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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IGreece, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Hellenic Republic, iyizwe laseNingizimu Yurophu elisendaweni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo ye-Balkan. Inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-10.4 futhi ithatha indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-131,957. IGreece idume ngomlando wayo ocebile kanye nethonya elinamandla empucukweni yaseNtshonalanga. Ithathwa kabanzi njengendawo okwazalelwa kuyo intando yeningi, ifilosofi, izincwadi kanye nedrama. Izwe linefa lasendulo elibalulekile elinezindawo eziyizimpawu ezifana ne-Acropolis e-Athens ezibonisa ukubaluleka komlando. Izungezwe izilwandle ezintathu: uLwandle i-Aegean ngasempumalanga, uLwandle i-Ionian ngasentshonalanga, noLwandle iMedithera eningizimu. IGreece inezindawo ezimangalisayo ezihlanganisa amabhishi amangalisayo anamanzi acwebile, izintaba ezinhle njengeMount Olympus - eyaziwa ezinganekwaneni njengekhaya lonkulunkulu - neziqhingi ezinhle njengeSantorini neMykonos. Isiko lamaGreki ligxile kakhulu emasikweni kodwa lihlanganisa namathonya anamuhla. Abantu bendawo bangabantu abanezinhliziyo ezifudumele abazazisayo izibopho zomkhaya nokungenisa izihambi. I-Greek cuisine inikeza izitsha ezimnandi ezifana ne-moussaka ne-souvlaki ezaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ezokuvakasha zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseGreece ngenxa yobuhle bayo bemvelo kanye nokuheha komlando. Izivakashi zivame ukuthutheleka e-Athens ukuze zizothola izimpawu zomhlaba eziyisakhiwo sodumo njengeParthenon noma zihlole izindawo ezidumile eziqhingini njengeKrethe noma iRhodes. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iGreece ibhekane nezinselelo zomnotho eziholela ezindlekweni zokunciphisa izindleko ezibekwe ababolekisi bamazwe ngamazwe ngemuva kokubhekana nenkinga yezezimali kusukela ngo-2009; nokho, ihlale ilwela ukuvuselela umnotho wayo ngokwenza izinguquko. IGreece yajoyina i-NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) ngo-1952 futhi yaba yingxenye ye-European Union (EU) ngo-1981 iqhubeka nokuqinisa ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe ngenkathi iphishekela ukusebenzisana kozinzo kwesifunda namazwe angomakhelwane. Sekukonke, iGreece igqama ngomlando wayo othokozisayo, izindawo ezimangalisayo, amasiko aphilayo kodwa yabelana ngezifiso zesimanje mayelana nokuzinza kwezomnotho kuyilapho ihlezi iyindawo ekhangayo yezivakashi emhlabeni wonke.
Imali Yezwe
IGreece, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Hellenic Republic, iyilungu le-European Union kusukela ngo-1981. Imali esetshenziswa eGreece i-Euro (€), eyamukelwa ngo-2002 kanye namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Ngaphambi kokwamukela i-Euro, iGrisi yayinemali yayo kazwelonke ebizwa ngokuthi i-Greek drachma (₯). Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho nezombusazwe, iGreece yanquma ukushintshela ekusebenziseni uhlobo lwemali lwe-Euro oluvamile ekuhwebeni kwayo kwezezimali. Kusukela lapho, zonke izintengo zezimpahla namasevisi e-Greece zicashunwe ngama-Euro. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iGrisi yamukele ngokugcwele futhi yahlanganiswa nohlaka lwenqubomgomo yezimali ye-Eurozone. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinqumo eziphathelene nezilinganiso zenzalo nokunikezwa kwemali zisingathwa yi-European Central Bank (ECB) kunokuba zilawulwe ibhange elikhulu laseGreece kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Euro njengohlobo lwemali evamile kulethe kokubili izinzuzo nezinselele eGreece. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusiza ukuhwebelana kalula phakathi kwe-Europe njengoba asikho isidingo sokuguqulwa kwemali njalo lapho uqhuba ibhizinisi namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Ukwengeza, ezokuvakasha zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseGreece futhi ukuba nemali yamazwe ngamazwe eyaziwa kabanzi njenge-Euro yenza kube lula ukuthengiselana kwezivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukene. Nokho, iphinde iveze izinselele ngezikhathi zokuntengantenga komnotho noma izinkinga zezimali. Selokhu yajoyina i-Eurozone, iGreece ibhekane nobunzima obukhulu bezomnotho obuholela enkingeni yezikweletu eyaziwayo kusukela ngo-2010. Izwe labhekana namazinga aphezulu okwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngenkathi lizabalaza ukukhokha imali ebolekiwe etholwe ezikhungweni zamazwe ngamazwe. Sekukonke, namuhla umuntu angasebenzisa ama-Euro ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi eGreece lapho ethenga noma enza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana kwezezimali. Amabhange ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinjengokushintshanisa izimali zakwamanye amazwe kuma-Euro noma ukukhipha ukheshi kuma-ATM kusetshenziswa amakhadi amakhulu esikweletu noma edebhithi amukelwa emhlabeni wonke. Sengiphetha, selokhu kwamukelwa i-Euro njengohlobo lwemali olusemthethweni ngo-2002; AmaGreki ahwebe ngedrachma yawo kazwelonke yangaphambilini ngama-euro avumelana ngokuphelele nezinqubomgomo zezezimali ze-European Union ezibekwe yi-ECB.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseGreece yi-Euro (€). Ngokuqondene namazinga okushintshaniswa kwezimali ezinkulu, nazi ezinye izibalo ezilinganiselwe (kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021): - I-Euro engu-1 (€) cishe ilingana ne-1.18 US Dollars (USD). - I-Euro engu-1 (€) cishe ilingana no-0.85 British Pound (GBP). - I-Euro engu-1 (€) cishe ilingana no-130 Japanese Yen (JPY). - I-Euro engu-1(€) cishe ilingana ne-1.50 Australian Dollars(AUD). - Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa ashintshashintsha njalo futhi angahluka kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene njengezimo zemakethe nokuthuthuka komnotho. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uhlole imithombo ethembekile noma izikhungo zezezimali ukuze uthole amanani akamuva kakhulu ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana.
Amaholide Abalulekile
IGreece, izwe elicebile ngomlando namasiko, ligubha amaholide amaningi abalulekile unyaka wonke. Nansi eminye yemikhosi ebalulekile yaseGreece: 1. Usuku Lokuzimela LwamaGreki (ngoMashi 25): Leli holide lezwe likhumbula umzabalazo weGreece wokukhululeka ngaphansi koMbuso Wase-Ottoman ngo-1821. Lolu suku luphawulwa ngama-parade, imikhosi yokuphakanyiswa kwefulegi, nemidanso yesintu. 2. I-Easter (izinsuku ezihlukahlukayo): I-Easter iwumkhosi obaluleke kakhulu wenkolo namasiko eGreece. Ngokuvamile liwela ngedethi ehlukile kune-Western Easter ngenxa yomehluko phakathi kwekhalenda likaGregory nelikaJulian. AmaGreki aya ezinkonzweni zesonto, abambe iqhaza ekubonisweni kweziqhumane ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-lambades," ajabulela ukudla komndeni, futhi abambe iqhaza odwendweni oludumile olukhanyiswa ngamakhandlela olubizwa ngokuthi "Anastasi." 3. Usuku Lwe-Ohi (ngomhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu): Leli holide elaziwa nangokuthi "Usuku Lwesizwe LwamaGreki," leli holide likhumbula ukwenqaba kweGreece ukuzinikela e-Italy phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ngo-1940. Imigubho ihlanganisa imibukiso yezempi, imicimbi yesikole eqokomisa ukushisekela izwe, imibukiso yomlando wamaGreki izinkulumo zokushisekela izwe. 4. Ukulala KweNcasakazi UMariya (ngo-August 15): Okwaziwa ngokuthi “Usuku Lokwenyuka Kwezinto,” leli dili lenkolo ligubha ukukhuphukela kukaMariya ezulwini ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngokwezinkolelo zamaGreki Obu-Orthodox. Abantu abaningi baya ezinkonzweni zesonto ezilandelwa ukudla kwamaholide nemibuthano yomndeni. 5. I-Apokries noma Inkathi Yomkhosi: Lesi sikhathi samaholide ngokuvamile senzeka ngo-February noma ekuqaleni kuka-March ngaphambi kokuba iLent iqale ebuKristwini bobu-Orthodox. AmaGreki agqoka imvunulo, ajoyina imibukiso emikhulu yasemgwaqweni enezinto ezintantayo ezimibalabala nomculo wesintu kuyilapho ezitika ngokudla okufana namakhekhe e-carnival abizwa ngokuthi "Lagana" noma izibiliboco zenyama njenge-souvlaki. 6.May Day (May 1st) : May Day igujwa kulo lonke elaseGreece ngemibhikisho ehlelwa izinyunyana ezihlukahlukene zabasebenzi namaqembu ezombusazwe amela amalungelo abasebenzi kanye nemibuthano yokuzijabulisa efana namaphikhinikhi noma amafestivali angaphandle ahlanganisa amakhonsathi omculo abukhoma. Lawa maholide anikeza ukuqonda ngobuzwe baseGreece, amagugu amasiko, nezinkolelo zenkolo. Abalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubunye, ekulondolozeni amasiko, nasekugubheni impumelelo yesikhathi esidlule yesizwe.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IGreece iyizwe eliseningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu elaziwa ngomlando walo ocebile namasiko. Ngokwesimo sayo sokuhwebelana, iGreece inakho kokubili ukungenisa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okudlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wayo. Okungeniswayo: I-Greece ithembele kakhulu ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zabantu bayo nezimboni. Izimpahla ezinkulu ezivela kwamanye amazwe zihlanganisa imishini, izimoto, uwoyela ongahluziwe, amakhemikhali, izinto zikagesi, kanye nemithi. Lezi zimpahla zitholakala ikakhulukazi emazweni anjengeJalimane, i-Italy, iChina, iRussia, iFrance neNetherlands. Izinga eliphezulu lokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe likhombisa ukuthembela kweGreece emikhiqizweni yangaphandle ukuze isekele isidingo sayo sasekhaya. Ithekelisa: IGreece ithumela ngaphandle izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezinomthelela emnothweni wayo. Izimpahla eziphuma phambili ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zibandakanya ukudla okugayiwe (okufana namafutha omnqumo), imikhiqizo ye-petroleum, imikhiqizo ye-aluminium, izindwangu/izimpahla zokugqoka (njengezingubo), amapulasitiki/izimpahla zenjoloba (okuhlanganisa nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki), izithelo/imifino (njengamawolintshi notamatisi), kanye iziphuzo ezifana newayini. Abalingani abakhulu beGreece yi-Italy Turkey Germany Cyprus United States Bulgaria Egypt United Kingdom Iraq Lebanon Saudi Arabia Romania China Libya Switzerland Serbia Netherlands Russian Federation France Belgium Israel Albania Poland Austria Czech Republic United Arab Emirates Canada India Slovakia Spain Tunisia Qatar Lith uania Brazil Malaysia Georgia Japan South Africa Jordan Kuwait Sweden L iebtenstein Krist not e t Hosp i tal . Lezi zimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisiza ukukhiqiza imali e-Greece ngenkathi ithuthukisa ubudlelwano bohwebo bamazwe ngamazwe. Ibhalansi yohwebo: Ibhalansi yohwebo iyonke ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zezomnotho zomhlaba noma ezinye izici ezithinta ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi aseGreece. Nokho, ngokomlando, iGreece ibikade inesilele kwezohwebo - okusho ukuthi inani lezimpahla ezingenisiwe lidlula inani lezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle - okunomthelela ezinseleleni zomnotho izwe elibhekene nazo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana ngezinguquko kodwa kusabalulekile emabhizinisini aseGreece, ezinkampanini ezingaphansi komhlaba, kanye nozakwethu bohwebo ukuze baqhubeke nokujwayela amasu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula okusimeme kanye nokulinganisela kwe-tradeequation. Sekukonke, isimo sokuhwebelana saseGreece siyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho wayo ethinta izimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IGreece, eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, inethuba elithembisayo lokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zangaphandle. Izwe linezinto ezimbalwa ezilenza libe yindawo ekhangayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Okokuqala, iGreece iziqhayisa ngendawo enamasu esebenza njengesango phakathi kweYurophu, i-Asia kanye ne-Afrika. Isikhundla sayo ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo yamazwekazi amathathu sinikeza ukufinyelela okulula ezimakethe ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke. Ukwengeza, iGreece inogu olubanzi eduze noLwandle iMedithera, okuyenza ibe ichweba elikahle lemizila yokuhweba olwandle. Okwesibili, iGreece inohlu oluhlukene lwezimboni ezigxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe ezifaka isandla emakethe yayo yangaphandle. Izwe laziwa ngemikhiqizo yalo yezolimo efana neminqumo, amafutha omnqumo, izithelo, nemifino - konke okufunwa kakhulu ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wezokuvakasha waseGreece udlala indima ebalulekile kwezomnotho futhi uheha izigidi zezivakashi unyaka ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGreece inamandla amakhulu okuthutha ngemikhumbi ngenxa yesiko layo eliqinile lasolwandle. Izinkampani zemikhumbi zaseGreece ziphakathi kwezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile kumanethiwekhi omhlaba jikelele wezokuthutha. Lokhu kubeka iGreece njengomdlali obalulekile kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke futhi kuveza amathuba okwanda nokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zezomnotho zakamuva ziye zathuthukisa izimo zebhizinisi ezweni futhi zandisa nokuzethemba kwabatshalizimali. Le mizamo iholele ekudalweni kwezimo ezingcono kakhulu zezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezifuna ukusungula imisebenzi noma ubudlelwano namabhizinisi aseGreece. Nakuba lezi zici ezithembisayo zingase zibe khona futhi kunezinselelo okudingeka zibhekwe ukuze kufezeke ngokugcwele amandla emakethe yangaphandle yaseGreece. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-bureaucratic nemithethonqubo ephelelwe yisikhathi engakhinyabeza ukusebenza kwebhizinisi. Kafushane, uma kubhekwa indawo yayo eyisu, amakhono, izikhuthazo, kanye nesimo sebhizinisi esithuthukayo, iGreece inamandla amakhulu angakasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimakethe zayo zohwebo lwangaphandle. Naphezu kwezinselelo ezithile, iGrisi isalokhu isesimweni esihle sokusebenzisa amathuba avela kwezohwebo zomhlaba wonke.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eGreece, kubalulekile ukugxila kulokho okuthandwayo nezimfuno zabathengi baseGreece. Uma kucatshangelwa amagugu ahlukile eGreece amasiko, isimo sezulu saseMedithera, nezimo ezithile zomnotho, nazi izigaba ezimbalwa zemikhiqizo ezingase ziphumelele emakethe yaseGreece: 1. Amafutha omnqumo: IGreece yaziwa ngokukhiqiza kwayo uwoyela we-olive osezingeni eliphezulu. Njengoba kunesimo sezulu esikahle sokutshalwa kwesihlahla somnqumo, uwoyela womnqumo wamaGreki waziwa kabanzi ngokunambitheka kwawo okuhlukile kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo. Ukwandisa lobu bubanzi ngokunikeza izinketho zemvelo noma ezinambithekayo kungaheha abathengi abaningi. 2. Izimonyo zemvelo: AmaGreki ayazisa imikhiqizo yemvelo yokunakekela isikhumba eyenziwe ngezithako zendawo ezinjengoju, amakhambi, nosawoti wasolwandle. Ukugcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zemvelo emigqeni yezimonyo njengokhilimu bobuso, insipho, namafutha kungakhanga kubathengi abakhathalela impilo. 3. Ukudla kwendabuko neziphuzo: Ukunikeza imikhiqizo yendabuko yamaGreki efana noshizi we-feta, uju, iwayini (njenge-retsina), itiye le-herbal (njengetiye lasentabeni), noma izibiliboco zasendaweni kuzoheha abantu bendawo kanye nabavakashi abafuna ukuzwa ukunambitheka kwangempela kwaseMedithera. 4. Imisebenzi yezandla: AmaGreki ayaziqhenya ngefa lawo lobuciko; ngakho-ke imisebenzi yezandla eyenziwe nge-ceramics, impahla yesikhumba (njengezimbadada noma izikhwama), ubucwebe (obugqugquzelwe imiklamo yasendulo), noma izindwangu ezifekethisiwe zingathola isisekelo samakhasimende esiqinile phakathi kwezivakashi ezifuna izikhumbuzo eziyingqayizivele. 5. Izinkonzo eziphathelene nokuvakasha: Uma kubhekwa iGreece edume njengendawo yezivakashi eneziqhingi ezinhle nezindawo ezinomlando njenge-Athens' Acropolis noma isizinda semivubukulo saseDelphi- kunesidingo sezinsiza zokuhamba njengamamephu/imihlahlandlela/izincwadi ezimayelana nomlando/amasiko/ulimi lwamaGreki; amaphakheji okuvakasha agqamisa izindawo ezikhangayo ezingaziwayo angaphinda akhange kubavakashi abanobusha abafuna ukuzizwisa okungelula. Khumbula ukuthi ucwaningo olufanele mayelana nokuziphatha kwabathengi ngokusebenzisa izinhlolovo noma ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe kuzonikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngenkathi kukhethwa ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo ezothengiswa kahle emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseGreece.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Greece, eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele zamakhasimende kanye nezithiyo. Lapho uqhuba ibhizinisi namakhasimende angamaGreki, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu baziswa kakhulu. AmaGreki ancamela ukwenza ibhizinisi nabantu ababaziyo nababethembayo. Ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqinile nokusungula ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kubalulekile ukuze bathole ukwethenjwa nokwethembeka kwabo njengamakhasimende. Amakhasimende angamaGreki ayakwazisa ukungenisa izihambi nokubingelelwa ngemfudumalo. Kuwumkhuba ukubingelelana ngokuxhawulana emhlanganweni, okuhambisana nokubukana kwamehlo nokumamatheka kobungane. Izinkulumo ezincane mayelana nomndeni, isimo sezulu, noma ezemidlalo zingasiza ekusunguleni ubuhlobo ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezindaba zebhizinisi. Ukugcina isikhathi kungase kungabi namandla eGreece njengoba kunjalo kwamanye amazwe. AmaGreki avame ukuba nesimo sengqondo esikhululekile mayelana nokugcina isikhathi futhi angase afike sekwephuzile kancane emihlanganweni. Nokho, kusekuhle ukuthi amabhizinisi angaphandle afike ngesikhathi noma kusenesikhathi ngenxa yokuhlonipha abasingathi bawo. Mayelana nesitayela sokuxhumana, amakhasimende aseGreece angaveza imizwa futhi angahlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezinyakazayo noma ezingxoxweni phakathi nemihlangano. Ukuphazamisana ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nezingxoxo nakho kuvamile phakathi kwamaGreki; kukhombisa umdlandla kodwa akufanele kuqondwe kabi njengokuziphatha okungenanhlonipho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izihloko ezithile kufanele zigwenywe phakathi nezingxoxo namakhasimende esiGreki. Ukuzwela ezindabeni zezombusazwe noma izindaba ezihlobene nomlando njengeMpi Yezwe II kungavimbela izingxabano ezingaba khona noma ukungaqondi. Ngokuvamile, ukuxoxa ngezimali zomuntu siqu khona kanye kuzobhekwa njengokungalungile; esikhundleni salokho gxila ekwakheni ubudlelwano kuqala ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni yezezimali. Futhi gwema noma yikuphi ukuqhathanisa phakathi kweGreece namazwe angomakhelwane njengeTurkey ngenxa yezingxabano zomlando eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwawo. Okokugcina, lapho wethula izipho noma ushintshisana ngamakhadi ebhizinisi, kwenze lokho ngenhlonipho usebenzisa izandla zombili - lokhu kuthinta kubonisa inhlonipho yakho kubuntu bomamukeli kunokumane uqedele ukushintshana ngokushesha. Ukuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende nokugwema noma yiziphi izithiyo zamasiko kuzosiza ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano obuphumelelayo namakhasimende angamaGreki ngenkathi enza ibhizinisi eGreece.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Greece inohlelo olusungulwe kahle lokuphatha amasiko ukuze lilawule ukuhamba kwezimpahla kanye nabantu abangena nabaphumayo ezweni. Njengelungu le-European Union, iGreece ilandela imithetho ye-EU mayelana nokulawulwa kwempahla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, ukuqoqa imisebenzi, nokuvimbela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni njengokushushumbisa. Lapho ungena noma uphuma eGreece, kunamaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule. Okokuqala nokubalulekile, abahambi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi banamapasi asemthethweni azoba semthethweni okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuhlala kwabo okuhlosile. Izakhamizi ezingezona eze-EU nazo zingadinga i-visa ukuze zingene ngokuya ngobuzwe bazo. Emingceleni yaseGreece, ezikhumulweni zezindiza nasezikhumulweni zemikhumbi, kunezindawo zokuhlola izimpahla lapho izikhulu zingahlola khona imithwalo bese zibuza imibuzo ehlobene nohambo lwakho. Kubalulekile ukumemezela noma yiziphi izimpahla ezeqa imikhawulo evunyelwe ngokwenani noma inani ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinhlawulo ezingaba khona noma ukudliwa. Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi izinto ezithile azivunyelwe ukungeniswa noma ukuthunyelwa zisuka eGreece. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, izikhali/iziqhumane, izimpahla zomgunyathi ezephula amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani (njengemikhiqizo yomklami mbumbulu), izinhlobo zezilwane ezivikelwe/imikhiqizo ephuma kuzo (ezifana nezinyo lendlovu), nezinye izinto ezephula imithetho yezempilo yomphakathi noma yokuphepha. Ukwengeza, imikhawulo ethile iyasebenza mayelana nokuthuthwa kohlobo lwemali uma ungena/uphuma e-Greece. Ngokwemithethonqubo ye-EU esetshenziswe yiziphathimandla zentela yaseGreece kusukela ngo-2013/2014 izehlakalo zezinkinga zezimali zenzeke ngaphakathi kweYurophu; abantu kufanele bamemezele isamba esingaphezu kwe-€10,000 (noma inani elilinganayo ngolunye uhlobo lwemali) lapho bevakashela noma bephuma eGreece. Uma kwenzeka uphethe imithi kadokotela equkethe izinto ezichazwa njengezidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic ngezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ngaphansi komthetho wase-Greece kudinga ukuhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti afanelekile njengamaphepha emithi evela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha abagunyaziwe. Ukuthobela le mithetho sekukonke kuzokwenza inqubo yakho yokungena/yokuphuma ibe bushelelezi futhi kuvimbele noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingokomthetho neziphathimandla zamasiko aseGreece kuyilapho uqinisekisa ukuthi uyasijabulela isikhathi sakho sokuhlola leli zwe elihle elicebile ngomlando nezimangaliso zemvelo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Greece, njengamanye amazwe amaningi, inenqubomgomo ethile yentela yokungenisa elizweni ukuze ilawule ukungena kwezimpahla ezweni. Intela yokungenisa ezweni iwuhlobo lwentela ebekwe ezimpahleni ezilethwa eGreece zivela phesheya. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa e-Greece ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo ongeniswayo. Ezinye izigaba ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa imikhiqizo yezolimo, imishini yezimboni, izinto zikagesi, nezimoto. Lawa mazinga angasukela ku-0% ezimpahleni ezithile aye phezulu afinyelele ku-45% wezinto zikanokusho. Ngokungeziwe emazingeni entela yokungenisa ayisisekelo, iGreece iphinda isebenzise intela ye-value-added (VAT) ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile eGreece okwamanje libekwe ku-24%, kodwa kunezilinganiso ezincishisiwe ezikhona emikhiqizweni ethile ebalulekile njengokudla nemithi. Ukuze kunqunywe izintela zokungenisa ezikweletwa abantu ngabanye noma amabhizinisi angenisa izimpahla e-Greece, inani lemikhiqizo engenisiwe liyahlolwa ngokusekelwe kunani layo lamasiko. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izici ezifana nezindleko zokuhamba nezindleko zomshwalense ezihlobene nokuletha lezi zimpahla eGreece. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iGreece ingaphansi kwe-European Union (EU), okusho ukuthi ilandela imigomo nemithetho yohwebo ye-EU. Kanjalo, amanye amazwe ngaphakathi kwe-EU anezivumelwano zohwebo ezikhethekile ne-Greece ezinikeza ukuphathwa okukhethekile noma izintela ezincishisiwe kokuthengisiwe okuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu ngabanye noma amabhizinisi angenisa izimpahla eGreece athobele zonke izinqubo zenkambiso futhi anikeze imibhalo enembayo ephathelene nokungenisa kwazo. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungase kuphumele ezindlekweni ezengeziwe noma izinhlawulo ezibekwe iziphathimandla zentela yaseGrisi. Sekukonke, ukuqonda inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseGreece kubalulekile kunoma ubani obambe iqhaza emisebenzini yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe naleli zwe. Iqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yamaGreki kuyilapho isiza futhi ukulinganisa izindleko ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokungenisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthengiswayo eGreece.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseGreece ihlose ukukhuthaza izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokuvikela ukuzinza kwezomnotho wezwe. Izwe libeka izintela ezihlukahlukene ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe emvelweni yazo kanye nenani lazo. Emikhiqizweni yezolimo, iGrisi isebenzisa uhlelo lwentela oluhlanganisiwe. Imikhiqizo eyisisekelo njengezithelo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu kukhonjelwe emazingeni entela aphansi noma akhululwe ngokuphelele. Izimpahla zezolimo ezigayiwe ezinjengamafutha omnqumo, iwayini, nemikhiqizo yobisi ngokuvamile zibhekana nezintela eziphakeme ngenxa yenani lakho elingeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGreece ikhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe kwamanye amazwe ngokuhlinzeka ngezibonelelo zentela kanye noxhaso. Izimboni ezigxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe njengokukhiqiza izindwangu nezinto zikagesi zijabulela amanani entela ancishisiwe ukuze zithuthukise ukuncintisana kwazo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezithile zingase zibe ngaphansi kwemikhawulo noma zinqatshelwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuphelele. Izinto zobuciko ezibalulekile zomlando noma zamasiko zilawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kugcinwe amagugu ezwe. Ukwengeza, izimpahla zamasu ezihlobene nokuvikeleka kwezwe zingadinga izimvume ezikhethekile ngaphambi kokuthekelisa. Ukuze ihambisane nemithetho ye-European Union (EU), i-Greece ibeka intela ye-value-added (VAT) ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngenani elisebenzayo kuye ngesigaba sazo. Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi avame ukuhileleka ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe angathatha ithuba lezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokubuyisela i-VAT okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa intela ephindwe kabili kwabathumela ngaphandle. IGreece futhi igcina izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala namazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke ezisusa noma ezinciphisa intela emikhiqizweni ethile. Lezi zivumelwano zisiza ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngokunikeza ukufinyelela okukhethekile ezimakethe zangaphandle. Sengiphetha, inqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yaseGreece ihlose ukukhula komnotho okulinganayo kuyilapho ivikela izintshisekelo zezimboni zasekhaya. Ngokukhuthaza imikhakha ethile ngezintela ezincishisiwe kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho ye-EU ngezinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokubuyiselwa kwe-VAT, izwe lisebenzela ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano balo bohwebo bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwalo kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
IGreece iyizwe elinomlando namasiko acebile, futhi liphinde liziqhenye ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ethunyelwa emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nobuqiniso bokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, iGreece isebenzise izindlela zokunikeza isitifiketi sokuthekelisa. Isitifiketi sokuthekelisa eGreece sibandakanya izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana namazinga adingekayo nemithetho ngaphambi kokuba ihambe ezweni. Okunye okubalulekile wukuqinisekisa ukubambelela ezivumelwaneni zokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe, njengalezo ezibekwe yiNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO). Lezi zivumelwano zisiza ukwenza kube lula ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Ukwengeza, iGreece futhi idinga abathumeli kwamanye amazwe ukuthi bathole izitifiketi ezithile ezisuselwe kuhlobo lwemikhiqizo yabo. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo kufanele ihambisane nemithethonqubo ye-European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlangatshezwana namazinga okuphepha kokudla futhi kunciphisa noma yiziphi izingozi zezempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nempahla yezolimo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza zingase zidinge izitifiketi zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezifana nokumakwa kwe-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) noma i-CE (Conformité Européene). Lezi zitifiketi zisho ukuthobela ukucaciswa okuthile kobuchwepheshe noma izimfuneko zokuphepha zezimpahla emikhakheni ethile. Ukusiza abathumeli bangaphandle ekutholeni izitifiketi ezidingekayo, i-Greece isungule izinhlangano ezifana ne-Enterprise Greece kanye ne-Hellenic Accreditation System-Hellas Cert ngaphansi koMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Notshalomali. Lezi zinhlangano zihlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela ngezinqubo zokuthekelisa, zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nezidingo zesitifiketi, ziqhube ukuhlolwa uma kudingeka, futhi zikhiphe izitifiketi ezifanele ngezinjongo zokuthekelisa. Sekukonke, i-Greece iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwesitifiketi sokuthekelisa ekutholeni ukwethenjwa kwabathengi phesheya kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukuthobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ngokuqinile, amabhizinisi aseGreece angakwazi ukwethula izimpahla ezithembekile nezisezingeni eliphezulu ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe - anikele kokubili ebudlelwaneni bezohwebo obuyimpumelelo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokusekela ukukhula komnotho wakuleli.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
IGreece, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Hellenic Republic, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu. Njenganoma yiliphi izwe, umkhakha wezokuthutha kanye nezokuthutha udlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni umnotho wawo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo. Nazi ezinye izincomo ze-logistics ze-Greece: 1. Ingqalasizinda Yechweba: I-Greece iziqhayisa ngamachweba amaningana amakhulu asebenza njengamasango abalulekile ohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-Piraeus Port e-Athene ingelinye lamachweba amakhulu eYurophu futhi inikeza ukuxhumana okuhle kakhulu e-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu. Amanye amachweba abalulekile afaka iThessaloniki, esebenza njengesango eliya eNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, kanye nePatras Port etholakala ohlangothini olusentshonalanga yeGreece. 2. Amasevisi Wezimpahla Zomoya: Uma ukhetha ukuthutha ngendiza ukuze kuthuthwe ngokushesha izimpahla noma izinto ezibolayo, iGreece inezikhumulo zezindiza eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zempahla. I-Athens International Airport iyisikhumulo sezindiza esiyinhloko esinezikhumulo zezindiza ezizinikele ezinikezela ngokuphathwa kahle kanye nezinqubo zokususa intela. Izikhumulo zezindiza ezengeziwe ezifana neThessaloniki International Airport nazo zihlinzeka ngezinsiza zempahla. 3. Inethiwekhi Yomgwaqo: Ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo yaseGreece ixhuma izifunda ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwezwe ngokuqhuba ngempumelelo imisebenzi yezokuthutha yasekhaya. Umgwaqo i-Egnatia Motorway (Egnatia Odos) unqamula enyakatho yeGreece uxhuma i-Igoumenitsa (ugu olusentshonalanga) uye e-Alexandroupolis (ugu olusempumalanga), ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Albania neTurkey. 4. Amasevisi Kaloliwe: Nakuba imigwaqo igcwele ezokuthutha ngaphakathi eGreece, izinsiza zesitimela zingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokuthutha impahla njengempahla eningi noma imishini esindayo ehamba amabanga amade noma ukunyakaza okuwela imingcele ngokuyinhloko kubheke emazweni aseNyakatho Yurophu. 5.Izindawo Zokugcinwa Kwempahla: Inethiwekhi eqinile yokugcina impahla ikhona kulo lonke elaseGreece okwenza kube lula ukuthi amabhizinisi agcine izimpahla ngendlela efanele ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa noma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.Izindawo zezimboni ezigxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe njengalezo eziseduze namadolobha amakhulu asechwebeni zihlinzeka ngezindawo zokugcina impahla ezikhethekile ezifakwe ingqalasizinda yesimanje eqhuba imisebenzi yokuxhumanisa. . I-6.Abahlinzeki Bezinto Zokusetshenzwa Kwenkampani Yesithathu(3PLs): abahlinzeki abaningi bezwe lonke be-3PL basebenza eGreece abanganikeza izinsiza eziphelele zezokuthutha ezihlanganisa ezokuthutha, ukugcinwa kwempahla, kanye nokuvunyelwa kwempahla. Ukusebenzisana nomhlinzeki we-3PL ohlonishwayo kungenza lula imisebenzi yakho ye-supply chain futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle. Sengiphetha, iGreece inenethiwekhi yezokuthutha ethuthuke kahle ehlanganisa amachweba, izikhumulo zezindiza, ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo, nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezisekela ukuhamba kahle kwempahla kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukusebenzisa lezi zinsiza kanye nokusebenzisana nabahlinzeki besevisi abathembekile kungasiza amabhizinisi aqinisekise ukuhleleka okushelelayo kanye nokusebenza kochungechunge lokunikezela ngempahla ezweni.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

IGreece iyizwe elicebile ngomlando, amasiko, nobuhle bemvelo. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, isiphinde saba indawo ekhangayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye namabhizinisi. Abathengi abaningi ababalulekile bamazwe ngamazwe babheke eGreece ukuthola imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nokusungula ubudlelwano. Ukwengeza, izwe lisingatha imibukiso eminingana ebalulekile yokuhweba kanye nemibukiso esebenza njengezinkundla ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzelana nabathengi nabathengisi. Enye yezimboni ezibalulekile eGreece ezokuvakasha. Izwe liheha izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke, okwenza kube nesidingo semikhiqizo ehlobene nokwamukela izihambi, njengempahla yamahhotela, ifenisha, ukudla neziphuzo, izinto zangasese, njll. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kulo mkhakha bavame ukuhlola imakethe yasekhaya yaseGreece noma abambisane nabahlinzeki bendawo ukuze bahlangabezane. izidingo zabo. Enye imboni ebalulekile eGreece ezolimo. Umhlabathi ovundile waseGreece wenza ukuba kukhiqizwe izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, imifino, amafutha omnqumo, iwayini, imikhiqizo yobisi, njll., efunwa ngabathengi bomhlaba wonke. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bavame ukusebenzisana nama cooperatives ezolimo aseGreece noma abalimi ngabanye ukuze bathole lezi zimpahla. IGreece iphinde ibe nomkhakha ocebile wezimbiwa phansi. Ikhiqiza amaminerali afana ne-bauxite (i-aluminium ore), i-nickel ore liquors (esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni insimbi engagqwali), amaminerali ezimbonini (isb., i-bentonite), ama-limestone aggregates (izinto zokwakha), amabhlogo emabula/ama-slabs/amathayela (imabula yamaGreki edume umhlaba wonke) , njll. Lezi zinsiza ziheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna abahlinzeki abathembekile bezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGreece inomkhakha wasolwandle ochumayo ngenxa yendawo yayo enamasu namachweba amaningi. Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezakha imikhumbi zivame ukusebenzisana nezindawo zemikhumbi zaseGreece ukuze zakhe imikhumbi noma zithole izinto zasolwandle ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwazo. Mayelana nemibukiso yezohwebo nemibukiso ebanjelwe eGreece: 1) I-Thessaloniki International Fair: Lo mcimbi waminyaka yonke wenzeka edolobheni laseThessaloniki futhi ugxile emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nobuchwepheshe & innovation/IT solutions/electronics/home appliances/automotive/agro-food/wine-tourism/construction textiles/njll. 2) I-Philoxenia: Iwumbukiso wezokuvakasha wamazwe ngamazwe owenziwa eThessaloniki futhi ugxile ekukhangiseni imikhiqizo namasevisi ahlobene nezokuvakasha, okuhlanganisa amahhotela, izinhlangano zezokuvakasha, izindiza, abahlinzeki bezokuvakasha, njll. 3) I-Food Expo Greece: Lo mbukiso wezohwebo obanjelwe e-Athens ukhombisa inqwaba yemikhiqizo yokudla neziphuzo zamaGreki. Iheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abanentshisekelo yokuthola izinto zokudla zamaGreki ezisezingeni eliphezulu. 4) I-Posidonia: Yaziwa njengomcimbi wasolwandle ohlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni, i-Posidonia isingatha izinkampani eziningi ezihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene embonini yezokuthutha yamazwe ngamazwe. Abathengi kulo mkhakha bavakashela ukuze bahlole ubuchwepheshe bokwakha imikhumbi, izinto zasolwandle, abahlinzeki bezingxenye ezisele, njll. I-5) I-AgroThessaly: Eyenzeka edolobheni laseLarissa (maphakathi neGreece), lo mbukiso ugcizelela ezolimo / ukucubungula ukudla / imfuyo / ukulima emisha. Bobabili abathengi bamaGrikhi nabakwamanye amazwe bazimisele ngokuhlola le mikhakha ngesikhathi se-AgroThessaly. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zemigudu ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo enikezwa yiGreece. Izinsiza ezicebile zezwe nezimboni ezihlukahlukene zikwenza kube indawo ekhangayo kubathengi bomhlaba wonke abafuna imikhiqizo yekhwalithi noma abafuna amathuba okusebenzisana.
E-Greece, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: 1. I-Google (https://www.google.gr): I-Google iyinjini yokusesha edume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise naseGreece. Inikeza imiphumela yosesho ebanzi, amakhasi ewebhu, izithombe, izihloko zezindaba, amamephu, nokunye okuningi. 2. I-Bing (https://www.bing.com): I-Bing enye injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kabanzi ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okufanayo ku-Google. Inikeza ukusesha kwewebhu kanye nokusesha kwezithombe nevidiyo. 3. I-Yahoo (https://www.yahoo.gr): I-Yahoo iyinjini yokusesha edumile enezici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukusesha kwewebhu nezindatshana zezindaba. Nakuba ingase ingasetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-Google noma i-Bing eGreece, isenayo isisekelo somsebenzisi esibalulekile. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo igqama kwezinye izinjini zokusesha ngokugxila kubumfihlo bomsebenzisi. Ayiqoqi imininingwane yomuntu siqu noma ilandelele imisebenzi ye-inthanethi yabasebenzisi. 5. I-Yandex (https://yandex.gr): Nakuba yaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngokusetshenziswa kwayo e-Russia nakwamanye amazwe ayekade eyiSoviet Union, i-Yandex iphinde inikeze izinguqulo zasendaweni ze-Greece ezinemiphumela yolimi lwesi-Greek efanele. Lezi ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa eGreece; kungase kube nezinye ezitholakalayo futhi kuye ngokuthandwa komuntu siqu kanye nezidingo ezithile.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Greece, izinkundla eziyinhloko zamakhasi aphuzi yilezi: 1. Yellow Pages Greece - Inkomba esemthethweni yamakhasi aphuzi yamabhizinisi namasevisi e-Greece. Inikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi ahlukaniswe ngezimboni nendawo. Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpages.gr 2. 11880 - Ihlinzeka ngohla lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lwamabhizinisi namasevisi e-Greece. Abasebenzisi bangasesha imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi, bathole imininingwane yokuxhumana, futhi bafinyelele ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende. Iwebhusayithi http://www.11880.com 3. I-Xo.gr - Uhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi oluku-inthanethi oludumile oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izigaba ezihlukahlukene njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, odokotela, abameli, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi: www.xo.gr 4. Allbiz - Uhlu lwemibhalo yebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe oluhlanganisa uhlu oluvela ezinkampanini zaseGreece ezihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo namasevisi ahlukahlukene. Abasebenzisi bangacinga ngokuya ngesigaba noma igama lenkampani. Iwebhusayithi: greece.all.biz/en/ 5. Uzakwethu Webhizinisi - Inkundla yamakhasi aphuzi ehlinzeka ngokukhethekile ochwepheshe baseGreece abafuna othintana nabo bebhizinisi noma abahlinzeki ezweni. Iwebhusayithi: www.businesspartner.gr 6. I-YouGoVista - Lolu lwazi oluku-inthanethi luhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi endawo e-Greece njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izitolo, izikhungo zezempilo, njll., kanye nezibuyekezo zabasebenzisi. Iwebhusayithi: www.yougovista.com 7. I-Hellas Directories - Ukushicilela uhla lwemibhalo ephrintiwe kusukela ngo-1990s okuhlanganisa womabili amakhasi amhlophe okuhlala kanye nohlu lwamakhasi aphuzi ohwebo okusekelwe ezifundeni ezingaphakathi kweGreece. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi ezinye zezinkomba ezinkulu zamakhasi aphuzi ezitholakala eGreece; kodwa-ke, kungase kube nezinye iziqondisi zesifunda noma ezikhethekile ezitholakalayo futhi kuye ngezidingo zakho ezithile noma indawo ngaphakathi kwezwe

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

IGreece, izwe eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe elaziwa ngomlando walo ocebile kanye nezindawo ezinhle, inezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce ezibhekelela izidingo zokuthenga ngedijithali zezakhamizi zayo. Amanye amapulatifomu e-e-commerce ayinhloko eGreece yilawa: 1. I-Skroutz.gr (https://www.skroutz.gr/): I-Skroutz ingelinye lamawebhusayithi okuqhathanisa amanani adume kakhulu eGreece. Ivumela abathengi ukuthi baqhathanise izintengo nokubuyekezwa kwemikhiqizo kubo bonke abathengisi abaku-inthanethi abaningi. 2. I-Public.gr (https://www.public.gr/): Esidlangalaleni isitolo se-inthanethi se-Greece esaziwayo esihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, izincwadi, amathoyizi, izinto zemfashini, nokunye. 3. I-Plaisio.gr (https://www.plaisio.gr/): I-Plaisio ingenye yezitolo ezinkulu ze-elekthronikhi e-Greece futhi ihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo efana nama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya, namakhonsoli amageyimu. 4. I-e-shop.gr (https://www.e-shop.gr/): I-e-shop inikeza ukukhethwa okuhlukahlukene kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nobuchwepheshe njengamakhompuyutha, ama-peripheral, amakhamera, ama-smartphones emikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. 5. I-InSpot (http://enspot.in/) - I-InSpot iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi egxile kakhulu ezintweni zemfashini zabesilisa nabesifazane okuhlanganisa nezinsiza zezicathulo zezingubo 6.Jumbo( https://jumbo66.com/) - I-Jumbo66 inikeza anhlobonhlobo amathoyizi imidlalo zokubhala ifenisha yezingane izinto zamaswidi ukudla okulula imvunulo ubucwebe izipho abaculi - 7.Warehouse bazaar(https://warehousebazaar.co.uk)- I-Warehouse Bazaar iyisitolo esiku-inthanethi esisebenza ngokukhethekile ngezingubo zemfashini zabo bobabili abesifazane besilisa kanye nemikhiqizo yokuphila yasekhaya yobuhle. Lezi ezinye nje zezibonelo ezivelele; kungase kube nezinye izinkundla ezincane noma amawebhusayithi aqondene ne-niche ethile ahlinzekela izigaba ezithile zomkhiqizo noma amasevisi ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-e-commerce yaseGreece.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Greece, izwe elihle eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, linemithombo yezokuxhumana ephilayo. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile eGreece kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - I-Facebook isetshenziswa kakhulu eGreece ukuze uxhumane nabangane nomndeni, ukwabelana ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, namavidiyo. 2. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram ithole ukuduma okukhulu eGreece phakathi neminyaka edlule. Abantu bayisebenzisela ukwabelana ngezithombe ezikhangayo namavidiyo okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo. 3. I-Twitter (https://twitter.com) - I-Twitter enye inkundla edumile esetshenziswa amaGreki ukwabelana ngemicabango, ukubuyekezwa kwezindaba, nokuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene. 4. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn isetshenziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe baseGreece ngezinjongo zokuxhumana kanye nokufuna amathuba emisebenzi. 5. I-YouTube (https://www.youtube.com) - I-YouTube isidume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi iGreece nayo iyafana. Abadali bokuqukethwe baseGreece basebenzisa le nkundla ukwabelana ngamavidiyo ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa umculo, ama-vlog ohambo, okokufundisa ngobuhle, njll. 6. I-TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com/en/) - Ukuduma kwe-TikTok kukhule ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke kuhlanganise neGreece kusukela yethulwa. Abasebenzisi badala amavidiyo amafushane ajabulisayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ezifana nemidwebo yamahlaya noma imidlalo yokuvumelanisa izindebe. 7. I-Snapchat (https://www.snapchat.com) - I-Snapchat ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-Greece ukwabelana ngezifinyezo ezisheshayo/amavidiyo anyamalalayo ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane. 8.Pinterest( https: // www.pinterest .com )- I-Pinterest isebenza njengenkundla ekhuthazayo yamaGreki lapho engathola khona imibono yokudala ehlobene nezitayela zemfashini, amaphethini wokuklama izimoto avela emhlabeni jikelele 9.Reddit ( https: // www.reddit .com )- I-Reddit ifinyelela engxenyeni ye-Greek tech-savvy lapho beshintshana khona ngemibono ngezinkundla ezibizwa ngokuthi "subreddits"; lawa ma-subreddits ahlanganisa izifundo eziningi ezibhekele izintshisekelo ezahlukene. Lezi izinkundla ezimbalwa zokuxhumana ezidumile eGreece. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ukuthandwa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana kungase kwehluke phakathi kwabantu ngabanye namaqembu obudala, ngakho-ke kukhona nezinye izinkundla ezisekelwe ku-niche ezisetshenziswa imiphakathi ethile noma izintshisekelo zakho ngaphakathi eGreece.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

IGreece inezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni eziningana ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eGreece kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Hellenic Confederation of Commerce and Entrepreneurship (ESEE) - ESEE imele izintshisekelo zezohwebo zamaGreki kanye namabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.esee.gr/ 2. I-Federation of Greek Industries (SEV) - I-SEV iyinhlangano yamabhizinisi ehamba phambili emele imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni eGreece. Iwebhusayithi http://www.sev.org.gr/en/ 3. I-Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises (SETE) - I-SETE iyinhlangano ebalulekile ethuthukisa futhi esekela imboni yezokuvakasha yaseGreece. Iwebhusayithi: https://sete.gr/en/ 4. I-Hellenic Bank Association (HBA) - I-HBA imele izikhungo zamabhange zaseGreece futhi isebenza ukukhuthaza izintshisekelo zomkhakha wamabhange. Iwebhusayithi http://www.hba.gr/eng_index.asp 5. I-Panhellenic Exporters Association (PSE) - I-PSE yinhlangano esekela futhi ikhuthaze abathumeli bangaphandle abangamaGreki ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.pse-exporters.gr/en/index.php 6. I-Athens Chamber of Commerce & Industry (ACCI) - I-ACCI isebenza njengenkundla yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, ihlinzeka ngosizo ezinkampanini ezisebenza e-Athens. Iwebhusayithi: https://en.acci.gr/ 7. I-Federation of Industries Northern Greece (SBBE) - I-SBBE imele izimboni zokukhiqiza ezizinze eNyakatho neGreece, ezimela izintshisekelo zazo ezingeni lesifunda. Iwebhusayithi: http://sbbe.org/main/homepage.aspx?lang=en 8. I-Panhellenic Association for Information Technology & Communications Companies (SEPE) - I-SEPE isebenza ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi e-IT nezokuxhumana, kuhloswe ngawo ukuqinisa umkhakha wezomnotho wedijithali waseGreece. Iwebhusayithi http://sepeproodos-12o.blogspot.com/p/sepe.html 9. Inyunyana yama-Agricultural Cooperatives(MARKOPOLIS)- I- MARKOPOLIS isebenza njengenkundla yemifelandawonye yezolimo eGreece, ihlinzeka ngosekelo kubalimi futhi ithuthukise izintshisekelo zabo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.markopolis.gr/en/home Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekumeleleni izintshisekelo zezimboni kanye nokweseka ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwazo eGreece. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu hlu aluphelele, futhi kungase kube nezinhlangano ezengeziwe zezimboni eziqondene nemikhakha ethile noma izifunda eGreece.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo eGreece ahlinzeka ngolwazi emikhakheni eyahlukene yomnotho wezwe. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) - Isiphathimandla sezibalo esisemthethweni saseGreece, sinikeza idatha ngezinkomba zezomnotho ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.statistics.gr 2. Umnyango Wezomnotho Nentuthuko - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango WezaseGreece obhekele ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Iwebhusayithi http://www.mindigital.gr 3. I-Enterprise Greece - I-ejensi kahulumeni enesibopho sokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwe-Greece kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Iwebhusayithi: www.enterprisegreece.gov.gr 4. I-Athens Stock Exchange (ATEX) - I-stock exchange eyinhloko eGreece, inikeza ulwazi mayelana namasheya, ama-indices, nemisebenzi yokuhweba. Iwebhusayithi: www.helex.gr 5. I-Federation of Industries of Northern Greece (FING) - Umfelandawonye wezimboni wesifunda omele izinkampani eNyakatho neGreece. Iwebhusayithi: www.sbbhe.gr 6. I-Greek Exporters Association (SEVE) - Imele abahwebi bamaGrikhi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene futhi inikeza izinsiza zokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.seve.gr 7. I-Federation of Hellenic Food Industries (SEVT) - Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo emele izintshisekelo zemboni yezokudla yaseGreece ezingeni likazwelonke nelamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.sevt.gr 8. I-Piraeus Chamber of Commerce & Industry (PCCI) - Ihlinzeka ngosekelo namasevisi kumabhizinisi azinze e-Piraeus kuhlanganise nolwazi oluhlobene nohwebo. Iwebhusayithi: www.pi.chamberofpiraeus.unhcr.or.jp Lawa mawebhusayithi anganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile emnothweni waseGreece, amathuba ezohwebo, amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali, izibalo zezimakethe, idatha eqondene nomkhakha othile, kanye nokufinyelela ezinhlanganweni zebhizinisi ezifanele noma izindikimba zikahulumeni ezihlobene nezohwebo nezohwebo eGreece. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ama-URL ewebhusayithi angase ashintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusesha ngqo usebenzisa izinjini zokusesha ngokusebenzisa amagama alezi zinhlangano noma amagama angukhiye ahlobene nomnotho waseGreece kanye nohwebo.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yezohwebo e-Greece ongafinyelela kuwo ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nezibalo zohwebo zezwe. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi kanye nama-URL awo afanele: 1. I-Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT): Iwebhusayithi: https://www.statistics.gr/en/home 2. Isevisi Kazwelonke Yezibalo yaseGreece: Iwebhusayithi: https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE 3. IBhange Lomhlaba - Iphrofayela Yezwe Ye-Greece: Iwebhusayithi: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/greece-country-profile 4. I-Eurostat - Ikhomishini YaseYurophu: Iwebhusayithi: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Greece/international_trade_in_goods_statistics 5. Isizindalwazi se-United Nations Comtrade - Greece: Iwebhusayithi http://comtrade.un.org/data/ Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngedatha yezohwebo egcwele futhi esesikhathini samanje, okuhlanganisa ukungenisa, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, ibhalansi yezinkokhelo, nezinye izibalo ezihlobene eziqondene ngqo nomnotho waseGreece. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokunemba kwedatha kungase kwehluke kuzo zonke lezi zingxenyekazi, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi uhlole ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni eminingi lapho wenza ucwaningo oluningiliziwe noma ukuhlaziya idatha yokuhweba yamaGreki.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-Greece, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B amabhizinisi angazisebenzisa ukuze axhume, ahwebe, futhi ahlanganyele. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B abalulekile eGreece kanye namawebhusayithi awo: 1. I-e-auction: - Iwebhusayithi: https://www.e-auction.gr/ - Le nkundla iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi lapho abathengi ababhalisiwe bengabamba iqhaza ezindalini ezihlukahlukene ukuze bathole imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo. 2. Abathekelisi bamaGrikhi: - Iwebhusayithi: https://www.greekexporters.gr/ - Abakwa-Greek Exporters basebenza njengenkomba ebanzi yabakhiqizi baseGreece, abahlinzeki, nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo abavulekele ubudlelwano bebhizinisi lomhlaba wonke. 3. Bizness.gr: - Iwebhusayithi: https://bizness.gr/ - I-Bizness.gr inikeza inkundla yamabhizinisi aseGreece ukuthi abonise imikhiqizo namasevisi awo kuyilapho exhumana nabangase babe ozakwethu noma amakhasimende endaweni kanye nakwamanye amazwe. 4. Hellas Business Network (HBN): - Iwebhusayithi: http://www.hbnetwork.eu/ - I-HBN iyinethiwekhi yebhizinisi eku-inthanethi eyenza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kosomabhizinisi abangamaGreki ekhaya kanye nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe ngemicimbi, izinkundla, namathuba okubambisana. 5. I-e-Procurement Platform ye-Greece Public Sector (diavgeia): - Iwebhusayithi: https://www.diavgeia.gov.gr/en/web/guest/home - I-Diavgeia iyinkundla yokuthengwa kwempahla nge-elekthronikhi esetshenziswa umkhakha womphakathi waseGreece ukuze kube sobala ezinqubweni zokuthengwa kwempahla yomphakathi, ihlinzeka ngomgudu wokuthi amabhizinisi afinyelele amathenda kahulumeni futhi abambe iqhaza ekubhideni. 6. Inkundla ye-Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (SEV) B2B: - Iwebhusayithi: http://kpa.org.gr/en/b2b-platform - I-SEV B2B Platform igxile ekusizeni ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani ezingamalungu e-Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (SEV), okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem yebhizinisi lendawo. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza amathuba ahlukahlukene ukuze amabhizinisi axhumane nabangase abe ozakwethu, ahlole amathuba okuhweba, futhi azibandakanye ekuhwebeni kwe-B2B kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uvakashele iwebhusayithi yendawo ngayinye ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngamasevisi abo nokuthi bangazisekela kanjani izidingo zakho zebhizinisi.
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