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Incamake y'igihugu
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Ifite abaturage bagera ku 600.000. Ubutaka ni ubutayu cyane, burangwa nuburebure bunini bwibibaya byumye kandi byamabuye. Ako gace kari gatuwe n’imiryango yimuka nka Sahrawis. Icyakora, kubera aho iherereye ku nkombe za Atalantika n'umutungo kamere nk'ububiko bwa fosifate, Sahara y'Uburengerazuba imaze imyaka myinshi ikemura ibibazo by'ubutaka. Aka karere gakolonijwe na Espagne mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu 1975 igihe yavaga ku butegetsi. Uku kwikuramo kwatumye habaho icyuho cy’ubutegetsi n’amakimbirane yakurikiyeho hagati ya Maroc n’umutwe wa Polisario wasabye ubwigenge bwa Sahara y’iburengerazuba. Kuva icyo gihe, Maroc isaba ubusugire hafi ya Sahara y’iburengerazuba mu gihe Front Polisario yashinze Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Arabiya Sahrawi (SADR) ku nkunga ya Alijeriya. Umuryango w’abibumbye ufata kariya gace nkakarere kitigenga kategereje decolonisation. Hashyizweho ingamba zo gushakira igisubizo binyuze mu mishyikirano iyobowe na Loni muri gahunda z’amahoro zitandukanye. Icyakora, nta masezerano ya nyuma yigeze agerwaho kugeza ubu. Ku bijyanye n'ubukungu, Sahara y'Uburengerazuba yishingikiriza cyane ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na fosifate. Ifite kandi ibikorwa bike byubuhinzi bigarukira gusa kuri oase cyangwa ahantu haboneka umutungo wamazi. Hagaragaye impungenge z’uburenganzira bwa muntu ku bijyanye n’akarere kagenzurwa na Maroc ndetse n’inkambi z’impunzi muri Tindouf aho abaturage ba Sahrawi batuye. Izi mpungenge zirimo kubuza umudendezo wo kuvuga no kugenda hamwe na raporo z’ihohoterwa mu myigaragambyo yo kwamagana ubutegetsi bwa Maroc cyangwa gusaba kwishyira ukizana. Mu gusoza, Sahara y’iburengerazuba ikomeje kuba intara itavugwaho rumwe n’ubushyamirane bwa politiki bukomeje kuba hagati ya Maroc n’imitwe iharanira ubwigenge nka Polisario Front ishaka kwishyira ukizana ku baturage bayo.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, gaherereye ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'umugabane wa Afurika. Umuryango w’abibumbye wemewe ku mugaragaro nk’akarere kitigenga, Sahara y’iburengerazuba ifite ibibazo bya politiki n’ubukungu bigoye cyane ku ifaranga ryayo. Kuva mu 1975, Sahara y’iburengerazuba yasabwe na Maroc ndetse na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Arabiya Sahrawi (SADR) ishaka ubwigenge. Aya makimbirane ashingiye ku turere yatumye habaho kugenzura ibice bitandukanye byo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Maroc igenzura igice kinini cy'akarere, harimo imijyi minini nka El Aaiún, mu gihe SADR iyobora uturere tumwe na tumwe n'inkambi z'impunzi za Sahrawi muri Alijeriya. Kubera aya makimbirane akomeje no kutamenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga kuri SADR nk'igihugu cyigenga, nta faranga ryihariye rijyanye na Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Ahubwo, ikoresha cyane cyane amafaranga ava mubihugu bituranye. Dirham ya Maroc (MAD) ikomeje gukoreshwa cyane kandi yemerwa mu turere tugenzurwa na Maroc mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Ibi biterwa na Maroc kuba ikomeye mubijyanye nubutegetsi nubukungu muri utu turere. Byongeye kandi, ubucuruzi bwinshi bwaho bukunda gukora ibikorwa ukoresheje MAD kubwimpamvu zihamye. Mu nkambi z’impunzi za Sahrawi ziyobowe na SADR, dinar yo muri Alijeriya (DZD) ikoreshwa cyane hamwe n’andi mafaranga nka ouguiya ya Mauritanian (MRU). Aya mafranga akunze kuboneka binyuze mubucuruzi cyangwa infashanyo zituruka mubihugu duturanye kuva inkambi zishingiye kubufasha bwo hanze kugirango zibatunge. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kugera kuri serivisi mpuzamahanga z’amabanki bishobora kuba bike cyangwa bitabaho mu bice bimwe na bimwe byo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara bitewe n’imiterere yabyo ndetse n’ahantu hitaruye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubundi buryo nko kohereza amafaranga mu buryo butemewe cyangwa guhinduranya bishobora kuba byiganje mu baturage baho. Muri rusange, ukurikije ibibazo bya politiki bigoye no kutamenya ubusugire bwuzuye ku rwego mpuzamahanga; Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ibuze gahunda y’ifaranga ihuriweho nubutaka bwayo bwose. Imikoreshereze ya dirham ya Maroc yiganje mu turere tugenzurwa na Maroc mu gihe andi mafaranga atandukanye yo mu karere akoreshwa bitewe n’ibihe byihariye mu turere dutandukanye.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Sahara y'Uburengerazuba ni Dirham yo muri Maroc (MAD). Nyamuneka, menya ko imiterere yubutayu bwa Sahara ikomeje kutavugwaho rumwe, Maroc ikaba igenzura ako karere. Kubijyanye n’igipimo cy’ivunjisha ugereranije n’ifaranga rikomeye guhera mu Kwakira 2021: 1 USD (Amadolari ya Amerika) ahwanye na 9.91 YAKOZWE. 1 EUR (Euro) ihwanye na 11.60 YAKOZWE. 1 GBP (Pound Sterling yo mu Bwongereza) ihwanye na 13.61 Yakozwe. Nyamuneka uzirikane ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora guhinduka kandi burigihe nibyiza kugenzura ibiciro byavuguruwe mbere yo gukora ibikorwa byose.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe gaherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Bitewe n’amakimbirane akomeje kuba muri politiki n’akarere, ntabwo afite iminsi mikuru yemewe yigihugu cyangwa iminsi mikuru yizihizwa kwisi yose nabayituye. Nyamara, abaturage bo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara bibuka amatariki akomeye ajyanye n'amateka yabo no guharanira kwishyira ukizana: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge: Tariki ya 20 Gicurasi hizihizwa ubwigenge bwa Espagne mu 1973 na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Arabiya Sahrawi (SADR). Uyu munsi wizihizwa nkikimenyetso cyibyo bifuza igihugu cyigenga. 2. Icyubahiro cyiza Werurwe: Ku ya 6 Ugushyingo, Sahrawis yibutse itangira ry’imyigaragambyo y’amahoro yateguwe n’impunzi ibihumbi n’impunzi zahunze Sahara y’iburengerazuba nyuma y’uko Espagne ziva mu 1975. Urwo rugendo rwari rugamije gusubira mu gihugu cyabo ariko rukaba rwarahuye n’imirwano ikaze. 3. Umunsi w’impunzi: Ku ya 20 Kamena hamenye ikibazo cy’impunzi za Sahrawi ziba mu nkambi hafi ya Tindouf, Alijeriya kuva amakimbirane yatangira. Uyu munsi ukangurira abantu kumenya imibereho yabo igoye kandi urasaba ko hajyaho amahanga n’inkunga. 4. Isabukuru yo guhagarika imirwano: Tariki ya 27 Gashyantare hashyizweho umukono ku masezerano yo guhagarika imirwano hagati ya Maroc na Polisario Front (umutwe w’ubwigenge bukuru bwa Sahrawi) uyobowe n’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 1991. Nubwo yazanye amahoro y’agateganyo, kugeza ubu ntikiraboneka. Aya matariki y'ingenzi yibutsa abanya Sahrawis bo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara ubwayo ndetse n'ababa impunzi mu mahanga, bikagaragaza urugamba bakomeje rwo kwishyira ukizana no kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe gaherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Kubera amakimbirane akomeje kuba hagati ya Maroc n’abaturage ba Sahrawi, ubucuruzi bw’Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara burihariye. Umufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi w’ibanze mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara ni Maroc, igenzura mu turere twinshi. Maroc itumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu bindi bihugu ikabigeza mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Ku rundi ruhande, Sahara y'Uburengerazuba yohereza cyane cyane amabuye y'agaciro ya fosifate ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Fosifate nisoko nyamukuru iboneka muri Sahara yuburengerazuba, bigatuma igicuruzwa cyingenzi mubucuruzi. Aya mabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa cyane nk'ifumbire mu buhinzi, agira uruhare runini mu kongera umusaruro ku biribwa ku isi. Ibihugu nka Berezile na Nouvelle-Zélande bitumiza fosifate mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Icyakora, kubera imiterere itavuguruzwa y’ubusugire bwayo, habaye impaka zishingiye ku mategeko n’imyitwarire y’ubucuruzi na Sahara y’iburengerazuba. Ibihugu byinshi bibona ko bitemewe n’amategeko mpuzamahanga kwishora mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ibigo bikorera muri ako karere batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya na Sahrawi. Mu mwaka wa 2016, icyemezo cy’urukiko rw’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyavuze ko amasezerano y’ubuhinzi hagati y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Maroc adashobora gushyiramo ibicuruzwa biva mu turere twigaruriwe nka Sahara y’iburengerazuba nta ruhushya rwihariye rutangwa na Sahrawis bafite ubwo butunzi. Kubera izo mpungenge z’amategeko hamwe n’ibitekerezo by’imyitwarire byagaragajwe n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ku bijyanye no gukoresha umutungo mu turere twigaruriwe nta nyungu z’abaturage baho, amasosiyete amwe n'amwe yahagaritse umubano w’ubucuruzi cyangwa agabanya ibicuruzwa biva muri Sahara y’iburengerazuba. Muri rusange, mu gihe fosifeti ikora nk'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu bukungu bw'ubucuruzi bw'igihugu kitavugwaho rumwe, ihura n'ibibazo kubera amakimbirane ya politiki ajyanye n'ubusugire bw'igihugu ndetse n'impaka zishingiye ku mategeko zituma itagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga. (Amagambo: 261)
Iterambere ryisoko
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Kubera ihungabana rya politiki n’amakimbirane akomoka mu turere adakemutse, amahirwe yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri kano karere ubu ni make. Nubwo Sahara y’iburengerazuba ifite umutungo kamere, harimo uburobyi na fosifate, kutamenyekana mpuzamahanga bibangamira ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka hagati ya Maroc na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Arabiya Sahrawi (SADR) atera gushidikanya ku bikorwa byose by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Byongeye kandi, akarere ka Sahara y’iburengerazuba gatera ibibazo mu kwagura ubucuruzi. Nigice kinini cyubutayu gifite ibikorwa remezo bike nibikoresho byo gutwara abantu. Izi mbogamizi zituma bigora gushiraho imiyoboro ikora neza ikenewe mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kuba nta mategeko asobanutse agenga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi nabyo bica intege ishoramari ry’amahanga mu bukungu bwa Sahara y’iburengerazuba. Abashoramari ntibazuyaje kubera impungenge z’uburenganzira ku mutungo n’ibibazo by’ubusugire bidakemutse. Byongeye kandi, ingano y’isoko rya Sahara y’iburengerazuba iracyari nto ugereranije n’ibihugu bituranye n’akarere. Abatuye muri kariya gace kitavugwaho rumwe ni bake, bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imbere mu gihugu n'amahirwe yo kwisoko ku bucuruzi bwo hanze. Mu gusoza, mu gihe Sahara y’iburengerazuba ifite umutungo kamere ushobora gukoreshwa mu kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, amakimbirane ya politiki akomeje ndetse no kutamenyekana bikabangamira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza umutungo. Byongeye kandi, imbogamizi zijyanye n’intege nke z’ibikorwa remezo no kutamenya neza amategeko bikomeza kugabanya amahirwe yo kwagura ubucuruzi.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Iyo utekereje guhitamo ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ibiranga umwihariko n'ibisabwa muri kariya karere. Hano hari inama zijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye: 1. Ubuhinzi n’ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa: Sahara y’iburengerazuba ifite ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi bwiganjemo ibikenerwa cyane ku biribwa. Hitamo ibintu bishobora gukomoka mu karere cyangwa gutumizwa mu mahanga byoroshye, nk'ibinyampeke, ibinyamisogwe, imbuto, imboga, ibikomoka ku mata, inyama, n'amafi. 2. Ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa: Nka karere gakakaye, Sahara yuburengerazuba ishakisha ibisubizo birambye kugirango bikemure ingufu zayo. Tekereza gutanga imirasire y'izuba, imirasire y'umuyaga, cyangwa izindi mbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo bikenerwa ningufu zisukuye. 3. Ibikoresho byubwubatsi: Inganda zubwubatsi muri Sahara yuburengerazuba ziraguka vuba kubera imijyi niterambere ryibikorwa remezo. Tanga ibikoresho byiza cyane nka sima, ibyuma, ibyuma, amatafari cyangwa inyubako zabugenewe zihuza namabwiriza yaho hamwe nubuziranenge bwubwubatsi. 4. Imyenda n'imyambaro: Hariho isoko ryinshi ry’imyenda n’imyenda mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara kubera ubwiyongere bw’abaturage n’ubwiyongere bw’imisoro mu baturage bayo. Wibande ku gutanga imyenda ihendutse ariko igezweho mugihe utekereza ibyifuzo byumuco. 5. Ubukorikori: Ubukorikori gakondo bufite akamaro gakomeye mu muco wa Afurika y'Amajyaruguru; rero guteza imbere ubukorikori bukozwe mubutaka nka ceramika, ibicuruzwa byuruhu (imifuka / umukandara), ibitambaro bikozwe / matasi cyangwa imitako gakondo bishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kugurisha. 6.Ibikoresho bya Tekinoloji: Hamwe no kwiyongera kwa digitale mubaturage bakiri bato muri kano karere haza kwiyongera kubikoresho byikoranabuhanga nka terefone zigendanwa / tableti / mudasobwa zigendanwa / ibikoresho bya digitale nibindi, nibyiza kubiciro byigiciro bikwiranye nubushobozi bwabo bwo kugura. 7.Ubwiza & Ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu: Amavuta yo kwisiga & ibikoresho byo kwita ku muntu bigenda biba ngombwa kuko ubukangurambaga bwiyongera mu gihugu; tanga ibicuruzwa byita kuruhu / umusatsi wingenzi / umurongo wo kwisiga ugaburira cyane cyane imiterere yuruhu rutandukanye / imiterere / ibyo ukunda. Mu gusoza, gushyira imbere ibiribwa / ubuhinzi, ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, imyenda yatunganijwe neza & imyenda, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ubukorikori, ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga, hamwe nubwiza / ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu birashobora gufasha muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko yubucuruzi yubucuruzi bwa Sahara yuburengerazuba. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ibyifuzo nubushobozi bwokugura byabaguzi baho mugihe hubahirizwa kubahiriza amabwiriza numuco wo gukangurira umuco.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa imigenzo na kirazira z'umuco mugihe ukorana nabakiriya cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bo muri kano karere. Icya mbere, umuntu agomba kumenya ko Islamu ariryo dini ryiganje muri Sahara yuburengerazuba, kandi ibyo bigira uruhare runini muguhindura umuco nimyitwarire yabaturage. Abakiriya bo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara barashobora gukurikiza imigenzo imwe n'imwe ya kisilamu, nko kubahiriza amasengesho ya buri munsi no kwiyiriza ubusa muri Ramadhan. Ni ngombwa kubahiriza imyizerere yabo ishingiye ku idini udateganya amateraniro cyangwa ibirori mugihe cyamasengesho cyangwa gutanga ibiryo n'ibinyobwa mugihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa. Kubijyanye nuburyo bwitumanaho, abantu bo muburengerazuba bwa Sahara baha agaciro ikinyabupfura no kubahana. Indamutso nigice cyingenzi cyimibanire myiza, biramenyerewe rero gusuhuza abakiriya cyane mukuboko. Guhuza amaso bigomba kubungabungwa mugihe uvuga, kuko bisobanura kwitonda no kwizerwa. Byongeye kandi, kubahiriza igihe bihabwa agaciro cyane - gutinda mu nama cyangwa kubonana bishobora gufatwa nkicyubahiro. Iyo uhuye nabakiriya baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, ni ngombwa kwitondera ingingo zimwe zishobora kubabaza. Ikibazo cy’imiterere ya politiki ya Sahara y’iburengerazuba kigomba gukemurwa mu bwitonzi kuko ibitekerezo bishobora gutandukana ku bantu bitewe n’imiterere yabyo. Ibyibandwaho bigomba kuguma cyane cyane mubucuruzi aho kwishora mubiganiro bya politiki byoroshye. Byongeye kandi, kunywa inzoga ntibishobora kwemerwa cyane muri societe gakondo ya Sahrawi kubera imyizerere ishingiye ku idini; icyakora, ibi birashobora gutandukana bitewe nibyifuzo byawe n'indangagaciro zifitwe nabantu kugiti cyabo. Byaba byiza tutiriwe dufata inzira zombi tutabanje kubimenya cyangwa gusobanukirwa imyumvire yumuntu ku kunywa inzoga.Niyo mpamvu, ni byiza kwirinda gutanga ibinyobwa bisindisha keretse ubisabwe nabakiriya bawe. Mu gusoza, uburyo bwiyubashye ku migenzo ya kisilamu, gushingira ku itumanaho rifite ikinyabupfura, no kwitonda ku ngingo zoroshye bizamura umubano w’ubucuruzi mu gihe ukorana n’abakiriya baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo nubuyobozi bwa Sahara yuburengerazuba bifite akamaro kanini kugirango ibicuruzwa bigende neza kandi bitekane neza imipaka. Igihugu gikurikiza protocole igenga ibicuruzwa byinjira n’ibisohoka mu gihe cyo kubungabunga umutekano. Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo yuburengerazuba bwa Sahara ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byingenzi. Icyambere, abagenzi bose binjira cyangwa bava mugihugu bagomba kwerekana ibyangombwa bibaranga, nka pasiporo cyangwa viza. Ni ngombwa gutwara izo nyandiko igihe cyose mugihe cyawe muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Icya kabiri, hari ibibujijwe kubintu bibujijwe bitagomba kwinjizwa cyangwa gusohoka mu gihugu. Ibi bikoresho mubisanzwe birimo intwaro, ibiyobyabwenge, ibisasu, nibindi bikoresho bya magendu. Ni ngombwa ko abashyitsi bamenyera aya mabwiriza mbere yo kwirinda ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko. Byongeye kandi, gasutamo y’iburengerazuba bwa Sahara nayo ishyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga agenga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu mbibi zayo. Abayobozi barashobora gusaba abantu cyangwa ubucuruzi bugira uruhare mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kuzuza impapuro zabugenewe zijyanye n'inkomoko y'ibicuruzwa n'agaciro. Mugihe cya gasutamo kumupaka cyangwa kubibuga byindege, abagenzi barashobora kugenzurwa nabayobozi bemeza ko aya mabwiriza yubahirizwa. Iri genzura ntirigamije gusa gukumira magendu ahubwo no kubungabunga umutekano w’igihugu mu kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Byongeye kandi, ni byiza ko abashyitsi binjira mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara baturutse mu bihugu duturanye banyuze mu nzira z’ubutaka kugira ngo babaze ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa mu karere byihariye byashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu byombi bigira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kugenzura imipaka. Mu gusoza, kubahiriza gahunda yo gucunga gasutamo y’iburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni ngombwa iyo uzana ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyangwa ugenda wambuka imipaka. Kumenyera amabwiriza yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa bibujijwe birashobora gufasha kwirinda ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko mugihe umutekano winjira muri iki gihugu.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Nkuko kuri ubu bigenzurwa na Maroc, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara iterwa ahanini n’amabwiriza ya Maroc. Imisoro yatumijwe mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara ahanini iterwa n'ubwoko n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Mubisanzwe, imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga ikoreshwa mubyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa, harimo ariko ntibigarukira gusa kuri elegitoroniki, ibinyabiziga, imyenda, nibiribwa. Igipimo cy’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga biva kuri zeru ku ijana kugeza hejuru ku ijana hashingiwe ku kode ya Harmonized Sisitemu (HS). Bimwe mubintu byingenzi nkibiribwa byibanze birashobora gusonerwa cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro byamahoro kugirango biteze imbere kandi byoroshye. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera ko politiki ya Sahara y’iburengerazuba ikomeje kutamenyekana kandi ko hakomeje kubaho amakimbirane hagati ya Maroc n’umutwe w’ubwigenge bwa Polisario Front, hashobora kubaho izindi ngorane zishingiye kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi muri kano karere. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibitumizwa mu mahanga bigenewe Sahara y'Uburengerazuba birashobora kandi kugenzurwa cyane kubera amakimbirane mpuzamahanga ku busugire. Mu gihe ibintu bikikije Sahara y’iburengerazuba bigenda byiyongera, birasabwa ko abashoramari bagisha inama inzego zibishinzwe cyangwa impuguke mu bucuruzi kugira ngo bamenye amakuru agezweho kuri politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga yihariye aka karere. Byongeye kandi, gushaka ubuyobozi mu bijyanye n’ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ubucuruzi mu turere tujya impaka birashobora gufasha kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, kandi politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga ikorerwa impaka no kutumvikana hagati y’amashyaka atandukanye abigizemo uruhare. Ariko, ndashobora kuguha amakuru rusange. Nka leta itaramenyekana, gahunda y’imisoro yo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara ntabwo yemewe n’ibihugu byinshi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, yashyize mu bikorwa politiki zimwe na zimwe zo kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu karere kayo. Kimwe mu bicuruzwa nyamukuru byoherezwa mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara ni urutare rwa fosifate. Ubucukuzi bwa fosifati n’inganda zikomeye muri kariya karere kuva Sahara y’iburengerazuba ifite ibigega byinshi bya fosifate. Icyakora, Maroc nayo isaba ubusugire bw'ubutaka kandi ikagenzura ubwinshi muri ubwo buryo. Kugeza ubu, Maroc ishyiraho umusoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara muri politiki y’ubucuruzi. Iyi misoro yinjira mu bukungu bwa Maroc ariko yagiye inengwa kuko benshi bavuga ko igomba kuba iy'abaturage ba Sahrawi batuye mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Usibye urutare rwa fosifate, ibicuruzwa nkibicuruzwa byuburobyi biva ku nyanja ya Atalantika nabyo byoherezwa mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Nyamara, amakuru yuzuye yerekeye politiki y’imisoro yihariye kuri ibyo bicuruzwa ni make kubera amakimbirane akomeje kugenzurwa n’ubutaka. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imiryango mpuzamahanga nk’umuryango w’abibumbye yasabye ko amakimbirane yakemuka binyuze mu mishyikirano y’amahoro hagati y’impande zirimo. Kugeza igihe habaye ubwumvikane ku bijyanye na politiki no kwishyira ukizana ku baturage ba Westenr Saharawi, kugena politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga isobanutse kandi yuzuye birashobora gukomeza kuba ingorabahizi cyangwa / kandi bitavugwaho rumwe.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Kugeza ubu Umuryango w’abibumbye ufatwa nk’akarere kitigenga. Bitewe n’imiterere ya politiki itavugwaho rumwe, Sahara y’iburengerazuba ntabwo ifite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga byemewe n’imiryango mpuzamahanga. Kuva mu 1975, Sahara y'Uburengerazuba yagiye impaka zishingiye ku butaka hagati ya Maroc na Polisario Front (ishyigikiwe na Alijeriya). Maroc isaba ubusugire mu karere kose, mu gihe Front Polisario ishaka kwishyira ukizana ku baturage ba Sahrawi. Kutagenzura imiyoborere yabo byabangamiye Sahara y’iburengerazuba ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho gahunda yigenga yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubucuruzi bukorera mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara bukunze guhura n’ibibazo mu bijyanye no kwerekana inkomoko cyangwa ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa byabo mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ku bicuruzwa byakorewe mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barashobora kwishingikiriza ku nyandiko nka fagitire z'ubucuruzi na lisiti yo gupakira kugira ngo batange ibimenyetso byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri aka karere. Icyakora, ni ngombwa ko amasosiyete acuruza cyangwa atumiza mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara kugira ngo amenye ibibazo bishobora kuba byemewe n'amategeko na politiki bifitanye isano n’imiterere yabyo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko aya makuru ashobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe n’ibihe bya politiki bigenda bihinduka cyangwa amasezerano ya diplomasi. Niyo mpamvu, birasabwa ko abacuruzi n’ubucuruzi bagira uruhare mu bikorwa byo gutumiza mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bijyanye na Sahara y’iburengerazuba gukomeza kugezwaho amategeko agenga ubu no kugisha inama impuguke mu by'amategeko zimenyereye amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo ziyobore neza.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara, agace kitavugwaho rumwe gaherereye muri Afrika ya ruguru, karerekana ibibazo bidasanzwe n'amahirwe yo gukora ibikoresho. Kubera ko aka karere katamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk'igihugu cyigenga, gihura n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe zigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe ziteganya gucunga no gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma ni ibikorwa remezo bike muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Umuhanda wumuhanda ugereranije ntabwo wateye imbere, hamwe ninzira nyamukuru zihuza imijyi minini. Ubutaka butari kumuhanda buteza ibibazo byubwikorezi, kuburyo ari ngombwa gukoresha ibinyabiziga nibikoresho bikwiye. Urebye ibi bihe, imizigo yo mu kirere irashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu. Ibibuga byindege mpuzamahanga nkikibuga cyindege cya Dakhla cyangwa ikibuga cyindege cya El Aaiun Hassan I ni amarembo yingenzi yo kuzana ibikoresho cyangwa gutwara ibicuruzwa hanze yakarere. Gukoresha indege zitwara imizigo hamwe nuburambe bukorera mubidukikije bigoye birashobora gutanga amasano yizewe hagati yuburengerazuba bwa Sahara n’ahantu nyaburanga ku isi. Mugihe uhisemo abatanga ibikoresho byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Sahara yuburengerazuba cyangwa biva muburengerazuba, nibyiza gufatanya namasosiyete afite uburambe mugukemura ibibazo bitoroshye kumupaka. Kubera ko ubusugire bw’iburengerazuba bwa Sahara bukomeje kutavugwaho rumwe hagati ya Maroc na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Arabiya Sahrawi (SADR), kumva ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’amategeko ni ngombwa kugira ngo inzira za gasutamo zorohewe. Gukorana cyane nabashoramari ba gasutamo bamenyereye amabwiriza yerekeye gutumiza no kohereza hanze birashobora koroshya ibikorwa kumipaka. Bafite ubumenyi bwibisabwa byihariye bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa neza mugihe bayobora ibibazo byose bya politiki bishobora kuvuka. Ikigo cyububiko gikomatanyije giherereye mu karere nacyo gishyigikira gukwirakwiza neza ibicuruzwa muri Sahara y’iburengerazuba. Ibi bigabanya kwishingikiriza kumodoka ndende mugihe utanga ibisubizo byihuse mugihe wuzuza ibicuruzwa byaho cyangwa ugarura ububiko bwibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, gutsimbataza umubano n’abatanga ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku turere twemejwe n’impande zombi zagize uruhare mu makimbirane ashingiye ku butaka bishobora guteza imbere amasoko ku mbibi za Sahara y’iburengerazuba. Mu gusoza, mugihe ukora ibikorwa bya logistique mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, hagomba kwitonderwa imiterere yihariye y’imiterere ituruka ku kuba idakemutse nkigihugu cyigenga. Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bigomba kwitabwaho kubera ibikorwa remezo bike by'akarere. Ubufatanye nabashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho byabimenyereye hamwe nabakora ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo bigira uruhare mukwambuka imipaka yoroshye, mugihe ububiko bwaho butezimbere ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza mubutaka. Mugusobanukirwa no gukoresha neza ibyo bitekerezo, amasosiyete arashobora kugendana neza nibikoresho bya Sahara yuburengerazuba.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara, agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, gahura n’ibibazo mu bijyanye n’iterambere mpuzamahanga n’ubucuruzi kubera imiterere ya politiki. Icyakora, haracyari inzira zingenzi zamasoko mpuzamahanga nubucuruzi bwerekana bishobora gufasha kuzamura ibikorwa byubukungu mukarere. 1. Imiyoboro mpuzamahanga yo gutanga amasoko: Nubwo ifite politiki ishingiye kuri politiki, Sahara y'Uburengerazuba ikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga ku mutungo kamere. Inzira nyamukuru zitanga amasoko zirimo: a. Inganda za Fosifate: Sahara y’iburengerazuba izwiho kuba ikungahaye kuri fosifate, zikenerwa cyane n’ifumbire mvaruganda n’ibindi bikoreshwa mu nganda. Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga menshi akora amasoko ataziguye kubatanga isoko. b. Inganda z’uburobyi: Umutungo mwinshi wo mu nyanja wa Sahara y’iburengerazuba ukurura amasosiyete y’uburobyi y’amahanga ashaka kugura ibicuruzwa by’amafi nka tuna cyangwa sardine. c. Ubukorikori: Abanyabukorikori baho bakora ubukorikori gakondo nk'ibitapi n'ibumba hamwe n'ibishushanyo bidasanzwe bya Sahrawi. Ibicuruzwa bifite amasoko ashobora kuba mubihugu bitandukanye ashishikajwe nubukorikori nyabwo bwa Afrika. 2. Imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha: Kwitabira imurikagurisha ryemerera ubucuruzi bwa Sahara y’iburengerazuba kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo ku rubuga mpuzamahanga, gushiraho umubano n’abaguzi, no guteza imbere ubukungu mu karere. Imurikagurisha rifite akamaro ririmo: a. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubuhinzi muri Maroc (SIAM): Ibirori ngarukamwaka byabereye i Meknes, umujyi wegereye umupaka wa Sahara y’iburengerazuba, bikurura abaguzi b’ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ubuhinzi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi bashishikajwe n’ibicuruzwa nk’ifumbire cyangwa ibiryo by’amatungo. b. SIAL Uburasirazuba bwo hagati: Nka rimwe mu imurikagurisha rinini rishingiye ku biribwa rikorwa buri mwaka i Abu Dhabi, iki gikorwa gitanga amahirwe ku bakora ibiribwa bya Sahrawi guhuza n'abaguzi bakomeye bo mu karere k'Ikigobe bashaka ibiribwa bitandukanye. c.Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubukorikori (FIART): Ryateguwe buri mwaka na Minisiteri y’ubukerarugendo n’inganda z’ubukorikori bwa Alijeriya (MOTCI), iri murikagurisha rihuza abitabiriye amahugurwa baturutse muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru bifuza kwerekana ibihangano byabo harimo n’ibya Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. d.Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi ryabereye muri Maroc: Ibi birori, nk'imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Casablanca ndetse n’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Marrakesh, rikurura abaguzi baho ndetse n’amahanga mu nzego zitandukanye. Batanga inzira kubucuruzi bwa Sahrawi kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa byabo kubantu benshi. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera imiterere y’amakimbirane ya Sahara y’iburengerazuba, bamwe mu bakinnyi mpuzamahanga birinda kwishora mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ibigo bya Sahrawi. Iyi miterere ya politiki igabanya iterambere no kuboneka kwinzira zikomeye zitanga amasoko hamwe n’ubucuruzi ugereranije n’ibihugu byemewe. Nubwo hari ibibazo, gushakisha amahirwe mpuzamahanga yo gutanga amasoko no kwitabira ubucuruzi byerekana ko guhuza umutungo wa Sahara y’iburengerazuba bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu mu karere. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zo kugera ku bwumvikane bwa politiki hagati ya Sahara y’iburengerazuba zishobora gufungura ibyifuzo by’ubucuruzi mu bihe biri imbere.
Hariho moteri nyinshi zishakisha zikoreshwa muburengerazuba bwa Sahara. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe muribo hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Google (www.google.com): Google niyo moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose. Itanga uburambe bwubushakashatsi bwuzuye, burimo paji zurubuga, amashusho, videwo, amakuru, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ni indi moteri ishakisha izwi cyane itanga ibintu bisa na Google. Itanga kandi ibisubizo byurubuga hamwe namashusho, videwo, amakuru, namakarita. 3. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): Yahoo itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo n'ubushobozi bwo gushakisha urubuga. Itanga ibisubizo byiza byubushakashatsi hamwe nibindi biranga amakuru agezweho, serivisi ya imeri, nibindi byinshi. 4. Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): Ecosia ni moteri idasanzwe yo gushakisha igamije kubungabunga ibidukikije ukoresheje amafaranga yinjiza mu gutera ibiti ku isi. Ukoresheje Ecosia mugushakisha kwawe muri Sahara yuburengerazuba cyangwa ahandi hantu hose ku isi urashobora gutanga umusanzu kuriyi mpamvu. 5. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo ishimangira ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha udakurikirana ibikorwa byabakoresha kumurongo cyangwa amakuru yihariye mugihe ukora ubushakashatsi. 6. Yandex (www. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe izi ari zimwe zikoreshwa na moteri zishakisha zishobora kuva muri Sahara yuburengerazuba cyangwa ahandi ku isi; ibyifuzo byumuntu ku giti cye birashobora gutandukana ukurikije ibintu nkibyo ukunda interineti - impamvu zimenyerewe kubakoresha; kubogama kwakarere kubindi bisobanuro byaho niba bihari; imipaka yo kugerwaho yashyizweho ninzego zibanze niba bishoboka.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo zo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara zirimo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Maroc: Iki gitabo gikubiyemo uturere dutandukanye muri Maroc, harimo na Sahara yuburengerazuba. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi na serivisi mukarere. Urubuga: www.urubuga.co.ma 2. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Sahara: Ubuyobozi bwibanze bwibanze kubucuruzi bukorera muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Harimo amakuru arambuye, aderesi, n'ibisobanuro by'amasosiyete mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubwubatsi, ubuzima, ubukerarugendo, no gutwara abantu. Urubuga: www.saharanyellowpages.com 3. Urubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Afurika - Sahara y’iburengerazuba: Uru rubuga rwa interineti rwita ku bucuruzi bukorera mu bihugu bya Afurika harimo na Sahara y’iburengerazuba. Itanga amakuru menshi yikigo gifite ibisobanuro birambuye nkimirenge, ibicuruzwa / serivisi zitangwa, hamwe namakuru yo guhuza amahirwe ya B2B yo guhuza. Urubuga: www.africabusinessportal.com/iburengerazuba-sahara 4. Ubuyobozi bwa Afribiz - Sahara y'Uburengerazuba: Afribiz ni umutungo wambere mu bucuruzi mu bihugu bya Afurika harimo na Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Ububiko butanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwaho bukubiyemo inganda zitandukanye nkubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, itumanaho, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.afribiz.info/ubuyobozi/iburengerazuba-sahara 5.Salama-Annuaire.ma (mucyarabu): Salama Annuaire ni urubuga rwerekana urutonde rwubucuruzi bwururimi rwicyarabu rukubiyemo uturere twinshi muri Maroc; ikubiyemo kandi urutonde ruva mumijyi iri mubutaka bwa Sahara yuburengerazuba. Urubuga (Icyarabu): www.salama-annuaire.ma Nyamuneka menya ko kubera imiterere itavuguruzwa y'ubusugire bwa Sahara y'Uburengerazuba hagati ya Maroc na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Arabiya Sahrawi (SADR), amasoko atandukanye ashobora kuba afite amakuru atandukanye yerekeye ubucuruzi bukorera muri kano karere. Buri gihe birasabwa kugenzura urutonde rwubu binyuze mumasoko yemewe cyangwa kuvugana ninzego zibishinzwe kugirango umenye amakuru yukuri ajyanye nubucuruzi mu karere runaka. Wibuke ko nubwo ubu bubiko butanga ibikoresho byingenzi byo gushakisha imishinga ishingiye cyangwa ikorera mukarere ka sahara yuburengerazuba; Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nibyiza kugisha inama amakuru agezweho kandi yizewe mugihe ushakisha amakuru yihariye kuko ububiko bushobora guhinduka cyangwa guta igihe.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Hano hari urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi muri Sahara yuburengerazuba. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe muribo hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Jumia Western Sahara - www.jumia.ma Jumia ni imwe mu mbuga nini za e-ubucuruzi muri Afurika, kandi ikorera no mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ubwiza, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. 2. Souqifni - www.souqifni.com Souqifni ni isoko ryo kumurongo ryita kumasoko yo muburengerazuba bwa Sahara. Itanga ibyiciro bitandukanye nkimyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imitako yo murugo, ibitabo, nibindi bicuruzwa byinshi. 3. AliExpress - www.aliexpress.com AliExpress ni urubuga mpuzamahanga ruzwi cyane rwa e-ubucuruzi rwohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi yose ndetse no muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Itanga ihitamo ryinshi ryibicuruzwa kubagurisha batandukanye kubiciro byapiganwa. 4. Vendo.ma - www.vendo.ma Vendo.ma ni urubuga rwo kugura kumurongo rukorera muri Maroc ariko kandi rukorera abakiriya muri Sahara yuburengerazuba. Urubuga rugaragaza ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa nka terefone zigendanwa, imyambaro, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo murugo nibindi. 5. eBay -www.ebay.com eBay nubundi buryo buzwi mpuzamahanga bwa e-ubucuruzi bworohereza kugura no kugurisha hagati yabantu cyangwa ubucuruzi kwisi yose. Abakiriya bo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara barashobora kugura ibintu bitandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye kuri eBay. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye za e-ubucuruzi ziboneka kubaguzi bo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara kugura ibicuruzwa kumurongo kubacuruzi baho cyangwa mpuzamahanga.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara ni agace kitavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Imiterere ya politiki y'akarere ntikirakemuka, aho Maroc ndetse na Polisario Front bisaba ubwigenge. Kubwibyo, nkicyitegererezo cyururimi rwa AI cyateguwe na OpenAI, sinshobora gutanga igisubizo nyacyo kijyanye nimbuga nkoranyambaga zigezweho zijyanye na Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Ariko, ndashobora kuguha amakuru rusange yerekeye imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa ku isi. Facebook: Ni urubuga rukoreshwa cyane ruhuza abantu ku isi. Urashobora kubona imyirondoro yabakoresha, gusangira ibirimo nkamafoto na videwo, kwinjiza mumatsinda cyangwa ibyabaye, no kuvugana binyuze mubutumwa. Twitter: Uru rubuga rwemerera abakoresha gusangira ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet nabayoboke babo. Irakoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvugurura amakuru no kwerekana ibitekerezo cyangwa ibitekerezo muburyo bworoshye. Instagram: Ifoto izwi cyane hamwe no gusangira amashusho aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi kimwe no gusabana nabandi binyuze mubitekerezo bikunda n'ubutumwa butaziguye. LinkedIn: Uru rusobe rwumwuga rwibanda ku guhuza abanyamwuga mubice bitandukanye. Abakoresha bakora imyirondoro yerekana uburambe bwakazi, ubuhanga, hamwe nuburere bwuburezi kugirango bubake amasano hamwe nabakoresha cyangwa abo mukorana. WhatsApp: Porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa ako kanya ifitwe na Facebook ituma abayikoresha bohereza ubutumwa bugufi, guhamagara amajwi, guhamagara kuri videwo, gusangira amadosiye y'ibitangazamakuru nk'amafoto cyangwa inyandiko ku giti cyabo cyangwa mu matsinda. Telegramu: Indi porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa ishimangira imiyoboro y'itumanaho yibanda ku buzima bwite mu gihe itanga ibintu bisa na WhatsApp nk'ibiganiro byihariye cyangwa ibiganiro mu matsinda hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kugabana dosiye. Snapchat: Porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwa multimediya aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amafoto na videwo bita "snaps" ibura nyuma yo kubireba (keretse wabitswe). Nyamuneka menya ko gukundwa kwimbuga nkoranyambaga bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ibikorwa remezo byikoranabuhanga biboneka mu turere runaka cyangwa umuco w’abahatuye.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, agace k’amakimbirane mpuzamahanga gaherereye muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru, hari amashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda agira uruhare runini muri kariya karere. Aya mashyirahamwe akorera mu nzego zitandukanye kandi agafasha mu kuzamura ubukungu n’iterambere. 1. Ishyirahamwe rya Maroc rishinzwe inganda n’imyenda (AMITH) Urubuga: https://www.amith.ma Ishyirahamwe rya Maroc rishinzwe inganda n’imyenda ihagarariye urwego rw’imyenda, rukaba ari rumwe mu nganda zikomeye muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Igamije guteza imbere iterambere, guhanga udushya, no guhangana mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubufatanye no gutanga inkunga ku banyamuryango bayo. Ihuriro ry’ubuhinzi muri Sahara (FSA) Urubuga: N / A. Ihuriro ry’ubuhinzi rya Sahara rifite inshingano zo guhagararira inganda z’ubuhinzi mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara. Iri shyirahamwe rishyigikira abahinzi mu guharanira inyungu zabo, gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki, no guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye. 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Sahrawi Urubuga: http://www.ccsa.com Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Sahrawi n’umuryango w’ingirakamaro ukora nk'urwego ruhagarariye ubucuruzi bukorera mu nganda zinyuranye za Sahara. Ifasha koroshya umubano w’ubucuruzi mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, iteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari mu karere, kandi ishyigikira iterambere ry’ubukungu. 4. Ishyirahamwe rya Maroc ryinganda zubaka (AMCI) Urubuga: http://www.amci.ma Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zubaka muri Maroc rifite uruhare runini mu kugenzura ibikorwa bijyanye n’ubwubatsi mu gice cy’ibidukikije cya Sahara cyubatswe. Iri shyirahamwe riteza imbere imikorere myiza mubwubatsi, rishishikarizwa guhanga udushya, ryorohereza imiyoboro hagati yinzobere mu nganda mugihe zitezimbere ubufatanye na bagenzi babo mpuzamahanga. 5. Amashyirahamwe yamakoperative yuburobyi Urubuga: N / A. Urebye ko yegereye inyanja ya Atalantika ku nkombe zayo, uburobyi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Amashyirahamwe menshi y’amakoperative y’uburobyi akorera mu karere kugira ngo ibikorwa by’uburobyi birambye bikurikizwa mu gihe bifasha imibereho y’abarobyi. Nyamuneka menya ko kubera amakimbirane ya politiki ajyanye n'ubusugire bwa Sahara y'Uburengerazuba cyangwa kuba kuri interineti hari imiryango / amashyirahamwe yihariye ajyanye n'aka karere; amakuru amwe ntashobora kuboneka byoroshye cyangwa guhinduka.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Mumbabarire, ariko nkicyitegererezo cyururimi rwa AI, sinshobora kureba kuri enterineti cyangwa gutanga amakuru nyayo kubyerekeye imbuga zihariye. Ariko, ndashobora kuguha ubuyobozi bwuburyo bwo gushakisha imbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Sahara yuburengerazuba. Kugirango ubone imbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi kuri Sahara yuburengerazuba, urashobora gukurikiza izi ntambwe: 1. Tangira ushakisha kuri moteri zishakisha kwisi nka Google cyangwa Bing. Koresha ijambo ryibanze nka "urubuga rwubukungu Western Sahara," "portal yubucuruzi Sahara Western," cyangwa "ububiko bwubucuruzi bwa Sahara Western." 2. Urashobora kandi kugenzura kurubuga rwa leta rwemewe rwiburengerazuba bwa Sahara, niba bihari. Guverinoma nyinshi zahaye ibice imbuga za interineti kuganira kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, amahirwe yo gushora imari, na gahunda z’iterambere ry’ubukungu. 3. Koresha ububiko bwubucuruzi kumurongo kabuhariwe mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga cyangwa urutonde rwamasosiyete akorera mukarere runaka kwisi. Ingero zirimo Alibaba.com, Abashora hanze.sg, Kompass.com. 4. Reba ku mbuga za interineti z’ubukungu bw’akarere zishobora kuba zifite amakuru ajyanye n’ibihugu biri mu bikorwa (urugero, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika). Wibuke ko kuva aho Sahara y'Uburengerazuba ihagaze ari ikibazo kitavugwaho rumwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga; irashobora kugira ingaruka kumurongo kuri interineti iyo ihagarariwe kumugaragaro na guverinoma yemewe yigihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Uburengerazuba bwa Sahara, buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Sahrawi (SADR), ni akarere muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru gaherereye ku nkombe za Atlantike. Kubera amakimbirane akomeje kubutaka, amakuru yubucuruzi nubukungu muri Sahara yuburengerazuba ntashobora kuboneka byoroshye. Nyamara, hano hari isoko ishobora kuboneka aho ushobora gusanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi mukarere: 1. Umugenzi w’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye bw’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa butanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru arambuye y’ubucuruzi ku isi. Mugihe kwinjira muri Sahara yuburengerazuba bishobora guhurizwa hamwe na Maroc cyangwa bikavaho burundu kubera impamvu za politiki, urashobora gushakisha ukoresheje kodegisi yibicuruzwa bijyanye na Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ 2. Banki y'Isi Ifungura Amakuru: Banki y'Isi itanga amakuru y’ubukungu yuzuye ku isi kandi itanga imibare itandukanye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Nubwo amakuru yihariye yerekeranye na Sahara yuburengerazuba ashobora kutaboneka, urashobora gushakisha amakuru yo mukarere cyangwa mubihugu bituranye. Urubuga: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/isi-terambere-yerekana-indicators/ 3. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu gihugu: Reba ku rubuga rwemewe rw'ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu bihugu nka Maroc cyangwa Mauritania bihana imbibi na Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Ibiro bikunze gutanga imibare yubucuruzi ishobora kuba ikubiyemo amakuru ajyanye n’uturere duhana imbibi. Ingero zurubuga: - Komisiyo ishinzwe igenamigambi muri Maroc (HCP): https://www.hcp.ma/ - Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu gihugu cya Mauritania (ONS): http://www.ons.mr/ 4. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC): ITC itanga ubumenyi ku bucuruzi bw’isi yose binyuze mu bikoresho by’isesengura ry’isoko ndetse n’ububiko bwabo ariko kubona amakuru yihariye yerekeye Sahara y’iburengerazuba bishobora kuba bike kubera impamvu za politiki. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx Nyamuneka menya ko kubona imibare yubucuruzi nyayo kandi igezweho gusa kuburengerazuba bwa Sahara ishobora kwerekana ibibazo kubera imiterere yabyo; kubwibyo, birasabwa gushakisha amasoko atandukanye no kugenzura amakuru yose aboneka ukurikije.

B2b

Hano hari B2B nyinshi ziboneka kubucuruzi muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe bakomeye hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Afrindex: https://westernsahara.afrindex.com/ Afrindex itanga urubuga rwa B2B rwuzuye mubucuruzi muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba, byorohereza ubucuruzi n'ishoramari mu nganda zitandukanye. 2. TradeKey: https://www.tradekey.com/ws TradeKey ni isoko mpuzamahanga rizwi cyane rya B2B rihuza abaguzi n’abagurisha baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Sahara y’iburengerazuba. 3. Inkomoko yisi yose: https://www.globalsources.com/ Global Sources itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi, itanga abaguzi kwisi yose kuborohereza kubatanga ibicuruzwa muri Sahara yuburengerazuba no mu tundi turere. 4. Alibaba.com: https://www.alibaba.com/ Alibaba ni imwe mu mbuga nini za B2B ku isi, ikora nk'isoko rya interineti aho ubucuruzi buturuka mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara bushobora guhuza n'abashobora kugura ku isi. 5. Abashoramari bo mu Buhinde: https://western-sahara.exportersindia.com/ Abashoramari bo mu Buhinde bemerera ubucuruzi buturuka mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo no guhuza n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye. 6. EC21: http://iburengerazuba-sahara.ec21.com/ EC21 ikora nk'urubuga rwo gucuruza kumurongo aho ubucuruzi bushobora kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi kugirango bikurura abakiriya baturutse impande zose z'isi. 7. ECVV: http://abacuruzi.ecvv.stonebuy.biz ECVV itanga urubuga rwizewe rwo gucuruza byinshi, bigatuma ubucuruzi bwo mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara bubona ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa kwegera abakiriya bashobora kwisi yose. Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa za B2B ziboneka zita kubucuruzi muri Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Buri gihe birasabwa gukora ubushakashatsi kuri buri rubuga, imiterere, no kwizerwa mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa cyangwa ubufatanye
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