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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IPanama iyizwe eliseCentral America, elisemngceleni woLwandle lweCaribbean kanye noLwandlekazi iPacific. Ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-75,420 futhi inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezi-4.3. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulukazi lasePanama yiPanama City, esebenza njengendawo ebalulekile yezezimali, ezentengiselwano nezokuthutha esifundeni. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa iSpanishi. I-Panama yaziwa kakhulu ngePanama Canal yayo ehlaba umxhwele - umzila wamanzi oxhuma ulwandle i-Atlantic kanye ne-Pacific Ocean, ovumela imikhumbi ukuthi igweme ukuzungeza iNingizimu Melika. Umsele udlale indima enkulu ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba phakathi kolwandle. Izwe lijabulela isimo sezulu esishisayo esinamazinga okushisa aphezulu unyaka wonke. Inothile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ehlanganisa amahlathi aluhlaza okuyikhaya lezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinyoni, izinkawu, ama-sloth nama-jaguar. Kubathandi bemvelo, kukhona amapaki kazwelonke amaningi njengeParque Nacional Darien anikeza amathuba okuqwala izintaba nokubona izilwane zasendle. Uma sikhuluma ngokomnotho, iPanama ibe nokukhula okuqhubekayo emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule ngenxa yendawo yayo ekahle njengesikhungo sokuhweba samazwe ngamazwe. Umnotho wayo uncike kakhulu ezinsizeni ezifana namabhange nokuvakasha. Imali yezwe ibizwa ngeBalboa; Nokho, idola laseMelika (USD) lizungeza eceleni kwalo. Mayelana namagugu amasiko, iPanama ihlanganisa amasiko endabuko namathonya e-Hispanic asuka kumlando wayo wekoloni. Umculo wendabuko onjenge-salsa ne-reggaeton ungazwakala kuzo zonke izikhungo zakhona zasemadolobheni ngesikhathi semikhosi noma imibuthano ejabulisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ePanama idla okumnandi okuhlukahlukene okuthonywa ama-Afrika, YaseYurophu kanye namasiko Omdabu akwenza kube indawo yabathandi bokudla emhlabeni wonke. Sekukonke, I-Panama inikeza izivakashi inqwaba yezinto ezikhangayo kusukela emabhishi amahle kuzo zombili izinhlaka, ezindaweni zomlando ezibonisa impucuko yasendulo njenge-El Caño Archaeological Site noma i-La Merced Church.
Imali Yezwe
I-Panama iyizwe elitholakala eMelika Ephakathi kanye nemali yalo esemthethweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Panama balboa (PAB). I-balboa inezinga elimisiwe lokushintshana nedola laseMelika (USD), okusho ukuthi amanani ayo ayalingana. Ukusetshenziswa kwedola laseMelika njengethenda esemthethweni ePanama kwenza kube lula kubo bobabili abantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi. Amanothi asetshenziswa ePanama afana nalawo atholakala e-United States, aqukethe abantu abavelele emlandweni wasePanama. Amahlelo ahlanganisa u-1, 5, 10, 20, kanye nama-balboas angu-50. Izinhlamvu zemali zisetshenziselwa amanani amancane futhi ziza ngamahlelo we-1 centésimo (okulingana no-$0.01), 5 centésimos ($0.05), 10 centésimos ($0.10), nangaphezulu. Isimo semali sasePanama sihlukile ngenxa yobudlelwano obuqinile ne-United States ngokwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho. Lobu budlelwano bulethe uzinzo emnothweni wasePanama eminyakeni edlule, kanye nokuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha kanye nokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-USD yamukelwa kabanzi kulo lonke elase-Panama, kuyatuseka ukuphatha uhlobo lwemali lwasendaweni ukuze uthenge okuncane noma lapho uvakashela izindawo ezikude lapho amadola ase-US angase angamukelwa. Sekukonke, isimo sohlobo lwemali yasePanama sizungeza emalini yayo esemthethweni, i-Panama balboa ekhonjwe ngenani elilinganayo nedola laseMelika ─ okwenza kube lula ngezivakashi ukuzulazula ekuhwebeni kwezezimali ngenkathi zihlola lesi sizwe esihle saseMelika Ephakathi.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yasePanama yiPanama Balboa (PAB), enenani elifanayo neDola laseMelika (USD). Izinga lokushintshanisa imali phakathi kweBalboa yasePanama kanye nezinhlobo zemali zomhlaba ezinkulu, njenge-Euro, Upondo waseBrithani, ne-Yen YaseJapane, liyashintshashintsha. Njengoba amanani okushintshanisa ahluka njalo, kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlole amawebhusayithi ezezimali ahloniphekile noma uxhumane nesevisi yokushintshisana ngemali ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva kanye nolwazi oluqondile ngamanani akhona.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Panama, izwe elihle laseMelika Ephakathi, igubha amaholide amaningana abalulekile unyaka wonke. Nansi eminye yemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu ePanama: 1. Usuku Lokuzimela: Lugujwa ngoNovemba 3, Usuku Lokuzimela luphawula ukwehlukana kwePanama ne-Colombia ngo-1903. Okugqamile kwaleli holide imibukiso yokushisekela izwe eyenziwa ezweni lonke, lapho abantu bebonisa ngokuziqhenya ifulegi labo lesizwe nemvunulo yesintu. 2. I-Carnival: Ibanjwa phakathi nezinsuku ezine eziholela kuLwesithathu Lomlotha, ngokuvamile oluba ngo-February noma ngo-March, I-Carnival ingenye yemikhosi ephilayo nedume kakhulu yase-Panama. Imibukiso enemibala egqamile enomculo, ukudansa, nemvunulo enempilo ithatha imigwaqo njengoba abantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi zijoyina ukugubha ngenjabulo. 3. Usuku Lwefulegi: Lunakwa njalo ngoNovemba 4, Usuku Lwefulegi luhlonipha uphawu lukazwelonke lwasePanama - ifulegi layo. Imicimbi ekhethekile yenzeka ezikoleni nasezindaweni zomphakathi lapho abafundi bephinda khona izinkondlo zokushisekela izwe futhi bacule iculo lesizwe kuyilapho bephakamisela phezulu ifulegi. 4. Usuku Lwabafel’ ukholo: Lugujwa ngo-January 9 minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-1964, uSuku Lwabafel’ ukholo luhlonipha labo abalahlekelwa izimpilo zabo phakathi nemibhikisho ephikisana nokugxambukela kwe-US ezinqubweni zePanama mayelana nobukhosi endaweni yeCanal Zone. 5.I-Panama Canal Day-Ngomhla ziyi-15 ku-Agasti minyaka yonke iphawula "Usuku lwe-Panama Canal," kugujwa izimangaliso zobunjiniyela ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni—ukuvulwa kwalo mzila omkhulu wamanzi ohlanganisa izilwandle ezimbili. Lawa maholide awagcini nje ngokubonisa isiko lasePanama kodwa futhi akhuthaza ubunye phakathi kwabantu bakhona abahlukahlukene ngokukhuthaza umuzwa wokuziqhenya ngobuzwe nomoya womphakathi kuzo zonke izifunda ezihlukahlukene kuleli pharadesi elishisayo.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Panama iyizwe elincane elise-Central America, elixhumanisa iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika ngePanama Canal. Inendawo ekahle ebambe iqhaza esimeni sayo njengendawo ebalulekile yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuhweba kudlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wasePanama, okubalela ingxenye enkulu ye-GDP yakhona. Imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yezwe ihlanganisa ubhanana, izimfanzi, ushukela, ikhofi nezingubo. Ukwengeza, yaziwa ngokuba ngumthengisi omkhulu kabusha wezimpahla ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-Colon Free Trade Zone. I-Panama Canal ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu embonini yezohwebo yasePanama. Ixhuma i-Atlantic ne-Pacific Oceans, ihlinzeka ngemikhumbi ngomzila omfushane phakathi kwe-Asia ne-Europe noma ugu olusempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Lo mzila wamanzi onamasu wenza kube lula ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke ngokunciphisa izikhathi nezindleko zokuthumela imikhumbi. I-Colon Free Trade Zone ingesinye isici esibalulekile esimweni sokuhweba sasePanama. Ithathwa njengenye yezindawo ezinkulu zamahhala emhlabeni futhi isebenza njengesikhungo sokusabalalisa izimpahla ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Indawo ivumela izinkampani ukuthi zisungule imisebenzi ngaphandle kokukhokha intela yokungenisa noma izintela ezimpahleni ezithunyelwe kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPanama igcina izivumelwano zokuhwebelana namazwe amaningana anjengeCanada, Chile, China, Mexico, Singapore, namanye. Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukukhuthaza ezohwebo ngokunciphisa imigoqo yentela ezimpahleni ezithile kanye nokuthuthukisa amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali phakathi kwamazwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nemizamo yokwehlukanisa umnotho wasePanama ngale kwemikhakha yendabuko efana nezolimo iye ezimbonini ezifana nezinsiza zokuthutha okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla. Njengengxenye yalelisu lokuhlukahluka, Ukukhula kukonke kokubili okuthengiswayo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwabonwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinzuzo ezinhle zendawo ezitholakala ngokumiswa kuleso sikhathi esibucayi esihlanganisa imizila yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke. Sengiphetha, inhlanganisela yendawo evumayo, imigwaqo yasemanzini ebalulekile ePanamacanal, kanye nezindawo zohwebo lwamahhala kuqhubekisele phambili isimo sasePanama. Uhulumeni uyaqhubeka nemizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka okuholela ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi yohwebo jikelele.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IPanama, eseCentral America, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Leli zwe lihlinzeka ngendawo enamasu ehlanganisa iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, okulenza libe isizinda esikahle sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Okokuqala, iPanama izuza ePanama Canal, okungenye yemizila yemikhumbi ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ihlinzeka ngoxhumano oluqondile phakathi koLwandlekazi i-Atlantic kanye ne-Pacific, ivumela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla okuphumelelayo phakathi kwe-East Asia kanye neMelika. Iphrojekthi yokwandisa imisele eqedwe ngo-2016 ikhulise amandla ayo okuphatha imikhumbi emikhulu futhi yathuthukisa ukuncintisana kwePanama njengomdlali wezohwebo emhlabeni wonke. Okwesibili, iPanama inengqalasizinda eqinile yokuxhasa imisebenzi yohwebo lwangaphandle. Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Tocumen International sisebenza njengendawo eyinhloko yethrafikhi yezindiza esifundeni futhi isiza ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla zomoya. Izwe liphinde libe noxhaxha lwemigwaqo olugcinwe kahle oluxhumanisa amadolobha amakhulu namachweba kanye nezindawo zezimboni. Ukwengeza, izindawo zokuhweba mahhala njenge-Colon Free Zone zinikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokukhululwa enteleni ukuheha abatshalizimali bangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPanama isizisungule njengesikhungo sezimali esibalulekile eLatin America ngenxa yemithetho evumayo yamabhange aphesheya kwezilwandle nezinsizakalo zezezimali. Imali yayo yidola laseMelika elinomthelela ekuzinzeni kwezimali. Lokhu kuheha izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezifuna izinsiza zamabhange ezinokwethenjelwa ngenkathi zandisa imisebenzi yazo yebhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqalasizinda yezokuxhumana yekhwalithi ephezulu inika amandla ukuxhumana okungenamthungo nabalingani bomhlaba kanye namakhasimende avela noma yikuphi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okuthembekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali obuthuthukisiwe okwamukelwa amabhizinisi eminyakeni yamuva nje, Ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo izinhlelo zikahulumeni wasePanama okuhloswe ngazo ukuhlukanisa umnotho wayo ziwenza uthandeke ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.I-panama ifuna ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni yonke okuhlanganisa ne-agribusiness production tourism logistics energy renewable njll imakethe yohwebo Sengiphetha, izinsiza zezokuthutha zasePanama ezisebenza kahle yingqalasizinda yesimanje yomkhakha wezezimali othembekile wenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana izinhlelo zikahulumeni ezisekela ukutshalwa kwezimali zenza kucace ukuthi leli zwe linamandla amakhulu angasetshenziswa uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni imakethe yalo yohwebo lwangaphandle.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle ePanama, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwemakethe ukuhlonza izimfuno nezitayela emakethe yasePanamani. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya okuthandwayo kwabathengi, amandla okuthenga, nezici zamasiko ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuncandweni komkhiqizo. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ethengisa kahle ePanama kuzosiza ukunciphisa izinketho zomkhiqizo ezingaba khona. Okwesibili, cabangela imikhiqizo ehambisana nemisebenzi yezomnotho yasePanama nezimboni. Isibonelo, iPanama yaziwa ngezinkonzo zayo zasolwandle ngenxa yePanama Canal edumile. Ukucabangela imikhiqizo ehlobene nokuthunyelwa kanye nempahla kungaba inketho esebenzayo. Ukwengeza, ezolimo (okuhlanganisa nokuthunyelwa kukabhanana kwamanye amazwe) kanye nezokuvakasha kuyimikhakha ebalulekile emnothweni wasePanama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano besifunda kungaba yinzuzo uma ukhetha imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu ezothunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngenxa yendawo ekahle exhumanisa iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, iPanama inezivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ezihlukahlukene namazwe angomakhelwane njengeCosta Rica, Colombia, Chile, neMexico. Ngakho-ke, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukucabangela izimpahla esezivele zidingeka kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zimakethe zozakwethu. Ukwengeza, ukucabangela ukusimama kanye nezinketho ze-eco-friendly kungakhanga abathengi basePanamani abaqaphela kakhulu izindaba zemvelo. Imikhiqizo efana nokudla kwemvelo noma impahla yasendlini evumelana nemvelo ingase ithole ukuduma phakathi kwale ngxenye yabathengi. Okokugcina kodwa okubalulekile wukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho nemigomo yendawo lapho kukhethwa imikhiqizo yokuthekelisa emakethe yasePanama. Ukucwaninga izinqubomgomo zokungenisa impahla ngezigaba ezithile zezimpahla kuzosiza ukugwema noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingokomthetho. Sengiphetha, lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yohwebo lwangaphandle emakethe yasePanama: 1) Qonda izimfuno kanye nezitayela eziqondene nemakethe yasePanama. 2) Cabangela ukuhambisana nemikhakha ebalulekile njengezinkonzo zasolwandle noma ezolimo. 3) Khulisa ubudlelwano besifunda ngezivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala. 4) Faka izici zokusimama uma kungenzeka. 5) Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho kanye namazinga wendawo. Ngokucubungula ngokucophelela lezi zici phakathi nezinqubo zokukhetha umkhiqizo, ungakhuphula amathuba okuphumelela emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yasePanama.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Panama inesethi ehlukile yezimpawu zekhasimende kanye nezinkolelo-ze ezibalulekile okufanele uziqonde lapho uqhuba ibhizinisi noma uxhumana nabantu bendawo ezweni. Izici Zekhasimende: 1. Isizotha: Abantu basePanamani bayakwazisa ukuba nesizotha futhi balindele ukuziphatha okuhle lapho besebenzelana namakhasimende. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imikhonzo efanele, ithi "por favor" (sicela), kanye nokuthi "gracias" (ngiyabonga) ngesikhathi sokusebenzisana. 2. Ukuhlonipha Abadala: Abantu abadala bahlonishwa kakhulu ngesiko lasePanama, futhi kuwumkhuba ukubonisa inhlonipho kubo. Le nhlonipho kufanele inwetshwe lapho kuxhunyanwa namakhasimende amadala. 3. Ukuvumelana Nezimo Zesikhathi: Ukugcina isikhathi kungase kungabi lukhuni ePanama njengoba kungase kube njalo kwamanye amasiko. Amakhasimende athambekele ekubeni nendlela ekhululeke kakhudlwana yesikhathi, ngakho-ke kuyancomeka ukuthi abe nesineke futhi avume uma kukhona ukubambezeleka noma izinguquko zeshejuli. 4. Ubudlelwano Bomuntu Siqu: Ukwakha ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kubalulekile ekwenzeni ibhizinisi ngempumelelo ePanama. Amakhasimende akhetha ukusebenza nabantu ababaziyo futhi abethembayo, ngakho ukutshala isikhathi ekusunguleni ukuxhumana kungasiza kakhulu ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi kwesikhathi esizayo. Ama-taboos: 1. Ukugxeka Iziphathimandla: Ukukhuluma kabi ngabaholi bezombangazwe noma izikhungo zikahulumeni kungase kucasule abantu basePanamani abanobuzwe obuqinile ngezwe labo. 2. Ukuthinta Abantu Ngokungadingekile: Ukuthintana ngokomzimba ngale kokuxhawula kungase kubangele abantu bangakhululeki ngaphandle kwalapho kunobuhlobo bomuntu siqu obuseduze obuhilelekile. 3. Ukufutha Ikhala Obala: Ukuvuthela ikhala kakhulu noma esidlangalaleni kuthathwa njengokungahloniphi; kufanele kwenziwe ngobuhlakani kusetshenziswa izicubu noma amaduku. 4. Amasiko Omdabu Alulazayo: I-Panama inamagugu endabuko anothile, ngakho noma yikuphi ukuphawula okungenanhlonipho ngamasiko endabuko kungabangela ukucasula. Ukuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende kanye nama-taboos kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenzisana okushelelayo namakhasimende asePanamani, kukhuthaze ubudlelwano obungcono ngokuphelele ngenkathi ugwema noma yikuphi ukungahloniphi noma ukona okungahlosiwe.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Panama, ese-Central America, inohlelo olulawulwa kahle lwe-customs. Isiphathimandla sezwe saziwa ngokuthi yiNational Customs Authority (ANA ngeSpanishi). I-ANA inomthwalo wemfanelo wokwengamela zonke izinto ezithengwayo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho kazwelonke. Lapho ungena ePanama, kunemithetho eminingana ebalulekile yamasiko okufanele uyikhumbule. Okokuqala, abahambi kumele bamemezele zonke izimpahla abazilethayo ezweni, okuhlanganisa nezimpahla zabo kanye nezipho. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa ngokunembile amafomu adingekayo anikezwa izikhulu zentela. I-Panama inemithetho ethile ephathelene nezibonelelo zamahhala zezinto ezithile. Lezi zibonelelo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobude besikhathi sokuhlala kanye nenjongo yokuvakasha. Abahambi kufanele bazijwayeze nalezi zibonelelo kusengaphambili ukuze bagweme noma yiziphi izinkinga emngceleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezithile ezinqatshelwe noma ezikhawulelwe akufanele zilethwe ePanama ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izibhamu, izidakamizwa, izimpahla zomgunyathi, nemikhiqizo yezilwane ezisengozini phakathi kokunye. Kubalulekile ukujwayelana nohlu lwezinto ezinqatshelwe ngaphambi kokuhamba ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingokomthetho ezingaba khona. Iziphathimandla zeCustoms zingase zihlole okungahleliwe kubo bobabili abantu kanye nemithwalo yabo lapho befika noma besuka ePanama. Abahambi kufanele babambisane ngokugcwele nalokhu kuhlola futhi banikeze ulwazi olunembile uma lucelwa izikhulu zezokuthutha. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuphatha imibhalo kamazisi evumelekile njengamaphasipoti ngenkathi weqa imingcele ePanama. Ukwehluleka ukunikeza umazisi ofanelekile kungase kubangele ukubambezeleka noma ukwenqatshwa kokungena. Sengiphetha, iPanama igcina uhlelo oluqinile nokho oluhlelekile lokuphathwa kwempahla etholwa yi-National Customs Authority (ANA). Abahambi kufanele bathobele imithetho yempahla ephumayo njengokumemezela zonke izimpahla ezilethwe ezweni ngokunembile kuyilapho bezazi izibonelelo zamahhala kanye nezinto ezinqatshelwe/ezinomkhawulo. Ukusebenzisana ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okungahleliwe kanye nokuthwala imibhalo kamazisi esemthethweni kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukungena noma ukuphuma ngendlela eshelelayo lapho uvakashela lesi sizwe esihlukene saseMelika Ephakathi.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Panama iyizwe elise-Central America futhi inenqubomgomo ehlukile yentela kanye nemikhuba mayelana nempahla engenisiwe. Uhulumeni wasePanamani ubeka izinqubomgomo ezithile zentela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni zasendaweni, kulawule ukuhwebelana, futhi kungenisele izwe imali engenayo. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa e-Panama ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingeniswayo. Azikho izintela zokungenisa ezijwayelekile emikhiqizweni ebalulekile njengokudla, imithi, izincwadi, noma izinto zokufundisa. Nokho, izinto zikanokusho ezifana nezinto zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma iziphuzo ezidakayo zingaphansi kwentela ephezulu. Izimoto ezingeniswe ePanama zibhekene nomthwalo wentela obalulekile owaziwa ngokuthi yi-import duty noma i-"arlancel ad valorem." Lo msebenzi ubalwa ngokusekelwe enanini yemoto ye-CIF (Cost Insurance Freight) ngamanani e-ad valorem aphakathi kuka-5% no-30%, kuye ngosayizi wenjini yemoto nohlobo. Izimpahla zokugqoka ezingenisiwe nazo zinezindleko ezithile ezisetshenziswa kuzo ePanama. Lezi zindleko zisukela cishe ku-10% kuya ku-15% emikhiqizweni eminingi yendwangu. Nokho, okunye okuhlukile kuyasebenza emazweni athile anezivumelwano nePanama ezivumela amanani entengo aphansi noma ukungenisa ngaphandle kwentela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezintela ezengeziwe ezikhokhiswayo ezimpahleni ezithile ezinjengogwayi, utshwala, izimonyo, izimoto ezingaphezu kwebanga elithile lamanani - okuhlanganisa izimoto zohlobo oluphambili - nezinye izimpahla ezithathwa njengezingabalulekile iziphathimandla zasePanamani. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinqubomgomo zentela zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezibuyekezo kumthetho kazwelonke noma izivumelwano zohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ezisayinwe yiPanama namazwe ahlukene noma amabhulokhi. Ngakho-ke kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uthintane nolwazi olubuyekeziwe oluvela emithonjeni kahulumeni esemthethweni lapho ucabangela ukungenisa izimpahla ePanama. Sekukonke, ukuqonda izinqubomgomo zentela ezihlobene nokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kubalulekile kubantu ngabanye nakumabhizinisi afuna ukuhlanganyela ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe nePanama. Isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yendawo kuyilapho kubalwa ngempumelelo izindleko ezihlobene nokungenisa izimpahla kuleli zwe.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Panama, izwe elise-Central America, inenqubomgomo yentela yokuthumela ngaphandle ehlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. E-Panama, ngokuvamile ayikho intela yokuthekelisa ebekwe ezimpahleni ezikhiqizwe noma ezikhiqizwa ezweni. Le nqubomgomo ikhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi akhiqize okwengeziwe futhi andise ukusebenza kwawo, kube nesandla ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho jikelele. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona okuhlukile okukhona emikhiqizweni ethile. Isibonelo, kungase kube nezintela zokuthekelisa ezinsizeni zemvelo ezifana nowoyela noma amaminerali. Lezi zintela zisetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izwe liyazuza emithonjeni yalo yemvelo futhi likhuthaze intuthuko esimeme. Ukwengeza, i-Panama iqalise uhlelo lwe-value-added tax (VAT) olwaziwa ngokuthi "ITBMS" (Impuesto de Transferencia de Bienes Muebles y Servicios). Le ntela ikhokhiswa kukho kokubili ukuthengiswa kwasekhaya kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla namasevisi kwamanye amazwe ngenani elingu-7%. Nokho, amabhizinisi enza imisebenzi ethile emisiwe angase afanelekele ukukhululwa okukhethekile noma amanani ancishisiwe. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Panama ijabulela izivumelwano ezimbalwa zokuhwebelana namanye amazwe, njenge-United States ngeSivumelwano Sokuphromothwa Kwezohwebo sase-U.S.-Panama. Lezi zivumelwano zivame ukuhlinzeka ngokuncishiswa kwentela noma ukususwa kwemikhiqizo ethile ethunyelwa ngaphandle phakathi kwalawa mazwe. Bahlose ukuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana phakathi kwezizwe ezibambisene nabo ngokunciphisa imigoqo ekungeneni kwabathumela kwamanye amazwe. Sekukonke, izinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yasePanama ziqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni umnotho ovulekile okhuthaza ukukhiqiza futhi oheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ngenkathi futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinyathelo zokukhokhiswa intela ezifanele emikhakheni edinga izinsiza. Uhulumeni ugxile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komnotho ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamathuba amaqhinga kumabhizinisi endawo ukuze aphumelele ezimakethe zomhlaba.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Panama, eseCentral America, inezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezinomthelela ekukhuleni komnotho wayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuba semthethweni kwalokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-Panama isebenzisa inqubo yesitifiketi semikhiqizo ethile. Okukodwa okubalulekile okuthekelisa okuvela ePanama ikhofi. Imboni yekhofi ePanama idume ngokukhiqiza ubhontshisi wekhwalithi ephezulu onokunambitheka okuhlukile. Ukuze baqinisekise ukuthunyelwa kwekhofi kwabo kwamanye amazwe, abalimi basePanamani kufanele bahambisane nemithetho ebekwe yi-Autoridad del Café (Iziphathimandla Zekhofi). Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka nokukhiqiza kanye nokulebula ngendlela efanele imikhiqizo yabo. Okunye ukuthunyelwa okubalulekile okuvela ePanama ukudla kwasolwandle. Ngogu olubanzi lwayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezicebile, iPanama inemboni yokudoba ephumelelayo. Ukuze bathole isitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yezilwane zasolwandle, abadobi basePanama nabathumela kwamanye amazwe kufanele bathobele izinkombandlela ezisungulwe yi-Autoridad de los Recursos Acuáticos (Igunya Lezinsiza Zasemanzini). Le mihlahlandlela ihlanganisa izici ezifana nemikhuba yokudoba esimeme, ukuphatha kahle ukudla kwasolwandle ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula izinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubhanana uyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthengiswa kwezolimo ePanama. Izwe libalwa phakathi kwabakhiqizi bakabhanana abahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubhanana uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphepha nokulawula ikhwalithi, amapulazi kabhanana asePanama ahlolwa okwenziwa izinhlangano ezilawulayo ezifana ne-Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario (Umnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezolimo). Ngokungeziwe kulezi zibonelo ezithile, ezinye izimboni ezahlukahlukene ePanama nazo zidinga izitifiketi zokuthekelisa kuye ngohlobo lwazo. Ezinye izidingo ezijwayelekile zokuthola isitifiketi zifaka ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha komkhiqizo, ukuthobela izinqubo zokusimama kwemvelo uma zikhona, ukulebula okunembile okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Ekugcineni , ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo evela ePanama ihlangabezana nemibandela edingekayo ukuze ithengiswe ngaphakathi nangaphandle . Inikeza isiqinisekiso kubangenisi mayelana nobuqiniso, ikhwalithi, nokuhambisana nomthetho kwezimpahla zasePanamani
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Panama iyizwe elitholakala eMelika Ephakathi, elaziwa ngendawo yalo yamasu phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Inzuzo yendawo yezwe iyenza ibe isizinda esikahle sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemisebenzi yezokuthutha. Esinye sezincomo zezokuthutha ezibalulekile ePanama iPanama Canal edume umhlaba wonke. Umsele uxhuma i-Atlantic kanye ne-Pacific Ocean, okwenza imikhumbi yonge isikhathi nebanga ngokugwema uhambo olukhohlisayo lokuzungeza i-Cape Horn. Kuyisango elibalulekile lohwebo lwasolwandle emhlabeni wonke, okuvumela izimpahla ukuthi zithuthwe ngokuphumelelayo kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ngaphezu kwePanama Canal, iPanama isungule ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha esebenza kahle kakhulu esekela imboni yayo yezokuthutha. Izwe linemigwaqo ewuthelawayeka, izikhumulo zezindiza, inethiwekhi yezitimela, kanye namachweba anakekela ukuthutha okungenazihibe kwezimpahla ezweni nangale kwayo. Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Tocumen International ePanama City sisebenza njengendawo enkulu yezimpahla zomoya esifundeni. Ihlinzeka ngezindiza eziqondile eziya ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele futhi inezinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuphatha kahle izimpahla zomoya. Lesi sikhumulo sezindiza sidlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kusekele uxhaso lwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwechweba lasePanama luthuthukiswe kahle lunamachweba amabili amakhulu - iBalboa ohlangothini lwePacific kanye neCristobal ohlangothini lwe-Atlantic. Lawa machweba anezinsiza zesimanje ezihlome ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kulayishwe kahle, kuthululwe, kugcinwe futhi kusatshalaliswe amabhokisi ezimpahla. Zibekwe ngendlela efanele eduze kwemizila emikhulu yemikhumbi okuzenza zibe izindawo ezikahle zokuthutha izimpahla ezihamba phakathi kwamazwekazi. I-Panama iphinde inikeze ngezindawo zohwebo zamahhala (ama-FTZ) anikezela ngezinzuzo zokuhlela emabhizinisini asebenza ngaphakathi kwawo. Lezi zindawo zinikeza izinxephezelo zentela, izinqubo zenkambiso eqondile, kanye nokufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zezokuthutha ezididiyelwe njengokugcina impahla, ukupakisha, ukulebula, nokusabalalisa. Lawa ma-FTZ aheha izinkampani eziningi ezifuna ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yazo yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka noma ukumisa izikhungo zokusabalalisa zezifunda. Ukwengeza, iPanama yenze utshalomali olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni amapaki ayo okusebenza, njengeColon Free Zone Industrial Park. Lawa mapaki ahlinzeka izinkampani ngezindawo ezizinikele zokumisa izikhungo zokusabalalisa, izindawo zokukhiqiza, namadepho okugcina. Ngezindawo zawo zamasu kanye nengqalasizinda yesimanje, la mapaki ahlinzeka ngendawo ekahle kumabhizinisi ahlose ukwenza lula ukusebenza kwawo esifundeni. Sengiphetha, indawo ekahle yePanama nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha ethuthuke kahle ikwenza kube yisinqumo esihle kumabhizinisi afuna ukukhulisa uxhaso lwawo. I-Panama Canal edume umhlaba wonke, izikhumulo zezindiza ezisebenza kahle nezikhumulo zasolwandle, izindawo zohwebo ezithandwayo, namapaki okusebenza kunomthelela ekudaleni inethiwekhi engenazihibe esekela ukuhamba kwezimpahla phakathi kwamazwekazi.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Panama, izwe elincane elise-Central America, isebenza njengesizinda esibalulekile sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe futhi isungule imigudu ehlukahlukene yokuthuthukisa ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Ukwengeza, isingatha imibukiso eminingana ebalulekile yokuhweba nemibukiso. Okokuqala, enye yeziteshi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ePanama yiColon Free Trade Zone (CFTZ). I-CFTZ iyindawo enkulu yokuhweba mahhala emazweni aseMelika futhi isebenza njengesikhungo esikhulu sokusabalalisa umhlaba wonke. Ihlinzeka izinkampani ngezinxephezelo eziningi zentela, njengokungakhokhiswa intela yokungenisa kanye nezintela zenani elingeziwe, okuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. I-CFTZ ibhekelela izimboni ezihlukene okubalwa eze-elekthronikhi, izindwangu, izicathulo, imishini nezimoto. Esinye isiteshi esiphawulekayo sokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ePanama yiPanama Pacifico Special Economic Area (PPSEA). I-PPSEA iyindawo yezomnotho ekhethekile eseduze neDolobha lasePanama enikeza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene kumabhizinisi ahlanganyela emisebenzini yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinzuzo zifaka phakathi izinqubo zamasiko kanye nezinzuzo zentela. Le ndawo ihlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuthenga izimpahla noma ukusungula imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemibukiso eminingi yokuhweba eyaziwayo ebanjwa minyaka yonke ePanama eheha abathengi abakhulu bamazwe ngamazwe. Omunye umcimbi onjalo yi-Expocomer - Exposition of International Trade. I-Expocomer ihlanganisa ndawonye ababukisi abavela emazweni ahlukene bebukisa ngemikhiqizo emikhakheni eyahlukene njengezinto zokwakha, ukudla nesiphuzo, izinto zobuchwepheshe, imishini yezokwelapha phakathi kokunye.Lo mbukiso uvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi axhumane nabangase babe abalingani noma amakhasimende emhlabeni wonke. Ukwengeza, i-China-Latin America International Import Expo (CLAIIE) ebanjwa minyaka yonke inikeza inkundla ehlukile kubathengi baseShayina abanentshisekelo yokuthola imikhiqizo evela emazweni aseLatin America okuhlanganisa nePanama. izimpahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Annual Logistics Summit ehlelwe yi-Chamber of Commerce Industries & Agriculture ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengombukiso kodwa futhi iqukethe izingqungquthela lapho ochwepheshe bezimboni bexoxa ngezindaba ezibalulekile eziphathelene nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezokuthutha kokubili esifundeni nasemhlabeni jikelele. Iheha ababambiqhaza abavela emikhakheni yezokuthutha, yezokuthutha, neyokuphathwa kwempahla, ihlinzeka ngethuba lokuxhumana nokwandisa ibhizinisi emingceleni. Sengiphetha, iPanama inikeza iziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okuhlanganisa iColon Free Trade Zone (CFTZ) kanye nePanama Pacifico Special Economic Area (PPSEA). Ukwengeza, isingatha imibukiso yohwebo ebalulekile efana ne-Expocomer, CLAIIE, kanye Nengqungquthela Yonyaka Yezokuthutha eheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe futhi inikeze amabhizinisi inkundla yokusungula ukuxhumana nabangase babe ozakwethu noma amakhasimende. Lezi zinhlelo zenze iPanama yaba umdlali obalulekile kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke ngokwenza lula imisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
E-Panama, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: 1. I-Google: Injini yokusesha edume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, i-Google isetshenziswa kakhulu nasePanama. Iwebhusayithi ingafinyelelwa ku-www.google.com.pa. 2. I-Bing: Injini yokusesha yakwaMicrosoft, i-Bing, nayo idume kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi ePanama. Ungavakashela ku-www.bing.com. 3. Usesho lwe-Yahoo: Nakuba lungagqami njengakuqala, i-Yahoo Search isenabasebenzisi ababalulekile ePanama. Ungafinyelela kuyo ku-www.search.yahoo.com. 4. I-DuckDuckGo: Yaziwa ngendlela yayo egxile kubumfihlo, i-DuckDuckGo isithole ukuduma emhlabeni wonke futhi isetshenziswa abanye abasebenzisi be-inthanethi ePanama futhi. Iwebhusayithi ingatholakala ku-duckduckgo.com. 5. I-Yandex: Nakuba isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko e-Russia, i-Yandex iphinde inikeze izinsiza zayo zokusesha kwamanye amazwe kuhlanganise ne-Panama. Ungavakashela ku-yandex.com. 6.I-Ecosia: I-Ecosia iyinjini yokusesha evumelana nemvelo esebenzisa imali engenayo yezikhangiso ukutshala izihlahla emhlabeni wonke futhi isithole ukuduma emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yenjongo yayo yezemvelo kuhlanganise nabasebenzisi basePanama. Ukuze usebenzise i-Ecosia ungabhala ethi ecosia.org esipheqululini sakho ibha yekheli noma mane ulande isandiso/i-add-on yabo kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi kuyizinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa ePanama, izakhamuzi eziningi zasePanama nazo zisebenzisa izinguqulo zamazwe ngamazwe zalezi zingxenyekazi ezifana ne-google.com noma i-bing.com esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinguqulo eziqondene nezwe elithile njenge-google.com.pa noma i-bing .com.pa.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Panama, izinkomba eziyinhloko zamakhasi aphuzi zihlanganisa: 1. I-Paginas Amarillas - Lena enye yezinkomba ezidume kakhulu zamakhasi aphuzi e-Panama. Ihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi, izinsizakalo, kanye nochwepheshe kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi yePaginas Amarillas ithi www.paginasamarillas.com. 2. I-Panamá Directo - Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lugxile ekuxhumaniseni abathengi namabhizinisi endawo namasevisi e-Panama. Ihlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi zezigaba, ezifaka izindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, abahlinzeki bezempilo, nokuningi. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.panamadirecto.com. 3. I-Guía Local - I-Guía Local ingolunye uhla lwemibhalo oluvelele lwamakhasi aphuzi e-Panama olusiza abasebenzisi bathole ulwazi mayelana namabhizinisi endawo namasevisi. Ihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene efana nezitolo zezimoto, izitolo zokuthuthukisa ikhaya, izikhungo zemfundo, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi ye-Guía Local ithi www.guialocal.com.pa. 4. I-Yellow Pages Panama - Njengoba igama libonisa, lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lusebenza njengomthombo othembekile wokuthola amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene ePanama. Kusukela ezindaweni zokudlela kuya ezindaweni zokuthenga kuya kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ezingochwepheshe, i-Yellow Pages Panama inikeza ukufakwa kuhlu okuphelele ngemininingwane yokuxhumana namakheli ebhizinisi ngalinye elisohlwini lwengxenyekazi yabo. Iwebhusayithi yabo ingatholakala ku-www.yellowpagespanama.com. 5.I-Panamá Elula - I-Panamá Elula iyinkundla yokuhlukaniswa kwe-inthanethi ehlanganisa izigaba eziningi njengokuthenga nokuthengisa izimpahla noma ukufakwa kuhlu kwezindlu ezithengiswayo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olufanele mayelana nabahlinzeki besevisi basendaweni njengabasebenza ngamapayipi noma abasebenza ngogesi njll. Abantu bangathola noma yiluphi uhlobo losizo abaludingayo kungaba ukuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo/izifundo/ngisho nemisebenzi evula yonke etholakala ngaphansi kwesambulela esisodwa. Isixhumanisi sewebhusayithi sinikezwe ngezansi: www.simplepanama.com Lezi ezinye zezinkomba ezinkulu zamakhasi aphuzi e-Panama ongazisebenzisa ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana namabhizinisi noma amasevisi ongawadinga ngenkathi uvakashele noma uhlala ezweni.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Panama iyizwe elise-Central America, elaziwa ngomnotho walo omatasatasa kanye nokukhula kwendawo yedijithali. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce ePanama: 1. I-Linio (www.linio.com.pa): I-Linio ingenye yezimakethe eziku-inthanethi ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Panama, ehlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izinto zasendlini, amathoyizi, nokunye. Ihlinzeka ngezinketho ezivikelekile zokuthenga nokulethwa kumakhasimende ezweni lonke. 2. I-Copa Shop (www.copashop.com): I-Copa Shop iyinkundla ye-e-commerce esetshenziswa yi-Copa Airlines, inkampani yenethiwekhi kazwelonke yasePanama. Inikeza ukuthenga kwamahhala emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene efana namakha, izimonyo, izinto zikagesi, kanye nezinsiza kubahambi abahamba ngendiza ye-Copa Airlines. 3. Ukuthenga kwe-Estafeta (www.estafetashopping.com): I-Estafeta Shopping iyinkundla yokuthenga ye-inthanethi ekhethekile egxile kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zokuthumela ngemikhumbi zamazwe ngamazwe e-Panama kusuka kubathengisi abazinze e-US abadumile njenge-Amazon ne-eBay. 4. I-Multimax (www.multimax.net): I-Multimax iyiketango lezokuthengisa le-elekthronikhi elaziwayo e-Panama eliphinde lisebenzise inkundla ye-e-commerce evumela amakhasimende ukuthi athenge kalula izinto zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphone, ama-laptops, ama-TV, izinto zikagesi zasendlini ngewebhusayithi yabo. 5. U-Miprecio Justo (www.mipreciojusto.com.pa): I-Miprecio Justo iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi yasendaweni lapho abantu bangafaka kuhlu imikhiqizo yabo ukuze ithengiswe noma izinjongo zendali ezifana nezinkundla ezifana namamodeli esitayela se-eBay noma i-MercadoLibre. 6. I-Melocompro (www.melocompro.com.pa): I-Melocompro isebenza njengenkundla yokukhangisa ku-inthanethi exhuma abathengi nabathengisi ngaphakathi kwePanama ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa nezimoto, electronics, izakhiwo zezindlu ezithengiswayo phakathi kokunye okusiza ukuthengiselana okuphephile phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezihililekile. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi ezinye zezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce ePanama kodwa kungase kube nezinye izinkundla ezincane zasendaweni ezihlinzeka ngezimboni ezithile noma izimakethe ze-niche ngaphakathi kwezwe futhi.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Panama, izwe laseMelika Emaphakathi elaziwa ngamasiko alo anothile kanye nenani labantu abahlukahlukene, inezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izakhamuzi zakhona. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile ePanama kanye nama-URL wewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Facebook: I-Facebook iyindawo yokuxhumana nabantu ethandwa kakhulu ePanama njengoba isemhlabeni wonke. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, amavidiyo, futhi bajoyine amaqembu noma imicimbi. Vakashela ku-https://www.facebook.com/ ukuze ungene ku-Facebook. 2. I-Instagram: I-Instagram iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe lapho abasebenzisi bangalayisha khona izithombe namavidiyo ngamagama-ncazo nama-hashtag. Iphinde inikeze izici zemiyalezo kanye nekhono lokulandela ama-akhawunti abanye abasebenzisi. Hlola izithombe ezibukekayo zasePanama ku-Instagram ku-https://www.instagram.com/. 3. I-Twitter: I-Twitter yenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuthumela imilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets" engabonwa abalandeli babo nanoma ubani ofuna izihloko ezithile usebenzisa ama-hashtag. Abantu basePanamani basebenzisa le nkundla ukwabelana ngezibuyekezo zezindaba, imibono yomuntu siqu, izitayela, njll., ngaphakathi kwezinhlamvu ezingu-280 ku-tweet ngayinye. Bheka ukuthi yini ethrendayo ePanama ku-Twitter kokuthi https://twitter.com/. 4. I-LinkedIn: I-LinkedIn ingosi yokuxhumana enochwepheshe esetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko izinjongo zokufuna umsebenzi nokuxhumana nozakwabo noma ochwepheshe bemboni emhlabeni wonke. Esimeni sebhizinisi sasePanama, ochwepheshe bavame ukusebenzisa i-LinkedIn njengendlela yokukhula kwemisebenzi kanye namathuba okuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele kokuthi https://www.linkedin.com/. 5. I-TikTok: I-TikTok isizuze ukuduma okukhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yamavidiyo ayo afushane abonisa ubuciko ngokusebenzisa amathrendi ahlukahlukene noma izinselele. Dala okwakho okuqukethwe noma uhlole amavidiyo athrendayo avela ePanama ku-TikTok ku-https://www.tiktok.com/en/. 6.WhatsApp : I-WhatsApp iwuhlelo lokuthumela imiyalezo olusetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke.Abantu basePanamani bathembele kakhulu ku-WhatsApp ngezinjongo zokuxhumana, njengokuthumela imiyalezo, ukwenza izingcingo zezwi nezevidiyo, ukwabelana ngamafayela emidiya, njll.Ingafinyelelwa ku-https://www. .whatsapp.com/. 7. I-Snapchat: I-Snapchat iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo ye-multimedia esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekwabelaneni ngezithombe okusheshayo namavidiyo amafushane. Thola okuqukethwe okuthakazelisayo okuvela ePanama ku-Snapchat ngokulanda uhlelo lokusebenza noma ngokuvakashela ku-https://www.snapchat.com/. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabantu basePanamani. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nezinye izinkundla zendawo ezibhekelela kakhulu inani labantu bezwe noma izintshisekelo zakho.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Panama iyizwe elitholakala eMelika Ephakathi futhi yaziwa ngendawo yalo yamasu, exhuma iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Inezinhlangano eziningana ezivelele zezimboni ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene yezomnotho. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni ePanama: 1. I-Chamber of Commerce, Industries, and Agriculture of Panama (CCIAP) - I-CCIAP imele amabhizinisi avela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, izinsizakalo, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.cciap.com/ 2. I-Association of Panamanian Banks (ABP) - I-ABP imele amabhange asebenza ePanama futhi isebenza ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwezezimali oluzinzile. Iwebhusayithi http://www.abpanama.com/ 3. I-National Association of Realtors (ANACOOP) - I-ANACOOP igxile ekumeleleni ochwepheshe bezindlu ezithengiswayo abathintekayo ekuthengisweni, ekuqashweni, kumaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa, ekuphathweni kwezakhiwo ePanama. Iwebhusayithi http://anacoop.net/ 4. I-Association of Insurance Companies (AAPI) - I-AAPI imele izinkampani zomshwalense ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwemakethe yasePanama futhi ihlose ukukhuthaza ukubeka izinto obala nobungcweti ngaphakathi komkhakha womshwalense. Iwebhusayithi https://www.panamaseguro.org/ 5. I-National Tourism Chamber (CAMTUR) - I-CAMTUR ikhuthaza imisebenzi yezokuvakasha efana namahhotela, abaqhubi bezokuvakasha, izindawo zokudlela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokukhula kwemboni yezokuvakasha. Iwebhusayithi: https://camturpanama.org/ 6. I-Shipping Chamber of Panama (CMP) - I-CMP imele izinkampani ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezokuthutha zasolwandle njengama-ejensi wamasevisi okubhaliswa kwemikhumbi noma abenzeli bemikhumbi ezweni lonke. Iwebhusayithi: https://maritimechamber.com/ 7. UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wokwakha (CNC)- I-CNC inomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula imisebenzi yokwakha kuyilapho ikhuthaza izindlela ezingcono kakhulu futhi ivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda esimeme. Iwebhusayithi http://cnc.panamaconnstruye.com/ Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje; kunezinye izinhlangano eziningi ezibhekelela imikhakha eyahlukene njengezolimo, izinhlangano zokukhiqiza amandla/ezisebenza kahle eziqondene nezimboni ezithile noma ubungcweti. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amawebhusayithi kanye nolwazi oluthile lungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukucinga ulwazi lwakamuva kakhulu lapho ludingeka.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene nePanama anama-URL awo afanele: 1. Umnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni (MICI) - www.mici.gob.pa Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni, ethuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, uhwebo lwangaphandle, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ePanama. 2. I-National Customs Authority (ANA) - www.ana.gob.pa Isizindalwazi se-National Customs Authority sinikeza ulwazi mayelana nemithethonqubo yentela, izinqubo, amanani entengo, kanye nemibhalo yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa ePanama. 3. IChamber of Commerce, Industries and Agriculture of Panama (CCIAP) - www.panacamara.com I-CCIAP ingenye yezinhlangano zebhizinisi ezinethonya kakhulu ePanama. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza izinsiza zosomabhizinisi, izibuyekezo zezindaba zebhizinisi, ikhalenda yemicimbi, amathuba okuxhumana, nezinsizakalo zamalungu. 4. I-Proinvex - proinvex.mici.gob.pa I-Proinvex iyisikhungo esikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali ngaphansi kwe-MICI esihlose ukuheha utshalomali lwangaphandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana kwePanama. Isizindalwazi sihlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi ngamathuba okutshala imali emikhakheni ehlukene kanye nemithetho nemithethonqubo efanele. 5. I-Ejensi Yokuphromotha Ukuthekelisa Nokukhanga Ukutshalwa Kwezimali (PROINVEX) - www.proinvex.mici.gob.pa/en/ Inguqulo yesiNgisi ye-PROINVEX inikeza abatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana namathuba okutshala izimali emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nempahla, izimboni zokukhiqiza, amaphrojekthi wezokuvakasha ngaphakathi kwePanama. 6. I-Panamaan Association of Business Executives (APEDE) - www.apede.org I-APEDE igxile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komnotho okusimeme ePanama ngezingqungquthela ezidingida izindaba ezikhona zamabhizinisi ezithinta intuthuko yezwe. Isayithi lihlanganisa izinsiza zebhizinisi eziwusizo ezifana nokushicilelwe okuvela ocwaningweni olwenziwa amalungu e-APEDE. 7. I-Banco Nacional de Panamá - bgeneral.com/bnp.html Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Banco Nacional de Panamá ihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nezinsiza zamabhange ezitholakala kumabhizinisi asebenza ngaphakathi ezweni kanye nemikhiqizo yezezimali eklanyelwe izidingo ezithile zezentengiso. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amawebhusayithi nama-URL angaphansi kokushintsha, ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi uqinisekise ukunemba kwale mithombo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba ePanama. Nalu uhlu lwabathile abavelele kanye nama-URL abo: 1. I-Statistical Institute of Panama (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo - INEC): Le webhusayithi esemthethweni kahulumeni ihlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo eziphelele kanye nolwazi mayelana nokungeniswa nokuthekeliswayo kwempahla ePanama. I-URL: https://www.inec.gob.pa/ 2. Umnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni (Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias - MICI): Iwebhusayithi ye-MICI iphinde inikeze idatha yezohwebo, okuhlanganisa imibiko yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amanani entengo, nemithethonqubo yentela. I-URL: https://www.mici.gob.pa/ 3. I-TradeMap: Iyisizindalwazi esiku-inthanethi esinakekelwa yi-International Trade Center (ITC), enikeza ukufinyelela ezibalweni zezohwebo ezinemininingwane yePanama kanye namanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. I-URL: https://www.trademap.org/ 4. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS): I-WITS inikeza inkundla yokuhlaziya uhwebo nokubona ngeso lengqondo, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela kudatha ye-Panama yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/PAN 5. I-GlobalTrade.net: Le nkundla ixhuma abathumeli bangaphandle nabangenisa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngemininingwane eqondene nezwe elithile ezimakethe, imithetho, abahlinzeki, kanye nabathengi ePanama. I-URL: https://www.globaltrade.net/c/c/Panama.html Lawa mawebhusayithi angaba izinsiza ezibalulekile zokuthola ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nokungeniswayo kwePanama, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, abalingani bokuhweba, amanani entengo, izinqubo zenkambiso phakathi kweminye imininingwane ehlobene ehlobene nokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ezweni.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Panama, njengezwe elise-Central America, inezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezibhekelela izidingo zebhizinisi. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B avelele ePanama kanye namawebhusayithi awo: 1. I-Soluciones Empresariales (https://www.soluciones-empresariales.net) ISoluciones Empresariales iyinkundla eku-inthanethi exhumanisa amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene ePanama. Inikeza izici ezinjengohlu lwemibhalo yebhizinisi, ikhathalogi yomkhiqizo, namathuluzi okuxhumana okusebenzelana kwe-B2B okungenazihibe. 2. I-Comercializadora Internacional de Productos (http://www.cipanama.com) I-Comercializadora Internacional de Productos (CIP) iyinkundla yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe esekelwe ePanama. Igxile ekuxhumaniseni abathengi nabahlinzeki emhlabeni jikelele ngokunikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo ezigabeni ezihlukene ezifana nogesi, impahla yasendlini, imishini, izindwangu, nokunye. 3. I-Panamá Chamber of Commerce (https://panacamara.org) I-Panamá Chamber of Commerce isebenza njengenkundla ye-B2B ekhuthaza amathuba okuhweba nokutshala imali ngaphakathi kwePanama. Ngewebhusayithi yabo, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuxhumana namanye amalungu egumbi futhi ahlole ukusebenzisana okungaba khona noma ubudlelwano. 4. Panjiva (https://panama.panjiva.com) I-Panjiva iyinkundla yezohwebo yomhlaba wonke ehlinzeka ngemininingwane yokungenisa nokuthekelisa yezinkampani ezifuna amathuba ebhizinisi emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba inganikezelwanga ngokuqondile emakethe yasePanama, inikeza ulwazi olunzulu ngabahlinzeki nabathengi ababandakanyeka emisebenzini yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe exhunywe ePanama. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala ePanama; kungase kube nezinye okufanele zihlolwe futhi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zemboni noma izindawo.
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