TogTok

Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Isilande, iherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, ni igihugu cya Nordic. Azwiho ubwiza nyaburanga butangaje, harimo ibirunga, geyers, amasoko ashyushye, hamwe n’ibarafu. Igihugu gituwe n'abaturage bagera ku 360.000, Isilande ifite ubucucike buke mu Burayi. Umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini ni Reykjavik. Ururimi rwemewe ni Isilande. Ubukungu bwa Islande bushingiye cyane ku bukerarugendo no kuroba. Mu myaka yashize, ubukerarugendo bwazamutse bitewe n’imiterere yihariye n’ahantu nyaburanga nka Blue Lagoon na Light Light. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyateje imbere inganda z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zikoresha ingufu za geothermal n’amashanyarazi. Nubwo igihugu cyirwa gifite ubwinshi bwabaturage, Islande yagize uruhare runini mumuco kurwego rwisi. Ifite imigenzo gakondo yubuvanganzo hamwe nabanditsi benshi bazwi nka Halldór Laxness yatsindiye amahanga kubikorwa byabo. Abahanzi ba muzika bo muri Islande nka Björk nabo bamaze kumenyekana kwisi yose. Igihugu giha agaciro gakomeye uburezi n'ubuvuzi. Isilande ifite umubare munini wo gusoma no kwandika kandi itanga uburezi ku buntu kuva mu ishuri ry'incuke kugeza ku rwego rwa kaminuza ku baturage bose. Muri politiki, Isilande ikora nka republika ihagarariye abadepite. Perezida wa Isilande akora nk'umukuru w’igihugu ariko afite ububasha buke mu gihe ubuyobozi bukuru bushingiye ahanini kuri Minisitiri w’intebe. Sosiyete ya Isilande iteza imbere uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye kandi uburenganzira bwa LGBTQ + burinzwe n'amategeko kuva mu 1996 bukaba kimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere muri urwo rwego ku isi. Mu gusoza, Isilande itanga ahantu nyaburanga bidasanzwe hamwe n’ubwiza bwa Nordic bigatuma iba ahantu nyaburanga ku bagenzi bashaka kwidagadura cyangwa kwidagadura hagati y’ahantu heza cyane mu gihe bashima umurage ndangamuco wacyo ugizwe n’imigenzo idasanzwe y’ubuvanganzo no gushimangira cyane indangagaciro nk’uburinganire.

Isilande, igihugu cyirwa cya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite ifaranga ryihariye rizwi ku izina rya króna ya Islande (ISK). Ikimenyetso gikoreshwa mu ifaranga ni "kr" cyangwa "ISK". Króna ya Islande igabanijwemo subunits yitwa aurar, nubwo ubu idakoreshwa gake. 1 króna ingana na 100 aurar. Ariko, kubera ifaranga nimpinduka mubikorwa byabaguzi, ibiciro byinshi byegeranijwe kugeza kumibare yose. Banki Nkuru ya Islande, izwi ku izina rya "Seðlabanki Íslands", ishinzwe gutanga no kugenzura ifaranga. Ifite uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umutekano w’ubukungu no kugenzura ifaranga muri Islande. Mu gihe Isilande ikomeje kuba igihugu cyigenga gifite gahunda y’ifaranga ryacyo, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubucuruzi bunini bunini bwita kuri ba mukerarugendo bushobora kwakira amafaranga y’amahanga nk’amadolari ya Amerika cyangwa amayero. Ariko, burigihe birasabwa guhanahana amafaranga yamahanga muri króna ya Islande mugihe usuye igihugu. ATM irashobora kuboneka mumijyi minini minini aho ushobora gukuramo króna yo muri Islande ukoresheje ikarita yawe yo kubikuza cyangwa ikarita y'inguzanyo. Byongeye kandi, amabanki menshi yo muri ako karere akora serivisi zivunjisha aho ushobora guhindura amafaranga atandukanye muri ISK. Kimwe na gahunda y’ifaranga ry’igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose, birasabwa guhora umenyeshejwe ibijyanye n’ivunjisha kandi ugakomeza gukurikirana amafaranga ukoresha mu gihe cyawe muri Islande.

Isoko ryemewe n'amategeko muri Isilande ni Krona yo muri Islande (ISK). Dore igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja kwa amwe mumafaranga akomeye kwisi arwanya krone: 1 Amadolari y'Abanyamerika ni 130-140 Kronor ya Islande (USD / ISK) Amayero 1 angana na 150-160 Kronor ya Islande (EUR / ISK) Ikiro 1 ni hafi 170-180 Kronor ya Islande (GBP / ISK) Nyamuneka menya ko imibare yavuzwe haruguru ireba gusa kandi igipimo nyacyo cyo kuvunja kigomba guhindagurika ku isoko.

Isilande, izwi nk'igihugu cy'umuriro na barafu, ni igihugu gifite imico gakondo n'imigenzo idasanzwe. Yizihiza iminsi mikuru itandukanye yumwaka. Hano hari ibiruhuko byingenzi bya Isilande: 1) Umunsi wubwigenge (17 kamena): Uyu munsi mukuru wigihugu wibukije ubwigenge bwa Islande muri Danimarike mu 1944. Bizihizwa hamwe na parade, ibitaramo, hamwe n’umuganda rusange mu gihugu hose. Ibirori bikunze kuba birimo imiziki gakondo ya Islande, disikuru zabanyacyubahiro, hamwe na fireworks. 2) Þorrablót: Þorrablót ni umunsi mukuru wa kera wo hagati wizihizwa muri Mutarama / Gashyantare kugira ngo wubahe Thorri, imana y'ubukonje mu migani ya Norse. Harimo gusangira ibiryo gakondo bya Isilande nk'inyama zakize (harimo n'ikinyamanswa gisembuye), imitwe y'intama yatoraguwe (svið), kuvomera amaraso (blóðmör), n'amafi yumye. 3) Ishema rya Reykjavik: Ufatwa nk'imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye ya LGBTQ + ishema mu Burayi, Ishema rya Reykjavik riba buri mwaka muri Kanama. Iri serukiramuco rigamije guteza imbere uburinganire n’uburenganzira bwa muntu ku bantu bose hatitawe ku mibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa ku gitsina. Irimo parade y'amabara, ibitaramo byo hanze, imurikagurisha, nibikorwa bitandukanye biteza imbere kutabogama. 4) Noheri & Umunsi wa Noheri: Bizihijwe n'ishyaka ryinshi muri Isilande kimwe n'ibindi bihugu byinshi ku isi, Noheri itangira ibirori. Imiryango iraterana kugirango ifunguro ryibirori ikurikirwa no guhana impano nko mu gicuku iyo ihindutse kumugaragaro kuri Noheri. Abanya Islande benshi bitabira misa ya saa sita z'ijoro ku nsengero zaho. 5) Umwaka Mushya muhire: Abanya Islande basezeye kumwaka ushize bishimira imirishyo itangaje yerekana urumuri rwa Reykjavik muri iri joro ridasanzwe. Bonfires nayo yaka mumijyi kugirango ishushanye gukuraho ibyago bishaje mugihe wakira intangiriro nshya. Iyi minsi mikuru itanga ibisobanuro ku murage ndangamuco gakondo wa Islande mu gihe ugaragaza ubushake bwo kwigenga, ubudasa, n'imigenzo. Bakundwa cyane nabanya Islande kandi bakurura abashyitsi baturutse hirya no hino kwisi bifuza kwibonera ibirori bidasanzwe nubutunzi bwumuco bwiki gihugu kidasanzwe.

Isilande, igihugu cy’izinga cya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite ubukungu buto ariko bukomeye buterwa ahanini n’uburobyi n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Ubucuruzi bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Islande. Igihugu gishingiye cyane ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bukomeze iterambere ry’ubukungu n’iterambere. Isilande yohereza cyane cyane ibicuruzwa by’amafi n’amafi, bingana igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Amazi meza yacyo atanga umutungo mwinshi wo mu nyanja nka cod, herring, na makerel, byoherezwa mubihugu bitandukanye kwisi. Usibye ibikomoka ku mafi, Isilande nayo yohereza hanze aluminium kubera ubwinshi bw’ingufu za geothermal zikoreshwa mu gushonga. Aluminium igizwe nibindi bicuruzwa bikomeye byoherezwa muri Isilande. Ku bijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga, Isilande ahanini ishingiye ku mashini n'ibikoresho byo gutwara nk'imodoka n'ibice by'indege. Byongeye kandi, itumiza mu mahanga ibikomoka kuri peteroli kuko ahanini biterwa n’ibicanwa biva mu kirere kugira ngo bikoreshe ingufu nubwo hashyizweho ingufu ziva mu kongera ingufu. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye ba Islande barimo ibihugu by’Uburayi nk’Ubudage, Ubwongereza, Ububiligi, Danemark (harimo na Greenland), Noruveje na Espanye. Ifite kandi umubano ukomeye wubucuruzi na Amerika. Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagize ingaruka ku bucuruzi ku isi harimo n'ubukungu bwa Islande bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ingamba zo gufunga isi yose zatumye ibicuruzwa bikomoka mu nyanja ya Islande bigabanuka bigatuma ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigabanuka mu 2020. Icyakora, hamwe n’ikwirakwizwa ry’inkingo ryateye imbere ku isi mu 2021 hari icyizere cyo gukira uko amasoko yongeye gufungura. Mu myaka yashize, ubukerarugendo bwiyongereye nabwo bwagize uruhare runini mu kwinjiza Isilande; icyakora inzitizi zingendo zatewe nicyorezo zagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri uyu murenge. Muri rusange, nubwo ari igihugu gito gifite umutungo kamere usibye uburobyi n’amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nk’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi - atera umusaruro wa aluminiyumu - binyuze mu bufatanye n’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu byinshi haba mu Burayi ndetse no hanze yarwo bituma ibicuruzwa bya Icleandic byemerwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga biteza imbere ubukungu.

Isilande, igihugu gito kirwa giherereye mu majyaruguru ya Atalantika, gifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. N’ubwo abaturage bake ari benshi, aho Isilande ihagaze neza bituma ihagarara neza mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Imwe mu mbaraga zikomeye za Islande iri mu mbaraga nyinshi z’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Igihugu kizwiho amashanyarazi ya geothermal na hydroelectric, gitanga ingufu zitanduye kandi zirambye. Iyi nyungu yangiza ibidukikije irashobora gukurura abashoramari b’abanyamahanga bashaka gushinga inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi cyangwa gushaka uburyo bwo kubona ingufu zihenze zidasubirwaho. Byongeye kandi, Isilande ifite umutungo kamere utandukanye nk'amafi, aluminium, n'amabuye y'agaciro. Inganda z’uburobyi zagize uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu mu binyejana byinshi. Hamwe n’akarere kihariye k’ubukungu (EEZ) kamwe mu turere twinshi mu Burayi, Isilande ifite umutungo munini w’inyanja ushobora gukoreshwa mu kwagura ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja ku isi hose. Mu myaka yashize, Isilande nayo yiboneye iterambere mu bukerarugendo. Ahantu nyaburanga heza muri iki gihugu harimo ibibarafu, amasumo, hamwe na geyers byakuruye ba mukerarugendo baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, habayeho kwiyongera kubicuruzwa bya Islande nkubukorikori bwaho nibintu byibutsa. Mu gukoresha inganda z’ubukerarugendo zigenda ziyongera no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bya Islande mu mahanga, igihugu gishobora kwifashisha amasoko mashya kandi kikinjiza amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, kuba igice cy’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EEA) biha Isilande amahirwe yo kubona isoko rinini ry’abaguzi mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Uyu munyamuryango yemerera uburyo bwo gucuruza hamwe n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu gihe bitanga amahirwe ku mishinga ihuriweho cyangwa ubufatanye n’amasosiyete yo mu Burayi. Nyamara, ni ngombwa ko Isilande itandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birenze imirenge gakondo nko kuroba no gukora aluminium. Mu gushora imari mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere bigamije inganda zishingiye ku guhanga udushya nk’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi birambye bijyanye n’ikirere gikonje nk’abo ', Isilande irashobora gushyiraho amasoko meza aho ishobora kuba nziza ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu gusoza, "Isilande ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe mu iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Umutungo munini w’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, umutungo kamere mwinshi, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo butera imbere, ndetse no kuba umunyamuryango mu karere k’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uhagaze neza kugira ngo ubukungu bwiyongere. no gushora imari mu nganda zishingiye ku guhanga udushya, Isilande irashobora kwagura isoko mpuzamahanga. "

Mugihe cyo guhitamo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze, Islande ifite ibyiza bike bitandukanye. Urebye aho imiterere yihariye y’imiterere n’ubukerarugendo butera imbere, ibyiciro bimwe by’ibicuruzwa birashoboka cyane ko bikenerwa cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Isilande izwiho ibyiza nyaburanga bitangaje hamwe nubutunzi bwa geothermal. Ibi bituma ibicuruzwa bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije n'ibikorwa byo hanze bikundwa cyane. Ibikoresho byo hanze nko gutembera inkweto, ibikoresho byo gukambika, hamwe n imyenda yubushyuhe bishobora kuba ibintu bigurishwa. Icya kabiri, Isilande nayo yamenyekanye kwisi yose kubera inganda zo mu nyanja zifite ubuziranenge. Hamwe nubwoko bwinshi bwamafi akikije igihugu cyizinga, kohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja nkamafi yuzuye cyangwa akonje yuzuye amafi cyangwa salmon yacumuwe birashobora kwinjiza amafaranga menshi. Byongeye kandi, ubwoya bwa Islande buzwiho ubuziranenge n'ubushyuhe budasanzwe. Ibishishwa biboheye bikozwe mu bwoya bw'intama zo muri Islande ntabwo bigezweho gusa ahubwo binatanga ubwishingizi mugihe cy'ubukonje. Iyi myenda idasanzwe irashobora gukurura abakiriya berekana imideli kwisi yose. Mu myaka yashize, hagiye hagaragara ubushake bwubwiza nyaburanga nibicuruzwa byuruhu bikozwe mubintu kama cyangwa bikomoka ku buryo burambye. Ibi bitanga amahirwe kuri Isilande yohereza imirongo yihariye yo kwita ku ruhu ikomoka ku bimera kavukire nka Arctic imbuto cyangwa mose izwiho kurwanya antioxydeant. Ubwanyuma, ubukorikori gakondo bwa Islande nkibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa ububumbyi byerekana umurage gakondo wigihugu. Ubu bukorikori bwakozwe n'intoki burashobora gukurura ba mukerarugendo bashaka urwibutso nyarwo cyangwa abantu bashishikajwe no gutera inkunga abanyabukorikori baho. Mu gusoza, iyo utekereje guhitamo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isoko rya Isilande, byaba byiza twibanze ku bikoresho byo hanze bijyanye n'ibikorwa by'ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije nk'ibikoresho byo gutembera n'imyambaro y'ubushyuhe; ibiryo byo mu nyanja bihebuje nk'amafi yuzuye cyangwa akonje; ibishishwa biboheye bikozwe mu bwoya bwa Islande; imirongo yo kwita ku ruhu ikomoka ku bimera kavukire; n'ubukorikori gakondo bugaragaza umuco wihariye wa Islande.

Isilande, igihugu cy’izinga rya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite imiterere yihariye y’abakiriya na kirazira zigomba kwitabwaho mugihe zikorana nabenegihugu. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biranga abakiriya muri Isilande ni imyumvire yabo ikomeye yo kwishyira ukizana. Abakiriya ba Islande bazwiho guha agaciro ubwigenge bwabo n’ibanga. Bashima umwanya wihariye kandi bahitamo kutuzura cyane cyangwa guhungabanywa nabandi mugihe bagiye mubikorwa byabo bya buri munsi. Abakiriya ba Islande nabo bafite urwego rwo hejuru kubicuruzwa na serivisi nziza. Bategereje ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge na serivisi bikora neza kandi byumwuga. Ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bushyira imbere gutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi zujuje ubuziranenge. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya ba Islande bakunda guha agaciro ubunyangamugayo no gukorera mu mucyo mubucuruzi. Bashima itumanaho rifunguye nta gahunda zihishe cyangwa kugerageza gukoresha manipulation. Ku bijyanye na kirazira, ni ngombwa kutaganira ku ngingo zikomeye zijyanye n'ubukungu bwa Islande nk'ikibazo cya banki cyangwa ibibazo by'amafaranga mu biganiro n'abakiriya ba Islande. Byongeye kandi, kuganira kuri politiki nabyo birashobora gufatwa nkibidakwiye keretse bitangijwe nabakiriya ubwabo. Byongeye kandi, abashyitsi bagomba kubaha ibidukikije muri Isilande kuko bifite akamaro gakomeye kubaturage. Gutesha agaciro cyangwa gusuzugura ibidukikije biracika intege cyane kuko abanya Islande bubaha cyane imiterere yabyo. Birakwiye kandi kumenya ko gutanga inama bidateganijwe cyangwa bisanzwe muri Islande. Bitandukanye n’ibindi bihugu aho usanga gutanga ibicuruzwa bishobora kuba bisanzwe, amafaranga ya serivisi asanzwe ashyirwa mu fagitire muri resitora cyangwa amahoteri. Mugusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kubahiriza kirazira zavuzwe haruguru, ubucuruzi bushobora gukorana neza nabakiriya ba Islande mugihe bubaha indangagaciro z'umuco nibyifuzo byabo.

Isilande, igihugu cyirwa cya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite gahunda yo gucunga neza gasutamo. Amabwiriza ya gasutamo mu gihugu agamije kubungabunga umutekano, kugenzura ibicuruzwa, no kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Iyo ugeze ku bibuga byindege bya Islande cyangwa ibyambu, abagenzi basabwa kunyura muri gasutamo. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) / Agace k’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EEA) bagomba kuzuza urupapuro rwerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo kugira ngo batangaze ibicuruzwa bazanye. Ibi birimo ibintu nka alcool, itabi, imbunda, n'amafaranga menshi. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, Isilande ifite amategeko akomeye ku bicuruzwa by’ibiribwa bitewe n’aho biherereye kure y’imiterere n’ibidukikije. Birabujijwe kuzana imbuto nshya, imboga cyangwa inyama zidatetse mu gihugu nta ruhushya rukwiye. Ku bijyanye n'amafaranga atishyurwa ku bicuruzwa ku giti cye yazanywe muri Isilande n'abagenzi baturutse hanze y'akarere ka EU / EEA, hari imipaka imwe n'imwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa na gasutamo ya Islande. Aya mafaranga ubusanzwe arimo umubare munini winzoga nibicuruzwa byitabi bishobora kuzanwa utishyuye imisoro. Abakozi ba gasutamo bo muri Isilande barashobora kugenzura imizigo ku bushake cyangwa bishingiye ku gukeka. Abagenzi bagomba gufatanya niba imizigo yabo yahisemo kugenzurwa mugutanga ibisubizo byukuri no kwerekana inyemezabuguzi cyangwa inyemezabwishyu iyo babajijwe. Abashyitsi bava muri Isilande bagomba kumenya ko hari n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku bihangano bimwe na bimwe by’umuco kimwe n’ibimera n’inyamaswa birinzwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya CITES. Ibi bintu bisaba uruhushya rwihariye rwo kohereza hanze. Mu gusoza, Isilande ikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye ya gasutamo ajyanye no gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije no gukomeza ubucuruzi bukwiye. Abagenzi mpuzamahanga bagomba kumenyera aya mategeko mbere yo gusura igihugu mu gihe bumva ko kubahiriza aya mabwiriza ari ngombwa mu kwinjira no kuva muri Islande nta mananiza.

Isilande, igihugu gito kirwa giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite politiki yihariye y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Igihugu gikoresha imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biza mu gihugu mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Isilande ishingiye kuri gahunda y’ibiciro ishyira ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu byiciro bitandukanye. Amahoro yashyizweho na guverinoma ya Islande kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no gushishikariza umusaruro waho. Ikigamijwe ni ukuringaniza hagati yo gutera inkunga inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe zujuje ibyifuzo by’abaguzi ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Igipimo cy'umusoro kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibintu by'ingenzi nk'ibiribwa, imiti, n'ibicuruzwa by'isuku muri rusange bifite imisoro iri hasi cyangwa nta bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bikoreshwa. Kurundi ruhande, ibintu byiza cyangwa ibyo guhatanira ibicuruzwa byakorewe mu gihugu bishobora guhura n’ibiciro biri hejuru. Usibye imisoro yihariye ku bicuruzwa ku giti cye, Isilande inashyiraho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ushyizwe kuri 24%, wongeyeho agaciro k'ikintu cyose harimo imisoro iyo ari yo yose cyangwa andi mafaranga. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko gusonerwa hamwe nibitekerezo byihariye bibaho muri politiki yimisoro yatumijwe muri Islande. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa bimwe bitumizwa mu bihugu biri mu karere k’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EEA) bisonewe imisoro ya gasutamo kubera amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ibihugu. Byongeye kandi, ubucuruzi bumwe na bumwe bushobora kwemererwa kugabanywa cyangwa gusonerwa mugihe cyihariye giteganywa n amategeko ya Islande. Kugendana neza n’imiterere y’imisoro itumizwa mu gihugu cya Isilande neza, ni ngombwa ko abantu n’abashoramari bagize uruhare mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bagisha inama impuguke nk’abakora gasutamo cyangwa inzobere mu by'amategeko bashobora gutanga amakuru nyayo yerekeye ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa n’imisoro bijyanye. Muri make, Isilande ikoresha imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga cyane cyane binyuze muri sisitemu y’ibiciro ishingiye ku byiciro bitandukanye. Intego nyamukuru nugutera inkunga inganda zo murugo mugihe zikiri kwemerera ibicuruzwa biva hanze bisabwa nabaguzi. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) nawo ugomba kwitabwaho mugihe ubara ibiciro byose byo gutumiza ibicuruzwa muri Islande.

Isilande, igihugu cy’izinga cya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite politiki ishimishije y’imisoro ijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Islande yashyize mu bikorwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa na serivisi. Ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, Isilande ikurikiza politiki ya TVA itagabanijwe. Ibi bivuze ko iyo ubucuruzi bugurishije ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi hanze yumupaka wigihugu, ntibagomba kwishyura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro kubyo bicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga bisonewe imisoro iyo ari yo yose igurishwa. Politiki y’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro igamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi no gushishikariza ubucuruzi muri Isilande kwishora ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ifasha gutuma ibicuruzwa bya Islande birushanwe kwisi yose kubemerera kugurishwa kubiciro biri hasi ugereranije nibihugu bikoreshwa mumisoro. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze bidashobora kwishyurwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro, barashobora guhura n’imisoro n’amahoro byashyizweho n’igihugu cyatumijwe mu mahanga bahageze. Iyi misoro bakunze kwitwa imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga cyangwa amahoro ya gasutamo kandi igenwa na buri gihugu ku giti cye hashingiwe ku mabwiriza yabo bwite. Mu gusoza, Isilande yashyizeho politiki ya TVA itagabanijwe ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi byemeza ko ubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Isilande butagomba kwishyura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro mu gihugu ubwacyo ariko birashobora guhanishwa amahoro yatumijwe n’igihugu cyatumijwe mu mahanga.

Isilande, izwiho ibyiza nyaburanga bitangaje kandi bitangaje, nayo izwiho inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Nkigihugu gifite amikoro make nabaturage bake, Isilande yibanda kubicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bizana agaciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Abategetsi ba Isilande bashyizeho uburyo bukomeye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugira ngo ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu byujuje ubuziranenge n’amabwiriza ku isi. Izi mpamyabumenyi zemeza ukuri n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Isilande, bigatera ikizere mu baguzi mpuzamahanga. Icyemezo kimwe cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Isilande kijyanye nibicuruzwa byuburobyi. Urebye aho uburobyi bukungahaye hamwe n’inganda zo mu nyanja zitera imbere, uburobyi bwa Islande bumaze kumenyekana ku isi kubera ibikorwa birambye ndetse n’ibicuruzwa byiza. Icyemezo cyo gucunga uburobyi bwa Islande gitangwa n’imiryango yigenga y’abandi bantu nyuma yo gusuzuma amato y’uburobyi yubahiriza ibipimo bibungabunga ibidukikije. Ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi cyoherezwa mu mahanga kireba tekinoroji ya geothermal. Nka umwe mu bayobozi ku isi mu gukoresha umutungo wa geothermal, Islande itanga ibisubizo bishya muri uru rwego. Icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cya Geothermal cyemeza ko ibikoresho cyangwa serivisi bijyanye n’ingufu za geothermal byujuje ibisabwa by’umutekano, ibipimo ngenderwaho, n’amabwiriza y’ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bwa Islande nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Icyemezo cy’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byoherezwa muri Isilande byubahiriza uburyo bwo guhinga kama nta nyongeramusaruro cyangwa imiti yangiza. Byongeye kandi, izindi mpamyabumenyi nyinshi zigira uruhare runini mugihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye muri Isilande nk'icyemezo cyo gutunganya ibiribwa (kubikomoka ku mata cyangwa inyama), ibyemezo by’umutekano wo kwisiga (kubuvuzi bwuruhu cyangwa ibicuruzwa byiza), ibyemezo byumutekano wibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi (kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byakorewe aho), nibindi . Mu gusoza, abatumiza mu mahanga bo muri Isilande bakurikiza uburyo bukomeye bwo gutanga ibyemezo mu nganda nk’ibicuruzwa by’uburobyi byemezwa ku buryo burambye, isuzuma ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu za geothermal, isuzuma ry’ubuhinzi-mwimerere n’ibindi. Izi mpamyabumenyi ntizirinda gusa izina ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Isilande gusa ahubwo binagira uruhare mu kuzamuka kw’ubukungu muri rusange no gukomeza kubahiriza ibidukikije n’amahame arambye.

Isilande, izwiho kuba nyaburanga nyaburanga n’umurage udasanzwe w’umuco, itanga serivisi zitandukanye zo gutanga ibikoresho kugirango zunganire ibikorwa byubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Hano hari serivisi zisabwa muri Isilande: 1. Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere: Isilande ifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ikirere, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga ni ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Keflavik hafi ya Reykjavik. Indege nyinshi zitwara imizigo zikorera muri Isilande, zitanga igisubizo cyiza cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere ku gutwara ibicuruzwa ku isi. Ikibuga cyindege kandi gitanga serivisi zitandukanye kugirango gikore neza kandi gitangwe neza. 2. Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Nkigihugu cyirwa, imizigo yo mu nyanja igira uruhare runini murusobe rwibikoresho bya Islande. Igihugu gifite ibyambu byinshi mu buryo bufatika hafi y’inyanja yacyo ikora ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. Ibyambu nka Port ya Reykjavík na Port ya Akureyri bitanga ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo hamwe na serivisi zizewe za gasutamo. 3. Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda: Isilande ifite umuyoboro witerambere witerambere uhuza imijyi minini minini mugihugu. Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda bukoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byo murugo cyangwa gutwara ibicuruzwa mububiko bwamasosiyete kubicyambu cyangwa ibibuga byindege kugirango byoherezwe cyangwa bitumizwa hanze. 4. Ibikoresho byububiko: Ububiko butandukanye buri mu gihugu hose butanga ibisubizo byububiko kubyoherejwe mbere yuko bikwirakwizwa cyangwa byoherezwa hanze. Ibi bikoresho bitanga ibikorwa remezo bigezweho hamwe nububiko bugenzurwa nubushyuhe kubintu byangirika nkibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja cyangwa imiti. 5 Imfashanyo yo gutumiza gasutamo: Kugira ngo byoroherezwe gutumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ibigo bishinzwe ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo muri Isilande birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi amabwiriza y’impapuro, ibyangombwa bisabwa, ibyiciro by’imisoro, hamwe n’imibare y’imisoro byemeza kubahiriza inshingano zemewe n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo bwa Islande. 6 E-ubucuruzi Logistics Solutions: Hamwe n’iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi ku isi hose, amasosiyete y’ibikoresho yo muri Islande yateguye ibisubizo byihariye kugira ngo akemure ibyo urwego rukeneye. Harimo serivisi zo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma zihuza sisitemu yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa kumurongo bigatuma umusaruro utangwa neza. Serivisi ishinzwe imiyoborere ikonje: Urebye aho uherereye hafi y’amazi ya Arctique, abatanga ibikoresho byo muri Islande bazobereye mu micungire y’imiyoboro ikonje kubera ibiribwa byo mu nyanja bifite ireme ndetse n’ibindi byoherezwa mu mahanga. Bafite ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukonjesha no kugenzura ubushyuhe kugirango barebe ubwiza nubwiza bwibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gutwara. 8 Abashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho (3PL): Abashoramari bashaka ibisubizo byuzuye bya logistique barashobora kwifashisha serivisi zitangwa nabatanga 3PL muri Islande. Izi sosiyete zitanga serivisi ziheruka kugeza ku ndunduro, zirimo ububiko, ubwikorezi, gucunga ibarura, kuzuza ibicuruzwa, no kugabura. Muri rusange, Isilande ifite ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere bitanga serivisi zinyuranye zorohereza ubucuruzi bworoshye n’isi yose. Yaba ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere, imizigo yo mu nyanja, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda cyangwa serivisi zihariye zo gucunga imbeho ukeneye; Abatanga ibikoresho bya Islande barashobora guhaza ibyo ukeneye neza.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Isilande, igihugu gito kirwa giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, birasa nkaho bidashoboka ko abaguzi mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwerekana. Nyamara, iki gihugu kidasanzwe gitanga imiyoboro myinshi yingenzi yo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga kandi ikakira imurikagurisha ritandukanye. Imwe munzira zingenzi ziva mubicuruzwa biva muri Isilande ni mubikorwa byuburobyi. Isilande ifite kimwe mu bibanza byinshi byo kuroba ku isi, bigatuma iba isoko ishimishije yo kugura ibiribwa byo mu nyanja. Igihugu cyohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by’amafi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka cod, haddock, na arctic char mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga barashobora kugirana umubano utaziguye n’amasosiyete y’uburobyi ya Islande cyangwa gukorana n’abatunganya amafi yo muri Islande bashobora kubahuza nabatanga isoko ryizewe. Urundi rwego rukomeye mu gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Isilande ni ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera ingufu. Nkigihugu cyishingikiriza cyane kumasoko ya geothermal na hydropower, Islande yateje imbere ubuhanga buhanitse mubisubizo byingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Ikoranabuhanga rya geothermal muri iki gihugu rimaze kumenyekana ku isi kandi ryerekana amahirwe meza ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibikoresho by’ingufu zisukuye cyangwa gushakisha ubufatanye n’ibigo bya Islande bifite uruhare mu mishinga y’ubutaka. Inganda zivuka nkikoranabuhanga ryamakuru (IT) hamwe niterambere rya software nabyo bitanga inzira zishoboka zo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Islande. Hamwe n'abakozi bize cyane kandi bafite ubumenyi-buhanga, Isilande yabonye iterambere mu gutangiza IT kabuhariwe mu bijyanye no guteza imbere porogaramu, ikoranabuhanga ry'imikino, hamwe no gukemura amakuru. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibisubizo bishya bya IT barashobora gukorana naya masosiyete yo muri Islande kugirango bashakishe ubufatanye cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi n’imurikagurisha bibera muri Isilande buri mwaka cyangwa buri gihe, hari ibintu byinshi byingenzi bikurura abitabiriye amahugurwa mpuzamahanga: 1. Inama yo kwamamaza kuri Reykjavik (RIMC): Iyi nama yibanze ku buryo bwo kwamamaza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Ihuza abanyamwuga baturutse kwisi yose kugirango basangire ubumenyi kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo kwamamaza kumurongo, ubushishozi bwamamaza imbuga nkoranyambaga, uburyo bwo gushakisha moteri ishakisha, nibindi. 2. Inteko ya Arctic Circle: Nkibikorwa ngarukamwaka byabereye i Reykjavik kuva 2013, Inteko ya Arctic Circle itanga urubuga rwibiganiro mpuzamahanga kubibazo bya Arctique. Irakira abafata ibyemezo, abahagarariye imiryango kavukire, abahanga, n'abayobozi mu bucuruzi kugirango baganire ku ngingo nk'iterambere rirambye, inzira zo kohereza, umutungo w'ingufu, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. 3. Imurikagurisha ry’uburobyi bwa Islande: Iri murika ryerekana iterambere rigezweho mu nganda z’uburobyi, ritanga urubuga rw’abatanga ibikoresho, abubaka ubwato, abatunganya amafi, n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bagize uruhare muri uwo murenge kugira ngo berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi. 4. UT Messan: Yateguwe n’ubumwe bwa Islande bw’abaguzi babigize umwuga (UT), iki gitaramo cy’ubucuruzi cyibanze ku bibazo bijyanye n’amasoko. Ibirori bihuza abatanga ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zitandukanye kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi mugihe batanga amahirwe yo guhuza abanyamwuga bashaka kwagura amasoko yabo. Binyuze muri ibyo imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha hamwe n’imiyoboro yashyizweho nko guhuza inganda z’uburobyi cyangwa gukorana n’amasosiyete y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu cyangwa IT yatangije IT muri Isilande, abaguzi mpuzamahanga barashobora kwishora mu itangwa ry’iki gihugu kidasanzwe. Nubwo ari ntoya, Isilande ifite ubushobozi bukomeye nkisoko y’ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja bifite ubuziranenge cyangwa nk’umufatanyabikorwa mu nganda zinyuranye kuva ku bisubizo by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ndetse no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Isilande, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa zisa nizikoreshwa kwisi yose. Dore zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zizwi muri Isilande hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Google (https://www.google.is): Google niyo moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose, kandi irazwi cyane muri Islande. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi hamwe na serivisi zinyongera nkamakarita, ibisobanuro, amakuru, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing (https://www.bing.com): Bing ni indi moteri izwi cyane yo gushakisha ikunze gukoreshwa muri Islande nk'uburyo bwa Google. Itanga gushakisha muri rusange hamwe nibiranga amashusho, videwo, amakuru yerekana amakuru, n'amakarita. 3. Yahoo (https://search.yahoo.com): Yahoo Shakisha ifite abakoresha bayo muri Islande, nubwo ishobora kuba idakunzwe cyane ugereranije na Google na Bing. Kimwe nizindi moteri zishakisha, Yahoo itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gushakisha nko gucukumbura imitwe yamakuru kuva kwisi yose cyangwa gushakisha amashusho. 4. DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo ishyira imbere ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha idakurikirana amakuru yihariye cyangwa abakoresha imyirondoro yamamaza. Yiyongereyeho abantu bahangayikishijwe n’ibanga rya interineti muri Isilande no ku isi yose. 5. StartPage (https://www.startpage.com): StartPage ni moteri ishakisha yibanga yibanga ikora nka proksi hagati yabakoresha nizindi moteri nyamukuru nka Google mugihe urinda amazina. 6. Yandex (https: Izi ni zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Isilande abaturage bishingikiriza kubibazo byabo bya buri munsi kumurongo nubushakashatsi.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Isilande, igihugu gito cyo mu kirwa cyo mu majyaruguru ya Atalantika, gifite impapuro nyinshi zingenzi z'umuhondo zita ku nganda na serivisi zitandukanye. Hano hari bimwe mubisobanuro byurupapuro rwumuhondo muri Isilande hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Umuhondo.is - Umuhondo.ni nubuyobozi bwa interineti bukubiyemo ubucuruzi butandukanye nabatanga serivisi muri Islande. Harimo urutonde rwamacumbi, resitora, serivisi zitwara abantu, abatanga ubuvuzi, ibigo byubucuruzi, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga rwumuhondo.ni ni https://en.ja.is/. 2. Njarðarinn - Njarðarinn nubuyobozi bwuzuye bwihariye mukarere ka Reykjavik nibukikije. Itanga amakuru kubucuruzi bwaho harimo resitora, amaduka, amahoteri, amabanki hamwe nimero yihutirwa na serivisi ziboneka muri kariya gace. Urubuga rwa Njarðarinn ni http://nordurlistinn.is/. 3. Torg - Torg kabuhariwe mu gutondekanya amatangazo yashyizwe ahagaragara n'abantu ku giti cyabo n'abashoramari batanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi muri Isilande. Kuva mubintu bitimukanwa kugeza kumahirwe yakazi cyangwa imodoka zo kugurisha, Torg ikora nkurubuga abantu bashobora kubona ibicuruzwa bitandukanye haba bishya kandi bikoreshwa mugihugu cyose. Urubuga rwa Torg ni https://www.torg.is/. 4.Herbergi - Herbergi itanga icyegeranyo cyurutonde rwibanda cyane cyane kumacumbi nkamahoteri, inzu zabatumirwa, uburiri & ifunguro rya mugitondo bikwirakwizwa mu turere dutandukanye twa Islande harimo n’ubukerarugendo buzwi nka Reykjavik cyangwa Akureyri.Urubuga rwabo urashobora kubisanga kuri https: // herbergi. com / en. 5 www.jafnrettisstofa.is/icyongereza. Ububiko butanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubintu bitandukanye byubucuruzi bwa Islande, serivisi, n'amahirwe. Wibuke ko zimwe murubuga zishobora kuboneka mururimi rwa Islande gusa, ariko urashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byabasemuzi kugirango uyobore kurupapuro.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Muri Isilande, hari urubuga rukomeye rwa e-ubucuruzi rutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Islande hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Aha.is (https://aha.is/): Aha.ni nimwe murubuga runini rwo kugura kumurongo muri Islande. Itanga ibyiciro bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo murugo, imyambaro, kwisiga, ibitabo, nibindi byinshi. 2. Olafssongs.com (https://www.olafssongs.com/): Olafssongs.com ni urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo kugura CD z'umuziki hamwe na vinyl records muri Islande. Itanga icyegeranyo kinini cyumuziki wa Isilande nu mahanga muburyo butandukanye. 3. Heilsuhusid.is (https://www.heilsuhusid.is/): Heilsuhusid. 4. Tolvutaekni.is (https://tolvutaekni.is/): Tolvutaekni. ibinini kimwe nibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano muri Islande. 5. Hjolakraftur.dk (https://hjolakraftur. Isilande. 6. Costco.com: Nubwo atari urubuga rushingiye kuri Islande, Costco.com itanga ibicuruzwa byayo muri Islande. Batanga uburyo bwinshi bwo kugura ibiribwa, ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo ku giciro cyagabanijwe. 7. Hagkaup (https://hagkaup.is/): Hagkaup ikora mububiko bwumubiri kandi ifite kumurongo urubuga rutanga imyenda kubagabo, abagore & abana hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibindi bikoresho byo murugo. Izi ni zimwe mu ngero zingenzi za e-ubucuruzi bukomeye muri Islande. Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko hariho nububiko buto bwihariye bwihariye bwo kumurongo bwita kubicuruzwa byihariye.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Isilande, igihugu cy’izinga cya Nordic mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n’abaturage bacyo. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Isilande hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni imwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Islande. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, guhuza amatsinda nibyabaye, no kuvumbura amakuru namakuru. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter ni urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane muri Isilande rwo gusangira ubutumwa bugufi (tweet) n'urusobe rw'abayoboke. Irakoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvugurura amakuru ako kanya, ibitekerezo, ibiganiro ku ngingo zitandukanye, kimwe no gukurikira imibare rusange. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto yemerera abakoresha gusangira ubunararibonye bwabo binyuze mumashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi iherekejwe na capita na hashtags. Abanya Islande benshi bakoresha Instagram kugirango berekane ubwiza nyaburanga bw'igihugu cyabo. 4. Snapchat (www. 5. LinkedIn (www. 6. Reddit (www.reddit.com/r/Iceland/): Reddit itanga abaturage kumurongo aho abakoresha bashobora gutanga ibirimo nkibisobanuro byanditse cyangwa amahuza ataziguye akubiyemo ingingo zitandukanye zirimo ibiganiro byamakuru bijyanye na Islande kuri r / iceland subreddit. 7. Guhura: Imbaraga zikomeye kwisi yose aho ushobora gusangamo guhura ukurikije inyungu zitandukanye / ahantu hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe byaho! 8.Binyuze muri Almannaromur.niyo ushobora no kubona amahuriro atandukanye & uburambe bwitsinda ukurikije inyungu zawe & ahantu Nyamuneka menya ko arimwe muma mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane abantu bagera muri Islande, kandi hashobora kuba hari andi mahuriro yihariye yabaturage cyangwa amatsinda yinyungu nayo akoreshwa cyane.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Isilande, igihugu cyirwa cya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, kizwiho ibyiza nyaburanga hamwe n’imiterere yihariye ya geologiya. Ubukungu bwigihugu bushingiye cyane ku nganda zinyuranye zigira uruhare mu kuzamuka no gutera imbere. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Islande: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikora ingendo (SAF): Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo bakora inganda z’ubukerarugendo muri Isilande. Urubuga rwabo ni www.saf.is. 2. Ihuriro ry’inganda zo muri Isilande (SI): SI iteza imbere inyungu z’amasosiyete y’inganda akorera mu nzego nk’inganda, ubwubatsi, ingufu, n’ikoranabuhanga. Andi makuru murayasanga kuri www.si.is/en. 3. Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi na serivisi (FTA): FTA ihagarariye amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byinshi, ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, serivisi, amahoteri, resitora, ubwikorezi, itumanaho, imari, ubwishingizi n’ibindi. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri www.vf.is/enska/icyongereza. 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki y’ubucuruzi yemewe na Leta (LB-FLAG): LB-FLAG ihagarariye banki z’ubucuruzi zemewe zikorera mu rwego rw’imari ya Islande mu rwego rwo kurengera inyungu zabo bwite no guteza imbere ubufatanye n’inzego zibishinzwe. Urubuga rwabo ni www.lb-flag.is/en/urugo/. 5.Ikigo mpuzamahanga cyo guhugura indege (ITFC): ITFC itanga gahunda zamahugurwa yumwuga kubanyeshuri b’abenegihugu ndetse n’amahanga bifuza kuba abapilote cyangwa guteza imbere umwuga wabo w’indege. Urubuga rwarwo rushobora kuboneka kuri www.itcflightschool.com 6.Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu nyanja zo mu gihugu cya Isilande: Iri shyirahamwe ryita ku nganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku nyanja zigira uruhare mu kohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja zo muri Islande ku isi hose. Shaka amakuru menshi kurubuga rwabo: www.icelandicseafoodexporters.net Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Islande; hari indi miryango myinshi ihagarariye inzego zitandukanye zigira uruhare mubukungu bwigihugu muri rusange.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Isilande, igihugu cy’izinga cya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite ubukungu bukomeye bwibanda cyane ku nganda nk’uburobyi, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ubukerarugendo n’inganda zihanga. Hano hari urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi bijyanye na Islande: 1. Gushora muri Isilande - Urubuga rwemewe rwa Promote Islande rutanga amakuru kumahirwe atandukanye yo gushora imari mugihugu. Itanga ubushishozi mubice byingenzi namakuru yuzuye kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwa Islande. Urubuga: https://www.invest.is/ 2. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Isilande - Bikorwa na Promote Isilande, uru rubuga rukora nk'ihuriro ryamakuru kubohereza ibicuruzwa muri Islande. Itanga uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru yubumenyi bwisoko, imibare yubucuruzi, amakuru yinganda nibyabaye. Urubuga: https://www.icelandicexport.is/ 3. Urugereko rwubucuruzi rwa Islande - Urugereko ni urubuga rukomeye kubucuruzi bukorera muri Islande. Urubuga rwarwo rutanga ibikoresho kubucuruzi bushaka gushiraho ubufatanye cyangwa guhuza ibigo byaho. Urubuga: https://en.chamber.is/ 4. Minisiteri y’inganda n’udushya - Iri shami rya leta riteza imbere ubukungu binyuze mu guhanga udushya no guteza imbere inganda muri Isilande. Urubuga rwabo rutanga uburyo bwo kugera kuri politiki yubukungu, ibikorwa kimwe nibisobanuro birambuye ku ngamba zihariye z’umurenge. Urubuga: https://www.stjornarradid.is/raduneyti/vidskipta-og-innanrikisraduneytid/ 5. Ihuriro ry’abakoresha ba Isilande - Guhagararira abakoresha mu nzego zinyuranye zo muri Isilande, uyu muryango uremeza ko inyungu zabo zirindwa binyuze mu bikorwa by’ubuvugizi mu nzego zifata ibyemezo ku rwego rw’igihugu. Urubuga: https://www.saekja.is/icyongereza 6.Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubucuruzi & Serivisi (LÍSA) - LÍSA ihagarariye ibigo muri serivisi z’ubucuruzi hamwe n’amasosiyete arenga 230 aturuka mu bucuruzi butandukanye nko gucuruza ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ubucuruzi by’imitungo itimukanwa byinjira mu biro bishinzwe ingendo za mudasobwa resitora n'ibindi. Urubuga: http: //lisa.is/default.asp? Cat_id = 995 & main_id = 178 Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubashoramari, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, nubucuruzi bashaka kumva isoko rya Islande no gucukumbura amahirwe yubucuruzi.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari amakuru yubucuruzi yibibazo byurubuga rwa Islande: 1. Gasutamo ya Islande - Urubuga rwemewe rw’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo rutanga uburyo bwo kubona imibare n’ubucuruzi bitandukanye. Urashobora kubona amakuru kubyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibitumizwa mu mahanga, ibiciro, n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://www.customs.is/ 2. Ibarurishamibare Isilande - Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare cya Isilande gitanga amakuru yuzuye hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi. Urashobora kubona imibare itumizwa no kohereza hanze mubihugu, ibicuruzwa, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: https://www.statice.is/ 3. Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Isilande - Urubuga rwa minisiteri rutanga amakuru ku mibanire y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga irimo Islande. Urashobora kubona raporo kumasezerano yubucuruzi byombi, abafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi, amahirwe yo gushora imari, no kuzamura ibicuruzwa hanze. Urubuga: https://www. 4. Banki nkuru ya Islande - Urubuga rwa banki nkuru rutanga ibipimo byubukungu bijyanye nubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Islande. Harimo amakuru ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha, impuzandengo y’imibare yishyuwe ijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, igipimo cy’ifaranga kigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gihugu. Urubuga: https://www.cb.is/ 5. Eurostat - Eurostat ni ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Nubwo idasanzwe muri Isilande yonyine itanga amakuru yuzuye y'ibarurishamibare ku bihugu by’Uburayi harimo amakuru ajyanye no gutumiza / kohereza mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nka Islande. Urubuga: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora gutanga ibirimo mururimi rwicyongereza na Islande; urashobora guhinduranya hagati yabo ukoresheje amahitamo yururimi aboneka kuri buri rubuga. Buri gihe birasabwa gucukumbura neza kurubuga kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byihariye cyangwa amasoko yinyongera ashobora kuguha amakuru yukuri ajyanye nibibazo byubucuruzi bwa Islande.

B2b

Isilande, igihugu cy’izinga cya Nordic giherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru, gifite urubuga rwa B2B rworohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Dore amwe mumahuriro akomeye ya B2B muri Islande: 1. Gutangiza Isilande (www.icelandicstartups.com): Uru rubuga ruhuza abatangiye, ba rwiyemezamirimo, n'abashoramari muri Islande. Itanga umwanya wo kwerekana ibitekerezo bishya, gushaka amahirwe yo gutera inkunga, no guhuza nabashobora gufatanya. 2. Teza imbere Isilande (www.promoteiceland.is): Ikora nk'urubuga rwemewe rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwa Islande ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Itanga amakuru ku nganda zitandukanye nk'ubukerarugendo, ibiribwa byo mu nyanja, ingufu zishobora kubaho, inganda zihanga, n'ibindi. 3. Eyrir Ventures (www.eyrir.is): Isosiyete yigenga y’imigabane ikorera muri Isilande yibanda ku ishoramari cyane cyane mu masosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga akorera ku isi. Ihuriro rigamije gushyigikira iterambere ryabatangiye udushya batanga igishoro nubuyobozi bufatika. 4. Urubuga rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (www.exportportal.com): Nubwo bidasanzwe muri Islande gusa, iyi platform ya B2B yisi yose yemerera ubucuruzi buturutse kwisi yose guhuza no guhahirana kumurongo umwe. Irimo ibyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, ibiryo & ibinyobwa, imyenda & imyenda aho amasosiyete yo muri Islande ashobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo. 5.Samskip Logistics (www.samskip.com): Isosiyete ikomeye itwara abantu ifite icyicaro i Reykjavik itanga serivisi zihuriweho n’ibikoresho ku isi hose harimo ibisubizo by’ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda bigenewe cyane cyane inganda zitandukanye nk'uburobyi cyangwa gucuruza. 6.Ubucuruzi Isilande (www.businessiceland.is): Ikorwa nishoramari mu kigo cya Isilande - itanga amakuru ajyanye n'amahirwe yo gushora imari mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi / iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibikorwa remezo bya ICT / imishinga y'itumanaho n'ibindi. Izi ni ingero nke gusa za platform ya B2B iboneka muri Isilande itanga serivisi zinyuranye kuva korohereza ishoramari kugeza inkunga yibikoresho kubucuruzi bukorera imbere cyangwa bashaka guhuza amasoko ya Islande.