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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku Buholandi, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi. Nubwami bugendera ku itegekonshinga hamwe na Amsterdam nk'umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 41.543, ni kimwe mu bihugu bituwe cyane ku isi. Ubuholandi bufite amateka akomeye guhera mu kinyejana cya 16 ubwo bwagaragaye nk'igihugu cyiganje mu nyanja mu gihe cya Zahabu y'Ubuholandi. Azwiho ubucuruzi bukomeye n’ubwami bwa gikoloni, Ubuholandi bwagize uruhare runini mu mateka y’Uburayi. Igihugu gifite ibyiza nyaburanga hamwe na kimwe cya kane cyubuso bwacyo kiri munsi yinyanja. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda umwuzure, Ubuholandi bwubatsemo sisitemu nini y’imigezi. Umuyaga uzwi cyane wo mu Buholandi ni ibimenyetso byerekana ubu buhanga. Ubuholandi buzwi kwisi yose kuba ku isonga mu guhanga udushya no kwihangira imirimo. Ifite amasosiyete menshi y’amahanga kandi yateye imbere muri kimwe mu bihugu byambere ku isi bifite ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere cyane n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Umuco w'Abadage uratandukanye kandi uterwa nibintu bitandukanye byamateka. Abakunda ubuhanzi baza mu ngoro ndangamurage zizwi nka Van Gogh Museum na Rijksmuseum kugira ngo bashimire ibihangano byabahanzi bazwi nka Rembrandt van Rijn. Igihugu kandi cyakira ibirori byamabara nkumunsi wumwami (Koningsdag) aho umuhanda uba mwinshi nibirori. Byongeye kandi, Ubuholandi bukurikiza politiki y’imibereho igenda itera imbere nko kwemeza gushyingiranwa kw'abahuje ibitsina, guca burundu ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge mu myidagaduro, no guteza imbere ibikorwa birambye byibanda ku masoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nk’umuyaga. Usibye imijyi ifite imbaraga, Ubuholandi butanga icyaro cyiza cyuzuyemo imirima ya tulip ikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi buri mwaka mugihe cyizuba iyo izo ndabyo zimera neza. Muri rusange, Ubuholandi buhuza umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye hamwe niterambere rigezweho mugihe ukomeje kuba ikirangirire mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

Ifaranga ry’Ubuholandi ni Euro (€), ari naryo faranga ryemewe ry’ibindi bihugu byinshi bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Amayero agabanijwemo amafaranga 100. Nk’umunyamuryango wa Eurozone, Ubuholandi bukurikiza politiki imwe y’ifaranga yashyizweho na Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi iherereye i Frankfurt, mu Budage. Kuva yatangira amayero ku ya 1 Mutarama 2002, abategetsi b’Ubuholandi (ifaranga ryambere ry’igihugu) bahagaritse gutanga amasoko yemewe kandi ntibakiriwe ngo babone ibicuruzwa. Inzibacyuho yagenze neza kandi iteganijwe neza, amabanki ahana guilders kumayero mumyaka itari mike nyuma yo kuyishyiraho. Kuba Ubuholandi bwarakiriye amayero byoroheje ubucuruzi mu Burayi no koroshya ingendo kuko ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi bisangiye ifaranga rimwe. Itanga kandi ituze n’inyungu mu bukungu ikuraho ihindagurika ry’ivunjisha hagati y’ibihugu duturanye. Kuba kimwe mu bihugu bikize cyane mu Burayi, serivisi z’amabanki mu Buholandi zateye imbere cyane kandi neza. Amabanki akorera mu gihugu hose atanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byimari nko kugenzura konti, konti zo kuzigama, inguzanyo, hamwe ninguzanyo. Usibye amafaranga yumubiri mumibare yinoti ya Euro (5 €, 10 €, 20 € nibindi) cyangwa ibiceri (1 ku ijana kugeza 2 euro), uburyo bwo kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya buri munsi harimo amakarita yinguzanyo / ikarita yo kubikuza cyangwa ikarito ya digitale nka Apple Pay cyangwa Google Yishura. Amabanki yo kuri interineti arazwi cyane mubenegihugu b’Ubuholandi bashobora gucunga neza imari yabo murugo bakoresheje urubuga rwa interineti rwa interineti rutangwa na banki zabo. Muri rusange, hamwe no kwemeza ifaranga rusange ry’i Burayi - Euro - rifatanije n’ibikorwa remezo by’amabanki bigezweho no kwemera kwishura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga; Ubuholandi bwigaragaje nk'ubukungu bugezweho kandi bwishimira kwinjiza amafaranga mu Burayi.

Amasoko yemewe mu Buholandi ni Euro (EUR). Hasi hari igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja kwa amwe mumafaranga akomeye kwisi arwanya amayero (kubisobanuro gusa): Amadolari 1 ≈ 0.89 euro Ikiro 1 ≈ 1.18 euro 1 yen ≈ 0.0085 euro 1 Amafaranga ≈ 0.13 euro Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byagereranijwe ukurikije uko isoko ryifashe ubu kandi birashobora guhindagurika. Amakuru yukuri arashobora kuboneka mumabanki cyangwa kuvunjisha.

Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye mu Buholandi ni umunsi w’umwami, wizihizwa ku ya 27 Mata buri mwaka. Ni umunsi mukuru wigihugu kandi wizihiza isabukuru yumwami Willem-Alexander. Igihugu cyose kizima kizima hamwe nibirori bikomeye. Ku munsi w'Umwami, abantu bambara amacunga, agereranya umuryango wa cyami n'imiryango yabo - Inzu ya Orange-Nassau. Imihanda yuzuyemo amasoko yo hanze yiswe "vrijmarkten," aho abantu bagurisha ibicuruzwa byintoki kandi bishimira ibitaramo bya muzika. Amsterdam izwi cyane kubera ikirere cyiza ku munsi w'umwami. Umujyi uhinduka ibirori binini byo kumugaragaro, hamwe nibikorwa byumuhanda, imyigaragambyo yubwato kumugezi, hamwe nijoro berekana imiriro. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye mu Buholandi ni umunsi wo kwibohora cyangwa Bevrijdingsdag ku ya 5 Gicurasi. Bibuka kwibohora Abadage mu kwigarurira Ubudage mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu 1945. Hateguwe ibirori bitandukanye mu gihugu hose mu rwego rwo kubahiriza umudendezo no guha icyubahiro ababiharaniye. Ibirori byo Kwibohoza bibera mu mijyi itandukanye yo mu gihugu kandi bikagaragaramo ibitaramo byabahanzi bazwi bikurura imbaga nyamwinshi. Byongeye kandi, hari imurikagurisha, ibiganiro, kwerekana amafilime, hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kwibuka byakozwe umunsi wose kugirango twibuke iki gikorwa cyamateka. Noheri cyangwa Kerstmis nayo yizihizwa cyane mubuholandi nkumunsi mukuru wigihugu. Imiryango ihurira hamwe kugirango ihanahana impano munsi yibiti bya Noheri bitatse neza mugihe bishimira ibiryo. Umuhanda urimbishijwe amatara y'amabara meza n'imitako bitera umwuka ushyushye mumijyi yose. Umunsi mukuru wa Sinterklaas cyangwa Mutagatifu Nicholas ku ya 5 Ukuboza bifite akamaro gakomeye mu muco. Abana bategerezanyije amatsiko kuza kwa Sinterklaas bakoresheje ubwato bwavuye muri Espagne mbere yuko atanga impano hamwe na Zwarte Piet (Black Pete), umufasha we. Iyi minsi mikuru yerekana ibintu bitandukanye byumuco wu Buholandi mugihe uhuza abaturage binyuze mubirori bishimishije byerekana amateka n'imigenzo yabo

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku izina ry'Ubuholandi, ni igihugu cyateye imbere cyane giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi. Ifite ubukungu buhamye kandi bwuguruye bushingiye cyane ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kuba ubukungu bwa 17 ku isi mu bukungu, Ubuholandi bufite urwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mubyukuri, nikimwe mubihugu byingenzi byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu birimo imashini n'ibikoresho, imiti, lisansi (cyane cyane gaze gasanzwe), imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho, ndetse n'imiti. Ubuholandi bufite inyungu zishingiye ku turere tugira uruhare mu bucuruzi bukomeye. Ibyambu byayo bya Rotterdam na Amsterdam ni ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi hamwe n’uburyo bwo gutwara imigezi y’inyanja y'Amajyaruguru na Rhine. Ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byo gutwara abantu byorohereza ubucuruzi n’imihanda ihujwe neza n’umuyoboro w’ibikoresho bigezweho. Nubgo ari igihugu gito ugereranije nubutaka cyangwa abaturage ugereranije nabandi bakinnyi ku isi, nk'Ubushinwa cyangwa Ubudage, Ubuholandi bukomeje kwitwara neza ku masoko y’ubucuruzi ku isi kubera ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, inganda zishingiye ku guhanga udushya nka tekinoloji na serivisi z’ubuhanga. (urugero ASML), hamwe nurwego rukomeye rwimari (Isoko ryimigabane rya Amsterdam). Byongeye kandi, Abadage bazwi cyane kubera ubuhanga bwabo mu byoherezwa mu buhinzi. Igihugu gifite imirima minini aho itanga umusaruro w’amata meza cyane nka foromaje n’amata hamwe n’ibicuruzwa by’indabyo nkindabyo (cyane cyane tulip) zishakishwa ku isi. Kubijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga, nubwo bitamenyekanye cyane kuruta ibyoherezwa mu mahanga; ibikoresho fatizo nka peteroli; imashini zinganda; ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki; ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi; ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu nkimodoka nibisanzwe bitumizwa mu mahanga byemerera ubucuruzi bwu Buholandi kongera ingufu mu nganda zabo mu gihe byujuje ibyifuzo by’imbere mu gihugu. Muri rusange, ukoresheje ibyiza by’akarere hiyongereyeho gushyira imbere inganda zishingiye ku guhanga udushya hamwe no gukomeza umubano ukomeye ku masoko akomeye ku isi; harimo ibihugu byo mu Burayi ariko no mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika & Amerika byafashije gushyira iki gihugu gito ariko gikomeye "Ubuholandi" mu bacuruzi bakomeye ku isi bashimangira ubuziranenge butanga umusaruro ushimishije mu bucuruzi uko umwaka utashye.

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku izina ry'Ubuholandi, ni igihugu kiri mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi. Hamwe n’ahantu heza h’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi bwiza, Ubuholandi bufite amahirwe akomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Ubuholandi bufite gahunda y'ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere harimo ibyambu byo ku isi nka Rotterdam na Amsterdam. Ibyo byambu ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’ibikoresho byo ku isi, ku buryo byorohereza ibicuruzwa gutwarwa mu Burayi ndetse no hanze yarwo. Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro mwiza wo gutwara abantu mu gihugu ugizwe n’imihanda minini na gari ya moshi birorohereza kugera mu bihugu bituranye n’amasoko. Icya kabiri, ubukungu bwu Buholandi buzwiho gufungura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubuholandi bufite imwe mu nzego zo hejuru z’ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) ku isi kubera ibihe byiza by’ishoramari. Uku gufungura gutanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwamahanga bashaka kwaguka kumasoko yuburayi kimwe no gushyiraho ubufatanye namasosiyete yu Buholandi. Byongeye kandi, Ubuholandi bukora nk'ikigo gikomeye cyo gukwirakwiza mu Burayi kubera ibikoresho by’ububiko byateye imbere ndetse na sisitemu yo gucunga neza amasoko. Itanga amahirwe meza kumasosiyete yamahanga akorera mumirenge nka logistique cyangwa kugabura. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma y’Ubuholandi iteza imbere guhanga udushya no kwihangira imirimo binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye bishyigikira gutangiza n’inganda zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga. Uku kwiyemeza guhanga udushya bituma ibigo mu nzego nk’inganda zikorana buhanga cyangwa ibisubizo by’ingufu zishobora kongera iterambere mu bidukikije bifasha ibitekerezo n’ikoranabuhanga rishya. Byongeye kandi, icyongereza cyamamaye cyane mubenegihugu b’Ubuholandi bigatuma byorohereza ubucuruzi bw’amahanga gushyikirana neza n’abafatanyabikorwa baho cyangwa abakiriya badafite imbogamizi z’ururimi. Mu gusoza, hamwe n’ahantu heza h’ibanze mu Burayi hamwe na gahunda z’ibikorwa remezo bihujwe neza na politiki ishyigikira ubucuruzi bushigikira ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga; iherekejwe na ecosystem ishigikira guteza imbere udushya; Ubuholandi bufite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko mu rwego rwo kwagura amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyangwa gushinga ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi muri ubu bukungu bukomeye.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Buholandi, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Hano hari inama zo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bifite ubushobozi bwo kugurisha: 1. Ubushakashatsi bwisoko: Kora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kumasoko yu Buholandi kugirango umenye ibyiciro nibicuruzwa bizwi. Wige ibyo abaguzi bakunda, imbaraga zo kugura, nibintu byumuco bigira ingaruka kubyemezo byo kugura. 2. Wibande ku bwiza: Abaguzi b’Abaholandi baha agaciro ubuziranenge nigihe kirekire. Hitamo ibicuruzwa bifite ibikoresho byiza kandi byubukorikori kugirango ukurura abakiriya bashyira imbere kugura igihe kirekire kandi kirambye. 3. Ibicuruzwa birambye: Ubuholandi bwibanda cyane ku buryo burambye no kumenya ibidukikije. Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije cyangwa bikozwe mubikoresho bitunganijwe neza birashobora kugira inyungu zo guhatanira isoko. 4. Ubuzima n’ubuzima bwiza: Tekereza gutanga ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima cyangwa ibinyabuzima kuko abaguzi b’Ubuholandi bashyira imbere ubuzima bwiza kandi bagaharanira ubuzima bwiza. 5. Ibicuruzwa bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga: Ubuholandi buzwiho sosiyete ikora ibijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa bijyanye nikoranabuhanga nkibikoresho byurugo byubwenge, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bishya birashobora gukurura ibitekerezo byiki gice cyize tekinoloji. 6. Ibintu byerekana imyambarire: Imyambarire igira uruhare runini mumico yu Buholandi, bityo guhitamo imyenda yimyambarire igezweho, ibikoresho, cyangwa imiterere idasanzwe yimyambarire irashobora gutsinda muri iri soko. 7.Kwegera ubuhinzi: Kubera ubuhinzi bugaragara cyane mu Buholandi, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga nk'ibikomoka ku mata (foromaje), indabyo (tulip), imbuto (pome), cyangwa imboga bishobora kuba inyungu kuko ibyo bintu bifite agaciro k'ikigereranyo mu muco w'igihugu. 8.Ihinduka ryibyifuzo byaho: Tekereza guhuza ibicuruzwa byawe ukurikije uburyohe bwaho mugihe ukomeza ubujurire mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, shyiramo uburyohe bwakunzwe nabaguzi b’Ubuholandi mugihe winjiza ibiryo biva mu biryo bitandukanye ku isoko ryabo. 9.E-Ubucuruzi Amahirwe: Hamwe na e-ubucuruzi butera imbere kwisi yose kubera COVID-19 yabujijwe kububiko bwibicuruzwa bifatika; shakisha urubuga rwa interineti nka Bol.com - imwe mu mbuga nini za e-ubucuruzi bw’iburayi - kugurisha ibicuruzwa wahisemo neza. 10. Isesengura ry'abanywanyi: Wige amarushanwa ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi bwo mu Buholandi. Menya ibirango byatsinze nibicuruzwa byabo byatoranijwe kugirango ubone ubumenyi kubisabwa ku isoko kandi ushireho ibicuruzwa byawe bwite muburyo bwiza. Wibuke, guhora ukurikirana imigendekere yisoko, ibyo abaguzi bakunda, hamwe nisesengura ryapiganwa ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze gutsinda ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Buholandi.

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku Bwami bw'Ubuholandi, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi. Ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 17 kandi izwi cyane kuri tulip, imashini yumuyaga, imiyoboro, na politiki yubuntu. Iyo bigeze kubiranga abakiriya babo, abaholandi muri rusange bazwiho kuba bavugana kandi bafunguye. Baha agaciro ubunyangamugayo kandi bashima itumanaho risobanutse kandi ryumvikana nta fluff ikabije cyangwa gukubita igihuru. Imikorere nayo ihabwa agaciro cyane mubikorwa byabo byubucuruzi. Kubijyanye no gukora ubucuruzi nabo, kubahiriza igihe ningirakamaro kuko baha agaciro cyane gucunga igihe. Gutinda mu nama cyangwa kubonana bishobora kubonwa ko ari agasuzuguro cyangwa umwuga. Burigihe nibyiza kuhagera mugihe cyangwa iminota mike hakiri kare. Ubusanzwe Abaholandi barateguwe kandi biteguye neza mubijyanye nubucuruzi. Bashima ubushakashatsi bunoze kandi bategereje ko bagenzi babo bamenya ubumenyi bwamasosiyete yabo, ibicuruzwa / serivisi zitangwa, amarushanwa ku isoko, nibindi. Kubijyanye na kirazira cyangwa amarangamutima yumuco: 1. Irinde kuganira kubibazo byawe keretse mugenzi wawe wu Buholandi atangiye ingingo nkiyi. 2. Iyobokamana rigomba kwirindwa muri rusange kubera ko Ubuholandi bufite abaturage batandukanye bafite imyizerere itandukanye / idahwitse. 3. Ntugatange ibitekerezo bibi kubyerekeye umuryango wibwami cyangwa ibimenyetso byose byigihugu / abanyapolitiki kuko bifite akamaro kanini mumico yu Buholandi. 4. Irinde ibiganiro bito cyane mbere yo kujya mubucuruzi; irashobora kubonwa nko guta igihe aho kubaka rapport. 5. Politiki irashobora kuganirwaho ariko igomba gukorwa kububaha no kwiyumvisha ibintu bitewe n'ibitekerezo bitandukanye mubantu kimwe nibindi bihugu. Muri rusange, gukomeza ubunyamwuga mugihe utaziguye ariko wubaha bizagera kure mugihe ukorana nabakiriya baturutse mubuholandi.

Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo no kwirinda mu Buholandi Ubuholandi, igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba bw’Uburayi, gifite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga gasutamo. Ishami rya gasutamo mu gihugu, rizwi ku izina rya gasutamo y'Ubuholandi (Douane), rishinzwe kugenzura no kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mbibi zabyo. Gasutamo y’Ubuholandi yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba nyinshi zo kwambuka imipaka neza kandi ikemura ibibazo by’umutekano. Kimwe muri ibyo bipimo ni ugukoresha sisitemu yikoranabuhanga igezweho hagamijwe kugenzura. Izi sisitemu zirimo scaneri zishobora kumenya ibintu bitemewe, harimo ibiyobyabwenge n'intwaro. Kugira ngo ukurikize amabwiriza ya gasutamo mu Buholandi, ni ngombwa kumenya ingamba zimwe na zimwe n'ibisabwa igihe winjiye cyangwa uva mu gihugu. Dore ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka: 1. Itangazo: Iyo winjiye cyangwa uvuye mu Buholandi uva mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), abagenzi bategekwa gutangaza ibicuruzwa birenze imipaka runaka mu gaciro cyangwa mu bwinshi. Ibi birimo amafaranga arenga 10,000. 2. Ibintu bibujijwe kandi bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigengwa cyane cyangwa birabujijwe kwinjira mu Buholandi. Muri byo harimo imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, ibicuruzwa byiganano, amoko y’inyamaswa arinzwe nta byangombwa cyangwa ibyemezo biboneye. 3. Amafaranga atangirwa umusoro: Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi washyizeho imipaka ku mafaranga atishyurwa mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango atishyuye imisoro cyangwa imisoro. Ni ngombwa kumenyera izo mipaka mbere yo gukora ingendo kugirango wirinde ibihano. 4. Ibikomoka ku buhinzi: Abagenzi bagomba kwitonda mugihe batwaye ibikomoka ku buhinzi mu Buholandi cyangwa hanze yacyo kubera amategeko ya phytosanitarite agamije gukumira indwara z’ibihingwa. 5.Ibibujijwe by’amafaranga: Niba ugeze uturutse mu bihugu by’Uburayi bifite amayero arenga 10,000 (cyangwa ahwanye) n’amafaranga, bigomba gutangazwa kuri gasutamo hakurikijwe amategeko arwanya amafaranga. 6. Amafaranga y'Abagenzi: Indamunite zimwe zirahari kubagenzi baturuka mubihugu bitari muburayi bijyanye n'ibinyobwa bisindisha (urugero, vino / imyuka) nibicuruzwa byitabi (urugero, itabi). Kuguma mumipaka yashyizweho ningirakamaro kugirango wirinde imisoro yinyongera. Kumenya sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo no gukurikiza ingamba zikenewe bizafasha kumenya uburambe kandi bwujuje ubuziranenge mugihe ugenda kumupaka wu Buholandi. Nibyiza kugisha inama zemewe, nka gasutamo yu Buholandi cyangwa imbuga za ambasade, kumakuru agezweho mbere yo gukora ingendo.

Ubuholandi buzwiho ubukungu bwuguruye kandi bwakira neza, bufite politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga. Iyi politiki igamije koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gihe irinda amasoko y’imbere mu gihugu no guharanira irushanwa ryiza. Sisitemu y’imisoro yatumijwe mu Buholandi igizwe ahanini n’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) hamwe n’amahoro ya gasutamo. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro usoreshwa ku gaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu gihugu ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 21%. Ibicuruzwa bimwe, nkibiryo, imiti, ibitabo, n’ibintu ndangamuco, bigabanywa igipimo cy’imisoro kiri hagati ya 0% na 9%. Amahoro ya gasutamo ashyirwa ku bicuruzwa byihariye byo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu cyangwa gukemura intego za politiki y'igihugu. Igipimo rusange cya gasutamo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gikoreshwa mu Buholandi kubera ko ari igihugu cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Igipimo cyibiciro kiratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Icyakora, birakwiye ko tumenya ko ibihugu byinshi byasinyanye amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), harimo n’Ubuholandi. Aya masezerano agamije kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga hagati y’ibihugu byashyizeho umukono. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibicuruzwa biva muri ibi bihugu mubisanzwe bihura n’imisoro mike cyangwa nta gasutamo. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe byinjira mu Buholandi birashobora kwemererwa kuvurwa hakurikijwe gahunda z’ubucuruzi nka Sisitemu rusange y’ibyifuzo (GSP). GSP itanga imisoro yagabanutse cyangwa zeru ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Muri rusange, guverinoma y’Ubuholandi ishishikariza ubucuruzi gukomeza imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Icyakora, ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’Ubuholandi bwumva kandi bugakurikiza imisoro n'amabwiriza ayo ari yo yose yatumizwa mu mahanga yashyizweho n'amategeko yombi ndetse n'amasezerano mpuzamahanga.

Ubuholandi bufite politiki y’imisoro yashyizweho ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa. Igihugu gikurikiza gahunda y’imisoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA), ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi byoherezwa mu gihugu. Muri ubu buryo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bisonewe TVA. Ibi bivuze ko iyo isosiyete yo mu Buholandi igurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kubakiriya hanze y’Ubuholandi, nta musoro ku nyongeragaciro kuri ibyo bicuruzwa. Uku gusonerwa kugamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no gukomeza guhangana ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigomba kuba byujujwe kugirango ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bifatwe nk’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro. Ibi bisabwa birimo gutanga ibyemezo byubwikorezi cyangwa ibyoherejwe mubihugu by’Uburayi hakoreshejwe inyandiko za gasutamo nko kumenyekanisha ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, hashobora kubaho amabwiriza yihariye cyangwa imipaka yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe kubera ibibazo by’umutekano w’igihugu cyangwa kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga. Ibintu bibujijwe bishobora kuba birimo intwaro, ibintu bishobora guteza akaga, ibicuruzwa byangiritse, n’ibicuruzwa byiganano. Birasabwa ko ubucuruzi bugira uruhare mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buholandi kugisha inama ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo cyangwa gushaka inama z’umwuga kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza n'ibisabwa byose. Muri rusange, Ubuholandi bwashyizeho politiki nziza y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ibasonerwa TVA. Ibi bishimangira ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mugihe gikomeza gukorera mu mucyo no kubahiriza inshingano zemewe n'amategeko zijyanye na gasutamo.

Icyemezo cyo kohereza mu mahanga mu Buholandi ni inzira igenzura ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge n'ibisabwa mbere yo koherezwa mu bindi bihugu. Guverinoma y’Ubuholandi yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda zinyuranye zemeza ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge, ubuzima, n’umutekano by’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Icyemezo gikunze gukoreshwa ni icyemezo cyinkomoko (CO). Iyi nyandiko yemeza ko ibicuruzwa biva mu Buholandi kandi ubusanzwe bisabwa kugira ngo gasutamo ikorwe mu mahanga. Itanga amakuru kubyerekeye inkomoko yibicuruzwa, uyikora, nibindi bisobanuro bikenewe mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ikindi cyemezo cya ngombwa cyoherezwa mu Buholandi ni ikimenyetso cy’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Iki kimenyetso cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, umutekano, n’ibidukikije. Irakoreshwa mubice bitandukanye nka electronics, imashini, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, nibindi byinshi. Ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi nkimbuto, imboga cyangwa indabyo zigamije koherezwa mu Buholandi mu bihugu byo hanze y’Uburayi cyangwa gushaka uburyo bwo kugabanya imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga hakurikijwe amasezerano y’ubucuruzi (nk’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu), hashobora gukenerwa icyemezo cya Phytosanitar. Iki cyemezo kigenzura ko ibikomoka ku bimera bitarimo udukoko n’indwara ukurikije amahame mpuzamahanga yashyizweho n’amabwiriza ya phytosanitar. Byongeye kandi, inganda zihariye zishobora gusaba izindi mpamyabumenyi bitewe na kamere yazo. Kurugero, - Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birashobora gukenera impamyabumenyi nka HACCP (Isesengura rya Hazard Analyse Critical Control Points) cyangwa GlobalGAP (Imikorere myiza y’ubuhinzi) yerekana kubahiriza protocole y’umutekano w’ibiribwa. - Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bishobora gusaba kubahiriza REACH (Kwiyandikisha Kwisuzuma Kwiyandikisha & Kubuza Imiti), bikubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye ku bintu by’imiti ku masoko y’Uburayi. - Mu miti yimiti PIC / S GMP ibyemezo byerekana imikorere myiza yinganda bishobora kuba itegeko. Muri make, ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu gutuma ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buholandi byubahiriza amategeko / amabwiriza y’igihugu kimwe n’amasoko agenewe. Izi mpamyabumenyi ntabwo zirengera inyungu z’umuguzi gusa ahubwo zituma ubucuruzi bugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga mu gihe biteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’isi yose.

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku Buholandi, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi. Ifite imiyoboro yateye imbere kandi ikora neza irasabwa cyane kubucuruzi nabantu bashaka serivisi zizewe zo gutwara no gukwirakwiza. Ubuholandi bufite umuyoboro mugari, ufite umuhanda uhuza imijyi minini n’igihugu cyose. Ibi bituma ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda buhitamo gukundwa no gutwara abantu murugo. Ibigo by’ibikoresho byo mu Buholandi bitanga serivisi zitandukanye, zirimo gutanga ibicuruzwa byihuse, kohereza ibicuruzwa, ububiko, hamwe na gasutamo. Bafite sisitemu yo gukurikirana ikurikirana yemerera abakiriya gukurikirana aho ibicuruzwa byabo bigeze. Usibye ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda, Ubuholandi nabwo bwungukira aho buherereye nk'imwe mu masoko akomeye yo mu Burayi. Icyambu cya Rotterdam nicyo cyambu kinini mu Burayi kandi gifite uruhare runini mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Itanga ibikoresho byiza byo gutunganya ubwoko butandukanye bwimizigo, harimo kontineri, ibicuruzwa byinshi, nibicuruzwa byamazi. Imirongo myinshi yo kohereza ikorera i Rotterdam yerekeza aho igana kwisi yose. Byongeye kandi, ikibuga cy’indege cya Amsterdam Schiphol ni ihuriro rikuru ry’imizigo i Burayi. Hamwe noguhuza kwerekanwa ahantu hasaga 320 kwisi yose, itanga uburyo budasanzwe bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere. Amasosiyete y’indege y’Ubuholandi azwiho ubuhanga mu gutunganya ibintu byangirika nkindabyo n’ibicuruzwa bishya. Inganda z’ibikoresho by’Ubuholandi zishimangira cyane kuramba no guhanga udushya. Ibigo bishakisha byimazeyo ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kugirango bigabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere binyuze mubikorwa nkamakamyo yamashanyarazi cyangwa guhitamo inzira kugirango ugabanye gukoresha peteroli. Iyindi mbaraga zingenzi zurwego rwibikoresho byu Buholandi nubushobozi bwa digitale. Tekinoroji igezweho nkubwenge bwubuhanga (AI), sisitemu yo guhagarika, hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru bikoreshwa muguhuza ibikorwa byogutanga neza. Ubwanyuma, leta yu Buholandi ishyigikiye ubucuruzi itanga uburyo bwiza bwibikorwa byububiko cyangwa ubushakashatsi & imishinga yiterambere bijyanye no kuzamura ibikoresho. Muri make: - Ubuholandi bufite umuyoboro witerambere wateye imbere ushyigikiwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana. - Icyambu cya Rotterdam gitanga imiyoboro minini yo mu nyanja. - Ikibuga cy'indege cya Amsterdam Schiphol gikora nk'ikigo gikomeye cy'imizigo. - Kuramba no guhanga udushya ni ingenzi mu nganda z’ibikoresho byo mu Buholandi. - Urwego rwakira digitale hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka AI na blocain. - Guverinoma itanga inkunga yo gushyigikira ibikorwa bijyanye n’ubucuruzi n’ibikoresho. Muri rusange, Ubuholandi butanga imiyoboro ikora neza kandi yizewe, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubucuruzi cyangwa abantu bashaka serivisi zo gutwara no gukwirakwiza.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku izina ry'Ubuholandi, ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Ifite ubukungu bukomeye kandi bwateye imbere, bituma iba ahantu heza ho kugura no gucuruza mpuzamahanga. Igihugu gitanga inzira zitandukanye zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi ku bucuruzi bashaka kwagura ibikorwa byabo. Umuyoboro umwe wingenzi wamasoko mubuholandi ni ikibuga cyindege cya Amsterdam Schiphol. Nka kimwe mu bibuga byindege by’Uburayi, ikora nk'irembo ry’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga kugira ngo agere ku isoko ry’Ubuholandi. Hamwe noguhuza kwiza hamwe nuburyo bufatika, Schiphol itanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi bwo guhuza amasoko nabatanga isoko cyangwa abaguzi baturutse kwisi. Indi nzira ikomeye yo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga mu Buholandi ni ku byambu byayo. Icyambu cya Rotterdam kigaragara nk'imwe mu byambu binini ku isi kandi kikaba ihuriro rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi ku isi. Ibikorwa remezo bya kijyambere bigufasha gufata neza ibicuruzwa, bikagira amahitamo meza ku masosiyete akora ibikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, hari imurikagurisha ryinshi ryamamaye rikorwa buri gihe mu Buholandi rikurura abaguzi n’abagurisha mpuzamahanga: 1. Ubuholandi mpuzamahanga bw’ubucuruzi (HITS): Ibirori ngarukamwaka byerekana inganda zitandukanye zirimo ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, inganda, gutunganya ibiribwa, nibindi, bitanga amahirwe menshi yo guhuza nabafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi. 2. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ibicuruzwa (ICGF): Bikorwa kabiri mu mwaka mu mujyi wa Almere hafi ya Amsterdam; iri murikagurisha ryibanda ku bicuruzwa by’abaguzi nkibikoresho byerekana imideli, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa biteza imbere urugo bitanga imurikagurisha haba ku bashyitsi ndetse n’abacuruzi mpuzamahanga. 3.Europack Euromanut CFIA: Iri murikagurisha riba buri myaka ibiri muri Lyon / Ubufaransa ariko rikurura amasosiyete menshi yo mu Buholandi ashishikajwe no gupakira imashini n’ikoranabuhanga ritunganya ibiryo. 4.Icyatsi kibisi: Yeguriwe gusa abahanga mu buhinzi bwimbuto; Imurikagurisha rya GreenTech rikorwa buri mwaka muri RAI Amsterdam ritanga ubumenyi bushya mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi bw’ibidukikije bugenzurwa - guhera kuri sisitemu yo guhinga vertical & hydroponics kugeza ibisubizo by’ibidukikije. 5. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gutangaza amakuru (IBC): IBC iherereye i Amsterdam, ni cyo cyambere mu bucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu itangazamakuru, gikurura abanyamwuga bo mu bice by’itumanaho, imyidagaduro, n’ikoranabuhanga. Imurikagurisha ryubucuruzi ritanga urubuga kubatanga n'abaguzi kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi mugihe bahuza urungano rwabo. Batanga amahirwe yo gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho ku isoko, gushiraho ubufatanye mu bucuruzi, no gushakisha ubufatanye bushoboka mu rwego runaka. Mu gusoza, Ubuholandi butanga inzira zitandukanye zingenzi zitanga amasoko nkikibuga cy’indege cya Amsterdam Schiphol hamwe n’ibyambu nka Rotterdam. Byongeye kandi, hari imurikagurisha ryinshi rizwi ryabereye mu gihugu hose rikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe ninganda zitandukanye. Ibi birori bitanga amahirwe meza kubucuruzi bwo kwagura ibikorwa byabo no gushiraho amasano nabatanga isoko cyangwa abaguzi baturutse kwisi.

Imashini zishakisha

Mu Buholandi, hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha abantu bakoresha mugushakisha kwabo kumurongo. Hasi nurutonde rwa moteri zishakisha zizwi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Google - moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubuholandi. Urubuga: www.google.co.nl (kwohereza kuri www.google.nl) 2. Bing - moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft itanga gushakisha kurubuga kimwe no gushakisha amashusho. Urubuga: www.bing.com 3. Yahoo - moteri ishakisha kuva kera itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo gushakisha urubuga, imeri, amakuru, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.yahoo.com 4. DuckDuckGo - moteri yishakisha yibanze yibanga idakurikirana amakuru yumukoresha cyangwa kugena ibisubizo ukurikije imyitwarire yashize. Urubuga: duckduckgo.com 5. Ecosia - moteri ishakisha idasanzwe itera ibiti hamwe ninjiza yamamaza biva mubushakashatsi bwabakoresha. Urubuga: ecosia.org 6. Gutangira - Ikora nka proksi hagati yabakoresha na Google kuburyo amakuru yumukoresha yose abikwa wenyine mugihe cyo gushakisha Urubuga: gutangira.com 7. Baza.com - Ikibazo-gisubiza ikibazo cyibanze moteri ishakisha aho abakoresha bashobora kubona ibisubizo kubibazo byihariye hiyongereyeho serivisi rusange zo gushakisha kurubuga. Urubuga: www.ask.com 8. Wolfram Alpha - Azwi nka moteri yubumenyi bwo kubara kuruta gushakisha gakondo, itanga ibisubizo bifatika mukubara amakuru yatunganijwe aturuka ahantu hatandukanye. Urubuga: wolframalpha.com Izi ni zimwe muri moteri zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mubuholandi, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye ninyungu zibyo abakoresha bakunda nibisabwa kubushakashatsi kumurongo. Icyitonderwa: Amahitamo 3 ya mbere yavuzwe (Google, Bing, Yahoo) ni amahitamo ku isi yose akoreshwa cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga ariko aracyiganje mu Buholandi kubera kwakirwa kwabo. Nyamuneka menya ko gukundwa kwa moteri zitandukanye zishakisha zishobora gutandukana mubantu ukurikije ibyo bakunda kandi bakeneye kubushakashatsi kumurongo; uru rutonde rero rugaragaza amwe mumahitamo azwi ariko ntabwo ari icyegeranyo cyuzuye.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Mu Buholandi, impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo ububiko bukubiyemo: 1. De Telefoongids (www.detelefoongids.nl): Nimwe mububiko bunini kandi bwuzuye impapuro zumuhondo mubuholandi. Urubuga rutanga amakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi, amashyirahamwe, nabantu ku giti cyabo. 2. Gouden Gids (www.goudengids.nl): Ubu bubiko bwo kumurongo butanga ubucuruzi butandukanye na serivisi byashyizwe mubikorwa n'inganda cyangwa ahantu. Irashobora kugufasha kubona amakuru arambuye, aderesi, nandi makuru afatika. 3. DetelefoongidsGelderland (gelderland. 4. Detelefoongidssmallingerland (smallingerland. 5. DeNationaleBedrijvengids (www.denationalebedrijvengids.nl): Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru yuzuye yibigo bitandukanye mumirenge itandukanye yo mubuholandi hamwe nibisobanuro byabo hamwe nibyiciro byihariye. Ububiko bukubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi byubucuruzi birimo resitora, amahoteri, amaduka, serivisi zumwuga nkabajyanama mu by'amategeko cyangwa imari, abacuruzi nkabapompa cyangwa amashanyarazi kimwe nabatanga serivise rusange nkabatanga cyangwa abategura ibirori. Nyamuneka menya ko urubuga rushobora guhinduka mugihe; ni byiza rero kugenzura niba bahari mugihe gito.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku izina ry’Ubuholandi, niho hari inganda zitera imbere mu bucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi mugihugu hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Bol.com: Umudandaza munini kuri interineti mubuholandi atanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibitabo, ibikinisho, nibikoresho byo murugo. Urubuga: https://www.bol.com/ 2. Coolblue: Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki kandi rutanga amahitamo menshi ya terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, televiziyo, n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://www.coolblue.nl/ 3. Albert Heijn: Imwe mumurongo minini ya supermarket mubuholandi nayo itanga serivise zo kugura ibiribwa kumurongo kugirango bitangwe neza cyangwa guhitamo. Urubuga: https://www.ah.nl/ 4. Wehkamp: Ububiko buzwi cyane bwo kumurongo butanga imyenda yimyambarire kubagabo, abagore & abana hamwe nibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho nibindi. Urubuga: https://www.wehkamp.nl/ 5.H & M Nederland ： Umucuruzi uzwi cyane ucuruza imideli atanga imyenda igezweho kubagabo, abagore & abana ku giciro cyiza haba kumurongo ndetse no kumurongo ahantu hatandukanye. Urubuga ： https: //www2.hm.com/nl_nl/index.html 6.MediaMarkt platform Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikoresha televiziyo telefone zigendanwa ， mudasobwa n'ibindi. Iratanga kandi ibyiciro bitandukanye nk'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni n'ibindi. Urubuga ： https: \\ www.mediamarkt.nl \\ 7.ASOS reta Umudandaza mpuzamahanga wimyambarire itanga ubwoko butandukanye bwimyenda yo mumihanda minini kubagabo nabagore. Urubuga ： https: \\ www.asos.com \ iduka-kuva-mu Buholandi \ catreflns # leta = gutunganya% 3Aregion% 3D200 & parentID = -1 & pge = 1 & pgeSize = 100 & sort = newin 8.Groupon NL: Azwi cyane kumasoko-yumunsi ku isoko atanga kugabanyirizwa ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nkamasezerano yingendo, massage, ifunguro, na electronics. Urubuga: http://www.groupon.nl/ Izi porogaramu za e-ubucuruzi zitanga uburambe kandi butandukanye bwo guhaha kubakiriya mubuholandi. Waba ushaka ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ibiribwa, cyangwa ibikoresho byo murugo, izi mbuga zitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kugirango uhuze ibyo ukeneye.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Ubuholandi, buzwiho umuco ukomeye ndetse no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga, butanga imbuga zitandukanye z’abaturage kugira ngo bahuze kandi basangire amakuru. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa mu Buholandi hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni urubuga rukoreshwa cyane mu Buholandi, hamwe na miliyoni zabakoresha bakora. Iyemerera abantu gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti, guhuza amatsinda, no gusangira ibirimo. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter nizindi mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane mu Buholandi aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza no gusoma inyandiko ngufi zitwa "tweet." Bikunze gukoreshwa nabantu, ubucuruzi, nimiryango kugirango dusangire amakuru nibitekerezo. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni porogaramu yo gusangira amafoto ikoreshwa cyane nurubyiruko mu Buholandi. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza amafoto cyangwa videwo ngufi, bagashungura muyungurura cyangwa ibintu byo guhindura, gukurikira abandi, gutanga ibitekerezo kumyandiko, nohererezanya ubutumwa. 4. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn ni urubuga rwumwuga rukoreshwa cyane nababigize umwuga mubuholandi mugushakisha akazi no guhuza ibikorwa. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro yumwuga yerekana ubuhanga bwabo nuburambe. 5. Kurikira (www.p Interest.com): Pinterest itanga kuvumbura amashusho binyuze mumashusho mubyiciro bitandukanye nkimyambarire, ibitekerezo byo gutaka murugo, resept nibindi, bigatuma ikundwa nabakoresha Ubuholandi bashaka inspiration. 6. Snapchat (www. Urubyiruko rwinshi rwo mu Buholandi rwishimira gukoresha iyi platform kugirango ishimishe inshuti. 7. TikTok (www. 8. Reddit (www.reddit.com): Reddit ikora nkumuryango wa interineti aho abanyamuryango bashiraho ibirimo birimo amahuza, inyandiko, amashusho nibindi bishobora kuzamurwa bikamanurwa nabandi baturage. Izi porogaramu zikora nk'abaturage bo mu Buholandi guhuza, gusangira ubunararibonye, no gushakisha amakuru muri domaine zitandukanye. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko gukundwa kwimbuga nkoranyambaga bishobora gutandukana mugihe uko urubuga rushya rugaragara kandi ibyifuzo byabakoresha bigahinduka.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Ubuholandi, buzwi kandi ku Bwami bw'Ubuholandi, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda mubuholandi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ishyirahamwe ryamabanki yu Buholandi (Vereniging van Banken) - Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye kandi riteza imbere inyungu zamabanki akorera mubuholandi. Urubuga: www.nvb.nl 2. Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi mu Buholandi (VNO-NCW) - VNO-NCW ni umuryango ukomeye uhagarariye inyungu z’abakoresha no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu Buholandi. Urubuga: www.vno-ncw.nl 3. Ihuriro ry’inganda n’abakoresha mu Buholandi (MKB-Nederland) - MKB-Nederland ihagarariye kandi ishyigikira imishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs) mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga: www.mkb.nl 4 Urubuga: www.mkb-haarlemmermeer.nl 5. Ihuriro ry’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije Nanotehnologiya (NanoNextNL) - NanoNextNL ni umuyoboro uhuza ibice byibanda ku bushakashatsi bwa nanotehnologiya, iterambere, no guhanga udushya twibanda ku bisubizo birambye. Urubuga: https://www.nanonextnl.nl/ 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’Abaholandi bashinzwe umubano w’abashoramari (NEVIR) - NEVIR ikora nk'urubuga rwinzobere mu mibanire y’abashoramari kungurana ubumenyi, imikorere myiza, no guteza imbere gukorera mu mucyo mu itumanaho ry’ibigo bijyanye n’ibibazo by’ishoramari. Urubuga: www.nevir.org 7. Itsinda ry’indege z’Ubuholandi - Iri shyirahamwe rihuza ibigo bigira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bw’ikirere, iterambere, inganda, kubungabunga, serivisi zo gusana; koroshya ubufatanye mubanyamuryango mugihe cyo guhanga udushya Urubuga: http://nag.aero/ 8. Transport & Logistiek Nederland - Guhagararira ibigo bitwara abantu bitanga serivisi zumuhanda, amazi, gari ya moshi, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu kirere mu Buholandi. Urubuga: https://www.tln.nl/ Nyamuneka menya ko urutonde rwatanzwe rutuzuye, kandi hariho andi mashyirahamwe menshi yinganda zikora mubuholandi mumirenge itandukanye.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hariho imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi mubuholandi zitanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwigihugu, amahirwe yishoramari, nimiryango yubucuruzi. Dore urutonde rwa zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye: 1. Ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’Ubuholandi (RVO) - Uru rubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga amakuru yuzuye yerekeye gukora ubucuruzi mu Buholandi, harimo raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, amahirwe yo gushora imari, n’ubufasha kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://english.rvo.nl/ 2. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi (Kamer van Koophandel) - Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi rw’Ubuholandi rutanga umutungo w’ubucuruzi ukora cyangwa ushaka kwinjira ku isoko ry’Ubuholandi. Itanga serivisi nko kwiyandikisha kwamasosiyete, amakuru yubucuruzi, no kugera kubintu bitandukanye hamwe nurusobe rwa ba rwiyemezamirimo. Urubuga: https://www.kvk.nl/icyongereza 3. Gushora mu Buholandi - Uru rubuga rugamije amasosiyete y’amahanga ashaka gushora imari cyangwa gushinga ibikorwa byayo mu Buholandi. Itanga ubushishozi burambuye mubice byihariye kandi ifasha guhuza abashoramari nabafatanyabikorwa bireba. Urubuga: https://investinholland.com/ 4 Urubuga: https://www.ntenetherlands.org/en/ 5. Umuyoboro wa NBSO (Ibiro bishinzwe ubucuruzi mu Buholandi) - Umuyoboro wa NBSO utanga serivisi zunganira amasosiyete y’amahanga ashishikajwe no gukorana n’ubucuruzi cyangwa mu Buholandi ariko akaba adafite aho aherereye. Urubuga: http://nbso-urubuga.org 6 Nederland Exporteert - Uru rubuga rufasha ba rwiyemezamirimo b’Abaholandi gushakisha amasoko yisi yose batanga inama zifatika zo kohereza ibicuruzwa / serivisi neza ndetse no gushishoza mubibazo bitandukanye bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Urubuga ： https: //nederlandexporteert.nl/ Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka cyangwa kuvugururwa mugihe; birasabwa rero kugenzura niba ari ukuri mbere yo kubishingiraho byuzuye. 以上是一些荷兰经济与贸易网站的，供您参考。！！！

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka mubuholandi. Dore bimwe muri byo: 1. Ubucuruzi bw’Ubuholandi: Uru rubuga rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi yuzuye y’Ubuholandi, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibitumizwa mu mahanga, n’uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi. Itanga amakuru arambuye kubicuruzwa n'imirenge yihariye. Urubuga: https://www.dutchtrade.nl/ 2. CBS StatLine: Ikigo cya Centraal voor de Statistiek (CBS) gitanga imibare itandukanye yubukungu n’imibare y’Ubuholandi. Harimo amakuru yubucuruzi hamwe nibindi bipimo. Urubuga: https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/ 3. Eurostat: Eurostat ni biro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi itanga amakuru menshi ku ngingo zitandukanye zirimo ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bihugu byose bigize uyu muryango, harimo n’Ubuholandi. Urubuga: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/trade 4. Trademap.org: Uru rubuga rutanga imibare irambuye yubucuruzi ituruka ahantu henshi, harimo amasoko ya leta yemewe nkinzego za gasutamo n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nk’inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubucuruzi n’iterambere (UNCTAD). Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx 5. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS ni data base yuzuye ituma abayikoresha babaza ibibazo byubucuruzi bwisi yose mubyiciro bitandukanye nkigihugu, ibicuruzwa, cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa mugihugu. Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/NLD Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko imbuga zimwe zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa kwishyurwa kugirango ubone amakuru yihariye cyangwa gukuramo raporo mubihe bimwe. Nyamuneka menya ko buri gihe ari byiza kugenzura ukuri nifaranga ryamakuru ayo ari yo yose yakuwe kururu rubuga mbere yo gufata ibyemezo byubucuruzi bishingiye kuri byo.

B2b

Ubuholandi buzwiho gutera imbere mu bucuruzi, kandi hari ibibuga byinshi bya B2B mu gihugu byita ku nganda zitandukanye. Hano hari urubuga rukomeye rwa B2B mu Buholandi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Alibaba (https://www.alibaba.com): Alibaba ni urubuga rwa B2B ruzwi ku isi yose ruhuza abaguzi n'abagurisha baturutse ku isi. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi, harimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imashini, imyenda, nibindi byinshi. 2. Iburayi (https://www.europages.nl): Europage nubuyobozi bwa B2B buyobora kumurongo uhuza ubucuruzi muburayi. Iyemerera ibigo kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo, serivisi, nibisobanuro birambuye kubashobora kugura. 3. SoloStocks Ubuholandi (https://nl.solostocks.com): SoloStocks Ubuholandi ni isoko rya interineti aho ubucuruzi bushobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi kubitanga. Irimo imirenge itandukanye nka electronics, imyambarire, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, nibindi byinshi. 4. Ubuyobozi bw’ubucuruzi bw’Ubuholandi (https://directory.nl) Directory Ubucuruzi bw’Ubuholandi bukora nk'ubuyobozi bwuzuye mu bucuruzi bw’amasosiyete yo mu Buholandi ashaka ubufatanye mpuzamahanga cyangwa abakiriya. Itanga amakuru kubucuruzi bwu Buholandi mu nganda zitandukanye. 5. Amaduka yo mu Buholandi (https://www.dutchexpatshop.com): Amaduka yo mu Buholandi yibanda cyane cyane ku kugurisha ibiryo by’ibiribwa n’ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo ku mahanga baba mu mahanga cyangwa abifuza ibicuruzwa by’Ubuholandi hanze y’Ubuholandi. 6.TradeFord (https://netherlands.tradeford.com): TradeFord ni isoko rya B2B kumurongo uhuza abacuruzi kwisi yose hamwe nabashobora kuba abaguzi mubuholandi.Bikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye nkubuhinzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, rubber & plastike nibindi. Izi ni ingero nke gusa za platform ya B2B mubuholandi; hashobora kubaho izindi zihariye zinganda cyangwa niches zimwe.