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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Nepal, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iFederal Democratic Republic of Nepal, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseNingizimu ye-Asia. Ihlanganyela neChina enyakatho neNdiya empumalanga, eningizimu, nasentshonalanga. I-Nepal ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-147,516 futhi yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezihlukene. Inhloko-dolobha yezwe nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yiKathmandu. Ulimi olusemthethweni lwaseNepal isiNepali. Nokho, ezinye izilimi eziningana nazo ziyakhulunywa ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwamasiko okukhona ezweni. I-Nepal inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-30. Nakuba iyisizwe esincane, inokubaluleka okukhulu ngenxa yomlando wayo ocebile kanye namagugu amasiko. Iningi labantu liqhuba ubuHindu bulandelwa ubuBuddha njengezinkolo zabo eziyinhloko. I-Nepal inezimangaliso zemvelo ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa i-Mount Everest - isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni - esiheha abantu abasha abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba ohambweni lokuqwala izintaba. Ukwengeza, kunezinye izintaba eziningi ezinhle njenge-Annapurna ne-Kanchenjunga ezinikeza ukubukwa okumangalisayo. Isimo sezwe siyahlukahluka kakhulu ukusuka emathafeni aphansi angaphansi kwesifunda esiseningizimu yeTerai kuya ezindaweni ezinamagquma phakathi nezigodi ezinjengeSigodi saseKathmandu ezidume ngobuhle bazo bemvelo. Lezi zindawo ezihlukene zinikeza amathuba amaningi emisebenzi yangaphandle njengokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuhamba izintaba, ukuvakasha kwezilwane zasendle eziqiwini ezifana neChitwan National Park edume ngemizamo yayo yokongiwa kwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala njengezingwe zaseBengal nobhejane baseNdiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNepal ibambe iqhaza elikhulu emlandweni ngeziNdawo Zamagugu Omhlaba ze-UNESCO njengePashupatinath Temple (indawo ebalulekile yamaHindu yohambo), iBoudhanath Stupa (enye yama-stupas amakhulu emhlabeni wonke), iSwayambhunath (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iMonkey Temple) ekhombisa isiko lamakhulu eminyaka lihlangana ngaphandle komthungo ne isimanjemanje. Kodwa-ke, iNepal ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi ezihlanganisa ubumpofu kanye namathuba alinganiselwe okuthuthukiswa komnotho okuqhubekisele abanye abantu phesheya ukufuna amathuba omsebenzi. Umnotho wezwe usekelwe kakhulu kwezolimo, ezokuvakasha, kanye nezimali ezithunyelwa ngabasebenzi baseNepal baphesheya kwezilwandle. Sekukonke, iNepal iyizwe elicebile ngokwamasiko futhi elihlukahlukene ngokwendalo elinikeza inqwaba yesipiliyoni kubahambi ngeziqongo zalo eziphakeme, amathempeli angaqondakali, kanye nokungenisa izihambi okufudumele kwabantu baseNepal. Iyaqhubeka nokumangaza izivakashi ngobuhle bayo bemvelo namandla angokomoya.
Imali Yezwe
I-Nepal, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iFederal Democratic Republic of Nepal, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseSouth Asia. Imali esemthethweni yaseNepal yi-Nepalese Rupee (NPR). I-Nepalese Rupee ichazwa ngophawu "रू" noma "Rs." futhi ihlukaniswe yaba amayunithi amancane abizwa nge-paisa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenani elinganaki ekwenziweni kwansuku zonke, izinhlamvu zemali ze-paisa azisasetshenziswa. Njengamanje, iNepal inamaphepha asebhange atholakala kumahlelo ka-1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 kanye ne-1000 rupees. Izinhlamvu zemali ezitholakalayo zingamahlelo angu-1 kanye/noma amanani aphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile njengezinhlamvu zemali zesikhumbuzo zemicimbi ekhethekile. Ngokuqondene nezinga lokushintshisana ngemali yangaphandle okuhlanganisa nezinkulu ezifana namadola ase-US (i-USD) noma ama-Euro (i-EUR), liyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zemakethe nezici zomnotho ezithinta i-Nepal nozakwethu bokuhweba. Izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zingashintsha kalula imali yazo ziye kuma-Nepalese Rupees kuma-forex bureaus noma amabhange atholakala kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu namadolobhana. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokuvamile kungcono ukushintshanisa imali ngamashaneli agunyaziwe ukuze ugweme amanothi omgunyathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yezezimali ngaphakathi kwe-Nepal njengokuthenga noma ukudla ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwezindawo zezivakashi lapho amakhadi esikweletu engeke amukelwe kabanzi; ukusebenzisa ukheshi kungabaluleka. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo engaba khona emalini yangaphandle eyethulwa iziphathimandla ngezikhathi ezithile; kubalulekile kubantu abahlela ukuhlala kwesikhashana noma isikhathi eside e-Nepal ukuthi bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nanoma yimiphi imithetho efanele ephoqelelwa iziphathimandla zendawo. Sengiphetha, i-Nepalese Rupee isebenza njengohlobo lwemali olusemthethweni lwase-Nepal namanothi asetshenziselwe kabanzi ukukhokha kwansuku zonke kuyilapho izinhlamvu zemali zingasavamile ukuvama. bayelulekwa ukuthi bashintshisane ngemali ngamashaneli agunyaziwe futhi bazigcine benolwazi mayelana nemithetho efanele ephathelene nokusetshenziswa kwemali yangaphandle eNepal.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali yethenda esemthethweni yaseNepal yi-Nepalese Rupee (NPR). Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso zokushintshana zemali ezilinganiselwe zezinhlobo zemali zomhlaba ezinkulu, nazi ezinye izilinganiso zamanje: I-1 US Dollar (USD) cishe ilingana ne-121.16 Rupee Nepalese (NPR). I-Euro eyi-1 (EUR) cishe ilingana ne-133.91 Rupee Nepalese (NPR). 1 British Pound (GBP) cishe ilingana ne-155.66 Nepalese Rupees (NPR). I-1 Canadian Dollar (CAD) cishe ilingana nama-95.26 Nepalese Rupees (NPR). I-1 Australian Dollar (AUD) cishe ilingana nama-88.06 Nepalese Rupees (NPR). Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zokushintshisana zingahluka futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlole nomthombo onokwethenjelwa noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva kakhulu ngaphambi kokushintshanisa izimali.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Nepal, izwe elinezindawo ezinhle kanye namagugu amasiko acebile, igubha imikhosi eminingi unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi ibaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu baseNepali futhi inikeza ukuqonda ngamasiko nezinkolelo zabo ezihlukahlukene. Omunye wemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu egujwa eNepal iDashain, eyaziwa nangokuthi iVijaya Dashami. Ikhumbula ukunqoba kokuhle phezu kokubi futhi ihlala izinsuku eziyi-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, amalungu omndeni ayahlangana ukuze athandaze kuNkulunkulukazi uDurga, enethemba lezibusiso nokuvikelwa kwakhe. Abantu bashintshana ngezipho nezibusiso kuyilapho abadala benikeza “i-tika” (ingxube yempushana ye-vermillion, izinhlamvu zelayisi neyogathi) emabunzini ezihlobo ezincane njengophawu lothando lwabo. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile yi-Tihar noma i-Deepawali, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi uMkhosi Wezibani. Igujwa izinsuku ezinhlanu, ihlonipha izici ezihlukahlukene njengamagwababa, izinja, izinkomo, izinkabi nezingane zakubo ngemikhosi yokukhulekela eyaziwa ngokuthi i-puja. I-Diyas (izibani zikawoyela) zikhanyiswa ukuze kugwenywe ubumnyama phakathi nobusuku kuyilapho amaphethini e-Rangoli anemibala enziwa ezindaweni zokungena kusetshenziswa izimpushana ezinemibala noma izimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNepal iphinde ibe nemikhosi yezenkolo efana neBuddha Purnima (Usuku Lokuzalwa KukaBuddha), ekhumbula ukukhanyiselwa kokuzalwa kweNkosi uBuddha ngaphansi kwesihlahla seBodhi eLumbini. Abazinikele bavakashela izindlu zezindela begqoke izingubo ezimhlophe futhi bathandaze. I-Lumbini ngokwayo iheha amaBuddha avela emhlabeni wonke abeza ukuzohlonipha kule ndawo engcwele yokuhambela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu baseNepali bagubha iHoli ngokujabula okufana nozakwabo waseNdiya. Lo mkhosi ubonisa ubunye phakathi kwabantu ngokuziba ukuhluka okusekelwe esimeni senhlalo noma ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba kuyilapho kudlalwana ngemibala- emelela injabulo. Ekugcineni kufika i-Chhath Puja- umkhosi wasendulo wamaHindu owawunikezelwe ikakhulukazi ekukhulekeleni u-Sun God Surya efuna ukuchuma nenhlalakahle kwabathandekayo. Uhilela amasiko asekelwe enkolweni eduze nomfula nokukhulekelwa kwelanga phakathi nokuphuma nokushona kwelanga. Le mikhosi ayibonisi nje kuphela ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa abantu ukuze kuqiniswe izibopho zomphakathi futhi kukhuthaze ukuzwana. Ngemikhosi, abantu baseNepali bayawazisa amasiko abo kuyilapho bekhumbula amanani ahlanganisa le mikhosi- uthando, inhlonipho, nobunye.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Nepal iyizwe elivaliwe ezweni eliseNingizimu ye-Asia. Izwe linendawo eyinselele kanye nemithombo yemvelo elinganiselwe, okube nomthelela ekuhwebeni kwalo. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iNepal incike kakhulu emikhiqizweni yezolimo efana netiye, irayisi, izinongo nezindwangu. Lezi zimpahla zenza ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo yezwe yokuthekelisa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinto ezehlukene ezifana nemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nentuthuko elinganiselwe yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezolimo, ukuthunyelwa kwale mikhiqizo kwamanye amazwe kubhekana nezinselelo mayelana nokuncintisana nokulawula ikhwalithi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpahla zaseNepal ezivela kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi ziqukethe imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, imishini nemishini, ubucwebe begolide nesiliva, izinto zokwakha, izinto zikagesi kanye nezimoto. Isidingo salezi zimpahla siqhutshwa yizidingo zokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanjalo namaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda eyenziwa uhulumeni. Naphezu kokuba nemikhawulo ebangelwa indawo ehlala kuyo kanye nezakhiwo zengqalasizinda ezinganele njengemigwaqo noma amachweba axhumene namazwe angomakhelwane njengeNdiya noma iChina, iNepal isabugcina ubudlelwano bohwebo nezizwe ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Abalingani bayo abakhulu bokuhweba bahlanganisa i-India (ehlanganyela umngcele ovulekile), i-China, i-United States, neJalimane phakathi kwamanye. Muva nje, ukuze kuqiniswe ibhalansi yayo yezohwebo, iNepal ibibambe iqhaza ekwandiseni izivumelwano zokuhwebelana ngokukhululeka kwamazwe amabili (ama-FTA) namazwe ahlukene. Ngo-2020, uhulumeni wasayina isivumelwano se-FTA ne-Bangladesh, futhi izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka mayelana nama-FTA angaba khona ne-Sri Lanka. ,Malaysia, kanye namanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.Lawa ma-FTA ahlose ukuthuthukisa amathuba okuthunyelwa kwempahla yase-Nepali kuyilapho enikeza ukufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi zezinketho zokungenisa ngemali ezincintisanayo. Sekukonke, isimo sezohwebo e-Nepal siseyinselele ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa zangaphakathi ezihlanganisa izingqinamba zendawo, ukuntuleka kwemikhakha yokukhiqiza ehlukahlukene, kanye namathuba alinganiselwe okutshala izimali. Nokho, imizamo kahulumeni yokwehlukahlukana ngama-FTA ahlangene amabili inikeza ithemba lokuthuthukisa izimo zokuhweba esikhathini esizayo.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
INepal iyizwe elivaliwe eliseNingizimu ye-Asia, eliphakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezinamandla kwezomnotho, iNdiya neChina. Naphezu kwezingqinamba zayo zendawo, iNepal inamandla okuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo emakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Enye inzuzo enkulu yeNepal yindawo yayo yamasu. Ingasebenza njengendawo ebalulekile yokuhamba phakathi kwezimakethe ezimbili ezinkulu - i-India ne-China. Lokhu kuba seduze kunikeza iNepal inzuzo mayelana nokufinyelela kulezi zisekelo ezinkulu zabathengi. Ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwano babo bokuhweba nabo bobabili omakhelwane, izwe lingaheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe futhi lingene kulezi zimakethe ezinenzuzo enkulu. Ukwengeza, iNepal inezinsiza zemvelo eziningi ezingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuthekelisa. Izwe licebile ngamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi ngenxa yemifula yalo eminingi kanye nezintaba. Ukusebenzisa lo mthombo kungavumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zasekhaya ngisho nokuthumela amandla asalayo emazweni angomakhelwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezolimo zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseNepal. Umhlaba ovundile ukhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ezifana nerayisi, ummbila, ukolweni, itiye, ikhofi, izinongo, njll., zonke zinamandla amahle kakhulu okuthekelisa ngaphandle. Ngokukhuthaza izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme kanye nokutshala izimali ezimbonini ezisekelwe ezolimo ezifana nezindawo zokucubungula ukudla kanye nezindawo zokupakisha-—kanye nengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe—iNepal ingakhuphula amazinga okukhiqiza ezolimo kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwekhwalithi kwamanye amazwe. Ezokuvakasha ngomunye umkhakha onamandla angakasetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle yaseNepal. Njengoba kunezindawo ezimangalisayo ezihlanganisa i-Mount Everest—isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eMhlabeni—kanye Nezindawo Zamagugu Omhlaba eziningana ze-UNESCO njengeLumbini (indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iNkosi uBuddha), izivakashi zithutheleka zizozizwela konke lokho isiko laseNepali elikunikezayo. Ngokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yezivakashi ngezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono abantu bendawo ababambe iqhaza emisebenzini ehlobene nezokuvakasha efana nezinsiza zokwamukela izihambi noma imidlalo yokuzijabulisa ehlinzekwa amapaki kazwelonke noma imizila yokuhamba ngezinyawo——i-Nepal ingaheha izivakashi eziningi kuyilapho ikhulisa imali engenayo evela kulo mkhakha. Sengiphetha, naphezu kokuvalelwa ezweni nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa neminye iminotho emhlabeni wonke; izinzuzo njengendawo eqondile phakathi kwezimakethe zase-India-China eziyibeka njengendawo yokuhamba, izinsiza zemvelo ezinothile, umnotho osekelwe kwezolimo, kanye nemboni yezokuvakasha ekhulayo ihlinzeka ngamathuba amakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle yaseNepal. Ukuze asebenzise ngokugcwele leli khono, uhulumeni kufanele agxile ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda eqinile, akhuthaze izimboni zasekhaya ngokutshalwa kwezimali ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi ethuthukisa izinqubomgomo zokusebenzisa kalula ibhizinisi ukuze ahehe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseNepal, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. Nayi eminye imihlahlandlela yokuthi ungakhetha kanjani okuthengiswayo okulungile: Ucwaningo nokuhlaziya: Qala ngokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu mayelana nezimakethe zamanje, okuthandwa ngabathengi, kanye nezimfuno eNepal. Bheka izigaba zemikhiqizo edumile futhi uhlaziye inzuzo engaba khona. Izidingo zendawo kanye nezintandokazi: Qonda izidingo ezithile, izici zamasiko, nemikhuba yokuthenga yabathengi baseNepali. Gxila emikhiqizweni ehambisana nezintandokazi zabo, njengoba lokhu kuzokwandisa amathuba akho okuphumelela emakethe. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangi: Khomba izimbangi zakho ezigabeni ezifanayo zomkhiqizo futhi uhlole ukunikezwa kwazo. Hlaziya amasu abo entengo, ikhwalithi yezimpahla, imizamo yokufaka uphawu, imigudu yokusabalalisa, nokubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende ukuze uthole imininingwane yokuthi yini esebenza kahle emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseNepal. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi: Qinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ekhethiwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokulawula ikhwalithi. Abathengi baseNepali bayazazisa izimpahla zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinikeza inani lemali. Isu lentengo: Intengo imikhiqizo yakho ngokuncintisana ngokusekelwe emandleni okuthenga endawo kuyilapho ugcina amamajini enzuzo eqinile. Cabangela noma yiziphi izintela zokungenisa noma imisebenzi lapho unquma amasu entengo. Ukucatshangelwa kwezinto: Hlola izindleko zokuhamba, ukutholakala kwezinketho zokuthumela (indiza noma ulwandle), izimfuneko zokuvunyelwa kwempahla kanye nezikhathi zokuhola lapho kuhlolwa izinketho zokuthengisa ezingaba khona. Ukuthobela imithetho: Zijwayeze nemithetho yendawo efana nezitifiketi zomkhiqizo noma izidingo zokulebula ngaphambi kokuphothula noma yikuphi ukukhetha. Iminikelo ehlukahlukene: Khomba ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo kunokugxila kuphela esigabeni esisodwa sento ethile. Lokhu kusabalalisa ubungozi ngenkathi kuhlinzeka ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zabathengi ngaphakathi kwemakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseNepal. Ukuhlelwa komkhankaso wokumaketha: Uma usuhlonze imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu efanele imakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseNepal ngokwengqikithi; dala uhlelo oluphelele lokumaketha oluqondise izethameli zakho ozifunayo ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezifanele - izinkundla eziku-inthanethi (amawebhusayithi/izimakethe/inkundla yezokuxhumana) noma izindlela ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi (imibukiso yezohwebo/abasabalalisi). Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo nokusungula izinto ezintsha: Ngokuqhubekayo uqaphe impendulo yamakhasimende, idatha yokuthengisa, imisebenzi yezimbangi, namandla emakethe. Hlela amasu akho okukhetha umkhiqizo ngokufanele ukuze uhambisane namathrendi nokuthandwayo okuvelayo. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, ungakhetha ngempumelelo imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Nepal futhi wandise amathuba akho okuphumelela kulesi sifunda.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
INepal, izwe elivalekile eliseSouth Asia, yaziwa ngesiko layo elicebile nobuhle bemvelo obumangalisayo. Abavakashi abavakashela eNepal bangathola inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yobuHindu nobuBuddha, njengoba leli zwe liyikhaya lamathempeli nezindela zasendulo eziningi. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zamakhasimende aseNepal ukuthambekela kwabo okuqinile ekugcineni amanani endabuko. Bagxile kakhulu emafa abo amasiko futhi bahlonipha kakhulu amasiko nemikhuba yabo. Lokhu kuhlonipha isiko kuvame ukuba nomthelela ekuthengeni kwabo, njengoba bekhetha imikhiqizo eyenziwe endaweni ekhombisa ubunikazi babo bamasiko. Ukwengeza, amakhasimende aseNepal aqaphela kakhulu amanani. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yabantu abangamalungu eqembu labahola kancane, ukukwazi ukuthengeka kuba yinto ebalulekile enomthelela ezinqumweni zokuthenga. Bavame ukuqhathanisa izintengo ezitolo ezahlukene ngaphambi kokuthenga, bahlale befuna amadili amahle noma izaphulelo. Abantu baseNepalese futhi babeka phambili ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi. Ukuthembela kudlala indima ebalulekile lapho usebenza namakhasimende eNepal; bayabazisa ubudlelwano besikhathi eside obakhelwe phezu kokuqondana nokwethembeka. Ukwakha ubudlelwano ngokusebenzisana njalo noma imicimbi yokuxhumana kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba ebhizinisi kule makethe. Uma ukhangisa kumakhasimende ase-Nepalese, kubalulekile ukuzwela kuma-tabo noma imikhawulo ethile edlangile emphakathini. Ngokwesibonelo, kuthathwa njengokungahloniphi ukuthinta ikhanda lothile njengoba kukholelwa ukuthi lingcwele; ngakho-ke ukugwema ukuthinta okunjalo kungaba ubuhlakani phakathi nokusebenzelana kwamakhasimende. Ngokufanayo, ukubonisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lokubonisa uthando esidlangalaleni kungase kubonakale njengokungalungile noma okucasulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezibucayi njengenkolo noma ezombangazwe kufanele kukhulunywe ngakho ngokuqapha ngaphandle uma kuqalwe ikhasimende ngokwalo. Kungcono ukugcina umbono ongathathi hlangothi ezindabeni ezinjalo kuyilapho ugxile kakhulu ekubafundiseni ngomkhiqizo/isevisi yakho esikhundleni salokho. Ngokuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende kanye nokuhlonipha amasiko endawo kanye nokungavumelekile lapho senza ibhizinisi e-Nepal, izinkampani zingakwazi ukusebenzelana ngempumelelo nabathengi baseNepal kuyilapho zakha ubudlelwano obuqinile obusekelwe ekwethembeni nasekuzweleni amasiko.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
Uhlelo lokuphatha amasiko eNepal lunesibopho sokulawula ukungena nokuphuma kwezimpahla nabagibeli ezweni. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwaqaphele mayelana nemithethonqubo yamasiko yaseNepal: 1. I-Customs Declaration: Bonke abantu abangena noma abaphuma e-Nepal kudingeka bagcwalise ifomu lesimemezelo sentela ngokunembile elinikeza imininingwane yemithwalo yabo, okuhlanganisa izinto zabo siqu, imali, izinto zikagesi, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimpahla ezingaphansi kwemisebenzi noma imikhawulo. 2. Izibonelelo Zamahhala: Abahambi bavunyelwe ukuletha izinto ezithile ngaphandle kwentela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ebekiwe. Isibonelo, ugwayi ongu-200 noma osikilidi abangu-50 noma amagremu angu-250 kagwayi angalethwa mahhala. Ngokufanayo, izibonelelo zotshwala zincike ohlotsheni nenani elithengwe ezitolo ezigunyaziwe. 3. Izinto Ezikhawulelwe/Ezinqatshelwe: Izinto ezithile ezifana nezidakamizwa, izikhali (izibhamu/imibese), imali-mbumbulu/izinto ezilalelwayo, izinto zocansi/izincwadi zokuqukethwe ingcaca/amapheshana/amamagazini/ama-logo alulaza isithunzi sezwe/imishini yomsakazo ngaphandle kwemvume evela kwiziphathimandla ezifanele. njll., zivinjelwe ngokuphelele. 4. Imithetho Yezimali: Kunemikhawulo enanini lemali elingangeniswa noma likhishwe e-Nepal ngaphandle kwesimemezelo - kufika ku-USD 5,000 noma okulinganayo kufanele kumenyezelwe ezinhlinzekweni ngemibhalo efanele. 5. Ukuhlolwa Kwemithwalo: Yonke imithwalo ingaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray lapho ifika futhi isuka ezikhumulweni zezindiza zaseNepal ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kanye nokunquma imisebenzi engase ibe khona yokushushumbisa. 6. Isiteshi Esibomvu/Isiteshi Esikuhlaza: Uma unokuthile okufunayo (okungaphezu kwezibonelelo zamahhala), qhubeka udlule esiteshini esibomvu lapho izikhwama zakho zingase zihlolwe yizikhulu zentela. Uma ungenalutho olwengeziwe oludingekayo ukuze wenze isimemezelo ngemva kokweqa imingcele yemvume evumelekile echazwe yi-Nepalese Customs Act bese uqhubeka nesiteshi esiluhlaza ugwema ukuhlola okuningiliziwe ngaphandle kwalapho kusolwa. 7.Izindawo Zokuhweba Ezivinjelwe/Izindawo Zokuhweba Emngceleni waseNepal-China : Izimvume ezikhethekile zingadingeka ukuze uhwebe phakathi kwezindawo eziseduze nemingcele neShayina okungukuthi: Tatopani/Kodari/Syabrubesi/Rasuwagadhi njll. Izinqubo ezifanele zamasiko anamadokhumenti achazwe ngokucacile zibalulekile ezimweni ezinjalo. Kubalulekile ukujwayelana nemithetho yamasiko yaseNepal ngaphambi kokuhamba ukuze uqinisekise ukungena nokuphuma okushelelayo. Ukungalandeli imithetho yentela kungaholela ekujezisweni, ekuthathweni kwezinto ezinqatshelwe, noma ngisho nezinyathelo zomthetho.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Nepal, izwe elivalekile eNingizimu ye-Asia elaziwa ngama-Himalaya alo amangalisayo, inenqubomgomo ethile yentela yokungenisa. Izwe likhokhisa intela ehlukahlukene ezimpahleni ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuze lilawule ukuhwebelana nokuvikela izimboni zalo zakuleli. Okokuqala, i-Nepal ihlukanisa izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ngaphansi kwezigaba ezihlukene ngokusekelwe kumvelo nenjongo yazo. Lezi zigaba zihlanganisa izinto ezingavuthiwe, izimpahla eziphakathi nendawo, izimpahla ezinkulu, imikhiqizo yabathengi, nezinto zikanokusho. Isigaba ngasinye sinesilinganiso saso sentela. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezimpahla eziphakathi nendawo ezibalulekile ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza zijabulela intela ephansi ukukhuthaza izimboni zasendaweni. Lezi zinto ngokuvamile zidinga ukudlula ekukhishweni kwempahla ngokwemigomo efanele. Izimpahla ezinkulu njengemishini noma okokusebenza okusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokukhiqiza nazo zithola impatho ekhethwayo enezintela zokungenisa eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Uhulumeni uhlose ukukhulisa ukukhula kwezimboni ngokwenza lezi zinto zifinyeleleke kalula. Imikhiqizo yabathengi engakhiqiziwe endaweni ivamise ukubhekana nentela ephezulu yokuvikela amabhizinisi endawo futhi ikhuthaze ukuzimela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le ndlela iyingxenye yesu laseNepal lokunciphisa ukuncika emikhiqizweni eyenziwe kwamanye amazwe. Ukwengeza, izinto ezithile zikanokusho ezifana nezinto zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma izimoto zibhekana nezintela eziphakeme kakhulu njengoba zithathwa njengezingeyona into ebalulekile yokungenisa impahla ehloselwe ikakhulukazi abathengi abadla izambane likapondo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanani entela yokungenisa angahluka kuye ngezivumelwano ezisayinwe phakathi kweNepal namanye amazwe noma izifunda. Lezi zivumelwano zinganikeza izivumelwano zentela noma ukukhululwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yase-Nepal ilwela ukuzuza ukuzinza ngokusekela izimboni zasendaweni kuyilapho ilawula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngempumelelo. Abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele bahlale beqaphela imithetho ekhona ephathelene nentela yempahla ngaphambi kokungenisa noma yiziphi izimpahla ezweni. (Inani lamagama: 271)
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
INepal iyizwe elivalekile eNingizimu ye-Asia, elaziwa ngamagugu alo acebile amasiko kanye nezindawo ezimangalisayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa, iNepal isebenzise izindlela ezithile zokukhuthaza uhwebo nokukhula komnotho. E-Nepal, inqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Uhulumeni uhlose ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ethile emazweni angaphandle ngokuhlinzeka ngezibonelelo zentela kanye nokukhululwa. Izimboni ezigxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe njengezindwangu, okhaphethi, imisebenzi yezandla, kanye nemithi zijabulela izinqubomgomo zentela ezivumayo. Le mikhakha ithola izinzuzo ezifana nezikimu zentela emuva noma amanani entela ancishisiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eminye imikhiqizo ingase ibhekane nezintela eziphakeme noma imikhawulo ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwemvelo noma ukuvikelwa kwemakethe yasekhaya. Isibonelo, izimpahla ezinjengamapulangwe nemikhiqizo yezilwane zasendle zinemithetho eqinile ebekwe yimithetho yezwe kanye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwengeza, iNepal iphinde yasayina izivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezikhethiwe namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-India ne-Bangladesh. Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwemingcele ngokunciphisa intela ezimpahleni ezithile ezihwebelana phakathi kwalawa mazwe. Amalungiselelo anjalo avumela abathumeli bangaphandle base-Nepal ukuthi bafinyelele izimakethe ezinkulu ngamanani ancintisanayo. Imininingwane eqondile yezintela zokuthekelisa esigabeni somkhiqizo ngamunye e-Nepal ingatholakala ku-Customs Tariff Act 2075 (2018). Lesi senzo sihlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi mayelana nentela yempahla eqoqwayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zempahla ngesikhathi sokungenisa noma ukuthekelisa. Sekukonke, uhulumeni waseNepal uyakubona ukubaluleka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho futhi usebenzise izinqubomgomo ezisekela imikhakha eminingana kuyilapho ecabangela ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuvikelwa kwemakethe yasekhaya.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
INepal iyizwe elivaliwe eliseNingizimu ye-Asia, elaziwa ngomlando walo ocebile, amasiko ahlukahlukene, nobuhle bemvelo obumangalisayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngesitifiketi sokuthekelisa, iNepal ilandela izinqubo ezithile zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nobuqiniso bezimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Iziphathimandla eziyinhloko ezinesibopho sokunikeza isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Nepal uMnyango Wezentengiselwano Nokuvikelwa Kwabathengi (DoCSCP). Lo mnyango unomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula nokukhuthaza imisebenzi yohwebo ezweni. I-DoCSCP ikhipha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitifiketi zokuthekelisa ezisuselwe kuhlobo lwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Isitifiketi esisodwa esibalulekile esidingwa abathumeli bangaphandle baseNepali Isitifiketi Somsuka (COO). Lo mbhalo unikeza ubufakazi bokuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zikhiqizwa noma zenziwa eNepal. I-COO isiza ukusungula ubuqiniso bomkhiqizo futhi ivimbele ukukhwabanisa okungenzeka noma imisebenzi yomgunyathi ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Esinye isitifiketi esibalulekile esikhishwe yi-DoCSCP yi-Phytosanitary Certificate, esiqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo esekelwe ezitshalweni ihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zezempilo ezidingekayo ezibekwe ngamazwe angenisayo. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yezolimo evela e-Nepal ayinazo izinambuzane, izifo, noma okunye ukungcola okungase kulimaze izitshalo zasendaweni lapho ithengwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngemikhakha ethile noma izimboni ezibandakanyeka ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe njengezindwangu, imisebenzi yezandla, noma imithi yesintu; kungase kudingeke izitifiketi ezengeziwe. Lezi zitifiketi zingabandakanya izitifiketi ze-ISO zezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi noma izitifiketi zemvelo zomkhiqizo wezolimo. Abathumeli bangaphandle abazinze e-Nepal kufanele futhi bathobele imithetho ethile yokungenisa ebekwe amazwe okuyiwa kuwo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhambisana nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe ekuhwebeni ezifana nezimfuneko zokulebula noma ukuhlola ukuhambisana okufana nokumaka i-CE ekuthunyelweni kwemishini eYurophu. Sengiphetha, inqubo yokukhishwa kwezitifiketi yase-Nepal ihlanganisa imibhalo ehlukahlukene ekhishwe ngokuyinhloko yi-DoCSCP. Ukuqinisekisa kuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kwemvelaphi yomkhiqizo nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokuphepha kwezempilo noma izinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi. Abathumeli bangaphandle baseNepali kufanele bahlale bejwayelene nemithetho efanele ephathelene nezimboni ezithile kuyilapho futhi bethobela izidingo zamasiko ezibekwe amazwe okuyiwa kuwo.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Nepal iyizwe elivaliwe ezweni eliseNingizimu ye-Asia. Naphezu kwezinselelo zayo eziyingqayizivele zendawo, i-Nepal isungule inethiwekhi yezokuthutha esebenza kahle nethembekile ebhekelela izidingo zohwebo lwasekhaya nolwamazwe ngamazwe. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinto zokuhamba, iNepal ngokuyinhloko ithembele ekuthuthweni komgwaqo ngenxa yendawo enezintaba. Izwe linenethiwekhi ebanzi yemigwaqo emikhulu exhuma amadolobha namadolobhana ahlukahlukene. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimo zomgwaqo zingahluka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukusebenzisa abahlinzeki bezokuthutha bendawo abanolwazi abajwayele imizila yendawo futhi abakwazi ukubhekana nesimo sezwe esiyinselele. Ngezinsizakalo zokuthutha ngezindiza, Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Tribhuvan International e-Kathmandu sisebenza njengesango elikhulu laseNepal lempahla yamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza eziningi zokuphatha impahla futhi isisungule ukuxhumana nezinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu zomhlaba. Uma udinga ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo noma unezimpahla ezizwela isikhathi, ukuthutha emoyeni kungaba inketho esebenzayo. Mayelana nezinsiza zokuthutha olwandle, iNepal ayinakho ukufinyelela okuqondile kunoma imaphi amachweba njengoba iyizwe elivaliwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa kungahanjiswa kalula emazweni angomakhelwane njenge-India noma i-Bangladesh kusetshenziswa izindawo zabo zamachweba ngaphambi kokuhanjiswa ezweni lonke kuyiswe eNepal. I-Nepal futhi inezixhumanisi zesitimela neNdiya ezihlinzeka ngezinketho ezengeziwe zokuthutha izimpahla. Ujantshi wesitimela i-Raxaul-Birgunj eduze nomngcele oseningizimu usebenza njengendlela eyinhloko yokuhweba phakathi kweNepal neNdiya. Lapho ucubungula izinketho zokulondoloza noma izixazululo zendawo yokugcina impahla e-Nepal, kunezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezimbalwa ezizimele ezitholakala ezweni lonke ezihlinzeka ngezindawo zokugcina ezivikelekile ezinobuchwepheshe besimanje obufana nezinhlelo zokuphatha i-inventory kanye nezindlela zokulawula izinga lokushisa. Kubalulekile ukubandakanya abathumeli bempahla abangochwepheshe abanolwazi lwendawo kanye nobuchule lapho usebenzelana nemisebenzi yezokuthutha eNepal. Bangasiza ekuzulazuleni izinqubo zamasiko ngendlela efanele kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa. Okokugcina, uma kubhekwa indawo yayo enamasu phakathi kweChina neNdiya - iminotho emibili ekhula ngokushesha - iNepal inamandla amakhulu okuba isizinda semisebenzi yezokuthutha esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kuzophinde kuthuthukise amakhono e-Nepal wezokuthutha futhi kunikeze amathuba engeziwe ohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Sengiphetha, iNepal yakhe inethiwekhi ethembekile yezokuthutha naphezu kwezinselelo zayo zendawo. Izinto zokuhamba zomgwaqo zihlala ziyindlela ehamba phambili yezokuthutha, kanti izinsiza zokuthutha ngendiza zitholakala ngesikhumulo sezindiza i-Tribhuvan International. Ukuthutha olwandle, amachweba wamazwe angomakhelwane angasetshenziswa. Abathumeli bempahla abangochwepheshe kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezizimele nabo bakhona ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kahle ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ezweni.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

INepal iyizwe elivaliwe eliseNingizimu ye-Asia, elisemngceleni weNdiya neChina. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nezinselelo zendawo, iNepal ineziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemibukiso yezohwebo eyenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Enye yeziteshi ezibalulekile zamazwe ngamazwe zokuthengwa kwempahla eNepal iqhutshwa ngezivumelwano zokuhwebelana namazwe angomakhelwane. I-Nepal izuza ngokufinyelela okukhethekile ezimakethe ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zamazwe amabili nezizwe eziningi njengesivumelwano se-South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) namanye amazwe angamalungu e-SAARC. Lokhu kunikeza amabhizinisi aseNepal amathuba okuthi athumele imikhiqizo yawo kulawa mazwe ngamatherifu ancishisiwe noma angekho. Ukwengeza, iNepal iyilungu leNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO), eyivumela ukuba ibambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni zohwebo zomhlaba wonke futhi izuze endleleni ye-WTO yokuxazulula izingxabano. Lobu bulungu buhlinzeka abathekelisi baseNepalese izimo ezikahle zokuhweba emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemibukiso eminingana evelele yezohwebo ebanjelwe eNepal eheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe futhi inikeze izinkundla zokubonisa imikhiqizo namasevisi. Ezinye zezinto eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa: 1. I-Nepal International Trade Fair: Ihlelwa minyaka yonke yi-Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FNCCI), lo mbukiso uhlanganisa ababukisi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezolimo, imisebenzi yezandla, izindwangu, imishini, ezokuvakasha, njll. 2. I-Himalayan Travel Mart: Lo mbukiso ogxile kwezokuvakasha uhlose ukukhuthaza iNepal njengendawo ephambili yokuvakasha kwezokuvakasha. Iheha ama-ejensi wezokuvakasha womhlaba wonke, abaqhubi bezokuvakasha, izindiza, amahhotela/izindawo zokungcebeleka ezifuna ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi. 3. I-Handcraft Trade Fair: Ihlelwe yi-Federation of Handicraft Associations of Nepal (FHAN), lo mbukiso ugxile ekukhuthazeni imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko yase-Nepal njengobumba, ukubaza ngokhuni, umsebenzi wensimbi phakathi kokunye. 4. I-International Construction Expo: Inkundla enikezelwe ezimbonini ezihlobene nokwakha ehlanganisa abahlinzeki bezinto zokwakha/imikhiqizo eduze nabathuthukisi bezindlu/izinkampani zokwakha lapho bengabonisa khona iminikelo yabo yakamuva. I-5.Go Organic Expo & Symposium: Umcimbi waminyaka yonke ogxile ekukhuthazeni ezolimo eziphilayo kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene e-Nepal. Kuyindlela enhle yabakhiqizi bezinto eziphilayo baseNepalese ukukhombisa izimpahla zabo ezingenazo izibulala-zinambuzane. Le mibukiso yezohwebo ihlinzeka ngamathuba kubo bobabili abathengi basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe ukuthi bahlanganyele nabakhiqizi bendawo, bahlole ubudlelwano obungaba khona, futhi bathole imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo ezivela e-Nepal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banegalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho waseNepal ngokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Sengiphetha, naphezu kwesimo sayo sokuvinjwa komhlaba, iNepal inemigudu ebalulekile yokuthenga yamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zokuhwebelana namazwe angomakhelwane njengeNdiya neChina. Ukwengeza, imibukiso yezohwebo efana ne-Nepal International Trade Fair, i-Himalayan Travel Mart, i-Handicraft Trade Fair inikeza izinkundla lapho amabhizinisi engakhombisa khona ukunikela kwawo kubabukeli bomhlaba. Lezi zindlela zikhuthaza ukukhula komnotho eNepal ngokuheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokwenza lula amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kuzo zombili izinkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle ezisebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene yezomnotho.
I-Nepal, izwe elivalekile eNingizimu ye-Asia, yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezimangalisayo ze-Himalaya kanye namagugu amasiko acebile. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinjini zokusesha ezidumile ezisetshenziswa eNepal, kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo. Nazi ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Nepal kanye namakheli azo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Google (www.google.com.np): I-Google ngokungangabazeki iyinjini yokusesha ethandwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula esinamandla okusesha abanzi, okuyenza ibe yinketho ekhethwayo nakubasebenzisi baseNepali. 2. Yahoo! I-Nepal (np.yahoo.com): Yahoo! I-Nepal inikeza izindaba zasendaweni, isevisi ye-imeyili, kanye nenjini yokusesha ezinikele yabasebenzisi baseNepali. Yize ingahle ingadumile njenge-Google emhlabeni jikelele, isenabasebenzisi abaningi abathembekile ezweni. 3. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing enye injini yokusesha evelele enikeza izici ezihlukahlukene njengokusesha iwebhu, ukusesha izithombe, ukusesha amavidiyo, nokunye. 4. I-Baidu (www.baidu.com): Nakuba isetshenziswa kakhulu e-China lapho isabelo semakethe ye-Baidu sidlula esezinye izinjini zokusesha ezifana ne-Google noma i-Bing; ngenxa yokufana kwamasiko phakathi kweChina neNepal kanye nenani elandayo labavakashi baseShayina abavakashela eNepal unyaka ngamunye; abasebenzisi abaningi baseNepali baqale ukusebenzisa i-Baidu ngezinjongo ezithile ezifana nolwazi oluhlobene nokuvakasha kwamaShayina noma isiko. 5. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo iyinjini yokusesha egxile ekuyimfihlo engalandeleli idatha yomsebenzisi noma enikeza imiphumela yomuntu siqu ngokusekelwe emlandweni wokuphequlula. 6. I-Nelta Net Search Engine (nelta.net.np/search/): I-Nelta Net Search Engine yakhelwe ngokuqondile abacwaningi noma abantu abafuna izinsiza zemfundo emkhakheni Wezifundo Zokufundisa Ulimi LwesiNgisi /Education/ Applied Linguistics e-Nepal. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa eNepal; kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bathambekele ekusebenziseni i-Google njengokukhetha kwabo okuyinhloko ngenxa yokubusa kwayo umhlaba wonke kanye nenani elikhulu lolwazi olutholakala ngenkundla yokusesha.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Nepal, amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko ayinkomba ephelele yamabhizinisi nezinsizakalo ezitholakala ezweni. Basiza abantu nezinhlangano ukuthi bathole ulwazi mayelana nezimboni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izibhedlela, izinsiza zezokuthutha, nokunye. Nazi ezinye izinkomba ezinkulu zamakhasi aphuzi e-Nepal kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. Amakhasi Aphuzi I-Nepal: Ingenye yezinkomba ezivelele ze-inthanethi ezinikeza ulwazi mayelana namabhizinisi kuyo yonke imikhakha eyahlukene. Iwebhusayithi https://www.yellowpagesnepal.com/ 2. I-BizServeNepal: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lunikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi kuzo zombili izinkampani zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenza eNepal. Iwebhusayithi http://www.bizservenepal.com/ 3. I-Nepali Yellow Pages (NYP): I-NYP inikezela ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi endawo ahlukaniswe ngohlobo lwemboni. Iwebhusayithi http://nypages.net/ 4. I-NepalYP.com: Iwuhlu lwemibhalo eku-inthanethi olunikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana namakheli amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene e-Nepal. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.nepalyp.com/ 5. Amakhasi Aphuzi Angcono Kakhulu e-Nepal (BYN): I-BYN inikeza inkundla eqinile yabasebenzisi ukucinga izigaba zamabhizinisi ezihlukene ezindaweni ezithile ngaphakathi kwe-Nepal. Iwebhusayithi http://www.bestyellowpagesnepal.com/ 6. I-Yoolk Nepali Business Directory & Travel Guide (Yoolk.com): Le webhusayithi ihlanganisa uhlu oluningiliziwe nokubuyekezwa kwamabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene kanye neziqondiso zokuhamba ezifanele. Iwebhusayithi https://www.yoolk.com.np/ Lezi zinkundla zinikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula lapho izivakashi zingakwazi ukucinga ngomkhakha noma ngendawo ukuze zithole imininingwane yokuxhumana, amakheli, ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende, izilinganiso, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana namabhizinisi abhalisiwe. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala kwewebhusayithi kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; kuhlale kukuhle ukuhlola ukuthi amasayithi asasebenza yini ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

INepal, izwe elihle elivalekile eSouth Asia, libone ukukhula okuphawulekayo embonini yalo ye-e-commerce eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kuvele amapulatifomu amaningana e-e-commerce avelele, ahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene kubathengi baseNepal. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce eNepal kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yawo: 1. I-Daraz (https://www.daraz.com.np): I-Daraz ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zokuthenga eziku-inthanethi zaseNepal. Ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo evela ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa imfashini, izinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, imikhiqizo yobuhle, nokunye. 2. I-Sastodeal (https://www.sastodeal.com): I-Sastodeal ingenye indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi edumile e-Nepal ehlinzeka ngohlu olukhulu lwemikhiqizo ngamanani ancintisanayo. Ihlanganisa imikhakha efana ne-electronics, izingubo zemfashini, izinto zikagesi zasekhishini, izincwadi nezinto zokubhala. 3. I-Kaymu (https://www.kaymu.com.np): I-Kaymu iyinkundla yokuthenga ku-inthanethi lapho abantu bangathenga futhi bathengise izinto ezintsha noma ezisetshenzisiwe ezigabeni ezihlukene ezifana nogesi, izinsiza zemfashini, izinto zemihlobiso yasekhaya nokunye. 4. I-NepBay (https://www.nepbay.com): I-NepBay iyinkundla ye-e-commerce ehlanganisa yonke into ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kusukela kuzinto zikagesi ezithengwayo kuya ezimpahleni zasekhaya nezingubo. 5. I-Hamrobazar (https://hamrobazaar.com): I-Hamrobazar akuyona nje indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi kodwa futhi ihlukanisa iwebhusayithi esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthenga/ukuthengisa kokubili izinto ezintsha nezisetshenzisiwe e-Nepal. 6. I-Muncha (https://muncha.com): I-Muncha inikeza izinketho ezihlukahlukene zezipho ngezikhathi ezifana nezinsuku zokuzalwa noma imikhosi ngokuletha izimbali, oshokoledi noma ezinye izipho eziqondene nawe kulo lonke elase-Nepal. 7.I-Souvenir Hub( https://souvenirhubnepal.com ): Ihabhu lezikhumbuzo linikeza ngezikhumbuzo zendabuko ezifana nemisebenzi yezandla emele ingqikithi yamasiko yase-Nepal elungele kokubili ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu noma izinjongo zezipho. Lezi zinkundla zisize ekuguquleni ulwazi lokuthenga e-Nepal ngokunikeza lula kanye nokufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yabathengi ezweni lonke.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

INepal, eseNingizimu Asia, inezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izakhamizi zayo. Lezi zinkundla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni abantu, ukwabelana ngolwazi nemibono, nokuhlala unolwazi ngezitayela zakamuva. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile eNepal kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook ngokungangabazeki iyinkundla yezokuxhumana esetshenziswa kakhulu eNepal. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngezithombe namavidiyo, bajoyine amaqembu ahlobene nezinto abazithandayo, futhi bahlale benolwazi ngezindaba. 2. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter enye inkundla edumile evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele izibuyekezo noma "ama-tweets" ezinhlamvu ezingafika ku-280. Abantu abaningi baseNepal basebenzisa i-Twitter ukulandela osaziwayo babo abathandayo, osopolitiki, izitolo zezindaba, noma bavele babelane ngemicabango yabo ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram iyinkundla egxile ekubukeni esetshenziselwa ukwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo. Ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwentsha yaseNepal ejabulela ukukhombisa amakhono ayo okuthatha izithombe kanye nokulandela abagqugquzeli nosaziwayo. 4. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): Nakuba yaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngohleloxhumano lwenethiwekhi emhlabeni wonke, i-LinkedIn iphinde isetshenziswe kakhulu e-Nepal ngochwepheshe abafuna amathuba emisebenzi noma bandise ukuxhumana kwabo kochwepheshe. 5. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com): I-YouTube iyinkundla yokwabelana ngamavidiyo enikeza indlela enhle kakhulu yokuba abadali bokuqukethwe abavela e-Nepal babelane ngamavidiyo ahlobene nokuzijabulisa, imfundo, ama-vlog ohambo, amakhava omculo/imidlalo njll. 6. I-TikTok (www.tiktok.com): I-TikTok iqhamuke njengenketho edumile phakathi kwentsha yaseNepal ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okulula ukuyivumela ukuthi yenze ukuvumelanisa izindebe ezimfushane noma ukudlala amavidiyo ahambisana neziqeshana zomculo. 7. I-Viber (www.viber.com): I-Viber iwuhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo oluvumela umlayezo wombhalo wamahhala kanye nokushaya kwezwi/kwevidiyo ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi ngaphakathi kwesisekelo sabasebenzisi bayo kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngezinketho zengxoxo zomphakathi lapho imiphakathi ehlukahlukene engaphakathi kwe-Nepal ingaxoxa ngezithakazelo ezifanayo. 8. I-WeChat (www.wechat.com): Nakuba ingasetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinkundla ezishiwo ngenhla, i-WeChat isasetshenziswa abanye abasebenzisi base-Nepal ukuthumela imilayezo, amakholi wezwi/ngevidiyo, nezici zenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi. 9. I-Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): I-Snapchat uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo ye-multimedia evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele izithombe noma amavidiyo anyamalalayo kubangani. Nakuba ingase ingandile e-Nepal uma iqhathaniswa namanye amapulatifomu, inesisekelo sayo sabasebenzisi phakathi kwabancane baseNepalese. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutholakala nokuduma kwalezi zinkundla zokuxhumana kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezitayela ezivelayo nokuthandwa ngabasebenzisi.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Nepal iyizwe elivaliwe ezweni eliseNingizimu ye-Asia. Yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezinhle, amagugu acebile amasiko, kanye nezilwane zasendle ezihlukahlukene. Umnotho waseNepal uncike ezimbonini nasezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ngayinye imelwe izinhlangano ezithile zezimboni noma izinhlangano zezohwebo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni eNepal: 1. I-Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FNCCI) - I-FNCCI indikimba ephezulu emele amabhizinisi ezinkampani ezizimele e-Nepal. Ithuthukisa amabhizinisi, imele izinqubomgomo ezilungele amabhizinisi, futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene kumalungu ayo. Iwebhusayithi https://www.fncci.org/ 2. I-Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI) - I-CNI imele amabhizinisi ezimboni e-Nepal kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukucutshungulwa kwezolimo, amandla, ezokuvakasha, kanye nezinsizakalo. Iwebhusayithi: https://cni.org.np/ 3. I-Federation of Handicraft Associations of Nepal (FHAN) - I-FHAN igxile ekuthuthukiseni nasekulondolozeni imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko kanye nokweseka ama-artisan abambe iqhaza kulo mkhakha. Iwebhusayithi http://www.fhan.org.np/ 4. I-Hotel Association Nepal (HAN) - I-HAN imele imboni yezokuvakasha e-Nepal ngokunikeza usekelo kubanikazi bamahhotela kuyilapho ithuthukisa izikhungo zezokuvakasha ezweni lonke. Iwebhusayithi http://www.han.org.np/ I-5.Nepal Association of Tour & Travel Agents (NATTA)- I-NATTA isiza ukuthuthukisa nokukhuthaza imisebenzi yezokuvakasha ngaphakathi kwezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa amathuba okuxhumana nama-ejenti okuvakasha. Iwebhusayithi https://natta.org.np/ 6.Nepal Tea Garden Association(NTGA)- I-NTGA imele abanikazi bezingadi zetiye, ilawula intengo, ukwakhiwa kwebhizinisi okusekelwe etiyeni njll. Iwebhusayithi http://www.ntganepal.com I-7.Garment Association-Nepal(GAR): ihlanganisa abakhiqizi bezindwangu futhi inikeza ukwesekwa kokuthuthukisa izimboni zezingubo ngokusebenzisana nababambe iqhaza abakhulu. Iwebhusayithi: https://garnepal.com/ Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje; I-Nepal inezinye izinhlangano ezihlukene zezimboni ezimele imikhakha efana namabhange nezezimali, ezolimo, ezokwakha, ubuchwepheshe bezolwazi, nokunye. Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni nasekukhulumeni izimfuno zezimboni zabo ezweni.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningana ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene neNepal. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo ezinama-URL afanele: 1. Isikhungo Sokuphromotha Ukuhweba Nokuthekelisa (TEPC): Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-TEPC, inhlangano kahulumeni enesibopho sokuphromotha ukuthunyelwa kwe-Nepal nokuhlinzeka ngamasevisi ahlukahlukene kwabathumela ngaphandle. Iwebhusayithi http://www.tepc.gov.np/ 2. Umnyango Wezimboni, Wezohwebo, Nempahla: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngezinqubomgomo, imithetho, amathuba okutshala imali, izibalo zokuhweba, nezinhlangano zamabhizinisi e-Nepal. Iwebhusayithi http://moics.gov.np/ 3. I-Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FNCCI): I-FNCCI iyinhlangano eyisambulela yemboni yangasese ehamba phambili emele izintshisekelo zemboni nezohwebo e-Nepal. Iwebhusayithi https://www.fncci.org/ 4. Umnyango Wempahla Engenayo (i-Nepal Customs): Isizindalwazi esisemthethweni soMnyango sinikeza ulwazi ngezinqubo zentela, amanani entengo, izidingo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukubuyekezwa kwemithetho, njll. Iwebhusayithi http://customs.gov.np/ 5. Ibhodi Lokutshalwa Kwezimali lase-Nepal (IBN): I-IBN inikezwe igunya lokusiza ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zewindi elilodwa kulabo abangaba abatshalizimali. Iwebhusayithi http://ibn.gov.np/ 6. I-Nepal Rastra Bank (Ibhange Elimaphakathi): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yebhange eliphakathi inikeza ulwazi mayelana nezibuyekezo zenqubomgomo yezimali, amanani okushintshanisa, izibalo ezihlobene nezindawo zokushintshisana ngemali yangaphandle, kanye nezinye izinkomba zomnotho. Iwebhusayithi: https://nrb.org.np/ 7. Ibhodi Likazwelonke Lokuthuthukiswa Kwetiye Nekhofi (NTCDB): I-NTCDB igxile ekukhuthazeni ukukhiqizwa kwetiye nekhofi, ukujikeleza, ukucubungula, ukumaketha kanye nemisebenzi yokuthekelisa eNepal. Iwebhusayithi: http://ntcdb.itdg.org. Lawa amanye amawebhusayithi avelele ezomnotho nahlobene nezohwebo aqondene neNepal anganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngomnotho wayo, izinqubomgomo zohwebo, amathuba okutshala imali, idatha yokuthekelisa/yokungenisa, kanye neminye imininingwane efanele edingekayo ekwenzeni ibhizinisi noma ukusebenzelana nezinkampani zaseNepalese.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa edatha yezohwebo atholakalayo ukuze abuze ngemisebenzi yokuhweba yaseNepal. Nazi izinketho ezimbalwa ezinamakheli azo ewebhusayithi afanele: 1. Umnyango Wempahla Ethengiswayo, e-Nepal: Isizindalwazi sikahulumeni esisemthethweni sihlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo kanye nolwazi mayelana nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe nokuthekelisa. Iwebhusayithi http://www.customs.gov.np/ 2. I-Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Supplies, Nepal: Le webhusayithi inikeza idatha yezohwebo kanye nolwazi oludingekayo mayelana nezinqubomgomo zezohwebo, izivumelwano, namathuba okutshala izimali eNepal. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.mics.gov.np/ 3. I-Nepal Rastra Bank (Ibhange Eliyinhloko LaseNepal): Ihlinzeka ngedatha yezomnotho ebanzi ehlanganisa amanani okushintshaniswa kwemali yakwamanye amazwe, izibalo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, izibalo zebhalansi yezinkokhelo zezwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.nrb.org.np/ 4. I-United Nations COMTRADE Database: Lesi sizindalwazi samazwe ngamazwe sivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlole idatha yohwebo lwempahla emazweni angaphezu kuka-170 kuhlanganise neNepal. Iwebhusayithi: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS): I-WITS iyinkundla enobuhlakani eklanywe iBhange Lomhlaba ehlinzeka ngokufinyelela kudatha yezohwebo kanye nentela yemali etholakala emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa ulwazi olumayelana nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe nokuthekeliswa kwempahla yaseNepal. Iwebhusayithi https://wits.worldbank.org/ Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angase abe namazinga ahlukene emininingwane noma agxile ezicini ezithile zedatha yokuhweba yase-Nepal. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlole isayithi ngalinye ngokwezidingo zakho. Khumbula ukubhekisa ngqo emithonjeni efanele yokusebenzisa noma imihlahlandlela lapho usebenzisa ulwazi oluqoqiwe nganoma yiziphi izinjongo zentengiso noma amaphrojekthi ocwaningo.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

INepal iyizwe elivalekile eNingizimu Asia, elaziwa ngesiko lalo elicebile nobuhle bemvelo obumangalisayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngamapulatifomu e-B2B eNepal, kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo ezibhekelela izimboni nemikhakha eyahlukene. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B aphawulekayo eNepal: 1. I-Nepalb2b.com: Le nkundla igxile ekuxhumaniseni amabhizinisi ngaphakathi kwe-Nepal kanye nokukhuthaza imisebenzi yohwebo. Ihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo namasevisi ahlinzekwa izinkampani zaseNepalese, kanye nemininingwane yazo yokuxhumana. Iwebhusayithi: nepalb2b.com 2. I-Exportersnepal.com: Njengoba igama libonisa, le nkundla ye-B2B yenzelwe ngokuqondile ukuxhuma abathumeli bangaphandle baseNepal nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ikhombisa uhla lwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ethunyelwa ngaphandle evela ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene njengendwangu, imisebenzi yezandla, ezolimo, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: exportersnepal.com 3.Trademandu.com: I-Trademandu isebenza njengendawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi lapho amabhizinisi engathenga futhi adayise imikhiqizo emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nogesi, imfashini, imishini yemishini, imikhiqizo yezempilo nobuhle njll. Iwebhusayithi : trademandu.com 4.Nepalexportershub.org: Le nkundla igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwe-Nepalese emhlabeni jikelele ngokuhlinzeka ngohla lwemibhalo lwabathekelisi ababhalisiwe kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo enemininingwane.Iwebhusayithi iphinde ibe nezibuyekezo zezindaba ezihlobene nemisebenzi yokuhweba e-Nepal kwabathintekayo.Webiste : nepalexportershub.org. 5.Ebigmarket.com.np:I-EbigMarket ihlose ukuxhuma abahlinzeki basekhaya nalabo abafuna ukuthenga ngaphakathi kwe-Nepal. Bahlanganisa izigaba eziningi zemikhiqizo kusukela ekudleni neziphuzo, kuya ku-electronics abathengi, imfashini, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya amd more.Iwebhusayithi : ebigmarket.com .np Lezi zinkundla zisebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile kumabhizinisi afuna ukuxhumana nozakwethu basekhaya noma bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kube nokusebenzisana okungahle kube khona noma amathuba ebhizinisi emakethe echumayo yase-Nepal. Amawebhusayithi ashiwo ngenhla kufanele akunikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namasevisi abo nokuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani izidingo zakho ezithile.
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