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Incamake y'igihugu
Ubugereki, buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Hellenic, ni igihugu cy'Uburayi bw'Amajyepfo giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'igice cya Balkan. Ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 10.4 kandi ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 131.957. Ubugereki buzwiho amateka akomeye kandi bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mico y'iburengerazuba. Bifatwa nkaho ariho havuka demokarasi, filozofiya, ubuvanganzo, n'ikinamico. Igihugu gifite umurage gakondo ufite ahantu nyaburanga nka Acropolis muri Atenayi yerekana akamaro kayo mu mateka. Irazengurutse inyanja eshatu: Inyanja ya Aegean mu burasirazuba, inyanja ya Iyoniya mu burengerazuba, n'inyanja ya Mediterane mu majyepfo. Ubugereki bufite ibyiza nyaburanga birimo inyanja itangaje ifite amazi meza asukuye, imisozi ihebuje nk'umusozi wa Olympus - uzwi mu migani nk'imana imana - n'ibirwa byiza nka Santorini na Mykonos. Umuco w'Abagereki washinze imizi mu muco gakondo ariko unakira ibintu bigezweho. Abenegihugu ni abantu bafite umutima ususurutsa baha agaciro ubumwe bwumuryango no kwakira abashyitsi. Ibyokurya byubugereki bitanga ibyokurya biryoshye nka moussaka na souvlaki bizwi kwisi yose. Ubukerarugendo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw'Ubugereki kubera ubwiza nyaburanga hamwe n'amateka. Abashyitsi bakunze kwisukiranya muri Atenayi kugira ngo berekane ibimenyetso nyaburanga nka Parthenon cyangwa bagenzure ahantu nyaburanga hazwi nka Kirete cyangwa Rhodes. Mu myaka yashize, Ubugereki bwahuye n’ibibazo by’ubukungu biganisha ku ngamba zo kugabanuka zashyizweho n’abahawe inguzanyo mpuzamahanga nyuma yo guhura n’ikibazo cy’amafaranga guhera mu 2009; icyakora, ihora iharanira kongera ubukungu bwayo binyuze mu ivugurura. Ubugereki bwinjiye muri NATO (Umuryango w’amasezerano y’amajyaruguru ya Atlantike) mu 1952 maze binjira mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) mu 1981 kurushaho gushimangira umubano mpuzamahanga mu gihe hakomeje ubufatanye bw’umutekano mu karere n’ibihugu duturanye. Muri rusange, Ubugereki bugaragara cyane mu mateka ashimishije, ahantu nyaburanga, umuco utangaje ariko ugasangira ibyifuzo by'iki gihe ku bijyanye n'ubukungu bwifashe neza mu gihe bikomeje kuba byiza bikurura ba mukerarugendo ku isi.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Ubugereki buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Hellenic, ni umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuva mu 1981. Ifaranga ryakoreshejwe mu Bugereki ni Euro (€), ryemejwe mu 2002 hamwe n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Mbere yo kwemeza Euro, Ubugereki bwari bufite ifaranga ryarwo ryitwa ikigereki drachma (₯). Icyakora, kubera impamvu zubukungu na politiki, Ubugereki bwafashe icyemezo cyo guhinduka mugukoresha ifaranga rusange ryama Euro mubikorwa byubukungu. Kuva icyo gihe, ibiciro byose byibicuruzwa na serivisi mu Bugereki byavuzwe muri Euro. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Ubugereki bwakiriye neza kandi bwinjira mu rwego rwa politiki y’ifaranga rya Euro. Ibi bivuze ko ibyemezo bijyanye n’inyungu n’itangwa ry’amafaranga bikemurwa na Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi (ECB) aho kugenzurwa na banki nkuru y’Ubugereki. Gukoresha Euro nk'ifaranga risanzwe byazanye inyungu n'ibibazo ku Bugereki. Ku ruhande rumwe, byorohereza ubucuruzi mu Burayi kubera ko bidakenewe guhinduranya amafaranga kenshi iyo ukora ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’Ubugereki no kugira ifaranga mpuzamahanga rizwi cyane nka Euro ryoroshya ubucuruzi ku bashyitsi baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye. Ariko, irerekana kandi ibibazo mugihe cyubukungu bwifashe nabi cyangwa ihungabana ryamafaranga. Kuva yinjira mu karere ka Euro, Ubugereki bwahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu biganisha ku kibazo cy’imyenda kizwi cyane guhera mu mwaka wa 2010. Igihugu cyahuye n’ifaranga ryinshi n’ubushomeri mu gihe cyo guharanira inguzanyo zahawe n’ibigo mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange, uyumunsi umuntu arashobora gukoresha ama euro mubugereki mugihe mugura cyangwa mugukora ibikorwa byubukungu. Amabanki atanga serivisi nko kuvunja amafaranga y’amahanga muri Euro cyangwa gukuramo amafaranga muri ATM ukoresheje amakarita yinguzanyo cyangwa amakarita yo kubikuza yemewe ku isi yose. Mu gusoza, kuva yatangira Euro nkifaranga ryayo ryemewe muri 2002; Abagereki bagurishije drachma yabanjirije igihugu ku ma euro ahuza rwose na politiki y’imari y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yashyizweho na ECB
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe ry'Ubugereki ni Euro (€). Kubijyanye n’ivunjisha ry’ifaranga rikuru, dore imibare igereranijwe (guhera muri Nzeri 2021): - 1 Euro (€) bingana hafi na 1.18 US $ (USD). - 1 Euro (€) bingana na 0.85 Pound yo mu Bwongereza (GBP). - 1 Euro (€) ihwanye na 130 Yapani Yapani (JPY). - 1 Euro (€) bingana hafi na 1.50 by'amadolari ya Australiya (AUD). - Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cyivunjisha gihora gihindagurika kandi gishobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu bitandukanye nkibihe byamasoko niterambere ryubukungu. Burigihe nibyiza kugenzura amasoko yizewe cyangwa ibigo byimari kubiciro bigezweho mbere yo gukora ibikorwa byose.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubugereki, igihugu gikungahaye ku mateka n'imigenzo, bizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye mu mwaka. Dore bimwe mubirori bikomeye byubugereki: 1. Umunsi w’ubwigenge bw’Abagereki (25 Werurwe): Uyu munsi mukuru w’igihugu wibukije urugamba rw’Ubugereki bwo guharanira ubwigenge ku bwami bwa Ottoman mu 1821. Uyu munsi urangwa n’imyigaragambyo, imihango yo kuzamura ibendera, n'imbyino gakondo. 2. Pasika (amatariki atandukanye): Pasika ni umunsi mukuru w’amadini n’umuco mu Bugereki. Ubusanzwe igwa kumunsi utandukanye na Pasika yuburengerazuba kubera itandukaniro riri hagati ya kalendari ya Geregori na Julian. Abagereki bitabira ibikorwa by'itorero, bakitabira imirishyo ikomeye yitwa "lambade", bakishimira amafunguro yo mu muryango, kandi bakitabira urugendo ruzwi cyane rwa buji ruzwi ku izina rya "Anastasi." 3. Umunsi wa Ohi (28 Ukwakira): Uzwi kandi ku izina rya "Umunsi w’igihugu cy’Ubugereki," uyu munsi mukuru wibutsa Ubugereki bwanze kwiyegurira Ubutaliyani mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu 1940. Mu birori harimo ibirori bya gisirikare, ibirori by’ishuri byerekana gukunda igihugu, kwerekana amateka y’Ubugereki, na disikuru yo gukunda igihugu. 4. Amacumbi ya Bikira Mariya (15 Kanama): Azwi ku izina rya "Umunsi wo Kwibwira," uyu munsi mukuru w’idini wizihiza ukuzamuka kwa Mariya mu ijuru nyuma y'urupfu rwe nk'uko imyizerere ya orotodogisi mu Bugereki. Abantu benshi bitabira ibikorwa byitorero bikurikirwa nifunguro ryibirori hamwe nimiryango. 5. Igihe cya Apokries cyangwa Carnival: Iki gihe cyibirori gikunze kuba muri Gashyantare cyangwa mu ntangiriro za Werurwe mbere yuko igisibo gitangira mubukristo bwa orotodogisi. Abagereki bambara imyambarire, bifatanya na parade nini yo kumuhanda irimo ibara ryamabara meza numuziki gakondo mugihe bihisha ibiryo nkibiryo bya karnivali bita "Lagana" cyangwa ibiryo nyama nka souvlaki. 6.Umunsi wa Gicurasi (1 Gicurasi): Umunsi wa Gicurasi wizihizwa mu Bugereki hamwe n’imyigaragambyo yateguwe n’amashyirahamwe atandukanye y’abakozi n’amashyaka ya politiki aharanira uburenganzira bw’abakozi hamwe n’ibiterane mbonezamubano nka picnike cyangwa ibirori byo hanze byerekana ibitaramo bya muzika. Iyi minsi mikuru itanga ubushishozi ku bwenegihugu bw'Ubugereki, umurage ndangamuco, n'imyizerere ishingiye ku idini. Ni ingenzi cyane mu kwimakaza ubumwe, kubungabunga imigenzo, no kwishimira ibyo igihugu cyagezeho.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Ubugereki n'igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi kizwiho amateka n'umuco bikungahaye. Ukurikije uko ubucuruzi bwifashe, Ubugereki bufite ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwarwo. Ibitumizwa mu mahanga: Ubugereki bushingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo abaturage babyo n'inganda bakeneye. Ibicuruzwa byingenzi bitumizwa mu mahanga birimo imashini, ibinyabiziga, amavuta ya peteroli, imiti, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, n’imiti. Ibyo bicuruzwa bikomoka cyane cyane mu bihugu nk'Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Ubufaransa, n'Ubuholandi. Umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byerekana ko Ubugereki bushingiye ku bicuruzwa byo hanze kugira ngo bishyigikire ibyo mu gihugu. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga: Ubugereki bwohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu bukungu bwabwo. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo ibiryo bitunganijwe (nk'amavuta ya elayo), ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu, imyenda / imyenda (nk'imyenda), plastiki / ibikoresho bya reberi (harimo gupakira plastike), imbuto / imboga (nk'amacunga n'inyanya), na ibinyobwa nka vino. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye bohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bugereki ni Ubutaliyani Turukiya Ubudage Kupuro Amerika Amerika Buligariya Misiri Ubwongereza Iraki Libani yo muri Arabiya Sawudite Rumaniya Ubushinwa Libiya Ubusuwisi Seribiya Ubuholandi Uburusiya Ubufaransa Ububiligi Isiraheli Alubaniya Polonye Otirishiya Repubulika Tchèque Repubulika y'Abarabu Kanada Ubuhinde Slowakiya Espagne Tuniziya Qatar Lith uania Burezili Maleziya Jeworujiya Ubuyapani Afurika yepfo Yorodani Koweti Suwede L iebtenstein Krist ntabwo e Hosp i tal. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bifasha kwinjiza Ubugereki mu gihe biteza imbere umubano mpuzamahanga. Impirimbanyi z'ubucuruzi: Muri rusange impirimbanyi z’ubucuruzi zirashobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ubukungu bw’isi cyangwa izindi mpamvu zigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw’Abagereki. Mu mateka naho, Ubugereki bwari busanzwe bufite icyuho cy’ubucuruzi - bivuze ko agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga karenze agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga - bigira uruhare mu bibazo by’ubukungu igihugu gifite. Mu myaka yashize hashyizweho ingufu mu kuzamura irushanwa binyuze mu ivugurura ariko rikomeje kuba ingenzi ku bucuruzi bw’Abagereki, ku bigo by’abashoramari, ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa babo mu bucuruzi kugira ngo bahore bahindura ingamba kugira ngo habeho iterambere rirambye ry’imikoreshereze myiza. Muri rusange, Ubucuruzi bw'Ubugereki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bukungu bwacyo bugira ingaruka ku masoko yo mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.
Iterambere ryisoko
Ubugereki, buherereye mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo y’Uburayi, bufite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’amahanga. Igihugu gifite ibintu byinshi bituma kiba ahantu heza h’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Ubugereki bufite ahantu hafatika nk’irembo hagati y’Uburayi, Aziya, na Afurika. Umwanya wacyo ku masangano yimigabane itatu itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera kumasoko akomeye kwisi. Byongeye kandi, Ubugereki bufite inkombe nini ku nyanja ya Mediterane, ku buryo ari icyambu cyiza cy’inzira z’ubucuruzi zo mu nyanja. Icya kabiri, Ubugereki bufite inganda zinyuranye zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare mu isoko ry’amahanga. Igihugu kizwiho umusaruro w’ubuhinzi nka elayo, amavuta ya elayo, imbuto, nimboga - ibicuruzwa bishakishwa cyane ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo mu Bugereki rufite uruhare runini mu bukungu kandi rukurura abashyitsi babarirwa muri za miriyoni buri mwaka. Byongeye kandi, Ubugereki bufite ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa kubera umuco gakondo wo mu nyanja. Amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa mu Bugereki ari mu binini ku isi kandi afite uruhare runini mu miyoboro mpuzamahanga y'ibikoresho. Iyi myanya y'Ubugereki nk'umukinnyi ukomeye mu bucuruzi ku isi kandi itanga amahirwe yo kurushaho kwaguka no gushora imari. Byongeye kandi, ivugurura ry’ubukungu riherutse guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu gihugu no kongera icyizere cy’abashoramari. Izi mbaraga zatumye hashyirwaho uburyo bwiza bwibigo byamahanga bishaka gushinga ibikorwa cyangwa gufatanya nubucuruzi bwubugereki. Icyakora, ibyo byiringiro birashobora kuba hari ibibazo bigomba gukemurwa kugirango Ubugereki bushobore kubona isoko ry’amahanga. Ibi birimo imikorere mibi ya bureucratique namabwiriza ashaje ashobora kubangamira ibikorwa byubucuruzi. Muri make, ukurikije aho uherereye, ubushobozi, gushimangira, no guteza imbere ikirere cy’ubucuruzi, Ubugereki bufite imbaraga zidasanzwe zidakoreshwa mu kurushaho guteza imbere amasoko y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nubwo hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, Ubugereki bukomeje guhagarara neza kugira ngo bushobore gukoresha amahirwe aturuka ku bucuruzi ku isi.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa byacuruzwa ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu Bugereki, ni ngombwa kwibanda ku byifuzo by’abaguzi b’Abagereki. Urebye umurage w’umuco udasanzwe w’Ubugereki, ikirere cya Mediterane, n’ubukungu bwihariye, dore ibyiciro bike by’ibicuruzwa bishobora kuzagenda neza ku isoko ry’Ubugereki: 1. Amavuta ya elayo: Ubugereki buzwiho kubyara amavuta meza ya elayo. Hamwe nikirere cyiza cyo guhinga ibiti byumwelayo, amavuta ya elayo yubugereki azwi cyane kubera uburyohe butandukanye nibyiza byubuzima. Kwagura uru rwego utanga amahitamo kama cyangwa uburyohe bushobora gukurura abaguzi benshi. 2. Amavuta yo kwisiga asanzwe: Abagereki bashima ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byita kuruhu bikozwe mubintu byaho nkubuki, ibyatsi, nu munyu winyanja. Gushimangira ikoreshwa ryibintu bisanzwe mumirongo yo kwisiga nka cream yo mumaso, amasabune, namavuta birashobora gushimisha abakoresha ubuzima. 3. Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa gakondo: Gutanga ibicuruzwa gakondo byubugereki nka feta foromaje, ubuki, vino (nka retsina), icyayi cyibimera (nkicyayi cyumusozi), cyangwa ibiryo byaho bizakurura abenegihugu ndetse nabakerarugendo bashaka kumenya uburyohe bwa Mediterane. 4. Ubukorikori: Abagereki bishimira umurage wabo w'ubuhanzi; ubukorikori rero bukozwe mububumbyi, ibicuruzwa byuruhu (nka sandali cyangwa imifuka), imitako (byatewe nigishushanyo cya kera), cyangwa imyenda idoda birashobora kubona abakiriya bakomeye mubukerarugendo bashaka urwibutso rudasanzwe. 5. Serivisi zijyanye n'ubukerarugendo: Urebye Ubugereki bukunzwe cyane nk'ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa n'ibirwa byiza ndetse n'ahantu h'amateka nka Acropolis ya Atenayi cyangwa ahahoze ari kera ya kera ya kera ya Delphi- harasabwa ibikoresho by'ingendo nk'amakarita / ubuyobozi / ibitabo bivuga amateka y'Abagereki / umuco / ururimi; ibipapuro byurugendo byerekana ibintu bitamenyekana bitamenyekana birashobora kandi kwiyambaza ingenzi zidasanzwe zishakisha uburambe. Wibuke ko ubushakashatsi bukwiye mumyitwarire yabaguzi binyuze mubushakashatsi cyangwa isesengura ryisoko bizatanga ubushishozi bwagaciro mugihe uhisemo ibicuruzwa bizagurishwa neza kumasoko yubucuruzi bwubugereki bwubugereki.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Ubugereki, buherereye mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo y’Uburayi, bufite umwihariko w’abakiriya na kirazira. Iyo ukora ubucuruzi nabakiriya ba kigereki, ni ngombwa kumva ko umubano wumuntu uhabwa agaciro cyane. Abagereki bahitamo gukora ubucuruzi nabantu bazi kandi bizeye. Kubaka ubwumvikane bukomeye no gushiraho umubano wihariye ningirakamaro kugirango bagirire ikizere nubudahemuka nkabakiriya. Abakiriya b'Abagereki bashima kwakira abashyitsi no kubasuhuza. Biramenyerewe gusuhuza ukuboko mukubonana, biherekejwe no guhuza amaso no kumwenyura neza. Ibiganiro bito kubyerekeye umuryango, ikirere, cyangwa siporo birashobora gufasha gushiraho ubwumvikane mbere yo kuganira kubibazo byubucuruzi. Kwubahiriza igihe ntibishobora gukomera mu Bugereki nko mu bindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Abagereki bakunze kugira imyifatire yisanzuye kubijyanye nigihe kandi barashobora kuhagera bitinze kubiterane. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, biracyakenewe ko ubucuruzi bwamahanga bugera mugihe cyangwa hakiri kare gato kubaha ababakiriye. Kubijyanye nuburyo bwitumanaho, abakiriya b'Abagereki barashobora kwerekana kandi barashobora kwishora mubiganiro cyangwa ibiganiro mpaka mugihe cy'inama. Guhagarika mugenzi wawe rimwe na rimwe mugihe cyibiganiro nabyo birasanzwe mubagereki; byerekana ishyaka ariko ntibigomba kumvikana nabi nkimyitwarire yubupfura. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ingingo zimwe zigomba kwirindwa mugihe cyo kuganira nabakiriya ba kigereki. Kumva neza ibibazo bya politiki cyangwa amateka ajyanye n’amateka nk’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose bishobora gukumira amakimbirane cyangwa kutumvikana. Mubisanzwe, kuganira kumikoreshereze yumuntu ku giti cye nabyo byafatwa nkibidakwiye; ahubwo wibande ku kubaka umubano mbere yo kwibira muburyo bwimari. Byongeye kandi irinde kugereranya hagati yUbugereki n’ibihugu bituranye nka Turukiya kubera amakimbirane akomeye y’amateka hagati yabo. Ubwanyuma, mugihe utanga impano cyangwa guhana amakarita yubucuruzi, kora wubaha ukoresheje amaboko yombi - iki kimenyetso kigaragaza ko wubaha ubumuntu bwakiriwe aho kurangiza guhana byihuse. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira z'umuco bizafasha guteza imbere umubano mwiza nabakiriya ba kigereki mugihe bakora ubucuruzi mubugereki.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Ubugereki bufite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga gasutamo kugira ngo bugenzure urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'abinjira n'abasohoka mu gihugu. Nk’umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubugereki bukurikiza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bijyanye no kugenzura gasutamo kugira ngo umutekano urusheho, gukusanya imisoro, no gukumira ibikorwa bitemewe nka magendu. Iyo winjiye cyangwa usohoka mu Bugereki, hari ingingo zingenzi ugomba kuzirikana. Mbere na mbere, abagenzi bagomba kwemeza ko bafite pasiporo yemewe izamara nibura amezi atatu arenze ayo bagenewe. Abatari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bashobora kandi gukenera viza yo kwinjira bitewe n'ubwenegihugu bwabo. Ku mipaka y'Ubugereki, haba ku bibuga by'indege no ku byambu, hari aho bagenzura gasutamo aho abayobozi bashobora kugenzura imizigo bakabaza ibibazo bijyanye n'urugendo rwawe. Ni ngombwa gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose birenze imipaka yemerewe ukurikije ubwinshi cyangwa agaciro kugirango wirinde ibihano cyangwa kwamburwa. Twabibutsa ko ibintu bimwe na bimwe bibujijwe gutumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa koherezwa mu Bugereki. Harimo ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe, intwaro / ibisasu, ibicuruzwa byiganano bibangamira uburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge (nkibicuruzwa byabigenewe byabigenewe), ubwoko bwinyamanswa zirinzwe / ibicuruzwa bikomokaho (nk'inzovu), nibindi bintu binyuranyije n’ubuzima rusange cyangwa amategeko y’umutekano. Byongeye kandi, ibibujijwe byihariye bikurikizwa kubijyanye no gutwara amafaranga mugihe winjiye / usohoka mubugereki. Dukurikije amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo kuva mu 2013/2014 ibibazo by’amafaranga byabaye mu Burayi; abantu ku giti cyabo bagomba gutangaza amafaranga arenga € 10,000 (cyangwa amafaranga ahwanye nayandi mafranga) mugihe bagiye cyangwa bava mubugereki. Mugihe utwaye imiti yandikiwe nawe irimo ibintu byashyizwe mu biyobyabwenge cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu mutwe n'amasezerano mpuzamahanga hakurikijwe amategeko y’Ubugereki bisaba gutanga ibyangombwa nkimpapuro zandikirwa ninzobere mu buvuzi zemewe. Muri rusange gukurikiza aya mategeko bizatuma inzira yawe yo kwinjira / gusohoka byoroha kandi ikumire ibibazo byose byemewe n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo mu Bugereki mu gihe bizakunezeza igihe cyawe cyo gusuzuma iki gihugu cyiza gikungahaye ku mateka n'ibitangaza kamere.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Ubugereki, kimwe n'ibindi bihugu byinshi, bufite politiki yihariye y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo igenzure ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu. Umusoro utumizwa mu mahanga ni uburyo bwo gusoresha ku bicuruzwa byinjizwa mu Bugereki bivuye mu mahanga. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu Bugereki kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibyiciro bimwe bisanzwe birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi, imashini zinganda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n’imodoka. Ibi biciro birashobora kuva kuri 0% kubicuruzwa bimwe kugeza kuri 45% kubintu byiza. Usibye igipimo fatizo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, Ubugereki bukoresha kandi umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro mu Bugereki kuri ubu gishyizwe kuri 24%, ariko hari ibiciro byagabanijwe ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by'ingenzi nk'ibiribwa n'ubuvuzi. Kugirango umenye imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga n'abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa ubucuruzi butumiza ibicuruzwa mu Bugereki, agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga bisuzumwa hashingiwe ku gaciro ka gasutamo. Ibi bikubiyemo ibintu nkibiciro byubwikorezi n’amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ajyanye no kuzana ibyo bicuruzwa mu Bugereki. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Ubugereki buri mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), bivuze ko bukurikiza politiki y’ubucuruzi y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bifite amasezerano y’ubucuruzi adasanzwe n’Ubugereki bitanga ubuvuzi bwihariye cyangwa kugabanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bitumizwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa ko abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa ubucuruzi butumiza ibicuruzwa mu Bugereki kubahiriza inzira zose za gasutamo no gutanga inyandiko zuzuye zerekeye ibyo zitumizwa mu mahanga. Kutabikora birashobora kuvamo amafaranga yinyongera cyangwa ibihano byashyizweho nubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa na politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu Bugereki ni ngombwa ku muntu uwo ari we wese ugira uruhare mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’iki gihugu. Iremeza kubahiriza amabwiriza y’Ubugereki kandi ikanafasha kugereranya ibiciro bishobora guterwa no gutumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mubugereki.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu Bugereki igamije guteza imbere inganda zo mu gihugu no kurengera ubukungu bw’igihugu. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro itandukanye ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze hashingiwe ku miterere n'agaciro. Ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi, Ubugereki bushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gusoresha mu byiciro. Ibicuruzwa byibanze nkimbuto, imboga, n ibinyampeke bitangirwa umusoro muke cyangwa bisonewe burundu. Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bitunganijwe nkamavuta ya elayo, vino, nibikomoka ku mata akenshi bihura n’imisoro myinshi kubera agaciro kiyongereye. Byongeye kandi, Ubugereki bushishikarizwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bitanga imisoro n'inkunga. Inganda zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nko gukora imyenda na elegitoroniki zishimira kugabanuka kw'imisoro kugira ngo zongere ubushobozi bwabo ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ariko, ibintu bimwe na bimwe birashobora gukumirwa cyangwa kubuzwa kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibicuruzwa bifite amateka cyangwa umuco bifite akamaro gakomeye bigengwa kubungabunga umurage wigihugu. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byingenzi bijyanye numutekano wigihugu birashobora gusaba uruhushya rwihariye mbere yo kohereza hanze. Kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Ubugereki bushyiraho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga ku gipimo gikurikizwa bitewe n'icyiciro cyabo. Nyamara, ubucuruzi bukunze kwishora mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga burashobora kwifashisha gahunda zinyuranye zo gusubiza umusoro ku nyongeragaciro zigamije kugabanya imisoro ibiri kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ubugereki kandi bukomeza amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ibihugu byinshi ku isi bikuraho cyangwa bigabanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa byihariye. Aya masezerano yorohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bitanga amahirwe ku masoko yo hanze. Mu gusoza, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu Bugereki igamije kuzamura ubukungu mu buryo bunoze mu kurengera inyungu z’inganda zo mu gihugu. Mu gushishikariza inzego zimwe na zimwe binyuze mu kugabanya imisoro no guteza imbere kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi binyuze mu buryo bunoze bwo gusubiza imisoro ku nyongeragaciro, igihugu gikora mu kunoza umubano w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Ubugereki nigihugu gifite amateka n’umuco bikungahaye, kandi gifite kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa ku isi hose. Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Ubugereki bwashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zo kwemeza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyemezo cyo kohereza mu mahanga mu Bugereki gikubiyemo intambwe zitandukanye zo kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge n'amabwiriza asabwa mbere yo kuva mu gihugu. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ni ukureba niba amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi yubahirizwa, nkayashyizweho n’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO). Aya masezerano afasha koroshya imikorere yubucuruzi buboneye mubihugu bigize uyu muryango. Byongeye kandi, Ubugereki busaba kandi abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kubona ibyemezo byihariye bishingiye ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa byabo. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (CAP). Ibi byemeza ko ibipimo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa byujujwe kandi bikagabanya ingaruka zose z’ubuzima ziterwa n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, izindi nganda nkinganda zishobora gusaba ibyemezo byubuziranenge nka ISO (International Organization for Standardization) cyangwa CE (Conformité Européene). Izi mpamyabumenyi zisobanura kubahiriza ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya tekiniki cyangwa ibisabwa ku mutekano ku bicuruzwa mu mirenge runaka. Kugira ngo bafashe ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kubona ibyemezo bya ngombwa, Ubugereki bwashyizeho amashyirahamwe nka Enterprises Ubugereki na Hellenic Accreditation System-Hellas Certificat muri Minisiteri y'Iterambere n'ishoramari. Ayo mashyirahamwe atanga ubuyobozi kuburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, gutanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nibisabwa byemezwa, gukora ubugenzuzi nibikenewe, no gutanga ibyemezo bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri rusange, Ubugereki bwumva akamaro ko kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu kugirira icyizere abaguzi mu mahanga mu gihe hubahirizwa amahame mpuzamahanga. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye, ubucuruzi bw’Abagereki bushobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa byizewe kandi byujuje ubuziranenge ku masoko mpuzamahanga - bigira uruhare mu mibanire myiza y’ubucuruzi ku isi ndetse no gushyigikira iterambere ry’ubukungu mu gihugu.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Ubugereki, buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Hellenic, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi. Kimwe n'igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose, urwego rw'ibikoresho no gutwara abantu rufite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira ubukungu bwarwo no gutuma ibicuruzwa na serivisi bigenda neza. Dore bimwe mubyifuzo bya logistique kubugereki: 1. Ibikorwa Remezo byicyambu: Ubugereki bufite ibyambu byinshi byingenzi nkamarembo yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Piraeus muri Atenayi ni kimwe mu byambu binini byo mu Burayi kandi bitanga umurongo mwiza muri Aziya, Afurika, n'Uburayi. Ibindi byambu bikomeye birimo Thessaloniki, ikora nk'irembo ryinjira mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, n’icyambu cya Patras giherereye mu burengerazuba bw’Ubugereki. 2. Serivisi zitwara imizigo yo mu kirere: Niba ukunda gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere mu gutwara ibicuruzwa byihuse cyangwa ibintu byangirika, Ubugereki bufite ibibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga byita kuri serivisi zitwara imizigo. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Atene nicyo kibuga cyibanze gifite imizigo yabugenewe itanga uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya no gutumiza gasutamo. Ibibuga byindege byinyongera nkikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Thessaloniki nabyo bitanga ibikoresho byimizigo. 3. Umuhanda w'imihanda: Ibikorwa remezo by'imihanda y'Ubugereki bihuza uturere dutandukanye mu gihugu byorohereza imikorere y'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu. Umuhanda wa Egnatia (Egnatia Odos) unyura mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki uhuza Igoumenitsa (inkombe y'iburengerazuba) na Alexandroupolis (inkombe y'iburasirazuba), bityo bikazamura umubano hagati y'ibihugu bituranye nka Alubaniya na Turukiya. 4. Serivisi za gari ya moshi: Mugihe imiyoboro yo mumuhanda yiganje mu bwikorezi mu Bugereki, serivisi za gari ya moshi zirashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwo gutwara imizigo nk'ibicuruzwa byinshi cyangwa imashini ziremereye mu ntera ndende cyangwa ingendo zambukiranya imipaka cyane cyane zerekeza mu bihugu by'Uburayi bw'Amajyaruguru. 5.Ibikoresho byo guhunikamo: Umuyoboro ukomeye wububiko ubaho mu Bugereki byorohereza ubucuruzi kubika ibicuruzwa neza mbere yo kugabura cyangwa kohereza hanze. Ahantu h’inganda zerekeza mu mahanga nko mu mijyi minini y’ibyambu itanga ububiko bwihariye bufite ibikoresho remezo bigezweho byorohereza ibikorwa byambukiranya imipaka. . 6.Ibice bitatu-bitanga ibikoresho (3PLs): abatanga amasoko menshi ya 3PL yigihugu bakorera mubugereki bushobora gutanga serivisi zuzuye mubikoresho birimo ubwikorezi, ububiko, hamwe na gasutamo. Gufatanya nuwitanga 3PL uzwi birashobora koroshya ibikorwa byawe byo gutanga no kuzamura imikorere. Mu gusoza, Ubugereki bufite umuyoboro w’ibikoresho wateye imbere ugizwe n’ibyambu, ibibuga by’indege, ibikorwa remezo by’imihanda, hamwe n’ububiko bw’ububiko bufasha kugenda neza mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. Gukoresha ibyo bikoresho hamwe no gufatanya nabatanga serivisi zizewe birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi gukora neza ibikoresho no gutanga amasoko mugihugu.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Ubugereki n'igihugu gikungahaye ku mateka, umuco, n'ubwiza nyaburanga. Mu myaka yashize, yanabaye ahantu nyaburanga mu bucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Abaguzi benshi bakomeye mpuzamahanga bareba Ubugereki gushaka ibicuruzwa bitandukanye no gushyiraho ubufatanye. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyakira imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha byinshi byingenzi nkurubuga rwiza rwo guhuza abaguzi n’abagurisha. Imwe mu nganda zingenzi mu Bugereki ni ubukerarugendo. Igihugu gikurura ba mukerarugendo babarirwa muri za miriyoni buri mwaka, bigatuma hakenerwa ibicuruzwa bijyanye no kwakira abashyitsi, nk'ibikoresho bya hoteri, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, ubwiherero, n'ibindi. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga muri uyu murenge bakunze gushakisha isoko ry’imbere mu Bugereki cyangwa bagafatanya n’abatanga isoko kugira ngo bahure ibyo basabwa. Urundi ruganda rukomeye mu Bugereki ni ubuhinzi. Ubutaka burumbuka bwubugereki butanga umusaruro wimbuto nziza, imboga, amavuta ya elayo, vino, ibikomoka kumata, nibindi, bishakishwa nabaguzi kwisi. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakunze gukorana namakoperative yubuhinzi yubugereki cyangwa abahinzi kugiti cyabo kugura ibyo bicuruzwa. Ubugereki nabwo bufite urwego rukungahaye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Itanga amabuye y'agaciro nka bauxite (ubutare bwa aluminium), inzoga za nikel (zikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda), amabuye y'agaciro mu nganda (urugero, bentonite), igiteranyo cya hekeste (ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi), amabuye ya marimari / ibisate / amabati (marble izwi cyane mu Bugereki) , nibindi. Ibikoresho bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka abatanga ibikoresho byizewe. Byongeye kandi, Ubugereki bufite inganda zo mu mazi zateye imbere kubera aho ziherereye ndetse n’ibyambu byinshi. Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga yubaka ubwato akunze gufatanya nubwubatsi bwubwato bwubugereki kubaka ubwato cyangwa kubona ibikoresho byo mumazi bikenewe mubikorwa byabo. Ku bijyanye n’imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha ryabereye mu Bugereki: 1. 2) Philoxenia: Ni imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry'ubukerarugendo ribera i Tesalonike kandi ryibanda ku kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, birimo amahoteri, ibigo by'ingendo, indege, abakora ingendo, n'ibindi. 3) Imurikagurisha ryibiribwa Ubugereki: Iri murika ryubucuruzi ryabereye muri Atenayi ryerekana ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa by’Abagereki. Ikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no kubona ibiribwa byiza byo mu Bugereki. 4) Posidoniya: Azwi nk'ibikorwa byo mu nyanja bizwi cyane ku isi, Posidoniya yakiriye amasosiyete atandukanye akorera mu nzego zitandukanye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwo gutwara abantu. Abaguzi muri uyu murenge basuye ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga ryubaka ubwato, ibikoresho byo mu nyanja, abatanga ibikoresho byabigenewe, nibindi. 5) AgroThessaly: Bibera mu mujyi wa Larissa (hagati mu Bugereki), iri murika ryibanda ku buhinzi / gutunganya ibiribwa / ubworozi / guhanga udushya. Abaguzi bombi b'Abagereki ndetse n’amahanga bashishikajwe no gushakisha iyi mirenge mu gihe cya AgroThessaly. Izi ni ingero nke gusa zingenzi zingenzi ziterambere ryabaguzi mpuzamahanga nubucuruzi byerekana ko Ubugereki butanga. Umutungo ukungahaye mu gihugu n'inganda zinyuranye bituma uba ahantu heza ku baguzi ku isi bashaka ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa gushaka amahirwe yo gufatanya.
Mu Bugereki, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. Google (https://www.google.gr): Google niyo moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ku isi, harimo no mu Bugereki. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi, urupapuro rwurubuga, amashusho, ingingo zamakuru, amakarita, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing (https://www.bing.com): Bing niyindi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane itanga imikorere isa na Google. Itanga gushakisha kurubuga kimwe no gushakisha amashusho. 3. Yahoo (https://www.yahoo.gr): Yahoo ni moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ifite ibintu bitandukanye birimo gushakisha kurubuga hamwe namakuru yamakuru. Nubwo idashobora gukoreshwa cyane nka Google cyangwa Bing mu Bugereki, iracyafite ishingiro ryabakoresha. 4. DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo yihagararaho mu zindi moteri zishakisha yibanda ku buzima bwite bw'abakoresha. Ntabwo ikusanya amakuru yihariye cyangwa ikurikirana ibikorwa byabakoresha kumurongo. 5. Yandex (https://yandex. Izi nimwe mumoteri ishakisha ikoreshwa mubugereki; hashobora kubaho abandi baboneka kimwe bitewe nibyifuzo byawe bwite nibikenewe byihariye.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Mu Bugereki, urubuga nyamukuru rwurupapuro rwumuhondo ni: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Ubugereki - Urupapuro rwemewe rwumuhondo ububiko bwubucuruzi na serivisi mubugereki. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwibikorwa byashyizwe mu nganda n’ahantu. Urubuga: www.urubuga.gr 2. 11880 - Itanga ububiko bwa interineti bwubucuruzi na serivisi mubugereki. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye, kubona amakuru arambuye, no kubona abakiriya. Urubuga: www.11880.com 3. Xo.gr - Ubucuruzi buzwi cyane kumurongo wubucuruzi butuma abakoresha bashakisha ibyiciro bitandukanye nka resitora, amahoteri, abaganga, abanyamategeko, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.xo.gr 4. Allbiz - Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bukubiyemo urutonde rwamasosiyete yubugereki atanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi zitandukanye. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ukurikije icyiciro cyangwa izina ryisosiyete. Urubuga: greece.all.biz/en/ 5. Umufatanyabikorwa wubucuruzi - Ipaji yumuhondo igenewe cyane cyane abanyamwuga b'Abagereki bashaka imikoranire cyangwa abatanga ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Urubuga: www.businesspartner.gr 6. YouGoVista - Ubu bubiko bwo kumurongo butanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwaho mubugereki nka resitora, amahoteri, amaduka, ibigo nderabuzima, nibindi, hamwe nibisobanuro byabakoresha. Urubuga: www.yougovista.com 7. Ubuyobozi bwa Hellas - Gutangaza urutonde rwububiko bwacapwe kuva mu myaka ya za 90 harimo impapuro zera zo guturamo ndetse nu rupapuro rwumuhondo rwubucuruzi rushingiye ku turere two mu Bugereki. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari zimwe mu mpapuro zingenzi z'umuhondo ububiko buboneka mu Bugereki; icyakora, hashobora kubaho ubundi buyobozi bwakarere cyangwa bwihariye bwaboneka kimwe ukurikije ibyo ukeneye cyangwa aho uri mugihugu

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Ubugereki, igihugu cy’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi buzwiho amateka akungahaye ndetse n’ahantu heza nyaburanga, gifite urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi rwita ku byo abaturage bakeneye bakeneye. Bimwe mubikorwa byibanze bya e-ubucuruzi mubugereki ni: 1. Skroutz.gr (https://www.skroutz.gr/): Skroutz ni rumwe mu mbuga za interineti zizwi cyane zo kugereranya ibiciro mu Bugereki. Iyemerera abaguzi kugereranya ibiciro no gusuzuma ibicuruzwa kubacuruzi benshi kumurongo. 2. Rusange.gr (https://www.public.gr/): Rusange ni umucuruzi uzwi cyane wo mu Bugereki ucuruza kumurongo utanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibitabo, ibikinisho, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, nibindi byinshi. 3. Plaisio.gr (https: 4. e-shop.gr (https://www.e-shop.gr/): e-iduka itanga amahitamo atandukanye yibicuruzwa bijyanye na tekinoroji nka mudasobwa, periferiya, kamera, telefone zigendanwa ziva mubirango bitandukanye. 5. InSpot (http://enspot.in/) - InSpot ni isoko ryo kumurongo ryibanda cyane cyane kumyambarire yimyambarire kubagabo nabagore harimo ibikoresho byinkweto zinkweto. 6.Jumbo (https: 7.Isoko ryububiko (https://warehousebazaar.co.uk) - Ububiko bwa Bazaar ni iduka rya interineti ryihariye ku myambarire igezweho ku bagore b’abagore bombi hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo byuburanga Izi ni zimwe mu ngero zikomeye; hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga ntoya cyangwa urubuga rwihariye rwujuje ibyiciro byibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mu bucuruzi bw’Ubugereki.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Ubugereki, igihugu cyiza giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane mu Bugereki hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - Facebook ikoreshwa cyane mubugereki muguhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira ibishya, amafoto, na videwo. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - Instagram imaze kumenyekana cyane mu Bugereki mu myaka yashize. Abantu barayikoresha kugirango basangire amafoto na videwo biboneka mubyababayeho. 3. Twitter (https://twitter.com) - Twitter ni urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rukoreshwa n'Abagereki mu gusangira ibitekerezo, kuvugurura amakuru, no kujya mu biganiro ku ngingo zitandukanye. 4. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - LinkedIn ikoreshwa cyane nababigize umwuga bo mu Bugereki muguhuza no gushaka akazi. 5. YouTube (https://www.youtube.com) - YouTube yamenyekanye cyane kwisi yose kandi Ubugereki nabwo ntibusanzwe. Abagereki bakora ibintu byubugereki bakoresha urubuga kugirango basangire amashusho kumutwe utandukanye harimo umuziki, ingendo za vlogs, inyigisho zubwiza, nibindi. 6. TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com/en/) - TikTok yamenyekanye cyane ku isi hose harimo n'Ubugereki kuva yatangizwa. Abakoresha bakora videwo ngufi zishimishije muburyo butandukanye nkibishushanyo bisetsa cyangwa ibikorwa byo guhuza iminwa. 7. Snapchat (https://www.snapchat.com) - Snapchat nayo ikoreshwa mubakoresha Ubugereki mugusangira amafoto yihuta / amashusho abura nyuma yigihe gito. 8.Ibyifuzo (https: // www.p Interest .com) - Pinterest ikora nk'urubuga rutera inkunga Abagereki aho bashobora kuvumbura ibitekerezo bihanga bijyanye nimyambarire, ibishushanyo mbonera byimodoka kuva kwisi yose 9.Reddit (https: // www.reddit .com) - Reddit igera mu gice cy’Abagereki bafite ubumenyi bw’ikoranabuhanga aho bungurana ibitekerezo binyuze mu mahuriro yitwa "subreddits"; izi subreddits zikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bijyanye ninyungu zitandukanye. Izi ni imbuga nkoranyambaga nke zizwi cyane mu Bugereki. Twabibutsa ko gukundwa kwimbuga nkoranyambaga bishobora gutandukana ku bantu no mu kigero cy’imyaka, bityo hakaba hari nandi masoko menshi ashingiye ku mbuga zikoreshwa n’imiryango runaka cyangwa inyungu mu Bugereki.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Ubugereki bufite amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda zihagarariye inzego zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda mubugereki hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ihuriro ry’Abagiriki n’Ubucuruzi no kwihangira imirimo (ESEE) - ESEE ihagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi bw’Abagereki no kwihangira imirimo. Urubuga: http://www.esee.gr/ 2. Ihuriro ry’inganda z’Abagereki (SEV) - SEV ni ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi rikomeye rihagarariye inganda zikomeye mu Bugereki. Urubuga: https://www.sev.org.gr/en/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ryubukerarugendo bwubugereki (SETE) - SETE numuryango wingenzi uteza imbere kandi utera inkunga ubukerarugendo bwubugereki. Urubuga: https://sete.gr/en/ 4. Ishyirahamwe rya Banki ya Hellenic (HBA) - HBA ihagarariye ibigo by’amabanki yo mu Bugereki kandi ikora mu guteza imbere inyungu z’urwego rw’amabanki. Urubuga: http://www.hba.gr/eng_index.asp 5. Ishyirahamwe ryohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (PSE) - PSE ni ishyirahamwe rishyigikira kandi riteza imbere abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bugereki ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://www.pse-abatumiza.gr/en/index.php 6. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Atenayi (ACCI) - ACCI ikora nk'urubuga rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi, itanga inkunga ku masosiyete akorera muri Atenayi. Urubuga: https://en.acci.gr/ 7. Ihuriro ry’inganda mu Bugereki bw’Amajyaruguru (SBBE) - SBBE ihagarariye inganda zikora zishingiye mu Bugereki bw’Amajyaruguru, zunganira inyungu zabo ku rwego rw’akarere. Urubuga: http://sbbe.org/main/homepage.aspx?lang=en 8. Panhellenic Association for Technology Technology & Itumanaho (SEPE) - SEPE ikora mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’itumanaho n’itumanaho, bugamije gushimangira urwego rw’ubukungu bw’Ubugereki. Urubuga: http://sepeproodos-12o.blogspot.com/p/sepe.html 9. Ihuriro ry’amakoperative y’ubuhinzi (MARKOPOLIS) - MARKOPOLIS ikora nk'urubuga rw’amakoperative y’ubuhinzi mu Bugereki, itanga inkunga ku bahinzi no guteza imbere inyungu zabo. Urubuga: http://www.markopolis.gr/en/urugo Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mu guhagararira inyungu z’inganda no gushyigikira iterambere ryabo n’iterambere mu Bugereki. Nyamuneka menya ko urutonde rutuzuye, kandi hashobora kubaho andi mashyirahamwe yinganda yihariye mumirenge cyangwa uturere tumwe na tumwe mubugereki.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hariho imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi mubugereki zitanga amakuru kumirenge itandukanye yubukungu bwigihugu. Dore ingero nke hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Ikigo cy’ibarurishamibare cya Hellenic (ELSTAT) - Ikigo cy’ibarurishamibare cyemewe cy’Ubugereki, gitanga amakuru ku bipimo bitandukanye by’ubukungu. Urubuga: www.statistics.gr 2. Minisiteri y'Ubukungu n'Iterambere - Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y'Ubugereki ishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu n'iterambere. Urubuga: www.mindigital.gr 3. Enterprises Ubugereki - Ikigo cya leta gishinzwe gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu Bugereki ku isi. Urubuga: www.enterprisegreece.gov.gr 4. Isoko ryimigabane rya Atenayi (ATHEX) - Ivunjisha nyamukuru mu Bugereki, ritanga amakuru kubigega, ibipimo, nibikorwa byubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.helex.gr 5. Ihuriro ry’inganda zo mu majyaruguru y’Ubugereki (FING) - Ihuriro ry’inganda zo mu karere zihagarariye ibigo mu Bugereki bw’Amajyaruguru. Urubuga: www.sbbhe.gr 6. Ishyirahamwe ryohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bugereki (SEVE) - Ihagarariye ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bugereki mu nganda zitandukanye kandi bitanga umutungo mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: www.seve.gr 7. Ihuriro ry’inganda zikora ibiribwa (SEVT) - Umuryango udaharanira inyungu uhagarariye inyungu z’inganda z’ibiribwa mu Bugereki ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Urubuga: www.sevt.gr 8. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Piraeus (PCCI) - Itanga inkunga na serivisi ku bucuruzi bushingiye kuri Piraeus harimo amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.pi.chamberofpiraeus.unhcr.or.jp Izi mbuga zirashobora gutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubukungu bwubugereki, amahirwe yubucuruzi, amahirwe yishoramari, imibare yisoko, amakuru yihariye yumurenge, ndetse no kugera kumashyirahamwe yubucuruzi cyangwa inzego za leta zijyanye nubucuruzi nubucuruzi mubugereki. Nyamuneka menya ko URL zurubuga zishobora guhinduka mugihe; birasabwa rero gushakisha mu buryo butaziguye ukoresheje moteri ishakisha ukoresheje amazina y’imiryango cyangwa ijambo ryibanze bijyanye nubukungu nubucuruzi bwUbugereki.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zubucuruzi bwibibazo byubugereki ushobora kubona kugirango ubone amakuru kubyerekeye imibare yubucuruzi bwigihugu. Dore zimwe mu mbuga hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe ibarurishamibare cya Hellenic (ELSTAT): Urubuga: https://www.statistics.gr/en/urugo 2. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu Bugereki: Urubuga: https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE 3. Banki y'Isi - Umwirondoro w’igihugu mu Bugereki: Urubuga: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/greece-igihugu-profile 4. Eurostat - Komisiyo y’Uburayi: Urubuga: https://ec.europa.eu/urubuga 5. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye - Ubugereki: Urubuga: http://comtrade.un.org/data/ Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yuzuye kandi agezweho yubucuruzi, harimo ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amafaranga yishyuwe, hamwe n’indi mibare ijyanye n’ubukungu bw’Ubugereki. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kumenya ukuri kwamakuru bishobora gutandukana muribi bibuga, bityo rero ni byiza guhuza amakuru aturuka ahantu henshi mugihe ukora ubushakashatsi cyangwa isesengura rirambuye ku bucuruzi bw’Ubugereki.

B2b

Mu Bugereki, hari urubuga rwa B2B rwinshi ubucuruzi bushobora gukoresha mu guhuza, gucuruza, no gufatanya. Dore zimwe mu mbuga za B2B zizwi cyane mu Bugereki hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. cyamunara: - Urubuga: https://www.e-auction.gr/ - Uru rubuga ni isoko ryo kumurongo aho abaguzi biyandikishije bashobora kwitabira cyamunara kugirango bagure ibicuruzwa na serivisi. 2. Abagereki bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: - Urubuga: https://www.greekexporters.gr/ - Abagereki bohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bugereki bakora nk'ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku bakora inganda, abatanga ibicuruzwa, n'abatanga serivisi bafunguye ubufatanye ku bucuruzi ku isi. 3. Bizness.gr: - Urubuga: https://bizness.gr/ - Bizness.gr itanga urubuga rwubucuruzi mu Bugereki kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi mugihe bahuza nabafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abakiriya haba mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga. 4. Urubuga rwubucuruzi rwa Hellas (HBN): - Urubuga: http://www.hbnetwork.eu/ - HBN ni umuyoboro wubucuruzi kumurongo worohereza umubano hagati ya ba rwiyemezamirimo b'Abagereki imbere mu gihugu kimwe n'abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga binyuze mu birori, ihuriro, n'amahirwe yo gukorana. 5. Ihuriro ryamasoko yinzego za leta yubugereki (diavgeia): - Urubuga: https://www.diavgeia.gov.gr/en/web/guest/urugo - Diavgeia ni urubuga rwa e-amasoko akoreshwa n’inzego za Leta z’Ubugereki mu mucyo mu bikorwa byo gutanga amasoko ya Leta, bitanga umuyoboro w’ubucuruzi kugera ku masoko ya leta no kugira uruhare mu gupiganira amasoko. 6. Ihuriro ry’Abagiriki (SEV) B2B Ihuriro: - Urubuga: http://kpa.org.gr/en/b2b-ibikorwa - Ihuriro rya SEV B2B ryibanda ku korohereza ubufatanye hagati y’amasosiyete y’abanyamuryango b’ishyirahamwe ry’imishinga ya Hellenic (SEV), rigamije guteza imbere imikoranire hagati y’ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe atandukanye kubucuruzi bwo guhuza nabafatanyabikorwa, gushakisha uburyo bushoboka mubucuruzi, no kwishora mubikorwa bya B2B mubikorwa bitandukanye. Nibyiza gusura urubuga rwa buri rubuga kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye kuri serivisi zabo nuburyo bashobora gushyigikira ibikorwa byawe byihariye.
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