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Incamake y'igihugu
Kazakisitani, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Qazaqistan, ni igihugu cyo muri Aziya yo hagati gihana imbibi n'Uburusiya mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba, Ubushinwa mu burasirazuba, Kirigizisitani na Uzubekisitani mu majyepfo, na Turukimenisitani mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 2.72 (kilometero kare 1.05), nicyo gihugu cyenda kinini ku isi. Umurwa mukuru wa Kazakisitani ni Nur-Sultan, ahahoze hitwa Astana kugeza mu 2019 ubwo yahindurwaga izina nyuma yo gushingwa Perezida Nursultan Nazarbayev. Umujyi munini muri Qazaqistan, ariko, ni Almaty. Kazakisitani ifite ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye n’ibibaya binini bigizwe na bibiri bya gatatu by'ubutaka bwayo. Irimo kandi imisozi nka Altai na Tian Shan mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Igihugu gifite ikirere gikabije cyumugabane wizuba hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije. Hafi y’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 19, Qazaqistan ifite abaturage bagizwe ahanini n’Abanyakazakani b’amoko hamwe n’Abarusiya bake. Ururimi rwemewe ni Qazaqistan ariko Ikirusiya gikomeje kuvugwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubucuruzi na guverinoma. Ubukungu bwa Qazaqistan bushingiye cyane ku mutungo kamere nka peteroli, gaze, amakara n’amabuye y'agaciro nka uranium n'umuringa. Ni umwe mu bambere ku isi batanga umusaruro w’umutungo ugira uruhare runini mu kuzamuka kwa GDP. Mu myaka yashize, hashyizweho ingufu mu gutandukanya ubukungu bwacyo binyuze mu iterambere ry’inganda harimo n’ahantu ho guhanga udushya. Kazakisitani yabonye ubwigenge muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1991, kuva icyo gihe ikurikiza politiki yibanda ku ihungabana rya politiki no kuzamuka mu bukungu bikurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Ikomeza umubano w’ubucuti n’ibihugu duturanye mu gihe igira uruhare rugaragara mu mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga arimo Umuryango w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EAEU) n’umuryango w’ubufatanye bwa Shanghai (SCO). Umuco ukize, Kazakisitani yizihiza imigenzo gakondo nka Nauryz Meyrami (Umwaka mushya) na Kurban Ait (ibirori nyuma ya Hija). Imiziki gakondo na siporo nka Kokpar (umukino ugendera ku ifarashi) byerekana umurage ndangamuco wigihugu. Mu gusoza, Qazaqistan ni igihugu kinini kandi gitandukanye cyo muri Aziya yo hagati kizwiho umutungo kamere, ubukungu butera imbere byihuse, nimbaraga zo kuvugurura. Irakomeza kwihatira kwishyiriraho ejo hazaza heza mugihe irinda umuco gakondo.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Qazaqistan ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati gifite ifaranga ryacyo, cyitwa Kazakisitani tenge (KZT). Tenge yabaye ifaranga ryemewe rya Qazaqistan kuva mu 1993 igihe yasimburaga amafaranga y'Abasoviyeti. Kugeza ubu, amadolari y'Abanyamerika agera kuri 426 KZT. Igipimo cy'ivunjisha gishobora guhinduka bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye z'ubukungu. Ifaranga riza mu madorari y'ibiceri n'ibiceri. Inoti ziboneka mu madorari 200, 1.000, 2000, 5.000, na 10,000. Ibiceri biraboneka mumadini mato nka tenge 1 no hejuru ya 500. Mu gihe ubucuruzi bumwe na bumwe bwemera amafaranga y’amahanga nk’amadolari y’Amerika cyangwa amayero ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe, birasabwa kugira amafaranga y’ibanze mu ntoki kugira ngo akoreshe umunsi ku munsi muri Kazakisitani. Muri rusange, ifaranga muri Qazaqistan ryagumye rihagaze neza mu myaka mike ishize. Nyamara, abagenzi basuye cyangwa bakagumaho igihe kirekire bagomba gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru yose ashobora kugira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha cyangwa amabwiriza ajyanye no kuvunja amafaranga. Ni ngombwa kwitonda mugihe uhanahana amafaranga kandi ukemeza ko ubikora kuri banki zemewe cyangwa serivisi zivunjisha zizwi kugirango wirinde uburiganya cyangwa fagitire mpimbano. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa na tenge ya Qazaqistan nuburyo ihagaze bizafasha abashyitsi kugana ibikorwa byubukungu mugihe bagenda muri Qazaqistan neza.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Qazaqistan ni tenge ya Kazakisitani (KZT). Kubijyanye nigipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja, nyamuneka menya ko bishobora guhinduka kandi bishobora gutandukana bitewe ninkomoko nigihe. Hano hari igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja guhera mu Kwakira 2021: - 1 USD (Amadorari y'Amerika) ≈ 434 KZT - 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 510 KZT - 1 GBP (Pound yo mu Bwongereza) ≈ 594 KZT - 1 JPY (Ikiyapani Yen) ≈ 3.9 KZT Nyamuneka uzirikane ko ibi biciro bigamije amakuru gusa kandi birashobora gutandukana mugihe runaka. Kubiciro bigezweho kandi byukuri, birasabwa kugisha inama ikigo cyimari cyizewe cyangwa gukoresha igikoresho cyo guhindura amafaranga kumurongo.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Kazakisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, yizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'umwaka. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye ni Nauryz Meyrami, uzwi kandi ku izina rya Spring Festival. Iyi minsi mikuru ya kera iranga intangiriro yimpeshyi kandi yizihizwa ku ya 22 Werurwe buri mwaka. Nauryz Meyrami ni ibirori bishimishije kandi bikomeye byashinze imizi mu migenzo n'imigenzo ya Qazaqistan. Igereranya ubumwe, kuvugurura, n'intangiriro nshya. Muri ibi birori, abantu bambara imyenda gakondo kandi bitabira ibikorwa bitandukanye byumuco. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize Nauryz Meyrami ni ugushiraho umudugudu wigihugu aho abantu bashobora kwibonera ubuzima bwimuka. Imikino gakondo nka "Kokpar," umukino wo gukurura ifarashi umeze nka polo ariko ukinishwa nintumbi yihene aho kuba umupira, urategurwa muriki gihe. Imiryango ihurira hamwe kugirango yishimire ibirori hamwe nibiryo gakondo nka "beshbarmak" (ibiryo by'inyama bitangwa kuri noode). Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi muri Qazaqistan ni umunsi w'intsinzi, wizihizwa ku ya 9 Gicurasi buri mwaka. Uyu munsi wibutse Intsinzi yatsinze Ubudage bw'Abanazi mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose kandi iha icyubahiro abahoze mu rugamba bose baharanira ubwisanzure mu gihe cy'intambara. Muri ibyo birori harimo imyigaragambyo ya gisirikare, kwerekana imiriro, imihango yo gushyira indabyo ku nzibutso z’intambara, n'ibitaramo birimo indirimbo zo gukunda igihugu. Byongeye kandi, "Rukhani Zhangyru" cyangwa Umunsi wo Kuvugurura Umwuka bikwiye kuvugwa cyane kuko byatangijwe vuba aha hagamijwe guteza imbere iterambere ry’umwuka mu baturage hagati y’ibikorwa bigezweho byakozwe na guverinoma ya Qazaqistan. Iyi minsi mikuru igira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umuco wa Kazakisitani mu kwerekana imigenzo gakondo yagiye ikurikirana uko ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana ndetse ikanubahiriza amateka akomeye yagize uruhare muri Qazaqistan uko imeze ubu.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Qazaqistan ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yo hagati kizwiho umutungo kamere, cyane cyane mu ngufu n'ubuhinzi. Igihugu cyagize uruhare runini mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, cyohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu bihugu bitandukanye. Ibicuruzwa byingenzi byoherezwa mu gihugu cya Qazaqistan birimo peteroli na gaze, ibyuma (nk'umuringa, aluminium, na zinc), imiti, imashini n'ibikoresho bya mashini. Iki gihugu nicyo gitanga peteroli nini muri Aziya yo hagati kandi gifite ububiko bwa gaze karemano. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibicanwa biva mu bucukuzi bifite uruhare runini mu byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Qazaqistan. Usibye umutungo w'ingufu, Qazaqistan nayo yohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi nk'ingano, sayiri, ipamba, imbuto n'imboga. Igihugu gifite ubutaka bwubuhinzi burumbuka butanga umusaruro wibihingwa byiza. Ibyoherezwa mu buhinzi byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare mu bucuruzi bwa Kazakisitani mu kwinjiza amafaranga ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihe igihugu ahanini gishingiye ku kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugira ngo bikomeze ubukungu bwacyo, binatumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo imashini n'ibikoresho, ibinyabiziga (cyane cyane imodoka), imiti n'ibicuruzwa. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye ba Qazaqistan barimo Uburusiya - bufitanye umubano w’ubukungu kubera impamvu z’amateka - Ubushinwa, Ubutaliyani Ubudage n'Ubufaransa. Ibi bihugu bitumiza umutungo w’ingufu kimwe n’ibindi bicuruzwa bya Qazaqistan. Mu rwego rwo koroshya ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi biteza imbere ubukungu haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma ya Qazaqistan yafashe ingamba nko gusinya amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ibihugu byinshi birimo Turukiya, Umuryango w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ndetse no kugira uruhare rugaragara mu mashyirahamwe yo mu karere nk’umuryango w’ubufatanye bwa Shanghai (SCO). Muri rusange, Qazaqistan ifite uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bw’isi yose yifashisha umutungo kamere kamere hamwe no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Ni imbaraga zikomeje gukorwa mu gufungura amahirwe mashya, ndateganya ko Qazaqistan izakomeza guteza imbere umwanya wayo ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Iterambere ryisoko
Kazakhstan, located in Central Asia, has significant potential for foreign trade market development. First and foremost, the country is rich in natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals. This abundance of resources presents opportunities for international trade partnerships and investments. Additionally, Kazakhstan shares borders with multiple countries including China and Russia. These neighboring economies provide access to large consumer markets and serve as potential transit routes for trade between Europe and Asia. The country's strategic location along the ancient Silk Road further enhances its position as a hub for regional commerce. Moreover, Kazakhstan has been proactive in establishing favorable business conditions to attract foreign investors. The government has implemented various reforms aimed at improving the ease of doing business by simplifying administrative procedures and enhancing legal protections. These efforts have resulted in increased foreign direct investment inflows. In recent years, Kazakhstan has diversified its economy away from dependence on oil revenues by focusing on sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, logistics, tourism, and renewable energy. This diversification strategy offers opportunities for international businesses looking to enter or expand their presence in these growing industries. Furthermore, Kazakhstan is a member of various regional organizations such as the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). These memberships facilitate trade relations with neighboring countries while also providing access to preferential trading agreements with member states. Lastly but importantly, the Kazakh government actively encourages innovation-led growth through initiatives like the "Digital Kazakhstan" program that seeks to develop a digital ecosystem conducive to economic competitiveness. Overall, Kazakhstan's vast natural resources coupled with its favorable geographical location make it an attractive destination for foreign trade investment. The government's commitment to improving business conditions further boosts its potential as a thriving market for international companies seeking new opportunities in Central Asia.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Kugirango duhitemo ibicuruzwa bizwi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Qazaqistan, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu by’ubukungu, umuco, n’umuguzi. Intambwe zikurikira zirashobora gufasha muburyo bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa: 1. Isesengura ryisoko: Kora isesengura ryuzuye ryisoko rya Qazaqistan kugirango umenye inzira n'ibisabwa bitandukanye. Sobanukirwa n'imbaraga zo kugura abaguzi, ibyo bakunda, hamwe nubuzima bwabo. 2. Kumenya urwego rwiterambere: Menya urwego rwingenzi rwiterambere mubukungu bwa Qazaqistan nkubwubatsi, ingufu, ubuhinzi, itumanaho, nubukerarugendo. Wibande ku guhitamo ibicuruzwa bihuye niyi mirenge ikeneye. 3. Ibitekerezo byumuco: Witondere umuco mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa bya Qazaqistan. Wubahe imigenzo gakondo mugihe uhitamo ibintu bishobora kwakirwa neza nabaguzi. 4. Ubushakashatsi burushanwe: Ubushakashatsi bwabanywanyi baho basanzwe bakora neza mumasoko yubucuruzi bw’amahanga ya Qazaqistan. Menya ibicuruzwa byabo hanyuma ugerageze gushaka icyuho cyangwa amahirwe aho ibicuruzwa byawe byihariye bishobora gutera imbere. 5. Ubwishingizi bufite ireme: Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe byujuje ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego mpuzamahanga byemewe ku masoko mpuzamahanga ndetse n’amabwiriza yo gutumiza muri Qazaqistan. 6. Kurushanwa kw'ibiciro: Reba ingamba zo kugena ibiciro mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze kugirango bikomeze guhatanira isoko rya Qazaqistan utabangamiye ubuziranenge. 7. Amahitamo yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere: Shakisha uburyo bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe cyane cyane kubisabwa n'abaguzi ba Qazaqistan cyangwa ibyo ukunda utabanje guhindura ibintu byingenzi byingenzi. 8.Urutonde rwibicuruzwa byabujijwe gusubiramo: Andika gusobanukirwa ibicuruzwa bibujijwe kugenzura inzego zishinzwe kugenzura nkurubuga rw’ubumwe bwa gasutamo cyangwa umuryango uwo ariwo wose wa leta bireba mbere yo guhitamo ibintu wifuza kohereza / gutumiza muri / muri Qazaqistan. 9.Ibisabwa bya logistique: Reba ibintu bijyanye n'ibikoresho birimo amafaranga yo gutwara abantu yohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyawe muri Qazaqistan mugihe uhitamo ibintu bikwiye bigamije ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. 10.Ubufatanye bw'abafatanyabikorwa: Ongera amahirwe yawe yo gutsinda ufatanya n'abacuruzi bo mu karere cyangwa abakozi bafite ubumenyi bwiza ku masoko yo mu karere kuko bashobora gutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi kubijyanye n'amahitamo azwi cyane mubakiriya bemeza ko ibintu byatoranijwe neza. 11.Ingamba zo kwamamaza: Gutegura ingamba zifatika zo kwamamaza zijyanye nisoko rya Qazaqistan. Garagaza ibintu byihariye nibyiza byibicuruzwa byatoranijwe kugirango ukurura abaguzi. Ukurikije izi ntambwe, urashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kubijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane mubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Qazaqistan, bikongerera amahirwe yo gutsinda muri iri soko.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Kazakisitani, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Qazaqistan, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati. Hamwe n’abaturage batandukanye n’umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye, Kazakisitani yerekana ibiranga abakiriya bidasanzwe. Umwe mubakiriya bakomeye baranga muri Qazaqistan ni imyumvire yabo ikomeye yo kwakira abashyitsi. Abanya Kazakisitani bazwiho gususurutsa no kwakira neza abashyitsi. Iyo ukora ubucuruzi cyangwa gusabana nabakiriya muri iki gihugu, ni ngombwa gusubiza abashyitsi mu kwerekana ko twubaha kandi dushimira imigenzo yabo. Undi mukiriya uzwi cyane uranga muri Qazaqistan ni uguhitamo umubano bwite no gukorana imbona nkubone. Kubaka ikizere binyuze mumikoranire yawe ni ngombwa mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri iki gihugu. Byaba byiza ushora umwanya mugutezimbere umubano witabira guterana cyangwa gutumira abakiriya gusangira amafunguro hanze yakazi. Ku bijyanye na kirazira cyangwa umuco wo gukangurira umuco, hari bike umuntu agomba kumenya mugihe akorana nabakiriya baturutse muri Qazaqistan. Icya mbere, ni ngombwa kwirinda kuganira ku ngingo zoroshye nka politiki cyangwa idini keretse niba undi muburanyi ubizanye ubwabo. Izi ngingo zirashobora guterana amagambo kandi birashobora kuganisha ku bihe bitameze neza. Byongeye kandi, kubahiriza igihe bihabwa agaciro cyane mu muco wa Qazaqistan; kubwibyo, kugera mugihe cyinama no kubonana ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze kwizerwa kwumwuga. Gutinda udasabye imbabazi nyazo birashobora kwangiza umubano wubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kwambara mu buryo bworoheje mugihe uhuye nabakiriya cyangwa kwitabira ibirori bisanzwe muri Qazaqistan. Ibi bivuze kwirinda imyenda igaragaza uruhu rwinshi cyangwa imyenda idakwiye ishobora gufatwa nkaho itubahirije imigenzo yaho. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no gukangurira umuco umuco wa Qazaqistan bishobora guteza imbere imikoranire myiza mu bucuruzi mu gihugu. Mu kwerekana ko wubaha imigenzo gakondo, kubaka umubano bwite ushingiye ku kwizerana, kwirinda ingingo zumvikana mugihe cyibiganiro no kubahiriza amahame yaho yerekeye kubahiriza igihe no kwambara neza bizagira uruhare muburambe bwiza mubucuruzi hamwe nabakiriya ba Qazaqistan.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kazakisitani ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yo hagati gifite imigenzo idasanzwe hamwe na gahunda y’abinjira n'abasohoka ku mbibi zayo. Hano haribintu bimwe byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo ya Qazaqistan hamwe nibitekerezo byingenzi kubagenzi: Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo: 1. Abinjira n'abasohoka: Iyo uhageze, abashyitsi bose bagomba kwerekana pasiporo yemewe hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu yemewe. Viza irashobora gusabwa, bitewe nubwenegihugu bwumugenzi. Abashyitsi bagomba kuzuza urupapuro rwabinjira, ruzashyirwaho kashe nabashinzwe imipaka. 2. Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo: Abagenzi basabwa kuzuza urupapuro rwerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, byerekana ibintu byose bazanye mu gihugu birenze amafaranga atishyurwa cyangwa ibintu bibujijwe / bibujijwe (nk'imbunda cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge). Nibyiza kubika iyi fomu kugeza igihe izagenda kuko ishobora gusabwa nabakozi ba gasutamo. 3. Imenyekanisha ry'ifaranga: Nta kibuza umubare w'amafaranga ashobora kuzanwa muri Qazaqistan; ariko, amafaranga arenga $ 10,000 (cyangwa ahwanye) agomba gutangazwa mugihe uhageze cyangwa ugiye. 4. Amafaranga atishyurwa: Amafaranga atishyurwa kubintu byihariye nkimyenda na elegitoroniki birumvikana; ariko, ibibujijwe birashobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga n'itabi. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi: 1. Ibintu bibujijwe: Qazaqistan ifite amategeko akomeye yerekeranye no gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byihariye nk'ibiyobyabwenge / ibiyobyabwenge, imbunda, amasasu, ibihangano ndangamuco bidafite ibyangombwa / ibyemezo, n'ibindi. Ni ngombwa kumenyera aya mabwiriza mbere yo gukora ingendo kugirango wirinde ibihano cyangwa ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko. 2. Ibintu bigenzurwa: Gutunga cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge / ibiyobyabwenge muri Qazaqistan birabujijwe rwose kandi bitera ingaruka zikomeye zirimo no gufungwa. 3. Ibikomoka ku nyamaswa / Ibibujijwe mu biribwa: Kuzana ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'imbuto nshya / imboga cyangwa ibikomoka ku nyamaswa nk'inyama / amata birashobora gusaba izindi mpushya / ibyangombwa kubera amabwiriza y'isuku ashyirwa mu bikorwa n'abayobozi. 4.Gusuzuma Inyandiko / Kugenzura Inyandiko: Bika ibyangombwa byurugendo rwawe hamwe na viza zikenewe zo kwinjira mugihe uzaba muri Qazaqistan. Witwaze kopi ya pasiporo yawe nibyangombwa byurugendo igihe cyose. Witondere gutanga amakuru yukuri kubashinzwe abinjira n’abinjira, kuko itandukaniro riri hagati yamakuru yatanzwe ninyandiko zifatika zishobora gutera impungenge. Ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze kandi ugakomeza kugezwaho amakuru n'amabwiriza agezweho mbere yo kujya muri Qazaqistan. Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya gasutamo bizemeza ko byinjira mu gihugu neza nta kibazo cy’amategeko cyangwa ibibazo.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Kazakisitani, kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Ubukungu bw’Uburayi (EAEU), ikurikiza politiki rusange y’imisoro yo hanze y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. EAEU ikubiyemo ibihugu nk'Uburusiya, Biyelorusiya, Arumeniya, na Kirigizisitani. Nkuko amabwiriza ya EAEU abiteganya, Qazaqistan ikoresha gahunda y’ibiciro bya gasutamo ihuriweho n’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Igipimo cy’ibiciro muri Kazakisitani kiratandukanye bitewe n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa mu byiciro bitandukanye. Kurugero, ibintu byingenzi nkibiribwa n’imiti akenshi bifite imisoro mike yo gutumiza mu mahanga cyangwa bisonewe imisoro burundu. Kurundi ruhande, ibintu byiza cyangwa ibicuruzwa bifatwa nkibyingenzi birashobora gukurura ibiciro biri hejuru. Muri rusange, Qazaqistan yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda y’ibiciro aho imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga yishyurwa hashingiwe ku bintu byihariye nk'uburemere cyangwa ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa bifite igipimo cyimisoro itandukanye ishobora kuva kuri 0% kugeza hejuru kwijana. Byongeye kandi, hashobora kubaho imisoro yinyongera n’amafaranga akoreshwa ku bicuruzwa bimwe hakurikijwe amategeko y’igihugu. Kurugero, umusoro ku musoro urashobora kwishyurwa muburyo bumwe bwibinyobwa bisindisha nibicuruzwa byitabi kugirango bigabanye kunywa cyane. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Kazakisitani rimwe na rimwe ihindura igipimo cy’ibiciro bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye by’ubukungu cyangwa amasezerano n’ibihugu duturanye mu rwego rwa EAEU. Kugirango umenye imisoro nyayo itumizwa mu mahanga ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa runaka muri Qazaqistan, ni byiza ko hajyaho amakuru yemewe nk'abayobozi ba gasutamo ya Kazakisitani cyangwa abajyanama mu bucuruzi bw'umwuga bazobereye mu mategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi muri Aziya yo hagati.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Kazakisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yo Hagati, ifite politiki y’imisoro isobanuwe neza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gushishikariza no gutera inkunga urwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ubwa mbere, Qazaqistan ikoresha umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Nyamara, uyu musoro ubusanzwe ushyirwa ku gipimo cya zeru ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byagenwe nk'ibicuruzwa bidasoreshwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi bifasha mukuzamura irushanwa ryibicuruzwa bya Qazaqisitani ku masoko mpuzamahanga kugabanya igiciro rusange. Byongeye kandi, igihugu gitanga ubusonerwe bwihariye ku misoro ya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa byatoranijwe byoherezwa mu mahanga. Uku gusonerwa kugamije gushimangira umusaruro no kohereza ibicuruzwa byihariye bifatwa nkibyingenzi cyangwa bifite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka. Urutonde rwibicuruzwa bisonewe bisubirwamo buri gihe kandi bikavugururwa hashingiwe kumiterere yisoko nibyihutirwa byigihugu. Byongeye kandi, Qazaqistan yasinyanye amasezerano n’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bitandukanye n’umuryango w’akarere kugira ngo byorohereze ubucuruzi no kugabanya inzitizi z’ubucuruzi. Aya masezerano akubiyemo ingingo zijyanye no kugabanya ibiciro cyangwa gukuraho ibyiciro byibicuruzwa byagenwe mugihe cyagenwe. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma itanga inkunga y'amafaranga kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye nk'impano, inguzanyo, gahunda y'ubwishingizi, n'ingwate. Izi ngamba zifasha kugabanya ingaruka zamafaranga zijyanye nibikorwa byohereza hanze no kongera icyizere mubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Icya nyuma ariko icy'ingenzi, Qazaqistan yashyizeho uduce twihariye tw’ubukungu (SEZ) mu gihugu hose kugira ngo ishoramari ry’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu nganda zigamije. SEZs itanga ubundi buryo bwo kongera imisoro nko kugabanya igipimo cy’imisoro ku nyungu z’amasosiyete cyangwa no gusonerwa burundu ku misoro imwe n'imwe ku bucuruzi bujuje ibisabwa bukorera muri utwo turere. Mu gusoza, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Qazaqistan ikubiyemo guhuza umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe hamwe no gusonerwa imisoro ya gasutamo yibanda ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bifite akamaro mu kuzamura ubukungu. Amasezerano yubucuruzi arusheho kunoza amahirwe yo kubona isoko mugihe gahunda za leta zita kumafaranga zigamije kugabanya ingaruka zijyanye nibikorwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri rusange izi ngamba zigira uruhare mu gushyiraho ibidukikije bifasha guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva muri Qazaqistan.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Qazaqistan ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo Hagati, kizwiho umutungo kamere n’ahantu heza. Nk’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, igihugu cyashyizeho uburyo bunoze bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze mu nzira zitandukanye. Kimwe mu byemezo by'ingenzi byoherezwa muri Qazaqistan ni Icyemezo cy'inkomoko (CO). Iyi nyandiko yemeza ko ibicuruzwa byakozwe cyangwa bitunganyirizwa muri Qazaqistan byujuje ibisabwa byashyizweho n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. CO itanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibicuruzwa biva muri iki gihugu, bishobora gufasha abatumiza mu mahanga kwivuza cyangwa inyungu mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi nka GSP (Sisitemu rusange y’ibyifuzo). Byongeye kandi, Qazaqistan nayo ikurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa n’umutekano. Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubona ibyemezo bijyanye nka ISO 9001 (Sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge) na ISO 22000 (Sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa) kugira ngo hubahirizwe ibipimo ngenderwaho ku isi. Izi mpamyabumenyi zizwi cyane kwisi yose kandi zifasha kubaka ikizere mubashobora kugura. Usibye izi mpamyabumenyi, Qazaqistan nayo ishyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yihariye y'ibicuruzwa bimwe. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bisaba ibyemezo bya phytosanitarike kugirango bigaragaze ko byubahiriza amabwiriza yubuzima bwibimera. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiti n’ibintu byangiza bikenera urupapuro rwumutekano (SDS) rusobanura imiterere yabyo, amabwiriza yo gukemura, nibishobora guteza ingaruka. Kugira ngo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga birusheho kugenda neza, abayobozi ba Qazaqistan batanga ubufasha binyuze mu mashyirahamwe nka Kazakisitani ishoramari - isosiyete y'igihugu ishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari- itanga serivisi zinoze zirimo amakuru ku bisabwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, amakuru y’ubushakashatsi ku isoko yorohereza kugera ku masoko yo hanze. Muri rusange, Kazakisitani ishyira imbere kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byujujwe kugira ngo umubano w’ubucuruzi udahungabana ku isi hose mu gihe biteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari mu gihugu. Mu gusoza, uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Qazaqisitani bushingiye ku cyemezo cy’inkomoko nk’ikimenyetso cy’ibicuruzwa byaturutse muri Qazaqistan. Byongeye kandi, Qazaqistan yubahiriza byimazeyo amahame mpuzamahanga ahuza.Bafite amabwiriza atandukanye agenga buri cyiciro; ibikomoka ku buhinzi, bikenera ibyemezo bya phytosanitarite mu gihe ibintu by’imiti bisaba SDS.Ibigo byorohereza abafasha kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bitanga amakuru ku isoko, amahirwe yo gushora imari no gukwirakwiza amakuru akenewe mu mahanga.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Qazaqistan nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi kidafite inkombe, giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati. Ifite ahantu hafatika, ihuza Uburayi na Aziya, ikagira ihuriro rikomeye ryubucuruzi n’ibikoresho. Hano hari serivisi zisabwa zo gutanga ibikoresho hamwe namakuru ajyanye na Qazaqistan: 1. Indege: Kazakisitani ifite ibibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga nka Nursultan Nazarbayev ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nur-Sultan (ahahoze ari Astana) n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Almaty muri Almaty. Ibi bibuga byindege bitanga serivisi zikorera mu kirere, harimo no gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere ahantu hatandukanye. 2. Gari ya moshi: Qazaqistan ifite umuyoboro mugari wa gari ya moshi uhuza ibihugu bituranye nk'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya. Igihugu gifite uruhare runini muri gahunda y’ubukungu bwa Silk Road, guteza imbere ubucuruzi binyuze mu bwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi. 3. Gutwara umuhanda: Ibikorwa remezo byumuhanda muri Qazaqistan byateye imbere neza, hamwe numuyoboro mugari wimihanda ihuza uturere dutandukanye mugihugu ndetse nibihugu duturanye. Gutwara imizigo kumuhanda byiganje mubikoresho byo murugo. 4. Ibyambu byo mu nyanja: Nubwo bidahana imbibi n’inyanja cyangwa inyanja, Qazaqistan ikoresha ibyambu byo ku nyanja ya Kaspiya mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Aktau ni ihuriro rikuru ryogutwara imizigo, ritanga ihuza nibindi byambu bya Kaspiya. 5. Uburyo bwa gasutamo: Iyo ukora ibikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze muri Qazaqistan, ni ngombwa kumenyera amabwiriza ya gasutamo kugirango ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka neza. Inyandiko nziza no kubahiriza ibisabwa bya gasutamo birakenewe kugirango ibikorwa bya logistique bikorwe neza. 6 7.Ibikoresho byo guhunikamo: Ibikoresho byo kubikamo biraboneka mu mijyi minini nka Nur-Sultan (Astana), Almaty, na Karagandy bitanga umwanya wo kubika ibikoresho byo kubara cyangwa ibikorwa byambukiranya imipaka. 8.Ibikorwa remezo biteza imbere ibikorwa remezo: Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kongera ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho, Kazakisitani yashyize mu bikorwa imishinga itandukanye yo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo. Irembo rya Khorgos, icyambu kinini cyumye ku mupaka n'Ubushinwa, kigamije kuzamura ubucuruzi binyuze mu buryo bunoze bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Izi ni zimwe muri serivisi zisabwa zo gutanga ibikoresho hamwe namakuru ajyanye na Qazaqistan. Nk’ubukungu bwiyongera cyane hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwiyongera, Kazakisitani itanga amahirwe menshi yo gucunga neza amasoko neza. Nibyiza kugisha inama impuguke zaho cyangwa abatanga serivise za logistique kubisabwa byihariye mugihe bakorana nibikoresho muri Qazaqistan.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Qazaqistan ni igihugu gikura vuba muri Aziya yo hagati, kandi kikaba gikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye mu gutanga amasoko no kwiteza imbere. Igihugu gitanga inzira zitandukanye zo kugura mpuzamahanga kandi kigira uruhare mubucuruzi bukomeye bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Imwe mu nzira zingenzi zitanga amasoko muri Qazaqistan ni ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imari cya Astana (AIFC). AIFC yashinzwe nk'ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry'imari ryo gukurura ishoramari no guteza imbere ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi. Itanga urubuga rwamasosiyete yamahanga yo guhuza, kwishora mubufatanye, no kwishora mubucuruzi na Qazaqistan. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga benshi bakunda AIFC kubera amabwiriza meza, imisoro, hamwe nubucuruzi buboneye. Undi muyoboro wingenzi mu gutanga amasoko muri Qazaqistan ni binyuze mu masoko ya leta. Guverinoma ihora itangaza amasoko mu nzego zinyuranye nko guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, imishinga y'ingufu, imishinga y'ubwubatsi, sisitemu z'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga bifuza gutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi barashobora kwitabira aya masoko batanga amasoko y'ipiganwa. Qazaqistan irategura kandi ibikorwa byinshi byubucuruzi byerekana urubuga rwabaguzi mpuzamahanga. Expo Astana yabaye muri 2017 ikurura abashyitsi babarirwa muri za miriyoni baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. Yerekanye udushya twaturutse mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ingufu, ubwubatsi, ubwikorezi, n'ibindi, bitanga amahirwe ku bucuruzi bwo kugirana ubufatanye n'amasosiyete ya Qazaqistan. Usibye Expo Astana, hari andi murikagurisha yihariye yakozwe mu mwaka wose yita ku nzego zihariye nk'inganda za peteroli na gaze (KIOGE), inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro (MiningWorld Central Asia), ubuhinzi & gutunganya ibiribwa (AgriTek / FoodTek), n'ibindi. Iri murika ritanga ishusho rusange yinganda zihariye muri Qazaqistan mugihe byorohereza amahirwe yo guhuza ibikorwa hagati yubucuruzi bwaho ndetse nabakinnyi ku isi. Byongeye kandi, abashoramari b’abanyamahanga bakunze kwitabira amahuriro yateguwe n’ibigo bikomeye bya Qazaqistan nka Urugaga rw’Abashoramari ba Atameken cyangwa Inama y’abashoramari b’amahanga bayobowe na Perezida wa Qazaqistan ubwe bitanga ubundi buryo bwo kwishora mu bantu bakomeye mu bucuruzi bw’igihugu. Mu myaka yashize, e-ubucuruzi bwagaragaye nkumuyoboro wingenzi mugutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Qazaqistan. Amasoko menshi yo kumurongo yashyizweho kugirango yorohereze ubucuruzi busanzwe hagati yabaguzi n’abagurisha. Amahuriro nka Chocotravel, Kaspi, Technodom, nibindi byinshi byamamaye kandi bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi bishobora guturuka mumahanga. Muri rusange, Qazaqistan itanga inzira zitandukanye zo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga nka AIFC, amasoko ya leta, imurikagurisha / imurikagurisha, amahuriro yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, hamwe na e-ubucuruzi butera imbere. Izi nzira zifasha abaguzi mpuzamahanga kwishora mu isoko ry’iterambere ry’igihugu mu gihe bateza imbere ubufatanye n’ubucuruzi bwa Qazaqistan mu nzego zitandukanye. Icyitonderwa: Ijambo kubara rirenze amagambo 600; iki nicyo gisubizo cyakozwe nururimi rwa GPA-3 rwururimi rwa OpenAI kandi rushobora gusaba izindi mpinduka kugirango zihuze imipaka.
Hariho moteri nyinshi zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Qazaqistan hamwe na URL zabo. Izi moteri zishakisha zifasha abakoresha kubona amakuru kubintu bitandukanye, harimo amakuru, imyidagaduro, uburezi, nibindi byinshi. Hano hari moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane muri Qazaqistan: 1. Yandex - Yandex ni isosiyete mpuzamahanga yo mu Burusiya ikora moteri nini yo gushakisha mu Burusiya kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri Qazaqistan. Itanga ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bijyanye hamwe na serivisi zinyongera nka imeri, ikarita, namakuru. Urubuga: www.yandex.kz 2. Google - Google niyo moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kwisi yose kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri Qazaqistan. Itanga ibisubizo nyabyo by'ishakisha, ikarita, serivisi z'ubuhinduzi, imeri (Gmail), ububiko bw'igicu (Google Drive), n'ibindi byinshi biranga. Urubuga: www.google.kz 3. Mail. Yibanze ku gutanga ibintu byihariye bigamije inyungu z'umuntu ku giti cye. Urubuga: www.mail.ru 4. Rambler - Rambler ni urundi rubuga rw’Uburusiya rutanga serivisi zitandukanye kuri interineti nka serivisi ya interineti (Rambler Mail), urubuga rwo gukusanya amakuru (Amakuru ya Rambler), gusoma horoscope (Rambler Horoscopes), n'ibindi. Urubuga: www.rambler.ru 5. Bing - Nubwo idakoreshwa cyane nkamahitamo yavuzwe haruguru, Bing na Microsoft ikomeje kuba ubundi buryo bwo gushakisha kuri interineti muri Qazaqistan kubakoresha bamwe. Urubuga: www.bing.com Ni ngombwa kumenya ko moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane ku isi cyangwa iz’akarere zikunze kuboneka binyuze muri verisiyo zaho cyangwa igihugu cyihariye kugirango ubunararibonye bwabakoresha kandi bufite akamaro. Nyamuneka uzirikane ko aya makuru ashobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga cyangwa guhinduka mubyo ukunda; niyo mpamvu buri gihe bisabwa kugenzura ibigezweho mugihe ushakisha amakuru yihariye ukoresheje urubuga urwo arirwo rwose.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Kazakisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yo Hagati, ni igihugu gifite ubukungu butandukanye n'inganda zitandukanye. Hano hepfo urupapuro rwibanze rwumuhondo muri Qazaqistan hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Kazakhtelecom (www.yellowpages.kz): Iki gitabo gikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye kandi gitanga amakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi mu gihugu hose. 2. 2GIS Qazaqistan (www.2gis.kz): Uru rubuga rutanga igitabo kinini cy’ubucuruzi na serivisi muri Qazaqistan, harimo nimero za terefone, aderesi, amasaha y'akazi, hamwe no gusuzuma abakiriya. 3. Allbiz Qazaqistan (kazakisitani.all.biz): Allbiz ni isoko ryo kumurongo ritanga urutonde rwubucuruzi mubihugu byinshi, harimo na Qazaqistan. Itanga amakuru kubyerekeye inzego zitandukanye nkubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, ubwikorezi, nibindi byinshi. 4. Ububiko bwa Expat.com Ubucuruzi (www.expat.com/en/business/asia/kazakhstan): Expat.com ifite ububiko bwihariye bwubucuruzi bwibigo bikorera mumijyi itandukanye ya Qazaqistan. Harimo imyirondoro irambuye yinganda zaho kugirango zifashe abimukira kubona ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bijyanye. 5. Ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi bw’Abongereza n’Ubwongereza (kbcc.org.uk/membership/business-directory): Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Kazakisitani n’Ubwongereza rukora igitabo cyerekana ubucuruzi bw’abanyamuryango bacyo bakorera mu nzego zitandukanye muri Kazakisitani. 6. UCell Urupapuro rwumuhondo (yellowpages.ucell.by): UCell numwe mubatanga itumanaho rya mbere mu karere kandi ikora urubuga rwumuhondo kumurongo rutanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubucuruzi mu nganda. 7. Urubuga rwubucuruzi-KZ (ubucuruzi.tourister.kz/en/kompanyi-kategoriej-i-tipy-obrazovaniya-v-kategoriya-sovershivsheesya-obrozovanie.html): Hibandwa ku bigo by’uburezi n’ibigo byigisha mu gihugu, Urubuga rwubucuruzi rwa Tourister-KZ rwerekana amashuri mubyiciro bitandukanye kimwe na gahunda yihariye yuburezi ihabwa abanyeshuri. Izi ni zimwe mu mpapuro zigaragara z'umuhondo muri Qazaqistan zishobora gutanga amakuru yuzuye ku bucuruzi butandukanye, serivisi, n'ibigo by'amashuri mu gihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Qazaqistan, nkimwe mu bukungu bwihuta cyane muri Aziya yo hagati, yiboneye iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Qazaqistan hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Wildberries.kz: Wildberries ni isoko ryamamaye kumurongo ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.wildberries.kz 2. Lamoda.kz: Lamoda ni umucuruzi wimyambarire kumurongo uzwiho gukusanya imyenda, inkweto, nibikoresho byabagabo nabagore. Urubuga: www.lamoda.kz 3. Kaspi. Urubuga: www.kaspi.kz 4. Technodom.kz: Technodom kabuhariwe mu bya elegitoroniki n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, itanga amahitamo menshi ya terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, televiziyo, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, n'ibindi. Urubuga: www.technodom.kz 5. Chocolife. 6 7.Avito-KZ.avito.ru - Avito-KZ itanga amatangazo yihariye kubantu kugura cyangwa kugurisha ibintu bishya cyangwa bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo murugo cyangwa ibinyabiziga. Izi ni zimwe mu ngero zerekana imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi izwi cyane muri Qazaqistan itanga ibikenerwa bitandukanye kuva imyambarire kugeza kuri elegitoroniki kugeza ku bicuruzwa byagabanijwe kuri serivisi / ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Muri Qazaqistan, hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane abantu bakoresha mu guhuza no gushyikirana. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Kazakisitani: 1. VKontakte (VK): Ni urubuga rw’imbuga nkoranyambaga rwo mu Burusiya ruzwi cyane muri Qazaqistan. Abakoresha barashobora gukora imyirondoro, gusangira amafoto na videwo, guhuza amatsinda, n'ubutumwa abandi bakoresha. Urubuga: https://vk.com/ 2. Odnoklassniki: Kimwe na VKontakte, Odnoklassniki ni urundi rubuga rushingiye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga rushingiye ku Burusiya rwemerera abakoresha kubona abo bigana, guhuza inshuti, gusangira ibishya n'ibirimo itangazamakuru. Urubuga: https://ok.ru/ 3. Facebook: Mugihe Facebook izwi kwisi yose nkurubuga ruyobora imbuga nkoranyambaga, ifite kandi abakoresha benshi muri Qazaqistan. Abantu barayikoresha muguhuza inshuti, gusangira inyandiko cyangwa ingingo zishimishije, kwinjira mumatsinda cyangwa ibyabaye. Urubuga: https://www.facebook.com 4. Instagram. 5.Telegramu: Telegramu imaze kumenyekana cyane mumyaka yashize nka porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwizewe aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa, amafoto, videwo. Ntabwo ari porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa bwihuse, inakira imiyoboro y'abaturage.Bishingiye i Berlin, ibi ndetse bikora nk'isoko. & gucuruza ibicuruzwa byaho.Urubuga ruhuza kuba -https // web.telegram.org. 6.Twitter: Twitter igira uruhare runini mu rubyiruko & abaterankunga mu gukwirakwiza amakuru, ibitekerezo, ibyabaye n'ibindi. Abakoresha barakurikira, bagasubiramo tweet zabo .Bashobora kandi gukoresha hashtags neza.Urubuga: www.twitter.com. 7.YouTube: YouTube ikomeje gukundwa cyane mubakoresha interineti ya Qazaqistan mugihe bareba amashusho yashyizwe ahagaragara nabantu cyangwa imiryango kwisi yose.Uzagufasha niba ushaka ibirenze inyandiko & amafoto gusa. Ihuza rya videwo ni https://www.youtube .com /. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa muri Kazakisitani. Wibuke ko gukundwa kwizi mbuga bishobora gutandukana mumyaka itandukanye cyangwa uturere mugihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Qazaqistan, iherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, ifite inganda zitandukanye zishyigikiwe n’amashyirahamwe atandukanye. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mugutezimbere inyungu niterambere ryimirenge yabo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Qazaqistan: 1. Ishyirahamwe rya Kazenergy: Iri shyirahamwe ryerekana inyungu z’urwego rw’ingufu za Qazaqistan, harimo amasosiyete ya peteroli na gaze, amasosiyete atanga amashanyarazi, n’abatanga serivisi. Urubuga rwabo ni https://www.kazenergy.com/. 2. Urugereko rwa ba rwiyemezamirimo ba Atameken: Atameken akora nk'umuryango w’umuryango w’amashyirahamwe menshi yihariye y’inganda muri Qazaqistan. Irerekana inyungu zinganda nto n'iziciriritse mubice bitandukanye. Urashobora kubona ibisobanuro byinshi kuri https://atameken.kz/. 3. Ihuriro ry’inganda na ba rwiyemezamirimo (Ubumwe "BI"): Iri shyirahamwe ryibanda ku guteza imbere inyungu z’inganda n’inganda n’inganda muri Kazakisitani binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye n’imirimo y’ubuvugizi. Ibisobanuro byinshi murashobora kubisanga kuri https://bi.kz/en. 4.KAZAKH INVEST - Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari: KAZAKH INVEST igamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu gutandukanya ubukungu bwa Kazakisitani mu gutera inkunga abashoramari mu rugendo rwabo rw’ishoramari hamwe na serivisi nk'ubutasi bw'isoko, korohereza imishinga, inkunga ya leta, n'ibindi .. Urubuga rwabo ni http: / / gushora.gov.kz/en/. 5.Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro "Qazaqistan": Guhagararira inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro muri Qazaqistan harimo n’amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro akora nk'amabuye y'agaciro nk'amakara, amabuye y'agaciro ya uranium n'ibindi .. Ibindi kuri bo hano: http://nma.kz/ 6.Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe guteza imbere amakoperative (NADC): NADC ishyigikira amashyirahamwe y’amakoperative ahagarariye imirenge myinshi nka koperative y’ubuhinzi, amaduka y’ibiribwa, uburobyi n’ibindi..Urubuga rwabo nta URL iboneka. Nyamuneka menya ko amashyirahamwe yabigize umwuga ashobora kuba afite imbuga za interineti ziboneka gusa mu ndimi za Kazakisitani cyangwa Ikirusiya bitewe n’ibanze cyangwa aho ubushobozi bw’icyongereza bugarukira.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Igihugu cya Qazaqisitani, igihugu cyo muri Aziya yo hagati, gifite imbuga nyinshi z’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi zitanga amakuru y’ingirakamaro ku bucuruzi n’abashoramari. Dore zimwe mu mbuga zingenzi hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ishoramari rya Kazakisitani (www.invest.gov.kz): Ikigo cya leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari gitanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye amahirwe yo gushora imari, inzego zibandwaho, gushimangira imisoro, hamwe n’ubucuruzi muri Kazakisitani. 2. Ikigo cy’igihugu cyohereza no gushora imari (www.export.gov.kz): Itanga inkunga kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kandi ikanafasha gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye zishingiye ku kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Urubuga rutanga amakuru yisoko ryingenzi, imibare yohereza hanze, ikirangantego cyubucuruzi, nibindi. 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Qazaqistan (www.atameken.kz): Nka shyirahamwe rinini rihagarariye ba rwiyemezamirimo muri Qazaqistan, uyu ni umutungo w’agaciro ku bucuruzi bashaka isoko cyangwa amahirwe y’ubufatanye mu gihugu. Itanga serivise yubucuruzi hamwe na kalendari yibyabaye nibindi bikoresho byingirakamaro. 4 iyi platform itanga amahirwe menshi kubashoramari bashishikajwe ninzego zijyanye n’imari. 5. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’ubufatanye (miti.gov.kz/en): Minisiteri ya leta ishinzwe gushyiraho politiki y’ubucuruzi, koroshya ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu gihe irengera inyungu z’inganda zo mu gihugu binyuze mu mabwiriza atandukanye; ifasha abacuruzi amakuru ajyanye namategeko / amabwiriza yerekeye gutumiza / kohereza hanze. 6. Ubumwe bwa Atameken (atameken.org/en): Umuryango wibanze ku iterambere ry’imishinga mito n'iciriritse muri Qazaqistan utanga serivisi z’ubujyanama zijyanye no kwihangira imirimo mu nzego nyinshi: ubuhinzi n’inganda zitunganya ibiribwa biri muri byo; urubuga rwakira ibikoresho byinshi / ibikoresho bifite akamaro kubafite ubucuruzi / abashoramari kimwe. 7. Ikarita ya KAZAKHSTAN Ikarita y’inganda 2025 (industrialisationmap2015.com): Uru rubuga rugaragaza ibice byihutirwa byagaragajwe na guverinoma mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inganda kugeza mu 2025; itanga ibisobanuro birambuye kumishinga yishoramari, ahantu, hamwe nogushishikarizwa gukurura abashoramari. Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru menshi yumutungo bijyanye n'amahirwe yo gushora imari, politiki yubucuruzi, ubushishozi ku isoko, n’amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi muri Qazaqistan. Nibyiza gushakisha buri platform ukurikije ibikenewe cyangwa imirenge yinyungu kumakuru yingirakamaro.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi yibibazo biboneka kuri Qazaqistan. Dore bike muribi hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Ububiko bw’ubucuruzi bw’igihugu cya Qazaqistan (CNTR): Uru rubuga rwemewe rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi n’amakuru yerekeye ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, n’amabwiriza. Gucungwa na Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi n'Ubufatanye. Urubuga: http://www.cntr.kz 2. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Kazakisitani: WITS ni igikorwa cya Banki y'Isi gitanga uburyo bwo kubona imibare mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi n’amakuru y’ibiciro by’imisoro. Ububikoshingiro bwabo bukubiyemo amakuru arambuye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/KAZ 3. GlobalTrade.net - Umuyoboro wa Kazakisitani Kuzana-Kwohereza mu mahanga: GlobalTrade.net ni urubuga rwa interineti rufasha ibigo kubona amahirwe y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Umuyoboro utanga ibikoresho byingirakamaro kumabwiriza yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze, raporo yubushakashatsi ku isoko, ibyabaye mu bucuruzi, hamwe n’inganda zihariye. Urubuga: www.globaltrade.net/umuhanga-kuyobora/igihugu-profile/Kazakisitani/Isoko 4. Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi - Impirimbanyi z’ubucuruzi za Qazaqistan: Uru rubuga rwibanda ku gutanga ibipimo by’ubukungu biva mu bihugu bitandukanye harimo n’uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi na Kazakisitani. Ifasha abayikoresha kumenya amateka ndetse no gusesengura ibiteganijwe gutumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Urubuga: https://tradingeconomics.com/kazakhstan/uburinganire- bwa-ubucuruzi Izi mbuga zirashobora kugufasha kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeranye n’ubucuruzi bwa Qazaqistan nk’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi, ibicuruzwa bikomeye byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, amahoro akoreshwa ku bicuruzwa cyangwa imirenge yihariye, ndetse n’imibare rusange y’ubucuruzi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kuboneka kwamakuru bishobora gutandukana kururu rubuga bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga raporo cyangwa inshuro zivugururwa zitangwa ninkomoko yabyo. Birasabwa rero guhuza amasoko menshi mugihe ukora ubushakashatsi ubwo aribwo bwose bujyanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Qazaqistan

B2b

Qazaqistan ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati kandi gifite urubuga rwa B2B rwita ku nganda zitandukanye. Hano hari urubuga rukomeye rwa B2B muri Qazaqistan hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Alibaba: Iyi platform ya B2B yisi yose ihuza abaguzi nabatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye munganda zitandukanye, harimo nibigo bikorera muri Qazaqistan. Urubuga: www.alibaba.com 2. TradeKey: TradeKey ni isoko mpuzamahanga rya interineti B2B ryorohereza ubucuruzi hagati y’abatumiza mu mahanga n’abatumiza mu mahanga ku isi, harimo n’ubucuruzi muri Kazakisitani. Urubuga: www.tradekey.com 3. EC21: Uru rubuga rutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi kubaguzi n’abagurisha ku isi hose, bihuza ubucuruzi bukorera muri Qazaqistan hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa ku isi. Urubuga: www.ec21.com 4. Inkomoko y'Isi: Inkomoko y'Isi yose itanga ibisubizo byinshi bivuye mu isoko binyuze ku isoko ryayo rya interineti, byorohereza ubucuruzi hagati y'abaguzi n'ababitanga ku isi hose, harimo n'iby'i Kazakisitani. Urubuga: www.globalsources.com 5. Made-in-China.com: Nka imwe mu mbuga za B2B zikomeye mu Bushinwa, Made-in-China.com ihuza amasosiyete ya Qazaqistan hamwe n’abatanga ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa mu nganda nyinshi. Urubuga: www.made-in-china.com 6. Urubuga: www.hktdc.com 7. ECVV (Made-in-China): ECVV ni urundi rwego rukomeye rwo mu Bushinwa B2B rutanga serivisi z’ubucuruzi ku isi ku masosiyete akorera mu bihugu nka Kazakisitani. Urubuga: en.ecvv.co.kr. 8.MachineryZone - 专注 于 工程 、 建筑 和 行业 行业 ：。 链接 ： www.machineryzone.cn/ 这些 z Qazaqistan 的 一些 知名 的 B2B 平台 ， 可以 帮助 当地 企业 与 国内外 潜在 合作 发展 联系 ， 注意 ， 的 的 可能 后。
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