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Lub teb chaws Overview
Kazakhstan, officially hu ua lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan, yog ib tug Central Asia lub teb chaws ciam teb los ntawm Russia mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob, Tuam Tshoj mus rau sab hnub tuaj, Kyrgyzstan thiab Uzbekistan rau sab qab teb, thiab Turkmenistan mus rau sab qab teb hnub poob. Nrog thaj tsam thaj tsam ntawm 2.72 lab square kilometers (1.05 lab square mais), nws yog lub teb chaws thib cuaj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub nroog peev ntawm Kazakhstan yog Nur-Sultan, yav tas los hu ua Astana txog 2019 thaum nws tau hloov npe tom qab nws tus thawj tswj hwm Nursultan Nazarbayev. Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv Kazakhstan, txawm li cas los xij, yog Almaty. Kazakhstan muaj ntau haiv neeg toj roob hauv pes nrog loj steppes ua txog li ob feem peb ntawm nws thaj chaw. Nws tseem suav nrog roob xws li Altai thiab Tian Shan thaj tsam nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Lub teb chaws muaj kev nyab xeeb huab cua huab cua nrog lub caij ntuj sov kub thiab lub caij ntuj no txias heev. Nrog ib ncig ntawm 19 lab tus tib neeg, Kazakhstan muaj cov pej xeem uas feem ntau yog cov haiv neeg Kazakhs nrog rau cov neeg Lavxias tseem ceeb. Cov lus tseem ceeb yog Kazakh tab sis Lavxias tseem hais lus dav dav thoob plaws ntau yam xws li kev lag luam thiab tsoomfwv. Kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan tso siab rau ntau yam kev nplua nuj xws li roj, roj, thee thiab minerals xws li uranium thiab tooj liab. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov peev txheej no uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws txoj kev loj hlob GDP. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev siv zog tau ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam los ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis. Kazakhstan tau txais kev ywj pheej los ntawm Soviet Union xyoo 1991 thiab txij li ntawd los tau ua raws li cov cai tswjfwm kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam uas tau nyiam kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Nws tuav kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg nyob sib ze thaum koom nrog cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb suav nrog Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) thiab Shanghai Kev Koom Tes Koom Tes (SCO). Kev lis kev cai nplua nuj, Kazakhstan ua kev zoo siab rau kev coj noj coj ua zoo li Nauryz Meyrami (Tshiab Xyoo Tshiab) thiab Kurban Ait (hnub noj mov tam sim tom qab Hajj). Cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag thiab kev ua kis las zoo li Kokpar (kev ua si nees-mounted) qhia txog lub teb chaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Hauv kev xaus, Kazakhstan yog ib lub teb chaws loj thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg Central Asian paub txog nws cov peev txheej ntuj, kev lag luam loj hlob sai, thiab kev siv zog rau kev hloov kho tshiab. Nws tsis tu ncua sim ua kom muaj kev vam meej yav tom ntej rau nws tus kheej thaum khaws cia nws cov kev coj noj coj ua nplua nuj.
Teb chaws txiaj
Kazakhstan yog lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Central Asia nrog nws tus kheej txiaj, hu ua Kazakhstani tenge (KZT). Lub tenge yog lub official txiaj ntawm Kazakhstan txij thaum 1993 thaum nws hloov lub Soviet ruble. Txog tam sim no, ib las Asmeskas yog kwv yees li ntawm 426 KZT. Tus nqi pauv yuav hloov pauv nyob ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam. Cov txiaj tuaj nyob rau hauv denominations ntawm banknotes thiab npib. Lub txhab nyiaj muaj nyob rau hauv denominations ntawm 200, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, thiab 10,000 tenge. Cov nyiaj npib muaj nyob rau hauv cov npe me me xws li 1 tenge thiab nce mus txog 500 tenge. Thaum qee lub lag luam lees txais cov txiaj ntsig txawv teb chaws xws li US las lossis euros rau qee yam kev lag luam, nws tau qhia kom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv zos ntawm tes rau cov nuj nqis niaj hnub hauv Kazakhstan. Qhov xwm txheej txiaj hauv Kazakhstan feem ntau nyob ruaj khov nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg taug kev tuaj xyuas lossis nyob ntev yuav tsum tau hloov kho nrog txhua qhov kev txhim kho uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nqi pauv lossis cov cai cuam tshuam txog kev pauv nyiaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum sib pauv nyiaj thiab xyuas kom koj ua li ntawd ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj tso cai lossis cov kev pabcuam pauv muaj npe kom tsis txhob muaj kev dag ntxias lossis cov nqi cuav. Zuag qhia tag nrho, muaj kev nkag siab txog Kazakhstani tenge thiab nws cov xwm txheej tam sim no yuav pab cov neeg tuaj saib xyuas kev lag luam nyiaj txiag thaum mus ncig hauv Kazakhstan zoo.
Txauv tus nqi
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Kazakhstan yog Kazakhstani tenge (KZT). Raws li qhov kwv yees tus nqi pauv, thov nco ntsoov tias lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm. Nov yog qee qhov kwv yees tus nqi pauv pauv thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2021: - 1 USD (United States Dollar) ≈ 434 KZT - 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 510 KZT - 1 GBP (British Pound) ≈ 594 KZT - 1 JPY (Japanese Yen) ≈ 3.9 KZT Thov nco ntsoov tias cov nqi no yog rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm nkaus xwb thiab yuav txawv ntawm lub sijhawm twg los tau. Txhawm rau hloov pauv hloov tshiab thiab raug, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog lub tuam txhab nyiaj txiag txhim khu kev qha lossis siv cov cuab yeej hloov pauv txiaj hauv online.
Hnub so tseem ceeb
Kazakhstan, nyob rau hauv Central Asia, ua kev zoo siab rau ob peb hnub tseem ceeb thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws festivals yog Nauryz Meyrami, tseem hu ua Spring Festival. Lub caij so thaum ub no pib lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab ua kev zoo siab rau lub Peb Hlis 22nd txhua xyoo. Nauryz Meyrami yog ib qho kev zoo siab thiab kev ua koob tsheej zoo siab hauv Kazakh kab lis kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Nws qhia txog kev sib koom siab, kev rov ua dua tshiab, thiab kev pib tshiab. Thaum lub caij ua koob tsheej no, cov neeg hnav tsoos tsho hnav tsoos tsho thiab koom nrog ntau yam kev coj noj coj ua. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Nauryz Meyrami yog teeb tsa lub zos yurt uas tib neeg tuaj yeem muaj lub neej nyob tsis tswm. Cov kev ua si ib txwm muaj xws li "Kokpar," ib qho kev ua si nees zoo ib yam li polo tab sis ua si nrog ib tug tshis carcass es tsis txhob ntawm lub pob, tau teeb tsa lub sijhawm no. Cov tsev neeg tuaj koom ua ke kom txaus siab rau kev noj mov nrog cov tais diav xws li "beshbarmak" (ib qho nqaij tais ua noj tshaj noodles). Lwm hnub tseem ceeb hauv Kazakhstan yog Hnub Yeej, ua kev zoo siab rau lub Tsib Hlis 9th txhua xyoo. Hnub no ua kev nco txog kev yeej ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II thiab qhuas txhua tus qub tub rog uas tau tawm tsam kev ywj pheej thaum tsov rog. Cov kev ua koob tsheej muaj xws li tub rog parades, foob pob hluav taws qhia, wreath-ntev ceremonies ntawm tsov rog memorials, thiab concerts featuring patriotic nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, "Rukhani Zhangyru" los yog Hnub Nyoog Niaj Hnub Nyoog Zoo tsim nyog tau hais tshwj xeeb ib yam nkaus vim nws tau qhia tsis ntev los no los txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov pej xeem thaum muaj kev hloov kho tshiab los ntawm Kazakhstan tsoomfwv. Cov kev ua koob tsheej no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws Kazakh kab lis kev cai los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov kev coj noj coj ua uas tau dhau los ntawm ntau tiam neeg thaum tseem hwm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm uas tau ua rau Kazakhstan zoo li niaj hnub no.
Kev Lag Luam Txawv Tebchaws
Kazakhstan yog lub tebchaws tsis muaj av nyob hauv Central Asia paub txog nws cov peev txheej ntuj, tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Lub teb chaws tau koom tes nrog kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, xa tawm ntau yam khoom mus rau ntau lub teb chaws. Kazakhstan cov khoom lag luam xa tawm tseem ceeb suav nrog roj thiab roj, hlau (xws li tooj liab, aluminium, thiab zinc), tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab thiab khoom siv tshuab. Lub teb chaws yog cov tsim cov roj loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Central Asia thiab muaj cov roj ntsha tseem ceeb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov ntxhia roj suav nrog feem ntau ntawm Kazakhstan tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv zog, Kazakhstan tseem xa tawm cov khoom ua liaj ua teb xws li nplej, barley, paj rwb, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Lub teb chaws muaj fertile av ua liaj ua teb uas tso cai rau zus tau tej cov qoob loo zoo. Cov khoom xa tawm ua liaj ua teb no pab txhawb rau Kazakhstan kev lag luam sib npaug los ntawm kev tsim cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum lub teb chaws feem ntau tso siab rau kev xa tawm cov khoom lag luam kom txhawb nqa nws txoj kev lag luam, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ntau yam khoom xws li tshuab thiab khoom siv, tsheb (tshwj xeeb yog tsheb), tshuaj thiab khoom siv. Kazakhstan cov koom tes ua lag luam tseem ceeb suav nrog Russia - uas nws koom nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam vim muaj keeb kwm keeb kwm - Tuam Tshoj, Ltalis Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis. Cov teb chaws no xa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog rau lwm cov khoom lag luam Kazakh. Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev lag luam txuas ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam hauv zos thiab thoob ntiaj teb, tsoomfwv Kazakhstan tau siv cov kev ntsuas xws li kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus pub dawb nrog ntau lub tebchaws suav nrog Turkey, Eurasian Economic Union, thiab koom nrog cov koom haum hauv cheeb tsam xws li Shanghai Kev Koom Tes Koom Tes (SCO). Ua ke, Kazakhstan khav theeb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm kev nqis peev ntawm nws cov peev txheej ntuj tsim nyog nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm. Nrog rau kev siv zog txuas ntxiv mus qhib cov hauv kev tshiab, Kuv cia siab tias Kazakhstan yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
Kev Ua Lag Luam Muaj Peev Xwm Loj
Kazakhstan, nyob rau hauv Central Asia, muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau txawv teb chaws kev lag luam kev loj hlob. Ua ntej thiab foremost, lub teb chaws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv natural resources xws li roj, roj, thiab minerals. Qhov kev nplua nuj no nthuav tawm txoj hauv kev rau kev sib koom ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev nqis peev. Tsis tas li ntawd, Kazakhstan faib ciam teb nrog ntau lub tebchaws suav nrog Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia. Cov kev lag luam nyob sib ze no muab kev nkag mus rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam loj thiab ua txoj hauv kev muaj peev xwm rau kev lag luam ntawm Europe thiab Asia. Lub teb chaws lub tswv yim qhov chaw raws txoj kev Silk Road thaum ub ntxiv txhim kho nws txoj hauj lwm ua lub hub rau kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, Kazakhstan tau ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tsim kom muaj kev lag luam zoo kom nyiam cov tub ua lag luam txawv teb chaws. Tsoom fwv tau siv ntau yam kev hloov kho txhawm rau txhim kho kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua lag luam los ntawm kev yooj yim cov txheej txheem tswj hwm thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj. Cov kev siv zog no tau ua rau muaj kev nce nyiaj ncaj qha mus rau txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Kazakhstan tau nthuav dav nws txoj kev lag luam kom deb ntawm kev vam khom cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov roj los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov haujlwm xws li kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim khoom, kev xa khoom, kev lag luam, thiab hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab. Lub tswv yim sib txawv no muab lub sijhawm rau cov lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tab tom nrhiav nkag los yog nthuav lawv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv cov kev lag luam loj hlob no. Tsis tas li ntawd, Kazakhstan yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ntau lub koom haum hauv cheeb tsam xws li Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) thiab Shanghai Kev Koom Tes Koom Tes (SCO). Cov tswv cuab no pab txhawb kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo nrog cov teb chaws nyob sib ze thaum tseem muab kev nkag mus rau cov kev pom zoo ua lag luam nrog cov tswv cuab. Thaum kawg tab sis qhov tseem ceeb, tsoomfwv Kazakh nquag txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab-coj kev loj hlob los ntawm cov phiaj xwm xws li "Digital Kazakhstan" program uas nrhiav kev tsim kho cov ecosystem uas tsim nyog rau kev sib tw nyiaj txiag. Zuag qhia tag nrho, Kazakhstan cov peev txheej loj heev ua ke nrog nws qhov chaw nyob zoo ua rau nws qhov chaw txaus nyiam rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Tsoomfwv txoj kev mob siab rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntxiv txhawb nqa nws lub peev xwm ua lag luam zoo rau cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb nrhiav cov hauv kev tshiab hauv Central Asia.
Kub muag khoom hauv khw
Txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom lag luam nrov rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws hauv Kazakhstan, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog lub teb chaws kev lag luam, kab lis kev cai, thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Cov kauj ruam hauv qab no tuaj yeem pab nrog cov txheej txheem xaiv cov khoom: 1. Kev txheeb xyuas kev ua lag luam: Ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm Kazakhstani kev ua lag luam txhawm rau txheeb xyuas ntau yam kev xav thiab kev xav tau. Nkag siab txog kev yuav khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, lawv nyiam, thiab kev ua neej nyob. 2. Txheeb xyuas cov kev loj hlob: Txheeb xyuas cov kev loj hlob tseem ceeb hauv Kazakhstan kev lag luam xws li kev tsim kho, lub zog, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev lag luam. Tsom ntsoov rau kev xaiv cov khoom uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov sectors no. 3. Kev txiav txim siab txog kab lis kev cai: Ua tib zoo xav txog kev coj noj coj ua thaum xaiv cov khoom rau Kazakhstan. Ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv zos thaum xaiv cov khoom uas zoo li yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. 4. Kev tshawb fawb sib tw: Tshawb nrhiav cov neeg sib tw hauv zos uas twb tau ua tiav hauv Kazakhstan txoj kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Txheeb xyuas lawv cov khoom muag thiab sim nrhiav qhov khoob lossis lub sijhawm uas koj tus kheej cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem vam meej. 5. Kev ruaj ntseg zoo: xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom xaiv tau raws li cov qauv zoo tau txais nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam thiab Kazakhstani ntshuam cov cai. 6. Kev sib tw nqi: Xav txog cov tswv yim nqi thaum xaiv cov khoom lag luam xa tawm kom nyob twj ywm hauv kev sib tw hauv Kazakhstani kev lag luam yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo. 7. Kev hloov kho: Tshawb nrhiav cov kev xaiv rau kev hloov kho cov khoom xaiv tshwj xeeb rau Kazakhstan cov neeg siv khoom xav tau lossis nyiam yam tsis hloov pauv lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. 8.Forbidden cov npe tshuaj xyuas: Sau npe nkag siab txog cov khoom txwv tsis pub los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas lub koom haum xws li Customs Union lub vev xaib lossis lwm lub koom haum tseem ceeb ua ntej txiav txim siab yam khoom twg koj xav xa tawm / xa tawm mus rau / tawm ntawm Kazakhstan. 9.Logistics yuav tsum tau: Xav txog tej yam logistical nrog rau cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los koom rau hauv exporting cov khoom ntawm koj lub teb chaws mus rau Kazakhstan thaum xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog rau txawv teb chaws kev lag luam hom phiaj. 10.Partner kev sib koom tes: txhawb koj txoj hauv kev ua tiav los ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov neeg muag khoom hauv zos lossis cov neeg sawv cev uas muaj kev paub zoo ntawm kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam vim tias lawv tuaj yeem muab cov kev pom zoo txog cov kev xaiv nrov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw zoo ntawm cov khoom xaiv. 11.Marketing strategies: Tsim kom muaj kev lag luam zoo raws li kev lag luam Kazakhstani. Qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom xaiv kom nyiam cov neeg siv khoom. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam no, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab paub txog kev xaiv cov khoom lag luam nrov rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws hauv Kazakhstan, ua rau koj txoj kev vam meej hauv kev ua lag luam no.
Cov neeg siv khoom yam ntxwv thiab taboo
Kazakhstan, officially hu ua lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan, yog ib tug landlocked lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Nrog ntau haiv neeg thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam nplua nuj, Kazakhstan qhia cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qhua tuaj noj mov hauv Kazakhstan yog lawv lub siab zoo ntawm kev tos txais qhua. Kazakhs paub txog lawv qhov sov so thiab txais tos qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qhua. Thaum ua lag luam lossis cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg siv khoom hauv lub tebchaws no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txais kev txais tos no los ntawm kev qhia kev hwm thiab kev ris txiaj rau lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua. Lwm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv Kazakhstan yog lawv nyiam rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej thiab kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag. Tsim kev ntseeg siab los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum ua lag luam hauv lub tebchaws no. Nws yuav yog qhov zoo rau kev nqis peev sijhawm los txhawb kev sib raug zoo los ntawm kev koom nrog kev sib tham los yog caw cov neeg siv khoom noj rau sab nraum chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm taboos los yog kev coj noj coj ua rhiab heev, muaj ob peb yam uas ib tug yuav tsum paub txog thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov neeg muas zaub los ntawm Kazakhstan. Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob tham txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li kev nom kev tswv lossis kev ntseeg tshwj tsis yog lwm tus neeg coj nws los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov ntsiab lus no feem ntau tuaj yeem sib cav thiab ua rau muaj kev tsis xis nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm sijhawm muaj nuj nqis heev hauv Kazakh kab lis kev cai; Yog li ntawd, tuaj txog rau lub sijhawm rau cov rooj sib tham thiab kev teem sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev ntseeg siab. Kev lig kev cai yam tsis muaj kev thov txim tiag tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom hnav khaub ncaws hnav thaum ntsib cov neeg siv khoom lossis koom nrog cov xwm txheej hauv Kazakhstan. Qhov no txhais tau tias tsis txhob hnav khaub ncaws uas nthuav tawm cov tawv nqaij ntau dhau los yog kev hnav khaub ncaws tsis tsim nyog uas tej zaum yuav raug suav hais tias tsis saib xyuas rau cov kev lis kev cai hauv zos. Zuag qhia tag nrho, nkag siab txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Kazakhstan tuaj yeem txhim kho kev lag luam zoo hauv lub tebchaws. Los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev hwm rau kev coj noj coj ua, tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej raws li kev ntseeg siab, zam cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev sib tham thiab ua raws li cov cai hauv zos hais txog kev ua raws sij hawm thiab hnav khaub ncaws kom tsim nyog yuav ua rau muaj kev lag luam zoo nrog cov neeg siv khoom Kazakhstan.
Kev tswj hwm kev lis kev cai
Kazakhstan yog lub tebchaws tsis muaj av nyob hauv Central Asia nrog cov kev lis kev cai tshwj xeeb thiab kev nkag tebchaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm nws ciam teb. Nov yog qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kazakhstan txoj kev tswj hwm kev lis kev cai thiab qee qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg taug kev: Kev tswj hwm kev lis kev cai: 1. Kev Nkag Tebchaws: Thaum tuaj txog, txhua tus neeg tuaj xyuas yuav tsum nthuav tawm daim ntawv hla tebchaws uas siv tau yam tsawg kawg rau lub hlis ntawm kev siv tau. Tej zaum yuav xav tau ib qho vixaj, nyob ntawm tus neeg ncig tebchaws. Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav tsum ua kom tiav daim ntawv nkag tebchaws, uas yuav raug ntaus los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb. 2. Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Txog Kev lis kev cai: Cov neeg taug kev yuav tsum ua kom tiav daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai, qhia txog txhua yam khoom uas lawv tau coj mus rau hauv lub tebchaws uas tshaj cov nyiaj pub dawb pub dawb lossis txwv / txwv tsis pub khoom (xws li phom lossis tshuaj yeeb). Nws raug nquahu kom khaws daim foos no kom txog thaum tawm mus vim nws tuaj yeem thov los ntawm cov neeg lis kev lis kev cai. 3. Kev tshaj tawm txiaj ntsig: Tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem coj mus rau Kazakhstan; Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyiaj ntau dua $ 10,000 (lossis sib npaug) yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm thaum tuaj txog lossis tawm mus. 4. Nyiaj pub dawb pub dawb: Cov nyiaj pub dawb rau cov khoom ntiag tug xws li khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau tsim nyog; Txawm li cas los xij, kev txwv yuav siv tau rau qee yam khoom xws li cawv thiab luam yeeb. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: 1. Cov khoom txwv tsis pub: Kazakhstan muaj kev cai nruj heev txog kev ntshuam / xa tawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li tshuaj / tshuaj yeeb, phom, mos txwv, cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai yam tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj / ntawv tso cai, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev cai no ua ntej taug kev kom zam dhau. kev nplua lossis kev cai lij choj. 2. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv: Kev muaj lossis siv yeeb tshuaj / tshuaj yeeb hauv Kazakhstan raug txwv nruj thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev nrog rau kev raug kaw. 3. Tsiaj Khoom / Khoom Noj Khoom Haus: Kev txwv qee yam khoom noj xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo / zaub tshiab lossis cov khoom siv tsiaj xws li nqaij / khoom noj siv mis yuav xav tau kev tso cai ntxiv / cov ntaub ntawv vim yog cov cai tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv. 4.Travel Documents/Documents Verification: Khaws koj cov ntaub ntawv mus ncig kom nyab xeeb nrog rau cov vixaj nkag uas tsim nyog thaum koj nyob hauv Kazakhstan. Nqa koj daim ntawv hla tebchaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv mus ncig txhua lub sijhawm. Nco ntsoov muab cov ntaub ntawv raug rau cov tub ceev xwm nkag tebchaws, vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag yuav ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb kom meej thiab nyob twj ywm nrog cov kev cai tshiab thiab cov kev cai ua ntej mus rau Kazakhstan. Ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev lis kev cai yuav ua kom muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv lub tebchaws zoo yam tsis muaj teeb meem kev cai lij choj lossis teeb meem.
Ntshuam se txoj cai
Kazakhstan, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), ua raws li ib qho kev cai sab nrauv rau cov khoom xa tuaj. EAEU suav nrog cov tebchaws xws li Russia, Belarus, Armenia, thiab Kyrgyzstan. Raws li EAEU cov cai, Kazakhstan siv lub sijhawm sib haum xeeb ntawm kev lis kev cai rau cov khoom lag luam. Tus nqi tariff nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov khoom faib rau hauv ntau pawg. Piv txwv li, cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj feem ntau muaj qis dua los yog raug zam los ntawm se tag nrho. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom kim heev lossis cov khoom lag luam uas suav tias tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb yuav nyiam cov nqi se ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, Kazakhstan tau siv ib tug tshwj xeeb tus nqi system uas ntshuam lub luag hauj lwm raug them raws li tej yam xws li hnyav los yog kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom ntshuam. Cov khoom sib txawv muaj cov nqi sib txawv uas tuaj yeem muaj li ntawm 0% mus rau ntau dua feem pua. Ntxiv mus, tej zaum yuav muaj cov se thiab nqi ntxiv rau qee yam khoom raws li txoj cai hauv tebchaws. Piv txwv li, cov se se se yuav raug them rau qee hom dej cawv thiab cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb kom tsis txhob haus ntau dhau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias Kazakhstan qee zaus kho nws cov nqi se nyob ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam lossis kev pom zoo nrog cov tebchaws nyob sib ze hauv EAEU lub moj khaum. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv Kazakhstan, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xws li Kazakhstani Kev lis kev cai lossis cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb cov cai hauv Central Asia.
Export cov cai se
Kazakhstan, nyob rau hauv Central Asia, muaj ib tug zoo-txhais txoj cai se rau nws cov khoom xa tawm. Lub teb chaws tau siv ntau yam kev ntsuas los txhawb thiab txhawb nws cov khoom xa tawm. Ua ntej, Kazakhstan siv tus nqi ntxiv se (VAT) ntawm cov khoom raug xa tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov se no feem ntau yog teem rau tus nqi xoom rau qee yam khoom tsim los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau them se rau kev xa tawm. Qhov no pab txhawb kev sib tw ntawm Kazakhstan cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm kev txo lawv cov nqi tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub teb chaws muaj kev zam tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lis kev cai rau kev xaiv cov khoom xa tawm. Cov kev zam no tsom rau kev txhawb nqa kev tsim khoom thiab xa tawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb los yog muaj peev xwm loj hlob. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam raug zam raug tshuaj xyuas ib ntus thiab hloov kho raws li kev ua lag luam thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws. Ntxiv mus, Kazakhstan tau kos npe rau ntau daim ntawv cog lus ua lag luam nrog ntau lub teb chaws thiab cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam los pab txhawb kev lag luam ntws thiab txo kev lag luam kev lag luam. Cov ntawv cog lus no feem ntau suav nrog cov kev cai cuam tshuam txog kev txo nqi se lossis kev tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tau teev tseg hauv lub sijhawm pom zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsoomfwv muab kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag rau cov neeg xa khoom los ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam xws li nyiaj pab, qiv, kev tuav pov hwm, thiab lav. Cov kev ntsuas no pab txo cov kev pheej hmoo nyiaj txiag cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm xa tawm thiab txhawb kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg xa khoom. Thaum kawg tab sis qhov tseem ceeb, Kazakhstan tau tsim cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb kev lag luam (SEZs) thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws kom nyiam kev nqis peev hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws rau hauv kev lag luam tsom. SEZs feem ntau muab kev txhawb nqa se ntxiv xws li txo tus nqi se ntawm cov tuam txhab cov nyiaj tau los lossis txawm tias ua tiav kev zam ntawm qee cov se rau cov lag luam tsim nyog ua haujlwm hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Hauv kev xaus, Kazakhstan txoj cai xa tawm cov khoom lag luam se nrog rau kev sib xyaw ntawm xoom VAT rau qee cov khoom lag luam nrog rau kev zam kev lis kev cai rau cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb uas tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam. Cov ntawv cog lus ua lag luam txuas ntxiv txhim kho txoj hauv kev nkag mus rau kev lag luam thaum tsoomfwv cov phiaj xwm txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag txhawm rau txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev xa tawm. Zuag qhia tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no pab txhawb rau kev tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig zoo rau kev txhawb nqa kev xa tawm los ntawm Kazakhstan.
Cov ntawv pov thawj xav tau rau kev xa tawm
Kazakhstan yog ib lub tebchaws nyob hauv Central Asia, paub txog nws cov peev txheej ntuj tsim thiab qhov chaw zoo. Raws li ib tug loj exporter, lub teb chaws tau tsim ib tug npaum system los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo thiab authenticity ntawm nws exports los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj. Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb rau kev xa tawm los ntawm Kazakhstan yog Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Keeb Kwm (CO). Cov ntaub ntawv no lees paub tias cov khoom tsim los yog ua tiav hauv Kazakhstan ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas tau teev tseg los ntawm kev cog lus ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Lub CO muab pov thawj tias cov khoom lag luam yog los ntawm lub teb chaws no, uas tuaj yeem pab cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem thov kev kho mob lossis cov txiaj ntsig raws li kev cog lus ua lag luam xws li GSP (Generalized System of Preferences). Ntxiv mus, Kazakhstan kuj ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cov neeg xa tawm yuav tsum tau txais cov ntawv pov thawj cuam tshuam xws li ISO 9001 (Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo) thiab ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management Systems) kom ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov ntawv pov thawj no tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb thiab pab tsim kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv pov thawj no, Kazakhstan tseem siv cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau qee yam khoom lag luam. Piv txwv li, cov khoom ua liaj ua teb xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj phytosanitary los ua kom pom kev ua raws li cov cai tswj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ib yam li ntawd, cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj xav tau Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb (SDS) piav qhia txog lawv cov kev sib xyaw, tuav cov lus qhia, thiab kev phom sij. Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev xa tawm mus ntxiv, Kazakhstan cov tub ceev xwm muab kev pab los ntawm cov koom haum xws li Kazakh Invest - lub tuam txhab kev nqis peev hauv lub tebchaws - uas muaj kev pabcuam kev txhawb nqa suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev xa tawm, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb kev lag luam uas yooj yim rau kev nkag mus rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Zuag qhia tag nrho, Kazakhstan tseem ceeb ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov qauv ntawv pov thawj xa tawm tau ntsib rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thaum txhawb kev nqis peev hauv lub tebchaws. Hauv kev xaus, Kazakhstan cov txheej txheem xa ntawv pov thawj vam khom cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm Kazakhstan. Tsis tas li ntawd, Kazakhstan ua raws li kev coj ua nruj me ntsis kev sib haum xeeb thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv. Cov khoom lag luam ua liaj ua teb, tsim nyog rau daim ntawv pov thawj phytosanitary whereas tshuaj lom neeg xav tau SDS.Cov koom haum pab txhawb nqa xa tawm muab cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, peev peev thiab kev xa tawm cov ntaub ntawv xav tau.
Pom zoo logistics
Kazakhstan yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws landlocked lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Nws muaj qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw, txuas rau Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia, ua rau nws yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam thiab kev thauj mus los. Nov yog qee qhov kev pabcuam logistics pom zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Kazakhstan: 1. Airlines: Kazakhstan muaj ntau lub tshav dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb xws li Nursultan Nazarbayev International Tshav Dav Hlau hauv Nur-Sultan (yav tas los Astana) thiab Almaty International tshav dav hlau hauv Almaty. Cov tshav dav hlau no muaj kev pabcuam huab cua, suav nrog kev thauj khoom los ntawm huab cua mus rau ntau qhov chaw. 2. Kev tsheb ciav hlau: Kazakhstan muaj kev tsheb ciav hlau dav dav uas txuas mus rau cov tebchaws nyob sib ze xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia. Lub teb chaws ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Silk Road Economic Belt teg num, txhawb kev lag luam los ntawm kev thauj mus los. 3. Kev thauj mus los: Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv Kazakhstan tau tsim kho zoo, nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm txoj kev loj uas txuas ntau thaj chaw hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov tebchaws nyob sib ze. Freight thauj los ntawm txoj kev yog dav rau domestic logistics. 4. Cov chaw nres nkoj hiav txwv: Txawm hais tias tsis ncaj qha ciam teb rau ib qho dej hiav txwv lossis hiav txwv, Kazakhstan siv cov chaw nres nkoj hauv hiav txwv Caspian rau kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Aktau Chaw nres nkoj yog lub hub loj rau kev thauj khoom thauj, muab kev sib txuas rau lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj Caspian hiav txwv. 5. Cov txheej txheem kev lis kev cai: Thaum ua cov haujlwm ntshuam / xa tawm hauv Kazakhstan, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog kev lis kev cai kom paub meej tias kev thauj mus los zoo ntawm cov khoom hla ciam teb. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev lis kev cai yog tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo logistics. 6. Cov tuam txhab logistics: Ntau lub tuam txhab logistics hauv zos thiab thoob ntiaj teb ua haujlwm hauv Kazakhstan muab ntau yam kev pabcuam xws li kev xa khoom xa tuaj, kev daws teeb meem hauv tsev, kev pabcuam kev lis kev cai, kev tswj xyuas kev thauj mus los (TMS), kev pabcuam kev sib tham, thiab lwm yam. 7.Warehousing chaw: warehousing chaw muaj nyob thoob plaws hauv lub nroog loj xws li Nur-Sultan (Astana), Almaty, thiab Karagandy uas muab chaw cia rau cov khoom lag luam tswj lub hom phiaj los yog cross-docking. 8.Logistics infrastructure kev tsim kho tej yaam num: Txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov peev txheej logistics, Kazakhstan tau siv ntau yam kev tsim kho vaj tse. Khorgos Gateway, qhov chaw nres nkoj qhuav loj ntawm ciam teb nrog Tuam Tshoj, lub hom phiaj los txhawb kev lag luam los ntawm kev txhim kho kev thauj mus los thiab kev tuav cov chaw. Cov no tsuas yog qee qhov kev pabcuam logistics pom zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Kazakhstan. Raws li kev lag luam loj hlob sai nrog kev ua lag luam nce ntxiv, Kazakhstan muaj ntau lub sijhawm rau kev tswj cov saw hlau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog cov kws tshaj lij hauv zos lossis cov chaw muab kev pabcuam logistic rau cov kev cai tshwj xeeb thaum cuam tshuam nrog kev thauj mus los hauv Kazakhstan.
Cov channel rau kev txhim kho cov neeg yuav khoom

Cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb

Kazakhstan yog lub tebchaws loj hlob sai hauv Central Asia, thiab nws tau nyiam ntau tus neeg yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb tseem ceeb rau kev yuav khoom thiab kev loj hlob. Lub teb chaws muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb thiab koom nrog kev lag luam tseem ceeb los nthuav qhia nws cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Ib qho tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb kev yuav khoom hauv Kazakhstan yog Astana International Financial Center (AIFC). AIFC tau tsim los ua lub chaw nyiaj txiag thoob ntiaj teb kom nyiam kev nqis peev thiab txhawb kev lag luam. Nws muab lub platform rau cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws rau kev sib koom tes, koom nrog kev koom tes, thiab koom nrog kev lag luam nrog Kazakhstan. Ntau tus neeg yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb nyiam AIFC vim nws cov kev cai zoo, kev txhawb nqa se, thiab kev lag luam pob tshab. Lwm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev yuav khoom hauv Kazakhstan yog los ntawm tsoomfwv kev sib tw. Tsoomfwv tsis tu ncua tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau ntau yam xws li kev tsim kho vaj tse, kev tsim hluav taws xob, kev tsim kho, kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb uas xav muab cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam tuaj yeem koom nrog cov kev sib tw no los ntawm kev xa cov kev sib tw. Kazakhstan tseem npaj ntau qhov kev lag luam tseem ceeb uas ua haujlwm rau cov neeg yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Expo Astana tau muaj nyob rau hauv 2017 thiab nyiam ntau lab tus qhua los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws showcased innovation los ntawm txawv sectors xws li lub zog, architecture, tsheb thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam., muab lub cib fim rau kev lag luam los tsim kev koom tes nrog Kazakhstani tuam txhab uas muag. Dhau li ntawm Expo Astana, muaj lwm yam kev lag luam tshwj xeeb kev nthuav qhia muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo uas haum rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb xws li kev lag luam roj & roj (KIOGE), kev lag luam mining (MiningWorld Central Asia), kev ua liaj ua teb & khoom noj khoom haus (AgriTek / FoodTek), thiab lwm yam. Cov kev nthuav qhia no muab cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb hauv Kazakhstan thaum pab txhawb kev sib koom tes ntawm cov lag luam hauv zos thiab cov neeg ua si thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws feem ntau koom nrog cov rooj sib tham los ntawm cov koom haum tseem ceeb hauv Kazakhstani xws li Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs lossis Foreign Investors Council tus thawj coj los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Kazakhstan nws tus kheej uas muab lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev koom nrog cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, e-lag luam tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho tseem ceeb channel rau kev yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb hauv Kazakhstan. Ntau lub khw hauv online tau tsim los pab txhawb kev lag luam virtual ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov muag khoom. Platforms xws li Chocotravel, Kaspi, Technodom, thiab ntau yam ntxiv tau txais koob meej thiab muaj ntau yam khoom lag luam uas tuaj yeem muab tau thoob ntiaj teb. Zuag qhia tag nrho, Kazakhstan muab ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb xws li AIFC, tsoomfwv kev sib tw, kev ua lag luam / kev nthuav qhia, cov rooj sib tham qib siab, thiab kev lag luam e-lag luam zoo. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov neeg yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb coj mus rau hauv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam loj hlob thaum txhawb kev koom tes nrog Kazakhstani cov lag luam thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw. Nco tseg: Lo lus suav tshaj 600 lo lus; qhov no yog cov lus teb tsim los ntawm OpenAI cov lus qauv GPT-3 thiab tej zaum yuav xav tau kev hloov kho ntxiv kom haum rau hauv cov cim txwv.
Muaj ntau ntau lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav hauv Kazakhstan nrog rau lawv lub vev xaib URLs. Cov tshuab tshawb nrhiav no pab cov neeg siv nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau lub ncauj lus, suav nrog xov xwm, kev lom zem, kev kawm, thiab lwm yam. Nov yog qee qhov kev tshawb fawb nrov hauv Kazakhstan: 1. Yandex - Yandex yog ib lub tuam txhab Lavxias teb sab uas ua haujlwm loj tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb nrhiav hauv tebchaws Russia thiab tau siv dav hauv Kazakhstan thiab. Nws muab cov txiaj ntsig tshawb nrhiav cuam tshuam nrog rau cov kev pabcuam ntxiv xws li email, maps, thiab xov xwm. Lub Vev Xaib: www.yandex.kz 2. Google - Google yog lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab tseem siv dav hauv Kazakhstan. Nws muab cov txiaj ntsig tshawb nrhiav tseeb, daim duab qhia chaw, kev pabcuam txhais lus, email (Gmail), huab cia (Google Drive), thiab ntau yam ntxiv. Lub Vev Xaib: www.google.kz 3. Mail.Ru - Mail.Ru yog lub tuam txhab Lavxias hauv internet uas muab ntau yam kev pabcuam online nrog rau kev xaiv lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav uas siv dav hauv Kazakhstan. Nws tsom rau kev xa cov ntsiab lus tus kheej raws li kev nyiam rau tus kheej. Lub Vev Xaib: www.mail.ru 4. Rambler - Rambler yog lwm lub vev xaib Lavxias teb sab uas muab ntau yam kev pabcuam hauv online xws li kev pabcuam webmail (Rambler Mail), xov xwm sib sau platform (Rambler Xov Xwm), nyeem horoscope (Rambler Horoscopes), thiab ntau dua. Lub Vev Xaib: www.rambler.ru 5. Bing - Txawm hais tias tsis yog siv dav raws li cov kev xaiv tau hais los saum no, Bing los ntawm Microsoft tseem yog lwm txoj hauv kev tshawb nrhiav hauv internet hauv Kazakhstan rau qee cov neeg siv. Lub Vev Xaib: www.bing.com Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb no lossis hauv cheeb tsam feem ntau nkag mus los ntawm cov ntawv hauv zos lossis cov teb chaws tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho cov neeg siv kev paub thiab qhov tseeb. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws sijhawm vim kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis lossis hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg siv nyiam; yog li nws ib txwm pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas qhov hloov tshiab tam sim no thaum tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb siv ib qho ntawm cov platform no.

Cov nplooj daj loj

Kazakhstan, nyob rau hauv Central Asia, yog ib lub teb chaws muaj ntau haiv neeg kev lag luam thiab ntau yam lag luam. Hauv qab no yog cov nplooj ntawv nplooj daj tseem ceeb hauv Kazakhstan nrog rau lawv cov vev xaib: 1. Kazakhtelecom Yellow Pages (www.yellowpages.kz): Phau ntawv no suav nrog ntau yam kev lag luam thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj rau cov lag luam thoob plaws lub tebchaws. 2. 2GIS Kazakhstan (www.2gis.kz): Lub vev xaib no muaj cov npe dav dav ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv Kazakhstan, suav nrog cov xov tooj, chaw nyob, sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom. 3. Allbiz Kazakhstan (kazakhstan.all.biz): Allbiz yog lub khw online uas muab cov npe lag luam hauv ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog Kazakhstan. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ntau yam xws li kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim kho, kev thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam. 4. Expat.com Business Directory (www.expat.com/en/business/asia/kazakhstan): Expat.com muaj nplooj siab ua lag luam directory rau cov tuam txhab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm Kazakhstan. Nws suav nrog cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov lag luam hauv zos los pab cov neeg txawv teb chaws nrhiav cov khoom lag luam lossis cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam. 5. Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce Directory (kbcc.org.uk/membership/business-directory): Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce tuav ib phau ntawv qhia txog nws cov tswv cuab kev lag luam uas ua haujlwm hauv ntau yam hauv Kazakhstan. 6. UCell Yellow Pages (yellowpages.ucell.by): UCell yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw muab kev sib txuas lus hauv cheeb tsam uas tseem ua haujlwm rau nplooj ntawv daj online uas muab cov ntsiab lus sib cuag rau kev lag luam thoob plaws kev lag luam. 7. Tourister-KZ Lag Luam Portal (business.tourister.kz/en/kompanyi-kategoriej-i-tipy-obrazovaniya-v-kategoriya-sovershivsheesya-obrozovanie.html): Nrog rau kev tsom mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov chaw cob qhia hauv lub tebchaws, Tourister-KZ lub lag luam portal teev cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ntau qib nrog rau cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb muaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Cov no yog qee cov nplooj ntawv nplooj daj tseem ceeb hauv Kazakhstan uas tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog ntau yam lag luam, kev pabcuam, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws.

Kev lag luam loj platforms

Kazakhstan, raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws hauv Central Asia, tau pom kev loj hlob tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev lag luam e-lag luam. Nov yog qee qhov kev lag luam e-lag luam loj hauv Kazakhstan nrog rau lawv cov vev xaib: 1. Wildberries.kz: Wildberries yog lub khw hauv online uas muaj ntau yam khoom xws li khaub ncaws, khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam. Lub Vev Xaib: www.wildberries.kz 2. Lamoda.kz: Lamoda yog ib lub khw muag khoom hauv online uas paub txog nws cov khaub ncaws, khau, thiab khoom siv rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam. Lub Vev Xaib: www.lamoda.kz 3. Kaspi.kz: Kaspi tsis yog tsuas yog kev lag luam e-lag luam xwb tab sis kuj yog lub tuam txhab nyiaj txiag ua lag luam uas muab ntau yam kev pabcuam digital xws li kev them nyiaj online thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv tuam txhab nyiaj. Lub Vev Xaib: www.kaspi.kz 4. Technodom.kz: Technodom tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hauv tsev, muab kev xaiv ntau ntawm smartphones, laptops, TVs, khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, thiab lwm yam. Lub Vev Xaib: www.technodom.kz 5. Chocolife.me/kz: Chocolife yog ib lub platform nrov uas tsom rau kev muab kev sib tham thiab luv nqi rau ntau yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam suav nrog kev noj mov hauv khw noj mov, kev kho mob spa, pob khoom mus ncig thiab lwm yam Lub Vev Xaib: www.chocolife.me/kz 6. Gulliver.com : Gulliver yog ib qho chaw tsim khoom lag luam uas muaj ntau hom khoom xws li khaub ncaws & khoom siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob & khoom siv los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom hauv zos mus rau cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. 7.Avito-KZ.avito.ru - Avito-KZ muab kev tshaj tawm rau cov tib neeg los yuav lossis muag cov khoom tshiab lossis siv xws li khoom siv hauv tsev lossis tsheb. Cov no tsuas yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov lag luam e-lag luam tseem ceeb hauv Kazakhstan catering rau cov kev xav tau sib txawv xws li kev zam mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom luv nqi ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam / khoom.

Loj social media platforms

Hauv Kazakhstan, muaj ntau lub vev xaib kev sib raug zoo uas tib neeg siv los txuas thiab sib txuas lus. Nov yog qee qhov feem ntau siv social networking chaw hauv Kazakhstan: 1. VKontakte (VK): Nws yog Lavxias teb sab online social media platform uas nrov hauv Kazakhstan. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem tsim cov duab, sib qhia cov duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab, koom nrog pawg, thiab xa lus rau lwm tus neeg siv. Lub Vev Xaib: https://vk.com/ 2. Odnoklassniki: Zoo ib yam li VKontakte, Odnoklassniki yog lwm qhov chaw sib tham hauv Lavxias uas tso cai rau cov neeg siv nrhiav cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm, txuas nrog phooj ywg, qhia tawm tshiab thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv xov xwm. Lub Vev Xaib: https://ok.ru/ 3. Facebook: Thaum Facebook yog dav paub thoob ntiaj teb raws li kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj xov xwm, nws kuj muaj cov neeg siv tseem ceeb hauv Kazakhstan. Tib neeg siv nws los txuas nrog cov phooj ywg, sib qhia cov lus lossis cov khoom nyiam, koom nrog pawg lossis cov xwm txheej. Lub Vev Xaib: https://www.facebook.com 4. Instagram: Instagram yog qhov nrov heev ntawm Kazakhstani cov tub ntxhais hluas rau kev sib qhia cov duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab nrog rau cov ntawv sau lossis hashtags los qhia lawv tus kheej muaj tswv yim.Txuas tuaj yeem sib koom rau lwm lub platform kev sib raug zoo rau kev nkag mus.Website: https://instagram.com 5.Telegram: Telegram tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev nyob rau xyoo tas los no raws li kev ruaj ntseg kev xa xov app uas cov neeg siv tuaj yeem xa cov lus, duab, yeeb yaj kiab.Tsis yog ib qho instant messaging app, nws kuj hosts channel cov zej zog.Raws tawm ntawm Berlin, qhov no txawm ua raws li kev lag luam. & pauv khoom hauv zos.Lub vev xaib txuas yog -https//web.telegram.org. 6.Twitter: Twitter ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas & cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, kev xav, cov xwm txheej thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg siv ua raws ib leeg, retweet lawv cov tweets .Lawv tuaj yeem siv cov hashtags zoo ib yam.Website: www.twitter.com . 7.YouTube: YouTube tseem nrov heev ntawm Kazakhstani cov neeg siv internet thaum lawv saib cov yeeb yaj kiab tshaj tawm los ntawm cov tib neeg lossis cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb.Yuav pab yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ntau tshaj li cov ntawv nyeem & duab.Video platform txuas yog https://www.youtube .com/ ib. Cov no yog qee qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev tshaj xov xwm platform siv hauv Kazakhstan. Nco ntsoov tias qhov nrov ntawm cov platforms no yuav txawv ntawm cov hnub nyoog sib txawv lossis thaj chaw hauv lub tebchaws.

Cov koom haum kev lag luam loj

Kazakhstan, nyob hauv Central Asia, muaj ntau hom kev lag luam uas txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau lub koom haum tshaj lij. Cov koom haum no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev txaus siab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lawv cov sectors. Nov yog qee lub koom haum kev lag luam loj hauv Kazakhstan: 1. Kazenergy Association: Lub koom haum no sawv cev rau kev txaus siab ntawm Kazakhstan lub zog sector, nrog rau cov tuam txhab roj thiab roj, cov tuam txhab tsim hluav taws xob, thiab cov chaw muab kev pabcuam. Lawv lub vev xaib yog https://www.kazenergy.com/. 2. Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs: Atameken ua lub koom haum lub kaus rau ntau lub koom haum kev lag luam tshwj xeeb hauv Kazakhstan. Nws sawv cev rau cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov lag luam sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm https://atameken.kz/. 3. Union of Industrialists thiab Entrepreneurs (Union "BI"): Lub koom haum no tsom mus rau kev txhawb nqa kev txaus siab ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam hauv Kazakhstan los ntawm ntau yam kev pib thiab kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm. Xav paub ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem pom ntawm https://bi.kz/en. 4.KAZAKH INVEST - Investment Promotion Agency: KAZAKH INVEST aims kom nyiam cov kev nqis peev txawv teb chaws kom muaj ntau haiv neeg Kazakhstan kev lag luam los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov tub ua lag luam thoob plaws lawv txoj kev nqis peev nrog cov kev pabcuam xws li kev txawj ntse kev lag luam, kev pab cuam, kev txhawb nqa tsoomfwv, thiab lwm yam. Lawv lub vev xaib yog http: / /invest.gov.kz/en/. 5.National Mining Association "Kazakhstan": Sawv cev rau kev lag luam mining nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan nrog rau cov tuam txhab extractive koom nrog cov zaub mov xws li thee, uranium ore mining hauj lwm thiab lwm yam.. Ntau ntxiv txog lawv ntawm no: http://nma.kz/ 6.National Association for Developmenting Cooperatives (NADC): NADC txhawb nqa cov koom haum koom tes sawv cev rau ntau yam xws li kev koom tes ua liaj ua teb, khw muag khoom noj, nuv ntses thiab lwm yam. Lawv lub vev xaib tsis pom URL. Thov nco ntsoov tias qee lub koom haum kev tshaj lij yuav muaj cov vev xaib tsuas yog hauv Kazakh lossis Lavxias vim lawv qhov kev tsom mus rau hauv zos lossis kev txwv ntawm cov peev txheej Askiv.

Kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam websites

Kazakhstan, a Central Asian country, has a number of economic and trade websites that provide valuable information for businesses and investors. Here are some key websites with their URLs: 1. Kazakh Invest (www.invest.gov.kz): A government-owned investment promotion agency that offers comprehensive information on investment opportunities, sectors of focus, tax incentives, and the business environment in Kazakhstan. 2. National Export and Investment Agency (www.export.gov.kz): Provides support to local exporters and helps attract foreign investments through various export-oriented programs. The website provides relevant market intelligence, export statistics, trade events calendar, etc. 3. Kazakh Chamber of Commerce and Industry (www.atameken.kz): As the largest association representing entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan, this is a valuable resource for businesses seeking market access or partnership opportunities within the country. It offers business directory services along with event calendars and other useful tools. 4. Astana International Financial Centre (aifc.kz): Created to develop Astana as an international financial hub connecting Asia with Europe and helping diversify the national economy beyond oil reliance; this platform presents numerous opportunities for investors interested in finance-related sectors. 5. Ministry of Trade and Integration (miti.gov.kz/en): The government ministry responsible for formulating trade policies, facilitating foreign trade activities while protecting domestic industries' interests through various regulations; it aids traders with relevant information on laws/regulations regarding imports/exports. 6. Atameken Union (atameken.org/en): An organization focused on SME development in Kazakhstan by providing advisory services related to entrepreneurship across multiple sectors: agriculture & food processing industries being among them; website hosts many resources/tools useful for business owners/investors alike. 7. KAZAKHSTAN Industrialization Map 2025 (industrializationmap2015.com): This platform outlines priority areas identified by the government as part of its industrial development strategy until 2025; it provides details on investment projects, locations, and incentives to attract investors. These websites offer a comprehensive range of information and resources related to investment opportunities, trade policies, market insights, and business regulations in Kazakhstan. It is advisable to explore each platform based on specific needs or sectors of interest for the most relevant information.

Trade data query websites

Muaj ntau lub vev xaib kev lag luam nug cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau Kazakhstan. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv nrog rau lawv lub vev xaib chaw nyob: 1. Kazakhstan National Trade Repository (CNTR): Lub vev xaib official no muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev xa tawm, xa tawm, tariffs, thiab cov cai. Nws yog tswj los ntawm Ministry of Trade thiab kev koom ua ke. Lub Vev Xaib: http://www.cntr.kz 2. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Kazakhstan: WITS yog ib qho kev pib los ntawm World Bank uas muaj kev nkag mus rau thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam txheeb cais thiab cov ntaub ntawv tariff. Lawv cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev xa tawm, xa tawm, cov koom tes ua lag luam, thiab lwm yam. Lub Vev Xaib: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/KAZ 3. GlobalTrade.net - Kazakhstan Ntshuam-Export portal: GlobalTrade.net yog ib qho online platform uas pab cov tuam txhab nrhiav kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Lub portal muab cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev cai ntshuam-export, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam, cov xwm txheej ua lag luam, thiab kev sib cuag hauv kev lag luam. Lub Vev Xaib: www.globaltrade.net/expert-guides/country-profile/Kazakhstan/Market-Access 4. Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam - Kazakhstan Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam: Lub vev xaib no tsom mus rau kev muab cov ntsuas kev lag luam los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam nyiaj txiag rau Kazakhstan ib yam nkaus. Nws tso cai rau cov neeg siv tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm tiam sis nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas kev kwv yees rau lub teb chaws cov khoom xa tawm thiab xa tawm. Lub Vev Xaib: https://tradingeconomics.com/kazakhstan/balance-of-trade Cov vev xaib no tuaj yeem pab koj nrhiav cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog Kazakhstan kev lag luam ntws xws li nws cov neeg lag luam saum toj kawg nkaus, cov khoom xa tawm-ntshuam loj, tariffs siv rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb lossis cov haujlwm, nrog rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov platforms no vim muaj cov qauv qhia sib txawv lossis zaus ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab uas muab los ntawm cov peev txheej. Yog li nws tau pom zoo kom hla kev siv ntau qhov chaw thaum ua kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb hauv Kazakhstan

B2b platforms

Kazakhstan yog ib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Central Asia thiab nws muaj ob peb B2B platforms uas haum rau ntau yam lag luam. Nov yog qee qhov tseem ceeb B2B platforms hauv Kazakhstan nrog rau lawv lub vev xaib chaw nyob: 1. Alibaba: Lub ntiaj teb no B2B platform txuas cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom los ntawm kev lag luam sib txawv thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv Kazakhstan. Lub Vev Xaib: www.alibaba.com 2. TradeKey: TradeKey yog qhov chaw lag luam thoob ntiaj teb B2B online uas txhawb kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov lag luam hauv Kazakhstan. Lub Vev Xaib: www.tradekey.com 3. EC21: Lub platform no muaj ntau yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam rau cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb, sib txuas cov lag luam ua haujlwm hauv Kazakhstan nrog cov neeg koom tes thoob ntiaj teb. Lub Vev Xaib: www.ec21.com 4. Cov peev txheej thoob ntiaj teb: Cov peev txheej thoob ntiaj teb muab ntau yam kev daws teeb meem los ntawm nws cov khw hauv online, pab txhawb kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov nyob hauv Kazakhstan. Lub Vev Xaib: www.globalsources.com 5. Made-in-China.com: Raws li ib qho ntawm Tuam Tshoj ua B2B platforms, Made-in-China.com txuas Kazakhstani tuam txhab uas muag nrog cov neeg muag khoom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj thoob plaws ntau lub lag luam. Lub Vev Xaib: www.made-in-china.com 6. HKTDC (Hong Kong Trade Development Council): HKTDC tuav lub lag luam online-rau-kev lag luam kev lag luam platform txuas Kazakhstani ua lag luam rau cov neeg xa khoom zoo los ntawm Hong Kong thiab lwm thaj chaw thoob ntiaj teb. Lub Vev Xaib: www.hktdc.com 7. ECVV (Made-in-China): ECVV yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv Suav B2B platform uas muab kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov tuam txhab raws li cov teb chaws xws li Kazakhstan. Lub Vev Xaib: en.ecvv.co.kr. 8.MachineryZone – 专注于工程、建筑和农业行业的平台。链接: www.machineryzone.cn/ 这些是 Kazakhstan的一些知名的B2B平台，可以帮助当地企业与国内外潜在合轜伙伴建立迷珳。意，平台的网址可能会有变化，请在证后使用。
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