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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IBhutan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Kingdom of Bhutan, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga ye-Himalayas. Izungezwe yiChina enyakatho neNdiya eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kuka-750,000, iBhutan idume ngokuba ngomunye wemibuso yokugcina yamaBuddha esele emhlabeni. Izwe linendawo yezintaba eneziqongo ezifinyelela kumamitha ayi-7,500. Indawo yayo emangalisayo ihlanganisa izigodi ezijulile, amahlathi aluhlaza, nemifula eneqhwa enomthelela ebuhleni bayo bemvelo obumangalisayo. Uhulumeni ulawula ngokuqinile ezokuvakasha ukuze kulondolozwe indawo eyingqayizivele namasiko aseBhutan. IBhutan isebenzisa ifilosofi eyingqayizivele ebizwa ngokuthi iGross National Happiness (GNH). Lo mqondo ugcizelela ukuthuthuka okuphelele okusekelwe enhlalakahleni engokomoya kunengcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela. Uhulumeni ubeka phambili izinkomba zenjabulo njengokunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ukulondolozwa kwamasiko, nokongiwa kwemvelo. IThimphu inhloko-dolobha yaseBhutan kanye nesikhungo esikhulu sedolobha. Ihlanganisa izitayela zendabuko zezakhiwo nentuthuko yesimanje ngenkathi igcina umoya ozolile. UbuBuddha buthonya ngokujulile impilo yansuku zonke eBhutan; izindlu zezindela namathempeli ahlakazekile ezweni lonke ebonisa amafulege omthandazo ashukumisayo aphephezelisa ngokuvumelana nemvelo. Umnotho waseBhutan ngokuyinhloko uncike kwezolimo (okubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwerayisi), izimboni ezisekelwe emahlathini afana nefenisha eyenza izinto ezisimeme ezifana ne-bamboo noma izinkuni ezivela emahlathini aphethwe; ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi umele omunye umkhakha obalulekile wokukhiqiza imali. Imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni umphakathi lapha; Izikole zinikeza izimiso zobuBuddha kanye nezifundo ezivamile kuwo wonke amazinga emfundo. Ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo mahhala nakho kuhlinzekwa ezweni lonke ngezikhungo zezempilo ezehlukene ezinezinsiza zokwelapha eziyisisekelo. Eminyakeni yakamuva kube nemizamo eyenziwayo yokwenza ingqalasizinda ibe yesimanje ngohlelo lokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo exhumanisa izindawo ezikude ebezingafinyeleleki ngezimoto phambilini. Kodwa-ke, ezokuvakasha zihlala zinomkhawulo ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zama-visa ezidinga izivakashi ukuthi zibhukhe uhambo lwazo ngabanikezeli bokuvakasha abagunyaziwe. Sengiphetha, iBhutan ihluke kwezinye izizwe ngokugxila kwayo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme, ukulondolozwa kwamasiko, kanye nenjabulo njengomgomo kazwelonke. Ngezindawo zayo ezesabekayo nokuzibophezela ekugcineni isiko, iBhutan ngempela iseyizwe eliyingqayizivele nelihehayo.
Imali Yezwe
IBhutan, izwe elincane elivalekile eliseMpumalanga yeHimalaya, linohlobo lwemali yalo eyingqayizivele eyaziwa ngokuthi yiBhutanese ngultrum (BTN). Eyethulwe ngo-1974, i-ngultrum iyimali esemthethweni yaseBhutan futhi iboniswa uphawu "Nu." Izinga lokushintshana le ngultrum lilinganiselwe ku-Indian Rupee (INR) ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-1 Bhutanese ngultrum ilingana ne-1 rupee yaseNdiya. Zombili izinhlobo zemali zingasetshenziswa ngokushintshana ngaphakathi kwe-Bhutan, kodwa amanothi e-BTN kuphela nezinhlamvu zemali ezamukelwayo njengethenda esemthethweni. Ngokuya ngamahlelo, ama-banknotes aseBhutanese akhishwa ngamanani e-Nu.1, Nu.5, Nu.10, Nu.20, Nu.50, Nu.100, kanye ne-Nu.500; kuyilapho izinhlamvu zemali ziza ngamahlelo eChhertum (alingana nama-chhertum angu-25 akha iNgultrum eyodwa) - njengeChhertums -20P/25P/50P & One Ngultrum Coins. Ngenkathi uya eBhutan uvela kwamanye amazwe noma uhlela ukuguqulwa kwemali ngaphambi kokufika kungase kubonakale kudingekile ngenxa yesistimu yayo yemali eyingqayizivele; amabhizinisi amaningi amukela izimali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njengamadola ase-US nama-Euro ngokuthenga okukhulu noma ukukhokha emahhotela. Kodwa-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenzisa izimali zamazwe ngamazwe kungase kungenise izinga lokushintshanisa eliphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa uhlobo lwemali lwasendaweni. Ukuqinisekisa okuhlangenwe nakho okungenazinkinga ngenkathi uvakashela eBhutan noma wenza ukuthengiselana ezweni ngokwalo, kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukuthi abavakashi noma abavakashi abavakashela eBhutan baphathe inani elithile lakho kokubili imali yendawo (i-Ngultrums) yokuthenga okuncane kanye nezimali zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-US Dollars ukuthengiselana okukhulu uma kudingeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uqinisekise namabhange endawo noma abashintshi bemali abagunyaziwe mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimfuneko ezengeziwe noma imikhawulo lapho ushintsha izimali zakwamanye amazwe zibe ngu-Ngultrums ngaphambi kohambo, njengoba isimo semali singase sihluke ngezikhathi ezithile. Sekukonke, isimo semali yaseBhutan sizungeza i-Bhutan ngultrum ekubeni ithenda yayo esemthethweni esemthethweni kanye nezinga lokushintshanisa eligxilile kuma-rupee waseNdiya. Abahambi bayelulekwa ukuthi babe nenhlanganisela yezimali zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ngenkathi bevakashela eBhutan ukuze bathole ulwazi lwezezimali olubushelelezi.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseBhutan yiBhutan ngultrum (BTN). Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso zokushintshanisa zemali elinganiselwe yezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu, sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zingase zishintshe futhi zingahluka kuye ngezimo zemakethe. Nazi ezinye izilinganiso ezinzima kusukela ngoMashi 2022: - I-US Dollar (USD) cishe ilingana nama-77.50 ngultrums waseBhutan. - I-Euro eyi-1 (EUR) cishe ilingana nama-84.50 ngultrums waseBhutan. - I-British Pound (GBP) icishe ilingane ne-107.00 ngultrums yaseBhutan. - 1 Yen yaseJapan (JPY) cishe ilingana no-0.70 Bhutan ngultrum. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zinombolo zinikezwa njengolwazi olujwayelekile futhi akufanele zithathwe njengezilinganiso zesikhathi sangempela noma ezisemthethweni. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlole isikhungo sezezimali noma umthombo othembekile ukuze uthole amanani okushintshanisa anembile kakhulu nakamuva ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwemali.
Amaholide Abalulekile
IBhutan iyizwe elincane elivalekile eliseMpumalanga yeHimalaya. Iyaziwa ngamagugu ayo acebile amasiko kanye namasiko ayingqayizivele, abonakala emikhosini yayo ehlukahlukene. Nansi eminye imikhosi ebalulekile egujwa eBhutan: 1. Umkhosi we-Tsechu: Ama-Tsechus imikhosi yenkolo yaminyaka yonke egujwa ezigodini ezihlukahlukene zezindela nama-dzong (izinqaba) kulo lonke elaseBhutan. Le mikhosi ivamise ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi ihlanganisa imidanso efihlekile kanye namakhonsathi anempilo. Umkhosi we-Tsechu ukhumbula ukuzalwa kukaGuru Rinpoche, usanta ongumvikeli waseBhutan. 2. I-Paro Tshechu: Omunye wemikhosi edume kakhulu nebalulekile eBhutan, i-Paro Tshechu yenzeka minyaka yonke egcekeni ledolobha laseParo eduze kwesakhiwo sezindela saseParo Rinpung Dzong. Ibonisa imidanso ehlukahlukene yemaski, amasiko enkolo, nezingubo zendabuko ezimibalabala. 3. I-Punakha Drubchen ne-Tshechu: Igujwa e-Punakha, inhloko-dolobha yasendulo yaseBhutan, lo mkhosi uhlanganisa izenzakalo ezimbili - i-Drubchen (umfanekiso wempi yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili) ilandelwa i-Tshechu (umkhosi womdanso wenkolo). Kukholakala ukuthi ixosha imimoya emibi kuyilapho ikhuthaza injabulo nokuchuma. 4.Wangduephodrang Tshechu: Isifunda sase-Wangduephodrang siphethe le festiveli ethokozisayo ehlanganisa abantu bendawo ukuze badanse ngezifihla-buso ephelezelwa umculo wesintu kanye nezingoma. I-5.Haa Summer Festival: Lo mcimbi oyingqayizivele wezinsuku ezimbili ugubha izindlela zokuphila zokuzulazula kuyilapho ulondoloza ulwazi lwendabuko mayelana nemikhuba yokwelusa. Izivakashi zingazitika ngezibiliboco zasendaweni, zibone imidlalo yesintu okuhlanganisa nemincintiswano yokugibela i-yak. Le mikhosi yaminyaka yonke inikeza izivakashi amazwibela ngesiko lamaBhutan, izinkolelo ezingokomoya kanye nokunikeza ukuqonda endleleni yabo yokuphila.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IBhutan iyizwe elivaliwe empumalanga ye-Himalayas, emngceleni neChina enyakatho neNdiya eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nenani labantu, iBhutan ibilokhu yenza inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile mayelana nezohwebo. Umnotho waseBhutan uthembele kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yemakethe yayo yasekhaya elinganiselwe. Izwe ngokuyinhloko lithumela kwamanye amazwe ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, amaminerali afana ne-ferrosilicon nosimende, imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nama-apula namawolintshi, ukudla okugayiwe, imisebenzi yezandla, izinsiza zezokuvakasha (okuhlanganisa i-eco-tourism), nemithi yesintu. I-India inguzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo waseBhutan njengoba yabelana ngobudlelwano obuseduze kwezomnotho nezwe. Iningi lezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseBhutan ziqondiswe eNdiya. Izimpahla ezibalulekile ezingenisiwe ezivela eNdiya zihlanganisa uphethiloli (imikhiqizo kaphethiloli), izimoto, imishini nezinto zokusebenza (okuhlanganisa nezikagesi), izinto zokwakha ezifana nosimende nezinsimbi zensimbi. Ukwengeza, iBhutan ibilokhu ihlola amathuba okuhweba namanye amazwe. Isayine Izivumelwano Zokuhweba Ngokukhululekile (ama-FTA) ukuze kwandiswe imakethe yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo: 1) I-Bangladesh: I-FTA yasungulwa ngo-2006 eyenza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kwezimpahla ezithile phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. 2) I-Thailand: Isivumelwano samazwe amabili sasayinwa ngo-2008 sokwandisa ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana. 3) I-Singapore: Ngo-2014, kwaqaliswa i-FTA eyayihlose ukukhuthaza nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamazwe amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBhutan ibamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekubambisaneni kwezomnotho kwesifunda ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano ezifana neSouth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) kanye ne-Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). Lezi zinkundla zinikeza izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezohwebo kwesifunda. Kodwa-ke, umsizi wemenenja jikelele ye-Sonam Wangchuk Miphan Trading Company uthi kunezinselelo ezimbalwa iBhutan ebhekene nazo mayelana nokukhula kwezentengiselwano ezifana nokulinganiselwa komthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yezingqinamba ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda okuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha, ukuthembela emikhakheni embalwa efana nogesi ophehlwa ngamanzi okwenza umnotho ube sengozini yokungakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga. ukushaqeka kwangaphandle, kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwezezimali zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Ekuphetheni, iBhutan kancane kancane yandisa amathuba ayo okuhweba ngokugxila emandleni ayo emkhakheni wokuthekelisa. Imizamo kahulumeni ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana nabalingani besifunda nabamazwe ngamazwe ibalulekile ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe kanye nokuhlukahlukana.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IBhutan, izwe elincane elivalekile eNingizimu ye-Asia, linamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yalo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo nokude, iBhutan inemikhiqizo eyingqayizivele nezinsiza ezingaheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Okokuqala, iBhutan yaziwa ngemithombo yayo yemvelo eningi. Amahlathi aleli zwe ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezingodo neminye imikhiqizo yamahlathi efunwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngezinqubo eziqhubekayo zamahlathi ezikhona, iBhutan ingakwazi ukungena esimisweni esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezinkuni eco-friendly futhi etholakala ngokuziphatha. Okwesibili, iBhutan inefa elicebile lamasiko eliheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ubuciko bendabuko nemisebenzi yezandla yaleli zwe njengokuluka, ukudweba, nokubaza kunamandla amakhulu okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuphromotha le mikhiqizo yobuciko ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zomhlaba jikelele ezifana namawebhusayithi e-commerce noma imibukiso yamazwe ngamazwe, iBhutan ingakwazi ukusizakala ngentshisekelo ekhulayo yomhlaba wonke yezinto ezenziwe ngezandla nezibalulekile ngokwesiko. Ukwengeza, imikhuba yezolimo yaseBhutan eyingqayizivele ikwenza kube sesimweni esihle sokusebenzisa isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yokudla okuphilayo. Izwe lilandela kakhulu izindlela zokulima ngenxa yokuzibophezela ekulondolozeni imvelo. Ngokumaketha izitshalo zabo eziphilayo ezifana nerayisi elibomvu noma amakhambi okwelapha emhlabeni wonke, iBhutan ingakwazi ukuzihlukanisa emakethe yomhlaba wonke njengomthombo wemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla avuselelekayo ayingxenye yomkhakha osafufusa lapho iBhutan inamandla angatholakali okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izwe lithembele kakhulu ekuphehleni ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ngokukhiqiza ugesi osele otholakala ukuze udayiswe phesheya. Ngokusebenzisa le nzuzo yamandla ahlanzekile ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla namazwe angomakhelwane noma ngokubamba iqhaza kumanethiwekhi okuhweba amandla esifunda njenge-SAARC Electricity Grid Interconnection (SEG-I), iBhutan inganweba isisekelo sayo sokuthekelisa ngenkathi inikela emigomeni yokuthuthukiswa kwesifunda. Sengiphetha, nakuba ukuba yisizwe esincane esinezinsiza ezilinganiselwe kungase kuveze izinselele lapho ungena ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe; Nokho, iBhuta inezinzuzo ezihlukile njengokuhlukahluka kwemithombo yemvelo, amagugu amasiko, amandla ahlanzekile, kanye nezinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme.Lezi zici zihlangene zidala amathuba abalulekile okukhula kwezohwebo, futhi uma isetshenziswa kahle, iBhutan ingavula amandla ayo amakhulu angasetshenziswanga ezimakethe zomhlaba.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu emakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseBhutan, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. IBhutan iyizwe elincane elivalekile eNingizimu ye-Asia, elaziwa ngamagugu alo ayingqayizivele nobuhle bemvelo. Nawa amanye amathiphu okuthi ungakhetha kanjani imikhiqizo enekhono eliphezulu lokuphumelela emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseBhutan. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda isidingo sendawo kanye nokuthandwa kwabathengi eBhutan. Abantu baseBhutan banokwazisa okujulile ngemisebenzi yezandla yendabuko kanye nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezandla. Ngakho, ukugxila ezintweni ezifana nezindwangu, imisebenzi yezandla, ubucwebe, nemisebenzi yobuciko kungaba isiqalo esihle. Okwesibili, ukusimama kwemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu eBhutan. Imikhiqizo ekhuthaza imikhuba eco-friendly noma enikela ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile izovame ukukhanga imakethe yabathengi eqaphelayo lapha. Lokhu kungabandakanya imikhiqizo yokudla okuphilayo, izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo, izimpahla ezisekelwe ezintweni ezigaywe kabusha njengezikhwama noma izinto zokubhala. Okwesithathu, kunentshisekelo ekhulayo yokuphila kahle kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene nempilo phakathi kwabathengi baseBhutan. Ngakho-ke, ukucabangela izinto ezifana nezithako zemithi noma izimonyo ezenziwe ngezithako zemvelo kungaba inzuzo. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yezici zayo zokuma kwendawo njengezintaba nemifula eheha abathanda uhambo oluvela emhlabeni wonke - izinto zezemidlalo zangaphandle ezifana negiya lokuqwala izintaba noma izinsiza zemidlalo nazo zingase zibe namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho njengoba ezokuvakasha zingenye yezimboni eziyinhloko; izinto eziyisikhumbuzo ezifana namaketango okhiye anezithonjana zamasiko noma izingubo ezihlobene nezingubo zomdabu nazo zingathola ukuduma phakathi kwezivakashi ezifuna izikhumbuzo ohambweni lwazo. Ekugcineni ukusebenzisana nabakhiqizi bendawo nezingcweti kungasiza ekuboniseni amakhono abo phesheya kuyilapho kukhuthazwa izindlela zokuhweba ezinobulungiswa ezihambisana nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo/imikhiqizo etholakalayo. Ekuphetheni ukuqonda okuthandwayo kwendawo okuhlonipha amasiko ahlanganisa ukusimama okukhuthaza ukuqaphela impilo usebenzisa amathuba ezokuvakasha asekela i-Fair Trade kufanele idlale indima ebalulekile lapho kukhethwa ukukhethwa komkhiqizo odayiswa ngokushisayo ngaphakathi kwemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yesizwe esihle - Bhutan!
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
IBhutan, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Kingdom of Bhutan, iyizwe elincane elivalekile eNingizimu Asia. Yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezimangalisayo, isiko eliyingqayizivele, nokuzibophezela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Uma kukhulunywa ngezici zekhasimende nama-taboos e-Bhutan, nazi izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele: Izici Zekhasimende: 1. Ngenhlonipho: Amakhasimende aseBhutan ngokuvamile anesizotha futhi ahlonipha abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo. Bayayazisa imikhuba emihle, ngakho ukulondoloza isimo sengqondo senhlonipho kubo kubalulekile. 2. Ubulula: Abantu baseBhutan bazisa ubulula endleleni yabo yokuphila futhi balindele ukuthi abantu babe nesineke ngeminikelo ecacile bangakhuthaza ukusebenzisana okungcono kwamakhasimende. 3. Umqondo oqinile womphakathi: Umphakathi waseBhutan unesakhiwo somphakathi esihlangene lapho abantu bevame ukufuna ukuvumelana ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo noma ukuthenga izimpahla/izinsizakalo. 4. Ukucabangela ukongiwa kwemvelo: Ukongiwa kwemvelo kugxilile kufilosofi yeGross National Happiness (GNH), esebenza njengesiqondiso kubakhi bemithetho yezwe kanye nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo. Ama-taboos: 1. Ukungawahloniphi amasiko enkolo: Njengoba ubuBuddha budlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini waseBhutan, kubalulekile ukungadeleli noma ukubukela phansi noma imaphi amasiko noma imikhuba yenkolo. 2. Izingubo zokugqoka ezicasulayo: Gqoka ngesizotha lapho uvakashela amasayithi enkolo noma uxoxa nabantu bendawo. Ukwembula izingubo zokugqoka kungase kubonakale njengokungahloniphi. 3. Ukuboniswa kothando esidlangalaleni: Kungcono kakhulu ukugwema ukuhlanganyela ekuboniseni uthando esidlangalaleni njengokuqabula noma ukwanga, njengoba lokhu kungase kubhekwe njengokungafaneleki esikweni lamaBhutan. 4. Izinyawo njengezindawo ezingavumelekile: Esikweni lendabuko lase-Himalaya kuhlanganise nesiko lamaBhutan, izinyawo zibhekwa njengezingcolile; kanjalo ukusebenzisa izinyawo zakho ngokunganaki kwabanye kungase kukhube ungahlosile. Ukuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende kanye nama-taboos kungakhuthaza ubudlelwano obungcono namakhasimende avela eMbusweni waseBhutan ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzwela kwamasiko kuyahlonishwa. (Qaphela ukuthi le mpendulo idlula amagama angama-300.)
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Bhutan, izwe elivalekile eliseMpumalanga ye-Himalayas, inendawo ehlukile yamasiko kanye nohlelo lokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe. Uhulumeni waseBhutan ulawula ngokuqinile futhi uqaphe imingcele yawo ukuze aqinisekise ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kwabantu bakhe. Ukuze ungene eBhutan, abahambi kudingeka bathole i-visa. Lokhu kungatholwa ngama-tour operators ahlelwe kusengaphambili noma ama-travel agents eBhutan. Kubalulekile ukuthi izivakashi zibe namapasi azo asemthethweni okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kosuku lokungena. Lapho befika kwesinye sezindiza ezikhethiwe zaseBhutan noma ukuwela imingcele, zonke izivakashi kufanele zilethe incwadi yazo yemvume ye-visa ekhishwe uMnyango Wezokufika kanye nepasipoti yazo. Imithwalo yezivakashi izobhekwa kahle izikhulu zentela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinto ezithile zivinjelwe ukungena eBhutan. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izibhamu, iziqhumane, izidakamizwa, imikhiqizo kagwayi eyeqa umkhawulo ovunyelwe (osikilidi abangu-200 noma osikili abangu-50), utshwala obungaphezu kwelitha elingu-1 umuntu ngamunye ongakhokhiswa umsebenzi osebenza kuphela ekusetshenzisweni komuntu siqu, nanoma iyiphi into ethathwa njengewukuvukela umbuso. Abahambi kufanele futhi bamemezele imali yangaphandle engaphezu kuka-USD 10,000 noma okulingana nayo lapho befika. Ukungeniswa kwezitshalo nezilwane kwamanye amazwe (okuhlanganisa izingxenye) ngaphandle kwemibhalo efanele kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Ekuhambeni, bonke abantu abasuka eBhutan kumele bethule incwadi egunyazayo evela ku-Royal Monetary Authority uma bephethe imali engaphezu kuka-USD 10,000. Izikhulu zeCustoms zingaphinde zihlole imithwalo ngaphambi kokuthi zihambe ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ziyahambisana nemikhawulo yokungenisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi abahambi abavakashela eBhutan bahloniphe amasiko endawo kanye namasiko ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwabo. Imikhawulo yezithombe ingasebenza ezindaweni ezithile zezenkolo njengamathempeli noma izindela; ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi ufune imvume ngaphambi kokuchofoza izithombe ezindaweni ezinjalo. Ukuthobela sekukonke emithethweni nemithethonqubo ebekwe yiziphathimandla zamasiko zaseBhutan kuzokwenza ukuvakasha kwakho kube bushelelezi futhi kujabulise ngenkathi kuhlonipha ifa lamasiko lezwe eliyingqayizivele.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Bhutan, izwe elincane elivalekile e-Himalayas, ilandela indlela eyingqayizivele yenqubomgomo yayo yentela yokungenisa. Izwe libeka izintela ezithile kanye nezibopho ezimpahleni ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni zakuleli, ukukhuthaza ukuzimela, kanye nokuqinisekisa intuthuko esimeme. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa e-Bhutan ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingeniswayo. Ezimpahleni ezibalulekile ezifana nezinhlamvu zokudla, imithi, kanye nempahla yezolimo, uhulumeni ngokuvamile ubeka amanani entela aphansi noma uyazikhulula ngokuphelele ukuze aqinisekise ukutholakala kwazo ngamanani akholekayo ezakhamuzini zakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto zikanokusho njengezimoto namagajethi e-elekthronikhi ziheha izintela eziphakeme njengoba zithathwa njengezinto ezingabalulekile. Inhloso yalokhu ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo enjalo engase icindezele izinsiza ezilinganiselwe zaseBhutan noma ilimaze amanani ayo amasiko. Ukwengeza, iBhutan iphinde igcizelele ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi endawo kanye nezimboni zokukhiqiza ngokubeka amanani aphezulu emikhiqizweni ethile engenisiwe engakhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwezwe. Lelisu lihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuncika ezimakethe zangaphandle ngezimpahla ezihlukahlukene zabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBhutan ibeke phambili ukongiwa kwemvelo ngokubeka izintela eziphezulu ezintweni eziyingozi emvelweni noma ezifaka isandla kakhulu ekungcoleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amafutha enziwe ngezinto ezimbiwa phansi afana nophethiloli nodizili anentela ephezulu kakhulu evela kwamanye amazwe njengesikhuthazo kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ukuthi basebenzise ezinye izixazululo zamandla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iBhutan ibuye ibuyekeze njalo izinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokungenisa impahla ngokucabangela ukuguquka kwezinto eziza kuqala kuzwelonke kanye nezimo zezomnotho zomhlaba. Uhulumeni uzama ukuthola ukulingana phakathi kokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezimpahleni ezibalulekile ngesikhathi egqugquzela ukukhula komnotho okusimeme. Ekuphetheni, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseBhutan igxile ekuvikeleni izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokukhuthaza ukuzethemba kuyilapho ibeka phambili ukusimama kwemvelo. Izigaba ezihlukene zezimpahla ezingenisiwe ziheha amanani entela ahlukahlukene ngezinto ezibalulekile ngokuvamile ezibhekene namazinga aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokunethezeka noma ukungenisa okungabalulekile. Le ndlela ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezomnotho kuyilapho ivikela izindinganiso zamasiko futhi ilondoloza imithombo yemvelo kulesi sizwe esihle esaziwa ngeGross National Happiness kunamasu okuthuthukisa i-GDP.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Bhutan, izwe elincane elivalekile eliseMpumalanga ye-Himalayas, isebenzise inqubomgomo yentela eyingqayizivele eyaziwa ngokuthi uMthetho Wentela Yokuthengisa kanye Nomsebenzi Wentela. Le nqubomgomo iveza izilinganiso zentela ezisetshenziswa kukho kokubili izimpahla ezingenisiwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Mayelana nentela yokuthekelisa, iBhutan isebenzisa indlela ethambile yokuthuthukisa izimboni zayo zasendaweni. Uhulumeni ulwela ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngokubeka izintela ezincane emikhiqizweni ethile noma ngisho nangokuyikhulula emisebenzini. Lelisu lihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthuthukisa umnotho wezwe. Izilinganiso zentela zezimpahla ezithunyelwe ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwazo kanye nezigaba. Eminye imikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu kukhonjelwa intela ephansi yokuthekelisa noma ingase ikhululwe ngokuphelele ekukhokhisweni intela ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokusekela umkhakha wezolimo waseBhutan nokwenza lula ukukhula kwale mboni ebalulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpahla zezimboni ezifana nezindwangu, imisebenzi yezandla, ukudla okugayiwe, amaminerali, noma izinto ezincane ezikhiqiziwe zingase zikhokhe intela yokuthekelisa emaphakathi. Lezi zintela azihlosile nje kuphela ukukhiqiza imali kodwa futhi zikhuthaza amabhizinisi endawo akhiqiza lezi zimpahla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iBhutan ibeka phambili intuthuko esimeme kanye nokugcinwa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izinsiza zemvelo ezithile ezifana nezingodo noma amaminerali angavuseleleki zingabhekana nemithetho eqinile uma kuziwa ekuzithumeleni kwamanye amazwe. Izintela kulezi zinsiza zivame ukuba phezulu uma ziqhathaniswa neminye imikhiqizo ukuze kunqandwe ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kuyilapho kukhuthazwa ukuphatha okunesibopho kwezimpahla zemvelo zaseBhutan. Sekukonke, izinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yaseBhutan zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwayo ekukhuliseni izimboni zasekhaya ngenkathi icubungula izici zokusimama kwemvelo zinjalo. Ngokusebenzisa amanani entela avumayo ezigabeni zomkhiqizo okhethiwe noma ukukhulula imisebenzi ngokuphelele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe okubalulekile njengomkhiqizo wezolimo , iBhutan ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho ngenkathi igcina ukulingana namasu okuthuthukisa aholwa yimvelo.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
IBhutan, izwe elivalekile eliseMpumalanga ye-Himalayas, yaziwa ngesiko layo elicebile nendlela eyingqayizivele yentuthuko. Naphezu kokuba isizwe esincane esinezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, iBhutan ibilokhu igxile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme nokugcina ifa layo lamasiko. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iBhutan ngokuyinhloko incike emikhakheni emithathu eyinhloko: ezolimo, amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kanye nezokuvakasha. Okunye okubalulekile okuthekelisa okuvela eBhutan yimikhiqizo yezolimo. Izwe linezigodi ezivundile ezisekela ukulinywa kwezilimo ezifana nerayisi, ummbila, amazambane, izithelo ezisawolintshi nemifino. Le mikhiqizo yezolimo eseqophelweni eliphezulu ivamise ukuthunyelwa emazweni angomakhelwane njengeNdiya. Okunye okubalulekile okuthekelisa okuvela eBhutan amandla kagesi wamanzi. Ngenxa yezindawo zayo ezinezintaba nemifula egeleza ngokushesha, iBhutan inamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ugesi ngamanzi. Uhulumeni utshale imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni amaphrojekthi kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi afaka isandla kokubili ezidingweni zamandla asekhaya futhi akhiqize ugesi osele ukuze uthunyelwe eNdiya. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezokuvakasha ziye zaba umthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo eBhutan. Ngezindawo zalo ezimangalisayo namasiko amasiko alondoloziwe, izwe liheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ezifuna okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele. Izivakashi zingahlola izindela zasendulo njenge-Paro Taktsang (Isidleke seTiger) noma zicwilise emikhosini yendabuko efana ne-Tsechu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yalokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, iBhutan ilandela inqubo yesitifiketi esiqashelwa izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ezifana ne-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) noma i-WTO (World Trade Organization). Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuhlobene nezolimo akunawo amakhemikhali ayingozi noma izibulala-zinambuzane kuyilapho kubambelela ezenzweni zokulima ezisimeme. Ukuthunyelwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi kulawulwa ngezivumelwano zamazwe amabili phakathi kweBhutan neNdiya njengoba ugesi omningi okhiqizwayo uthunyelwa lapho. Lezi zivumelwano ziqinisekisa ingqalasizinda yokudlulisa okuthembekile kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kugcinwe amazinga angaguquki okunikezwayo. Ezinkonzo eziphathelene nezokuvakasha ezifana namahhotela noma ama-ejensi ezokuhamba e-Bhutan afuna ukuqashelwa umhlaba wonke kanye nokuvakasha kwabantu bangaphandle adinga izitifiketi ezifanele ezingase zihlanganise ukuthobelana nokuphepha, inhlanzeko, noma izindinganiso zemvelo. Sengiphetha, ukuthengiswa kweBhutan ngokuyinhloko kuqhutshwa ezolimo, amandla kagesi wamanzi, kanye nezokuvakasha. Ukuze kugcinwe isithunzi sazo sezimakethe futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamazwe ngamazwe, izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokunikeza izitifiketi ziyasebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokusimama kwalokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Bhutan, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Land of the Thunder Dragon, iyizwe elincane elivalekile empumalanga ye-Himalayas. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nendawo ekude, iBhutan yenze izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imboni yayo yezokuthutha ukuze isekele umnotho wayo okhulayo kanye nokwandisa ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Uma kuziwa nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha, iBhutan ibilokhu itshala imali ekuthuthukiseni inethiwekhi yayo yomgwaqo. Umthambo oyinhloko oxhuma izifunda ezihlukahlukene zezwe Umgwaqo Omkhulu Kazwelonke 1. Lo mgwaqo omkhulu uxhumanisa iBhutan neNdiya engumakhelwane futhi usebenza njengomzila obalulekile wokuphila ekuthuthweni kwempahla ekhaya. Nakuba ukuthutha emgwaqeni kuseyiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokuthutha izimpahla ngaphakathi eBhutan, kwenziwa imizamo yokwandisa ukuxhumana komoya nojantshi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhanjiswa kwempahla. I-Paro International Airport isebenza njengesango elibalulekile labo bobabili abagibeli kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Ixhuma iBhutan namadolobha amakhulu amaningana eNdiya, Nepal, Thailand, Singapore, Bangladesh nakwamanye amazwe. Ezimpahleni zempahla ezizwela isikhathi noma ezibolayo ezidinga ukulethwa okusheshayo noma ukuphathwa okukhethekile okufana nemithi noma umkhiqizo wezolimo oneshelufu yesikhathi esifushane, ukuhamba ngendiza kungaba inketho enconyiwe. Ngemithwalo emikhulu yempahla edinga ukuthuthwa amabanga amade ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kwemingcele yesikhathi, impahla yasolwandle ingacatshangelwa. I-Bhutan ayinakho ukufinyelela okuqondile kunoma imaphi amachweba ngenxa yemvelo yawo evalekile kodwa ithembele emachwebeni atholakala e-India njenge-Kolkata (Calcutta) Port ukuze ithunyelwe olwandle. Abathumeli bangaphandle/abathumela kwamanye amazwe bangase bahlanganyele nezinkampani ezithumela impahla ezisebenza ngomkhumbi olwandle phakathi kwalawa machweba kanye nezindawo zawo zokugcina. Ngokuphathelene nezinqubo ze-custos clearance ku-logistics ye-Bhutan's chain, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kuye kwenziwa ngezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokushintshana kwedatha ye-elekthronikhi ezindaweni zokuhlola emngceleni nasemahhovisi amasiko. Abathekelisi/abathekelisa kudingeka banikeze imibhalo edingekayo mayelana nemininingwane yokuthunyelwa efana namakhophi ebhili ye-lading/airway kanye nama-invoyisi ahlobene/ama-invoyisi entela acacisa amanani ezinto/imisebenzi ekhokhwayo/izilinganiso ze-vat. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okushelelayo kuyo yonke inqubo ye-supply chain ngaphakathi kwe-Bhutan, kuhle ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenzisane eduze nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zendawo. Laba bahlinzeki besevisi banolwazi olujulile ngemakethe yendawo futhi banganikeza izixazululo ezilungiselelwe izidingo ezithile. Abanye abahlinzeki bezinto ezisebenza kahle abasebenza eBhutan bahlanganisa iBhutan Post, A.B. I-Technologies Pvt Ltd, kanye ne-Prime Cargo Services Pvt Ltd. Sekukonke, ngenkathi iBhutan ibhekene nezinselelo ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwayo kwezindawo, imizamo ehlangene kahulumeni kanye nemboni ezimele iqinise amakhono okusebenza kwezwe. Ngezinketho ezingcono zokuxhuma, ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, izinqubo zenkambiso ezihlelekile, nokusekelwa kwabahlinzeki besevisi ye-logistics abanolwazi, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuzulazula indawo eyingqayizivele ye-logistical ye-Bhutan ngokuphumelelayo.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Bhutan, izwe elincane elivalekile eNingizimu ye-Asia, ineziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Naphezu kokuba isizwe esizimele, iBhutan ibilokhu yenza imizamo yokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho nokuheha abathengi bangaphandle. Ake sihlole ezinye zezindlela ezibalulekile zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eBhutan. 1. Umnyango Wezohwebo (DoT): I-DoT ingenye yezikhungo zikahulumeni eziyinhloko ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana eBhutan. Benza izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nemihlangano yomthengi-nomthengisi, imibukiso yezohwebo, nemibukiso yokubonisa imikhiqizo evela eBhutan kubathengi abangaba khona emhlabeni jikelele. 2. I-International Trade Fairs: I-Bhutan ibamba iqhaza emibukisweni emikhulu yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe lapho amabhizinisi angakhangisa ngemikhiqizo yawo futhi athole abathengi abangaba abathengi noma ozakwethu. Eminye imibukiso ebalulekile ihlanganisa: - I-Ambiente: Lo mbukiso wezimpahla zabathengi owaziwayo owenziwa minyaka yonke eFrankfurt, eJalimane unikeza ithuba labathumeli bangaphandle baseBhutan ukuthi babonise imisebenzi yabo yezandla, izindwangu, ubucwebe, neminye imikhiqizo. - I-World Travel Market (WTM): Njengoba ezokuvakasha ingenye yezimboni ezibalulekile emnothweni waseBhutan; umbukiso we-WTM oba minyaka yonke e-London uvumela abamele umkhakha wezokuvakasha ukuthi bakhuthaze amaphakheji okuvakasha futhi bahlole amathuba okubambisana. - I-SAARC Trade Fair: Ukuba yilungu le-SAARC (i-South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation), iBhutan iphinde ihlanganyele emibukisweni yokuhweba yesifunda ehlelwe ngamazwe e-SAARC. Le mibukiso inika amandla ukuxhumana nabathengi abavela emazweni angomakhelwane njenge-India, Bangladesh, Nepal, njll. 3. Izinkundla ezisekelwe ku-inthanethi: Izinkundla ze-E-commerce seziphenduke isiteshi esibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele. Eminyakeni yakamuva, izingcweti zaseBhutanese ziqale ukusebenzisa izimakethe eziku-inthanethi njenge-Etsy ne-Amazon Handmade ukuze bathengise ubuciko babo obuyingqayizivele bezandla emhlabeni jikelele. 4. Amanxusa namanxusa: Izithunywa zenxusa ezitholakala phesheya zidlala indima ebalulekile njengabagqugquzeli phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abangahle babe namabhizinisi asekelwe ngaphakathi kweBhutan. Bavame ukuhlela imicimbi evumela abakhiqizi basekhaya noma abadwebi ukuthi baxhumane nabathengi abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene. 5. Imboni Yezokuvakasha: Nakuba ingahlobene ngokuqinile nokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, imboni yezokuvakasha yaseBhutan isekela ngokungaqondile amabhizinisi endawo ngokuheha izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ezinentshisekelo kumagugu amasiko ezwe nemisebenzi yezandla. Abavakashi bangathenga imikhiqizo yendawo ngokuqondile, banikeze amabhizinisi emisebenzi yezandla indlela ukuze abonise izimpahla zawo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yomnotho omncane waseBhutan nezinselele zendawo, amathuba okuthengwa kwempahla ngamazwe angase alinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezizwe ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni waseBhutan usebenza ngokuzikhandla ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yokugqugquzela ukuhweba nokudala iziteshi ezizinzile zokukhula kwamabhizinisi ngamazwe ngamazwe.
E-Bhutan, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo: 1. I-Google: Njengenjini yokusesha edume kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, i-Google isetshenziswa kakhulu naseBhutan. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziningi zokusesha futhi ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yendawo yezifunda ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi iBhutan. Iwebhusayithi ingafinyelelwa ku-www.google.com. 2. Yahoo!: Yahoo! enye injini yokusesha evame ukusetshenziswa eBhutan. Inikeza ukusesha kwewebhu kanye nezindaba, izinsiza ze-imeyili, nezinye izici. Iwebhusayithi ingatholakala ku-www.yahoo.com. 3. I-Bing: I-Bing iphinde isetshenziswe abantu abaningi baseBhutan ekusesheni kwabo ku-inthanethi. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho lwewebhu kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene njengamamephu, ukuhumusha, nezibuyekezo zezindaba. Ungafinyelela i-Bing ku-www.bing.com. 4. I-Baidu: Nakuba ngokuyinhloko yaziwa ngokuthi injini yokusesha yamaShayina, i-Baidu ithole ukuduma phakathi komphakathi okhuluma isiShayina eBhutan ngenxa yokufana kwamasiko nokujwayelana kolimi okwabiwe phakathi kwesiMandarin nesiDzongkha (ulimi olusemthethweni lwaseBhutan). I-Baidu isiza ukusesha iwebhu kanye nezinye izinsiza ezifana namamephu nosesho lwezithombe. Isizindalwazi singatholakala ku-www.baidu.com. 5. I-DuckDuckGo: Yaziwa ngendlela yayo egxile kubumfihlo bomsebenzisi, i-DuckDuckGo iphinde isetshenziswe abantu abathile e-Bhutan ababeka ubumfihlo obuthuthukisiwe kuqala phakathi nosesho lwabo lwe-inthanethi noma bancamela imiphumela engachemile ngaphandle kwe-algorithms yokulandelela yomuntu siqu ephazamisa ukunemba kolwazi noma ukungathathi hlangothi. Iwebhusayithi ingafinyelelwa ku-duckduckgo.com. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba lezi ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa eBhutan, izakhamuzi eziningi zingase zisasebenzisa amapulatifomu esifunda noma athile kuye ngokukhetha kwabo noma izidingo zokutholwa kokuqukethwe kwendawo ngaphakathi kwemiphakathi noma izinhlangano zabo.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

IBhutan, izwe elivalekile eliseMpumalanga ye-Himalayas, yaziwa ngobuhle bayo bemvelo obuhlanzekile kanye namagugu amasiko ayingqayizivele. Nakuba ingase ingabi nalo izinga elifanayo lokufinyeleleka kwe-inthanethi njengamanye amazwe, asekhona amawebhusayithi abalulekile amaningana asebenza njengezinkomba ze-inthanethi noma amakhasi aphuzi eBhutan. 1. I-Yellow.bt: Njengohlu lwemibhalo olusemthethweni lwe-inthanethi lwe-Bhutan Telecom Limited, i-Yellow.bt iwumthombo ophelele wokuthola amabhizinisi namasevisi e-Bhutan. Iwebhusayithi inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi sokusesha esilula sokubheka izigaba ezithile noma upheqa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ungayithola ku-www.yellow.bt. 2. IThimphu Inayo: Le webhusayithi igxile ngokukhethekile emabhizinisini nasezinsizeni ezitholakala eThimphu, inhloko-dolobha yaseBhutan. Ifaka uhla lwemibhalo okulula ukulusebenzisa lapho ungasesha khona amabhizinisi athile asekelwe ezigabeni ezihlukene ezifana nokungenisa izihambi, ukudayisa, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, njll. Vakashela ku-www.thimphuhast.it ukuze uhlole kabanzi. 3. Uhlu Lwebhizinisi Lwase-Bumthang: I-Bumthang ingesinye sezifunda e-Bhutan esaziwa ngamagugu aso anothile amasiko kanye nezindawo ezimangalisayo. Le webhusayithi isebenza njengenkomba yendawo ehlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi nezinsizakalo ezitholakala ngokukhethekile esifundeni sase-Bumthang. Ungayithola ku-www.bumthangbusinessdirectory.com. 4. Amakhasi e-Paro: Amakhasi e-Paro ahlanganisa amabhizinisi kanye nezinsizakalo ikakhulukazi ezigxile esifundeni sase-Paro eBhutan—indawo edume ngendawo yayo engokomfanekiso ye-Tiger's Nest Monastery (I-Taktsang Palphug Monastery). Iwebhusayithi inikeza uhlu olusukela emahhotela nezindawo zokudlela kuya kubaqhubi bezokuvakasha kanye nezitolo zasendaweni ngaphakathi kwesifunda saseParo uqobo. Hlola okwengeziwe ku-www.paropages.com. Lawa mawebhusayithi kufanele akunikeze ulwazi olubanzi mayelana namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene asebenza ezifundeni ezihlukene zaseBhutan okuhlanganisa iThimphu, Bumthang, Paro, njll., okuwenza abe yizinsiza eziwusizo lapho ufuna imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi ngaphakathi kwezwe. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yendawo ekude ye-Bhutan kanye nengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi elinganiselwe, amanye alawa mawebhusayithi angahle angabi esakamuva noma abe banzi njengamakhasi aphuzi emazweni athuthuke kakhulu ngokwedijithali. Noma kunjalo, ziyizinsiza ezibalulekile zokuhamba ngebhizinisi laseBhutan.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

IBhutan, izwe elincane elivaliwe empumalanga ye-Himalayas, libone ukukhula okubonakalayo emkhakheni walo we-e-commerce eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngenkathi imboni isathuthuka, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo ze-e-commerce eBhutan. Nazi ezinye eziphambili kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-DrukRide (https://www.drukride.com): I-DrukRide iyindawo yemakethe ehamba phambili ye-inthanethi yaseBhutan ngezinkonzo zokuhamba. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengokuqashwa kwezimoto, ukubhuka amatekisi, nokuqashwa kwezithuthuthu. 2. I-Zhartsham (https://www.zhartsham.bt): I-Zhartsham iyinkundla ye-e-commerce evelayo ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eminingi kumakhasimende ayo. Kusukela kuma-elekthronikhi nezimpahla zokugqoka kuye kokuhlobisa ekhaya kanye nezinto zikagesi zasekhishini, i-Zhartsham ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngezidingo zabathengi ezihlukahlukene. 3. I-PasalBhutan (http://pasalbhutan.com): I-PasalBhutan ingenye inkundla yokuthenga ye-inthanethi ethandwayo enikeza iqoqo elibanzi lemikhiqizo kusukela kumfashini nobuhle kuya kugajethi kagesi nezinto zikagesi zasendlini. 4. I-Kupanda (http://kupanda.bt): I-Kupanda iyisitolo segrosa esiku-inthanethi esisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuletheni izithelo ezintsha, imifino, inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, nezinye izinto zasendlini ezibalulekile ngqo emnyango wamakhasimende. 5. yetibay (https://yetibay.bt): i-yetibay iyinkundla ye-e-commerce ekhulayo ebonisa uhlu lwemikhiqizo yasendaweni eyenziwe izingcweti nezingcweti zaseBhutan. Amakhasimende angathenga imisebenzi yezandla yesintu, izindwangu, imidwebo, ubucwebe, nokunye ngale webhusayithi. 6.B-Mobile Shop( https://bmobileshop.bhutanmobile.com.bt/ ): Isitolo se-B-Mobile sinikeza izinketho zokuthenga ku-inthanethi zama-smartphone kanye nezinhlelo ezihlinzekwa yi-Bhutan Telecom(B mobile) zamakholi wezwi namaphakheji okuphequlula ku-inthanethi. Iwebhusayithi iphinde ithengise ezinye izesekeli ezihlobene ne-telecom njengamarutha angenawaya njll. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amapulatifomu ashiwo ngenhla amawebhusayithi e-commerce ayinhloko asebenza eBhutan, noma kunjalo, kungase kube namanye amapulatifomu amancane noma izitolo ze-intanethi ezihlinzeka ngama-niches athile noma izindawo zendawo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

IBhutan iwumbuso omncane wase-Himalaya owaziwa ngesiko lawo eliyingqayizivele nobuhle bemvelo obungakathintwa. Nakuba iBhutan ingase ibe yodwa uma kuqhathaniswa, isenobukhona ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene zezokuxhumana ukuze ixhumane nomhlaba. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile ezisetshenziswa eBhutan kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com/b ukuthulafficial): I-Facebook ingenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eBhutan. Ivumela abantu ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane, babelane ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, namavidiyo. 2. I-WeChat (www.wechat.com): I-WeChat iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo yonke into eyodwa ephinde isebenze njengenkundla yezokuxhumana eBhutan. Abasebenzisi bangathumela imibhalo, imilayezo yezwi, benze amakholi evidiyo, babelane ngezithombe namavidiyo ngasese noma ngokuthunyelwe esidlangalaleni. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com/explore/tags/bhutan): I-Instagram idumile phakathi kwabancane baseBhutan abayisebenzisela ukwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo ezindawo ezinhle, imicimbi yamasiko, ukudla, izitayela zemfashini njll., besebenzisa ama-hashtag afana nama- #bhutandiaries noma #visitbhutan. 4. Twitter (www.twitter.com/BTO_Official) - Isibambo se-Twitter esisemthethweni saseBhutan sinikeza izibuyekezo zezindaba ezivela kuhulumeni mayelana nezinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezenziwa yibo. 5. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com/kingdomofbhutanchannel) - Lesi siteshi se-YouTube sinikeza ukufinyelela kumadokhumentari ahlukahlukene mayelana namasiko namasiko e-Bhutan kanye namavidiyo okukhangisa agqamisa izinto eziheha ezokuvakasha. 6. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com/company/royal-government-of-bhuta-rgob) - Ikhasi le-LinkedIn likaHulumeni Wasebukhosini waseBhuta lihlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana ochwepheshe ngokuxhumanisa abantu abathanda ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi noma ukuqashwa ezweni. 7.TikTok: Nakuba kungase kungabi nama-akhawunti athile e-TikTok amele iBhutan kuphela kodwa abantu bavame ukuthumela okokuzihambela kohambo nemisebenzi yamasiko ehambisana nalesi sizwe esimangalisayo ku-Tiktok ngaphansi kwama-hashtag afana ne-#Bhutandiaries noma i-#DiscoverBhutan. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokuthandwa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana kungase kuhluke eBhutan, futhi amapulatifomu amasha angase avele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

IBhutan iyizwe elincane elivalekile eliseMpumalanga yeHimalaya. Naphezu kokuba izwe elinabantu abambalwa, iBhutan inezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezivelele zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe kanye nokukhuthazwa kwemikhakha eyahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eBhutan: 1. I-Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI): I-BCCI ingenye yezinhlangano zebhizinisi ezindala nezinamandla kakhulu eBhutan. Imele amabhizinisi asekhaya nawangaphandle, imelela izinqubomgomo ezisekela uhwebo, ezohwebo, nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezweni. Iwebhusayithi https://www.bcci.org.bt/ 2. I-Association of Bhutanese Tour Operators (ABTO): I-ABTO inesibopho sokukhuthaza imisebenzi yezokuvakasha eBhutan. Isebenza njengenkundla ebalulekile yokuthi abaqhubi bezokuvakasha basebenzisane, babhekane nezinselele ezifanayo, futhi basebenzele izindlela ezisimeme zezokuvakasha. Iwebhusayithi http://www.abto.org.bt/ 3. I-Hotel & Restaurant Association of Bhutan (HRAB): I-HRAB isebenzela ukuthuthukisa umkhakha wezokwamukela izihambi ngokumela amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela ezweni lonke. Igxile ekuthuthukiseni amazinga ekhwalithi yesevisi, ukukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwamagugu amasiko, kanye nokugqugquzela ukukhula kochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Iwebhusayithi http://hrab.org.bt/ 4. I-Royal Society for Protection of Nature (RSPN): I-RSPN ihlose ukonga izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngocwaningo, izinhlelo zokufinyelela emfundweni, imikhankaso yokumela mayelana nezindaba zemvelo ezifana nokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle, ukuvikelwa kwamahlathi, izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme phakathi kokunye. Iwebhusayithi http://www.rspnbhutan.org/ 5. Inhlangano Yokwakha yaseBhutan (CAB): I-CAB imele izinkampani zokwakha ezihilelekile emisebenzini yokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda njengokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, amaphrojekthi wokwakha izakhiwo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kuhlanganise nezakhiwo zokuhlala noma izikhungo zezohwebo njll., ihlinzeka ngenkundla ehlangene yokuxoxa ngokukhathazeka okuhlobene nalo mkhakha. . Ayikho iwebhusayithi esemthethweni etholakalayo 6. I-Information Technology & Communication Association yaseBhutan (ITCAB): I-ITCAB idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni izinhlelo zokufunda nokubhala ngedijithali ngenkathi ikhuthaza izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezithuthukisa umkhakha we-IT nokuxhumana. Ifuna ukuxhuma ababambiqhaza, ukukhuthaza ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Iwebhusayithi https://www.itcab.org.bt/ Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eBhutan. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlangano idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni yabo, ibambe iqhaza ekukhuleni komnotho kanye nentuthuko yeBhutan.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene neBhutan, izwe eliseNingizimu Asia. Nazi ezinye ezivelele: 1. I-Ministry of Economic Affairs (www.moea.gov.bt): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho waseBhutan inikeza ulwazi ngezinqubomgomo zezohwebo, imithethonqubo, amathuba okutshala izimali, nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umnotho. 2. IBhutan Chamber of Commerce & Industry (www.bcci.org.bt): Iwebhusayithi yeBhutan Chamber of Commerce & Industry inikeza izinsiza ezihlukahlukene zamabhizinisi asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe anentshisekelo yokuhweba neBhutan. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngemicimbi, izinkomba zebhizinisi, izibalo zezohwebo, kanye nokumela inqubomgomo. 3. Umnyango Wezohwebo (www.trade.gov.bt): Le portal ye-e-commerce enakekelwa uMnyango Wezohwebo ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abhalise ku-inthanethi ukuze athole amalayisense okungenisa/okuthekelisa kanye nezimvume eBhutan. Kuhlanganisa futhi ulwazi lwezivumelwano zohwebo, amanani entengo, izinqubo zentela, kanye nokufinyelela emakethe. 4. I-Royal Monetary Authority (www.rma.org.bt): I-Royal Monetary Authority inesibopho sokusungula inqubomgomo yezimali e-Bhutan. Iwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni ihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ngemithetho yasebhange, amanani okushintshaniswa kwemali, imibiko yokuzinza kwezezimali kanye nedatha yezomnotho efanele. 5. I-Druk Holding & Investments Ltd (www.dhi.bt): Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Druk Holding & Investments Ltd., eyengamele ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe nguhulumeni emikhakheni yamasu efana nemiklamo yezimayini yokuphehlwa kwamanzi nezinye izimboni ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla kuzwelonke. imigomo yentuthuko yenhlalo-mnotho. 6. UMkhandlu Wezokuvakasha waseBhutan (www.tourism.gov.bt): Nakuba ugxile kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ezokuvakasha esikhundleni sezomnotho noma ezohwebo; Isizindalwazi soMkhandlu wezokuVakasha sigqamisa amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali kulo mkhakha okuhlanganisa nemiklamo yezokuvakasha kwemvelo lapho ukubambisana namafemu angaphandle kungabhekwa. Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngohlu lolwazi oluhlobene nezinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo yezomnotho; izidingo zelayisensi; amathuba okutshala izimali; ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe; ukukhuthazwa kwezokuvakasha phakathi kokunye okungase kube lula imisebenzi yebhizinisi ngaphakathi noma ebandakanya iBhutan. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuyatuseka ukuthi uqinisekise ulwazi ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni noma uthintane neziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo zebhizinisi.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

E-Bhutan, uMnyango Wemali Engenayo kanye Nezinzelo (i-DRC) unomthwalo wemfanelo wokwengamela izindaba eziphathelene nohwebo, okuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwemisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa. I-DRC inikeza inkundla eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi "iBhutan Trade Information System" (BTIS) yayo yonke imininingwane ehlobene nohwebo ezweni. Le portal ye-inthanethi isebenza njengesizinda esiphelele sabahwebi, amabhizinisi, nabanye ababambiqhaza ukuze bafinyelele idatha ebalulekile yezibalo zohwebo, izinqubo zenkambiso, amanani entengo, imithethonqubo, nokunye. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ahlobene nedatha yokuhweba yaseBhutan: 1. I-Bhutan Trade Information System (BTIS): Iwebhusayithi http://www.btis.gov.bt/ Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-BTIS enikeza abasebenzisi izici ezihlukahlukene njengokufinyelela izimemezelo zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlola amanani entela yempahla ethengiswayo kanye nezibopho zentela ezisekelwe ekuhlukaniseni umkhiqizo noma ikhodi ye-Harmonised System (HS). 2. Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Lezibalo: Iwebhusayithi http://www.nsb.gov.bt/ I-National Statistical Bureau inikeza izibalo zezomnotho zeBhutan kufaka phakathi ulwazi mayelana nokungenisa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emikhakheni ehlukene. Abasebenzisi bangathola imibiko yezibalo enemininingwane ehlobene nohwebo lwangaphandle esigabeni sabo sokushicilelwa. 3. I-Export-Import Bank yaseBhutan Limited: Iwebhusayithi https://www.eximbank.com.bt/ Nakuba le webhusayithi igxile kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zezezimali ezihlobene nemisebenzi yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-Bhutan, iphinde inikeze imininingwane ewusizo kwizibalo zokuhweba zangaphandle zezwe. 4. Umnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho: Iwebhusayithi http://www.moea.gov.bt/ UMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho udlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni izinqubomgomo ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nokwenza lula ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe eBhutan. Iwebhusayithi yabo ingase inikeze imibiko efanele noma okushicilelwe mayelana nohwebo lwangaphandle. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; njalo kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise ukutholakala kwazo ngaphambi kokuzifinyelela.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

IBhutan, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Izwe Ledrako Edumayo," iyizwe eliseMpumalanga yeHimalaya. Naphezu kokuba isizwe esincane, iBhutan iye yamukela kancane kancane idijithali futhi isiqalile ukuthuthukisa amapulatifomu ayo e-B2B ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi nokuthengiselana. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-Bhutan B2B kanye namawebhusayithi ahambisanayo: 1. I-Bhutan Trade Portal (http://www.bhutantradeportal.gov.bt/): Lena inkundla esemthethweni eku-inthanethi ehlinzeka ngolwazi olunzulu mayelana nemithetho yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, izinqubo zohwebo, imisebenzi yentela, neminye imininingwane ehlobene nohwebo. 2. I-Druk Enterprise Solutions (http://www.drukes.com/): I-Druk Enterprise Solutions iyinkampani ehamba phambili yobuchwepheshe be-B2B eBhutan enikeza izixazululo zesofthiwe ezihlukahlukene zamabhizinisi. Izinsizakalo zabo zibandakanya isoftware ye-entreprise resource planning (ERP), amasistimu okubalwa kwezimali, amathuluzi okuphatha i-inventory, nokunye. 3. I-Wholesalers Network Bhutan (https://www.wholesalersnetwork.com/country/bhutna.html): Njengenkundla yohlu lwemibhalo eku-inthanethi, le webhusayithi ihlanganisa uhlu lwabathengisi bezitolo nabasabalalisi abasebenza emikhakheni ehlukene ngaphakathi kweBhutan. Isebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile samabhizinisi afuna ukuxhumana nabangase babe ngabahlinzeki bempahla ezweni. 4. I-ITradeMarketplace (https://itrade.gov.bt/): Ithuthukiswe uMnyango Wezindaba Zezomnotho e-Bhutan, le ndawo yemakethe ihlose ukukhuthaza amathuba okuhweba phakathi kwabakhiqizi/abahlinzeki bempahla basekhaya kanye nalabo abazoba abathengi abavela kuzo zombili izimakethe zasekhaya kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlanganisa izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nemikhiqizo yezolimo, imisebenzi yezandla, izindwangu njll. 5. I-MyDialo (https://mydialo.com/bt_en/): I-MyDialo iyinkundla ye-e-commerce evelayo ye-B2B exhumanisa amabhizinisi emazweni amaningi kuhlanganise neBhutan ngaphakathi kwesixazululo esisodwa esikahle semakethe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yobukhulu obulinganiselwe bomnotho wayo kanye nezinga lokutholwa elihamba kancane uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izizwe, inani lamapulatifomu e-B2B eBhutan alibanzi njengasemazweni amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinkundla ezishiwo ngenhla zinikeza isiqalo samabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuhlola amathuba okuhweba noma ukusungula ukuxhumana nabalingani abavela eBhutan.
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