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Incamake y'igihugu
Venezuwela, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Bolivariya ya Venezuela, ni igihugu giherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Epfo. Igabana imipaka na Kolombiya mu burengerazuba, Burezili mu majyepfo, na Guyana mu burasirazuba. Inyanja ya Karayibe iri mu majyaruguru no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 916.445 (kilometero kare 353.841), Venezuwela ifite imigisha itandukanye. Kuva ku nyanja nziza cyane ku nkombe zayo kugeza ku mashyamba manini yo mu turere tw’imbere, iki gihugu gifite ubwiza nyaburanga budasanzwe. Mubyukuri, Venezuwela niho hari Isumo rya Angel, akaba ariryo soko rirerire ku isi. Gahunda ya politiki y'igihugu ikurikiza icyitegererezo cya repubulika ya perezida. Caracas ikora nk'umurwa mukuru wacyo n'umujyi munini. Icyesipanyoli ni ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa na Venezuela benshi. Venezuwela ifite umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye ku Basangwabutaka ndetse no mu bukoloni bwa Esipanye. Uru ruvange rwimico rushobora kugaragara binyuze mumuziki wabo nka salsa na merengue n'imbyino gakondo nka joropo. Mu rwego rw'ubukungu, Venezuwela ifite ibigega bya peteroli bituma iba imwe mu zikora peteroli nini ku isi. Nyamara, kwishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byatumye ubukungu bwayo bugabanuka mu gihe cy’imihindagurikire y’isoko ku isi. Ibi byatumye habaho ihungabana mu myaka yashize hamwe n’ifaranga ry’ifaranga ryazamutse cyane kandi bigira ingaruka ku mibereho rusange y’abaturage ba Venezuela. Nubwo ibibazo by’ubukungu byugarije iki gihugu vuba aha, biracyafite umutungo kamere harimo ubutare bw’amabuye y'agaciro nka zahabu na feri bifite amahirwe yo kuzamuka mu gihe kizaza nibimara kugaruka. Mu gusoza, Venezuwela iragaragaraho ubwiza nyaburanga hamwe n'umurage utandukanye w’umuco ugaragaza ingaruka zituruka mu moko atandukanye. Nubwo guhura n’ibibazo bitewe no kwishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biganisha ku bibazo by’ubukungu mu bihe byashize; icyakora niba ikoreshejwe neza hamwe nibindi bikoresho biboneka muri Venezuwela haracyari amahirwe yo kongera kwiyongera mubihe biri imbere
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Imiterere y’ifaranga muri Venezuwela irihariye kandi iragoye. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Venezuwela ni Bolívar, ikimenyetso cyayo kikaba "Bs.S" cyangwa "VEF" (Venezuwela Bolívar Fuerte). Ariko, kubera ingorane zikomeye zubukungu nigipimo kinini cy’ifaranga, agaciro ka Bolívar karagabanutse cyane. Mu myaka yashize, hyperinflation yibasiye ubukungu bwa Venezuela, bituma Bolívar itakaza agaciro gakomeye. Iki kibazo cyateje ikibazo cyibicuruzwa na serivisi byibanze mugihe ibiciro byazamutse. Guverinoma yagerageje kugenzura ifaranga rishyiraho uburyo bushya bwa Bolívar nka bolivar soberano (sovereign bolivar), yasimbuye bolivar fuerte ku gipimo cya 1000: 1 muri 2018. Kugira ngo bahangane na hyperinflation, abaturage baho bakunze gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kwishyura nko guhinduranya cyangwa gukoresha amafaranga y’amahanga nkamadorari y’Amerika cyangwa amayero mu bucuruzi aho kwishingikiriza kuri Bolívares rwose. Mubyukuri, ubucuruzi bumwe na bumwe muri Venezuwela bwemera kumugaragaro amadolari y’Amerika nkubwishyu bitewe n’umutekano wabo ugereranije no guhora uhindagurika agaciro k’ifaranga ryaho. Ibi bihe byubukungu byateye kandi kwiyongera kwifaranga rya digitale nka cryptocurrencies ikoreshwa mubucuruzi mubaturage bamwe. Bitcoin hamwe nandi ma cryptocurrencies atanga abanya Venezuela ubundi buryo bwo kurinda umutungo wabo kwirinda hyperinflation ikabije. N’ubwo abayobozi bashyizeho ingufu mu gushyira mu bikorwa igenzura ry’ivunjisha no kugerageza kuvugurura amafaranga, ntibyoroshye guhungabanya ifaranga ry’igihugu kubera ibibazo bya gahunda bigira ingaruka ku bukungu bwagutse bwa Venezuela. Mu gusoza, Venezuela ihura n’ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye n’ifaranga ry’ifaranga bitewe n’igipimo cy’ifaranga ryinshi bigatuma igabanuka rikabije ry’ifaranga ryayo-Bolivar- ihatira abantu inzira zindi nko guhana cyangwa gukoresha amafaranga y’amahanga nk’amadolari y’Amerika. Izamuka ry’ifaranga rya digitale ryerekana kandi uburyo abantu bo mu baturage bamwe bagerageza gushaka umutekano mu gihe iki kibazo cy’imari kibangamiye igihugu cyabo.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Venezuwela ni Bolivar. Icyakora, kubera ibibazo by’ubukungu n’ibibazo by’ifaranga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya Venezuela cyifashe nabi. Kugeza ubu, ukurikije amategeko yemewe, idorari rimwe rigomba kuba rifite agaciro ka 200.000. Nyamuneka menya ko iyi ari imibare itajenjetse kandi hashobora kubaho igipimo kinini cyangwa gito cyo kuvunja mubikorwa nyirizina.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Venezuwela yizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge (Día de la Independencia): Umunsi wubwigenge bwa Venezuela wizihizwa ku ya 5 Nyakanga. Uyu munsi mukuru wibutsa ubwigenge bwigihugu ku butegetsi bwa gikoloni bwa Espagne, bwagezweho mu 1811. Ni umunsi mukuru w’igihugu wuzuyemo ibikorwa byo gukunda igihugu nka parade, fireworks, ndetse n’umuco. 2. Carnival: Carnival ni ibirori byibirori mbere yigisibo kandi bibaho mu mpera za Gashyantare cyangwa mu ntangiriro za Werurwe buri mwaka. Abanya Venezuela bishimira ibirori byo kumuhanda, umuziki, kubyina, imyambarire y'amabara, hamwe na masque. Nibintu bishushanya byerekana umuco n'imigenzo ya Venezuela. 3. Noheri (Navidad): Kwizihiza Noheri muri Venezuwela ubusanzwe bitangira ku ya 16 Ukuboza hamwe na "La Novena," iminsi icyenda yo kwizihiza idini ibanziriza umunsi wa Noheri (25 Ukuboza). Imiryango ihurira kumafunguro gakondo nka hallacas (ubwoko bwa tamale) no guhana impano munsi yibiti bitatse neza muriki gihe. 4. Umunsi mukuru wa Bikira Mariya Coromoto: Ku ya 11 Nzeri buri mwaka, Abanya Venezuela bubaha umutagatifu wabo - Bikira Mariya Coromoto - hamwe n’imyigaragambyo n’ibirori by’amadini mu gihugu hose. Abanya Venezuela benshi bakora ingendo muri Basilika muri Guanare, ahari urusengero rweguriwe. 5. Isabukuru y'amavuko ya Bolivar: Ku ya 24 Nyakanga buri mwaka, Abanya Venezuela bizihiza isabukuru y'amavuko ya Simón Bolívar - umwe mu bantu bakomeye mu mateka yubahwa cyane wagize uruhare runini mu kubohoza ibihugu byinshi byo muri Amerika y'Epfo ku butegetsi bwa Esipanye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda. Iyi minsi mikuru itanga amahirwe kubanya Venezuela guhurira hamwe nkumuryango; buzuye ibirori bishimishije byemerera abantu kwerekana ishema ryigihugu cyabo no kwerekana umurage wabo gakondo.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Venezuwela ni igihugu giherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Epfo. Ifite ubukungu buvanze, bushingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, bingana na 95% byinjira mu mahanga. Igihugu gifite ibigega byinshi bya peteroli kandi biza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu bitanga peteroli ku isi. Mu mateka, Venezuwela yagize uruhare runini ku masoko ya peteroli ku isi kandi yishingikiriza cyane ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ubukungu butere imbere. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye barimo Amerika, Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Amerika yepfo. Kubera gushingira cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi bwa Venezuela bugira ingaruka cyane ku ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya peteroli ku isi. Iyo ibiciro biri hejuru, ibona ibisagutse; ariko, mu bihe by’ibiciro biri hasi cyangwa guhungabana mu musaruro no kugabura bitewe n’imidugararo ya politiki cyangwa ihungabana ry’ubukungu, igihugu gihura n’igihombo gikomeye cy’ubucuruzi. Usibye ibikomoka kuri peteroli, Venezuwela kandi yohereza amabuye y'agaciro nk'amabuye y'icyuma na aluminiyumu ndetse n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'imbuto n'imboga. Nyamara ,, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitari peteroli bigize igice gito cyubucuruzi bwacyo muri rusange. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, Venezuwela itumiza cyane cyane imashini n'ibikoresho bikenerwa mu iterambere ry'inganda hamwe n'ibicuruzwa bivura imiti birimo ifumbire. Itumiza kandi ibiribwa nk'ibinyampeke, ibikomoka ku nyama, n'ibicuruzwa nka elegitoroniki n'ibinyabiziga biva mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi. Ikibabaje ni uko mu myaka yashize, Venezuwela yahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu byagize ingaruka mbi ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Igihugu cyahuye n’ifaranga rikabije, guta agaciro kw’ifaranga, ndetse no kugabanuka gukabije kwa GDP. Byongeye kandi, ihungabana rya politiki hamwe n’ibihano byafashwe n’ibihugu byinshi. byongeye kubangamira ibyifuzo byubucuruzi, bigatuma igabanuka ry’ishoramari ry’amahanga. Mu gusoza, ubukungu bwa Venezuela bushingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli ariko bihura n’ibibazo byinshi bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye z’imbere mu gihugu. Muri iki gihe, bizaba ngombwa ko Venezuela itandukanya ubukungu bwayo, ikubaka icyizere cy’abashoramari, kandi igashimangira urwego rutari peteroli kugira ngo itezimbere muri rusange uko ubucuruzi bwifashe mu bukungu burambye.
Iterambere ryisoko
Venezuwela ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nubwo ihura n’ibibazo bitandukanye by’ubukungu, igihugu gifite umutungo ninshi n’ahantu hateganijwe, bitanga amahirwe yo kwagura ubucuruzi. Imwe mu mbaraga zikomeye za Venezuela iri mu bubiko bwayo bwinshi. Nka kimwe mu bitanga peteroli nini ku isi, gifite ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu bicuruzwa bijyanye na peteroli nka peteroli na peteroli itunganijwe. Iyi myanya Venezuela nk'umukinnyi w'ingenzi ku isoko ry’ingufu ku isi, ikurura abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bashishikajwe n’amasoko y’ingufu zizewe. Byongeye kandi, Venezuwela ifite ubutunzi bukomeye nka zahabu, ubutare bw'icyuma, na bauxite. Umutungo kamere utanga amahirwe yo kwagura ubufatanye bwubucuruzi n’ibihugu bisaba ayo mabuye y'agaciro mu nganda zabo. Byongeye kandi, igihugu gifite kandi ububiko bwa gaze karemano, butanga indi nzira yo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu gihe kiri imbere. Byongeye kandi, urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwa Venezuela rufite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Igihugu gifite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by’ubuhinzi birimo imbuto zo mu turere dushyuha (nk'imineke n'imyembe), ibishyimbo bya kawa, ibishyimbo bya kakao, n'amatungo. Hamwe n’ishoramari rikwiye n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo muri uru rwego bifatanije n’ubushake bwo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’ubuziranenge no guhangana ku masoko mpuzamahanga; hari intera nini yo kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku buryo bugaragara. Ahantu hegereye muri Venezuwela hashobora kurushaho guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga binyuze mu irembo ry’amasoko aturanye nka Burezili na Kolombiya. Ibi bihugu bifite ibiciro binini by’abaguzi bitanga amahirwe yunguka kubohereza ibicuruzwa muri Venezuwela bashaka amasoko atandukanye mu karere. Nubwo izo nyungu zavuzwe haruguru; ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ihungabana rya politiki n’ibibazo by’imibereho n’ubukungu byadindije ubushobozi bwa Venezuela bwo gukoresha neza ubushobozi bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga vuba aha. Nubwo bimeze bityo; hamwe n'ingamba zikwiye zafashwe n'inzego za leta nko guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo; koroshya inzira za gasutamo; gutsimbataza icyizere cy’abashoramari binyuze muri politiki ihamye hamwe n’ivugurura ry’imbere ryibanda ku gutandukanya ubukungu - hari amahirwe menshi yo kuvugurura isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Venezuela. Mu gusoza; mugihe uhuye ningorane zimwe na zimwe kubera imbogamizi zisanzwe zavuzwe mbere - gushakisha inzira nshya binyuze mu gukoresha neza umutungo uriho, kwibanda ku gutandukanya ubukungu, no gukoresha aho uherereye bishobora gufasha Venezuela gufungura isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rya Venezuela, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Ni ngombwa kuzirikana uko igihugu cyifashe muri iki gihe mu bukungu no mu bya politiki, hamwe n’ibikenewe n’abakiriya ba Venezuela. Ubwa mbere, kubera ibibazo byubukungu byugarije Venezuela, ni byiza kwibanda ku bicuruzwa byingenzi bizahora bisabwa hatitawe ku miterere yubukungu. Ibi birimo ibiribwa byibanze nkumuceri, ibishyimbo, amavuta yo guteka, nibicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa birakenewe mugukoresha buri munsi kandi bikunda kugurishwa neza no mubihe bigoye. Byongeye kandi, urebye izamuka ry’ubucuruzi bwa digitale kwisi yose, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho birashobora kuba isoko nziza muri Venezuwela. Amaterefone, tableti, mudasobwa zigendanwa hamwe nibikoresho byayo nka terefone na insinga zo kwishyuza bikunda guhitamo cyane mubakoresha ikoranabuhanga. Ariko, iki gice gishobora kugira ingaruka mugihe imbaraga zo kugura zigabanutse cyane. Byongeye kandi, igihugu gifite ikirere gishyuha gitera ibicuruzwa byita ku bantu gushakishwa cyane.Ibintu nk’amavuta yo kwisiga izuba, isuku yoroheje, ibicuruzwa byita ku musatsi, hamwe n’ibirwanya ibyuya birashobora kwamamara mu baguzi ba Venezuela bashyira imbere kubungabunga isuku yabo mu gihe bahuza n’ikirere. . Na none, kubera imigenzo gakondo yumuco, abanya Venezuela bashima ubukorikori.Uyu munsi, imbuga nkoranyambaga zitanga imenyekanisha ridahenze ku banyabukorikori bafite imitako ikozwe mu ntoki, ububumbyi, amashusho, hamwe n’imyenda ishimisha abenegihugu cyangwa ba mukerarugendo bashaka ibice byihariye.Ibintu bishobora gukora intego ebyiri - gushyigikira ubukorikori bwaho mugihe uhuza umuntu kugiti cye. Ubwanyuma, Venezuela ifite umutungo munini wubuhinzi bityo bigatuma umusaruro kama ushobora kugurishwa ibicuruzwa bishyushye.Kongera imyumvire yabaguzi kubyerekeye ubuzima n’ingaruka ku bidukikije bituma imbuto / imboga kama zishakishwa cyane.Abacuruzi bagomba kwemeza ubuziranenge mugihe bamenyekanisha ibyo bicuruzwa, bakibanda ku gaciro k’imirire yabo. , imiterere irwanya imiti yica udukoko, no gukurikiza amahame arambye mubikorwa byubuhinzi. Wibuke ko gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko ari ngombwa mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi ubwo ari bwo bwose. Imbaraga zitandukanye mu mibereho n’ubukungu zishobora gukenera guhinduka. Abacuruzi b’amahanga bagomba guhora basuzuma imigendekere y’isoko, bagahuza n’ibyo, kandi bagakomeza umubano ukomeye n’abafatanyabikorwa baho kugira ngo bahitemo neza kandi bahari isoko rya Venezuwela.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Venezuwela, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Bolivariya ya Venezuela, ni igihugu giherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Epfo. Ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 28 kandi izwiho umurage gakondo n'umuco mwiza. Mugihe cyo gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya muri Venezuwela, hari ingingo nke zingenzi ugomba gusuzuma. 1. Gukusanya hamwe: Abanya Venezuela bakunda guha agaciro indangamuntu kuruta umuntu ku giti cye. Umuryango hamwe nabaturage bafite uruhare runini mubuzima bwabo, kandi ibyemezo akenshi bifatwa hitawe kumatsinda yagutse. 2. Ubushyuhe nubucuti: Abanya Venezuela muri rusange barashyuha, bakirana urugwiro nabandi. Bashima ibiganiro bito, batezimbere umubano wabo mbere yo gukora ibibazo byubucuruzi. 3. Akamaro ko kwizerana: Kubaka ikizere ni ngombwa mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri Venezuwela. Umubano ugomba gushyirwaho ushingiye ku kubahana no kwizerana mbere yo gutera imbere mubikorwa cyangwa amasezerano. 4. Imiterere y'inzego: Umuryango wa Venezuwela ufite imiterere y'inzego aho kubaha ubuyobozi ari ngombwa. Imyaka n'umwanya bifite akamaro mubusabane bwabantu; kuvugana n'abayobozi bafite imitwe ikwiye nka "Umukuru" cyangwa "Muganga" byerekana icyubahiro gikwiye. 5. Uburyo bwitumanaho bwiyubashye: Ikinyabupfura gifite akamaro kanini mumico ya Venezuela mugihe uganira nabakiriya cyangwa abakiriya. Kugira ikinyabupfura, gukoresha imvugo isanzwe (cyane cyane ubanza), gutega amatwi witonze, gukomeza guhuza amaso mugihe cyibiganiro - ibi bintu byose bigira uruhare mubikorwa byiza. Noneho reka dukomeze kuganira kuri kirazira cyangwa sensitivité umuntu agomba kwirinda mugihe akorana nabakiriya ba Venezuela: 1.Kubaha ibyiyumvo bya politiki: Urebye uko politiki iriho ubu muri Venezuwela mu myaka yashize, ibiganiro bya politiki birashobora guhinduka ingingo zoroshye zishobora gutera amarangamutima akomeye mubantu bahari mugihe cyibiganiro cyangwa inama - kwibanda cyane kumico aho kuba politiki bishobora gufasha gukomeza ubumwe. ikirere. 2. Irinde kunenga imigenzo n'imigenzo byaho utabanje gusobanukirwa neza - kubaha indangagaciro z'umuco wabo ni ngombwa mugushiraho umubano ushingiye ku kwizerana. 3. Irinde kuba umuntu utaziguye iyo uvuze "oya" - Abanya Venezuela bakunda guhitamo uburyo butumanaho butaziguye kugirango bakomeze ubwumvikane kandi birinde guhangana. Gukoresha euphemisme cyangwa interuro yubwenge nibyiza cyane mugihe wanze ibyifuzo cyangwa kwerekana ibyo mutumvikanaho. 4.Kwubaha Umwanya Wihariye: Abanya Venezuela mubusanzwe bahitamo intera yegereye abantu kuruta iyindi mico. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, biracyakenewe gupima urwego rwihumure rwabantu no kubaha umwanya wihariye mugihe cyo gukorana. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira zavuzwe bizafasha mu kubaka umubano mwiza n’abakiriya ba Venezuela, gutsimbataza ikizere, no koroshya ubucuruzi neza.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Venezuela, igihugu giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo, gifite amategeko agenga imigenzo n'abinjira n'abasohoka ku bantu binjira cyangwa bava mu gihugu. Ikigo cya gasutamo no kurinda imipaka (CBP) cya Venezuela gifite inshingano zo kubahiriza aya mabwiriza. Iyo ugiye muri Venezuwela, ni ngombwa kumenya amategeko amwe ya gasutamo. Kuzana no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bigengwa n'amategeko yihariye. Birakenewe gutangaza ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kirenze ubwinshi bwikoreshwa ryumuntu cyangwa gifite agaciro karenze imipaka yemerewe kugenwa na CBP. Byongeye kandi, abagenzi basabwa kugira pasiporo yemewe nibura amezi atandatu yemewe. Ukurikije ubwenegihugu bwawe, urashobora kandi gukenera viza cyangwa ikarita yubukerarugendo mbere yo kwinjira mu gihugu. Nibyiza kugenzura na ambasade ya Venezuela cyangwa konsuline mugihugu cyawe kugirango ubone ibyangombwa byinjira. Ukigera muri Venezuwela, uzakenera kunyura mu igenzura ry’abinjira n'abasohoka aho uzerekana pasiporo yawe hamwe nibindi byangombwa bisabwa. Urutoki rwa elegitoroniki rushobora gufatwa murwego rwo kwimuka. Numara kugenzura abinjira n'abasohoka, uzanyura kuri gasutamo aho imizigo yawe ishobora kugenzurwa n'abayobozi ba CBP. Ugomba kubika inyemezabwishyu kubintu byaguzwe mumahanga nkuko bishobora gusabwa muriki gikorwa cyo kugenzura. Ni ngombwa kutazana ibintu bibujijwe muri Venezuwela nk'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa intwaro bitemewe, ibicuruzwa byiganano, ibicuruzwa by’ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika, cyangwa ibikoresho byose bifatwa nk'ibiteye isoni cyangwa bibabaza abayobozi ba Venezuela. Twabibutsa kandi ko hari imbogamizi zijyanye no kuvunja amafaranga muri Venezuwela kubera ihungabana ry'ubukungu. Birasabwa kuvunja amafaranga gusa ahantu hemewe nka banki nibiro byivunjisha. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa kumenyera amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Venezuela mbere yo kujyayo. Gukurikiza byimazeyo aya mabwiriza bizatuma igihugu cyinjira neza mu gihe hirindwa ibibazo bitari ngombwa abayobozi bashinzwe kugenzura imipaka.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Venezuwela igamije kugenzura no kugenzura ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu. Izi politiki zigamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no guteza imbere umusaruro waho. Imisoro yatumijwe muri Venezuwela iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma yashyizeho ibiciro bitandukanye by’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye, hamwe n’ibintu bimwe bifite imisoro iva mu mahanga kuruta ibindi. Ibi bikorwa kugirango bice ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no gushishikariza umusaruro waho. Usibye imisoro isanzwe itumizwa mu mahanga, Venezuwela inashyiraho imisoro y'inyongera ku bintu by'akataraboneka n'ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa. Muri byo harimo ibicuruzwa nka elegitoroniki, imodoka, imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, n'imitako. Imisoro y'inyongera ikora nk'ibibuza gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byiza kandi biteza imbere amafaranga mu gihugu aho. Byongeye kandi, Venezuwela yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda yiswe "Urwego rw’ibanze rutanga umusaruro" aho inganda zimwe na zimwe zifata ingamba z’iterambere ry’igihugu zihabwa uburyo bwihariye bwo gusonerwa cyangwa gusonerwa imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Izi nganda ubusanzwe zirimo uduce nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, ingufu, itumanaho, n'ubuvuzi. Twabibutsa ko politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Venezuwela yagiye ihinduka kenshi bitewe n’ubukungu ndetse n’ibintu bya politiki mu myaka yashize. Mu gihe igihugu gihura n’ibibazo bitandukanye nk’ifaranga n’ibura ry’ibicuruzwa byingenzi, guverinoma irashobora guhindura politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Venezuwela igamije gushyira mu gaciro hagati yo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu ndetse no kubona ibicuruzwa by’ibanze ku baturage bayo. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa igipimo cy’imisoro ishingiye ku bwoko bw’ibicuruzwa no gutanga ubusonerwe cyangwa gushimangira inzego z’ingamba, guverinoma igerageza gucunga neza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu gihe biteza imbere iterambere ry’ibanze.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Venezuwela, nk'igihugu gikungahaye kuri peteroli, yishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo yinjize. Icyakora, usibye ibikomoka kuri peteroli, Venezuwela nayo yohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo amabuye y'agaciro, ibikomoka ku buhinzi, n'ibicuruzwa. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigenga ubucuruzi no kuzamura ubukungu bwacyo. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inganda zaho no kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, Venezuwela yashyizeho imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe. Iyi misoro igamije guca intege ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikenewe mu gihugu. Mu gushyiraho imisoro ihanitse ku bicuruzwa nkibyo, guverinoma irashaka kurinda ibicuruzwa by’imbere mu gihugu no gutanga ibicuruzwa bihagije mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ishyirwaho mu rwego rwo kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Amafaranga yakusanyijwe binyuze muri iyi misoro arashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo, gahunda zimibereho, cyangwa izindi ntego za leta. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko amakuru arambuye yerekeranye na politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa muri Venezuwela muri iki gihe ashobora gutandukana bitewe n’inganda cyangwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibiciro n'amabwiriza birashobora guhinduka bitewe nubukungu cyangwa ibyemezo bya leta. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Venezuwela ikora intego nyinshi nko kuzamura inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe zinjiza amafaranga y’imishinga rusange. Aya mabwiriza ni ingenzi mu gucunga imbaraga z’ubucuruzi no kuzamura ubukungu burambye mu gihugu.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Venezuwela ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo, kizwiho umutungo kamere n'ubukungu butandukanye. Mu rwego rwo kurinda ubuziranenge n'umutekano ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, guverinoma ya Venezuela yashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Abashora ibicuruzwa muri Venezuwela basabwa kubona ibyemezo bitandukanye bitandukanye, bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byabo. Icyemezo kimwe gisanzwe ni Icyemezo cy'inkomoko (CO), kigenzura ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byakorewe cyangwa byakorewe muri Venezuwela. Iyi nyandiko ifasha gukumira uburiganya no kwemeza kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi. Ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi ni Icyemezo cy’isuku (SC), gikenewe mu kohereza ibiribwa n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibyo bicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima n’umutekano byashyizweho na Venezuela ndetse n’igihugu gitumiza mu mahanga. SC ni ingenzi cyane kubihugu bifite amategeko akomeye yo gutumiza mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bashobora kandi gukenera kubona ibyemezo byihariye bishingiye ku nganda zabo cyangwa ubwoko bwibicuruzwa. Kurugero, niba kohereza ibicuruzwa kama, bisaba icyemezo cya Organic cyemewe numuryango wemewe. Kugira ngo ibyo byemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Venezuwela, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kubahiriza inzira zashyizweho n'inzego za Leta zitandukanye nk'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge (INDEPABIS) cyangwa Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu z'ubucuruzi mu mahanga (MPPIC). Izi nzego zifite inshingano zo kugenzura inzira zoherezwa mu mahanga no kubahiriza iyubahirizwa ry’ibipimo by’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Muri rusange, ibyo byemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi hagati ya Venezuela n’ibindi bihugu byizeza abaguzi ko ibicuruzwa bya Venezuela byujuje ingamba zikenewe zo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Abashora ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kugendera kuri ibyo basabwa kugira ngo bagere ku masoko mpuzamahanga mu gihe bakurikiza politiki igenga haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Venezuwela ni igihugu cyo muri Amerika y'Epfo gifite urwego rw'ibikoresho byihuta cyane. Hano hari amakuru asabwa yerekeye ibikoresho bya Venezuela: 1. Ibyambu: Venezuwela ifite ibyambu byinshi binini byo mu nyanja bikora nk'irembo rikomeye ryo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Icyambu cya La Guaira, giherereye hafi y'umurwa mukuru wa Caracas, ni kimwe mu byambu byinshi muri iki gihugu. Itanga ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya ibikoresho kandi bigira uruhare runini mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. 2. Ibibuga byindege: Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Simon Bolivar, kizwi kandi ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Maiquetia, ni cyo kibuga cy’ibanze cy’abagenzi ndetse n’ubwikorezi bw’imizigo muri Venezuwela. Iherereye hafi ya Caracas kandi itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ahantu hatandukanye kwisi. 3. Ibikorwa Remezo byumuhanda: Venezuwela ifite umuyoboro mugari worohereza ubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa mu turere dutandukanye twigihugu. Imihanda minini irabungabunzwe neza, ituma kugenda neza imizigo biva ahantu hamwe bijya ahandi. 4. Abatwara ibicuruzwa: Hariho ibigo byinshi bizwi byo kohereza ibicuruzwa bikorera muri Venezuwela bitanga serivisi zizewe kubyohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga n'ibikoresho bikenerwa. Izi sosiyete zitanga ibisubizo byuzuye birimo ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, ububiko, gupakira, no gutwara abantu. 5. Ibikoresho byububiko: Hariho ububiko bwinshi bugezweho buboneka mugihugu hose butanga ibikoresho bibitse kubicuruzwa bitegereje kugabanywa cyangwa koherezwa hanze. Ibyo bubiko byemeza neza gucunga neza ingamba n’umutekano zo kurinda ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro. 6.Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi: Nkumunyamuryango w’amashyirahamwe akomeye y’ubucuruzi yo mu karere nka MERCOSUR (Isoko rusange ry’amajyepfo) na ALADI (Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryunze ubumwe), Venezuwela yunguka amasezerano y’ubucuruzi akunzwe n’ibihugu bituranye nka Burezili, Arijantine, Kolombiya, Ecuador n'ibindi .Ibi byongera amahirwe yo kubona isoko mugihe ugabanya ibiciro byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze muri utwo turere. 7.Ibikorwa Remezo bya IT: Ibikorwa remezo muri Venezuwela byakiriye uburyo bwa digitale hamwe no kongera ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka sisitemu yo gukurikirana kuri interineti, inyandiko za digitale, amakuru y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi .Iterambere ryorohereza imikorere, rifasha gucunga neza amasoko. 8.Ibibazo & Ingaruka: Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Venezuwela ihura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu nganda zayo. Ihungabana rya politiki n’ubukungu by’igihugu, harimo ihindagurika ry’ifaranga, ifaranga ry’ifaranga, ndetse rimwe na rimwe imyigaragambyo y’abakozi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byo gutanga amasoko. Niyo mpamvu, ubucuruzi bugomba gukurikiranira hafi uko ibintu bimeze no gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa bafite ubunararibonye mu kugabanya ingaruka. Mu gusoza, Venezuwela itanga ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere bigizwe nibyambu, ibibuga byindege, imihanda, hamwe nububiko. Kuba hari abatwara ibicuruzwa byizewe bifatanije n’abanyamuryango mu mashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi yo mu karere bitanga amahirwe ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Icyakora, ni ngombwa gukomeza kuvugururwa ku mikorere y'igihugu kubera ibibazo bikomeje kugaragara mu rwego rwa politiki n'ubukungu
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Venezuwela ni igihugu giherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Epfo. Nubwo ibibazo by’ubukungu byifashe muri iki gihe, Venezuwela irashobora gutanga amahirwe akomeye yo gutanga amasoko ku bucuruzi bushaka kwagura isi yose. Iyi ngingo izagaragaza imiyoboro minini y’amasoko mpuzamahanga n’imurikagurisha muri Venezuwela. 1. Amasoko ya Guverinoma: Guverinoma ya Venezuela igira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw'igihugu kandi ni umwe mu bagura ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Guverinoma ikora buri gihe amasoko n’amasoko mu nzego zinyuranye, harimo iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, ubuvuzi, ingufu, n’ubwikorezi. Abashoramari bashishikajwe no gutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kuri guverinoma ya Venezuwela barashobora gushakisha amahirwe binyuze ku mbuga zabo zitanga amasoko cyangwa mu gufatanya n’abafatanyabikorwa baho bamenyereye icyo gikorwa. 2. Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli: Venezuwela ifite kimwe mu bubiko bunini bwa peteroli ku isi, bigatuma iba isoko ishimishije ku masosiyete agira uruhare mu gucukumbura peteroli, gukora, gutunganya, n’inganda zijyanye nayo. Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bushobora gushaka ubufatanye n’isosiyete ikora peteroli ya leta PDVSA cyangwa abandi bakinnyi bikorera bakorera muri uru rwego. 3. Urwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: Venezuwela ifite ubutunzi bukomeye nka zahabu, ubutare bw'icyuma, bauxite, amakara, diyama, n'ubutare budasanzwe bw'isi. Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga acukura amabuye y'agaciro arashobora gushakisha ubufatanye cyangwa amahirwe yo gushora imari muri uru rwego binyuze ku bufatanye n’amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa imiryango ya leta nka Mineria de Venezuela (Minerven). 4. Ubuhinzi: Ubuhinzi n’urwego rukomeye mu bukungu bwa Venezuela kubera uturere tw’ikirere dutandukanye dufasha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by’ubuhinzi nkibishyimbo bya kawa (umwihariko wo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze), ibishyimbo bya kakao (kubyara shokora), imbuto (ibitoki & citrusi), imboga (inyanya) & pepper), ibisheke (umusaruro wa Ethanol), nibindi. Ubuhinzi mpuzamahanga bushobora gushyiraho ubufatanye n’amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi baho cyangwa kwitabira imurikagurisha / imurikagurisha ry’ubuhinzi ryabereye mu gihugu hose. 5.Inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa: Ibicuruzwa bisaba ko byongera gutunganywa byerekana indi nzira y’amasoko mpuzamahanga yo gutanga amasoko muri Venezuwela - ingero zirimo imashini zitunganya ibiribwa nibikoresho nkinganda zikora ingano / crushers / inganda za makaroni, imashini zipakira, ninganda zikora imiti. Abashoramari barashobora gushakisha ubufatanye n’amasosiyete asanzwe atunganya ibiribwa cyangwa kwishora mu butumwa bw’ubucuruzi n’imurikagurisha kugira ngo berekane ibicuruzwa byabo. 6.Imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha: Venezuwela yakiriye imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga n’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga bikurura abitabiriye isi. Ingero zirimo EXPOMECHANICAL (imashini & tekinoloji), ExpoCumbre Inganda (iterambere ryinganda), ExpoConstrucción (ibikoresho byubwubatsi & ibikorwa remezo), ExpoVenezuela Potencia (kuzamura umusaruro wigihugu), nibindi. Kwitabira ibi birori bitanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo, guhuza nabaguzi / abagurisha, kandi bakunguka ubumenyi bwisoko. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera ibibazo by’ubukungu bikomeje guhura na Venezuela, gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko, kumva amabwiriza y’ibanze / kubahiriza amategeko, kubaka ubufatanye bukomeye bw’ibanze ni intambwe ikomeye mbere yo kwinjira mu masoko y’igihugu. Abashoramari bagomba kandi gukomeza kuba maso kubijyanye n’ivugurura rya politiki cyangwa ubukungu kuko rishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa by’amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Venezuwela.
Muri Venezuwela, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. Google (www.google.co.ve): Google ni imwe muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ku isi kandi izwi cyane muri Venezuwela. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi kandi itanga serivisi zitandukanye nko gushakisha paji zurubuga, amashusho, videwo, ingingo zamakuru, amakarita, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ni indi moteri ishakisha izwi cyane muri Venezuwela. Itanga interineti ishimishije kandi itanga ibintu bisa na Google hamwe nishakisha ryurubuga, gushakisha amashusho, videwo, ingingo zamakuru, amakarita, nibindi. 3. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo ni moteri ishakisha ibanga ryibanga izwiho kudakurikirana amakuru bwite y’abakoresha cyangwa kubika ibyo bashakishije. Yamamaye mubakoresha bashaka ubuzima bwite kumurongo. 4. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): Yahoo iracyafite isoko yizewe kubanya Venezuela benshi mugihe cyo gukora ubushakashatsi kuri enterineti. Itanga gushakisha muri rusange hamwe nizindi serivisi nkamakuru yamakuru na imeri. 5 6.Imashini zishakisha mu karere: Hashobora kuba hari moteri zishakisha zishingiye mukarere cyangwa zaho muri Venezuela zita cyane cyane kubikenewe byaho; icyakora, ibi ntibikoreshwa cyane nkurubuga rwavuzwe haruguru. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko abanya Venezuela benshi bashobora kandi gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga nka Facebook cyangwa Twitter kugira ngo bakore ubushakashatsi bwihariye mu rusobe rw’inshuti cyangwa abayoboke aho kwishingikiriza gusa kuri moteri zishakisha zishingiye ku rubuga. Nyamuneka menya ko gutondekanya imbuga zose ziboneka kuri buri mbuga zavuzwe zirenze ijambo ryatanzwe ntarengwa

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Venezuwela ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo kandi impapuro zacyo z'umuhondo zigamije gufasha abaturage n'abacuruzi kubona amakuru y'itumanaho rya serivisi zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumapaji akomeye yumuhondo muri Venezuwela hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Páginas Amarillas: Páginas Amarillas nimwe mububiko bukoreshwa cyane mumapaji yumuhondo muri Venezuwela, bukubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi byubucuruzi na serivisi. Urubuga rwabo ni www.pav.com.ve. 2. Tu Empresa en Línea: Ubu bubiko bwa interineti butanga urutonde rwuzuye kubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi zitangwa. Urashobora kwinjira kurubuga rwabo kuri www.tuempresaenlinea.com. 3. Clasificados El Universal: Nubwo atari serivisi yimpapuro z'umuhondo gusa, Clasificados El Universal itanga icyegeranyo kinini cyamamaza kiva mubucuruzi butandukanye hirya no hino muri Venezuwela, bigatuma kiba ibikoresho byingirakamaro kugirango tubone aho uhurira. Sura urubuga rwabo kuri clasificados.eluniversal.com. 4. Páginas Blancas Movistar: Movistar, umwe mu batanga itumanaho rinini muri Venezuwela, yakiriye igitabo cya terefone cyo kuri interineti cyitwa Páginas Blancas (Urupapuro rwera). Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha nimero za terefone zo guturamo cyangwa iz'ubucuruzi ku rubuga rwabo - www.movistar.com/ve/paginas-blancas/. 5. Guía Telefónica Cantv: Cantv ni indi sosiyete ikomeye y'itumanaho muri Venezuwela itanga ububiko bwayo bwa terefone yo kuri interineti izwi ku izina rya Guía Telefónica (Ubuyobozi bwa Terefone). Urashobora kubona amakuru yo gutura hamwe nubucuruzi usura www.cantv.net/guia-telefonica/. 6. Paginaswebenvenezuela.net: paginaswebenvenezuela. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko mugihe ubu bubiko buri mumahitamo azwi cyane, hashobora kubaho izindi page zumuhondo zo mukarere cyangwa inganda ziboneka muri Venezuwela. Byongeye kandi, kuboneka no kumenya ukuri kwamakuru yatanzwe nububiko birashobora gutandukana, burigihe rero birasabwa kugenzura amakuru arambuye ukoresheje andi masoko yizewe mbere yo kubigeraho.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Venezuwela ifite urubuga rukomeye rwa e-ubucuruzi rukoreshwa cyane mu gihugu. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. MercadoLibre (www.mercadolibre.com): MercadoLibre ni imwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi ziza muri Amerika y'Epfo, harimo na Venezuwela. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi, byemerera abantu nubucuruzi kugura no kugurisha kumurongo. 2. Linio (www.linio.com. 3. Tiendanube (www.tiendanube.com/venezuela): Tiendanube itanga igisubizo kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo n’ubucuruzi buciriritse bwo gukora amaduka yabo kuri interineti byoroshye. Itanga ibiranga nkuburyo bwo guhitamo, uburyo bwo kwishyura butekanye, nibikoresho byo kwamamaza. 4. Doto (www.doto.com): Doto ni isoko ryo kumurongo ryibanda ku guhuza abaguzi n’abagurisha baho muri Venezuwela. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibyiciro bitandukanye kugirango babone ibicuruzwa bakeneye. 5. Olx (www.olx.com/ve): Mugihe Olx izwi cyane nkurubuga rwashyizwe ku rutonde, ikubiyemo kandi e-ubucuruzi aho abantu bashobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa kumurongo. 6.Isoko rya Digitale ya Karacas (https://caracasdigitalmarket.net/) Isoko rya Digital Caracas rifite ubuhanga bwo kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, televiziyo n'ibindi..Bitanga serivisi zizewe kubakiriya muri Caracas ariko bakora ibicuruzwa hirya no hino muri Venezuwela. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye za e-ubucuruzi ziboneka muri Venezuwela aho ushobora gusanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye byoroshye binyuze kurubuga rwabo.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Venezuwela. Bemerera abantu guhuza, gusangira amakuru, no gukorana hagati yabo. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga nyamukuru muri Venezuwela hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni imwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane ku isi, harimo na Venezuwela. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, gusangira inyandiko, amafoto, videwo, no guhuza inshuti nimiryango. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni ifoto nogusangira amashusho bifasha abakoresha gusangira ibihe mubuzima bwabo binyuze mumashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi. Yamamaye cyane muri Venezuwela. 3. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter ni urubuga rwa mikorobe yemerera abakoresha kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa "tweet" kubayoboke babo. Abanya Venezuwela bakoresha Twitter kugirango bakomeze kugezwaho amakuru, imigendekere, no kuvugana nabandi ukoresheje hashtags. 4. Snapchat (www. 5. LinkedIn (www. 6. WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): Mugihe WhatsApp ari porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa yemerera abantu kohereza ubutumwa bugufi no guhamagara amajwi / amashusho; ikora kandi nkurubuga ruzwi cyane kubanya Venezuela kubera koroshya imikoreshereze ugereranije na serivise gakondo. 7.TikTok (https: Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa muri Venezuwela; icyakora imikoreshereze irashobora gutandukana mubantu ukurikije ibyo ukunda ninyungu zawe.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Venezuwela, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Bolivariya ya Venezuela, ni igihugu giherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Epfo. Nubwo mu myaka yashize ihura n’ibibazo byinshi by’ubukungu na politiki, Venezuwela iracyafite amashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda afite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira no guteza imbere inzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Venezuwela hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Fedecámaras (Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi n’umusaruro wa Venezuela) Urubuga: https://www.fedecamaras.org.ve/ 2. Conindustria (Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe yinganda) Urubuga: https://www.conindustria.org/ 3. FAVEMPA (Federasiyo ya Micro yo muri Venezuwela, Ihuriro rito n'iciriritse) Urubuga: http://favempa.net/ 4. Fedeagro (Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’abatunganya ubuhinzi) Urubuga: http://www.fedeagro.org/ 5. Consecomercio (Inama yigihugu ishinzwe ubucuruzi na serivisi) Urubuga: https://consecomercio.org/en/urugo 6. Cavecol (Ishyirahamwe ryabatwara ibinyabiziga) Urubuga: Nta rubuga rwemewe ruboneka 7. Asociación Bancaria de Venezuela (Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki muri Venezuwela) Urubuga: Nta rubuga rwemewe ruboneka 8. Cámara Petrolera de Venezuela (Urugereko rwa peteroli rwa Venezuwela) Urubuga: Nta rubuga rwemewe ruboneka 9. ANDIVEN (Ishyirahamwe ryigihugu kubakora ibicuruzwa na Valve) Urubuga; http://andiven.com Nyamuneka menya ko amashyirahamwe amwe ashobora kuba adafite imbuga za interineti zabigenewe cyangwa kuba kuri interineti bishobora kuba bike kubera ibintu bitandukanye bijyanye nubukungu n’ubukungu byifashe muri Venezuwela.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Venezuwela izwiho umutungo kamere, cyane cyane peteroli na gaze karemano, bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwayo. Igihugu gifite imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru kubyerekeye ubucuruzi nubushoramari. Dore zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye zubukungu muri Venezuwela hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Minisiteri y’Ubukungu, Imari n’ingengo y’imari - Urubuga rwemewe rwa minisiteri y’ubukungu, imari n’ingengo y’imari ya guverinoma ya Venezuela: www.minfinanzas.gob.ve 2. Banco Central de Venezuela (Banki Nkuru ya Venezuela) - Itanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ifaranga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, ibipimo by’ubukungu, imibare, n’amabwiriza y’imari: www.bcv.org.ve 3. Ministerio del Poder Icyamamare para el Comercio Exterior e Inversión Internacional (Minisiteri yubucuruzi n’ububanyi n’amahanga) - Itanga ibisobanuro birambuye bijyanye na politiki y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, kuzamura ibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga: www.comercioexterior.gob.ve 4. Consejo Nacional de Promoción de Inversiones (Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari) - Yibanze ku gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga (FDI) itanga serivisi zunganira: www.conapri.org 5. Corporación Venezolana de Comercio Exterior S.A. 6. Consejo Nacional del Comercio y los Servicios (Inama yigihugu ishinzwe ubucuruzi na serivisi) - Itanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi ajyanye nubucuruzi hamwe nibisobanuro bijyanye namategeko / amabwiriza yerekeye ubucuruzi: www.cncs.go.cr. 7.Cámara Venezolano-Turca (Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Venezuwela-Turukiya) - Yorohereza itumanaho ry’ibihugu byombi hagati y’ubucuruzi muri Venezuwela na Turukiya kugira ngo biteze imbere ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi / ishoramari: http://www.camaturca.org. Uru rubuga rugomba kuguha amakuru yuzuye kubintu bitandukanye bijyanye nubukungu nubucuruzi muri Venezuwela. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka kururu rubuga bishobora gutandukana, urebye uko ubukungu bwifashe muri iki gihe.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga za interineti ziperereza zijyanye na Venezuela. Nyamuneka shakisha URL zikurikira: 1. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC): Uru rubuga rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi n’isesengura ryuzuye kuri Venezuwela, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, hamwe n’isoko. Urashobora kubona amakuru kuri https://www.trademap.org/Bibiri_TS.aspx?nvpm=1|862||201|||| VENEZUELA. 2. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS itanga urubuga rwo kubaza ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa n’amakuru y’ibiciro ku bihugu byinshi, harimo na Venezuwela. Mugusura http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/VEN/, urashobora gushakisha amakuru atandukanye ajyanye nubucuruzi nkabafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa, nibiciro. 3. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye ni ububiko bwagutse bw’amakuru mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi atangwa n’ibihugu bitandukanye ku isi. Urashobora kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ubucuruzi bwa Venezuela ukoresheje https://comtrade.un.org/data/ munsi y "Igice". 4. Observatoire yubukungu bugoye (OEC): OEC itanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubyoherezwa muri Venezuela no gutumiza mu mahanga hamwe n’ingamba zinyuranye z’ibicuruzwa binyuze mu mbuga zorohereza abakoresha kuri https://oec.world/en/profile/country/ven/. 5. Global Edge: Global Edge itanga ishusho rusange yerekana ibipimo byubukungu bwa Venezuela, harimo imikorere yoherezwa mu mahanga n’inganda ndetse n’ibisobanuro by’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi. Urubuga ruraboneka kuri https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/venezuela/tradestats. Izi mbuga zitanga isoko yizewe yo gucukumbura amakuru yubucuruzi ya Venezuela byimbitse ukurikije ibyo usabwa cyangwa inyungu zawe mubikorwa byubukungu bwigihugu.

B2b

Hano hari V2B nyinshi ziboneka muri Venezuwela, aho ubucuruzi bushobora guhuza no kwishora mubikorwa bitandukanye byubucuruzi. Hano hari amwe mumahuriro akomeye ya B2B muri Venezuwela hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Alibaba.com (www.alibaba.com): Alibaba ni urubuga ruzwi cyane ku isi rworohereza ubucuruzi bwa B2B hagati y'abaguzi n'abagurisha baturutse ku isi. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, birimo imashini, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyenda, nibindi byinshi. 2. MercadoLibre (www.mercadolibre.com): MercadoLibre ni imwe mu mbuga nini za e-ubucuruzi muri Amerika y'Epfo kandi ikora nk'isoko rya B2B muri Venezuwela. Iremera ubucuruzi gutondekanya ibicuruzwa na serivisi bigurishwa mubindi bigo. 3. Inganda (www.industrynet.com): Inganda ni isoko ryinganda kumurongo uhuza abaguzi nabatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Abashoramari barashobora kubona ababikora, abakwirakwiza, abatanga serivise, nibindi bikoresho byihariye byinganda kururu rubuga. 4. TradeKey (www.tradekey.com): TradeKey nisoko rya B2B kwisi yose ifasha ubucuruzi guhuza nabaguzi mpuzamahanga nabatanga ibicuruzwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. Itanga amahirwe ku masosiyete yo muri Venezuwela yo kwagura ibikorwa byayo kurenga imipaka y’imbere. 5. BizVibe (www. 6.Plaza Virtual Empresarial de Carabobo (https: //aplicaciones.carabobo.gob..ve/PlazaVirtualEmpresarial/pages/catalogo.jsf): Ubuyobozi bwa Plaza Virtual Empresarial de Carabobo nubuyobozi bwubucuruzi kumurongo kuri leta ya Carabobo. Venezuwela ibemerera kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi kubashobora kuba abakiriya haba mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera ihinduka ryihuse ryimiterere yubucuruzi bwa digitale kuboneka bishobora gutandukana mugihe. Kubwibyo, birasabwa gukora ubundi bushakashatsi cyangwa kugisha inama amashyirahamwe yubucuruzi yaho kugirango amakuru agezweho ku mbuga za B2B muri Venezuwela.
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