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IVenezuela, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iBolivarian Republic of Venezuela, iyizwe elisogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Ihlanganyela imingcele neColombia ngasentshonalanga, iBrazil eningizimu, neGuyana empumalanga. ULwandle lweCaribbean lusenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yalo. Ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-916,445 (amamayela-skwele angama-353,841), iVenezuela ibusiswe ngezici ezihlukahlukene zendawo. Kusukela emabhishi amahle acwebile ogwini lwayo kuya emahlathini amakhulu emvula ezindaweni zawo ezingaphakathi, leli zwe linobuhle bemvelo obumangalisayo. Eqinisweni, iVenezuela iyikhaya le-Angel Falls, okuyimpophoma ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombangazwe lwezwe lulandela imodeli yeriphabhulikhi kamongameli. I-Caracas isebenza njengenhloko-dolobha yayo nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke. ISpanishi siwulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa abantu abaningi baseVenezuela. I-Venezuela inamagugu acebile amasiko athonywa abantu boMdabu kanye nekoloni yaseSpain. Le ngxube yamasiko ingabonwa ngezitayela zabo zomculo ezifana ne-salsa ne-merengue nemidanso yesintu efana ne-joropo. Uma sikhuluma ngokwezomnotho, iVenezuela inezindawo ezigcina uwoyela ezibalulekile okuyenza ibe ngenye yabakhiqizi bakawoyela abakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela ngokweqile ekuthunyelweni kukawoyela kwamanye amazwe kwenze umnotho wawo waba sengozini ngezikhathi zokuguquguquka kwezimakethe zomhlaba. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekungazinzini okuthile eminyakeni yamuva nje njengoba amazinga emali ekhuphuka ekhuphuka kanye nomthelela ezindleleni zokuphila zabantu abaningi baseVenezuela. Nakuba lesi sizwe sibhekene nezinselelo zomnotho muva nje, sisenemithombo yemvelo eningi okuhlanganisa nezimbiwa phansi njengegolide nensimbi enamandla okukhula esikhathini esizayo uma sekubuye uzinzo. Sengiphetha, i-Venezuela igqama ngobuhle bayo bemvelo obuhlanganiswe namagugu amasiko ahlukahlukene abonisa amathonya avela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene. Nakuba sibhekene nezinselelo ngenxa yokwethembela ngokweqile ekuthengisweni kukawoyela emazweni angaphandle okuholela ebunzimeni bezomnotho ezikhathini zamuva nje; kodwa uma isetshenziswa ngokuzibophezela kanye nezinye izinsiza ezitholakalayo lapho iVenezuela ingafinyelela khona kusekhona amathuba okukhula okuvuselelwe ezikhathini ezizayo.

Isimo semali eVenezuela siyingqayizivele futhi siyinselele. Uhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni lwase-Venezuela yi-Bolívar, nophawu lwayo oluthi "Bs.S" noma "VEF" (i-Venezuelan Bolívar Fuerte). Nokho, ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bezomnotho namazinga aphezulu okwehla kwamandla emali, inani leBolívar lehle kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-hyperinflation iye yahlupha umnotho waseVenezuela, okubangele ukwehla okukhulu kweBolívar. Lesi simo sidale ukushoda kwezimpahla nezinsiza eziyisisekelo njengoba amanani enyuka. Uhulumeni uzame ukulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali ngokwethula izinguqulo ezintsha ze-Bolívar njenge-bolivar soberano (i-sovereign bolivar), ethathe indawo ye-bolivar fuerte ngenani elingu-1000:1 ngo-2018. Ukuze ubhekane nokwehla kwamandla emali, abantu basendaweni bavame ukuphendukela kwezinye izindlela zokukhokha njengokushintshana noma ukusebenzisa izimali zakwamanye amazwe njengamadola ase-US noma ama-euro ngokukhokha esikhundleni sokuthembela ku-Bolívares ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, amanye amabhizinisi ngaphakathi kwe-Venezuela amukela ngokukhululekile amadola ase-US njengenkokhelo ngenxa yokuzinza kwawo uma kuqhathaniswa namanani emali yasendaweni aguquguquka ngokuqhubekayo. Lesi simo somnotho esibi siphinde saholela ekwenyukeni kwezimali zedijithali ezifana nemali eyimfihlo esetshenziselwa ukuthengiselana phakathi kwemiphakathi ethile. I-Bitcoin namanye ama-cryptocurrensets anikeza abantu baseVenezuela enye indlela yokuvikela ingcebo yabo ngokumelene nokwehla kwamandla emali okudlangile. Naphezu kwemizamo yeziphathimandla zokwenza izilawuli zokushintshisana nokuzama izinguquko zezimali, akubanga lula ukusimamisa uhlobo lwemali yezwe ngenxa yezinkinga zesistimu ezithinta indawo yezomnotho ebanzi yase-Venezuela. Sengiphetha, i-Venezuela ibhekene nezinselelo ezibalulekile mayelana nesimo sayo semali ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okwehla kwamandla emali okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwemali yayo esemthethweni -i-bolivar-okuphoqa abantu ukuthi babheke ezinye izindlela ezinjengokushintshanisa imali noma ukusebenzisa izimali zakwamanye amazwe njengamadola aseMelika. Ukwenyuka kwezimali zedijithali nakho kukhombisa imizamo yabantu emiphakathini ethile abafuna ukuzinza phakathi nalesi simo sezimali esikhathazayo esithinta izwe labo.

Imali esemthethweni yaseVenezuela yiBolivar. Nokho, ngenxa yobunzima bomnotho kanye nezinkinga zokwehla kwamandla emali, izinga lokushintshisana ngemali yaseVenezuela libe sesimweni esibucayi. Njengamanje, ngokwemithetho esemthethweni, idola elilodwa kufanele libe ngamabholivari angama-200,000. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lesi yisibalo esingamahloni kuphela futhi kungase kube nezinga lokushintshisana eliphezulu noma eliphansi kulokho okwenziwayo.

I-Venezuela igubha amaholide ambalwa abalulekile unyaka wonke. Nazi ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu: 1. Usuku Lokuzimela (Día de la Independencia): Usuku Lokuzimela lwase-Venezuela lugujwa ngo-Julayi 5. Leli holide likhumbula ukuzimela kwezwe ekubusweni kobukoloni baseSpain, okwafinyelelwa ngo-1811. Liyiholide lezwe eligcwele imicimbi yokushisekela izwe njengama-parade, iziqhumane, namakhonsathi amasiko. 2. I-Carnival: I-Carnival iwumkhosi wokugubha ngaphambi kwe-Lent futhi kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-February noma ekuqaleni kuka-March unyaka ngamunye. Abantu baseVenezuela bagubha ngama-parade asemgwaqweni, umculo, ukudansa, imvunulo emibalabala, nama-maskandi. Kungumcimbi oyisakhiwo sodumo okhombisa amasiko namasiko aseVenezuela. 3. UKhisimusi (Navidad): Imikhosi kaKhisimusi e-Venezuela ivamise ukuqala ngoDisemba 16 ngokuthi "La Novena," uchungechunge lwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye lwemikhosi yenkolo eholela osukwini lukaKhisimusi (Disemba 25th). Imindeni ihlangana ndawonye ukuze ithole ukudla kwendabuko okufana ne-hallacas (uhlobo lwe-tamale) futhi ishintshisane ngezipho ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezihlotshiswe kahle ngalesi sikhathi. 4. Umkhosi Wenkosikazi Yethu YaseCoromoto: NgoSepthemba 11 unyaka ngamunye, abantu baseVenezuela bahlonipha usanta wabo - Inkosikazi Yethu yaseCoromoto - ngemibhikisho nemicimbi yezenkolo ezweni lonke. Abantu abaningi baseVenezuela baya eBasilica eGuanare, lapho kunethempeli elinikezelwe kuye. 5. Usuku Lokuzalwa luka-Bolivar: Ngomhla zingama-24 kuJulayi minyaka yonke, abantu baseVenezuela bagubha unyaka wokuzalwa kuka-Simón Bolívar - omunye wabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu bomlando ababambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhululeni amazwe amaningana aseNingizimu Melika ekulawuleni iSpanishi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Lawa maholide ahlinzeka ngamathuba kubantu baseVenezuela ukuthi bahlangane njengomphakathi; bagcwele imikhosi ejabulisayo evumela abantu ukuba baveze ukuziqhenya kwabo ngobuzwe futhi babonise ifa labo elicebile lamasiko.

IVenezuela iyizwe elisogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Inomnotho oxubile, oncike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kukawoyela emazweni angaphandle, okubalelwa ku-95% wesamba semali engenayo yokuthekelisa. Izwe linemithombo kawoyela emikhulu futhi libalwa nabakhiqizi bakawoyela abahamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngokomlando, iVenezuela ibilokhu ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ezimakethe zikawoyela emhlabeni wonke futhi ithembele kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze iphumelele kwezomnotho. Abalingani bayo abakhulu bokuhweba bahlanganisa i-United States, i-China, i-India, nezinye izizwe zaseNingizimu Melika. Ngenxa yokuthembela kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kukawoyela, ibhalansi yezohwebo yaseVenezuela ithonywa kakhulu ukushintsha kwezintengo zikawoyela ongahluziwe emhlabeni jikelele. Uma amanani entengo ephezulu, ithola imali eyengeziwe; nokho, ngezikhathi zamanani aphansi noma ukuphazamiseka ekukhiqizeni nasekusabalaliseni ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe noma izinkinga zomnotho, izwe libhekene nokushoda okukhulu kwezohwebo. Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ye-petroleum, i-Venezuela iphinde ithumele amaminerali afana ne-iron ore ne-aluminium kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo nemifino. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okungewona uwoyela kwakha ingxenye encane kuphela yomthamo wawo wokuhweba jikelele. Ngobuhlakani bokungenisa, iVenezuela ingenisa ngokuyinhloko imishini nemishini edingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ehlanganisa nomanyolo. Iphinde ingenise ukudla okufana nokusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yenyama, nezimpahla zabathengi ezifana ne-electronics nezimoto ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Ngeshwa, eminyakeni yamuva nje, iVenezuela ibhekane nezinselelo zomnotho ezinzima ezibe nomthelela omubi emisebenzini yayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.Izwe liye labhekana nokwehla kwamandla emali, ukwehla kwenani lemali, kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwe-GDP.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe kanye nezijeziso ezibekwe amazwe amaningana. ziye zaphazamisa nakakhulu amathuba ezohwebo, okuholele ekuncipheni kokungena kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe . Sengiphetha, umnotho waseVenezuela uthembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwe-petroleum kodwa ubhekene nezinselelo eziningi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene zasekhaya.Ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje, kuzobaluleka ukuthi iVenezuela ihlukanise umnotho wayo, yakhe kabusha ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali, futhi iqinise imikhakha engeyona ekawoyela ukuze ithuthukise isiphetho sayo. isimo sokuhwebelana ukuze umnotho ukhule.

I-Venezuela inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele zezomnotho ezihlukahlukene, izwe linezinsizakusebenza eziningi kanye nendawo ekahle yezwe, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba okwandisa ezohwebo. Enye yamandla amakhulu eVenezuela isezindaweni zayo ezinkulu zamandla. Njengomunye wabakhiqizi bakawoyela abakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, inokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emikhiqizweni ehlobene nowoyela efana nowoyela ongahluziwe kanye ne-refined petroleum. Lokhu kubeka iVenezuela njengomdlali obalulekile emakethe yamandla yomhlaba wonke, eheha abangaba abalingani bohwebo abanentshisekelo emithonjeni yamandla ethembekile. Ukwengeza, iVenezuela inemithombo yamaminerali ecebile njengegolide, insimbi yensimbi, ne-bauxite. Lezi zinsiza zemvelo zinikeza amathuba okwandisa ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe adinga lezi zimbiwa ezimbonini zawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe liphinde libe nemithombo yegesi yemvelo engakasetshenziswa, ehlinzeka ngenye indlela yokuthuthukiswa kokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wezolimo waseVenezuela unamandla amakhulu okukhula kanye nokuhlukahlukana kwamanye amazwe. Izwe linezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yezolimo ehlanganisa izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo (njengobhanana nomango), ubhontshisi wekhofi, ubhontshisi kakhokho, nemfuyo. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kulo mkhakha kuhlanganiswe nezisusa zokugqugquzela ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga ekhwalithi kanye nokuncintisana ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe; kunobubanzi obukhulu bokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kakhulu. Indawo ekahle ye-Venezuela ingathuthukisa amathuba ayo ohwebo lwangaphandle ngokusebenza njengesango eliya ezimakethe ezingomakhelwane njengeBrazil ne-Colombia. Lawa mazwe anezisekelo ezinkulu zabathengi eziveza amathuba anenzuzo kubathumeli bangaphandle baseVenezuela abafuna izimakethe zesifunda ezihlukene. Naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo ezishiwo ngenhla; kubalulekile ukuvuma ukuthi ukuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nezinselelo zenhlalo-mnotho zithiye ikhono leVenezuela lokuxhaphaza ngokugcwele amandla ayo ohwebo lwangaphandle muva nje. Noma kunjalo; ngezinyathelo ezifanele ezithathwe izinhlaka zikahulumeni njengokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda; ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zenkambiso; ukukhuthaza ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali ngokuzinza kwenqubomgomo kanye nezinguquko zangaphakathi ezigxile ekuhlukaniseni umnotho - maningi amathuba okuvuselela imakethe yokuhwebelana yangaphandle yaseVenezuela. Ekuphetheni; kuyilapho ibhekene nobunzima obuthile ngenxa yezinselele ezikhona okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili - ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha ngokusebenzisa kangcono izinsiza ezikhona, ukugxila ezinhlobonhlobo zezomnotho, nokusebenzisa indawo yayo enengqondo kungasiza i-Venezuela ukuthi ivule amathuba ayo emakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle.

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseVenezuela, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. Kubalulekile ukucabangela isimo samanje sezwe sezomnotho nezombusazwe, kanye nezidingo ezithile kanye nezintandokazi zabathengi baseVenezuela. Okokuqala, ngenxa yezinselelo zezomnotho iVenezuela ebhekene nazo, kuhle ukugxila ezimpahleni ezibalulekile eziyohlale zinesidingo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zomnotho zinjani. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla okuyisisekelo njengerayisi, ubhontshisi, uwoyela wokupheka, nezimpahla ezisemathinini. Le mikhiqizo iyadingeka ukuze isetshenziswe nsuku zonke futhi ijwayele ukuthengisa kahle ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima. Ukwengeza, uma kucatshangelwa ukukhuphuka kwezentengiselwano zedijithali emhlabeni wonke, izinto zikagesi nezesekeli zingaba indawo yemakethe engaba khona eVenezuela. Omakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi, amakhompyutha aphathekayo kanye nezinsiza zabo ezifana nama-earphone nezintambo zokushaja kuvame ukuba yizinketho ezidumile phakathi kwabathengi be-tech-savvy. Nokho, le segimenti ingase ibe nomthelela uma amandla okuthenga ehla ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe lihlangabezana nesimo sezulu esishisayo esenza imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu ifuneke kakhulu.Izinto ezinjengamafutha okugcoba okuvikela ilanga, izinto zokuhlanza ezithambile, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezinwele, kanye nama-anti-perspirants angathola ukuduma kubathengi baseVenezuela ababeka kuqala ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu kuyilapho bevumelana nezimo zezulu. . Futhi, ngenxa yamasiko anothile, abantu baseVenezuela bayayithakasela imisebenzi yezandla. Namuhla, izinkundla zokuxhumana zinikeza izingcweti ukuchayeka ngezindleko eziphansi ngobucwebe, izitsha zobumba, imidwebo, nezindwangu ezikhanga abantu bendawo noma abavakashi abafuna izingcezu ezihlukile. Lezi zinto zingafeza izinhloso ezimbili— ukusekela ubuciko bendawo ngenkathi unakekela ubuntu. Okokugcina, iVenezuela inezinsiza zezolimo eziningi ngaleyo ndlela yenza umkhiqizo ophilayo ube umkhiqizo ongase udayiswe ngokushisa kakhulu. Ukwandisa ukwazi kwabathengi mayelana nomthelela wezempilo kanye nomthelela wemvelo kwenza izithelo/imifino ephilayo ifuneke kakhulu. ,isimo esimelene nezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokwamukela izimiso zokusimama ngaphakathi kwezinqubo zokulima. Khumbula ukuthi ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwezimakethe kubalulekile ngaphambi kokungena kunoma iyiphi imakethe yohwebo yangaphandle.Izinguquko ezehlukene zenhlalo-mnotho zingadinga ukulungiswa. imakethe yaseVenezuela.

IVenezuela, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iBolivarian Republic of Venezuela, iyizwe elisogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-28 futhi yaziwa ngamagugu ayo acebile amasiko nobuhle bemvelo. Uma kuziwa ekuqondeni izici zekhasimende e-Venezuela, kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele. 1. Iqoqo: Abantu baseVenezuela bathambekele ekwaziseni ukuzazi njengeqembu kunokukhetha umuntu ngamunye. Umndeni nomphakathi udlala indima ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabo, futhi izinqumo zivame ukuthathwa ngokucabangela iqembu lezenhlalo elibanzi. 2. Imfudumalo Nobungane: Abantu baseVenezuela ngokuvamile banemfudumalo, bamukela, futhi banobungane kwabanye. Bayakwazisa ukukhuluma okuncane, ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu ngaphambi kokwenza izindaba zebhizinisi. 3. Ukubaluleka Kokwethenjwa: Ukwakha ukwethembana kubalulekile uma wenza ibhizinisi eVenezuela. Ubudlelwano kumele busungulwe ngokusekelwe ekuhloniphaneni nasekuthembekeni ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili nanoma yikuphi ukuthengiselana noma izivumelwano. 4. Isakhiwo se-Hierarchical: Umphakathi waseVenezuela unesakhiwo sokulandelana lapho ukuhlonipha igunya kubalulekile. Iminyaka yobudala nesikhundla kubambe ukubaluleka ebudlelwaneni babantu; ukukhuluma nabaphathi abaneziqu ezifanele njengokuthi "Senior" noma "Doctor" kubonisa inhlonipho efanele. 5. Isitayela Sokuxhumana Esinenhlonipho: Inhlonipho ibaluleke kakhulu esikweni laseVenezuela kuyilapho uxhumana namakhasimende noma amakhasimende. Ukuba nesizotha, ukusebenzisa ulimi oluhlelekile (ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni), ukulalela ngentshiseko, ukubheka emehlweni ngesikhathi sezingxoxo - zonke lezi zici zinomthelela ekusebenzisaneni okuhle. Manje ake siqhubekele phambili ekuxoxisaneni ngama-taboo noma izinto ezizwelayo okufanele umuntu azigweme lapho esebenzelana namakhasimende aseVenezuela: 1. Hlonipha Ukuzwela Kwezombangazwe: Uma kubhekwa isimo samanje sezombusazwe e-Venezuela eminyakeni yamuva nje, izingxoxo zezombangazwe zingashesha zibe izihloko ezibucayi ezingase zivuse imizwa enamandla phakathi kwabantu abakhona phakathi nezingxoxo noma imihlangano—ukugxila kakhulu ezicini zamasiko kunezombangazwe kungasiza ekugcineni ukuzwana. umkhathi. 2. Gwema ukugxeka amasiko namasiko endawo ngaphandle kokuqonda okufanele - ukuhlonipha amasiko abo kubalulekile ekusunguleni ubudlelwano obusekelwe ukwethembana. 3.Gwema ukukhuluma ngokuqondile uma uthi "cha" - Abantu baseVenezuela bavame ukukhetha izindlela zokuxhumana ezingaqondile ukuze balondoloze ukuzwana futhi bagweme ukungqubuzana. Ukusetshenziswa kwezaga noma imisho engacunuli kuhle kakhulu lapho wenqaba izicelo noma uzwakalisa ukuphikisa. 4. Ukuhlonipha Indawo Yomuntu Siqu: Abantu baseVenezuela ngokuvamile bakhetha amabanga asondelene phakathi kwabantu kunamanye amasiko. Kodwa-ke, kusabalulekile ukukala izinga lokunethezeka kwabantu nokuhlonipha indawo yomuntu siqu ngesikhathi sokusebenzisana. Ukuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende nokugwema izithiyo ezishiwo kuzosiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano obusebenzayo namakhasimende ase-Venezuela, kukhuthaze ukwethembana, kanye nokwenza lula ukuthengiselana kwebhizinisi okuphumelelayo.

I-Venezuela, izwe eliseNingizimu Melika, inemithetho yamasiko nemithetho yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe kubantu abangena noma abaphumayo kulelo zwe. I-ejensi yeCustoms and Border Protection (CBP) yaseVenezuela inesibopho sokusebenzisa le mithetho. Lapho uya eVenezuela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imithetho ethile yamasiko. Ukungeniswa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe kungaphansi kwemithetho nemikhawulo ethile. Kuyadingeka ukumemezela noma yiziphi izinto ezeqa ubuningi bokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu noma ezinenani eliphelele eleqa umkhawulo ovunyelwe oshiwo yi-CBP. Ukwengeza, abahambi kudingeka babe nepasipoti evumelekile okusele okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuba semthethweni. Ngokuya ngobuzwe bakho, ungase futhi udinge i-visa noma ikhadi lezivakashi ngaphambi kokungena ezweni. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlole nenxusa laseVenezuela noma inxusa ezweni lakini ngezidingo ezithile zokungena. Lapho ufika eVenezuela, uzodinga ukuthi udlule ekulawuleni abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe lapho uzoletha khona ipasipoti yakho namanye amadokhumenti okuhamba adingekayo. Izigxivizo zeminwe zikagesi zingathathwa njengengxenye yenqubo yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Uma usudlulile ukulawulwa kokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe, uzoqhubeka nendlela yokungena lapho umthwalo wakho ungase uhlolwe izikhulu ze-CBP. Kufanele ugcine wonke amarisidi ezinto ezithengwe phesheya njengoba zingase zicelwe phakathi nalolu hlelo lokuhlola. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalethi izinto ezinqatshelwe e-Venezuela njengezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni noma izikhali, imikhiqizo yomgunyathi, imikhiqizo yezilwane ezisengozini, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezithathwa njengezinechilo noma ezicasulayo iziphathimandla zase-Venezuela. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi kunemikhawulo mayelana nokushintshaniswa kwemali eVenezuela ngenxa yokuntengantenga komnotho. Kunconywa ukushintsha uhlobo lwemali kuphela ezindaweni ezigunyaziwe njengamabhange nasemahhovisi okushintshanisa asemthethweni. Sekukonke, kubalulekile ukuthi uzijwayeze nemithetho yamasiko yaseVenezuela ngaphambi kokuya lapho. Ukunamathela ngokuqinile kule mihlahlandlela kuzoqinisekisa ukungena ngokushelelayo ezweni ngenkathi kugwema noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingadingekile nezikhulu ezilawula imingcele.

Izinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa yaseVenezuela zihlose ukulawula nokulawula ukugeleza kwezimpahla ezweni. Lezi zinqubomgomo ziqondiswe ekuvikeleni izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Izintela zokungenisa e-Venezuela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingeniswayo. Uhulumeni wethule intela yentela emikhiqizweni eyahlukene, kanti ezinye izinto zinentela ephezulu kunezinye. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunqanda ukungeniswa kwezinto ezithile kwamanye amazwe futhi kukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwezintela ezijwayelekile zokungenisa, i-Venezuela iphinde ibeke imisebenzi eyengeziwe ezintweni zikanokusho nasezimpahleni ezingabalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo efana ne-electronics, izimoto, izingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nobucwebe. Imisebenzi eyengeziwe isebenza njengesithiyo ekungeniseni lezi zimpahla zikanokusho futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwemali ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Venezuela isebenzise uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi "Umkhakha Wokukhiqiza Obekwe Eqhulwini" lapho izimboni ezithile ezithathwa njengezinamasu okuthuthukiswa kuzwelonke zinikezwa izinxephezelo ezikhethekile noma ukukhululwa ezinteleni zokungenisa. Lezi zimboni ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izindawo ezifana nezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, ezamandla, ezokuxhumana kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa e-Venezuela zibe ngaphansi kwezinguquko ezivamile ngenxa yezimo zomnotho kanye nezici zezombusazwe eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba izwe libhekene nezinselelo ezahlukene ezifana nokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokushoda kwemikhiqizo ebalulekile, uhulumeni angase aguqule izinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe ngendlela efanele. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseVenezuela ihlose ukulingana phakathi kokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezimpahleni ezibalulekile ezakhamuzini zayo. Ngokusebenzisa amanani entengo asekelwe ezinhlotsheni zemikhiqizo kanye nokunikeza ukukhululwa noma izinxephezelo emikhakheni yamasu, uhulumeni uzama ukuphatha ukungenisa ngaphandle ngempumelelo kuyilapho ethuthukisa intuthuko yasendaweni.

IVenezuela, njengezwe elinothe ngowoyela, ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kukawoyela kwamanye amazwe ukuze izuze imali yayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli, iVenezuela iphinde ithumele kwamanye amazwe izinhlobo zezimpahla ezihlanganisa amaminerali, imikhiqizo yezolimo, kanye nempahla yokukhiqiza. Izwe selisebenzise izinqubomgomo zentela ezehlukene ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze lilawule ukuhwebelana kanye nokuthuthukisa umnotho walo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimboni zasendaweni futhi kwehliswe ukuncika ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe, i-Venezuela ibeke izintela zokuthekelisa ezimpahleni ezithile. Lezi zintela zihlose ukudikibalisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ebalulekile edingeka kakhulu kuleli. Ngokubeka izintela eziphakeme emikhiqizweni enjalo, uhulumeni uhlose ukuvikela ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okwanele ezweni. Ukwengeza, izintela ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zifakwa njengendlela yokungenisa imali kuhulumeni. Izimali eziqoqwe ngalezi zintela zingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, izinhlelo zomphakathi, noma ezinye izinjongo zikahulumeni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imininingwane ethile mayelana nezinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yase-Venezuela yamanje ingase yehluke kuye ngomkhakha othile noma impahla ethunyelwayo. Amazinga nemithethonqubo ingase ishintshe ngenxa yezimo zomnotho noma izinqumo zikahulumeni. Sekukonke, izinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yase-Venezuela zisebenza ngezinhloso eziningi njengokuthuthukisa izimboni zasekhaya kuyilapho kukhiqiza imali engenayo yamaphrojekthi omphakathi. Le mithethonqubo ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukuhwebelana kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhula komnotho okusimeme ezweni.

I-Venezuela iyizwe eliseNingizimu Melika, elaziwa ngemithombo yalo yemvelo ecebile kanye nomnotho ohlukahlukene. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, uhulumeni waseVenezuela usebenzise uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthumela ngaphandle. Abathekelisa eVenezuela kudingeka ukuthi bathole izinhlobo eziningana zezitifiketi, kuye ngohlobo lwempahla yabo. Isitifiketi esisodwa esivamile Isitifiketi Somsuka (CO), esiqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo othunyelwa ngaphandle wakhiqizwa noma wakhiqizwa e-Venezuela. Lo mbhalo usiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhwabanisa futhi uqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Esinye isitifiketi esibalulekile yiSanitary Certificate (SC), esidingekayo ekuthumeleni ukudla nemikhiqizo yezolimo kwamanye amazwe. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo ihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zempilo nokuphepha ezibekwe yi-Venezuela kanye nezwe elingenisayo. I-SC ibaluleke kakhulu emazweni anemithethonqubo eqinile yokungenisa impahla. Ukwengeza, abathumeli kwamanye amazwe bangadinga futhi ukuthola izitifiketi ezithile ngokusekelwe embonini yabo noma uhlobo lomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, uma uthekelisa imikhiqizo yemvelo, ingadinga Isitifiketi Sezinto Eziphilayo esivela endikimbeni efakazelayo eyaziwayo. Ukuze bathole lezi zitifiketi zokuthekelisa e-Venezuela, abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele balandele uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezibekwe izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezihlukahlukene njenge-National Institute of Standards (INDEPABIS) noma i-Ministry of People's Power for Foreign Trade (MPPIC). Lawa mabhizinisi anomthwalo wemfanelo wokwengamela izinqubo zokuthekelisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe. Sekukonke, lezi zitifiketi zokuthekelisa zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni uhwebo phakathi kweVenezuela namanye amazwe ngokuqinisekisa abathengi ukuthi imikhiqizo yaseVenezuela ihlangabezana nezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokulawula ikhwalithi. Abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele bazulazule kulezi zidingo ukuze bafinyelele ngempumelelo izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho bethobela izinqubomgomo zokulawula ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

I-Venezuela iyizwe laseNingizimu Melika elinomkhakha wezokuthutha okhula ngokushesha. Nansi eminye imininingwane enconyiwe mayelana ne-Venezuela: 1. Amachweba: I-Venezuela inamachweba amaningana amakhulu olwandle asebenza njengamasango abalulekile okungenisa nokuthumela impahla ngaphandle. Ichweba laseLa Guaira, eliseduze nenhloko-dolobha yaseCaracas, lingelinye lamachweba amatasa kakhulu ezweni. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibanzi zokuphatha amabhokisi futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. 2. Izikhumulo zezindiza: I-Simon Bolivar International Airport, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Maiquetia International Airport, isebenza njengesikhumulo sezindiza esiyinhloko sakho kokubili abagibeli kanye nokuthuthwa kwempahla e-Venezuela. Itholakala ngokufanele eduze kwaseCaracas futhi inikeza ukuxhumana okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. 3. Ingqalasizinda yomgwaqo: I-Venezuela inoxhaxha lwemigwaqo olubanzi olusiza ukuthuthwa kwempahla ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe. Imigwaqo emikhulu inakekelwa kahle, ivumela ukuhamba kahle kwempahla isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye. 4. Abathumeli Bempahla: Kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezinedumela lokudlulisela impahla ezisebenza e-Venezuela ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinokwethenjelwa zezidingo zemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe nezokuthutha. Lezi zinkampani zinikeza izixazululo ezibanzi ezihlanganisa ukugunyazwa kwentela, indawo yokugcina impahla, ukupakisha, nezokuthutha. 5. Izinsiza Zokugcina impahla: Kunenqwaba yezindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesimanje ezitholakala ezweni lonke ezihlinzeka ngezindawo eziphephile zokugcina izimpahla ezisalinde ukusatshalaliswa noma ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Lezi zindawo zokugcina izimpahla ziqinisekisa ukuphathwa kwempahla efanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe okuthengiswayo okubalulekile. 6.Izivumelwano Zokuhwebelana Namazwe Ngamazwe: Njengelungu lezinhlangano ezibalulekile zesifunda ezifana ne-MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) kanye ne-ALADI (Latin American Integration Association), i-Venezuela izuza ezivumelwaneni zokuhwebelana ezikhethiwe namazwe angomakhelwane njengeBrazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador phakathi kwamanye. .Lokhu kuthuthukisa amathuba okufinyelela ezimakethe kuyilapho kunciphisa intela yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa ngaphakathi kwalezi zifunda. 7.Ingqalasizinda ye-IT ye-IT: Umkhakha wezokuthutha e-Venezuela wamukele ukwenziwa kwedijithali ngokwanda kokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile njengamasistimu okulandelela ku-inthanethi, imibhalo yedijithali, ubuhlakani bebhizinisi njll.Lezi ntuthuko zilula ukusebenza, zivumela ukuphathwa kwe-supply chain ngendlela efanele. 8.Izinselele Nezingozi: Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Venezuela ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile embonini yayo yezokuthutha. Ukuntengantenga kwezwe kwezombusazwe nezomnotho, okuhlanganisa ukushintshashintsha kwemali, ukwehla kwamandla emali, kanye neziteleka zabasebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele aqaphe ngokucophelela isimo futhi asebenzisane nozakwethu bezokuthutha abanolwazi ukuze banciphise ubungozi. Sengiphetha, iVenezuela ihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda yezokuthutha ethuthuke kahle ehlanganisa amachweba, izikhumulo zezindiza, imigwaqo kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla. Ukuba khona kwabathumeli bempahla abathembekile kuhlangene nobulungu ezinhlanganweni zohwebo zesifunda kunikeza ukufinyelela ezimakethe zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unolwazi mayelana nokuguquguquka kwezwe ngenxa yezinselelo eziqhubekayo kwezepolitiki nezomnotho.

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

IVenezuela iyizwe elisogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Naphezu kwezinselelo zayo zamanje zomnotho, iVenezuela isenganikeza amathuba abalulekile okuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kumabhizinisi afuna ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwawo emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sihloko sizogqamisa iziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso e-Venezuela. 1. Ukuthengwa Kwempahla Kukahulumeni: Uhulumeni waseVenezuela udlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe futhi ungomunye wabathengi abakhulu bezimpahla nezinsizakalo. Uhulumeni uhlale eqhuba amathenda nezinqubo zokuthengwa kwempahla emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, ezempilo, ezamandla kanye nezokuthutha. Amabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuhlinzeka ngezimpahla noma amasevisi kuhulumeni wase-Venezuela angahlola amathuba ngamawebhusayithi awo okuthenga asemthethweni noma ngokusebenzisana nozakwethu bendawo abajwayelene nenqubo. 2. Imboni Kawoyela: IVenezuela inowoyela omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, okuyenza ibe imakethe ekhangayo ezinkampanini ezihileleke ekuhloleni uwoyela, ukukhiqiza, ukuhluzwa, nezimboni ezihlobene nazo. Amabhizinisi angamazwe ngamazwe angafuna ubudlelwano nenkampani kawoyela ephethwe uhulumeni i-PDVSA noma abanye abadlali abazimele abasebenza kulo mkhakha. 3. Umkhakha Wezimayini: I-Venezuela inemithombo yezimbiwa ezibalulekile njengegolide, i-iron ore, i-bauxite, amalahle, amadayimane, nezinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. Izinkampani zezimayini zamazwe ngamazwe zingahlola ubudlelwano obungaba khona noma amathuba okutshala imali kulo mkhakha ngokusebenzisana nezinkampani zezimayini zasendaweni noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezifana neMineria de Venezuela (Minerven). 4. Ibhizinisi lezolimo: Ezolimo ziwumkhakha obalulekile emnothweni waseVenezuela ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezihlukene ezivumela imikhiqizo yezolimo ehlukahlukene njengobhontshisi wekhofi (ikhethelo lokuthekelisa), ubhontshisi kakhokho (wokukhiqiza ushokoledi), izithelo (ubhanana namawolintshi), imifino (utamatisi & upelepele), umoba (ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol), phakathi kwabanye. Amabhizinisi ezolimo emhlabeni jikelele angase asungule ubudlelwano nezinhlangano zabalimi bendawo noma abambe iqhaza emibukisweni/imibukiso yezolimo eyenziwa ezweni lonke. 5.Izimboni Zokucubungula: Imikhiqizo edinga ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe yethula enye indlela yamashaneli okuthenga amazwe ngamazwe e-Venezuela - izibonelo zifaka imishini yokucubungula ukudla nezinto zokusebenza ezifana nezigayo zokusanhlamvu/izihliziyo/izimboni zepasta, imishini yokupakisha, nezimboni zamakhemikhali. Amabhizinisi angahlola ubudlelwano nezinkampani ezikhona ezikhiqiza ukudla endaweni noma ahlanganyele emisebenzini yohwebo nemibukiso ukuze abonise imikhiqizo yawo. 6.Imibukiso kanye Nemibukiso Yezohwebo: I-Venezuela isingatha imibukiso yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe ehlukahlukene kanye nemibukiso eheha ababambiqhaza bomhlaba. Izibonelo zifaka i-EXPOMECHANICAL (imishini nobuchwepheshe), i-ExpoCumbre Industrial (ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni), i-ExpoConstrucción (izinto zokwakha nengqalasizinda), i-ExpoVenezuela Potencia (iphromoshini kazwelonke yokukhiqiza), phakathi kokunye. Ukubamba iqhaza kule micimbi kunikeza amabhizinisi inkundla yokuthi abonise imikhiqizo yawo, axhumane nabangase babe abathengi/abasabalalisi, futhi azuze nemininingwane yemakethe ebalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yezinselelo zezomnotho eziqhubekayo iVenezuela ebhekene nazo, ukwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe olunzulu, ukuqonda imithetho yendawo/izindaba zokuhambisana, ukwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile bendawo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yokuthenga yezwe. Amabhizinisi kufanele futhi ahlale aqaphele noma yiziphi izibuyekezo zezombusazwe noma zezomnotho njengoba zingase zibe nomthelela ekwenzekeni kwemisebenzi yokuthenga yamazwe ngamazwe e-Venezuela.

Izinjini zokusesha ezijwayelekile

E-Venezuela, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: 1. I-Google (www.google.co.ve): I-Google ingenye yezinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi idumile naseVenezuela. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho ebanzi futhi inikezela ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengokusesha amakhasi ewebhu, izithombe, amavidiyo, izindatshana zezindaba, amamephu, nokuningi. 2. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing enye injini yokusesha edumile esetshenziswa e-Venezuela. Inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esikhangayo futhi inikeza izici ezifanayo ku-Google ngokusesha kwewebhu, ukusesha izithombe, amavidiyo, izindatshana zezindaba, amamephu, njll. 3. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo iyinjini yokusesha egxile ekuyimfihlo eyaziwa ngokungalandeleli ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwabasebenzisi noma ukugcina ukusesha kwabo. Ithole ukuthandwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abafuna ubumfihlo obuningi ku-inthanethi. 4. I-Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): I-Yahoo isasebenza njengomthombo onokwethenjelwa kubantu abaningi baseVenezuela uma kuziwa ekwenzeni ukusesha ku-inthanethi. Ihlinzeka ngosesho olujwayelekile lwewebhu kanye nezinye izinsiza ezifana nezihloko zezindaba kanye ne-imeyili. 5. I-Yandex (yandex.com): Nakuba izinze e-Russia, i-Yandex isebenza njengenye indlela noma inketho ehambisanayo kwezinye izinjini zokusesha ezidumile zase-Venezuela ngenxa yokuhlanganisa kabanzi izihloko ngosesho lwewebhu. 6.Izinjini Zokusesha Zesifunda: Kungase kube nezinjini zokusesha zesifunda noma zendawo ezizinze e-Venezuela ezibhekana ngqo nezidingo zendawo; kodwa-ke, lezi azisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinkundla zomhlaba ezishiwo ngenhla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abaningi baseVenezuela bangase basebenzise izinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Facebook noma i-Twitter ukwenza ukusesha okuthile phakathi kwenethiwekhi yabangane noma abalandeli babo kunokuthembela ezinjinini zokusesha ezisekelwe kuwebhu kuphela. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukufaka kuhlu wonke amawebhusayithi atholakalayo ngayinye yalezi nkundla ezishiwo kuzodlula umkhawulo wesibalo samagama onikeziwe

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

I-Venezuela iyizwe eliseNingizimu Melika futhi amakhasi alo aphuzi ayinhloko ahloselwe ukusiza izakhamuzi namabhizinisi ekutholeni imininingwane yokuxhumana yezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene. Nawa amanye amakhasi aphuzi amakhulu e-Venezuela kanye namawebhusayithi awo: 1. I-Páginas Amarillas: I-Páginas Amarillas ingenye yezinkomba zekhasi eliphuzi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Venezuela, ezihlanganisa izigaba eziningi zebhizinisi namasevisi. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi www.pav.com.ve. 2. Tu Empresa en Línea: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi luhlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukene, okuhlanganisa imininingwane yokuxhumana nezincazelo zemikhiqizo noma amasevisi anikezwayo. Ungafinyelela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.tuempresaenlinea.com. 3. I-Clasificados El Universal: Nakuba ingeyona isevisi yamakhasi aphuzi kuphela, i-Clasificados El Universal inikeza iqoqo elibanzi lezikhangiso ezivela kumabhizinisi ahlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-Venezuela, okukwenza kube insiza ewusizo ukuthola oxhumana nabo bendawo. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-clasificados.eluniversal.com. 4. Páginas Blancas Movistar: I-Movistar, engomunye wabahlinzeki bezingcingo abakhulu e-Venezuela, isingatha uhla lwemibhalo lwezingcingo olubizwa nge-Páginas Blancas (Amakhasi Amhlophe). Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izinombolo zocingo zokuhlala noma ezentengiso ngqo kuwebhusayithi yabo - www.movistar.com/ve/paginas-blancas/. 5. I-Guía Telefónica Cantv: I-Cantv enye inkampani yezokuxhumana evelele e-Venezuela ehlinzeka ngohlu lwayo lwezinombolo zefoni oluku-inthanethi olwaziwa nge-Guía Telefónica (Umhlahlandlela Wezingcingo). Ungathola imininingwane yokuxhumana yezindawo zokuhlala nezohwebo ngokuvakashela ku-www.cantv.net/guia-telefonica/. 6 . I-Paginaswebenvenezuela.net: paginaswebenvenezuela.net iwuhlu lwemibhalo eku-inthanethi olugxile ekubhaleni amawebhusayithi nezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihlobene newebhu njengokuklama kwewebhu, ukumaketha kwe-inthanethi, abahlinzeki bokusingatha, njll., ukuhlinzeka kokubili kokuqala namabhizinisi amisiwe. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi zinkomba ziphakathi kwezinketho ezidume kakhulu, kungase kube namanye amakhasi aphuzi esifunda noma aqondene nomkhakha othile atholakala e-Venezuela. Ukwengeza, ukutholakala nokunemba kolwazi olunikezwa yilezi zinkomba kungase kuhluke, ngakho-ke kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise imininingwane yokuxhumana neminye imithombo ethembekile ngaphambi kokufinyelela.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Venezuela inezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni. Nazi ezinye eziyinhloko kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-MercadoLibre (www.mercadolibre.com): I-MercadoLibre ingenye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili ze-e-commerce eLatin America, okuhlanganisa neVenezuela. Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo namasevisi, evumela abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ukuthi bathenge futhi badayise ku-inthanethi. 2. I-Linio (www.linio.com.ve): I-Linio enye inkundla ye-e-commerce edumile e-Venezuela, ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene efana ne-electronics, imfashini, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokuningi. 3. I-Tiendanube (www.tiendanube.com/venezuela): I-Tiendanube inikeza isixazululo kosomabhizinisi namabhizinisi amancane ukuze bakhe izitolo zabo eziku-inthanethi kalula. Inikeza izici ezifana nezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso, izindlela zokukhokha ezivikelekile, namathuluzi okuthengisa. 4. I-Doto (www.doto.com): I-Doto iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi egxile ekuxhumaniseni abathengi nabathengisi bendawo e-Venezuela. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphequlule izigaba ezahlukene ukuze bathole imikhiqizo abayidingayo. 5. I-Olx (www.olx.com/ve): Nakuba i-Olx yaziwa ngokuyinhloko njengewebhusayithi yohlu ehlukanisiwe, ihlanganisa nesigaba se-e-commerce lapho abantu bengathenga futhi badayise izimpahla ku-inthanethi. 6.Imakethe Yedijithali ye-Caracas(https://caracasdigitalmarket.net/) Imakethe Yedijithali yeCaracas igxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphone, amalaptop, ama-tv njll.Ihlinzeka ngamasevisi athembekile kumakhasimende angaphakathi kwe-Caracas kodwa ithumela ngemikhumbi kulo lonke elaseVenezuela Lawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce atholakala eVenezuela lapho ungathola khona imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene kalula ngamawebhusayithi abo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

Kunezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezidumile eVenezuela. Bavumela abantu ukuthi baxhumane, babelane ngolwazi, futhi baxhumane bodwa. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu eVenezuela kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook ingenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanya neVenezuela. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, babelane ngokuthunyelwe, izithombe, amavidiyo, futhi baxhumane nabangane nomndeni. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngezikhathi ezivela ezimpilweni zabo ngezithombe noma amavidiyo amafushane. Ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu naseVenezuela. 3. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter ingosi ye-microblogging evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets" kubalandeli babo. Abantu baseVenezuela basebenzisa i-Twitter ukuze bahlale benolwazi ngezindaba, izitayela, nokuxhumana nabanye besebenzisa ama-hashtag. 4. I-Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): I-Snapchat uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo ye-multimedia lapho abasebenzisi bengathatha izithombe noma barekhode amavidiyo anyamalala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokubukwa kafushane ngabamukeli. 5. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn igxile kakhulu ekuxhumaneni ngochwepheshe lapho abantu benza amaphrofayili agqamisa amakhono abo nolwazi lwabo lokuxhumana nochwepheshe njengamathuba emisebenzi noma ukusebenzisana. 6. I-WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): Nakuba i-WhatsApp ngokuyinhloko iwuhlelo lokuthumela imiyalezo oluvumela abantu ukuba bathumele imiyalezo futhi benze amakholi ezwi/ngevidiyo; iphinde isebenze njengenkundla yezokuxhumana edumile yabantu baseVenezuela ngenxa yokusebenziseka kalula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsiza ze-SMS zendabuko. 7.TikTok(https://www.tiktok.com/zh-Hant/ ): I-TikTok iyinsizakalo yokwabelana ngevidiyo yokuxhumana nabantu evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amavidiyo omdanso amafushane asethwe ngokumelene namathrekhi omculo adumile. Lezi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile ezisetshenziswa eVenezuela; Nokho ukusetshenziswa kungase kwehluke phakathi kwabantu ngokusekelwe kulokho abakuthandayo kanye nezinto abazithakaselayo.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

IVenezuela, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iBolivarian Republic of Venezuela, iyizwe elisogwini olusenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo eziningi zezomnotho nezepolitiki eminyakeni yamuva nje, iVenezuela isenezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezivelele zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekwesekeni nasekukhuthazeni imikhakha eyahlukene yomnotho wayo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni eVenezuela kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Fedecámaras (i-Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Production) Iwebhusayithi https://www.fedecamaras.org.ve/ 2. I-Conindustria (Inhlangano Yezinhlangano Zezimboni) Iwebhusayithi https://www.conindustria.org/ 3. I-FAVEMPA (Federation of Venezuelan Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Confederation) Iwebhusayithi http://favempa.net/ 4. I-Fedeagro (Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yabakhiqizi Bezolimo) Iwebhusayithi http://www.fedeagro.org/ 5. Consecomercio (UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezohwebo Nezinsizakalo) Iwebhusayithi: https://consecomercio.org/en/home 6. I-Cavecol (Inhlangano Yabathekelisi Bezimoto) Iwebhusayithi: Ayikho iwebhusayithi esemthethweni etholakalayo 7. I-Asociación Bancaria de Venezuela (i-Venezuelan Banking Association) Iwebhusayithi: Ayikho iwebhusayithi esemthethweni etholakalayo 8. Cámara Petrolera de Venezuela (Venezuelan Petroleum Chamber) Iwebhusayithi: Ayikho iwebhusayithi esemthethweni etholakalayo 9. I-ANDIVEN (Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yabakhiqizi Nabathekelisa Ngamazwe Ngamazwe) Iwebhusayithi; http://andiven.com Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezinye izinhlangano zingase zingabi nawo amawebhusayithi azinikele noma ukuba khona kwazo ku-inthanethi kungase kukhawulelwe ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nesimo samanje senhlalo-mnotho e-Venezuela.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-Venezuela yaziwa ngemithombo yayo yemvelo ecebile, ikakhulukazi uwoyela negesi yemvelo, edlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wayo. Izwe linamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namathuba ebhizinisi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezomnotho avelele e-Venezuela kanye nama-URL awo afanele: 1. Umnyango Wezomnotho, Wezezimali Nesabelomali - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezomnotho, Wezezimali kanye Nesabelomali kahulumeni waseVenezuela: www.minfinanzas.gob.ve 2. I-Banco Central de Venezuela (Ibhange Elimaphakathi laseVenezuela) - Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngezinqubomgomo zezimali, amanani okushintshanisa, izinkomba zomnotho, izibalo, nemithetho yezezimali: www.bcv.org.ve 3. Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Comercio Exterior e Inversión Internacional (Ministry of Foreign Trade) - Inikeza imininingwane mayelana nezinqubomgomo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukukhushulwa kwemisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle/yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe: www.comercioexterior.gob.ve 4. I-Consejo Nacional de Promoción de Inversiones (Umkhandlu Kazwelonke Wokukhuthazwa Kokutshalwa Kwezimali) - Igxile ekuheheni utshalomali oluqondile lwangaphandle (i-FDI) ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokusekela: www.conapri.org 5. I-Corporación Venezolana de Comercio Ingaphandle S.A.(CORPOVEX) – Inkampani kahulumeni okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuthaza ukuthengiswa ngaphandle kukawoyela wase-Venezuela ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ezintsha: www.corpovex.gob.ve 6. Consejo Nacional del Comercio y los Servicios (Umkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezohwebo Nezinsizakalo)- Inikeza izibuyekezo zezindaba ezihlobene nezohwebo kanye nemininingwane emayelana nemithetho/izimiso ezithinta ezohwebo: www.cncs.go.cr. 7.Cámara Venezolano-Turca (Venezuelan-Turkish Chamber of Commerce)- Isiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabhizinisi aseVenezuela naseTurkey ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathuba okuhweba/okutshalwa kwezimali : http://www.camaturca.org. Lawa mawebhusayithi kufanele akunikeze ulwazi olubanzi mayelana nezici ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nezomnotho nokuhweba eVenezuela. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokufinyeleleka kwalawa mawebhusayithi kungase kwehluke, uma kubhekwa isimo sezwe samanje sezomnotho nezepolitiki.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ophenyo lwedatha yezohwebo ahlobene ne-Venezuela. Sicela uthole ama-URL angezansi: 1. Isikhungo Sokuhweba Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC): Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo eziphelele kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-Venezuela, okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe, amanani entengo, kanye nezimakethe. Ungafinyelela idatha kokuthi https://www.trademap.org/Bilateral_TS.aspx?nvpm=1|862||201||||VENEZUELA. 2. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): I-WITS inikeza inkundla yokubuza ngedatha yohwebo kanye nentela emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Venezuela. Ngokuvakashela ku-http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/VEN/, ungahlola ulwazi oluhlukahlukene oluhlobene nohwebo olunjengozakwethu bokuhweba, izigaba zemikhiqizo, nezintela. 3. I-United Nations Comtrade Database: I-UN Comtrade Database iyinqolobane ebanzi yedatha yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ehlinzekwa ngamazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ungathola imininingwane enemininingwane yohwebo lwase-Venezuela ngokufinyelela ku-https://comtrade.un.org/data/ ngaphansi kwesigaba esithi "Izwe". 4. I-Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC): I-OEC ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ekuthengisweni kwe-Venezuela nasekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kanye nezindlela zokwehlukahlukana komkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula ku-https://oec.world/en/profile/country/ven/. 5. I-Global Edge: I-Global Edge inikezela ngemininingwane ebanzi yezinkomba zomnotho zaseVenezuela, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kokuthekelisa kwezinkampani zemboni kanye nemininingwane yozakwethu ababalulekile. Isiza siyatholakala kokuthi https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/venezuela/tradestats. Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngemithombo ethembekile yokuhlola idatha yohwebo ngokujulile yase-Venezuela ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko zakho ezithile noma izintshisekelo zakho emisebenzini yezomnotho yezwe.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

Kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezitholakala e-Venezuela, lapho amabhizinisi angaxhuma futhi ahlanganyele emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokuhweba. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B avelele e-Venezuela kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Alibaba.com (www.alibaba.com): I-Alibaba inkundla eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke eyenza lula ukuhwebelana kwe-B2B phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi abavela emhlabeni wonke. Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa imishini, izinto zikagesi, izindwangu, nokunye. 2. I-MercadoLibre (www.mercadolibre.com): I-MercadoLibre ingenye yezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce e-Latin America futhi isebenza njengendawo yemakethe ye-B2B eVenezuela. Ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abhale ohlwini imikhiqizo yawo namasevisi azodayiselwa ezinye izinkampani. 3. I-Industrynet (www.industrynet.com): I-Industrynet iyindawo yemakethe yezimboni eku-inthanethi exhumanisa abathengi nabahlinzeki abavela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Amabhizinisi angathola abakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, abahlinzeki besevisi, nezinye izinsiza eziqondene nomkhakha othile kule nkundla. 4. I-TradeKey (www.tradekey.com): I-TradeKey iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B yomhlaba wonke eyenza amabhizinisi axhumane nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nabahlinzeki ezimbonini ezahlukene. Ihlinzeka ngamathuba ezinkampanini zaseVenezuela zokwandisa ukufinyelela kwazo ngale kwemingcele yasekhaya. 5. I-BizVibe (www.bizvibe.com): I-BizVibe iyinkundla yokuxhumana ye-B2B eklanyelwe ukuxhuma amabhizinisi anomqondo ofanayo emhlabeni wonke emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa ezokukhiqiza, ezolimo, ezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezobuchwepheshe, njll. 6.I-Plaza Virtual Empresarial de Carabobo(https://aplicaciones.carabobo.gob..ve/PlazaVirtualEmpresarial/pages/catalogo.jsf) : I-Plaza Virtual Empresarial de Carabobo iwuhlu lwemibhalo yebhizinisi eku-inthanethi eqondene ngqo nezinkampani ezizinze esifundazweni saseCarabobo I-Venezuela ibavumela ukuthi bakhangise ngemikhiqizo yabo noma amasevisi kumakhasimende angaba khona ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yemvelo eshintsha ngokushesha yokutholakala kwezingxenyekazi zezentengiselwano zedijithali kungase kwehluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kuyanconywa ukwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe noma uthintane nezinhlangano zamabhizinisi endawo ukuthola ulwazi lwakamuva kakhulu kumapulatifomu e-B2B e-Venezuela.