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Incamake y'igihugu
Alubaniya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Alubaniya, ni igihugu gito giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi. Hatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 2.8, ni kimwe mu bihugu bito mu Burayi. Alubaniya ihana imbibi n'ibihugu byinshi birimo Montenegro mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Kosovo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru mu burasirazuba n'Ubugereki mu majyepfo. Umurwa mukuru wa Alubaniya ni Tirana, ari nawo mujyi munini. Tirana iherereye hagati mu gihugu kandi ikora ihuriro ry’umuco, ubukungu n’ubuyobozi. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa muri Alubaniya ni Alubaniya. Alubaniya ifite amateka akomeye kuva kera. Yahoze mu bwami butandukanye burimo Ingoma y'Abaroma n'Ubwami bwa Ottoman mbere yo kubona ubwigenge mu 1912. Igihugu cyanyuze mu bihe by'ubutegetsi bw'abakomunisiti bayobowe na Enver Hoxha kuva mu 1944 kugeza 1992 mbere yo kwinjira muri repubulika ishingiye kuri demokarasi. Imiterere ya Alubaniya itanga ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye kuva ku nkombe zitangaje zo ku nyanja ya Adriatike na Iyoniya kugera ku misozi ihanamye nka Alpes yo muri Alubaniya mu majyaruguru n'imisozi ya Pindus mu turere two hagati. Ahantu nyaburanga nyaburanga hakurura ba mukerarugendo mu bikorwa nko gutembera, gusura inkombe, no gutembera ahahoze kera. N'ubwo ari kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane by’Uburayi nyuma y’imyaka myinshi yitaruye ku butegetsi bwa gikomunisiti, Alubaniya yateye intambwe igaragara mu myaka yashize iganisha ku iterambere ry’ubukungu no kwishyira hamwe n’amahanga. Yabaye umukandida w’abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi muri Kamena 2014. Ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Alubaniya hamwe n’ibicuruzwa nkimbuto, imboga, imbuto ndetse n’itabi byoherezwa mu mahanga. Izindi nganda zirimo kubyara ingufu (ingufu z'amashanyarazi), ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro (chromite), ubukerarugendo (cyane cyane ku nkombe z'inyanja), gukora imyenda n'ibindi. Muri rusange, nubwo hakiri imbogamizi zijyanye n'iterambere cyane cyane ibijyanye no kunoza ibikorwa remezo n'ibibazo bya ruswa, Alubaniya ikomeje guharanira iterambere ry’abaturage bayo haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Alubaniya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Alubaniya, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi ku gice cya Balkan. Ifaranga rya Alubaniya ryitwa Lekani ya Lek (BYOSE). Lek yo muri Alubaniya igereranwa nikimenyetso "L" kandi ifite subunits izwi nka qindarka (qintars), nubwo itakizenguruka. Lek imwe ihwanye na 100 qindarka. Lek ije mu madorari y'inoti n'ibiceri. Kugeza ubu, hari amadini atandatu y’inoti azenguruka: 200 Lekë, 500 Lekë, 1.000 Lekë, 2000 Lekë, na 5.000 Lekë. Buri noti yerekana imibare itandukanye yingenzi kuva mumateka ya Alubaniya nibimenyetso byumuco. Ku bijyanye n’ibiceri, hari amadini arindwi: Igiceri cya 1 cya Lekë hamwe n’agaciro gake nka 1 igiceri cya Qindarkë (kitagikoreshwa), igiceri cya Lekë 5 (gikoreshwa gake), n’agaciro gakomeye nk’ibiceri bya nikel byambaye umuringa-nikel bifite agaciro ka 10 Lekë kugeza ku giciro cyo hejuru bi-metallic ibiceri nkibiceri10 bya Pesos COA. Mu myaka yashize, Alubaniya yavuguruye ubukungu igamije guhagarika ifaranga ryayo no kunoza imikorere y’imari. Nubwo yahuye n’ibibazo nk’igipimo cy’ifaranga mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byabayeho mu mateka kuva yatangira ubukungu bw’isoko nyuma y’uko ubukomunisiti bwarangiye mu ntangiriro ya 90; icyakora muri rusange ituze ryagezweho mugihe bivamo iterambere kubenegihugu; Gushoboza ibikorwa byoroshye mu gihugu cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bakoresheje amafaranga atari lek harimo na Euro yemejwe ku munsi umwe w’umwaka umwe kugira ngo yemere ubucuruzi bw’ubuntu bityo habeho ubucuruzi bworoshye hagati ya Alubaniya n’ibihugu by’amahanga bitabaye ngombwa ko hahindurwa amafaranga y’ivunjisha ry’amafaranga yinjira mu kindi gihugu. sisitemu yuburyo butanga ibiciro byiza kwisi yose kugereranya ibiciro byamahanga nibindi… Muri rusange, Lekani ya Lek ikora nk'ifaranga ryemewe rya Alubaniya kandi ituma haba imari mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Alubaniya ni lek ya Alubaniya (BYOSE). Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cy'ivunjisha gihindagurika kenshi, bityo imibare ikurikira ntishobora kuba igezweho. Kuva muri Nzeri 2021, hafi: - 1 USD (Amadolari ya Amerika) angana na 103 BYOSE. - 1 EUR (Euro) bingana na 122 BYOSE. - 1 GBP (Pound yo mu Bwongereza) ingana na 140 BYOSE. Nyamuneka reba hamwe n'inkomoko yizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubiciro byukuri kandi bigezweho mbere yoguhindura amafaranga.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Alubaniya ni igihugu gito giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi. Ifite iminsi mikuru myinshi yigihugu ifite akamaro gakomeye kumuco namateka kubantu bayo. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Alubaniya ni umunsi wubwigenge, wizihizwa ku ya 28 Ugushyingo buri mwaka. Uyu munsi wibutse ubwigenge bw'igihugu ku bwami bwa Ottoman mu 1912. Ni igihe Abanyalubaniya bibuka bishimira urugamba rwabo rwo guharanira ubwisanzure no guha icyubahiro intwari zabo z'igihugu. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye muri Alubaniya ni umunsi w’ibendera ry’igihugu, wizihizwa no ku ya 28 Ugushyingo. Kuri uyumunsi, Abanyalubaniya bubaha ibendera ryumutuku hamwe na kagoma yirabura ifite imitwe ibiri ishushanya ubutwari n'imbaraga. Hateguwe ibirori bitandukanye n’imihango mu gihugu hose hagamijwe guteza imbere gukunda igihugu no gukangurira kumenya akamaro k’ibimenyetso by’igihugu. Ibirori by'amadini nabyo bigira uruhare runini muri kalendari y'ibirori ya Alubaniya. Benshi mu Banyalubaniya bakurikiza Islam, bituma Eid al-Fitr iba umwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye y'idini muri iki gihugu. Bizihizwa mu mpera za Ramadhan, biranga igihe cy'ibyishimo, gushimira, no guterana kwabaturage nyuma y'ukwezi kwisonzesha. Alubaniya kandi yizihiza Noheri ku ya 25 Ukuboza, ifite akamaro gakomeye ku muco haba abagatolika ndetse n'abakristu ba orotodogisi baba mu mbibi zayo. Ibiruhuko birangwa n'imitako y'ibirori, ibikorwa by'itorero, guterana mu miryango, guhana impano, no gusangira amafunguro gakondo. Hanyuma, umunsi mpuzamahanga w'abakozi cyangwa umunsi w'abakozi ku ya 1 Gicurasi wizihizwa nk'ikiruhuko rusange muri Alubaniya. Uyu munsi wubahiriza uburenganzira bwabakozi mugihe twishimira ibyagezweho nimiryango ikora imirimo kwisi yose. Izi ni zimwe mu ngero z'iminsi mikuru yizihizwa muri Alubaniya yerekana amateka n'umuco byayo. Ibi birori bihuza abantu guha agaciro ishema ryigihugu cyangwa guhuriza hamwe kwizihiza idini mugihe biteza imbere indangagaciro nkubwisanzure, ubumwe mumiryango itandukanye y’amadini hamwe no kwizihiza uburenganzira bwabakozi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Alubaniya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi, gihana imbibi na Montenegro mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Kosovo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru n'Ubugereki mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Nubwo ari ntoya, Alubaniya ifite ubukungu butera imbere hibandwa ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byoherezwa muri Alubaniya birimo imyenda n'inkweto, hamwe n'amabuye y'agaciro nka chrome n'umuringa. Ubuhinzi nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Alubaniya, hamwe no kohereza ingano, ibigori, imboga, imbuto (nk'imizabibu), amavuta ya elayo n'ibindi bikomoka ku buhinzi bigira uruhare runini. Mu myaka yashize, Alubaniya ikora ibishoboka ngo izamure ubucuruzi bwongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kugabanya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu cyateye imbere mu gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) ryagize uruhare mu kuzamuka mu bukungu. Yungukiye mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi akunzwe n’ibihugu duturanye kandi biri mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi nk’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi yo hagati (CEFTA) arimo ibihugu byinshi byo mu karere. Alubaniya nayo irakora kugirango yinjire mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Mu rwego rw’iki gikorwa, yashyize mu bikorwa ivugurura ritandukanye rigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi no guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Imishyikirano yo kwinjira irakomeje hamwe n’abayobozi b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagamije korohereza ibintu byiza ku bucuruzi bwa Alubaniya. Ubukerarugendo ni urundi rwego rufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Alubaniya. Iki gihugu gitanga uduce twiza two ku nkombe z’inyanja ya Adriatike ndetse n’imisozi itangaje y’imisozi ikurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse mu Burayi bwose. Nubwo hari iterambere ryiza, haracyari imbogamizi zihura n’ubucuruzi bwa Alubaniya. Zimwe muri izo mbogamizi zirimo ibibazo bya ruswa mu bigo bya leta ndetse n’ibikorwa byinshi by’ubukungu bidasanzwe bishobora kubangamira amahirwe y’ishoramari ry’amahanga. Mu gusoza, mu gihe Alubaniya ishobora guhura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye na ruswa n’ubukungu butemewe bigira ingaruka ku mahirwe y’ishoramari ry’amahanga; irerekana ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere bitewe nuko yibanda ku myenda / inkweto zoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi birimo imbuto nk'imizabibu cyangwa imboga nka elayo / amavuta - imirenge igira uruhare runini mu iterambere rirambye bitewe n’akarere gakenewe mu Burayi. Byongeye kandi, kuba Alubaniya ikurura ahantu nyaburanga hashobora gushyigikira ubukungu bwayo binyuze mu mahanga no kongera akazi.
Iterambere ryisoko
Alubaniya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Mu myaka yashize, Alubaniya yakoze ivugurura ry’ubukungu na politiki yo kwishyira ukizana kugira ngo ishoramari ry’amahanga kandi ryorohereze ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi z’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Alubaniya ni aho iherereye. Iki gihugu gifite hafi y’amasoko akomeye yo mu Burayi nk’Ubutaliyani n’Ubugereki, bitanga inyungu nini mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho no gutwara abantu. Byongeye kandi, kuba hari ibyambu byinshi ku nkombe za Alubaniya byongera ubworoherane bwibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Alubaniya ifite umutungo mwinshi ushobora gukoreshwa mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Igihugu gifite ubutaka bukize bwubuhinzi bushobora gutanga ibihingwa bitandukanye birimo imbuto n'imboga. Ubu bushobozi bwo guhinga butuma Alubaniya yohereza ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mu bihugu duturanye ndetse no hanze yacyo. Byongeye kandi, Alubaniya ifite umutungo kamere harimo amabuye y'agaciro nka chromium n'umuringa. Ibikoresho bitanga amahirwe akomeye yo kohereza hanze, bikurura abashoramari babanyamahanga bashishikajwe nibikorwa byubucukuzi. Byongeye kandi, inganda zo muri Alubaniya zagiye zigenda zigezweho kandi zirushanwa ku rwego rw'isi. Inzego zikora nkimyenda, inkweto, inkweto zikora imashini zigaragaza iterambere kubera ishoramari ryiyongereye mu ikoranabuhanga no kuzamura ibikorwa remezo. Iterambere rigira uruhare mu kwagura ibicuruzwa biva muri Alubaniya ku masoko yisi. Ubwitange bwa guverinoma mu kuzamura ibidukikije mu bucuruzi nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu kuzamura iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu gihugu. Ingamba nkuburyo bworoshye bwa gasutamo hamwe namabwiriza yoroshye byorohereje ibigo kwishora mubikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze. Icyakora, imbogamizi ziracyakenewe gukemurwa kugirango dukoreshe byimazeyo ubushobozi bwa Alubaniya nk'isoko ry'ubucuruzi bwo hanze. Gutezimbere ibikorwa remezo mu gihugu ni ngombwa kugirango imiyoboro itwara abantu ikenewe mu bikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Gushishikariza gushora imari mubushakashatsi & iterambere birashobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhanga ibicuruzwa - gushimangira irushanwa mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange, hamwe n’ahantu heza hafi y’amasoko y’i Burayi hamwe n’umutungo kamere waboneka no guteza imbere ubucuruzi - Alubaniya ifite amahirwe menshi mu rwego rwo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kurushaho.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Alubaniya, hagomba gusuzumwa ibintu byinshi. Ibi bintu birimo isoko ryisoko, imiterere ihiganwa, hamwe nibishoboka byoherezwa hanze. Hano hari ibyifuzo byuburyo bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa nkibi: 1. Gusesengura ibikenewe ku isoko: Kora ubushakashatsi bunoze ku byiciro by’ibicuruzwa bifite isoko ryinshi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rya Alubaniya. Ibi birashobora gukorwa mukwiga amakuru yatumijwe mu mahanga, kugisha inama impuguke mu nganda, no gusesengura imigendekere y’abaguzi. Menya ibicuruzwa bikunzwe cyane kandi birashoboka ko bizakomeza kuba byinshi. 2. Suzuma amarushanwa: Suzuma imiterere ihiganwa kuri buri cyiciro cyibicuruzwa. Reba ibintu nkibitanga bisanzwe, ingamba zo kugena ibiciro, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bitangwa nabanywanyi, hamwe nibitekerezo byihariye byo kugurisha bashobora kuba bafite. 3. Reba ubushobozi bwo kohereza hanze: Shakisha ibicuruzwa bifite imbaraga zo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yumupaka wa Alubaniya. Ibi bizagufasha gukanda mumasoko manini no kongera inyungu mugihe kirekire. 4. Wibande ku bwiza: Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga bw’ubuziranenge n’umutekano byashyizweho n’ibihugu cyangwa uturere dutandukanye twinjira mu mahanga. 5. Gutezimbere ibicuruzwa byukuri bya Alubaniya: Shyira ahagaragara ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bya Alubaniya bifite agaciro k’umuco cyangwa akamaro k’akarere iyo byohereza hanze. 6.Kanda ku bidukikije byangiza ibidukikije: Ibicuruzwa birambye cyangwa bitangiza ibidukikije bigenda byamamara ku isi yose kubera ubukangurambaga bw’ibidukikije mu baguzi; tekereza gushyiramo ibintu nkibi mubicuruzwa byawe portfolio niba bishoboka. 7.Gusubiramo ingamba za leta cyangwa politiki zijyanye n'inganda cyangwa imirenge yihariye; aya makuru arashobora gufasha kumenya aho inkunga yinyongera itangwa kubyohereza / abatumiza mu mahanga muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bijyanye nubucuruzi muri Alubaniya no mumahanga. 8.Gushiraho ubufatanye ninganda zaho zifite ubuhanga mukubyara ibintu bishakishwa kubiciro byapiganwa bishobora gufasha gutanga isoko ihamye. Urebye ibi bintu mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko yubucuruzi y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Alubaniya, wongera amahirwe yo gutsinda no kunguka muri ubu bukungu bugenda bwiyongera.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Alubaniya, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi bw’Uburayi, gifite umwihariko wacyo n’imico gakondo ishobora kuba ngombwa gutekerezaho mugihe ikorana nabakiriya ba Alubaniya. Dore bimwe mubisobanuro biranga abakiriya na kirazira muri Alubaniya: Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Kwakira abashyitsi: Abanyalubaniya bazwiho kwakira abashyitsi. Akenshi usanga bakora uko bashoboye kugirango abashyitsi bumve ko bakiriwe kandi neza. 2. Guhuza umuntu ku giti cye: Kubaka umubano bwite ningirakamaro mubikorwa byubucuruzi nabakiriya ba Alubaniya. Icyizere n'ubudahemuka bifite agaciro, bityo gushora igihe mugushiraho rapport ni ngombwa. 3. Kubaha abasaza: Kugaragaza ko wubaha abantu bakuze byubahwa cyane mumico ya Alubaniya. Kubabwira mu kinyabupfura no gutega amatwi witonze ibitekerezo byabo birashobora kugira uruhare mubiganiro byubucuruzi. 4. Gufata ibyemezo hamwe: Ibyemezo byingenzi akenshi bifatirwa hamwe nabayobozi bakuru b'umuryango cyangwa umuryango, aho kuba umuyobozi kugiti cye wenyine. Kirazira: 1. Kunegura Alubaniya cyangwa umuco wacyo: Irinde gutanga ibitekerezo bibi ku mateka, imigenzo, cyangwa ibihe bya politiki kuko bishobora kubonwa ko ari agasuzuguro. 2. Gukoresha imvugo yumubiri ikabije: Mugihe ishyaka mugihe cyibiganiro rishimwa, ibimenyetso birenze urugero cyangwa guhuza umubiri bishobora kugaragara nkibintu byinjira mubanya Albani bamwe bakunda umwanya wihariye. 3. Imyumvire y’umuco: Witondere kudashyira ahagaragara byinshi mubihugu bya Balkan cyangwa ngo wibwire ko imigenzo yose ituruka mubihugu duturanye ikoreshwa kimwe muri Alubaniya. Twabibutsa ko iyo mico na kirazira bishobora gutandukana mubantu batandukanye mu gihugu bitewe nimyaka nkimyaka, urwego rwuburezi, no guhura numuco mpuzamahanga. Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa imico yabakiriya yo kwakira abashyitsi, guhuza abantu ku giti cyabo, kubaha abasaza hamwe no kumenya kirazira z'umuco nko kunenga umuco wa Alubaniya bizafasha guteza imbere umubano mwiza mubucuruzi mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Alubaniya.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Alubaniya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, ifite amategeko agenga gasutamo n’uburyo abashyitsi bagomba kumenya mbere yo kwinjira mu gihugu. Icyambere, abagenzi bose bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu. Ibisabwa bya viza biratandukanye bitewe nubwenegihugu bwabashyitsi. Ibihugu bimwe byemerera visa kwinjira mugihe runaka, mugihe ibindi bisaba viza kuboneka mbere yingendo. Iyo bageze muri Alubaniya, abashyitsi bazanyura kuri gasutamo no kugenzura abinjira n'abasohoka ku mipaka cyangwa ku kibuga cy'indege. Ni ngombwa gutanga amakuru yukuri kandi yukuri muriki gikorwa. Abakozi ba gasutamo barashobora kubaza ibibazo bijyanye nintego yo gusura, igihe cyo kumara, nibintu byose witwaza. Birabujijwe kuzana ibintu bimwe na bimwe muri Alubaniya. Muri byo harimo ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge, imbunda cyangwa ibikoresho biturika nta burenganzira bubifitiye uburenganzira, ibicuruzwa byiganano, ibikoresho byambuwe uburenganzira bwa muntu (nka CD cyangwa DVD), ibimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera nta ruhushya rukenewe, n’inyamaswa nzima zidafite ibyangombwa. Hariho amafaranga atishyurwa kubintu byumuntu nkimyambaro hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki abashyitsi bashobora kuzana nabo. Nibyiza kugenzura imipaka nyayo mbere yo kwirinda ibibazo byose ukihagera. Iyo uvuye muri Alubaniya ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu kirere cyangwa mu nyanja, hashobora kubaho igenzura ry'umutekano ryakozwe n'abayobozi mbere yo kugenda. Iri genzura rigamije kurinda umutekano w'abagenzi kimwe no gukumira ibikorwa bitemewe nka magendu. Muri rusange: 1) Menya neza ko inyandiko zawe zingendo zemewe kandi zigezweho. 2) Menyera ibisabwa na viza ukurikije ubwenegihugu bwawe. 3) Menyesha ibintu byose neza mugihe unyuze muri gasutamo. 4) Irinde kuzana ibicuruzwa bibujijwe muri Alubaniya. 5) Menya amafaranga atishyurwa kubintu byawe bwite. 6) Gufatanya nabayobozi mugihe cyo kugenzura umutekano mbere yo kugenda. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko aya makuru ashobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe no guhindura amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza ya Alubaniya. Niyo mpamvu, buri gihe birasabwa kubaza amakuru yemewe nka Ambasade ya Alubaniya cyangwa Ambasade mbere yo kujya muri Alubaniya.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Alubaniya ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y’Uburayi gifite politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga. Sisitemu y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Alubaniya igamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu, kugenzura ubucuruzi, no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byinjira mu gihugu. Guverinoma ya Alubaniya ishyiraho ad valorem n'amahoro yihariye ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Imisoro ya valorem ibarwa nkijanisha ryagaciro ka gasutamo yibicuruzwa, mugihe imirimo yihariye ishyirwaho kumafaranga yagenwe kuri buri gice cyangwa uburemere. Ibiciro byamahoro biratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe muri Alubaniya gishobora kuva kuri 0% kugeza kuri 15%. Icyakora, inzego zimwe zingenzi zishobora kandi kugabanywa imisoro yagabanijwe cyangwa zeru kugira ngo iteze imbere ubukungu no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Usibye imisoro rusange yatumijwe mu mahanga, hashobora kwishyurwa andi mahoro ku bintu bimwe na bimwe nk'umusoro ku musoro cyangwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA). Umusoro ku musoro ukoreshwa ku bicuruzwa nka alcool, ibikomoka ku itabi, n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro usanzwe usabwa ku biciro bitandukanye (ubusanzwe hafi 20%) ku bicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga keretse bisonewe n'amategeko. Kugirango hamenyekane agaciro gasoreshwa ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no kubara imisoro ikoreshwa na gasutamo, abayobozi ba gasutamo ya Alubaniya bakurikiza imigenzo mpuzamahanga ishingiye ku gaciro k’ubucuruzi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kugereranya ibicuruzwa byagaragajwe n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku isi nk’amasezerano yo guha agaciro gasutamo ya WTO. Abatumiza muri Alubaniya basabwa kubahiriza inzira zikenewe zirimo gutanga amakuru nyayo kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Kudakurikiza aya mabwiriza birashobora kuvamo ihazabu cyangwa ibindi bihano byashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. Ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Alubaniya bwumva neza politiki mbere yo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Kugisha inama serivisi zinzobere mu bijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bishobora gutanga ubufasha n’ubuyobozi bitagereranywa muri iki gikorwa.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Alubaniya, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, cyashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bw’imisoro ku buntu ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Alubaniya ishishikariza kandi ishyigikira ibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nk'uburyo bwo kuzamura ubukungu n'iterambere. Politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Alubaniya yashyizweho kugira ngo itange uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ubwa mbere, nta musoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ushyirwa ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Iki cyemezo gifasha abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze guhangana neza kumasoko mpuzamahanga kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma itanga inkunga n’ishoramari ry’imari yibanda cyane cyane ku nganda zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Izi nkunga zigamije kuzamura ubushobozi bwo guhangana no gutanga umusaruro ari nako dushishikariza ishoramari ry’amahanga muri izi nzego. Byongeye kandi, Abanyalubaniya bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bungukirwa n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ibihugu byinshi, nk’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), abemerera kugera kuri aya masoko ku giciro cyagabanijwe cyangwa zero. Byongeye kandi, Alubaniya yakoze mu koroshya inzira za gasutamo kugira ngo byoroherezwe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga neza kandi neza. Itangizwa rya sisitemu ya gasutamo ya elegitoronike ryoroheje gutunganya inyandiko no kugabanya impapuro zisabwa kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Alubaniya ikomeje guharanira guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bijyanye no gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Iterambere ririmo kuzamura imihanda, ibyambu, ibibuga byindege, hamwe numuyoboro wa gari ya moshi bigira uruhare runini mukugabanya ibiciro byubwikorezi bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu gusoza, Alubaniya itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze binyuze muri politiki y’imisoro. Mugusonera ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze mumisoro ku nyongeragaciro no gutanga inkunga hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwa gasutamo; igamije guteza imbere ubukungu mu kuzamura ibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu nzego nyinshi
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Alubaniya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi, gihana imbibi na Montenegro, Kosovo, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru, n'Ubugereki. Ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 3. Alubaniya izwiho imiterere itandukanye, harimo imisozi miremire ya Alubaniya n’inyanja nziza cyane ku nyanja ya Adriatike na Iyoniya. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Alubaniya, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Ubwa mbere, Alubaniya ni umunyamuryango w’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO) kuva mu 2000. Uyu munyamuryango utanga ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byo muri Alubaniya ku masoko y’isi ku buryo bwiza kandi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Icya kabiri, guverinoma ya Alubaniya yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zo koroshya uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no kugabanya impapuro ku bucuruzi. Izi gahunda zigamije kuzamura ubucuruzi no guteza imbere ubukungu. Icya gatatu, abohereza ibicuruzwa muri Alubaniya bagomba kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ku bicuruzwa byabo. Ibi birashobora kubamo kubona ibyemezo nka ISO (International Organization for Standardization), byerekana ko isosiyete ikurikiza imikorere myiza yinganda mubijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga neza. Usibye ibyo bisabwa rusange, ibyemezo byihariye byoherezwa hanze birashobora gukenerwa bitewe nimiterere yibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Urugero: 1. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga: Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi ya Alubaniya irashobora gusaba ibyemezo bya phytosanitarike byemeza ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi bitarimo udukoko n'indwara. 2. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibiribwa gishobora gutanga ibyemezo byemeza kubahiriza amategeko y’umutekano w’ibiribwa. 3. Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: Ikigo cyemeza imyenda kigenzura niba cyujuje ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa mbere yo gutanga ibyemezo bijyanye. 4. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byoherezwa mu mahanga: Ibicuruzwa bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) nka CE biranga umutekano w’amashanyarazi mbere yo koherezwa mu mahanga. Nibyiza ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Alubaniya bagisha inama inzego za leta zibishinzwe cyangwa bagasaba ubufasha mumashyirahamwe ateza imbere ubucuruzi mugihe bagendeye kumiterere yibyemezo byibyoherezwa hanze. Muri rusange, mugihe hubahirijwe ibisabwa bitandukanye byo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze birashobora kwerekana imbogamizi kubucuruzi bwa Alubaniya bashaka kwagura isoko ryabo kwisi yose; mu kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Alubaniya barashobora kwemeza ubwiza n’umutekano by’ibicuruzwa byabo kandi bakunguka isoko mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Alubaniya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, ni igihugu gifite amahirwe menshi yo gutanga ibikoresho no gutwara abantu. Hano haribisabwa guhitamo ibikoresho muri Alubaniya. 1. Ibyambu no kohereza mu nyanja: Alubaniya ifite ibyambu byinshi byorohereza ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja. Icyambu cya Durres nicyo cyambu kinini mu gihugu kandi gikora ubwinshi bw'imizigo. Itanga serivisi zizewe kubitumizwa no kohereza hanze, bikora nk'irembo ryinjira mu Burayi bwo hagati no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. 2. Imizigo yo mu kirere: Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Tirana (Nënë Tereza) n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga muri Alubaniya, gitanga serivisi z’imizigo y’indege ahantu hatandukanye ku isi. Ikibuga cy’indege gifite ibikorwa remezo bigezweho n’ibikorwa bikora neza, bituma imikorere myiza y’amasosiyete y’ibikoresho atumiza cyangwa yohereza ibicuruzwa binyuze mu bwikorezi bwo mu kirere. 3. Gutwara umuhanda: Umuyoboro w’imihanda muri Alubaniya wateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize, bituma ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda ari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu bikoresho by’igihugu. Isosiyete ikora amakamyo yizewe itanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu mu gihugu no mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye mu turere dutandukanye two muri Alubaniya cyangwa mu bihugu duturanye nka Kosovo, Montenegro, Makedoniya, Ubugereki, cyangwa Turukiya. 4. Gutwara gari ya moshi: Nubwo gahunda ya gari ya moshi idateye imbere cyane muri Alubaniya ugereranije n’ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu, irashobora gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byihariye bikenerwa mu gihugu cyangwa se guhuza ibihugu bituranye nka Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru cyangwa Ubugereki. 5. Ibikoresho byo kubika: Ububiko bwinshi buraboneka muri Alubaniya bwujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye mububiko kuva mugihe gito kugeza igihe kirekire kubisubizo byibicuruzwa mbere yo kugabura cyangwa gutwara ibindi. 6. Kwemeza gasutamo: Uburyo bwa gasutamo bugira uruhare runini mugihe cyo gutumiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mumahanga ya Alubaniya. Gukoresha abashinzwe ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo bafite ubuhanga bujyanye n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Alubaniya bituma inzira zoroha mu kugabanya ubukererwe bwo gutunganya ibyangombwa kuri buri mupaka. 7. Abatanga ibikoresho: Abatanga serivisi nyinshi zizewe bakorera muri Alubaniya bahuza ubu buryo bwose bwo gutwara abantu twavuze haruguru hamwe na serivisi zongerewe agaciro nka sisitemu yo gucunga ibarura hamwe n’ibisubizo byatanzwe bikenerwa mu bucuruzi bwihariye. Iyo usuzumye serivisi y'ibikoresho muri Alubaniya, ni ngombwa gufatanya n'abashinzwe kwizerwa bafite uburambe ku isoko rya Alubaniya kandi bagasobanukirwa amabwiriza yaho hamwe na gasutamo. Ibi bizafasha gutwara ibicuruzwa neza kandi byizewe mugihe hagabanijwe ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Alubaniya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi bw’Uburayi, itanga inzira n’amasoko mpuzamahanga y’amasoko n’imurikagurisha ku bucuruzi bushaka kwagura isoko ryabo. Nubwo ari igihugu gito, Alubaniya itanga amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi nubucuruzi. Imwe mu nzira zikomeye zitanga amasoko muri Alubaniya ni imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Tirana (TIF). Iri murika ngarukamwaka rikurura abaguzi banyuranye baturutse mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ubwubatsi, ingufu, ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, ubukerarugendo, n'ibindi. TIF itanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi mugihe byorohereza imikoranire ya B2B. Byongeye kandi, ikora nk'amahirwe meza yo kumenya imigendekere yisoko no kubaka amasano hamwe nabaguzi. Irindi murika rizwi cyane muri Alubaniya ni imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Durres (DIF). Nka kimwe mu bintu byingenzi byabereye mu karere k’inyanja y’igihugu, DIF ikurura ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga bwibanda ku nzego nk’ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo, gutunganya ibiribwa, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi n’ibindi. Imurikagurisha ritanga inzira y’amasosiyete guhuza imiyoboro n’ingenzi abafatanyabikorwa muri izi nganda mugihe bashakisha ubufatanye bwubucuruzi cyangwa amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko. Byongeye kandi, Vlora Industrial Park (VIP) ni irindi huriro rigaragara ku masosiyete ashaka iterambere binyuze mu masoko mpuzamahanga muri Alubaniya. VIP itanga serivisi zuzuye zirimo gahunda ziterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bifite umutekano hamwe na gahunda yo gutera inkunga ishoramari ryorohereza abashoramari b’abanyamahanga kwinjira ku isoko rya Alubaniya batanga ibibanza byeguriwe ibikorwa by’inganda gusa. Byongeye kandi, Kukes Industrial Park (KIP) itanga amahirwe atandukanye kubafatanyabikorwa b’ubucuruzi b’amahanga bashishikajwe cyane cyane n’inganda zifite ubuhanga buke mu gukora cyane nko gukora imyenda / imyenda n'ibindi. inganda ziteranya ngaho cyane cyane yibanda kumasoko yuburayi. Usibye ibi bikoresho cyangwa uturere byihariye, akarere k'ubucuruzi ka Tirana gafite ubucuruzi bukora nk'ihuriro rikuru rikurura imishinga mishya y'ubucuruzi ikunze guhagararirwa n'abadipolomate cyangwa amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ashyiraho ibiro by'akarere aho. Kubera umurwa mukuru, Tirana kandi ikora inama nyinshi, amahugurwa, imurikagurisha ryihariye ry'inganda umwaka n'abantu ku giti cyabo bashaka gushiraho umubano wubucuruzi cyangwa kugura ibicuruzwa bya Alubaniya murwego runini barashobora gusanga ibyabaye ari ingirakamaro. Mu gusoza, Alubaniya itanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha kubucuruzi bugamije kwinjira cyangwa kwagura isoko. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Tirana, imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Durres, Pariki y’inganda ya Vlora, Parike y’inganda ya Kukes hamwe n’inama n’amahugurwa atandukanye yabereye muri Tirana bitanga inzira ku baguzi mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bahuze n’abatanga Alubaniya. Izi mbuga zorohereza imiyoboro, gushakisha amahirwe yubucuruzi no gupima imigendekere yisoko mubice nkubwubatsi, ingufu, ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo nibindi.
Muri Alubaniya, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. Google: moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ikoreshwa kwisi yose, Google ikoreshwa cyane muri Alubaniya. Irashobora kuboneka kuri www.google.al. 2. Shqiperia: Iyi ni moteri ishakisha yo muri Alubaniya ishakisha yibanda ku gutanga ibikubiyemo na serivisi zikoreshwa mu rurimi rwa Alubaniya. Urashobora kuyisanga kuri www.shqiperia.com. 3. Gazeta. Reba kuri www.gazeta.al. 4. Bing: moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft Bing nayo irazwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa muri Alubaniya mugushakisha urubuga. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri www.bing.com. 5. Yahoo!: Yahoo! Gushakisha nubundi buryo bukunzwe mubakoresha interineti muri Alubaniya kugirango ubone amakuru kumurongo. Sura urubuga kuri www.yahoo.com kugirango ukoreshe moteri yabo ishakisha. 6 Shakisha byinshi kubyerekeye kuri www.orion-telekom.rs/rruge/. 7.Allbananas.net：Urubuga rwaho rwo muri Alubaniya rutanga amakuru hamwe nibikorwa byayo byo gushakisha bigufasha gucukumbura amakuru yamakuru aheruka ajyanye ninsanganyamatsiko zitandukanye mububiko bwayo (www.allbananas.net). Izi ni zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Alubaniya aho abantu bashobora kubona amakuru ajyanye nibyifuzo byabo.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Alubaniya ni igihugu gito, cyiza giherereye mu karere ka Balkans k'Uburayi. Azwiho amateka akomeye, ahantu nyaburanga, no kwakira abashyitsi. Dore bimwe mubikuru byingenzi byurupapuro rwumuhondo muri Alubaniya: 1) Urupapuro rwumuhondo Alubaniya: Ubu ni ububiko bwemewe kumurongo wubucuruzi na serivisi muri Alubaniya. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri www.urubuga.al. 2) Kliko.al: Ubundi bubiko buzwi kumurongo butanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi mubyiciro bitandukanye. Urubuga ni www.kliko.al. 3) Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwo muri Alubaniya: Ububiko buzwi butanga amakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi, amashyirahamwe, na serivisi rusange muri Alubaniya. Urashobora kuyisanga kuri www.yellowpages.com.al. 4) GoShtepi: Ubu bubiko bwibanze cyane cyane kurutonde rwimitungo itimukanwa nk'amagorofa, amazu, hamwe n'ibiro biboneka mu turere dutandukanye twa Alubaniya. Sura kuri www.goshtepi.com kugirango umenye ibyo batanze. 5) BiznesInfo.AL: Ni urubuga rwa interineti ruhuza ubucuruzi nabashobora kuba abakiriya batanga amakuru kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa na serivisi zitangwa muri Alubaniya. Ihuza ryurubuga ni www.biznesinfo.al. 6) Shqiperia.com: Uru rubuga rukora nkurubuga rwamakuru ndetse nububiko bwubucuruzi butanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye ibigo bikorera mumirenge itandukanye muri Alubaniya. Urashobora gushakisha ukoresheje urutonde rwabo kuri www.shqiperia.com/ubucuruzi. Ububiko butanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye nka resitora, amahoteri, ibigo byubucuruzi, ibitaro / amavuriro, ibigo byubukerarugendo, serivisi zitwara abantu, nibindi, bituma abakoresha bahuza byoroshye nabatanga serivisi cyangwa ibigo bifuza. Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe aribwo bubiko bukomeye bwurupapuro rwumuhondo muri Alubaniya uyumunsi (nkurikije ubumenyi bwanjye), hashobora kuba hari ubundi buyobozi bwakarere cyangwa inganda bwihariye buboneka bitewe nibyo ukeneye cyangwa aho uri mugihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Alubaniya, igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, cyabonye iterambere ry’urubuga rwa interineti mu myaka yashize. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Alubaniya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Udhëzon: Iyi ni imwe mu mbuga nini zo guhaha kuri interineti muri Alubaniya zitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imideri, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n'ibindi. Urubuga: www.udhezon.com 2. GjirafaMall: GjirafaMall ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rugaragara rutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biva mubyiciro bitandukanye nk'imyenda, ibicuruzwa byiza, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibikoresho byo murugo. Urubuga: www.gjirafamall.com 3. Jumia Alubaniya: Jumia ni urubuga mpuzamahanga rwa e-ubucuruzi rukorera mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika ndetse na Alubaniya. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva kuri electronics kugeza kumyambarire nibicuruzwa byiza. Urubuga: www.jumia.al 4. ShopiMarket: ShopiMarket yibanda ku gutanga ibiribwa n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo binyuze muri serivisi zo gutumiza no gutanga serivisi mu mijyi itandukanye yo muri Alubaniya. Urubuga: www.shopimarket.al 5. Ububiko bwa Prestige Online (POS): POS itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi byabaguzi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho, imyambaro, ibikoresho bya siporo haba kubitanga murugo cyangwa kubikura mububiko bwabo bwumubiri buherereye mumijyi minini yigihugu. Urubuga: 6.qeshja.tetovarit .com, kugurisha.AL 7.TreguEuropian.TVKosova Izi ni ingero nke gusa za e-ubucuruzi bukomeye bwa e-ubucuruzi bukorera muri Alubaniya ariko hashobora kubaho izindi mbuga zaho cyangwa zihariye zita kubibanza byihariye. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora kugira itandukaniro cyangwa kuvugurura URL zabo mugihe; ni byiza rero gukoresha moteri zishakisha ibisubizo nyabyo mugihe ugera kuriyi mbuga

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Alubaniya, igihugu giherereye muri Balkans, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n'abantu muri Alubaniya: 1. Facebook: Facebook nimbuga nkoranyambaga ikoreshwa cyane muri Alubaniya. Abantu barayikoresha mugutumanaho, gusangira amafoto na videwo, no guhuza inshuti nimiryango. Ibigo byinshi nabyo bikomeza kuboneka kuri Facebook. Urubuga: www.facebook.com 2. Instagram: Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto ruzwi cyane muri Alubaniya, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Abakoresha barashobora guhindura no gusangira amafoto na videwo hamwe nabayoboke babo. Urubuga: www.instagram.com 3. Twitter: Twitter nayo irazwi cyane muri Alubaniya, aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi cyangwa tweet kubayoboke babo. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugusangira amakuru agezweho, ibitekerezo, no kwishora mubiganiro. Urubuga: www.twitter.com 4. LinkedIn: LinkedIn imaze kumenyekana nkurubuga rwumwuga muri Alubaniya mumyaka mike ishize. Abantu barayikoresha kugirango bahuze nababigize umwuga baturutse mu nganda zitandukanye kandi berekane ubuhanga bwabo nuburambe. Urubuga: www.linkedin.com 5. TikTok: TikTok ni porogaramu igenda ikundwa cyane no gusangira amashusho mu rubyiruko rwo muri Alubaniya aho abakoresha bashobora gukora amashusho magufi yashyizwe ku muziki cyangwa amashusho y’amajwi. Urubuga / porogaramu yo gukuramo: www.tiktok.com 6. Snapchat: Snapchat yemerera abakoresha gusangira amafoto na videwo bizimira nyuma yigihe cyagenwe (mubisanzwe amasegonda). Irazwi cyane mubyangavu kubera gushungura kwayo ninkuru biranga. Urubuga / porogaramu yo gukuramo: www.snapchat.com 7.Viber / Intumwa / WhatsApp / Telegramu - Izi porogaramu zohererezanya ubutumwa zikoreshwa cyane n’Abanyalubaniya mu kohereza ubutumwa bugufi, guhamagara amajwi, guhamagara kuri videwo ndetse no gusangira inyandiko nk'amashusho cyangwa dosiye. 8.YouTube - YouTube ntabwo igamije imyidagaduro gusa ahubwo itanga n'ibirimo uburezi kubintu bitandukanye bishimishije. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Alubaniya; icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko urutonde rushobora guhinduka uko urubuga rushya rugaragara kandi rukamenyekana.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Alubaniya ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi. Nubwo ari igihugu gito, gifite inganda nimirenge bitandukanye bigira uruhare mubukungu bwacyo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Alubaniya: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki yo muri Alubaniya (AAB) - AAB ihagarariye amabanki y’ubucuruzi n’ibigo by’imari muri Alubaniya, bigamije guteza imbere iterambere n’umutekano by’urwego rw’amabanki. Urubuga: https://www.aab.al/ 2. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi rwo muri Alubaniya (ABC) - ABC ni ishyirahamwe ryigenga rishyigikira kandi riteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi muri Alubaniya, ritanga amahirwe yo guhuza no guharanira politiki nziza y’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://www.albusinesschamber.org/ 3. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Tirana (CCIT) - CCIT ikora nk’umuryango uhagarariye ibigo bifite icyicaro i Tirana, byorohereza umubano w’ubucuruzi haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. Urubuga: https://www.cciatirana.al/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ryamasosiyete yubwubatsi ya Alubaniya (ASCA) - ASCA ihagarariye ibigo byubwubatsi bigira uruhare mubikorwa remezo, inyubako, nimishinga ijyanye nayo muri Alubaniya. Urubuga: http://asca-al.com/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Alubaniya (AITA) - AITA ni ishyirahamwe ry’inganda riteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho muri Alubaniya mu guharanira politiki nziza, guhanga udushya, n'amahirwe yo guhugura. Urubuga: https://aita-al.org/ 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’ingufu za Alubaniya (AEA) - Nka shyirahamwe rikomeye rijyanye n’ingufu muri Alubaniya, AEA ihagarariye imiryango igira uruhare mu gukora, gukwirakwiza, no gucunga umutungo w’ingufu mu gihugu. Urubuga: http://aea-al.com/Abanyalubaniya-Ingufu-Ishyirahamwe/ 7. Ihuriro ry’inganda zo muri Alubaniya (AFI) - AFI ikora nk'itsinda ryunganira uhagarariye inganda zitandukanye nk'inganda, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ndetse n'ubucukuzi bukorera mu mbibi z'igihugu. Urubuga: http://afi.al/index.php/sq/urugo-sq 8. Akanama gashinzwe ubuhinzi muri Alubaniya (AAC) - AAC ihagarariye inyungu z’inzego z’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi, ihuza abahinzi, abatunganya ibicuruzwa, n’abacuruzi kugira ngo bateze imbere iterambere rirambye muri urwo rwego. Urubuga: http://www.aac-al.org/ Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe yinganda muri Alubaniya. Buri shyirahamwe rifite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira no guhagararira inzego zabo, guteza imbere iterambere n’ubucuruzi mu gihugu.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari imbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Alubaniya: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ishoramari rya Alubaniya (AIDA) - Urubuga rwemewe rwa AIDA rutanga amakuru ku mahirwe y’ishoramari, ikirere cy’ubucuruzi, n’iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Alubaniya. Urubuga: https://aida.gov.al/en 2. Minisiteri y’Imari n’Ubukungu - Uru rubuga rutanga ibisobanuro kuri politiki y’ubukungu, amabwiriza y’imari, hamwe n’ishoramari muri Alubaniya. Urubuga: http://www.financa.gov.al/en/ 3. Banki ya Alubaniya - Urubuga rwa banki nkuru rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ifaranga, raporo z’imari y’imari, hamwe n’imibare ijyanye n’ubukungu bwa Alubaniya. Urubuga: https://www.bankofalbania.org/ 4. Gushora imari muri Alubaniya - Uru rubuga rugamije korohereza ishoramari ritaziguye ritanga amakuru yuzuye ku nzego, amategeko, nuburyo bwo gukora ubucuruzi muri Alubaniya. Urubuga: http://invest-in-albania.org/ 5. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Tirana - Urubuga rwerekana serivisi zitandukanye zitangwa n’urugereko harimo raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, ingengabihe y’ubucuruzi n’amahirwe yo guhuza. Urubuga: https://kosova.ccitirana.org/ 6. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry’akarere (NARD) - Iki kigo cyibanze kuri gahunda z’iterambere ry’akarere mu guteza imbere ishoramari binyuze mu bufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera. Urubuga: http://www.akrn.gov.al/ Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubyerekeye amahirwe yishoramari, ubushishozi bwisoko hamwe nubuyobozi bukenewe mugukora ubucuruzi neza mubukungu bwa Alubaniya.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi ushobora gusangamo amakuru yubucuruzi kuri Alubaniya. Hano hari amahitamo make: 1. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kohereza no gushora imari: Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru kubyerekeye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva muri Alubaniya, harimo amakuru yihariye y’umurenge hamwe n’imibare y’ubucuruzi. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri https://www.invest-in-albania.org/. 2. Ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo ya Alubaniya: Uru rubuga rutanga serivisi zitandukanye zijyanye n’ubucuruzi, harimo kubona imisoro ya gasutamo, uburyo bwo gutumiza mu mahanga / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, hamwe n’imibare y’ubucuruzi muri Alubaniya. Urubuga ruraboneka kuri http://www.dogana.gov.al/. 3. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS ni data base yuzuye ibungabungwa na Banki yisi yemerera abakoresha kubona imibare yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwibicuruzwa, harimo nibya Alubaniya. Urashobora gusanga amakuru yubucuruzi ya Alubaniya kururu rubuga kuri https://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/WITS/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx. 4. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC): ITC itanga ibikoresho byo gusesengura isoko n’imibare y’ubucuruzi ku bihugu byo ku isi, harimo na Alubaniya. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru arambuye kubafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mubucuruzi, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa, gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, nibindi, ushobora kubisanga kuri https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TR.aspx?nvpm=1%7c008%7c%7c%7cTOTAL + URUGENDO + DATA || & en = ukuri & cc = 8 & rwhat = 2. Nyamuneka menya ko zimwe mururu rubuga zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa izindi ntambwe zo kugera kububiko bwuzuye cyangwa ibiranga.

B2b

Muri Alubaniya, hari urubuga rwa B2B (Business-to-Business) ruboneka rwita ku nganda n’imirenge itandukanye. Izi mbuga zorohereza ubucuruzi n’imikoranire hagati yubucuruzi mu gihugu. Dore urutonde rwibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bya B2B muri Alubaniya: 1. Ububiko bwubucuruzi bwa Alubaniya: Uru rubuga rukora nkubuyobozi bwuzuye bwubucuruzi bukorera muri Alubaniya. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye kandi igahuza abaguzi nabatanga isoko. Urubuga: www.albania-ubucuruzi.com 2. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwo muri Alubaniya (ACCI): ACCI itanga urubuga rwa interineti kubucuruzi bwo guhuza, gukorana, no gukorana hagati yabo binyuze mubuyobozi bwabanyamuryango. Ihuriro ritanga amahirwe yubucuruzi, ibikorwa byubucuruzi, na raporo zinganda. Urubuga: www.cci.al 3. BizAlbania: BizAlbania ni umuyoboro wa interineti ugamije guca icyuho hagati y’abaguzi n’abatanga ibicuruzwa bitanga igitabo cy’ubucuruzi cyashyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe inganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, ubukerarugendo, n'ibindi .. Byemerera ibigo gukora imyirondoro yerekana ibicuruzwa byayo / serivisi kubakiriya / abafatanyabikorwa bashaka itangwa ryihariye mumasoko ya Alubaniya. 4. Shakisha isoko rya Shqipëria: Uru rubuga rwa B2B rwibanda ku kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri Alubaniya uhuza abakora ibicuruzwa mu gihugu / abagurisha n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga / abatumiza mu mahanga baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo imyenda / imyambaro, gutunganya ibiryo / ibinyobwa, ubukorikori / gukora ibihangano n'ibindi .. Urubuga: isoko.exploreshqiperia.com 5. Tradekey Alubaniya: Tradekey nisoko rya B2B kwisi yose kandi rifite igice cyihariye kubucuruzi bwa Alubaniya bashaka amahirwe yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga cyangwa ubufatanye nabatanga ibicuruzwa / abaguzi bo mumahanga mu nganda nyinshi kuva kuri electronics, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugeza imiti n’ibikorwa bya plastiki nibindi. 6.Ibikoresho bya AlbChrome Ihuza- AlbChrome Ihuza ni e-porogaramu ikora hagati yiterambere ryakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’ishami ry’ubucuruzi rya Albchrome ryibanda ku masosiyete mato acukura amabuye y'agaciro / ariko sibyo gusa / abaha amahirwe yo kugurisha ibyuma ku giciro cyo hejuru. Ihuriro ritanga gukorera mu mucyo, igipimo, igiciro cyo hejuru nigihe cyiza kubacukuzi bato bose bo muri Alubaniya. Urubuga: guhuza.albchrome.com Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kuboneka no gukundwa kwurubuga rwa B2B bishobora gutandukana mugihe, bityo rero birasabwa gukora ubushakashatsi no gushakisha andi masoko yamakuru agezweho kurubuga rwa B2B muri Alubaniya.
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