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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Zambia iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Afrika eseNingizimu. Izungezwe amazwe ayi-8, okuhlanganisa iTanzania enyakatho-mpumalanga, iMalawi empumalanga, iMozambique eningizimu-mpumalanga, iZimbabwe eningizimu, iBotswana neNamibia eningizimu-ntshonalanga, i-Angola ngasentshonalanga, neDemocratic Republic of Congo enyakatho. Inhloko-dolobha yaseZambia yiLusaka. Ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-752,612 (290,586 square miles), iZambia yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezihlukene. Izwe libuswa izinkangala eziwudedangendlale neziphakeme ezihlanganiswe nemifula namachibi amaningi. Umfula ogqame kakhulu eZambia uMfula iZambezi, nawo owakha umngcele wemvelo neZimbabwe. Inani labantu baseZambia lidlula abantu abayizigidi ezingu-19 abangamalungu ezizwe ezihlukahlukene njengamaBemba (isizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke), amaTonga, amaChewa, amaLozi namaLunda phakathi kwezinye. IsiNgisi saziwa njengolimi olusemthethweni kanye nezilimi zomdabu eziningi ezikhulunywa ezweni lonke. Ngokomnotho, iZambia ithembele kakhulu ezimayini zethusi njengoba inezindawo zokugcina zethusi ezibalulekile. Ezolimo nazo zineqhaza elibalulekile emnothweni wayo njengoba izitshalo ezinkulu kuba ummbila (ummbila), ugwayi, ukotini, namantongomane (amakinati). Ezokuvakasha zikhula kancane eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezindawo ezikhangayo ezifana neVictoria Falls - enye yezimpophoma ezinkulu emhlabeni ezabelwa phakathi kweZambia neZimbabwe - iziqiwu ezigcwele izilwane zasendle ezihlukahlukene njengezindlovu, obhejane, amabhubesi, nezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Kodwa-ke, iZambia ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa ubumpofu, ukungalingani kweholo eliphezulu, okuhambisana nokungafinyeleli okwanele ezikhungweni zezempilo; Nokho, uhulumeni ubelokhu enza imizamo yokwenza ngcono lezi zinkinga. I-Zambia ibilokhu yenza inqubekela phambili emikhakheni eyahlukene yezenhlalo-mnotho njengamazinga okubhaliswa kwezemfundo, ukufinyelela kwamantombazane, izinjongo zentuthuko eqhubekayo. Sengiphetha, iZambia ihlinzeka ngenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yobuhle bemvelo, amagugu acebile ngokwesiko, imboni yezimayini ephumelelayo, kanye nezilwane eziningi zasendle eziyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo kubo bobabili abavakashi nabatshalizimali ngokufanayo.
Imali Yezwe
IZambia, izwe elivalekile eningizimu ye-Afrika, isebenzisa i-Zambian Kwacha (ZMK) njengohlobo lwemali yalo esemthethweni. I-kwacha iphinde ihlukaniswe ngamangwee ayi-100. Le mali yethulwa ngo-1968 ukuze ithathe indawo yemali yangaphambili, iphawundi laseZambia. Eminyakeni edlule, iZambia iye yabhekana nokuguquguquka kwenani lemali yayo ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nezinselelo zomnotho. Ngaphambilini, ngaphambi kuka-2013, i-kwacha yayike yazijwayeza ukushintshwa kabusha lapho ama-zero ehliswa inani lawo ukuze kuliwe nezinga eliphezulu lokwehla kwamandla emali. Inani le-kwacha yaseZambia uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izimali ezinkulu lingahluka. Isibonelo, kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021, idola laseMelika elilodwa lilingana nama-kwacha angama-21 aseZambia. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa ashintshashintsha njalo futhi angase ashintshe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zomnotho zomhlaba kanye nezici zemakethe yendawo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokulawula ukuhlinzekwa kwezimali emnothweni waseZambia, iBhange LaseZambia lisebenza njengebhange elikhulu lezwe elibhekele ukukhipha nokulawula inqubomgomo yezimali. Abavakashi abavakashela eZambia kufanele bacabangele ukushintsha imali yabo yangaphandle ukuze bathole ama-kwacha aseZambia ezikhungweni zokuhwebelana ezigunyaziwe noma emabhange lapho befika. Amakhadi esikweletu nawo avame ukwamukelwa emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zokuvakasha; kodwa-ke, kuyatuseka ukuphatha imali ethile yezikhungo ezincane noma izindawo ezinokwamukelwa kwamakhadi okulinganiselwe. Sekukonke, njengezimali zamazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, isimo saseZambia mayelana nemali yayo singathonywa izici ezihlukahlukene zomnotho ezithinta ukubaluleka kwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimali zamazwe ngamazwe.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali yethenda esemthethweni yaseZambia yiZambian Kwacha (ZMW). Ngokolwazi lwakamuva olutholakalayo, izilinganiso zokushintshisana kwezinye zezimali ezinkulu cishe zingokulandelayo: I-US Dollar (USD) = 13.57 ZMW I-Euro eyi-1 (EUR) = 15.94 ZMW I-British Pound (GBP) = 18.73 ZMW Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zokushintshisana zingahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemakethe yokushintshiselana ngemali yangaphandle. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uhlole nomthombo onokwethenjelwa noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole amanani okushintshanisa akamuva kakhulu nanembile ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Zambia, izwe elivaliwe eNingizimu Afrika, igubha amaholide amaningana abalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi ibambe ukubaluleka kwamasiko nomlando kubantu besizwe. Ake ngethule kafushane amaholide amathathu abaluleke kakhulu eZambia. 1. Usuku Lokuzimela (24th October): IZambia igubha usuku lwayo lweNkululeko mhla zingama-24 kuMfumfu, ikhumbula usuku lwango-1964 lapho ithola inkululeko ekubusweni ngamakoloni aseBrithani. Leli holide likazwelonke liphawulwa ngemicimbi ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imibukiso, imibukiso yamasiko, amakhonsathi omculo, nezinkulumo ezinikezwa izikhulu zikahulumeni. Abantu bayabuthana bethakazelela ubukhosi besizwe sabo njalo becabangisisa ngemizamo yeZambia yokuthola uzibuse. 2. Usuku Lwabasebenzi (1 Meyi): Usuku Lwabasebenzi lugujwa mhla lu-1 kuNhlaba ukuhlonipha amagalelo abasebenzi emphakathini futhi kugqanyiswe amalungelo nezintshisekelo zabo. Kuyiholidi eliqhakambisa ukubaluleka kwenhlalakahle yabasebenzi ekwakheni isizwe esithuthukayo. Ngalolu suku, izinyunyana zihlela amarali namamashi zikhuthaza izimo zokusebenza ezingcono kuyilapho futhi zihlela imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa efana nemiqhudelwano yezemidlalo noma amapikiniki ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwano bomphakathi. 3. Usuku Lobumbano (18th July): Usuku Lobumbano lugujwa mhla zili-18 kuNtulikazi minyaka yonke ukubungaza izizwe ezahlukene zaseZambia ezihlala ngokuzwana njengesizwe esisodwa selokhu lathola uzibuse ngo-1964. Leli holidi lihlose ukukhuthaza ubunye besizwe kuyilapho kuhlonishwa futhi kwazisa amasiko anothile eZambia. Abantu babamba iqhaza emidansweni yesintu, imidlalo yomculo ekhombisa amasiko ezizwe ehlukene athonywa amaBemba, amaNyanja, amaTonga njll., okukhuthaza ukuhloniphana phakathi kwemiphakathi eyahlukene ehlala eZambia. Lawa maholide adlala indima ebalulekile hhayi nje kuphela ekuhlonipheni imicimbi noma izimiso ezibalulekile kodwa futhi nokuhlanganisa abantu baseZambia njengoba behlanganyela emikhosini eqinisa umuzwa wabo wokuzigqaja ngobuzwe kanye nobunye phakathi kokuhlukahlukana.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Zambia iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Afrika eseningizimu. Iyaziwa ngemithombo yayo yemvelo ecebile, kuhlanganise nethusi, i-cobalt, namanye amaminerali. Umnotho wezwe uthembele kakhulu emisebenzini yezimayini, ithusi okuyilona elihamba phambili emazweni angaphandle. Uhwebo lwaseZambia lubonakala ngokudayiswa kwempahla engavuthiwe namaminerali. Ithusi ne-cobalt zenza ingxenye enkulu yesamba esiphelele sokuthengiswa kwezwe, okunikela enzuzweni yalo yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zimbiwa zithunyelwa kakhulu emazweni afana neChina, Switzerland, India, South Africa, neJapan. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iZambia ibilokhu yenza imizamo yokuhlukanisa umnotho wayo nokunciphisa ukuthembela ekuthengeni ithusi kwamanye amazwe. Uhulumeni ubelokhu egqugquzela ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni efana nezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, ezokuvakasha, ezokukhiqiza amandla (okuhlanganisa nogesi ophehlwa ngamanzi), imboni yezokwakha kanye nomkhakha wezinsizakalo. Imikhiqizo yezolimo njengogwayi, okuphuma kumoba njengoshukela namamolasi; ummbila; amafutha adliwayo; ubhontshisi wesoya; u-flour kakulweni; inyama yenkomo; Izithelo ezintsha nemifino nakho kuyimpahla ebalulekile yokuthekelisa eZambia. Kodwa-ke, ibhalansi yohwebo eZambia ngokujwayelekile ibiyimbi ngenxa yokuncika kwamanye amazwe ezimpahleni ezikhiqiziwe okudala ukuphuma kwemali yangaphandle. Amazwe afana neNingizimu Afrika, i-China, i-United Arab Emirates, i-India, i-Saudi Arabia, i-Congo DR abe yimithombo ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla yase-Zambia okuhlanganisa izimoto; imishini; amafutha / iziqholo ezisekelwe ku-petroleum / izimonyo, usimende, imishini kagesi / ingxenye njll. Izivumelwano zohwebo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe eZambia.Iyingxenye yemiphakathi yezomnotho yesifunda efana neSouthern African Development Community (SADC)),Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) ehlinzeka ngokufinyelela kwezimakethe okukhethekile phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Ukwengeza, Z能够利用 GSP(Generalized System Preferences) 這一国际贸易安排。這种制度使得赞比亚的一些产品能够以较低的关关低关种，关安话，而促进了其贸易发展。 Sekukonke, isimo sokuhwebelana saseZambia sincike kakhulu emithonjeni yayo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukuthengiswa kwekhopha ne-cobalt. Izwe lenza imizamo yokwehlukanisa umnotho walo kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika kwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi liqinisekisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo emkhakheni wezohwebo.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Zambia iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Afrika eseningizimu. Inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zaseZambia yimithombo yayo yemvelo eningi, ikakhulukazi ithusi. Izwe lingelinye labakhiqizi abakhulu nabathumela kwamanye amazwe ikhopha e-Afrika, ibalwa nengxenye enkulu yemali engenayo ephuma ngaphandle. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sekhopha emhlabeni wonke, iZambia ingasebenzisa le nsiza ukuze ihehe abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe futhi yandise ukuhwebelana kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphandle kwethusi, iZambia inamanye amaminerali abalulekile njenge-cobalt, igolide namatshe ayigugu. Lezi zinsiza zinikeza amathuba okuhlukahluka kanye nokunwetshwa emikhakheni ehlukene yemakethe yomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iZambia inezimo ezikahle zezolimo ezivumela ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezihlukahlukene njengommbila, ugwayi, ukotini, ubhontshisi wesoya, umoba. Izwe linenzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa kwezolimo ngenxa yomhlaba ovundile nezimo zezulu ezifanele. Ngokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwezolimo nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulima zesimanje, iZambia ingathuthukisa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ezimakethe zesifunda nezamazwe ngamazwe. I-Zambia isendaweni ekahle esifundeni se-Southern African Development Community (SADC) futhi ikwazi ukufinyelela emazweni angomakhelwane njengeZimbabwe, iMozambique, iTanzania, iMalawi ehlinzeka ngamathuba amahle kakhulu okuhlanganiswa kwezohwebo kwesifunda. Ngokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha emingceleni kanye nokutshala izimali ezikhungweni zezokuthutha ezifana namachweba noma izikhumulo zezindiza ngaphakathi kwesifunda kungathuthukisa imisebenzi yohwebo oluwela imingcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseZambia usebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezihlose ukuheha abatshalizimali bangaphandle (FDI). Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlinzeka ngemali yentela kubatshalizimali, ukwethulwa kwezinguquko ezilungele amabhizinisi, kanye nokusungula izindawo zomnotho ezikhethekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amazwe aya ngokuya ehlola izimakethe ezintsha ngaphandle kwalabo abahwebelana nabo ngokwesiko. iminotho esafufusa njengeChina noma iNdiya. Kodwa-ke, iZambia isabhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokushoda kwengqalasizinda, njengemigwaqo, izitimela, kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi okungase kuphazamise ukuhamba kahle kwempahla ezindaweni ezikhiqizwayo. I-Zambia izodinga imizamo eqhubekayo evela kokubili ukusebenzisana komphakathi nezizimele ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda. Sengiphetha, iZambia inamandla amakhulu angakasetshenziswa emakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngemithombo yalo ehlukahlukene yemvelo, umkhakha wezolimo, indawo enamasu phakathi kwesifunda se-SADC, kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezivunayo, izwe lingaheha abatshalizimali abaningi bakwamanye amazwe futhi landise isizinda salo sokuthekelisa. Ukubhekana nezinselelo zengqalasizinda kuzoba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuvuleni ikhono eliphelele lokuhwebelana laseZambia.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekuhlonzeni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu emakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseZambia, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo ezithile zezwe, okuthandwayo, kanye nezimo zomnotho. Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezimbalwa zokukuqondisa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo: 1. Isidingo semakethe yocwaningo: Qala ngokucwaninga isidingo semakethe samanje eZambia. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlaziya izidingo kanye nezidingo zabathengi, kanye nezitayela ezivelayo kanye nezintandokazi. Gxila emikhakheni efana nezolimo, ezezimayini, ezokwakha, ezamandla, ezokuvakasha kanye nezokukhiqiza. 2. Qonda imikhawulo yokungenisa: Zijwayeze nemithethonqubo yokungenisa kanye nemikhawulo ebekwe uhulumeni waseZambia. Qinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo oyikhethile ithobela le mithetho ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingokomthetho. 3. Cabangela amakhono okukhiqiza wendawo: Linganisa ukuthi izimpahla ezifanayo zingakhiqizwa yini ekhaya noma uma likhona ithuba lokuba abakhiqizi basekhaya noma abahlinzeki bempahla bahlangabezane nesidingo semikhiqizo ethile. 4. Thola inzuzo yokuncintisana: Bheka imikhiqizo enikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana ngaphezu kweminikelo ekhona emakethe yaseZambia. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izici ezihlukile noma ikhwalithi ephezulu ngentengo yephuzu eliphusile. 5. Beka kuqala izimpahla ezibalulekile: Cabangela izidingo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokudla (okungonakali), izinto zokunakekelwa kwezempilo (imithi, izinto zokwelashwa), imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko (insipho, izihlanzisi zokuhlanza), nezinto zasendlini ezithengekayo ezinesidingo esingaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuguquguquka komnotho. 6. Izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo: Ngokukhula kokukhathazeka mayelana nokusimama kwemvelo e-Zambia, kunemakethe engase ibe khona yobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo njengamaphaneli elanga noma izinjini zomoya. 7. Hlakulela ubudlelwano namabhizinisi endawo: Uma usuwahlonze amathuba emikhiqizo engase ibe khona ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni nasekuhlaziyeni izici ezibalulwe ngenhla sebenzisana namabhizinisi endawo ukuze usekele ukukhula kwawo ngokungenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe noma ngokubambisana ngokwakha imigqa yemikhiqizo emisha elungele ukuthandwa ngabathengi baseZambia. Khumbula ukuthi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kubalulekile lapho ungena kunoma iyiphi imakethe yohwebo yangaphandle okuhlanganisa neZambia - zilungiselele ukushintsha ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo yakho ngokusekelwe empendulweni yabathengi kanye nokushintsha izidingo ezikhona emakethe.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
IZambia, eseNingizimu ne-Afrika, yaziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwayo kwamasiko nobuhle bemvelo. Njengoba kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-18, abantu baseZambia badume ngobungane nokwamukela izivakashi. Isici esibalulekile samakhasimende e-Zambia ukugcizelela kwabo ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu. Ukwakha ukwethembana nokusungula ukuxhumana namakhasimende kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni okuphumelelayo kwebhizinisi. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokuhlanganyela enkulumweni encane futhi ubonise isithakazelo sangempela ezimpilweni zabo kubonisa inhlonipho futhi kukhuthaza ubuhlobo obuhle. Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele siqashelwe ukwazisa ukubekezela nokuvumelana nezimo lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende aseZambia. Isikhathi singabonwa ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela evumelana nezimo phakathi nezingxoxo noma imihlangano njengoba ukubambezeleka kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili. Ukubonisa ukuqonda kuzosiza ekugcineni ubudlelwano obuhle namakhasimende aseZambia. Uma kukhulunywa ngezihloko ezingavumelekile noma ezibucayi okufanele zigwenywe phakathi nezingxoxo zebhizinisi, izindaba zezombusazwe kufanele kukhulunywe ngazo ngokuqapha. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungenakugwema ngenxa yentuthuko eqhubekayo noma izehlakalo zamanje, ukuveza imibono engathathi hlangothi kungavimbela ukungezwani noma ukona. Ukwengeza, ukuxoxa ngamasiko endabuko noma amasiko ngenhlonipho kungaholela ekuxoxisaneni okunenjongo namakhasimende aseZambia; nokho-ke, gwema ukuqagela ngezinkolelo zomuntu noma amasiko asekelwe kuphela kulokho okushiwo ngezwe. Okokugcina, ukwazi ngezithiyo zolimi ezingase zibe khona kanye nokulungisa ukuxhumana ngendlela efanele kuzosiza kakhulu ukusebenzisana namakhasimende aseZambia. Nakuba isiNgisi sikhulunywa kabanzi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni njengolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni zaseZambia kanye nezilimi zomdabu ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesiBemba nesiNyanja ezigxile ekubizeni amagama acacile kuyilapho ukugwema amagama ahlabayo kuzothuthukisa ukuqonda phakathi nezingxoxo. Ngokwazisa ukubaluleka kokwakha ubudlelwano obusekelwe ekwethembeni nasekuhlonipheni ukuzwela kwamasiko lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende aseZambia, amabhizinisi angakha ubudlelwano obuhlala njalo kuyilapho ezulazula ngempumelelo amasiko endawo.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
IZambia, izwe elivalekile eningizimu ye-Afrika, inemithetho ethile yamasiko nemithetho yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe okudingeka ilandelwe lapho ungena noma uphuma kulelo zwe. Ukuphathwa kweCustoms eZambia kuphethwe yiZambia Revenue Authority (ZRA). I ZRA ibona umsebenzi wokwengamela impahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe kanye lokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuqoqa imithelo, ukuvikela ukushushumbiswa kwabantu, kanye lokuqinisekisa ukuthi kulandelwa izivumelwano zokuthengiselana lamazwe ngamazwe. Lapho ungena e-Zambia, kuzodingeka ukuthi ugcwalise ifomu lesimemezelo sentela lapho umemezela noma yiziphi izinto zenani ofika nazo ezweni. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa leli fomu ngokweqiniso ukuze ugweme noma ibuphi ubunzima phakathi nokuvakasha kwakho. Kunemikhawulo ethile ezintweni ezingangeniswa noma zikhishwe eZambia. Ezinye izimpahla zingase zidinge izimvume noma ukukhokhwa kwentela yentela. Izinto ezinqatshelwe zihlanganisa izibhamu nezinhlamvu ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele, izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa, imali yomgunyathi noma izimpahla eziphula imithetho ye-copyright. Ukungeniswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kwamanye amazwe kungase kudinge izitifiketi zezilwane ezibonisa imigomo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi kunemikhawulo emalini yemali yangaphandle umuntu angayingenisa noma ayikhiphe eZambia. Uma uphethe imali engaphezu kuka-$5,000 (noma okulingana nayo) imali, kufanele imenyezelwe esikweni lapho ufika noma usuka. Lapho zisuka e-Zambia, abavakashi bangase bacele ukubuyiselwa imali nge-Value Added Tax (VAT) ekhokhelwa izimpahla ezifanele ezithengwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokusuka ezweni. Qinisekisa ukuthi ugcina wonke amarisidi asuka ekuthengeni kwakho njengoba azodingeka ezimangalweni zokubuyiselwa kwe-VAT kumakhawunta amisiwe ngaphambi kokuhamba. Uhulumeni waseZambia uthatha ngokungathi sína imithetho yentela; ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthobela yonke imithetho neziqondiso ezikhishwe yiziphathimandla lapho kungena noma ukuphuma esizweni. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungase kuphumele ekuhlawulisweni noma ekuthatheleni izinyathelo zomthetho. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uhlole inxusa lasendaweni yangakini ngaphambi kohambo ukuze uthole ulwazi olusha nganoma yiziphi izimfuneko eziphoqelelwe uhulumeni waseZambia mayelana nemithetho yangokwezifiso ukuze ungagcini uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezingadingekile phakathi nohambo lwakho.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Zambia, eseningizimu ye-Afrika, inomgomo othize wentela yezimpahla ezingena kuleli. Intela yokungenisa ezweni isho izintela ezikhokhiswayo emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa ezweni futhi iqoqwa izikhulu zentela lapho ingena. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa eZambia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo ongeniswayo. Ngokuvamile, izimpahla zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene ngamanani entela ahambisanayo. Lezi zigaba zihlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo ephakathi, izimpahla eziqediwe, nezinto zabathengi. Ngempahla esetshenziswayo kanye nemikhiqizo ephakathi ethathwa njengebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya noma ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, intela ephansi yentela engenayo noma ukukhululwa kungase kunikezwe ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kanye nokukhula komnotho. Le nqubomgomo ihlose ukunciphisa ukuthembela ezimpahleni eziphelile ezingenisiwe ngenkathi ikhuthaza ukuzimela ezimbonini ezithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisebenzi ephezulu yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ivamise ukubekwa ezimpahleni eziqediwe ezingakhiqizwa ekhaya. Le ndlela ivikela izimboni zakuleli ekuqhudelaneni nezinto zangaphandle ezishibhile futhi ikhuthaza abathengi ukuthi bathenge imikhiqizo eyenziwe kuleli. Ngokungeziwe kule misebenzi evamile yokungenisa esekelwe ekuhlukaniseni umkhiqizo ngezigaba, kungase kube nezintela ezengeziwe ezifana nentela ye-value-added tax (VAT) esebenza endaweni yokungena. I-VAT ivamise ukukhokhiswa njengephesenti yenani eliphelele lezimpahla ezingenisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Zambia ngezikhathi ezithile ibuyekeza izinqubomgomo zayo zentela ukuze ivumelane nezimo zezomnotho ezishintshayo kanye nezivumelwano zokuhwebelana namanye amazwe noma izigatshana zesifunda ezifana ne-COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kubathengisi noma abantu abafuna ulwazi mayelana nentela ethile yokungenisa izimpahla zabo ukuze baxhumane nezinhlaka zikahulumeni ezifanele ezifana neziphathimandla zentela noma izinhlangano zohwebo. Le ncazelo emfushane ihlinzeka ngesifinyezo sendlela ejwayelekile yaseZambia mayelana nokungenisa impahla kanye nezinqubomgomo zayo zentela ezihambisana nayo. Ukuze uthole imininingwane egcwele mayelana nezigaba zemikhiqizo ethile noma izibuyekezo zakamuva ohlelweni lwentela olwamukelwa yi-Zambia, kunconywa ukuthi ubhekisele emithonjeni esemthethweni noma uxhumane nochwepheshe abajwayelene nemithetho yezwe yamanje.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
IZambia, izwe elivalekile elise-Afrika eseNingizimu, inomnotho ohlukene othembele kakhulu emikhakheni edayisa ngaphandle. Izimpahla zezwe ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zingaphansi kwezinqubomgomo ezithile zentela ezihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho nokuvikela izimboni zakuleli. I-Zambia isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Value Added Tax (VAT) ezimpahleni nasezinsizeni zayo eziningi, okuhlanganisa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile okwamanje lisethwe ku-16%. Izimpahla ezikhiqizwe ngaphandle ezikhiqizwe ezweni ngokuvamile azikalwa ngeqanda ngezinjongo ze-VAT, okusho ukuthi azikhokhiswa izintela zasekhaya ukuze kukhuthazwe uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iZambia isebenza ngaphansi kombuso weCommon External Tariff (CET) njengelungu leSouthern African Customs Union (SACU). Le nqubomgomo iqinisekisa ukukhokhiswa kwentela okufanayo kanye nezintela ezithengwayo emazweni angamalungu afana neNingizimu Afrika, iNamibia, iSwaziland, iLesotho, neBotswana. Ihlose ukwakha inkundla yokudlala yamabhizinisi ngokuvimbela ukungalingani kwezohwebo okubangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlaka zentela. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuvela e-Zambia kungase kube ngaphansi kwezinhlawulo ezihlukahlukene zokuthumela ngaphandle kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo othunyelwayo. Isibonelo, amaminerali afana nekhopha ne-cobalt angenisa intela yokuthekelisa ngokususelwa enanini lemakethe noma umthamo othunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zintela zisiza ukungenisela uhulumeni imali ngesikhathi elawula ukuthunyelwa kwemithombo yemvelo ebalulekile. Ngaphezu kwezinqubomgomo zentela eziqondene nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, i-Zambia iphinde inikeze ezinye izikhuthazo ezihloselwe ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokukhuthaza imikhakha yokuthekelisa okungeyona eyendabuko. Osomabhizinisi abahileleke kwezolimo noma izimboni zokukhiqiza bangase bazuze emazingeni ancishisiwe entela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi noma ukukhululwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuthi abadayisi abasebenza e-Zambia bahlale benolwazi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko noma izichibiyelo ezenziwe iziphathimandla ezifanele mayelana nezinqubomgomo zentela eziphathelene nemikhiqizo yabo ethile noma umkhakha wemboni. Ukuqonda le mithetho kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi azulazule esimweni sentela esiyinkimbinkimbi kuyilapho ekhulisa inzuzo phakathi kwezimakethe zawo ezihlukene phesheya.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Zambia, izwe elivalekile elise-Afrika eseningizimu, inezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezidinga isitifiketi esifanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Zambia sigqugquzelwa kakhulu yi-Zambia Bureau of Standards (ZABS) nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni ezifanele. Omunye wemikhiqizo emikhulu evela eZambia yithusi. Njengomunye wabakhiqizi bethusi abakhulu kakhulu e-Afrika, iZambia iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwethusi kwamanye amazwe kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yamazwe ngamazwe ngezitifiketi ezihlukahlukene. I-ZABS ihlinzeka ngezinkonzo zesitifiketi ezifana ne-ISO 9001 yezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi kanye ne-ISO 14001 yezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemvelo. Ngaphandle kwethusi, iZambia iphinde ithumele kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yezolimo njengogwayi, ummbila, ubhontshisi wesoya nekhofi. Ukuze kusekelwe lokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kungase kudingeke izitifiketi ezihlobene nokuphepha kokudla kanye nokulima okuphilayo. I-ZABS ihlinzeka ngezitifiketi ezifana ne-HACCP (I-Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) yezinhlelo zokulawula ukuphepha kokudla kanye ne-Organic Certification yemikhiqizo ephilayo. Ngaphezu kwempahla, iZambia iphinde ibe nomkhakha wezokukhiqiza okhulayo okhiqiza izimpahla eziqediwe njengezindwangu, imikhiqizo yesikhumba, amakhemikhali, nemishini. Lezi zinto zingase zidinge izitifiketi ezithile ngokuya ngezimakethe ezihlosiwe noma izimboni ezizihlinzekayo. Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwendwangu kwamanye amazwe kungase kudinge ukunamathela ku-Oeko-Tex Standard 100 eqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinto eziyingozi ezikhona ezindwangu. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle baseZambia bathole izitifiketi ezifanele zomkhiqizo othize hhayi kuphela ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamazwe ngamazwe kodwa futhi bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwabo ezimakethe emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa abathengi abangaba abathengi ngamaleveli ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokubambelela kumazinga omhlaba. Sekukonke, ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle kusiza ukuvikela isithunzi sase-Zambia njengomhlinzeki onokwethenjelwa wezimpahla zekhwalithi ephezulu kuyilapho kukhuthazwa amathuba ohwebo namanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Zambia iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Afrika eseningizimu. Naphezu kwezinselelo zalo zezindawo, izwe lenze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni inethiwekhi yezokuthutha ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana nokukhula komnotho. Indlela eyinhloko yokuthutha impahla eZambia ezokuthutha zomgwaqo. Uxhaxha lwemigwaqo luhlanganisa amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-91,000, luxhuma amadolobha amakhulu namadolobhana ezweni lonke. Umgwaqo Omkhulu waseNyakatho usebenza njengendawo yokuthutha ebalulekile, exhumanisa iZambia neDemocratic Republic of Congo kanye neTanzania. Ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iZambia inamachweba amaningana abalulekile wokungena. Ichweba lase-Dar es Salaam e-Tanzania livame ukusetshenziselwa ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ngempahla yolwandle. Ukusuka lapho, izimpahla zingathuthwa ngomgwaqo noma ngesitimela ziye ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kweZambia. Imigwaqo yasemanzini emaphakathi nezwe nayo idlala indima ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ngaphakathi ezweni. Umfula iZambezi usebenza njengomzila wamanzi omkhulu wokuthutha imithwalo eningi efana namaminerali kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela yokuthutha ingase ingafaneleki kuzo zonke izinhlobo zempahla ngenxa yemikhawulo yokuhamba. Uhlelo lukaloliwe lwaseZambia ludlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lula ukuhwebelana kwesifunda. I-Tanzania-Zambia Railway (TAZARA) isebenza phakathi kwe-Kapiri Mposhi emaphakathi ne-Zambia kanye nechweba lase-Dar es Salaam e-Tanzania, inikeza enye indlela yokuthutha yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nemizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuxhuma emoyeni eZambia. I-Kenneth Kaunda International Airport e-Lusaka iyisikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni futhi sisebenza njengesizinda esibalulekile sezinsizakalo zezindiza zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Uma ucubungula izinketho zezokuthutha ngaphakathi kwe-Zambia, kuyancomeka ukusebenzisana nezinkampani ezimisiwe zendawo ezinolwazi lokuzulazula ezinseleleni zengqalasizinda zezwe. Lezi zinkampani zingahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezihambisanayo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile ezifana nokuzwela isikhathi noma uhlobo lwempahla. Sekukonke, nakuba iZambia ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile ngenxa yokuvaleleka kwayo, isisungule uxhaxha lwemigwaqo olubanzi kanye nokungena emachwebeni ngokuxhumanisa amazwe angomakhelwane okusiza ukuthuthwa kwempahla. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuthutha ezitholakalayo kanye nokusebenzisana nozakwethu abathembekile bezokuthutha, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuzulazula ngempumelelo indawo yezokuthutha yaseZambia.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Zambia iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Afrika eseningizimu. Yaziwa ngezinsiza zayo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ithusi, i-cobalt, nemikhiqizo yezolimo efana nommbila, ugwayi, umoba. Ngenxa yalokho, kunemigudu eminingana ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo enomthelela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wayo. Omunye wemigudu ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe eZambia umkhakha wezimayini. Izimbiwa ezicebile zezwe ziheha abathengi abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela ezimbonini ezifana nemishini yezimayini, imishini, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinsizakalo. Laba bathengi bavame ukusebenzisana nezinkampani zakuleli ezibambe iqhaza ekumbiweni kwezimbiwa ezifana nekhopha ne-cobalt. Omunye umkhakha obalulekile eziteshini zokuthengwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke eZambia owezolimo. Umhlabathi ovundile waleli lizwe usekela imisebenzi yezolimo eyahlukene eheha abathengi emhlabeni wonke abafuna izinto ezifana nommbila, ugwayi, ubhontshisi wesoya noma amahlamvu etiye kubaphakeli baseZambia. Imibukiso yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eyisipesheli kwezamabhizinisi ezolimo inikeza inkundla enhle kakhulu yokuxhumana nokuhlola amathuba ebhizinisi angaba khona kulo mkhakha. IZambia iphinde isingathe imibukiso eyahlukene yezohwebo ekhombisa inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo evela emikhakheni eyahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo: 1. I-Zambia International Trade Fair (ZITF): Lo mbukiso waminyaka yonke ubanjelwa edolobheni laseNdola futhi uheha abakhangisi abaqhamuka eZambia kuphela kodwa nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika nangale kwayo. Ihlanganisa izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezokukhiqiza, imishini yezolimo nokuphepha kwemishini nezisombululo zokuphepha izimpahla zabathengi be-elekthronikhi njll., ihlinzeka ngenkundla yawo womabili amabhizinisi endawo ukuze axhumane nama-ejenti wokuthenga amazwe ngamazwe. 2. I-Copperbelt Mining Trade Expo & Conference (CBM-TEC): Lo mcimbi ugxile embonini yezimayini ngokuhlanganisa ababambiqhaza ababalulekile abahlanganisa ochwepheshe bezimayini abahlinzeki bezimayini abahlinzeki bezeluleko onjiniyela izikhulu zikahulumeni njll., ukudingida izixazululo zezinselelo ezintsha nokunye. Unikeza ithuba ukuze amabhizinisi abambe iqhaza ekumbiweni kwezimbiwa noma ezinsizakalweni ze-supply chain ukuze axhumane nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. 3 Foodex Zambia: Njengomunye wemibukiso emikhulu yokudla obanjwa minyaka yonke e-Lusaka City eqhakambisa amandla okuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo yaseZambia lapho abathengisi abaningi abasebenzisana nama-agro-processors bekhombisa ngemikhiqizo yabo esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze bahehe abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bakhuthaza uhwebo olubalulekile emkhakheni wezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseZambia uye wazama ngenkuthalo ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe nokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana. Basungule ama-ejensi afana ne-Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) esiza kokubili amabhizinisi asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe ekufinyeleleni amathuba okuthenga, ukuhlonza abangaba ozakwethu, kanye nokuzulazula izidingo zokulawula. Lezi zikhungo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nabaphakeli baseZambia. Sengiphetha, iZambia inikeza imigudu eminingana ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa imikhakha efana nezimayini nezolimo. Imibukiso yezohwebo efana ne-ZITF, CBM-TEC, kanye neFoodex Zambia inikeza izinkundla zokubukisa ngemikhiqizo kanye nokusungula ukuxhumana nabathengi bomhlaba. Imizamo kahulumeni yokusiza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe iqhubekisela phambili la mathuba kumabhizinisi asekhaya kanye nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abanentshisekelo yokuthola usizo oluvela eZambia.
E-Zambia, izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka i-Google, i-Bing, ne-Yahoo. Lezi zinjini zokusesha zihlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi futhi zibhekelele izintshisekelo nezidingo ezahlukahlukene. Nawa amawebhusayithi okufinyelela lezi zinjini zokusesha: 1. Google: www.google.com - I-Google ingenye yezinjini zokusesha ezaziwa kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Inikeza uhla olubanzi lwemiphumela yosesho, okuhlanganisa amakhasi ewebhu, izithombe, amavidiyo, izihloko zezindaba, amamephu, nokunye okuningi. 2. I-Bing: www.bing.com - I-Bing futhi iyinjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu ehlinzeka abasebenzisi ngemiphumela efanele ngokusekelwe emibuzweni yabo. Inikeza ukusesha kwewebhu kanye nezici ezifana nokusesha izithombe, ukusesha kwevidiyo, izindatshana zezindaba, ukuhlanganiswa kwamamephu okuxhaswe yi-Microsoft. 3. Yahoo: www.yahoo.com - I-Yahoo ingenye injini yokusesha edumile enikezela ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengokusebenza kokusesha iwebhu kanye nezinsizakalo ze-imeyili (Yahoo Mail), izibuyekezo zezindaba ezivela emithonjeni evelele (Yahoo News), izibikezelo zesimo sezulu (Isimo Sezulu Se-Yahoo), isibuyekezo sezemidlalo (Yahoo Sports), okuqukethwe kokuzijabulisa (Yahoo Entertainment), njll. Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi nakuba lezi zintathu ziphakathi kwezisetshenziswa kakhulu eZambia nasezimakethe zomhlaba wonke; kukhona okunye okukhethwa kukho okuyisipesheli noma kwasendaweni okutholakala e-Zambia futhi - nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi zaziwa kakhulu noma zisetshenziswe. Qaphela ukuthi ukukhetha injini yokusesha oyikhethayo ekugcineni kuncike ekuthandeni komuntu siqu mayelana nesipiliyoni sokuklama isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi noma izici ezithile ezinikezwa yinkundla ngayinye.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Zambia, izinkomba zamakhasi aphuzi ziyi: 1. I-ZamYellow: Lolu uhla lwemibhalo lwe-inthanethi oluhlanganisa izimboni nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene e-Zambia. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi lokuxhumana, amakheli, nezincazelo zamabhizinisi ezweni lonke. Isizindalwazi seZamYellow sithi www.zamyellow.com. 2. I-Yellow Pages Zambia: Olunye uhla lwemibhalo lwamakhasi aphuzi oludumile ezweni yi-Yellow Pages Zambia. Inikeza uhlu lwamabhizinisi olususelwe embonini yawo, indawo, nezinye izigaba. Ungathola imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nezinkampani kanye nemininingwane yazo yokuxhumana kuwebhusayithi yazo ethi www.yellowpageszambia.com. 3. I-FindaZambia: I-FindaZambia iyinkomba ye-inthanethi ehlinzeka ngolwazi lokuxhumana lwamabhizinisi asebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezolimo, ezokwakha, ezemfundo, ezokuvakasha, ezokunakekelwa kwezempilo nokunye okuningi eZambia. Isizindalwazi sabo singatholakala ku-www.findazambia.com. 4. I-BizPages Zambia: I-BizPages iwuhlu oluhamba phambili lwamabhizinisi olugxile kakhulu kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) ezweni. Ihlanganisa izinkampani ezivela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izitolo zokudayisa, izindawo zokudlela namabha, ama-ejensi wezezindlu, abadayisi bezimoto phakathi kokunye. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.bizpages.org/zm. Lezi zinhla zemibhalo zamakhasi aphuzi zisebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile zokuthola oxhumana nabo ababalulekile bebhizinisi noma abahlinzeki besevisi ngaphakathi kwezimakethe ezihlukene zaseZambia.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

E-Zambia, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo ze-e-commerce ezibhekelela izidingo zabathengi abaku-inthanethi. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce ezweni: 1. I-Jumia Zambia - I-Jumia ingenye yezikhondlakhondla ze-e-commerce e-Afrika etholakala emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa neZambia. Inkundla inikezela ngemikhiqizo eminingi evela ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-electronics, imfashini, ubuhle, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, ama-smartphone, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi: www.jumia.co.zm 2. I-Zamart - i-Zamart iyindawo yemakethe ye-inthanethi edumile e-Zambia. Ihlinzeka ngenkundla yabathengisi ukuthi babonise imikhiqizo yabo futhi abathengi bayithenge kalula ku-inthanethi. Inkundla inikeza izinto ezihlukahlukene kusukela ezimpahleni nasezinsizeni kuya ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini nezinto zikagesi. Iwebhusayithi: www.zamart.com 3. I-Krafula Online Shop - I-Krafula iyinkundla ye-e-commerce evelayo e-Zambia egxile ekuhlinzekeni imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ngamanani athengekayo kumakhasimende ayo. Ihlinzeka ngezigaba zomkhiqizo ezahlukahlukene njengezingubo zemfashini, izinto zikagesi, imikhiqizo yobuhle, izinto zezingane, i-kitchenware, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi: www.krafulazambia.com 4. I-ShopZed - I-ShopZed iyisitolo se-inthanethi e-Zambia esisiza amakhasimende ukuthi athenge kalula ngokunikeza izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ngamanani ancintisanayo kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukene njengezingubo zemfashini/izinsiza, amagajethi/izinto zikagesi, izinto ezibalulekile zasekhaya/ikhishi, kanye nezinto zokunakekela umuntu/izimonyo. Iwebhusayithi: www.shopzed.lixa.tech 5 Isitolo se-Hemp saseZambia - Le nkundla ethile ye-e-commerce igxile emikhiqizweni esekwe ku-hemp kusukela ezimpahleni ezenziwe ngemicu ye-hemp kuya kwezithasiselo zezempilo ezenziwe ngezikhishwe ze-hemp. iwebhusayithi: zambianhempstore.com Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje; kungase kube namanye amapulatifomu amancane noma aqondene ne-niche atholakalayo nasemakethe yaseZambia.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

E-Zambia, kunezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa esezithole ukuthandwa phakathi kwezakhamizi zakhona. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezivame ukusetshenziswa eZambia kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): Njengenye yezingosi zokuxhumana ezidumile emhlabeni wonke, i-Facebook inesizinda somsebenzisi esibalulekile eZambia futhi. Abasebenzisi bangakha amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, bajoyine amaqembu noma amakhasi mayelana nezinto abazithandayo, futhi babelane ngokuqukethwe okufana nezithombe namavidiyo. 2. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter isetshenziswa kakhulu abantu baseZambia ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela nezingxoxo ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene. Abasebenzisi bangalandela ama-akhawunti anentshisekelo kubo, babelane ngemilayezo emifushane eyaziwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets," bathumele kabusha okuqukethwe okuvela kwabanye, bazibandakanye nezihloko ezithrendayo besebenzisa ama-hashtag (#), futhi babambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni. 3. I-WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): I-WhatsApp iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo oludumile e-Zambia oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imibhalo, benze izingcingo zezwi noma zevidiyo, babelane ngamafayela afana nemibhalo noma izithombe ngasese noma ezingxoxweni zamaqembu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kukho kokubili ukuxhumana komuntu siqu phakathi kwabangane nomndeni kanye nezingxoxo ezihlobene nebhizinisi. 4. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram iyinkundla yezokuxhumana esekelwe ezibukweni lapho abasebenzisi bangalayisha khona izithombe noma amavidiyo amafushane ukuze babelane nabalandeli babo. Abantu baseZambia basebenzisa le nkundla ukuze babonise amakhono abo okuthatha izithombe, bakhuthaze amabhizinisi/imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo ngokudala okuqukethwe okubukwayo. 5. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn iyisizindalwazi sokuxhumana nabantu esisetshenziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe baseZambia ukuze baxhumane nozakwabo kanye nochwepheshe emikhakheni abayithakaselayo noma yemboni. Isebenza njengokuqhubeka okuku-inthanethi lapho abantu bengagqamisa isizinda sabo semfundo, ulwazi lomsebenzi kuyilapho bebavumela ukuthi balandele izinkampani/izinhlangano abazithandayo. 6. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com): I-YouTube isiye yaduma kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi e-Zambia ngenxa yeqoqo layo elikhulu lamavidiyo asukela kumavidiyo omculo kuya kwezemfundo noma okuqukethwe kokuzijabulisa okuvela kubadali abahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. 7.TikTok( www.tiktok.com) : I-TikTok isizuze ukuduma okukhulu entsheni yase-Zambia, eyivumela ukuthi idale futhi yabelane ngamavidiyo amafushane okudala. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukuduma nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinkundla kungase kwehluke kubantu ngabanye namaqembu eminyaka yobudala, kodwa lezi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Zambia.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

E-Zambia, kunezinhlangano eziningi zezimboni ezinkulu ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene yezomnotho. Nalu uhlu lwezinye izinhlangano ezivelele zezimboni kanye nezixhumanisi zazo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Zambia Association of Manufacturers (ZAM): I-ZAM imele umkhakha wezokukhiqiza e-Zambia, ikhuthaza ukukhula kwayo kanye nokumela izinqubomgomo ezizuzisa abakhiqizi. Iwebhusayithi: https://zam.co.zm/ 2. I-Zambia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ZACCI): I-ZACCI iyinhlangano yamabhizinisi ehamba phambili e-Zambia, esebenzela ukwenza lula amathuba okuhweba nokutshala izimali, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokweseka amabhizinisi emikhakheni eyahlukene. Iwebhusayithi https://www.zacci.co.zm/ 3. I-Bankers Association of Zambia (BAZ): I-BAZ yinhlangano ehlanganisa amabhange ezentengiselwano asebenza eZambia, ngenhloso yokukhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamabhange angamalungu kanye nokufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamabhange. Iwebhusayithi http://www.baz.org.zm/ 4. I-Tourism Council of Zambia (TCZ): I-TCZ imele umkhakha wezokuvakasha eZambia, igxile ekukhuthazeni izinqubo ezisimeme zezokuvakasha kanye nokumela izinqubomgomo ezizuzisa ukukhula nentuthuko yemboni. Iwebhusayithi http://tourismcouncilofzambia.com/ 5. I-Mineworkers Union of Zambia (MUZ): I-MUZ imele abasebenzi emkhakheni wezimayini mayelana nokuvikela amalungelo abo, inhlalakahle, kanye nezimfuno zabo ngenkathi ifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwemboni yezimayini eZambia. Iwebhusayithi http://www.muz-zambia.org/ 6. I-Agricultural Producers Association of Zamiba (APAZ): I-APAZ imele abalimi nabakhiqizi bezolimo emikhakheni ehlukene ehlanganisa ukulima kwezitshalo, ukufuywa kwemfuyo njll., esebenzela ukudala indawo ekahle ukuze amabhizinisi asekelwe kwezolimo aphumelele. Iwebhusayithi: N/A Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu hlu aluphelele njengoba kungase kube nezinye izinhlangano zezimboni ezincane noma eziqondene ne-niche ezisebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Nawa amawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo eZambia: 1. I-Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) - Isizindalwazi esisemthethweni se-ZDA, esithuthukisa amathuba otshalomali futhi sinikeze ulwazi ngokwenza ibhizinisi eZambia. Iwebhusayithi https://www.zda.org.zm/ 2. I-Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) - I-ZRA ibhekene nomsebenzi wokuqoqa imali egameni likahulumeni waseZambia. Isizindalwazi sihlinzeka ngolwazi lwentela, amasiko, nezinye izindaba ezihlobene. Iwebhusayithi https://www.zra.org.zm/ 3. I-Lusaka Stock Exchange (LuSE) - Iwebhusayithi ye-LuSE inikeza ulwazi mayelana nezidingo zokufakwa ohlwini, imisebenzi yokuhweba, kanye nedatha yemakethe kubatshalizimali abathanda isitoko saseZambia. Iwebhusayithi https://www.luse.co.zm/ 4. Umnyango Wezohwebo, Wezohwebo Nezimboni - Lo mnyango wengamela izinqubomgomo zezohwebo, imithethonqubo, namasu okukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho eZambia. Isizindalwazi sabo siqukethe ulwazi oluwusizo lwamabhizinisi endawo nawamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.mcti.gov.zm/ 5. IBhange LaseZambia (BoZ) - Njengebhange elikhulu lezwe, iwebhusayithi ye-BoZ inikeza imininingwane ngezinqubomgomo zezimali, amanani okushintshaniswa kwemali, imibiko yokuzinza kwezezimali, kanye nezibalo zezomnotho. Iwebhusayithi https://www.boz.zm/ 6. Ihhovisi Lezibalo Ezimaphakathi (CSO) - I-CSO iqoqa izibalo ezihlukahlukene ezisemthethweni ezibonisa izici ezihlukene zentuthuko yenhlalakahle yezomnotho e-Zambia njengedatha yabantu noma amazinga okukhula kwe-GDP. Iwebhusayithi http://cso.gov.zm/ 7. I-Investrust Bank Plc - Elinye lamabhange ezentengiselwano azinze eZambia elihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zamabhange ezinkampani ukuze lisekele amabhizinisi asebenza emnothweni wezwe. Iwebhusayithi https://investrustbank.co.zm/ 8. I-First National Bank (FNB) - I-FNB iphinde ibe neqhaza elikhulu emkhakheni wamabhange ezentengiselwano eZambia ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zezezimali ezihlukahlukene kubantu ngabanye kanye nakumakhasimende ezinkampani. Iwebhusayithi https://www.fnbbank.co.zm/ Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibalulekile kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yokuqonda isimo sezomnotho nezohwebo saseZambia kanye nabantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ahlola amathuba okutshala imali angenzeka ezweni.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo eZambia. Nazi ezine zazo kanye nezixhumanisi zazo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) Trade Portal: Iwebhusayithi http://www.zda.org.zm/trade-portal/ I-ZDA Trade Portal ihlinzeka ngenkundla ephelele yokufinyelela ulwazi oluhlobene nohwebo, okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngomkhiqizo, izwe, kanye nomkhakha waseZambia. 2. Isizindalwazi se-UN Comtrade: Iwebhusayithi: https://comtrade.un.org/ Isizindalwazi se-UN Comtrade Database sihlinzeka ngemininingwane eminingi yohwebo emazweni ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa neZambia. Abasebenzisi bangasesha futhi bathole ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezinto ezithengwayo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngesigaba sempahla. 3. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): Iwebhusayithi https://wits.worldbank.org/ I-WITS inikeza ukufinyelela kudatha yohwebo lwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe evela emithonjeni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), iBhange Lomhlaba, i-WTO, neminye. Abasebenzisi bangahlola amaphethini okuhweba aseZambia ngezibalo ezinemininingwane. 4. I-Global Trade Atlas: Iwebhusayithi: https://appsource.microsoft.com/en-us/product/web-apps/globaltradatlas.global_trade_atlas IGlobal Trade Atlas iyisizindalwazi esibanzi esenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuhlaziya imisebenzi yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa emhlabeni jikelele. Ihlanganisa amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa neZambia, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane ejulile mayelana nokusebenza kohwebo kwemikhakha eyahlukene. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokufinyeleleka kungase kwehluke njengoba lawa mawebhusayithi athembele ekubuyekezweni okufika ngesikhathi okuvela ezinhlanganweni noma izikhungo ezibophezelekile ekuhlanganiseni idatha yezibalo zohwebo.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-Zambia, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B (Ibhizinisi-kuya-Ibhizinisi) ezixhumanisa amabhizinisi kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana ezweni. Ngezansi amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B avelele e-Zambia kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-eMarketplace yaseZambia (www.zem.co.zm): Le nkundla yenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukukhombisa imikhiqizo, izinsiza, namathuba ebhizinisi. Inikeza inkomba ephelele yezinkampani futhi inikeza inkundla yokuxhumana. 2. I-ZamLoop (www.zamloop.com): I-ZamLoop iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi ehlanganisa abathengi nabathengisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene e-Zambia. Kwenza kube lula ukuhweba ngokuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abhale ohlwini lwemikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zawo, okwenza kube lula kubathengi abangase bakwazi ukuzithola. 3. I-TradeKey Zambia (zambia.tradekey.com): I-TradeKey iyindawo yemakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-B2B enezigaba ezithile ezinikelwe emazweni ahlukene, okuhlanganisa ne-Zambia. Lapha, amabhizinisi aseZambia angakha uhlu lwemikhiqizo futhi aseshe abangaba ozakwethu bebhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele. 4. I-Yellow Pages Zambia (www.yellowpagesofafrica.com/zambia/): Nakuba ngokuyinhloko yaziwa njengensizakalo yohla lwemibhalo, i-Yellow Pages iphinde isebenze njengenkundla ye-B2B lapho izinkampani zingakhangisa ngemikhiqizo namasevisi azo ngohlu olunemininingwane. 5. Kupatana (zambia.kupatana.com): I-Kupatana yisizindalwazi esihlukaniswa ku-inthanethi esivumela amabhizinisi aseZambia ukuthi akhangise ngemikhiqizo yawo noma izinsiza ezithengiswayo noma eziqashwayo. Ipulatifomu ixhuma abathengi bendawo ngqo nabathengisi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. 6. I-TradeFord Zambia (zambia.tradeford.com): I-TradeFord ihlinzeka ngendawo yemakethe ye-B2B eqondiswe ngokukhethekile ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle baseZambia/abangenisa kwamanye amazwe noma abakhiqizi/abathengisi bezitolo nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe. 7. I-Bizcommunity Africa - Zambia Focus Section (www.bizcommunity.africa/184/414.html): I-Bizcommunity Africa ihlinzeka ngezindaba, ulwazi, kanye nemininingwane mayelana nemikhakha eyahlukene e-Afrika yonkana ngokusebenzisa ingxenye yayo egxile ebhizinisini laseZambia. Lawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala eZambia. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinkundla eziku-inthanethi, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo nabangase babe abalingani, abathengi, nabahlinzeki bempahla, ekugcineni akhuthaze ukuhweba nokukhula ngaphakathi eZambia.
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