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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elise-Bay of Bengal kanye noLwandle i-Andaman. Inqamula iThailand, iLaos, iChina, iNdiya neBangladesh. Ngendawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-676,578 kanye nenani labantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-54 (ngokwedatha yango-2021), iMyanmar yaziwa ngomlando wayo ocebile namasiko ahlukahlukene. IMyanmar inesimo sezulu sezulu esishisayo esinezinkathi ezintathu ezihlukene: inkathi eshisayo kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, inkathi yemvula kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba, kanye nenkathi epholile kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebruwari. Izwe linezindawo ezimangalisayo ezisukela ezintabeni ezikhangayo njengezintaba ze-Himalaya enyakatho kuya emabhishi amahle eduze kweBay of Bengal. Iningi labantu baseMyanmar benza iTheravada Buddhism njengenkolo yabo eyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi abantu abaningi abalandela ubuSulumane, ubuKristu, ubuHindu kanye nezinkolelo zendabuko zendabuko. Le miphakathi yezenkolo eyahlukene ineqhaza kumagugu amasiko ezwe. Umnotho waseMyanmar ikakhulukazi wezolimo kanti ezolimo zinomthelela omkhulu kwi-GDP yayo. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezinkulu zihlanganisa igesi yemvelo, amaminerali emikhiqizo yezinkuni afana ne-jade namatshe ayigugu afana namarubi namasafire. Uhulumeni wenza imizamo eminyakeni edlule yokuhlanganisa izimboni zakhe ezihlanganisa nezokuvakasha. Naphezu kobuhle bayo bemvelo nokunotha kwamasiko, iMyanmar iye yabhekana nezinselelo ezihlukahlukene kwezombusazwe nakwezenhlalo emashumini eminyaka adlule ngenxa yokubusa kwezempi okulandelwa ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe. Kodwa-ke kusukela izinyathelo zakamuva zedemokhrasi zaqala ukusebenza ngo-2010s, ibone inqubekelaphambili ethile mayelana nezinguquko zezombusazwe nakuba zisabhekene nezinselelo emikhakheni eminingi kuhlanganise nezindaba zamalungelo abantu ezithinta ikakhulukazi izinhlanga ezincane. Sengiphetha, iMynamar inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezindawo ezimangalisayo, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko, nomlando ocebile. Isizwe sibhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo, kodwa siyaqhubeka nokulwela intando yeningi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlalakahle yezomnotho, kanye nezimo ezingcono zazo zonke izakhamuzi zaso. kuxutshwe nobukhazikhazi bemvelo, kwenza leli zwe libe ngelifanele ukubukwa
Imali Yezwe
IMyanmar, eyayaziwa ngokuthi iBurma, inohlobo lwemali lwayo olubizwa ngeBurmese Kyat (MMK). Uphawu lwemali ye-Myanmar Kyat ngu-K. Izinga lokushintshisana kwe-Kyat yaseBurma lingaphansi kokuguquguquka uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu njenge-US Dollar (USD) ne-Euro (EUR). I-Central Bank yaseMyanmar ilawula futhi ikhiphe imali yezwe. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukukhula komnotho. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iMyanmar ibe nomlando wokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nezinselele zezimali esikhathini esidlule. Ngokuya ngamahlelo, kukhona ama-banknote atholakala ngamavelu 1 Ks, 5 Ks, 10 Ks, 20 Ks, 50 Ks, 100 Ks, 200 Ks, 500K s ,1000 KS ukunqamula emagameni kungazwakala kangcono noma kungokwemvelo nakakhulu uma kungokwemvelo. umusho owodwa ofana nalona "...amanani asukela kumahlelo amancane afana..." Nakuba izinkokhelo zingenziwa kusetshenziswa kokubili ukheshi namakhadi esikweletu kwezinye izindawo phakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu ezwe noma izindawo zezivakashi , ukuthengwa kwemali kusabusa ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseMyanmar lapho ukwamukelwa kwamakhadi esikweletu kungase kukhawulelwe. Ngakho-ke, Kunconywa ukuphatha imali eyanele yendawo lapho uhamba ngaphakathi kweMyanmar. Nakuba ingase ingabi nakho ukuqashelwa okuqinile emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezimali njenge-US Dollar noma i-Euro; Nokho emphakathini waseMyanma hamadinger, iKyat yaseBurma isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Sekukonke, isimo semali eMyanmar sibonakala ngemizamo eqhubekayo yeziphathimandla yokugcina uzinzo ngenkathi ibhekelela isimo sezezimali esithuthukayo phakathi kwezinselele eziningi zomnotho leli zwe laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elibhekene nazo.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseMyanmar yiBurmese Kyat (MMK). Ngokuqondene namazinga okushintshaniswa kwezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu, nanka amanani alinganiselwe: 1 USD ≈ 1,522 MMK I-EUR engu-1 ≈ 1,774 MMK 1 GBP ≈ 2,013 MMK I-JPY engu-1 ≈ 13.86 MMK Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zibalo ziyizilinganiso kuphela futhi zingahluka kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene njengezimo zemakethe nabahlinzeki bokushintshanisa.
Amaholide Abalulekile
IMyanmar, izwe elijabulisayo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, igubha imikhosi eminingi ebalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi inikeza umbono wamagugu acebile namasiko aseMyanmar. Omunye wemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu i-Thingyan, eyaziwa nangokuthi uMkhosi Wamanzi. Kugujwa ngo-Ephreli, kuphawula uNyaka Omusha WaseBurma. Izinkulungwane zabantu zibuthana emigwaqweni ukuze zibambe iqhaza ezimpini zamanzi futhi zibhulana ngamanzi njengomkhuba ongokomfanekiso wokuhlanza izono zesikhathi esidlule namabhadi. Kuwumcimbi onomsindo nenjabulo ogcwele ukuhleka, umculo, nemidanso yesintu. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile yiThadingyut noma uMkhosi Wezibani ogujwa ngo-Okthoba. Phakathi nalomkhosi, iMyanmar ikhanyisa ngezinkulungwane zezibani ezimibalabala njengoba abantu behlonipha ukubuya kukaBuddha ezulwini ngemva kokunikeza izimfundiso zakhe kunina. Izindlu zihlotshiswe ngamakhandlela, izibani, nezibani zikagesi kuyilapho iziqhumane zikhanyisa isibhakabhaka ebusuku. Umkhosi weTazaungdaing ngomunye umcimbi obalulekile ogujwa ngoNovemba kulo lonke elaseMyanmar. Lo mkhosi uhlonipha uGavamuni (umfundi kaBuddha) owabonisa amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo ngokudala umlilo ezinweleni zakhe ngaphambi kokuba alahle ukuphila kwezwe. Okugqamile kwalo mkhosi kuhlanganisa imincintiswano yamabhaluni omoya oshisayo lapho amabhaluni aklanywe ngobunyoninco enziwa izingcweti zezandla ezinekhono ethatha phezulu esibhakabhakeni phakathi kwezixuku ezijabulayo ngezansi. Ngesikhathi sePindaya Cave Festival ebanjwa phakathi kukaFebhuwari-Mashi eduze nesifunda sase-Inle Lake, abazinikele bavakashela imigede engcwele ehlotshiswe izinkulungwane zezithombe zegolide zikaBuddha ukuze bahloniphe futhi bafune izibusiso ezitsheni ezingcwele ezingaphakathi kule migede eyaqala emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Okokugcina, i-Taunggyi Balloon Festival ebanjwe ngoNovemba yenzeka eduze kwaseMandalay idonsela ukunaka kwamabhaluni ayo amakhulu omoya oshisayo akhanya ebusuku awathumele phezulu esibhakabhakeni ahlotshiswe ngezibuko ezimangalisayo zokudubula. Le mikhosi ibonisa isiko elinempilo lase-Myanmar ー izinkolelo zayo ezijulile ezihlanganiswe ngokujulile kuyo yonke imigubho lapho abantu bendawo behlangana khona ukuze bagubhe amasiko abo kuyilapho bamukela ngokufudumele noma ubani ofisa ukubajoyina kulolu hambo lokutholwa kwamasiko.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ihlangabezane nezinguquko ezibalulekile esimweni sayo sokuhweba eminyakeni yamuva. Umnotho waseMyanmar uthembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe ukuze uqhubekisele phambili ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezohwebo. Izwe ngokuyinhloko lithumela kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nelayisi, ama-pulses, ubhontshisi, imikhiqizo yokudoba, nezingodo. Ukwengeza, izindwangu nezingubo sekubuye kwaba yimpahla ebalulekile yokuthekelisa eMyanmar. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umkhakha wezohwebo waseMyanmar ubhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa. Isithiyo esisodwa esikhulu ingqalasizinda yayo elinganiselwe kanye nokuxhumana nezimakethe zomhlaba. Inethiwekhi yezokuthutha enganele kanye nezinqubo zithiya ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izijeziso zezomnotho zamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yezinkinga zezombusazwe ziphazamise ukufinyelela kweMyanmar ezimakethe zangaphandle. Nakuba izijeziso eziningi ziye zasuswa noma zehliswa eminyakeni esanda kwedlula njengoba izwe lenza izinguquko zedemokhrasi kanye nezimo ezingcono zamalungelo abantu; eminye imikhawulo isasele. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, kube nentuthuko enhle futhi. I-Myanmar iphishekele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ukuze ikhulise umkhakha wayo wezohwebo. Uhulumeni wenze izinguquko eziningi kwezomnotho ukuze ahehe amabhizinisi angaphandle ngokwenza ngcono ukwenza ibhizinisi kalula kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlaka zomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMyanmar ibekwe endaweni ekahle ngokwendawo phakathi kwe-India ne-China enikeza amandla okukhula kokuhlanganiswa kwezohwebo ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Lolu hlelo luhlose ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwesifunda ngokutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi engqalasizinda angazuzisa imisebenzi yokuhweba yaseMyanmar. Sekukonke, ngenkathi ibhekene nezithiyo ezihlobene nengqalasizinda elinganiselwe kanye nokujeziswa kwamazwe ngamazwe - iMyanmar iyaqhubeka nokulwela ukudala indawo evumayo yokuthuthukiswa kohwebo oluwela imingcele ngezinyathelo zezinguquko ngaphakathi ezweni kuyilapho isekela ezinhlelweni zesifunda ezifana ne-BRI engase ikhulise izindawo zayo zokuhweba.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, ikhombise amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle. Indawo ekahle yezwe phakathi kwe-India ne-China inikeza inzuzo eyingqayizivele mayelana namathuba okungenisa/okuthekelisa. Okokuqala, iMyanmar inemithombo yemvelo eningi njengegesi yemvelo, uwoyela, amaminerali namatshe ayigugu. Lezi zinsiza zihehe abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukungena ezimbonini ezicebile zezwe. Ngenxa yalokho, iMyanmar isibe ngumdlali obalulekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele. Okwesibili, iMyanmar inesibalo esikhulu sabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-54. Le makethe yasekhaya enkulu ihlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi ezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zingene futhi zisungule ubukhona bazo emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezimpahla zabathengi, izinto zikagesi, kanye nezokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseMyanmar wenze izinguquko ezinkulu kwezomnotho kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ukuheha abatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe. Lezi zinguquko zibandakanya ukukhululeka kwezinqubomgomo zohwebo kanye nokusungulwa kwezindawo zomnotho ezikhethekile ezinikeza izikhuthazo kumabhizinisi angaphandle. Lezi zinyathelo zisize ekwakheni isimo sebhizinisi esivumayo kuzo zombili izinkampani zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwengeza, iMyanmar iyingxenye yezivumelwano zokuhwebelana zesifunda ezimbalwa ezifana ne-ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) kanye ne-Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda ngokunciphisa noma ukuqeda imigoqo yohwebo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Ukuba yingxenye yalezi zivumelwano kuvumela amabhizinisi aseMyanmar ukufinyelela ezimakethe ezinkulu eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kusenezinselelo ezisadinga ukubhekwana nazo ngaphambi kokungena ngokugcwele emandleni azo; ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kuhlala kuyindawo edinga ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe ukuze kube lula amanethiwekhi okuthutha asebenzayo ezifundeni ezahlukene ngaphakathi kweMyanmar. Sengiphetha, iMyanmar iveza amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle ngenxa yemithombo yayo yemvelo ecebile, indawo enamasu ezindawo phakathi kweNdiya neChina, abantu abaningi basekhaya, izinguquko kwezomnotho eziholwa nguhulumeni ukuthuthukisa indawo yebhizinisi, kanye nokubamba iqhaza ezivumelwaneni zohwebo zesifunda.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle eMyanmar, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. IMyanmar iyizwe elisathuthuka eliye labhekana nezinguquko ezibalulekile kwezomnotho eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokukhula kwesigaba esiphakathi kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sabathengi, kunamathuba amaningi amabhizinisi afuna ukungena emakethe yezwe yohwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhomba izidingo ezithile kanye nezintandokazi zabathengi bendawo eMyanmar. Ukwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe nokuqonda amaphethini abo okuthenga kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi imiphi imikhiqizo engase ihambisane nabo. Isibonelo, ngenani labantu bezinga eliphakathi elikhulayo, kunesidingo esikhulayo sama-electronics abathengi njengama-smartphone kanye nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya. Ukwengeza, ukucabangela amandla engqalasizinda yaseMyanmar kubalulekile ngenkathi kukhethwa imikhiqizo ezothunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe kugesi onokwethenjelwa kwezinye izindawo kungase kusho ukuthi imikhiqizo ewonga ugesi noma esebenza ngelanga inamandla amakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yoxhaxha lwemigwaqo olunganele ezindaweni ezithile, izimpahla ezihlala isikhathi eside njengezithuthuthu noma amabhayisikili kungaba ukukhetha okudumile okubhekelela izidingo zezinto zokuhamba zasendaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola impahla yezolimo nakho kungase kube nenzuzo kule makethe. IMyanmar inezinsiza zemvelo ezinothile kanye nomhlaba ovundile ongasekela imisebenzi yezolimo ebanzi. Izitshalo zemali ezifana nelayisi, ama-pulses, amaqabunga etiye noma irabha zinamandla amakhulu okuthekelisa ngaphandle. Okokugcina kodwa okuthinteke kakhulu ezenzakalweni zezombusazwe zakamuva imisebenzi yezandla eyenziwe izingcweti zendawo zikhombisa izindlela zokuluka zendabuko (njengendwangu), izitsha zobumba noma i-lacquerware phakathi kokunye zihlanganisa izinto eziyingqayizivele ezigcina zihweba kahle phakathi kwezivakashi zombili ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezizinze endaweni. Sekukonke ukukhetha izinto ezidingeka kakhulu eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile okuthandwayo kwendawo kudlala indima ebalulekile ngenkathi kungena ngempumelelo imakethe yohwebo e-Myanmar. Sengiphetha, ucwaningo olunzulu kufanele lwenziwe ngokugcina izimo zengqalasizinda yezibalo zabantu izidingo zokufinyeleleka okuthandwayo ngokobuhlanga emqondweni ukwenqaba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kube yimizamo enenzuzo eyimpumelelo.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elinamagugu acebile namaqembu ezizwe ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuqonda izici zamaklayenti kanye nama-taboos eMyanmar kubalulekile ekusunguleni ubudlelwano bebhizinisi obuphumelelayo ezweni. Izici Zeklayenti: 1. Ukuhlonipha abantu abadala: Amaklayenti eMyanmar akwazisa kakhulu ukubusa nokuhlonipha abadala. Kubalulekile ukwamukela nokuhlehlisa abamele abakhulu ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. 2. Isizotha nenhlonipho: Isiko lendawo ligcizelela isizotha, ukubingelela okusemthethweni kanye nemikhuba efanele. Ukubonisa inhlonipho ngokuthinta umzimba njengokukhothama noma ukusebenzisa izihloko ezihloniphekile kuzokwaziswa kakhulu. 3. Ukwakha ukwethembana ngobudlelwano: Ukwakha ubudlelwano kudlala indima ebalulekile lapho wenza ibhizinisi eMyanmar. Amaklayenti endawo akhetha ukusebenza nabantu ababazi kahle, ngakho-ke ukutshala isikhathi ekusunguleni ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kubalulekile. 4. Isitayela sokuxhumana ngokungaqondile: Amakhasimende aseBurma avame ukuba nesitayela sokuxhumana esingaqondile ngokusebenzisa i-euphemism noma ukuthambisa amagama awo ukuze alondoloze ukuzwana phakathi nezingxoxo. 5. Ukubekezela nokuvumelana nezimo: Izingxoxo zebhizinisi ngokuvamile zingathatha isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindelwe ngenxa yezinqubo zokuphatha noma izimo ezingalindelekile. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa ukubekezela, ukuguquguquka, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo lapho ubhekana nokubambezeleka. Ama-taboos: 1. Izingxoxo zezombangazwe: Gwema ukuxoxa ngepolitiki noma ukugxeka uhulumeni ngokusobala ngoba kungase kubonakale njengokungahloniphiyo noma ukucasula. 2. Ukuzwela ngokwenkolo: UbuBuddha budlala indima ebalulekile esikweni laseMyanmar; ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungawahloniphi amasayithi enkolo noma izinto zobuciko ngenkathi uzivakashele. 3.Izimbali njengezipho : AmaChrysanthemum ahlotshaniswa nemingcwabo; yingakho ukupha izimbali kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela kucatshangelwa ukubaluleka kwamasiko azo. 4. Ukusetshenziswa kwesandla sobunxele : Isandla sobunxele singathathwa njengesingcolile emisebenzini ethile efana nokupha/ukwamukela izinto noma ukudla ukudla yingakho kufanele kugwenywe. 5.Ukuthinta ikhanda lomunye umuntu : Ikhanda libaluleke kakhulu esikweni laseBurma; ngakho-ke ukuthinta ikhanda lomuntu kufanele kugwenywe ngoba kungabangela ukucasula. Ngokuhlonipha izici zeklayenti kanye nokunamathela emithethweni, amabhizinisi angazulazula emibonweni yamasiko futhi akhe ubudlelwano obuphumelelayo eMyanmar.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, inemithetho ethile yamasiko kanye nemithetho yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe okudingeka ilandelwe lapho ungena noma uphuma ezweni. Nakhu okufingqiwe kohlelo lokuphathwa kwemikhuba yaseMyanmar kanye nokucatshangelwa okubalulekile: Customs Regulations: 1. Iphasipoti: Zonke izivakashi kufanele zibe nepasi elivumelekile elinezinyanga okungenani eziyisithupha zokuba semthethweni okusele. 2. Isidingo se-Visa: Izizwe eziningi zidinga i-visa ukuze zingene eMyanmar. Kunconywa ukuthi uthole i-visa kusengaphambili ngeNxusa noma ufake isicelo se-e-visa ku-inthanethi ngaphambi kohambo. 3. Izinto Ezibekelwe Imingcele: IMyanmar inemithetho eqinile mayelana nokungenisa izidakamizwa, izibhamu, izinhlamvu nemali yomgunyathi kuleli zwe. Ukungenisa/ukuthekelisa kwakudala noma izinto zobuciko zamasiko ngaphandle kwemibhalo efanele nakho akuvunyelwe. 4. Imikhawulo yemali: Kunemikhawulo ekungeniseni noma ekukhipheni imali engaphezu kuka-10,000 USD ngomuntu ngamunye ngaphandle kwesimemezelo. 5. Izimpahla Ezinqatshelwe: Izinto ezithile ezifana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, izinto ezibucayi kwezombusazwe, nezinto zobuciko zenkolo zingase zinqatshelwe ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe/ukuthekelisa. Izinqubo Zesiko: 1. Ifomu Lokumenyezelwa Kokufika: Lapho zifika esikhumulweni sezindiza samazwe ngamazwe saseMyanmar noma indawo yokuhlola umngcele wezwe, izivakashi kufanele zigcwalise ifomu lesimemezelo sokufika elinikeza imininingwane yomuntu siqu kanye nolwazi mayelana nempahla ephathwayo. 2. Ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo: Ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo ngokungahleliwe kwenziwa izikhulu zempahla ephumayo lapho zingena ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yempahla ephumayo. 3. Isimemezelo Semali: Izivakashi eziphethe imali engaphezu kuka-10,000 USD kufanele zikumemezele zisebenzisa "Ifomu Lokumenyezelwa Kohlobo Lwemali" olunikezwa uMnyango Wezentela lapho zifika/zisuka. 4.Ukukhululwa/Izibonelelo Zokukhokhiswa Kwempahla Ethengiswayo: Inani elanele lempahla yomuntu siqu okuhlanganisa nezingubo kanye nezinto zikagesi eziqondene nomuntu ngokuvamile azivunyelwe ukukhokhiswa izivakashi; nokho-ke, kuhle ukugcina amarisidi ezinto ezibizayo njengamakhamera noma ubucwebe osuvele unabo lapho ungena ezweni. Okucatshangelwayo Okubalulekile: 1.Izikhumbuzo zabavakashi/ubuqiniso bemisebenzi yezandla - Qaphela ngenkathi uthenga izinto eziyisikhumbuzo/imisebenzi yezandla efana namatshe ayigugu, ubucwebe, nomsebenzi wobuciko. Hlola ubuqiniso ngokuthenga ezitolo ezigunyazwe uhulumeni. 2. Hlonipha Amasiko Endawo: Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha amasiko endawo, amasiko enkolo nemithetho lapho useMyanmar. 3. Izimvume Zokuthekelisa: Uma uhlose ukukhipha izinto zakudala noma izinto zobuciko zamasiko ezithengwe e-Myanmar, kuyadingeka ukuthola imvume yokuthekelisa emnyangweni wezemivubukulo ngaphambi kokuhamba. 4. Imikhawulo Yesifunda Yokuvakasha: Ezinye izindawo e-Myanmar zidinga izimvume ezengeziwe ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka noma ukufinyelela okuvinjelwe izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka izeluleko zokuhamba futhi uthintane neziphathimandla ezithintekayo ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo lwakho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imithetho yenkambiso ingase ishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uhlole neNxusa LaseMyanmar noma eminye imithombo esemthethweni ukuze uthole ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje ngohlelo lokuphatha amasiko lapho uhlela ukuvakasha kwakho.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elinenqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa ehlukile. Uhulumeni waseMyanmar ukhokhisa intela yempahla ehlukahlukene ukuze alawule ukuhwebelana futhi angenisele izwe imali engenayo. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa e-Myanmar ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingeniswayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izinto zingase zibe ngaphansi kwezintela ezengeziwe, njengentela ye-value-added (VAT) noma intela yezinto ezikhethekile. Ezintweni ezibalulekile njengemikhiqizo yokudla kanye nezidingo eziyisisekelo, uhulumeni ubeka intela ephansi noma engekho nhlobo. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka nokufinyeleleka kwalezi zimpahla kubantu bonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto eziwubukhazikhazi nezinto ezingabalulekile ziheha izintela eziphezulu zokungenisa. Lokhu kungafaka izinto ezifana nemishini kagesi, izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nezimpahla ezithile zikanokusho. Izintela eziphakeme zihlose ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo kanokusho kuyilapho kungenisa imali kuhulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungenisa okuvela emazweni angomakhelwane ngaphakathi kwe-ASEAN (Inhlangano Yezizwe EziseNingizimu-mpumalanga Ye-Asia) ijabulela amanani akhethekile ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zohwebo zesifunda. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuhwebelana phakathi kweMyanmar namazwe angomakhelwane ngenkathi kugqugquzelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi iMyanmar ibilokhu isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ekukhululeni izinqubomgomo zayo zohwebo eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba iguqukela emnothweni ovuleleke kakhudlwana, imizamo yenziwe yokunciphisa amanani entengo kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo zentela yempahla ephumayo ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezifana neSivumelwano Sokulekelela Ukuhwebelana (TFA). Sengiphetha, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseMyanmar iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingeniswayo kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amanani aphansi noma aziro wezinto ezibalulekile kuyilapho kubekwa imisebenzi ephakeme ezimpahleni zikanokusho. Imizamo iyenziwa yokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwesifunda ngezintela ezikhethwayo ngaphakathi kwamazwe e-ASEAN kanye nemizamo ebanzi yokuthuthukisa ezohwebo.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa e-Myanmar ihlose ukulawula imisebenzi yezwe yokuthumela ngaphandle futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula komnotho wayo. I-Myanmar ibeka izintela ezihlukahlukene ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zazo namanani. Okokuqala, izimpahla ezithile zingaphansi kwemisebenzi ethile yokuthekelisa. Isibonelo, izinsiza zemvelo ezifana nezingodo, amaminerali, namatshe ayigugu zikhokhiswa intela ngamanani ahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezigaba zazo. Lokhu kuvumela uhulumeni ukuthi alawule ukumbiwa nokudayiswa kwalezi zinsiza ezibalulekile. Okwesibili, kunesakhiwo sentela esijwayelekile esisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Umnyango wezokuthutha unquma lesi sakhiwo ngokuhlukanisa izinto zibe amakhodi entela ahlukene ngokwemvelo yazo noma imboni ezikuyo. Izinga lentela lincike kukhodi yesistimu evumelanisiwe umkhiqizo owela ngaphansi kwayo. Uhulumeni uphinde acabangele ukuphromotha izimboni ezikhethiwe ngokusebenzisa izinxephezelo zentela noma ukukhululwa ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe okuxhumene naleyo mikhakha. Lezi zimboni zihlanganisa ezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, zendwangu, kanye nemikhiqizo esekelwe esisetshenziswa semvelo njengokhuni olugayiwe noma amatshe ayigugu aqediwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezinkokhelo ezengeziwe noma izinkokhiso ezihlobene nokuthekelisa izimpahla ezivela e-Myanmar njengezinkokhelo zamadokhumenti noma izindleko zokuqondisa ezitholwe phakathi nezinqubo zokugunyazwa. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi izinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yaseMyanmar zingashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho kanye nezivumelwano zokuhwebelana zamazwe ngamazwe abangena kuzo namanye amazwe. Sekukonke, iMyanmar isebenzisa inqubomgomo yentela yokuthumela ngaphandle ehlose ukulinganisa phakathi kokukhiqiza imali yezwe kuyilapho ivumela nentuthuko yomnotho esimeme ngokuthuthukisa izimboni ezithile ngokusebenzisa izinxephezelo zentela ezihlosiwe.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
IMyanmar yizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi yaziwa ngamagugu alo acebile, ubuhle bemvelo, namandla omnotho. Njengemakethe esafufusa, iMyanmar ibigxile ekukhuliseni imboni yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nokusungula ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Uma kukhulunywa ngesitifiketi sokuthekelisa eMyanmar, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, izinkampani ezithumela izimpahla zisuka eMyanmar zidinga ukuthola Isitifiketi Sokubhaliswa Kwempahla Ethunyelwa Ngaphandle (ERC). Lesi sitifiketi sikhishwa yi-Directorate of Investment and Company Administration (DICA) noma iziphathimandla ezifanele kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokungeziwe ku-ERC, abathumeli kwamanye amazwe kufanele bahambisane nemithetho ethile ehlobene nemboni yabo noma umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo idinga Isitifiketi Se-Phytosanitary esikhishwe yi-Plant Protection Division ngaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo. Ngokufanayo, abathumeli bemikhiqizo yokudoba kwamanye amazwe kufanele balandele izinkombandlela ezinikezwa uMnyango Wezokudoba ngaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo Nokuchelela. Abathumeli bangaphandle futhi kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezitifiketi ezisekelwe ezimakethe zabo ezihlosiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuthola izitifiketi zekhwalithi ezifana ne-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) noma i-HACCP (I-Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point), eqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana namazinga athile mayelana nokuphepha nekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhiqizo ingadinga izitifiketi ezengeziwe zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwezimbiwa kwamanye amazwe kudinga imvume kuziphathimandla ezifanele njengoMnyango Wezimayini ngaphambi kokuthi zithunyelwe ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Sengiphetha, inqubo yesitifiketi saseMyanmar sokuthumela ngaphandle ihlanganisa ukuthola Isitifiketi Sokubhaliswa Kwempahla Ethunyelwa Ngaphandle kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo ethile ehlobene nezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze abathumeli bangaphandle bakwazi ukuncintisana ezimakethe zomhlaba, ukuletha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ehambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba abo empumelelo. 限制為300个单词
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ikhawulwe yiNdiya neBangladesh ngasentshonalanga, iChina enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga, iLaos empumalanga, neThailand eningizimu-mpumalanga. Uma kukhulunywa ngezincomo zezokuthutha eMyanmar, nanka amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele: 1. Amachweba: IMyanmar inamachweba amakhulu amaningana adlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini yayo yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Ichweba laseYangon liyichweba elibaluleke kakhulu eMyanmar futhi lisebenza njengesango lakho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Inezindawo zesimanje ezinamatheminali ama-container akwazi ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wezimpahla. 2. Uxhaxha lwemigwaqo: IMyanmar ibithuthukisa ingqalasizinda yayo yemigwaqo eminyakeni yakamuva. Nokho, kusatuseka ukuhlela ukubambezeleka okungase kube khona noma ubunzima ngenkathi uthutha izimpahla phakathi kwezifunda ezithile ngenxa yesimo somgwaqo noma izici zesizini. 3. Izitimela: Nakuba ezokuthutha ngololiwe zingase zingadumile noma zingasebenzi kahle njengezinye izindlela zokuthutha, kusengaba inketho yokuthutha kwezimpahla ezithile ngaphakathi eMyanmar noma ukuxhumana namazwe angomakhelwane njengeShayina neThailand. 4. Izikhumulo zezindiza: Impahla yezindiza yamazwe ngamazwe idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwempahla eMyanmar. Izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe yiYangon International Airport kanye neMandalay International Airport ezihlinzeka ngoxhumano olusebenzayo namanye amazwe esifundeni sonke. 5. Imithethonqubo yeCustoms: Ukuqonda nokuhambisana nemithetho yempahla ephumayo kubalulekile lapho kuthunyelwa izimpahla ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kweMyanmar. Ukuze uthole imisebenzi eyimpumelelo yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa, ukusebenzisana eduze nama-ejenti ochwepheshe abanolwazi lokuzulazula lezi zidingo kungasiza ukugwema ukubambezeleka noma izinkinga. 6. Indawo yokugcina impahla: Ngezidingo zesitoreji ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yaseMyanmar, kunezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezitholakala kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu njengeYangon neMandalay ezinikeza izixazululo ezivikelekile zesitoreji sezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla. 7.Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezokuthutha: Izinkampani eziningi zokuthutha zendawo zinikeza izinsizakalo zamaloli ngaphakathi kwezifunda ezahlukene zaseMyanmar ngamanani ancintisanayo. 8.Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe: Hlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezitayela zobuchwepheshe ezivelayo emkhakheni wezokuthutha wezwe njengezinkundla zedijithali zokudlulisa impahla, ukulandelela, kanye nokubhala imibhalo. Lezi ntuthuko zingenza kube lula ukusebenza futhi kuthuthukise ukubonakala kwe-supply chain. 9.Abahlinzeki Besevisi Yezinto Zokusebenza: Ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki besevisi yezokuthutha abanolwazi eMyanmar kungazuzisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho. Banolwazi lwendawo, ingqalasizinda, inethiwekhi, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusingatha izinselelo ezihlukahlukene zezokuthutha kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokuphela-to-ekupheleni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yesimo sezombangazwe nezomnotho esiyingqayizivele saseMyanmar, kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva oluvela emithonjeni ethembekile lapho uhlela imisebenzi yezokuthutha ezweni.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elihlinzeka ngeziteshi ezibalulekile zomhlaba wonke ezibalulekile kanye nemibukiso yezohwebo ukuze ithuthuke. Ake sihlole ezinye zazo. 1. Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe SaseYangon: Njengesikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke saseMyanmar kanye nesango eliyinhloko eliya ezweni, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe SaseYangon sisebenza njengesizinda esibalulekile sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kwenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla futhi kunikeza amathuba abathengi bomhlaba wonke ukuthi baxhumane nabahlinzeki bendawo. 2. Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Mandalay: Itholakala endaweni emaphakathi ne-Myanmar, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe sase-Mandalay esinye isikhungo sezokuthutha esibalulekile esinikeza amathuba ebhizinisi kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukuthola imikhiqizo kulesi sifunda. 3. Ichweba laseYangon: Ichweba laseYangon lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuxhumanisa iMyanmar nezimakethe zomhlaba. Isebenza njengesango elikhulu lokungenisa izimpahla ezweni kanye nokuthekelisa imikhiqizo yaseBurma emhlabeni wonke. 4. I-World Trade Center Yangon: I-World Trade Center (WTC) I-Yangon isikhungo samabhizinisi esidumile esithuthukisa amathuba okuhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali eMyanmar. Ihlela imibukiso, imibukiso, nezingqungquthela lapho abathengi bomhlaba wonke bengahlangana nabahlinzeki bendawo, bahlole ubudlelwano obungaba khona, futhi bathole imikhiqizo evela emikhakheni eyahlukene. 5. I-Myanmar Expo: Lo mbukiso waminyaka yonke oba se-Yangon uhlanganisa izinkampani zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ezivela ezimbonini ezahlukene ezifana nezokukhiqiza, ezolimo, ezobuchwepheshe, ezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezokuvakasha, njll. Uhlinzeka ngenkundla enhle kakhulu yokuthi amabhizinisi abonise imikhiqizo/izinkonzo zawo kubo bobabili. amaklayenti asekhaya nawangaphandle noma amakhasimende. 6. I-Made In Myanmar Expo: Igxile kakhulu ekukhangiseni imikhiqizo eyenziwe endaweni emakethe yomhlaba, lo mbukiso uhlose ukuxhumanisa abakhiqizi nalabo abangase babe abathengi abanentshisekelo yokuthola izimpahla zaseBurma zekhwalithi ephezulu kuyo yonke imikhakha efana nezindwangu nezingubo, imisebenzi yezandla nefenisha, ukudla. & iziphuzo njll. 7.I-33rd Manufacturing Industry Exhibition (THAIMETAL): I-THAIMETAL ingomunye wemibukiso yesifunda emikhulukazi eyenziwa minyaka yonke e-Bangkok oheha abahlanganyeli abaningi okuhlanganisa nabakhiqizi abavela emazweni angomakhelwane njengeMyanmar. Isebenza njengenkundla yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlola amathuba okuthola umkhakha wokukhiqiza waseMyanmar. 8. I-Hong Kong Mega Showcase: Lo mbukiso wokuhweba owaziwayo oba e-Hong Kong minyaka yonke uheha ababukisi nezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise neMyanmar. Lo mcimbi uhlanganisa izimboni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emikhiqizweni yabathengi kuya kwezikagesi, ohlinzeka ngethuba kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi baxhumane nabaphakeli baseBurma. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zeziteshi ezibalulekile zomhlaba jikelele kanye nemibukiso yezohwebo etholakala eMyanmar. Banikeza amathuba amakhulu okukhula kwebhizinisi, ukuxhumana nokuxhumana, kanye nokutholakala kwemikhiqizo ezweni nasemhlabeni jikelele.
E-Myanmar, izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi: 1. I-Google (www.google.com.mm): I-Google iyinjini yokusesha ethandwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu eMyanmar. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi lokusesha futhi itholakala ngazo zombili izilimi zesiBurma nesiNgisi. 2. Yahoo! Sesha (www.yahoo.com): I-Yahoo enye injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu eMyanmar. Nakuba ingase ingadumile njenge-Google, inikeza izici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izindaba, izinsiza ze-imeyili, nokuqukethwe okokuzijabulisa. 3. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing iyinjini yokusesha eyakhiwe yi-Microsoft. Nakuba ingase ingasetshenziswa kakhulu eMyanmar uma iqhathaniswa ne-Google noma i-Yahoo, abanye abantu bakhetha i-Bing ngezici zayo ezihlukile ezifana nephephadonga lansuku zonke. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo iyinjini yokusesha egxile ekuyimfihlo ethole ukuduma emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise naseMyanmar. Ayiqoqi imininingwane yomuntu siqu noma ilandelele umsebenzi womsebenzisi njengezinye izinjini zokusesha ezijwayelekile. 5. I-Yandex (www.yandex.com.mm): I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha ese-Russian etholakala e-Myanmar. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela eyenziwe yasendaweni eqondene nezwe futhi ihlinzeka ngamasevisi afana namamephu, amathuluzi okuhumusha, nosesho lwezithombe. 6. I-Baidu (www.baidu.com): I-Baidu iyinjini yokusesha ehamba phambili yolimi lwesiShayina futhi ebhekelela abasebenzisi abangaphandle kwaseShayina okuhlanganisa nabasebenzisi ngaphakathi komphakathi okhuluma isi-Chinese waseMyanmar. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi kungenye yezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Myanmar, ukuduma kwazo kungase kwehluke phakathi kwabantu abahlukene ngokusekelwe kulokho abakuthandayo kanye nezidingo zokufinyelela ulwazi ku-inthanethi.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

IMyanmar, izwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, inamakhasi amaningana aphuzi amawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi nezinsizakalo. Naba abambalwa abavelele kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. Amakhasi Aphuzi EMyanmar (www.myanmaryellowpages.biz): IMyanmar Yellow Pages ingenye yezinkomba zebhizinisi ezihamba phambili ezweni. Ihlinzeka ngohlu olunemininingwane yezimboni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izihambi, imfundo, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi inikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana efana nezinombolo zocingo, amakheli, namawebhusayithi amabhizinisi asohlwini. 2. Yangon Directory (www.yangondirectory.com): I-Yangon Directory iyinkomba egcwele ye-inthanethi egxile kakhulu kumabhizinisi asedolobheni laseYangon. Iqukethe uhlu olubanzi lwezigaba ezihlukene njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izitolo, namasevisi afana namabhange kanye nezindlu ezithengiswayo. 3. Uhlu lwemibhalo lwaseMandalay (www.mdydirectory.com): I-Mandalay Directory iwuhla lwemibhalo olukhethekile oluhlinzeka ngamabhizinisi asedolobheni laseMandalay. Inkundla ibonisa imikhakha eyahlukene ehlanganisa izitolo, izikhungo zezokwelapha, izindawo zokuzijabulisa, nezinsiza zokuhamba ezizinze eMandalay. 4. Uhla Lwemibhalo Yezinsizakalo Zamafutha Negesi YaseMyanmar (www.myannetaung.net/mogsdir): I-Myanmar Oil & Gas Services Directory igxile embonini kawoyela negesi ngokufaka ohlwini izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ekhethekile noma amasevisi ahambisana nalo mkhakha. 5. Izinkomba Zocingo ZaseMyanmar ( www.mtd.com.mm/Directory.aspx ): I-Myanmar Telephone Directories inikeza kokubili izinguqulo ze-inthanethi neziphrintiwe ezifaka izinombolo zocingo zabantu ngabanye kanye nezamabhizinisi ezifundeni ezahlukene zezwe. Lawa mawebhusayithi ashiwo asebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile kubantu abafuna imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi endaweni enkulu yebhizinisi laseMyanmar. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ubuqiniso kanye nesimo samanje solwazi olufakwe ohlwini kulezi zinkundla ngenxa yokuhlukahluka okungenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo embonini yalo ye-e-commerce eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Izinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce zisebenza eMyanmar. Naba abavelele kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. Shop.com.mm: Njengenye yezinkundla ezinkulu nezidume kakhulu ze-e-commerce e-Myanmar, i-Shop.com.mm inikezela ngemikhiqizo eminingi emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nogesi, imfashini, ubuhle, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. . Iwebhusayithi https://www.shop.com.mm/ 2. I-GrabMart: Yaziwa kakhulu ngamasevisi ayo okugibela, i-Grab futhi isebenzisa inkundla yokulethwa kwegrosa eku-inthanethi ebizwa ngokuthi i-GrabMart. Abasebenzisi banga-oda umkhiqizo omusha nezinye izinto zegrosa ezitolo zasendaweni ngohlelo lokusebenza noma iwebhusayithi. Iwebhusayithi https://www.grab.com/mm/mart/ 3. YangonDoor2Door: Le nkundla igxile kakhulu ezinsizeni zokulethwa kokudla ngaphakathi kwedolobha laseYangon. Abasebenzisi bangaphequlula izindawo zokudlela ezihlukene kanye nezindawo zokudlela ezitholakala kuwebhusayithi noma uhlelo lokusebenza futhi bafake ama-oda okulethwa ekhaya noma izinketho zokulandwa ngokuthanda kwabo. Iwebhusayithi: https://yangondoordoorexpress.foodpanda.my/ 4. I-Ezay Ecommerce Platform: Ihlinzeka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zaseMyanmar ngokuxhumanisa abalimi ngokuqondile nabathengi ku-inthanethi, i-Ezay ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo nemifino ngenkundla yayo kuyilapho iqinisekisa amanani afanelekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ezihilelekile. Iwebhusayithi (ikhasi le-Facebook): https://www.facebook.com/EzaySaleOnline 5. I-Bagan Mart Business Directory & Marketplace: I-Bagan Mart isebenza njengenkomba yebhizinisi lapho amabhizinisi endawo angafaka khona ohlwini imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zawo kuyilapho enikeza imakethe ye-inthanethi ehlanganisiwe yabathengi ukuze bathole izimpahla ezihlukahlukene kubathengisi abahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Iwebhusayithi: https://baganmart.com/ Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinkundla ze-e-commerce ezivelele ezisebenza endaweni yemakethe yedijithali eshintsha ngokushesha yaseMyanmar. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokuduma kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemakethe; kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele amawebhusayithi abo asemthethweni noma wenze ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva kakhulu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ze-e-commerce zaseMyanmar.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, inohlu lwezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile phakathi kwabantu bayo. Nalu uhlu lwezinye izingosi zokuxhumana ezinkulu eMyanmar kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook iyinkundla yezokuxhumana ethandwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi eMyanmar. Isebenza njengethuluzi lokuqala lokuxhumana labantu, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram enye inkundla esetshenziswa kabanzi eMyanmar eyaziwa ngokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane, osaziwayo, nabanamandla ngokuqukethwe okubukwayo. 3. I-Viber (www.viber.com): I-Viber uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo olunikeza imilayezo yombhalo yamahhala namakholi wefoni ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi. Idume kakhulu e-Myanmar ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kwedatha okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaya. 4. Isilayezi (www.messenger.com): Ithuthukiswe i-Facebook, i-Messenger uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo olusetshenziswa kabanzi e-Myanmar ezingxoxweni zomuntu ngamunye noma zeqembu eduze kwezici ezifana nemiyalezo yezwi namakholi wevidiyo. 5. Ulayini (line.me/en-US/): Ulayini ungolunye uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo oluvame ukusetshenziswa abantu baseMyanmar lapho bengathumela khona imilayezo, benze amakholi ezwi noma evidiyo, babelane ngezithombe/amavidiyo/izitika/izihlungi phakathi kwezingxoxo zomuntu siqu noma zeqembu. . 6.WeChat: I-WeChat iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwesiShayina olunemisebenzi eminingi; ihlinzeka abasebenzisi ngamasevisi anjengokuthumela umlayezo osheshayo, amakholi wevidiyo/umbhalo/umbhalo/imidlalo yevidiyo/ukufunda/i-e-payment/share purchasing njll. 7.TikTok(https://www.tiktok.com/zh-Hant/ ): I-TikTok isizuze ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebasha njengoba ivumela ukwabelana ngamavidiyo amafushane asethwe emculweni kuyilapho ihlanganisa nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokubuka. 8.YouTube(https://www.youtube.com ): I-YouTube ihlinzeka ngezinsiza zokwabelana ngamavidiyo lapho abasebenzisi bengalayisha khona amavidiyo abo noma babuke okuqukethwe okuthunyelwe abanye.IMyanmar ibone ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwale nkundla muva nje. 9.LinkedIn(https://www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn igxile ngokuyinhloko ekuxhumaneni nochwepheshe kanye namathuba emisebenzi. Ochwepheshe abaningi nezinhlangano eMyanmar zisebenzisa le nkundla ngezinjongo zomsebenzi. Lezi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu ezithole ukuduma eMyanmar. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuduma kwalezi zinkundla kungase kuhluke ngokusekelwe kumaqembu eminyaka yobudala, izintshisekelo, nokufinyeleleka kwe-inthanethi ezifundeni ezihlukene zezwe.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Inomnotho ohlukahlukene nezimboni ezahlukene ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni eMyanmar kanye namawebhusayithi azo abhalwe ngezansi: 1. I-Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (UMFCCI) - I-UMFCCI indikimba eyinhloko emele amabhizinisi nezimboni e-Myanmar. Bahlinzeka ngokumela inqubomgomo, amathuba okuxhumana, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela ibhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.umfcci.com.mm/ 2. I-Myanmar Garment Manufacturers Association (MGMA) - I-MGMA imele imboni yokukhiqiza izingubo eMyanmar. Basebenzela ukukhuthaza nokweseka ukukhula kwalo mkhakha. Iwebhusayithi: https://myanmargarments.org/ 3. I-Myanmar Construction Entrepreneurs Association (MCEA) - I-MCEA yinhlangano esekela osomabhizinisi bezokwakha ngokubanikeza ulwazi, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye neziqondiso zokuthuthukisa amakhono namakhono abo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.mceamyanmar.org/ 4. I-Myanmar Retailers Association (MRA) - I-MRA izinikele ekukhuthazeni nasekuthuthukiseni imboni yokudayisa e-Myanmar ngokumela, izinkundla zokwabelana ngolwazi, nokusebenzisana kwemboni. Iwebhusayithi: https://myanretail.com/ 5. I-Myanmar Rice Merchants Association (MRMA) - I-MRMA imele abathengisi belayisi ababandakanyeka ekuhwebeni kwerayisi ngaphakathi kweMyanmar nakwamanye amazwe. Iwebhusayithi: N/A 6. I-Union of Myanma Exporters' Associations (UMEA) - I-UMEA ihlose ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okuvela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisekelayo ezifana nocwaningo lwemakethe, imisebenzi yokuthuthukisa ezohwebo, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono kwabathumela ngaphandle. Iwebhusayithi http://umea-myanmar.com/ 7. I-Mandalay Region Chamber of Commerce & Industry (MRCCI) - I-MRCCI isekela amabhizinisi asebenza ngokuyinhloko esifundeni saseMandalay ngemicimbi yenethiwekhi yamabhizinisi, imibukiso yezohwebo phakathi kokunye. Iwebhusayithi https://mrcci.org.mm/ Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje; IMyanmar inezinye izinhlangano zezimboni eziningana ezihlanganisa imikhakha efana nezolimo, ezokuvakasha, ezobuchwepheshe, nokunye. Inhlangano ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekwesekeni nasekukhuthazeni izintshisekelo zezimboni zayo ezweni.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

IMyanmar, eyaziwa nangokuthi iBurma, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elinomnotho okhulayo kanye nenzalo ekhulayo kubatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kunamawebhusayithi amaningana ezomnotho nezohwebo anikezelwe ekunikezeni ulwazi ngamathuba ebhizinisi nokutshalwa kwezimali eMyanmar. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi avelele ezomnotho nezohwebo eMyanmar kanye nama-URL awo ahlukahlukene: 1. I-Ministry of Commerce (www.commerce.gov.mm): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezohwebo inikeza ulwazi olusha mayelana nezinqubomgomo zohwebo, imithetho, amathuba okutshala izimali, nokuhlaziywa kwemakethe e-Myanmar. 2. I-Directorate of Investment and Company Administration (www.dica.gov.mm): Isizindalwazi se-DICA sinikeza ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nezinqubo zokubhaliswa kwenkampani, imithetho yokutshalwa kwezimali, imithethonqubo yabatshalizimali bangaphandle, kanye nezibuyekezo zemikhakha ebalulekile yokutshalwa kwezimali. 3. I-Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce & Industry (www.umfcci.com.mm): I-UMFCCI imele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi azimele e-Myanmar. Iwebhusayithi yabo ihlinzeka ngezindaba ezihlobene nebhizinisi, ikhalenda yemicimbi yamathuba okuxhumana, uhla lwemibhalo lwamalungu, kanye nezinsiza zokwenza ibhizinisi eMyanmar. 4. IBhange Lomhlaba - Ukwenza Ibhizinisi - Myanmar (www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/myanmar): Leli khasi lewebhu lephrojekthi yeBhange Lomhlaba elithi Doing Business ligxile kuphela ekunikezeni ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuqala ibhizinisi eMyanmar njengemithetho ehlobene izimvume zokwakha, eziphathelene namalayisensi/izimvume/izinqubo zokubhalisa ezidingekayo kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana efanele. 5. Tshala imali e-Yangon (investyangon.gov.mm) - Tshala i-Yangon isebenza njengenkundla esemthethweni yokuma eyodwa eyakhiwe uHulumeni Wesifunda sase-Yangon ezinikele ekuheheni abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe esifundeni ngokunikeza ukwesekwa okwanele ngezinqubo ezilula ezihlanganisa imininingwane yokutholwa komhlaba ehambisana nemininingwane. emikhakheni ehlosiwe egxile enhloko-dolobha yayo - iYangon. 6. I-Mizzima Business Weekly (www.mizzimaburmese.com/category/business-news/burmese/): I-Mizzima iyisikhungo sezindaba esiku-inthanethi esihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene okuhlanganisa nezezimali kanye nezibuyekezo zemboni yamabhange kuyilapho inezingxoxo nabaphathi abaphezulu, ukuhlaziywa kwenqubomgomo, nezindaba mayelana nezitayela zokutshala izimali eMyanmar. 7. I-Myanmar Business Today (www.mmbiztoday.com): Ijenali yezamabhizinisi edumile enikeza izihloko zezindaba zakamuva ngemikhakha eyahlukene kusukela kwezolimo kuye kwezokuvakasha, ezezimali ukuya kwezindawo ezithengiswayo, ezohwebo kuye kwezokuxhumana ngocingo – ethwebula inhlobonhlobo yolwazi olubalulekile. kubantu abathanda indawo yebhizinisi yezwe. Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngesimo sezomnotho nezohwebo saseMyanmar. Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela ulwazi mayelana nemithethonqubo, izinqubomgomo, amathuba okutshala izimali, imibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, izitayela zemboni phakathi kokunye okudingekayo ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwenza ibhizinisi noma ukutshala izimali kuleli zwe elikhulayo.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba yaseMyanmar: 1. I-Myanmar Trade Portal - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezohwebo e-Myanmar, ehlinzeka ngedatha yezohwebo nezibalo eziphelele. Iwebhusayithi https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm 2. Inhlangano Yezibalo Emaphakathi (CSO) - Iwebhusayithi ye-CSO inikezela ngezibalo eziningi ezahlukene zezomnotho nezohwebo zaseMyanmar, okuhlanganisa ukungenisa, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nebhalansi yedatha yezohwebo. Iwebhusayithi http://mmsis.gov.mm 3. I-ASEANstats - Lesi sizindalwazi sezibalo sesifunda sihlanganisa ulwazi lohwebo lwamazwe angamalungu, okuhlanganisa neMyanmar. Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela izinkomba ezahlukene zezomnotho kanye nezibalo zohwebo. Iwebhusayithi: https://data.aseanstats.org 4. I-United Nations COMTRADE Database - Lesi sizindalwazi somhlaba wonke sinikeza ukufinyelela kudatha enemininingwane yohwebo yamazwe amabili emazweni angaphezu kuka-170, kuhlanganise neMyanmar. Abasebenzisi bangasesha ngezwe, impahla, noma isikhathi. Iwebhusayithi: https://comtrade.un.org 5. Imephu Yokuhweba Yesikhungo Sohwebo Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC) - Insiza ephelele enikeza izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa ezinemininingwane yamazwe ngamanye emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganisa neMyanmar. Iwebhusayithi http://www.trademap.org 6. I-World Bank DataBank - Le nkundla inikeza ukufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkomba zokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke kanye nedatha yezomnotho evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izibalo zohwebo lwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe eMyanmar. Iwebhusayithi: https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-Myanmar, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezinikeza amathuba ukuze amabhizinisi axhume futhi ahlanganyele. Nazi izinkundla ezimbalwa ezivelele ezinamawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Bizbuysell Myanmar (www.bizbuysell.com.mm): Le nkundla inikeza indawo yemakethe yokuthenga nokudayisa amabhizinisi. Ivumela abanikazi bamabhizinisi ukuthi babhale uhlu lwamabhizinisi abo ukuze athengiswe futhi abangaba abathengi ukuze baphequlule izinketho ezitholakalayo. 2. I-Myanmar Business Network (www.myanmarbusinessnetwork.net): Le nkundla isebenza njengenkundla yokuxhumana, exhumanisa amabhizinisi endawo nawamazwe ngamazwe asebenza eMyanmar. Ibenza bakwazi ukwabelana ngolwazi, ukudala ubambiswano, nokuhlola amathuba ebhizinisi. 3. I-BaganTrade (www.bagantrade.com): I-BaganTrade iyinkundla yokuhweba eku-inthanethi eyenza kube lula ukuhwebelana kwasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezolimo, ezokwakha, izindwangu, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nokunye. 4. I-Global Trade Portal (gtp.com.mm): Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza eziphelele zokuhwebelana eMyanmar kusukela ngo-2009, i-Global Trade Portal inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinkomba zebhizinisi ezihlobene nezimboni ezihlukahlukene ezweni. 5. I-BuyerSeller.asia (myanmar.buyerseller.asia) - Le nkundla ixhuma abathengi nabathengisi ngokunikeza indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi lapho izinkampani zingabonisa khona imikhiqizo yazo noma amasevisi okuholela ekusebenzisaneni okungahle kube khona noma ubambiswano. 6. I-ConnectNGet (connectnget.com) – I-ConnectNGet isebenza njengomxhumanisi wokuxhumana kwe-B2B ngokufanisa amabhizinisi asekelwe ezimfuneko zesigaba somkhiqizo noma izidingo zokuhlinzekwa komkhiqizo ngaphakathi kwemakethe yaseMyanmar. 7.TradeKey.my - Le sizindalwazi somhlaba wonke se-B2B sinezigaba ezinikelwe emazweni ahlukene okuhlanganisa neMyanmar(https://www.tradekey.my/mmy-ernumen.htm). Amabhizinisi angakha amaphrofayili kule sayithi lapho angabonisa khona imikhiqizo/izinkonzo zawo; futhi isiza abasebenzisi ekutholeni abahlinzeki/abathengi abangaba khona ezweni. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza izindlela zokukhula kwebhizinisi ngokunika amandla ukuxhumana phakathi kwabakhiqizi/abahlinzeki bendawo nabasabalalisi/abathengi bezwe/bamazwe ngamazwe noma ngisho nokukhuthaza ukusebenzelana phakathi kwezinhlangano ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem yebhizinisi laseMyanmar.
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