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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Turkmenistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yiRiphabhulikhi yaseTurkmenistan, iyizwe elise-Central Asia. Inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyisi-6 futhi yabelana ngemingcele yayo neKazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, kanye noLwandle lweCaspian. I-Turkmenistan yathola inkululeko ku-Soviet Union ngo-1991 futhi selokhu yamukela uhlelo lukamongameli. Umongameli wamanje, uGurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, usephathe kusukela ngo-2007. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yi-Ashgabat. Umnotho waseTurkmenistan uncike kakhulu ezinqolobaneni zawo ezinkulu zegesi yemvelo. Ingomunye wabakhiqizi begesi yemvelo abakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ethunyelwa kakhulu emazweni afana neChina neRussia. Ezolimo nazo zineqhaza elibalulekile emnothweni njengoba ukotini ungesinye sezitshalo zakhona ezinkulu. I-Turkmenistan inezindawo ezihlukene kusukela ezingwadule ezinkulu kuya kwezintaba. Ugwadule lwaseKarakum luhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yendawo yalo kuyilapho i-Kopet Dag isebenza njengendawo evelele yezintaba zezwe. Lezi zici zokuma kwezwe zinikeza amathuba okuvakasha kwe-adventure njengokuhamba ngezinyawo kanye ne-desert safaris. Isiko laseTurkmenistan lithonywe ngokucebile yiwo womabili amasiko asendulo okuzulazula kanye namagugu amaSulumane. Amakhonsathi omculo wendabuko aqukethe izinsimbi zomdabu ezifana ne-dutar (lute) adumile phakathi kwabantu bendawo. Ukwamukela izihambi kubaluleke kakhulu esikweni labo njengoba izihambeli ziphathwa ngenhlonipho nokuphana. Nakuba isiTurkmen saziwa njengolimi lwazo lwesizwe, isiRashiya sisakhulunywa kabanzi ngenxa yobudlelwano bomlando neRussia ngesikhathi sokubusa kweSoviet. UbuSulumane busebenza njengenkolo eyinhloko eyenziwa izakhamuzi eziningi zaseTurkmen; nokho, inkululeko engokwenkolo ivikelwa umthetho. Ezokuvakasha eTurkmenistan zithuthuka kancane ngenxa yengqalasizinda elinganiselwe; Nokho ihlinzeka ngezinto ezikhangayo eziyingqayizivele njengezindawo ze-UNESCO Zamagugu Omhlaba ezihlanganisa amadolobha asendulo afana ne-Merv ne-Kunya-Urgench adume ngezimangaliso zawo zezakhiwo ezaqala emakhulwini eminyaka edlule. Eminyakeni yamuva nje kube nemizamo eyenziwayo mayelana nokuxoxisana ngamanxusa kanye nokwehlukahlukana komnotho ngale kwegesi yemvelo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuphromotha i-Turkmenistan njengendawo yezokuthutha yohwebo lwesifunda kanye namaphrojekthi wamandla. Ngakho-ke, kuzothakazelisa ukubona ukuthi iTurkmenistan iqhubeka kanjani nokuvela futhi ithuthuke eminyakeni ezayo.
Imali Yezwe
I-Turkmenistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseTurkmenistan, inohlobo lwemali lwayo olubizwa ngeTurkmenistan manat (TMT). I-manat iwuhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni kanye nethenda esemthethweni e-Turkmenistan futhi iphinde ihlukaniswe yaba yi-100 tenge. I-Central Bank yase-Turkmenistan inesibopho sokukhipha nokulawula ukusakazwa kwe-manat. I-manat yethulwa ngo-1993 ukuze ithathe indawo ye-ruble yaseRussia ngemva kokukhululeka eSoviet Union, i-manat iye yahlelwa kabusha izikhathi eziningana kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yengcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali. Njengamanje, izinhlamvu zemali ezihlanganisiwe zifaka phakathi amahlelo ka-1, 2, 5, 10, 20 kanye nama-tenge angama-50. Amanothi atholakala emahlelweni ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa u-1, 5,10 ,20 ,50 ,100 ,500 futhi imali eyiphepha eyethulwe kamuva nje ibiza i-TMT1.000. Izinga lokushintshisana kwe-manat liyashintshashintsha uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njengedola laseMelika noma i-euro ngaphansi kwesimiso esilawulwayo sezinga lokushintshanisa elintantayo. Imisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuyinhloko isebenzisa izimali zakwamanye amazwe njenge-USD noma ama-euro. I-Turkmenistan igcina izilawuli zemali eziqinile ezinokuguqulwa okulinganiselwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo; ngakho-ke kungaba inselele ukuthola amathuba okushintshana ngemali yendawo ngaphandle kwaseTurkmenistan uqobo. Kuyatuseka ukuthi izivakashi ezivakashela leli zwe zilethe amanani anele emali yangaphandle. Sekukonke, imali kazwelonke yase-Turkmenistan yaziwa ngokuthi i-Manat (TMT), esebenza njengethenda esemthethweni ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo enokuguqulwa okulinganiselwe phesheya ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokushintshisana esisemthethweni.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseTurkmenistan yiTurkmenistan Manat (TMT). Amazinga okushintshaniswa alinganiselwe e-TMT ngezimali zomhlaba ezinkulu ami kanje: 1 USD ≈ 3.5 TMT 1 EUR ≈ 4.2 TMT 1 GBP ≈ 4.8 TMT Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izilinganiso zokushintshisana ziyashintshashintsha, futhi idatha enikeziwe ingase ingabonisi amanani amanje. Kutuswa ukuthi uhlole nomthombo onokwethenjelwa noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole amanani okushintshanisa ngesikhathi sangempela.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Turkmenistan iyizwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi, elaziwa ngamagugu alo anothile namasiko ahlukile. Kunamaholide amaningana abalulekile agujwa eTurkmenistan abaluleke kakhulu kubantu bakhona. Omunye wemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu eTurkmenistan uSuku Lokuzimela, olugujwa ngo-Okthoba 27 njalo ngonyaka. Leli holide likazwelonke likhumbula isimemezelo sezwe sokukhululeka ngaphansi kweSoviet Union ngo-1991. Ngalolu suku, izakhamuzi zihlanganyela emibuthweni eshukumisayo, amakhonsathi, nemicimbi yamasiko ebonisa ukuzigqaja nobunye besizwe sazo. Omunye umkhosi ophawulekayo yi-Nowruz, owaziwa nangokuthi uNyaka Omusha WasePheresiya noma i-Spring Equinox. Igujwa ngoMashi 21 njalo ngonyaka, i-Nowruz iphawula ukuqala kwentwasahlobo nokuvuselelwa kwemvelo. Imindeni yaseTurkmen iyahlangana ukuze ijabulele ukudla kwamaholide, ishintshisane ngezipho futhi ivakashele izihlobo ngalesi sikhathi. Umculo wendabuko, imidlalo yokudansa, nemicimbi yezemidlalo kuthuthukisa umoya wenjabulo. Ukwengeza, i-Horse Day noma i-Ahalteke Horse Beauty Festival ihlonipha uhlobo lwamahhashi oluyigugu lwaseTurkmenistan olubizwa ngokuthi "Ahalteke." Obanjwa minyaka yonke ngo-April 25 e-Gokdepe Hippodrome eduze nedolobha lase-Ashgabat, lo mkhosi oyingqayizivele uhlanganisa imijaho yamahhashi kanye nemincintiswano ebonisa ubuhle nomusa walezi zidalwa ezihlaba umxhwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSuku Lomthethosisekelo lugujwa ngoMeyi 18 njalo ngonyaka njengoba luphawula ukwamukelwa komthethosisekelo waseTurkmenistan ngo-1992 kulandela inkululeko. Kuhlelwe imicimbi eyahlukene ezweni lonke ukuhlonipha lolu suku okuhlanganisa namakhonsathi ahlanganisa umculo wesintu nemibukiso yezobuciko emele amagugu esizwe. Sengiphetha, iTurkmenistan inamaholide amaningi abalulekile anokubaluleka okujulile kubantu bayo. Usuku Lokuzimela lugubha inkululeko ekubuseni kwamaSoviet; I-Nowruz isho iziqalo ezintsha; Imibukiso yoSuku Lwehhashi amahhashi akwa-Ahalteke ayigugu; kuyilapho uSuku Lomthethosisekelo luqinisekisa ubuwena bukazwelonke. Le mikhosi ivumela izakhamizi ukuthi zigubhe umlando wazo ngenkathi zithuthukisa ubumbano phakathi kwemiphakathi eyahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmenistan.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Turkmenistan iyizwe elise-Asia Ephakathi, elaziwa ngezinqolobane zalo ezinkulu zegesi yemvelo. Isimo sohwebo sezwe sithonywa kakhulu yimithombo yamandla ayo kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-Turkmenistan ithengisa ngokuyinhloko igesi yemvelo emazweni ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-China, i-Iran, iRussia neTurkey. Le mpahla yenza ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo yezwe yokuthekelisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTurkmenistan iphinde ithumele kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo kaphethiloli efana nophethiloli nodizili. Ngaphandle kwezinsiza zamandla, i-Turkmenistan ithumela ngaphandle imikhiqizo yezolimo njengokotini nokolweni. Ukotini usuyisilimo sendabuko kuleli zwe amakhulu eminyaka futhi usenegalelo elibalulekile emnothweni wawo. Mayelana nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, i-Turkmenistan ithembele kakhulu emishinini nasezinsizeni ngezinjongo zezimboni kanye nezimoto ezihlanganisa izimoto namaloli. Iphinde futhi ingenise izimpahla zabathengi ezahlukahlukene njengezindwangu, izinto zikagesi, nezinto zasendlini. Abalingani abayinhloko bohwebo baseTurkmenistan yiChina elandelwa yiTurkey, iRussia, i-Iran, i-Ukraine, namazwe amaningana ase-Europe. I-Turkmenistan igcina ubudlelwano obuqinile bezomnotho nalawa mazwe ngezivumelwano zamazwe amabili. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwezomnotho kuseyinselelo ezweni ngenxa yokuthembela kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwegesi yemvelo. Iziphathimandla zaseTurkmen zihlose ukwandisa uhla lwazo lwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kuyilapho ziheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe ezimbonini ezingaphezu komkhakha wezamandla. Zithuthukisa imikhakha efana nezolimo, ezokuvakasha, izindwangu, ukuzulazula, kanye nempahla yezokuthutha, egxile ezimakethe ezingaba khona eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseNingizimu Asia. Sengiphetha, i-Turkmenistan ithembele kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwegesi yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Uhulumeni wenza imizamo yokuhlukanisa umnotho wakhe ngale komkhakha wezamandla ukuze aqinise ubudlelwano bakhe bokuhweba namanye amazwe kuyilapho eheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ezimbonini ezahlukene.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Turkmenistan, ese-Asia Emaphakathi, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Izwe linothile ngezinto zemvelo ezinjengowoyela, igesi yemvelo nezimbiwa phansi. Indawo yayo yamasu futhi inikeza ukufinyelela ezimakethe ezibalulekile e-Europe nase-Asia. Esinye isici esiyinhloko esishukumisa amandla okuthekelisa kweTurkmenistan yimithombo yayo eningi yegesi yemvelo. Izwe liphethe izizinda zegesi ezinkulukazi emhlabeni futhi selihamba phambili ngokuphakela amazwe angomakhelwane okubalwa iChina neRussia. Ukwengeza, i-Turkmenistan ifuna ngenkuthalo ukuhlukanisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamandla ngaphandle ngokusungula amapayipi nokuhlola izimakethe ezintsha. Enye indawo enamandla okukhula umkhakha wezolimo waseTurkmenistan. Njengoba kunenhlabathi evundile kanye nemithombo yamanzi eyanele evela emfuleni i-Amu Darya, izwe linomhlaba omkhulu olungele ukutshala izitshalo. Ngokwenza izinqubo zezolimo zibe zesimanjemanje kanye nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, i-Turkmenistan ingakhuphula amandla okukhiqiza ezimpahleni eziqondiswe kwamanye amazwe njengokotini, izithelo, imifino, kanye nemikhiqizo yemfuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTurkmenistan ibitshala imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda yayo yezokuthutha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwezitimela ezixhuma i-Asia Emaphakathi ne-Iran (Umhubhe Wezokuthutha OseNyakatho naseNingizimu) kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu exhumanisa i-Afghanistan ne-Azerbaijan (Lapis Lazuli Corridor). Lezi zinhlelo zihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kweminotho yesifunda ngenkathi ibeka i-Turkmenistan njengomzila obalulekile wezokuthutha wohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinselelo ezithile ezidinga ukunakwa uma kuza ekwandiseni imakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseTurkmenistan. Isizwe sidinga ukwehlukanisa iphothifoliyo yaso yokuthekelisa ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yamandla ngokuthuthukisa izimboni ezingezona zikawoyela ezifana nezindwangu, amakhemikhali noma ukukhiqizwa kwemishini. Ukwengeza, uhulumeni kufanele athuthukise izindlela zokubeka izinto obala mayelana nemithethonqubo, adambise izinqubo zenkambiso, izithiyo zentela, kanye nemigoqo engakhokhisi engaheha abatshalizimali bangaphandle ezweni, inciphise ukuncika kubalingani bendabuko njengeChina, iRussia, i-Iran, iTurkey njll. Sengiphetha, isikhundla esihle sendawo ye-Turkemenistans kanye nensada yezinsiza zamandla, amakhono ezolimo, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwingqalasizinda yezokuthutha, kuyenza ibe sesimweni esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngezinguquko ezifanele zenqubomgomo kanye nemizamo eqondiswe ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezihlukahlukene, izwe lingasebenzisa ngempumelelo amandla alo futhi lihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuze liqinise ukukhula komnotho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
I-Turkmenistan iyizwe elise-Central Asia. Uma ucubungula ukukhethwa komkhiqizo ezimakethe zayo zohwebo lwangaphandle, kubalulekile ukuqonda umnotho wezwe, okuthandwa ngamasiko, kanye nezimakethe zamanje. Okokuqala, i-Turkmenistan inomnotho oncike kakhulu kwezolimo futhi ithembele kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwegesi yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo ehlobene nemikhakha yezolimo kanye namandla ingaba izinto ezithengiswa kakhulu ezimakethe zabo zohwebo lwangaphandle. Lokhu kungabandakanya imishini yezolimo nemishini, umanyolo, imbewu, izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene negesi. Okwesibili, iTurkmenistan inamagugu amasiko acebile futhi imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko yaziswa kakhulu. Imisebenzi yezandla efana nokhaphethi nezindwangu ezenziwe izingcweti zendawo idumile ezweni naphakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola amathuba okuthekelisa imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko evela eTurkmenistan kungaba inzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kucatshangelwa isimo sezulu saseTurkmenistan esinehlobo elishisa kakhulu elinemvula elinganiselwe kwezinye izifunda. Imikhiqizo ehlobene nokongiwa kwamanzi nezinhlelo zokunisela ingasiza ukubhekelela lesi sidingo esikhethekile semakethe. Ukwengeza, njengoba abantu baseTurkmen benobudlelwane bemfashini, ukungenisa izimpahla zemfashini ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba noma ngisho nokumisa amayunithi okukhiqiza izindwangu ngaphakathi kweTurkmenistan ngokwayo kungaba inketho esebenzayo yokwenza imali kulokhu okuthandwayo. Okokugcina, ukwazi izimakethe zamanje emhlabeni jikelele kuzovumela abathumeli bangaphandle ukuthi bethule imikhiqizo ethrendayo engase izuze ukuduma e-Turkmenistan futhi, njengemikhiqizo eco-friendly noma amadivaysi obuchwepheshe ahlakaniphile. Sengiphetha, lapho kukhethwa imikhiqizo yohwebo lwangaphandle ezimakethe zase-Turkenmistan, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo zabo zezomnotho, izinto abazithandayo, nezinkambiso zakamuva kuyilapho ungagxili kuphela ezindaweni zendabuko njengezolimo kodwa futhi uhlola amathuba ezimbonini ezisafufusa ezifana namandla avuselelekayo, imisebenzi yezandla. imboni, imboni yemfashini, ubuchwepheshe be-smart njll
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Turkmenistan, etholakala e-Asia Emaphakathi, iyizwe elinezici zamakhasimende ezihlukile kanye nezithiyo. Ekuqondeni iphrofayili yekhasimende lase-Turkmenistan, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nezinkambiso zamasiko, amasiko, kanye nezindinganiso. Abantu baseTurkmenistan bazisa kakhulu inhlonipho nokungenisa izihambi ezivakashini. Lapho uzibandakanya namakhasimende aseTurkmen, kubalulekile ukukhombisa inhlonipho nokubabingelela usebenzisa imikhonzo efanele njengokuthi "salaam alaykum." Ukwakha ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kubalulekile empumelelweni yebhizinisi njengoba ukwethembana kudlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yabo yokuthatha izinqumo. Ngokwesitayela sokuxhumana, ukuqondisa kungase kungakhethwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kutuswa ukusebenzisa ulimi lokusebenzelana nabanye abantu ngenkathi uqhuba imihlangano yebhizinisi noma izingxoxo. Ukugwema ukuxabana noma ukuziphatha okunolaka kuzosiza ukugcina ubudlelwano obunobunye namakhasimende ase-Turkmenistan. Lapho wenza ibhizinisi eTurkmenistan, ukugcina isikhathi kubalulekile. Ukufika sekwephuzile ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili kungase kubonakale kubi kumakhasimende. Ukugcina isikhathi kukhombisa ubungcweti nokuhlonipha isikhathi somuntu kanye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho uxhumana namakhasimende aseTurkmen izinkolelo zabo zenkolo. I-Islam igcwele zonke izici zokuphila kuleli zwe; ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela amasiko nemikhuba yamaSulumane lapho uzibandakanya ekusebenzelaneni kwebhizinisi noma imibuthano yokuzijabulisa. Emazweni amaningi amaMuslim okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kweTurkmenistan noma ukunikeza utshwala kungase kube yinkinga ngenxa yemikhawulo yenkolo ekuphuzweni kotshwala; ngakho-ke kufanele igwenywe phakathi nemisebenzi yebhizinisi ngaphandle kokuthi inikezwe ngokusobala umsingathi kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlonipha amasiko endawo njengokumboza amahlombe (kwabesifazane) nokukhumula izicathulo ngaphambi kokungena ezindlini noma ezindaweni zokukhulekela kuzoba negalelo elikhulu ekwakheni ubuhlobo obuthembekile nabantu baseTurkmenistan. Sengiphetha, amakhasimende ase-Turkmen ayakwazisa ukuziphatha okuhloniphekile okuhambisana namasiko awo. Kubalulekile ukushintsha indlela osebenza ngayo ngenkathi wenza ibhizinisi kuleli zwe uqinisekisa ukuthi uyawaqonda amasiko endawo, ubonisa ubungcweti, kanye nokuqaphela ukuzwela kwezenkolo okuqondisa izenzo nokuziphatha kwakho.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Turkmenistan, etholakala e-Asia Ephakathi, inemithetho yayo yamasiko nezinyathelo zokuphatha imingcele yayo. Uma uhlela ukuya eTurkmenistan, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule mayelana nesistimu yokuphathwa kwempahla yezwe. Okokuqala, zonke izivakashi kufanele zibe nepasipoti evumelekile enezinyanga okungenani eziyisithupha ezisele kusukela ngosuku lokungena e-Turkmenistan. Izidingo ze-visa zingahluka kuye ngezwe lakho lokuba yisakhamuzi, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi uhlole nenxusa eliseduze laseTurkmen noma inxusa kusengaphambili. Lapho ungena e-Turkmenistan, uzodinga ukugcwalisa ikhadi lokufika elizogxivizwa yisikhulu esilawula umngcele. Kubalulekile ukuthi leli khadi ligcinwe liphephile njengoba lizodingeka phakathi nesikhathi sakho sonke sokuhlala nalapho usuka ezweni. I-Turkmenistan ilawula ngokuqinile ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngemingcele yayo. Izinto ezithile njengezibhamu, izidakamizwa, izinhlamvu, nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile azivunyelwe ukungeniswa noma ukukhishwa ngaphandle kwezwe. Ukwengeza, imikhiqizo yezolimo nezilwane nazo zingabhekana nemikhawulo noma zidinga izimvume ezikhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza le mithetho ngaphambi kokungena noma ukuphuma eTurkmenistan. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izikhulu zentela eTurkmenistan zinamandla okuzikhethela lapho zihlola imithwalo nezinto zomuntu siqu ezikhumulweni zezindiza noma ezimpambanweni zezwe. Ukusebenzisana neziphathimandla phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa kunconywa kakhulu ukuze kube nenqubo yokungena ebushelelezi. Ngokwemithetho yezimali, abahambi kudingeka basho noma yiliphi inani elingaphezu kuka-$10,000 USD lapho befika e-Turkmenistan. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungase kuphumele ekuthathweni kwezimali. Kungaba usizo futhi kubahambi abangena eTurkmenistan bewela umhlaba ukuze balindele ukubambezeleka okungaba khona ngenxa yokuhlolwa okubanzi kwemibhalo okwenziwa izikhulu zasemngceleni. Sekukonke, kuyadingeka ukuthi izivakashi ezivakashela e-Turkmenistan zizijwayeze ngezidingo zazo ezithile zama-visa futhi ziqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa ebekwe yiziphathimandla zeCustoms.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Turkmenistan iyizwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi elinenqubomgomo eyingqayizivele yentela yezimpahla ezingenisiwe. Izwe lihlose ukuvikela izimboni zakuleli kanye nokukhuthaza ukuzimela ngokubeka izintela ezithile emikhiqizweni ethengwa kwamanye amazwe. Izindleko zokungenisa ezweni zikhokhiswa ezimpahleni ezahlukahlukene ezilethwa eTurkmenistan zivela emazweni angaphandle. Inani lentela elibekiwe lincike kumvelo kanye nevelu yomkhiqizo ongenisiwe, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwawo ngaphansi kwemithetho yamasiko yaseTurkmenistan. Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi yokungenisa ezweni ibalwa ngokusekelwe enanini le-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense, kanye Nokuthutha) lempahla engenisiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindleko zomkhiqizo ngokwawo, noma yiziphi izindleko zomshwalense ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha, nezindleko zezimpahla zokuwuletha e-Turkmenistan. Amanani entengo ayahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuthengiswayo olungeniswayo. Isibonelo, ukudla okubalulekile okufana nokusanhlamvu nezithelo kunamanani entengo aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpahla zikanokusho ezifana nogesi noma izimoto. Ukwengeza, eminye imikhiqizo ingase ingakhokhiswa intela uma lezi zinto zifaka isandla ezinhlelweni zentuthuko kazwelonke noma zihlangabezana nemibandela ethile ebekwe uhulumeni waseTurkmenistan. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu ngabanye noma amabhizinisi angenisa izimpahla e-Turkmenistan athobele yonke imithethonqubo efanele ukuze agweme izinhlawulo noma ukubambezeleka ezindaweni zokuhlola intela. Amadokhumenti asekelayo ahlobene nomsuka nokuhlukaniswa kwezimpahla kufanele ahlinzekwe ngokunembile lapho kumenyezelwa ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ukuze iziphathimandla zentela zikwazi ukuhlola kahle amanani entengo asebenzayo. Inqubomgomo yentela yempahla ethengiswayo yase-Turkmenistan ingaphansi koshintsho ngezikhathi ezithile ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezibalulekile zikahulumeni ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela emikhiqizweni yangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abangenisa impahla ngaphandle noma abangaba abatshalizimali e-Turkmenistan bahlale benolwazi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izibuyekezo eziphathelene nezinqubo zokwenza izinto nezinqubomgomo zentela ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yokuhweba ewela imingcele.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Turkmenistan, izwe lase-Asia Emaphakathi elicebile ngezinsiza zemvelo futhi elaziwa ngomnotho walo ohlukahlukene, isebenzisa inqubomgomo yentela yokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze ilawule imisebenzi yayo yokuhweba. Izwe likhokhisa izintela ezigabeni ezithile zezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze lilawule ukuphuma kwalezi zinsiza ezibalulekile, livuse izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokuvikela izimakethe zamasu. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile senqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yase-Turkmenistan sigxile emkhakheni wezamandla. Njengoba inikezwe inqwaba yemithombo yegesi yemvelo, iTurkmenistan ithembele kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwegesi njengomthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo. Ukukhuthaza imboni yasendaweni yokucubungula nokucwengisiswa, uhulumeni uphoqelela izintela zokuthekelisa eziphezulu kugesi yemvelo eluhlaza uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo enenani elingeziwe njengegesi yemvelo ewuketshezi (LNG) noma amanye amafomu acutshunguliwe. Le nqubomgomo ihlose ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yendawo kanye nokukhuthaza ukudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi e-Turkmenistan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wezolimo waseTurkmenistan nawo udlala indima enkulu emnothweni wayo. Uhulumeni uyaweseka lo mkhakha ngokukhokhisa intela ethengiswa ngaphandle kwezolimo ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yezolimo efana nokotini nokolweni. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezinqubomgomo ezivumayo zentela ezimpahleni zezolimo, iTurkmenistan ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokudla ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo kuyilapho ikhuthaza abalimi namabhizinisi ezolimo amathuba okukhula. Ngaphandle kwamandla nezolimo, eminye imikhakha nayo iwela ngaphansi kwentela yaseTurkmenistan yokuthumela ngaphandle. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum ecolisisiwe ingase ibhekane namazinga aphezulu entela uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthunyelwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe njengesikhuthazo sokwengeza inani ngezinqubo zokucwengwa endaweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imininingwane ethile ephathelene namazinga entela ezimpahleni ezahlukene ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ingase yehluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezimo zomnotho ezithuthukayo noma izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zikahulumeni. Sekukonke, ngokusebenzisa ngokucophelela intela yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezamandla, ezolimo nokunye; I-Turkmenistan ifuna ukulingana phakathi kokukhulisa izinzuzo zezomnotho ezivela ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Turkmenistan, izwe lase-Asia Emaphakathi elisemngceleni weKazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, kanye noLwandle lweCaspian, inezidingo ezimbalwa zesitifiketi sokuthekelisa semikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Emikhiqizweni yezolimo njengezithelo, imifino, nokudla ngokuvamile, abadayisi kumele bathole izitifiketi ezidingekayo ze-phytosanitary. Lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zihloliwe futhi azinazo izinambuzane noma izifo ezingase zilimaze umkhakha wezolimo waseTurkmenistan. Endabeni yemikhiqizo yezilwane efana nenyama noma izinto zobisi ezihloselwe ukuthunyelwa e-Turkmenistan, abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele bahambisane nemithetho yezilwane. Kudingeka bathole izitifiketi zezempilo zezilwane eziqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane zaziphilile ngesikhathi zihlatshwa noma zisengwa futhi zazicutshungulwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile. Lapho uthumela izindwangu noma izinto zokugqoka e-Turkmenistan, kubalulekile ukunamathela kumazinga ekhwalithi. Abathumeli bangaphandle kungase kudingeke ukuthi banikeze ubufakazi bokuhambisana nezidingo ezithile zokuphepha komkhiqizo ngemibiko yokuhlola noma izitifiketi ezivela kumalabhorethri agunyaziwe. Ezintweni zikagesi nezimpahla zikagesi eziqondiswe emakethe yase-Turkmenistan, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe kubalulekile. Abathumeli bangaphandle kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana nemibandela yokuphepha nekhwalithi ebekwe iziphathimandla zaseTurkmenistani. Kwezinye izimo, ukuthola isitifiketi sokuzithandela sokuvumelana kungase kunconywe njengoba kubonisa ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo esebenzayo. Ukuthekelisa imikhiqizo yemithi emakethe yase-Turkmenistan kudinga isitifiketi esivela emigwaqweni elawula kazwelonke eqinisekisa ukuthobelana nezidingo zokubhaliswa kwemithi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi yiziqondiso nje ezijwayelekile mayelana nesitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Turkmenistan. Izidingo ezithile zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nemithetho/imithetho yendawo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngakho-ke kuyatuseka ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle baxhumane nama-ejensi ohwebo endawo noma bafune iseluleko sochwepheshe ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezinqubo zesitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Turkmenistan.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Turkmenistan, etholakala e-Asia Emaphakathi, inikeza izincomo ezimbalwa zezinsizakalo ze-logistics ezisebenza kahle nezithembekile. Njengoba linesu elihle kanye nomnotho othuthuka ngokushesha, leli lizwe seliphenduke indawo efiselekayo kwezohwebo nezohwebo. Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele mayelana nezinketho ze-logistics zase-Turkmenistan: 1. Amachweba: I-Turkmenistan inamachweba amaningi enza kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Ichweba laseTurkmenbashi liyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni futhi lisebenza njengesango eliya esifundeni saseCaspian Sea. Inikeza ukuxhumana emazweni ahlukahlukene njengeRussia, Iran, Kazakhstan, kanye ne-Azerbaijan. 2. Izikhumulo zezindiza: Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Ashgabat International isango eliyinhloko lamazwe ngamazwe elingena e-Turkmenistan. Iphatha kokubili izindiza zempahla nezabagibeli ezinezindiza ezinkulu ezisebenza ngamasevisi ahleliwe avamile. Lesi sikhumulo sezindiza sixhuma iTurkmenistan namadolobha aseYurophu, e-Asia nakwamanye amazwekazi. 3. Uxhaxha lwemigwaqo: I-Turkmenistan izidla ngoxhaxha lwemigwaqo oluhlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu ezweni kanye namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, namanye. Imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka enakekelwa kahle yenza ukuthutha komhlaba kube yindlela esebenzayo yokuthutha impahla. 4. Izitimela: Izwe linomzila wesitimela othuthuke kahle oluxhumanisa namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Iran, Afghanistan/Russia (nge-Uzbekistan), Kazakhstan/Tajikistan (nge-Uzbekistan). Ingqalasizinda yesitimela isiza ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kwe-Asia Ephakathi. 5.Izivumelwano zohwebo: Njengengxenye yemizamo yokubambisana kwesifunda e-Asia Emaphakathi, izwe libambe iqhaza ezivumelwaneni ezihlukahlukene zezohwebo ezihlanganisa i-Eurasian Economic Union ehlinzeka ngokufinyelela okukhethekile ezimakethe ngaphakathi kwale bloc yezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni kokuxhumana phakathi kweChina, iTurkmentisan, namanye amazwe ahambisana nalo mzila. Izinkampani ze-6.Logistics: Izinkampani eziningi zendawo ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmeinastan, njenge-Turkmen Logistics Company, i-Turkmenawtology,, i-Adam Tumlarm, i-AWTO Avtobaza, kanye no-Deniz ULUSLARARASI.I-Niftel Logistics ingomunye umdlali ovelele ohlinzeka ngezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe zezokuthutha ezihlanganisa ezokuthutha, i-warehous. ukugunyazwa kwempahla, kanye nezinsiza zokusabalalisa ezweni. 7. Uhlaka lokulawula: I-Turkmenistan yenze izinguquko zokuthuthukisa indawo yebhizinisi layo nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha. Uhulumeni unikeza uhlaka olufanelekile lokulawula ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe emkhakheni wezokuthutha. Iphinde igqugquzele ukwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo zempahla ephumayo ukuze kube lula ukuhamba kwempahla ngokushesha. Sengiphetha, i-Turkmenistan inikezela ngezinketho ezahlukene zezinsiza ezisebenza ngempumelelo nezikhumulo zayo zasolwandle ezixhumeke kahle, izikhumulo zezindiza, uxhaxha lwemigwaqo, nengqalasizinda kajantshi.Izinkampani zezokuthutha zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zikhona emakethe ukuze zibhekelele izidingo ezihlukahlukene. kwathuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwayo.Ukuthuthukiswa kwemithetho nakho kunomthelela ekudaleni indawo ekahle yokuqhuba ibhizinisi, lolu lwazi kufanele lukusize uqonde i-Turkmenistan geography yenza umbono weLogistic.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Turkmenistan iyizwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi futhi ibambe ukubaluleka okubalulekile njengemakethe esafufusa yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Indawo ekahle yezwe, insada yemithombo yemvelo, kanye nomnotho okhulayo kudala amathuba kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bahlole izindlela ezihlukahlukene zebhizinisi. Nazi ezinye zeziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso e-Turkmenistan: 1. Iziteshi Zokuthenga Zamazwe Ngamazwe: a) Ukuthengwa Kwempahla Kukahulumeni: I-Turkmenistan inohlelo oluphakathi nendawo lapho uhulumeni eqala khona amathenda amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene emikhakheni efana neyokwakha, amandla, ezokuthutha, ezolimo, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zingabamba iqhaza kulawa mathenda ngokwakha ubudlelwano namafemu asendaweni noma ngokubhalisa ngqo. b) Izinkundla zokuthenga nge-imeyili: I-State Commodity and Raw Materials Exchange yase-Turkmenistan isebenzisa inkundla yokuthenga nge-elekthronikhi ebizwa ngokuthi "Altyn Asyr," enikeza ukufinyelela ezindalini namathenda ezimbonini ezahlukene. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bangabhalisa kule nkundla ukuze bahlole amathuba okuthenga. c) Izingxoxo Eziqondile: Ukusungula ukuxhumana okuqondile nabangase babe ngabahlinzeki bempahla noma abasabalalisi ngemishini yezohwebo, izinhlangano zamabhizinisi, noma imicimbi yokuxhumana kungaba indlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ubambiswano e-Turkmenistan. 2. Imibukiso: a) I-Türkmenhaly (Ukhaphethi waseTurkmen): Lo mbukiso ubonisa okhaphethi baseTurkmen abadume umhlaba wonke abaziwa ngemiklamo yabo eyinkimbinkimbi nobungcweti. Ihlinzeka ngenkundla yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi baxhumane nabakhiqizi bendawo bekhaphethi, abahlinzeki, nabathumela ngaphandle. b) Türkmengaz (Turkmen Gas Congress): Lo mbukiso oba minyaka yonke e-Ashgabat, ugxile embonini kawoyela negesi yaseTurkemnistan. Inikeza amathuba ezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezihileleke ekuhloleni nasekukhiqizeni ubuchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, izinsizakalo zokwakha amapayipi njll., ukuthi zihlanganyele nababambe iqhaza basendaweni. c) I-TAZE AWAZ - Amazwi Asha: Le festivali yezobuciko yesimanje ebanjwa minyaka yonke iheha abathanda ubuciko abavela emhlabeni wonke abafuna umsebenzi wobuciko oyingqayizivele odalwe abaculi abanekhono abavela e-Turkemnistan. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bangahlola ukuthenga izingcezu zobuciko zangempela futhi bahlanganyele namaciko asendaweni ukuze asebenzisane. d) Ingqungquthela ye-TAPI (Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline): Lo mcimbi ugqamisa intuthuko ehlobene nephrojekthi yepayipi le-TAPI, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthutha igesi yemvelo isuka e-Turkmenistan iye e-Afghanistan, Pakistan, nase-India. Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezithintekayo kwezokwakha, ubunjiniyela, kanye nezinsiza ezihlobene nazo zingabamba iqhaza kule ngqungquthela ukuze zihlole amathuba ebhizinisi avela kule phrojekthi enkulu. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zeziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso e-Turkmenistan. Uhulumeni wezwe uyakwamukela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe futhi ufuna ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisana namabhizinisi omhlaba emikhakheni eminingi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kubathengi bomhlaba wonke ukuthi bahlale benolwazi ngemicimbi yohwebo efanele futhi batshale isikhathi ekwakheni ubudlelwano nababambiqhaza basendaweni ukuze kube nebhizinisi eliphumelelayo e-Turkemnistan.
E-Turkmenistan, izinjini zokusesha ezidumile ezisetshenziswa abantu zifaka: 1. I-Google: I-Google iyinjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi idumile nase-Turkmenistan. Inikeza imiphumela yosesho ebanzi namasevisi ahlukahlukene njenge-imeyili, amamephu, nokuhumusha. Ikheli lewebhu le-Google lithi www.google.com. 2. I-Yandex: I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha yase-Russian ehlinzeka ngamasevisi e-Turkmenistan. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho eyenziwe yasendaweni futhi inezici ezinjengezithombe, amavidiyo, izindaba, namamephu. Ikheli lewebhu le-Yandex lithi www.yandex.com. 3. I-Bing: I-Bing iyinjini yokusesha eyakhiwe yi-Microsoft enikeza umbono ohlukile ngemiphumela yosesho uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izinkundla. Inikeza ukusesha kwezithombe nevidiyo kanye nezibuyekezo zezindaba ngesigaba sayo sasekhaya. Ikheli lewebhu le-Bing lithi www.bing.com. 4. I-Mail.ru: I-Mail.ru ayihlinzeki ngezinsizakalo ze-imeyili kuphela kodwa futhi ihlanganisa isici senjini yokusesha enamandla esifana nezinye izinkundla ezishiwo ngaphambili—ibonisa izikhangiso ezinomongo phakathi nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yayo yamahhala njengamabhokisi eposi noma izinkundla zokuxhumana (njenge-Odnoklassniki). Ikheli lewebhu le-Mail.ru lithi www.mail.ru. 5 I-Rambler: I-Rambler isebenza njengengosi yengosi enikezela ngezinketho zokuqukethwe ezahlukahlukene njengezindaba, amavidiyo, imidlalo, isevisi ye-imeyili ngenkathi isebenza njengohlu lwemibhalo lwe-inthanethi olunosesho lwayo oluzinikele lwe-Rambler olubekwe kokuthi www.rambler.ru/search/. 6 I-Sputnik: I-Sputnik Search igxile kakhulu kumasayithi olimi lwesi-Russian kodwa isavumela ukusesha ngaphakathi kwezinsiza zomhlaba wonke kusetshenziswa amagama angukhiye ngezilimi ezahlukene okuhlanganisa isiNgisi noma isiTurkmen uma kunesidingo ngaphakathi kwenkundla efanayo efinyeleleka nge-sputniknews.com/search/. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi ezinye nje ezivame ukusetshenziswa izinjini Turkmenistan; kodwa-ke, i-Google isalokhu ihamba phambili phakathi kwabasebenzisi ngenxa yobubanzi bayo bezinsizakalo namandla kuzo zonke izilimi eziningi.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Turkmenistan, amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko aqukethe amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene kanye nezinkomba ezingafinyeleleka kuhlu lwamabhizinisi, imininingwane yokuxhumana, nezinye izinsizakalo. Nawa amanye amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko e-Turkmenistan kanye namawebhusayithi awo: 1. Yellow Pages Turkmenistan - Uhlu lwemibhalo oluphelele oluhlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi oluhlelwe yizigaba. Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpages.tm 2. Umhlahlandlela Webhizinisi - Inkundla equkethe amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene njengezolimo, ezokwakha, ezokuthengisa, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: www.business.gov.tm 3. I-InfoTurkmen - Incwadi yebhizinisi eku-inthanethi enikeza ulwazi ngezinkampani ezisebenza e-Turkmenistan emikhakheni ehlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.infoturkmen.com 4. I-TradeTurkmen - Iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekuthuthukiseni amathuba ohwebo ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmenistan nokuxhumanisa amabhizinisi endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Iwebhusayithi: www.tradeturkmen.com 5. Uhla Lwemibhalo Lwebhizinisi Lwamazwe Ngamazwe - Inikeza uhla lwemibhalo lwezinkampani ezihweba ngamazwe ngamazwe ngokugxila ekuxhumaniseni amabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke. Iwebhusayithi: www.international-business-directory.com/turkmenistan/ Lawa makhasi aphuzi asebenza njengezisetshenziswa zabantu ngabanye noma izinhlangano ezifuna amasevisi athile noma ezifuna ukusungula ukuxhumana kwebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmentistan. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutholakala nokufinyeleleka kwalezi zinsiza kungase kuhluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma kumithetho yezwe elithile mayelana nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, kuyanconywa ukuthi uqinisekise ubuqiniso nokuthembeka kwamawebhusayithi ngaphambi kokuncika kuphela kulwazi lwawo olunikeziwe.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Turkmenistan, izwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi, inomkhakha okhulayo we-e-commerce. Nakuba ukufinyelela kwezwe ku-inthanethi kunqunyelwe uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe, kusenezinkundla ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo ze-e-commerce ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmenistan. Nazi ezinye eziphambili kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Silk Road Online Market (www.silkroadonline.com.tm): Inkundla evelele ye-e-commerce e-Turkmenistan, iSilk Road Online Market inikeza imikhiqizo namasevisi ahlukahlukene kusukela kogesi nezimpahla zokugqoka kuya ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini kanye nezinto zegrosa. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi olulula lokuthenga ku-inthanethi kubathengi baseTurkmen. 2. I-YerKez (www.yerkez.com): I-YerKez enye inkundla ye-e-commerce edumile e-Turkmenistan egxile ekuxhumaniseni abathengisi bendawo nabathengi ezweni lonke. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eminingi efana nemfashini, izinto zikagesi, izimpahla zasendlini, nokunye. 3. U-Taze Ay - Gara Gözel (www.garagozel.tm): I-Taze Ay - i-Gara Gözel iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi egxile ekuthengiseni izindwangu nemisebenzi yezandla yendabuko yaseTurkmen. Le nkundla isekela izingcweti zendawo ngokubanikeza indlela yokuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo eyingqayizivele eyenziwe ngezandla emazweni ngamazwe. 4. I-TM Trade Center (www.tmtradecenter.com): I-TM Trade Center isebenza njengenkundla ye-e-commerce yebhizinisi (B2B) e-Turkmenistan, ebhekelela kakhulu abathengisi bezitolo nabasabalalisi abafuna amathuba okuhweba ngaphakathi kwezwe. 5. I-OpenMarket.tm (www.openmarket.tm): I-OpenMarket.tm isebenza njengendawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi lapho amabhizinisi anganikela ngemikhiqizo yawo noma amasevisi ngokuqondile kubathengi kuyo yonke i-Turkmenistan. Ifaka izigaba ezahlukahlukene njengemfashini, izinto zikagesi, izincwadi, imikhiqizo yobuhle, njll. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lezi zinkundla zingabadlali abakhulu ngaphakathi kwemboni ye-e-commerce yaseTurkmensitan okwamanje; kodwa kuye ngentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo noma izinguquko kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinsiza zendawo lapho uhlola amathuba e-e-commerce kuleli zwe.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

E-Turkmenistan, njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi, abantu basebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana ezihlukahlukene ukuze baxhumane futhi baxhumane nabanye. Nazi ezinye izingosi zokuxhumana ezidumile e-Turkmenistan: 1. I-Odnoklassniki: Lena inkundla yezokuxhumana edumile yaseRussia esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Turkmenistan. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane kabusha nabafunda nabo abadala nabangane, babelane ngezithombe nezibuyekezo, bajoyine amaqembu, futhi badlale imidlalo. Iwebhusayithi https://www.odnoklassniki.ru/ 2. I-Facebook: Naphezu kokuba ngaphansi kwemikhawulo kahulumeni, i-Facebook isasetshenziswa kabanzi e-Turkmenistan ukuze uhlale uxhumene nomndeni nabangane abavela emhlabeni wonke. Abasebenzisi bangabelana ngokuthunyelwe, izithombe/amavidiyo, bajoyine amaqembu/amakhasi, futhi babambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.facebook.com/ 3. I-Instagram: I-Instagram iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe esithole ukuduma emhlabeni wonke kubandakanya naseTurkmenistan. Abasebenzisi bangalayisha izithombe/amavidiyo, balandele ama-akhawunti abanye, bathande/babeke amazwana kokuthunyelwe, futhi basebenzise izihlungi ezihlukahlukene ukuze bathuthukise izithombe zabo. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.instagram.com/ 4.Twitter: I-Twitter ingosi ye-microblogging evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-tweets angafaka phakathi umbhalo noma okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia.Abasebenzisi bangalandela amanye ama-akhawunti, ba-tweet noma babhale kabusha, futhi bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni ngezimpendulo noma imiyalezo eqondile.Iwebhusayithi:https: //twitter.com/ 5.I-Telegram :I-Telegram uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo olunikeza imiyalezo esheshayo, elula, nevikelekile.Abasebenzisi bangathumela imilayezo yombhalo, amafayela alalelwayo/evidiyo, futhi benze amakholi ezwi/evidiyo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza izici ezifana nezingxoxo zeqembu, ukuzilimaza. imiyalezo, ukwabelana ngamafayela, nokunye.Ama-podcast, amabhulogi, izitolo zemidiya eziningi zisebenzisa iziteshi zeTelegramu njengenkundla yokusabalalisa ulwazi.Iwebhusayithi:https://telegram.org/ 6.Vkontakte(VK):Enye ingosi yezokuxhumana ezinze eRussia, iVkontakte(VK) isithole ukuduma kubasebenzisi baseTurkmenistani.Isizindalwazi sivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe abangani, balandele abantu abadumile, amabhendi omculo/imidlalo, izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi, nokunye.Abasebenzisi ingashintshanisa imilayezo, yabelane ngezithombe/amavidiyo, futhi ijoyine imiphakathi.Iwebhusayithi:http://www.vk.com/ Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana e-Turkmenistan kungase kube ngaphansi kwemithetho nemikhawulo kahulumeni. Ngakho-ke, ukufinyelela nokusebenza kwalezi zinkundla kungase kuhluke. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi nobumfihlo ngenkathi usebenzisa lezi zinkundla.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Turkmenistan iyizwe elise-Central Asia. Inomnotho ohlukene, nezimboni ezahlukene ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eTurkmenistan: 1. I-Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Turkmenistan (UIET): Le nhlangano imele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi ezimboni, osomabhizinisi, kanye nabanikazi bamabhizinisi e-Turkmenistan. Isizindalwazi sabo sithi: www.tpp-tm.org 2. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry: I-Chamber ikhuthaza ukuhweba, ukutshalwa kwezimali, nokubambisana kwezomnotho ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmenistan nakwamanye amazwe. Isekela amabhizinisi ngokunikeza ulwazi, ngokusiza ngamathuba okuxhumana, kanye nokumela izintshisekelo zawo kuziphathimandla ezifanele. Isizindalwazi sabo sithi: www.cci.tj 3. Izinkampani Zemboni Yezinto Zokwakha Ezokwakha: Le nhlangano ihlanganisa izinkampani ezibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni izinto zokwakha, okuhlanganisa izimboni ezikhiqiza usimende nabanye abahlinzeki bempahla yokwakha. 4. Inhlangano Yabakhiqizi Bakawoyela Negesi: Njengomkhakha obalulekile emnothweni wezwe, le nhlangano imele abakhiqizi bakawoyela negesi abasebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmenistan. 5. I-Information Technology Industry Association: Ngokugxila ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ezweni, le nhlangano imele izinkampani ze-IT nezingcweti ezihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, izinsizakalo zezokuxhumana. I-6.Automobile Industry Association : Le nhlangano imele abakhiqizi bezimoto, abasabalalisi, abahlinzeki, izimboni njll. Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izimboni zazo ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokweseka ezifana nokumela izinqubomgomo ezinhle, amathuba enethiwekhi, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, nolwazi lokufinyelela ezimakethe lwamalungu. ,okuvumela ukukhula, ukwenza imizamo ehlanganyelwe ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme.Ngakho ungasebenzisa lawa mawebhusayithi njengemithombo yereferensi ukuze uhlole okwengeziwe emikhakheni ethile noma izinkampani ezihlobene nalabo okukhulunywe ngabo.Ngokuphawulekayo, ngikukhuthaza ukuba uvakashele amawebhusayithi abo ngokuqondile usebenzisa izinjini zokusesha ezibuyekeziwe njengama-URL ngezinye izikhathi. bhekana nezinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Kungaba yinzuzo ngempela uma uhlola amawebhusayithi alezi zinhlangano azokusiza uthole ulwazi olubanzi mayelana nemisebenzi yabo, imizamo yabo, kanye nezidingo zobulungu.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-Turkmenistan iyizwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi, elidume ngemithombo yalo ecebile yemvelo kanye nomnotho ochumayo. Ngezansi amanye amawebhusayithi abalulekile ahlobene nohwebo nomnotho wawo: 1. UMnyango Wezangaphandle Wase-Turkmenistan: Le webhusayithi esemthethweni inikeza ulwazi mayelana nenqubomgomo yezwe yangaphandle, amathuba okutshala izimali, kanye nemithetho yezohwebo. Iwebhusayithi: https://mfa.gov.tm/en/ 2. I-Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (UIET) yase-Turkmenistan: Le nhlangano imele izintshisakalo zamabhizinisi endawo futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula komnotho ngezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi http://tstb.gov.tm/ 3. I-National Institute for Standardization and Metrology (NISM): I-NISM iqinisekisa ukumiswa kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ezimbonini zaseTurkmenistan ngokwakha imithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.turkmenstandartlary.gov.tm/en 4. Isevisi Yombuso Yokuvikela, Ukulawula Imisebenzi Yokuthekelisa Okuthekelisa kanye Nokukhishwa Kwempahla Ethengiswayo (AMASIKO): AMASIKO anomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulawula izinqubo zentela. Iwebhusayithi http://customs.gov.tm/en/ 5. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) yase-Turkmenistan: Le nhlangano isekela ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, yenza lula ubudlelwano nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi inikeza ulwazi lwemakethe oluwusizo. Iwebhusayithi: https://cci.gov.tm/ 6. I-State Commodity Exchange "TURKMENISTAN MERCANTILE EXCHANGE" (Turkmen Konuň Önümçilikleri Beýleki Gossaglyla Girýän Ederji Ýereşdirmesi): Ukushintshaniswa kwempahla kazwelonke kuvumela ukuhwebelana ngezimpahla ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa imikhiqizo kawoyela, izindwangu, umkhiqizo wezolimo, njll. Iwebhusayithi http://www.tme.org.tm/eng 7.I-Turkmen Investment Agency - Indikimba kahulumeni ezinikele ekuheheni abatshalizimali bangaphandle abaqondile e-Turkemnistan: iwebhusayithi:http//:investturkmerm.com Lawa mawebhusayithi azokunikeza imininingwane ephelele ngomnotho wase-Turkmenistan, imithetho yezohwebo, amathuba okutshala imali, nezinye izihloko ezifanele.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningana emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo e-Turkmenistan. Nalu uhlu lwabanye babo kanye nama-URL wabo wewebhusayithi afanele: 1. I-Eurostat - I-Eurostat inikeza idatha yezibalo ngohwebo lwangaphandle lwe-European Union kanye namazwe ngamanye, okuhlanganisa i-Turkmenistan. I-URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/international-trade-in-goods/data/main-tables 2. Imephu Yokuhweba - Le webhusayithi inikeza izibalo zohwebo kanye nolwazi lokufinyelela ezimakethe lwamazwe ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-Turkmenistan. I-URL: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1|||||186||exports&grf_code=8545 3. I-World Bank WITS (World Integrated Trade Solution) - I-WITS inikeza ukufinyelela kudatha yezohwebo, intela, kanye nezilinganiso ezingakhokhisi (NTM). I-URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/country/TMK/startyear/2000/endyear/2019/tradeflow/Imports-and-Exports/reporter/all/partner/all/product/home 4. Isizindalwazi se-COMTRADE YeZizwe Ezihlangene - Isizindalwazi Sezibalo Zokuhweba Ngezimpahla sinikeza idatha enemininingwane yokungenisa/ukuthumela ngezwe nesigaba somkhiqizo. I-URL: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ 5. I-CIA World Factbook - Ngaphandle kolwazi olujwayelekile lwezwe, i-CIA World Factbook iphinde inikeze ngezibalo ezibalulekile ezihlobene nezohwebo ze-Turkmenistan. I-URL: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#economy Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukufinyelela kusizindalwazi esithile noma ulwazi kungase kudinge ubulungu noma inkokhelo kwezinye izimo. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lawa mawebhusayithi ukuze uthole idatha ethile yezohwebo oyifunayo ehlobene ne-Turkmenistan.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Turkmenistan, izwe lase-Asia Emaphakathi, inezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B eziqhuba imisebenzi yebhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi. Lezi zinkundla zihlinzeka ngamathuba okuba amabhizinisi axhumane, ahwebe, futhi asebenzisane. Nazi ezinye izinkundla ze-B2B e-Turkmenistan kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi azo: 1. Ibhizinisi lase-Turkmen: Le nkundla ihlose ukukhuthaza amathuba ebhizinisi e-Turkmenistan ngokuxhuma abahlinzeki bendawo nabathumela kwamanye amazwe nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.turkmenbusiness.org 2. I-Central Asia Trade Center (CATC): I-CATC iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi eyenza amabhizinisi ahwebe ngemikhiqizo namasevisi ngaphakathi kwe-Turkmenistan nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia Emaphakathi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.catc.asia 3. I-AlemSapar: I-AlemSapar inikeza indawo yemakethe yedijithali lapho abahlinzeki bempahla bengakhangisa ngemikhiqizo yabo kuyilapho abathengi besesha futhi bathole izimpahla ezihlukahlukene e-Turkmenistan. Iwebhusayithi: www.alemsapar.com 4. I-MarketTurkmenistan: Le nkundla isiza amabhizinisi ekutholeni ozakwethu bamabhizinisi ahlanganyelwe, izinsizakalo zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe, amaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali, nokunye okwengeziwe emakethe yase-Turkmenistan. Iwebhusayithi: www.market-turkmen.biz I-5.Hi-Tm-Biznes (Hi-TM-Business): I-Hi-TM-Biznes inikeza inkundla kosomabhizinisi nosomabhizinisi ukuthi baxhumane futhi bahlole ubudlelwano bebhizinisi obungaba khona ezweni lase-Turkemnistan. Iwebhusayithi http://www.hi-tm-biznes.gov.tm/ Lezi zinkundla ze-B2B zinikeza umkhakha wezolimo, izindwangu, izinto zokwakha, imishini nezinsiza zokuqasha imishini ngenkathi kusiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwabakhiqizi basekhaya/abathekelisa kanye nabathengi/abatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala noma ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinkundla kungase kwehluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; ngakho-ke kuhle ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu noma uxhumane nezinsiza zendawo ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi inkundla ethize ye-B2B ngesi-Turkmensitan.
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