhizinisini, bahlele izinjongo zohwebo, futhi bahlele ubudlelwano. Iwebhusayithi: https://uccii.org/en/ 2. I-Ukrainian Association of Real Estate Specialists (UARS) - I-UARS iyinhlangano ehamba phambili yabachwepheshe bezindlu e-Ukraine. Bagxile ekukhuthazeni izinqubo zebhizinisi ezilungile, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono, namathuba okuxhumana phakathi komkhakha wezindlu ezithengiswayo. Iwebhusayithi http://ua.rs.ua/en/ 3. I-American Chamber of Commerce e-Ukraine (AmCham) - I-AmCham imele zombili izinkampani zaseMelika ezisebenza e-Ukraine namabhizinisi endawo axhumene ne-United States. Isebenzela ukuthuthukisa isimo sokutshalwa kwezimali, ukukhuthaza izinqubomgomo zokuncintisana ngokungenzeleli, kanye nokugqugquzela ukukhula komnotho. Iwebhusayithi http://www.chamber.ua/en/ 4. I-Ukrainian Agribusiness Club (UCAB) - I-UCAB ihlanganisa izinkampani ezinkulu zezolimo ezisebenza e-Ukraine ukuze zikhuthaze izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme futhi zimelele izithakazelo ngaphakathi kwemboni ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ikhasi eliyisiqalo: https://ucab.ua/en 5.I-Ukrainian Association of Furniture Manufacturers(UAMF)- I-UAMF igxile ekukhuthazeni umkhakha wokukhiqiza ifenisha ngokwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe nemicimbi ethuthukisa amathuba okuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe kumalungu ayo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.uamf.com.ua/eng.html

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningana ezomnotho nezohwebo e-Ukraine. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yazo: 1. UMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho, Wezohwebo NezoLimo: Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomnyango kahulumeni wase-Ukraine obhekele ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ezohwebo, nezolimo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.me.gov.ua/ 2. Isevisi Yezimali Yesifunda Yase-Ukraine: Isevisi Yezimali Yezwe inesibopho sentela nezindaba zamasiko e-Ukraine. Iwebhusayithi: https://sfs.gov.ua/en/ 3. Ihhovisi Lokukhuthazwa Kokuthekelisa Lase-Ukraine: Le nhlangano ihlose ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwe-Ukraine ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi https://epo.org.ua/en/home 4. Ihhovisi Lokukhuthazwa Kokutshalwa Kwezimali "UkraineInvest": Leli hhovisi lisiza ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe ku-Ukraine ngokunikeza ulwazi ngamathuba okutshala izimali emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://ukraineinvest.com/ 5. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine (CCIU): I-CCIU yinhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni esekela imisebenzi yebhizinisi ngamasevisi afana nokufanisa ibhizinisi, ukukhuthazwa kokuthekelisa, kanye nokwesekwa kokulamula. Iwebhusayithi http://ucci.org.ua/?lang=en 6. I-Exporters Association of Ukraine (EAU): I-EAU yinhlangano emele izintshisekelo zabathengisi bangaphandle base-Ukraine emikhakheni ehlukene. Iwebhusayithi http://www.apu.com.ua/eng/ Lawa mawebhusayithi anganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezici ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nomnotho kanye nohwebo e-Ukraine njengezinqubomgomo, imithethonqubo, amathuba okutshala izimali, izinqubo zentela, amasu okuthuthukisa ukuthekelisa, izinsizakalo zokufanisa ibhizinisi, othintana nabo ababalulekile njll. Sicela wazi ukuthi kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni eminingi noma uxhumane nezinhlangano ezifanele ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo zebhizinisi noma ukuncika kuphela emithonjeni enikeziwe. Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kuyasiza!

I-Ukraine inamawebhusayithi amaningi emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba ahlinzeka ngolwazi ngemisebenzi yayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba adumile e-Ukraine kanye nama-URL awo afanele: 1. Isevisi Yezibalo Zezwe lase-Ukraine (SSSU): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-SSSU inikeza izibalo eziphelele nedatha ehlobene nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa ukungenisa, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nebhalansi yezinkokhelo. Ungangena esigabeni sezoHwebo kusizindalwazi sabo kokuthi: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2008/zd/index_e.php 2. I-Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (UCCI): Inkundla ye-inthanethi ye-UCCI inikeza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusesha ulwazi oluhlobene nohwebo, okuhlanganisa izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa ngezwe, impahla noma ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi ye-HS. Vakashela ikhasi labo Lezibalo Zohwebo ku-: https://ucci.org.ua/en/statistics/ 3. Umnyango Wokuthuthukisa Umnotho, Uhwebo NezoLimo: Isizindalwazi salo mnyango kahulumeni sinesigaba esikhethekile semisebenzi yezomnotho yangaphandle lapho ungathola khona izibalo zohwebo ezinemininingwane ngezwe noma ngamaqoqo emikhiqizo. Finyelela ikhasi labo Lezibalo Zomsebenzi Wezomnotho Wangaphandle lapha: https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=en-GB&tag=Statistyka-zovnishnoekonomichnoi-diialnosti 4. Ingosi Yezohwebo Yamazwe Ngamazwe e-Ukraine: Le ngosi eku-inthanethi inikeza ulwazi oluphelele ngamathuba okuhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe e-Ukraine kanye nokufinyelela kudathabheyisi efanelekile enedatha yezibalo ngokuthengwayo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amanani entengo, njll. Ungahlola isigaba sabo Sedatha Yokuhweba kokuthi: https:/ /itu.com.ua/en/data-trade-ua-zu/ 5. I-Index Mundi - I-Ukraine Ithekelisa Ngezwe: Nakuba ingazinikele ngokuqondile emibuzweni yokuhweba e-Ukraine kuphela, i-Index Mundi inikeza umbono ofinyeziwe wozakwethu abakhulu bokuthekelisa base-Ukraine kanye nemikhakha yempahla. Bheka ikhasi lapha: https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/ukraine/export-partners Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angase adinge ukuhlola okwengeziwe ukuze uzulazule ezigabeni ezithile eziphathelene nemibandela yokusesha oyifunayo.

I-Ukraine yizwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Inomkhakha ochumayo webhizinisi-kuya-ibhizinisi (i-B2B) enezinkundla ezimbalwa ezixhumanisa amabhizinisi nokwenza lula ukuhweba. Nazi ezinye izinkundla ze-B2B e-Ukraine kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. Thumela i-Ukraine (https://export-ukraine.com/): Le nkundla ithuthukisa izimpahla namasevisi e-Ukraine ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, ixhuma abathumeli bempahla base-Ukraine nabathengi bangaphandle. 2. I-Biz.UA (https://biz.ua/): I-Biz.UA iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B evumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abonise imikhiqizo yawo, axhumane nabangase abe ozakwethu, futhi andise amanethiwekhi awo. 3. Uhla Lwemibhalo Lwebhizinisi lwase-Ukraine (https://www.ukrainebusinessdirectory.com/): Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole izinkampani ezihlukahlukene zase-Ukraine kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukene, okwenza kube lula ukusungula ukuxhumana kwebhizinisi. 4. I-E-Biznes.com.ua (http://e-biznes.com.ua/): I-E-Biznes iyinkundla yokuhweba eku-inthanethi lapho amabhizinisi engathenga futhi adayise imikhiqizo namasevisi ngaphakathi kwemakethe yase-Ukraine. 5. I-BusinessCatalog.ua (https://businesscatalog.ua/): I-BusinessCatalog inikeza uhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi oluphelele lwezinkampani zase-Ukraine, oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izinsizakalo ezithile noma izimboni. 6. I-Prozorro Marketplace (https://prozorro.market/en/): I-Prozorro Marketplace inkundla yokuthengwa kwempahla yomphakathi esetshenziswa izinhlangano zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele zokuthenga izimpahla namasevisi kubahlinzeki ababhalisiwe kule nkundla. 7. I-Allbiz (https://ua.all.biz/en/): I-Allbiz iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa amabhizinisi ase-Ukraine phakathi kohlu lwayo, enikeza ukufinyelela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nokukhiqiza, ezolimo, ezokwakha, nokunye. 8. I-TradeKey Ukraine (http://ua.tradekey.com/): I-TradeKey iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe lapho abasebenzisi bangathola khona abahlinzeki abavela emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise nalabo abazinze e-Ukraine. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala e-Ukraine. Lezi zinkundla zihlinzeka ngendlela yokuthi amabhizinisi axhumane, ahwebe, futhi andise amanethiwekhi awo, ekugcineni abe negalelo ekukhuleni komnotho wase-Ukraine.