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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
IKazakhstan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseKazakhstan, lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia elinomda weRussia ukuya emantla nasentshona, iChina ngasempuma, iKyrgyzstan neUzbekistan emazantsi, kunye neTurkmenistan kumazantsi-ntshona. Ngommandla womhlaba omalunga ne-2.72 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha (1.05 yezigidi zeekhilomitha), lilizwe lesithoba ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ikomkhulu laseKazakhstan yiNur-Sultan, eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yi-Astana de kwangowama-2019 xa yathiywa ngokutsha emva kokuseka uMongameli uNursultan Nazarbayev. Esona sixeko sikhulu eKazakhstan, nangona kunjalo, yiAlmaty. IKazakhstan inembonakalo yomhlaba eyahlukahlukeneyo enamathafa amakhulu enza malunga nesibini kwisithathu sommandla wayo. Ikwabandakanya iintaba ezinje ngeAltai kunye neTian Shan ezisezantsi-mpuma. Eli lizwe lijongene nemozulu egqithisileyo yelizwekazi kunye nehlobo elishushu kunye nobusika obuqhaqhazelis' amazinyo. Ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-19, iKazakhstan inabemi abaquka uninzi lwabantu baseKazakhs kunye negcuntswana laseRussia. Ulwimi olusemthethweni sisiKazakh kodwa isiRashiya sisathethwa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amacandelo aquka ishishini kunye norhulumente. Uqoqosho lwaseKazakhstan luxhomekeke kakhulu kubutyebi bendalo obutyebileyo njengeoyile, igesi, amalahle kunye neeminerali ezifana neuranium kunye nobhedu. Ngomnye wabavelisi abahamba phambili kwihlabathi kwezi zixhobo ezinegalelo elikhulu kuhlumo lwe-GDP. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinzame zenziwe ekwahluleleni uqoqosho lwayo ngophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kuquka neendawo ezintsha zobugcisa. IKazakhstan yafumana inkululeko kwiSoviet Union ngo-1991 kwaye ukusukela ngoko yalandela imigaqo-nkqubo egxile kuzinzo lwezopolitiko kunye nokukhula koqoqosho olutsale utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Igcina ubudlelwane bobuhlobo kunye namazwe angabamelwane ngelixa ithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe equka i-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) kunye ne-Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Ityebile ngokwenkcubeko, iKazakhstan ibhiyozela amasiko emveli afana neNauryz Meyrami (uNyaka oMtsha) kunye neKurban Ait (umthendeleko ngokukhawuleza emva kweHajj). Iintlobo zomculo wesintu kunye nemidlalo efana neKokpar (umdlalo okhwele ihashe) ibonisa ilifa lenkcubeko yelizwe. Ukuqukumbela, iKazakhstan lilizwe elikhulu nelahlukeneyo laseMbindi Asia elaziwa ngemithombo yalo yendalo, uqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye neenzame zokuphucula imeko yangoku. Izama ngokuqhubekayo ukuzidalela ikamva elinempumelelo ngelixa igcina inkcubeko yayo etyebileyo.
Imali yeSizwe
IKazakhstan lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia enemali yalo, ebizwa ngokuba yiKazakhstani tenge (KZT). I-tenge ibe yimali esemthethweni yaseKazakhstan ukusukela ngo-1993 xa yayithatha indawo yeruble yaseSoviet. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, idola yaseMelika enye ilingana ne 426 KZT. Ireyithi yonaniselwano inokuhla inyuka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho. Imali iza ngamahlelo emali engamaphepha kunye neengqekembe. Amanqaku ebhanki afumaneka kumahlelo angama-200, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, kunye ne-10,000 tenge. Iingqekembe ziyafumaneka kwiinkonzo ezincinci ezinje nge tenge enye ukuya phezulu ukuya kuma 500 tenge. Ngelixa amanye amashishini esamkela iimali zamazwe angaphandle njengeedola zase-US okanye i-euro kwiintengiselwano ezithile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubekho imali yasekhaya esandleni kwiindleko zemihla ngemihla eKazakhstan. Imeko yemali eKazakhstan iye yahlala izinzile kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, abahambi abandwendwela okanye abahlala ixesha elide kufuneka bahlale behlaziywa ngalo naluphi na uphuhliso olunokuthi lube nefuthe kumazinga otshintshiselwano okanye imimiselo enxulumene notshintshiselwano lwemali. Kubalulekile ukuba ulumke xa utshintshisa imali kwaye uqinisekise ukuba wenza njalo kwiibhanki ezigunyazisiweyo okanye iinkonzo zotshintshiselwano ezihloniphekileyo ukunqanda ubuqhophololo okanye amatyala omgunyathi. Ngokubanzi, ukuqonda i-Kazakhstani tenge kunye nemeko yayo yangoku kuya kunceda abakhenkethi bajonge iintengiselwano zemali ngelixa behamba eKazakhstan ngokufanelekileyo.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yaseKazakhstan yiKazakhstani tenge (KZT). Ngokumalunga neereyithi zotshintshiselwano eziqikelelweyo, nceda uqaphele ukuba zinokuguquguquka kwaye zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo kunye nexesha. Nanga amanye amaxabiso otshintshiselwano oluqikelelweyo ukusukela ngo-Okthobha wama-2021: - 1 USD (United States Dollar) ≈ 434 KZT - 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 510 KZT - 1 GBP (British Pound) ≈ 594 KZT - 1 JPY (Yen yaseJapan) ≈ 3.9 KZT Nceda ukhumbule ukuba ezi ntlawulo zenzelwe iinjongo zolwazi kuphela kwaye zinokwahluka nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukufumana amaxabiso ahlaziyiweyo nachanekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neziko lezemali elithembekileyo okanye usebenzise isixhobo sokuguqula imali kwi-intanethi.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
IKazakhstan, ekuMbindi Asia, ibhiyozela iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Omnye weyona minyhadala ibalulekileyo yiNauryz Meyrami, ekwabizwa ngokuba nguMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo. Le holide yamandulo ibonisa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kwaye ibhiyozelwa ngo-Matshi 22nd minyaka yonke. INauryz Meyrami ngumbhiyozo owonwabisayo nodlamkileyo osekelwe nzulu kwizithethe namasiko aseKazakh. Lufuzisela umanyano, uhlaziyo, kunye neziqalo ezintsha. Ngexesha lalo mnyhadala, abantu banxiba iimpahla zesintu kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko. Enye yezinto eziphambili zeNauryz Meyrami kuseka ilali yeyurt apho abantu banokufumana ubomi bokuhambahamba. Imidlalo yesiNtu efana ne "Kokpar," umdlalo wokurhuqa ihashe ofana nepolo kodwa udlalwe ngesidumbu sebhokhwe endaweni yebhola, iququzelelwa ngeli xesha. Iintsapho ziyadibana ukonwabela izidlo nezitya zesintu ezifana ne "beshbarmak" (isitya senyama esihanjiswa ngeenoodles). Enye iholide ebalulekileyo eKazakhstan yiSuku Loloyiso, olubhiyozelwa ngoMeyi 9 ngonyaka ngamnye. Olu suku lukhumbula uloyiso kwiJamani yamaNazi kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kwaye inika imbeko kuwo onke amagqala awayesilwela inkululeko ngexesha lemfazwe. Le mibhiyozo iquka imingcelele yasemkhosini, imiboniso yeziqhushumbisi, amatheko okubekwa kwezidanga kwizikhumbuzo zemfazwe, neekonsathi ezineengoma zokuthand’ izwe. Ngaphezu koko, "uRukhani Zhangyru" okanye uSuku lweModernization yoMoya lufanele ukukhankanywa ngokukodwa njengoko lwaziswa kutsha nje ukukhuthaza ukukhula ngokomoya phakathi kwabemi phakathi kweenzame zokuphucula izinto ezenziwa ngurhulumente waseKazakhstan. Le mibhiyozo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni inkcubeko yaseKazakh ngokubonisa amasiko emveli adluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngelixa ihlonipha iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali eziye zabumba iKazakhstan kule nto iyiyo namhlanje.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
IKazakhstan lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMbindi weAsia elaziwa ngobutyebi balo bendalo obutyebileyo, ngakumbi kumandla kunye nezolimo. Ilizwe liye labandakanyeka ngokubonakalayo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthumela uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ezona mveliso zinkulu zaseKazakhstan ezithumela kumazwe angaphandle ziquka i-oyile negesi, iintsimbi (ezifana nobhedu, ialuminiyam, nezinc), iikhemikhali, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini. Eli lizwe lelona lizwe livelisa ioyile enkulu kuMbindi Asia kwaye linoovimba ababalulekileyo begesi yendalo. Ngenxa yoko, izibaso zezimbiwa zibalelwa kumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zizonke zaseKazakhstan. Ukongeza kwimithombo yamandla, iKazakhstan ikwathumela ngaphandle iimveliso zezolimo ezifana nengqolowa, irhasi, umqhaphu, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Eli lizwe linomhlaba ochumileyo wokulima ovumela ukuveliswa kwezityalo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Oku kuthunyelwa kwezolimo kumazwe angaphandle kunegalelo kwibhalansi yorhwebo yaseKazakhstan ngokwenza ingeniso kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngelixa ilizwe lixhomekeke ekuthumeleni impahla kumazwe angaphandle ukuze lizinzise uqoqosho lwalo, likwangenisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kumazwe angaphandle kuquka oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza, izithuthi (ingakumbi iimoto), amayeza kunye nempahla yabathengi. Amaqabane aphambili orhwebo eKazakhstan aquka iRussia – apho yabelana khona ngobudlelwane obusondeleyo bezoqoqosho ngenxa yezizathu zembali-iTshayina, i-Italiya yaseJamani kunye neFransi. La mazwe athumela ngaphandle imithombo yamandla kunye nezinye izinto zorhwebo zaseKazakh. Ukuququzelela imisebenzi yorhwebo eqhubela phambili ukukhula koqoqosho ngaphakathi nangaphandle, urhulumente waseKazakhstan uthathe amanyathelo afana nokutyikitya izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla kunye namazwe aliqela aquka iTurkey, i-Eurasian Economic Union, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimibutho yengingqi efana neShanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Lilonke, iKazakhstan izingca ngendima esebenzayo kurhwebo lwehlabathi ngokwenza inkunzi kwimithombo yobutyebi bendalo eninzi kunye nokwahluka kweepotfoliyo zayo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngeenzame eziqhubekayo zokuvula amathuba amatsha, ndilindele ukuba iKazakhstan iqhubeke nokuphuhlisa isikhundla sayo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Kazakhstan, ekuMbindi we-Asiya, inamandla amakhulu ophuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala, eli lizwe linobuncwane obuninzi bendalo njengeoli, igesi, nezimbiwa. Le ntabalala yezibonelelo inika amathuba entsebenziswano yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe notyalo-mali. Ukongeza, iKazakhstan yabelana ngemida kunye namazwe amaninzi kubandakanya iTshayina neRussia. Olu qoqosho lungabamelwane lubonelela ngokufikelela kwiimarike ezinkulu zabathengi kwaye lusebenza njengeendlela ezinokubakho zokudlula kurhwebo phakathi kweYurophu neAsia. Indawo yobuchule yelizwe ecaleni kweNdlela yeSilika yakudala iphucula ngakumbi indawo yayo njengendawo yorhwebo lwengingqi. Ngaphaya koko, iKazakhstan izimisele ukuseka iimeko ezifanelekileyo zoshishino ukutsala abatyali-mali bamanye amazwe. Urhulumente uphumeze uhlaziyo olwahlukeneyo olujolise ekuphuculeni lula ukwenza ushishino ngokwenza lula iinkqubo zolawulo kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko lomthetho. Ezi nzame zibe neziphumo zokwanda kotyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iKazakhstan iye yahlula uqoqosho lwayo kude nokuxhomekeka kwingeniso yeoli ngokugxila kumacandelo afana nezolimo, ukuvelisa, ukuhanjiswa, ukhenketho kunye namandla avuselelekayo. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sinikezela ngamathuba kumashishini aphesheya ajonge ukungena okanye ukwandisa ubukho bawo kula mashishini akhulayo. Ngaphaya koko, iKazakhstan lilungu lemibutho eyahlukeneyo yengingqi efana ne-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) kunye neShanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). La malungu aququzelela ubudlelwane borhwebo namazwe angabamelwane ngeli lixa ebonelela ngokufikelela kwizivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo namazwe angamalungu. Okokugqibela kodwa okubalulekileyo, urhulumente waseKazakh ukhuthaza ukukhula okukhokelwa ngokutsha ngamaphulo afana nenkqubo ye "Digital Kazakhstan" efuna ukuphuhlisa i-ecosystem yedijithali ekhuthaza ukhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho. Lilonke, ubutyebi bendalo obukhulu beKazakhstan budibene nendawo eyiyo efanelekileyo buyenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane kutyalo-mali lorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ukuzibophelela kukarhulumente ekuphuculeni iimeko zoshishino kwandisa amandla akhe njengemarike ekhulayo yeenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezifuna amathuba amatsha kuMbindi Asia.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Ukuze ukhethe iimveliso ezithandwayo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle eKazakhstan, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimeko zoqoqosho, inkcubeko kunye nabathengi belizwe. La manyathelo alandelayo anokunceda kwinkqubo yokukhetha imveliso: 1. Uhlalutyo lwemarike: Yenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwemarike yaseKazakhstani ukuchonga iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno. Qonda amandla okuthenga abathengi, izinto abazithandayo, kunye neendlela zokuphila. 2. Chonga amacandelo okukhula: Chonga amacandelo angundoqo okukhula kuqoqosho lwaseKazakhstan afana nolwakhiwo, amandla, ezolimo, ezonxibelelwano kunye nokhenketho. Gxininisa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zala macandelo. 3. Iingqwalasela zenkcubeko: Thatha ingqalelo yenkcubeko ngelixa ukhetha iimveliso zaseKazakhstan. Zihlonele izithethe nezithethe zasekuhlaleni xa ukhetha izinto ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zamkelekile kubathengi. 4. Uphando olukhuphisanayo: Phanda abantu okhuphisana nabo basekhaya sele besebenza ngempumelelo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseKazakhstan. Chonga iimveliso zabo zemveliso kwaye uzame ukufumana izikhewu okanye amathuba apho iimveliso zakho ezizodwa zinokukhula. 5. Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho: Qinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezikhethiweyo zihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu eyamkelwe kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo yokungenisa yaseKazakhstani. 6. Ukukhuphisana kwexabiso: Qwalasela izicwangciso-qhinga zokubeka amaxabiso xa ukhetha iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze zihlale zikhuphisana kwimarike yaseKazakhstani ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa umgangatho. 7. Iinketho zokuqhelanisa: Phonononga iinketho zokulungelelanisa iimveliso ezikhethiweyo ngokukodwa kwiimfuno zabathengi baseKazakhstani okanye ukhetho ngaphandle kokuguqula iimpawu zabo eziphambili. 8.Uphononongo loluhlu lwezinto ezithintelweyo:Bhalisa ukuqonda kwempahla ethintelweyo ngokujonga amaqumrhu alawulayo afana newebhusayithi yeManyano yeCustoms okanye nawuphi na umbutho ofanelekileyo karhulumente phambi kokuba wenze isigqibo sokuba zeziphi izinto onqwenela ukuzithumela ngaphandle/ukungenisa ngaphakathi/ngaphandle kweKazakhstan. 9.Iimfuneko zoLungiselelo: Qwalasela imiba yolungiselelo olubandakanya iindleko zothutho ezibandakanyekayo ekuthumeleni iimpahla ezisuka kwilizwe lakho ukuya eKazakhstan ngelixa ukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ngeenjongo zorhwebo zangaphandle. I-10. Intsebenziswano yamahlakani: Yomeleza amathuba akho empumelelo ngokusebenzisana nabasasazi basekuhlaleni okanye ii-arhente ezinolwazi olululo ngeemarike zengingqi njengoko zinokubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo malunga nokukhetha okuthandwayo okuthandwayo phakathi kwabathengi abaqinisekisa ukubekwa ngempumelelo kwezinto ezikhethiweyo. I-11.Izicwangciso zentengiso: Phuhlisa amaqhinga okuthengisa asebenzayo alungiselelwe imarike yaseKazakhstani. Gxininisa iimpawu ezizodwa kunye neenzuzo zeemveliso ezikhethiweyo ukutsala abathengi abanokubakho. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokukhethwa kwemveliso ethandwayo yorhwebo lwangaphandle eKazakhstan, ukwandisa amathuba akho okuphumelela kule marike.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
IKazakhstan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseKazakhstan, lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi Asia. Ngabantu abahlukeneyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo, iKazakhstan ibonisa iimpawu ezizodwa zabathengi. Olunye uphawu olubalaseleyo lwabathengi eKazakhstan bububele babo obunamandla. AmaKazakhs aziwa ngokufudumala kunye nokwamkela indalo kwiindwendwe. Xa usenza ishishini okanye usebenzisana nabathengi kweli lizwe, kubalulekile ukubuyisela lo bubele ngokubonisa intlonipho nokuxabisa izithethe zabo. Olunye uphawu oluphawuleka lwabathengi eKazakhstan kukuthanda kwabo ubudlelwane bomntu kunye nokunxibelelana ubuso ngobuso. Ukwakha ukuthembana ngonxibelelwano lobuqu kubalulekile xa uqhuba ushishino kweli lizwe. Bekuya kuba bubulumko ukuchitha ixesha ekukhuthazeni ubuhlobo ngokuya kwiimbutho zolonwabo okanye ukumemela abantu kwisidlo ngaphandle kwasemsebenzini. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-taboos okanye uvakalelo lwenkcubeko, kukho ezimbalwa umntu ekufuneka aziqaphele xa esebenzisana nabathengi abavela eKazakhstan. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinobuzaza njengezopolitiko okanye inkolo ngaphandle kokuba elinye iqela lizizisa ngokwalo. Ezi zifundo zihlala ziphikisana kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo. Ukongezelela, ukugcina ixesha kuxatyiswa kakhulu kwinkcubeko yamaKazakh; ke ngoko, ukufika kwangethuba ezintlanganisweni nakumadinga kubalulekile ukugcina intembeko yobungcali. Ukufika emva kwexesha ngaphandle kokucela uxolo lokwenene kunokonakalisa ubudlelwane bezoshishino. Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukunxiba ngokundilisekileyo xa udibana nabathengi okanye usiya kwimisitho esemthethweni eKazakhstan. Oku kuthetha ukuphepha impahla eveza ulusu oluninzi okanye isinxibo esingafanelekanga esinokugqalwa njengokungahloneli izithethe zasekuhlaleni. Lilonke, ukuqonda iimpawu zabathengi kunye nobuntununtunu benkcubeko yaseKazakhstan kunokuphucula kakhulu unxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo lweshishini ngaphakathi elizweni. Ngokubonisa intlonipho kumasiko esintu, ukwakha ubudlelwane bomntu obusekwe ekuthembekeni, ukuphepha izihloko ezinobuzaza ngexesha lencoko kunye nokuhlonipha izithethe zasekuhlaleni malunga nokugcina ixesha kunye nokunxiba ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuba negalelo kumava alungileyo oshishino kunye nabathengi baseKazakhstani.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
I-Kazakhstan lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMbindi we-Asiya kunye nenkqubo ekhethekileyo yezithethe kunye nenkqubo yokufudukela kwimida yayo. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili yenkqubo yolawulo lwesiko laseKazakhstan kunye neengqwalasela ezibalulekileyo kubahambi: Inkqubo yoLawulo lweSintu: 1. Ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe: Ekufikeni kwabo, bonke abatyeleli kufuneka babonise incwadana yokundwendwela esemthethweni eneenyanga ezintandathu ubuncinane ezishiyekileyo. Kusenokufuneka i-visa, ngokuxhomekeke kubuzwe bomhambi. Abatyeleli kufuneka bagcwalise iphetshana lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, eliza kufakwa isitampu ngamagosa asemdeni. 2. IsiBhengezo seCustoms: Abahambi kufuneka bazalise ifom yesibhengezo sempahla ephumayo, ebonisa naziphi na izinto abaza nazo elizweni ezidlula izibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo okanye izinto ezibekelwe imiqathango/ezithintelweyo (ezifana nemipu okanye iinarcotics). Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyigcine le fom de ihambe njengoko inokucelwa ngamagosa erhafu. 3. Isibhengezo semali: Akukho sithintelo kwisixa semali esinokuziswa eKazakhstan; nangona kunjalo, imali engaphezulu kwe-10,000 yeedola (okanye ilingana) kufuneka ibhengezwe ekufikeni okanye ekumkeni. 4. Isibonelelo esingahlawulelwayo: Isibonelelo sokungahlawulisi rhafu kwizinto zomntu ezifana nempahla kunye ne-electronics sifanelekile ngokubanzi; nangona kunjalo, izithintelo zinokusebenza kwiimveliso ezithile ezifana notywala kunye necuba. Iingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo: 1. Izinto ezingavumelekanga: I-Kazakhstan inemithetho engqongqo ngokuphathelele ukungenisa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwempahla ethile efana neziyobisi/iziyobisi, imipu, iimbumbulu, izinto ezenziwe ngenkcubeko ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu afanelekileyo/iimvume, njalo njalo. Kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nale migaqo ngaphambi kokuba uhambe ukuze uphephe. izohlwayo okanye imiba yomthetho. 2. Izinto eziLawulwayo: Ukuphatha okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi/i-narcotics e-Kazakhstan kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo kwaye kuthwala iziphumo ezinzima kubandakanya nokuvalelwa. 3. Iimveliso zezilwanyana/Izithintelo zokutya: Ukungenisa iimveliso ezithile zokutya ezifana neziqhamo ezitsha/imifuno okanye iimveliso zezilwanyana ezifana nenyama/ubisi kunokufuna amaphepha-mvume/uxwebhu olongezelelweyo ngenxa yemithetho yococeko enyanzeliswa ngabasemagunyeni. 4.Amaxwebhu okuHamba/uQinisekiso lwamaxwebhu : Gcina amaxwebhu akho okuhamba ekhuselekile kunye nee-visa zokungena eziyimfuneko ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho eKazakhstan. Phatha ikopi yencwadana yakho yokundwendwela kunye namaxwebhu okundwendwela ngawo onke amaxesha. Qinisekisa ukuba unikezela ngeenkcukacha ezichanekileyo kumagosa ongenelelo, njengoko ukungangqinelani phakathi kolwazi olunikiweyo kunye namaxwebhu angawo kunokuphakamisa inkxalabo. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olucokisekileyo kwaye uhlale uhlaziywa ngemigaqo kunye neemfuno zamva nje ngaphambi kokuya eKazakhstan. Ukuthobela imimiselo yezithethe kuya kuqinisekisa ukungena kakuhle kweli lizwe ngaphandle kwemiba yomthetho okanye iingxaki.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Kazakhstan, njengelungu le-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), ilandela umgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo wentlawulo yangaphandle yempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle. I-EAEU ibandakanya amazwe afana neRashiya, iBelarus, iArmenia, neKyrgyzstan. Ngokwemigaqo ye-EAEU, iKazakhstan isebenzisa ishedyuli ehambelanayo yerhafu yempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle. Amaxabiso entlawulo eKazakhstan ayahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlelo lweemveliso kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, izinto ezisisiseko eziyimfuneko ezinjengokutya kunye namayeza zihlala zinemirhumo ephantsi yokungenisa elizweni okanye azihlawuliswa iirhafu ngokupheleleyo. Kwelinye icala, izinto zodidi okanye iimpahla ezithathwa ngokuba zingabalulekanga zinokutsala amaxabiso aphezulu. Ngokubanzi, iKazakhstan iphumeze inkqubo yerhafu ethile apho iirhafu zokungenisa elizweni zihlawuliswa ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezithile ezifana nobunzima okanye ubuninzi bezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yerhafu enokuqala ukusuka kwi-0% ukuya kwipesenti ephezulu. Ngaphezu koko, kunokubakho iirhafu ezongezelelweyo kunye nemirhumo esetyenziswa kwiimpahla ezithile ngokuhambelana nomthetho wesizwe. Umzekelo, irhafu yerhafu inokutsalwa kwiintlobo ezithile zeziselo ezinxilisayo kunye neemveliso zecuba ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iKazakhstan ngamanye amaxesha ihlengahlengisa iirhafu zayo ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho okanye izivumelwano kunye namazwe angabamelwane ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-EAEU. Ukumisela eyona misebenzi yokungenisa elizweni esebenzayo kwimveliso ethile eKazakhstan, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nemithombo esemthethweni efana namagunya e-Kazakhstani Customs okanye abacebisi borhwebo abachwephesha abagxile kwimimiselo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngaphakathi kuMbindi Asia.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
I-Kazakhstan, eseMbindi Asia, inomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu ochazwe kakuhle kwiimpahla zayo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ilizwe liphumeze amanyathelo awohlukeneyo ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa icandelo lokuthengisa impahla ngaphandle. Okokuqala, iKazakhstan isebenzisa irhafu eyongeziweyo (i-VAT) kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, le rhafu idla ngokumiselwa kumyinge onguziro kwiimpahla ezithile ezichongwe njengezinto ezingarhafiswayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Oku kunceda ekukhuthazeni ukukhuphisana kweemveliso zaseKazakhstani kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ngokunciphisa iindleko zabo zonke. Ukongeza, ilizwe libonelela ngokukhululwa okukhethekileyo kwimirhumo yempahla ekhethiweyo yokuthumela ngaphandle. Olu kukhululwa lujolise ekukhuthazeni ukuveliswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweempahla ezithile ezithathwa njengezibalulekileyo ngokweqhinga okanye ezinokukhula okuphezulu. Uluhlu lweemveliso ezixolelweyo luphononongwa rhoqo kwaye luhlaziywe ngokusekwe kwiimeko zemarike kunye nezinto eziphambili zesizwe. Ngaphezu koko, iKazakhstan ityikitye izivumelwano zorhwebo ezininzi kunye namazwe ahlukeneyo kunye neeblocs zengingqi ukuququzelela ukuhamba korhwebo kunye nokunciphisa imiqobo yorhwebo. Ezi zivumelwano zihlala zibandakanya amalungiselelo anxulumene nokuthotywa kwemirhumo okanye ukupheliswa kwiindidi zemveliso ethile phakathi kwamaxesha ekuvunyelwene ngawo. Ngaphaya koko, urhulumente ubonelela ngenkxaso yemali kubathumeli-mpahla ngaphandle ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezibonelelo, iimali-mboleko, izikimu ze-inshorensi, kunye neziqinisekiso. La manyathelo anceda ukunciphisa imingcipheko yezemali eyayanyaniswa nemisebenzi yokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokwandisa ukuzithemba phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle. Okokugqibela kodwa okubalulekileyo, iKazakhstan iseke imimandla yoqoqosho ekhethekileyo (SEZs) kulo lonke ilizwe ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle kumashishini ekujoliswe kuwo. Ii-SEZ zihlala zinika inkuthazo eyongezelelekileyo yerhafu efana nerhafu ethotyiweyo yengeniso yenkampani okanye nokukhululwa ngokupheleleyo kwiirhafu ezithile kumashishini afanelekileyo asebenza ngaphakathi kwezi zowuni. Elokuqukumbela, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yeempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eKazakhstan ubandakanya indibaniselwano ye-VAT ekwizinga elinguziro kwiimveliso ezithile kunye nokukhululelwa kuluhlu lwempahla zorhwebo ezijoliswe kwimveliso ethile ebaluleke ngokweqhinga kuhlumo loqoqosho. Izivumelwano zorhwebo zikwaphakamisa amathuba okufikelela kwiimarike ngelixa amalinge enkxaso yemali karhulumente ejolise ekunciphiseni imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nemisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle. Lilonke la manyathelo anegalelo ekudaleni imeko-bume eyenza kube lula ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle eKazakhstan.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
IKazakhstan lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia, elaziwa ngobutyebi balo bendalo obukhulu kunye nendawo enobuchule. Njengomthengisi ophambili, ilizwe liseke inkqubo esebenzayo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka kokuthunyelwa kwayo ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa. Esinye sezatifikethi eziphambili zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweKazakhstan siSatifikethi seMvelaphi (CO). Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla eziveliswayo okanye ezicutshungulwayo eKazakhstan zihlangabezana neendlela ezithile ezibekwe zizivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe. I-CO ibonelela ngobungqina bokuba iimveliso ziphuma kweli lizwe, ezinokunceda abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle ukuba bafune unyango olukhethekileyo okanye izibonelelo phantsi kwezivumelwano zorhwebo ezifana ne-GSP (iNkqubo yokuZikhethwa ngokuBanzi). Ngaphezu koko, iKazakhstan ikwalandela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kumgangatho wemveliso kunye nokhuseleko. Abathengisi bangaphandle kufuneka bafumane izatifikethi ezifanelekileyo ezifana ne-ISO 9001 (IiNkqubo zoLawulo loBulunga) kunye ne-ISO 22000 (iiNkqubo zoLawulo loKhuseleko lokutya) ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yehlabathi. Ezi zatifikethi zamkelwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye zinceda ukwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi abanokubakho. Ukongeza kwezi ziqinisekiso, iKazakhstan iphinda iphumeze imigaqo ethile kwiindidi ezithile zeemveliso. Ngokomzekelo, iimpahla zezolimo zifuna izatifikethi ze-phytosanitary ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yempilo yezityalo. Ngokufanayo, iikhemikhali kunye nezinto ezinobungozi zifuna i-Safety Data Sheets (SDS) echaza ukubunjwa kwazo, imiyalelo yokuphatha, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Ukuququzelela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngakumbi, abasemagunyeni baseKazakhstani babonelela ngoncedo ngemibutho efana neKazakh Invest-inkampani yesizwe yokukhuthaza utyalo-mali- enika iinkonzo zenkxaso ezibanzi kuquka ulwazi ngeemfuno zokuthumela ngaphandle, idatha yophando lwemarike eququzelela ukufikelela ngokubanzi kwiimarike zangaphandle. Lilonke, iKazakhstan ibeka phambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imigangatho yesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle iyahlangatyezwa kubudlelwane borhwebo olungenamthungo kwihlabathi jikelele ngelixa ikhuthaza amathuba otyalo-mali ngaphakathi elizweni. Ukuqukumbela, iinkqubo zesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle kweKazakhstan zixhomekeke kwizatifikethi zemvelaphi njengobungqina beemveliso ezivela eKazakhstan.Ukongeza, iKazakhstan ithobela ngokungqongqo imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe ehambelanayo.Zinemigaqo eyahlukileyo elawula udidi lwecandelo ngalinye; Iimveliso zezolimo, ezifuna iziqinisekiso zephytosanitary ngelixa imichiza efuna iSDS.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
IKazakhstan lelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini elivaliweyo, elikuMbindi weAsia. Inendawo ecwangcisiweyo yejografi, edibanisa iYurophu neAsia, iyenza ibe liziko elibalulekileyo kurhwebo kunye nolungiselelo. Nazi ezinye iinkonzo ezicetyiswayo zolungiselelo kunye nolwazi malunga neKazakhstan: 1. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya: IKazakhstan inezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neSikhululo seenqwelomoya saMazwe ngaMazwe saseNursultan Nazarbayev eNur-Sultan (eyayisakuba yiAstana) kunye neAlmaty International Airport eAlmaty. Ezi zikhululo zeenqwelo moya zibonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho lomoya, kuquka ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngenqwelomoya ukuya kwiindawo ngeendawo. 2. Umzila kaloliwe: IKazakhstan inothungelwano olubanzi lukaloliwe oluqhagamshela kumazwe angabamelwane afana neTshayina neRashiya. Ilizwe lisebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenyathelo leSilk Road Economic Belt, elikhuthaza urhwebo ngothutho lukaloliwe. 3. Uthutho lwendlela: Iziseko zendlela eKazakhstan ziphuhliswe kakuhle, kunye nothungelwano olubanzi lweendlela ezidibanisa imimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Uthutho lwempahla ngendlela luxhaphakile kulungiselelo lwasekhaya. 4. Amazibuko olwandle: Nangona ingekho umda ngokuthe ngqo kulo naluphi na ulwandle okanye ulwandle, iKazakhstan isebenzisa izibuko kuLwandle lweCaspian ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe. IAktau Port yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuphatha imithwalo, inika unxibelelwano kwamanye amazibuko oLwandle lweCaspian. 5. Iinkqubo zeCustoms: Xa uqhuba imisebenzi yokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle eKazakhstan, kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane nemimiselo yezithethe ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwempahla kwimida. Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemfuno zezithethe ziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kolungiselelo. 6. Iinkampani zoLungiselelo: Iinkampani ezininzi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zothutho zisebenza eKazakhstan zibonelela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwempahla, izisombululo zogcino, uncedo lokucocwa kwempahla, iinkqubo zolawulo lwezothutho (TMS), ukucebisa ngekhonkco lokubonelela, njl. 7. Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla: Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla ziyafumaneka kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu ezifana neNur-Sultan (Astana), Almaty, kunye neKaragandy ezibonelela ngendawo yokugcina ngeenjongo zolawulo lwempahla okanye imisebenzi yokuwela idokhi. 8. Iiprojekthi zophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo: Ukwandisa ngakumbi amandla ayo olungiselelo, iKazakhstan iphumeze iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo. I-Khorgos Gateway, izibuko elikhulu elomileyo kumda we-China, lijolise ekukhuliseni urhwebo ngothutho oluphuculweyo kunye neendawo zokuphatha. Ezi zezinye zeenkonzo ezicetyiswayo zolungiselelo kunye nolwazi malunga neKazakhstan. Njengoqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda kwemisebenzi yorhwebo, iKazakhstan ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi olawulo olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo lwekhonkco lokubonelela. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neengcali zengingqi okanye ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zolungiselelo kwiimfuno ezithile xa ujongana nolungiselelo eKazakhstan.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

IKazakhstan lilizwe elikhula ngokukhawuleza kuMbindi weAsia, kwaye ibitsala abathengi abaliqela ababalulekileyo bamazwe aphesheya ukuze kuthengwe kwaye kuphuhliswe. Ilizwe libonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga kumazwe ngamazwe kwaye lithatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo ukubonisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zalo. Elinye lamajelo abalulekileyo okuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe eKazakhstan liZiko lezeMali laMazwe ngaMazwe laseAstana (AIFC). I-AIFC yasekwa njengendawo yezemali yamazwe ngamazwe ukutsala utyalo-mali nokukhuthaza imisebenzi yoshishino. Ibonelela ngeqonga kwiinkampani zangaphandle ukuba zinxibelelane, zibandakanyeke kwintsebenziswano, kwaye zibandakanyeke kurhwebo neKazakhstan. Uninzi lwabathengi bamazwe aphesheya bakhetha i-AIFC ngenxa yemithetho encomekayo, inkuthazo yerhafu, kunye nemeko yeshishini eselubala. Elinye ijelo eliphambili lokuthengwa kwempahla eKazakhstan kungeethenda zikarhulumente. Urhulumente uhlala ebhengeza iithenda kumacandelo ngamacandelo afana nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, iiprojekthi zamandla, iiprojekthi zokwakha, iinkqubo zempilo, njl. IKazakhstan ikwaququzelela imiboniso zorhwebo eliqela esebenza njengamaqonga kubathengi bamanye amazwe. I-Expo Astana yabanjwa ngo-2017 kwaye yatsala izigidi zeendwendwe ezivela kwihlabathi jikelele. Ibonise inguqulelo entsha evela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana namandla, ulwakhiwo, ezothutho, njl. njl., ibonelela ngamathuba okuba amashishini enze intsebenziswano neenkampani zaseKazakhstani. Ngaphandle koMboniso we-Astana, kukho eminye imiboniso ethe ngqo kwishishini ebanjwa unyaka wonke ebonelela amacandelo athile afana neshishini le-oyile kunye negesi (KIOGE), ishishini lemigodi (iMiningWorld Central Asia), ezolimo kunye nokulungiswa kokutya (AgriTek/FoodTek), njl. Le miboniso ibonelela ngombono obanzi wamashishini athile ngaphakathi kweKazakhstan ngelixa iququzelela amathuba othungelwano phakathi kwamashishini asekhaya kunye nabadlali behlabathi. Ngaphezu koko, abatyali-mali bamanye amazwe bahlala bethatha inxaxheba kwiiforam eziququzelelwe ngamaziko abalaseleyo eKazakhstani anje nge-Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs okanye iBhunga labaTyalomali baMazwe angaphandle elichotshelwe nguMongameli waseKazakhstan ngokwakhe ebonelela ngenye indlela yokubandakanya abantu abanempembelelo phakathi koluntu loshishino lwelizwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhwebo lwe-elektroniki luye lwavela njengejelo elibalulekileyo lokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe eKazakhstan. Iimarike ezininzi ze-intanethi zisekiwe ukuququzelela urhwebo lwenyani phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi. Iiplatifomu ezifana neChocotravel, iKaspi, iTechnodom, kunye nezinye ezininzi ziye zafumana ukuthandwa kwaye zinika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezinokufumaneka kumazwe ngamazwe. Ngokubanzi, iKazakhstan ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe njenge-AIFC, iithenda zikarhulumente, imiboniso yorhwebo/imiboniso, iiforam ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu, kunye namaqonga e-e-commerce aphumelelayo. Ezi ndlela zivumela abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bangene kwimakethi ekhulayo yelizwe ngelixa bekhuthaza intsebenziswano namashishini aseKazakhstani kumacandelo awohlukeneyo. Qaphela: Ubalo lwamagama ludlula amagama angama-600; le yimpendulo eveliswe yimodeli yolwimi ye-OpenAI ye-GPT-3 kwaye inokufuna ukuhlelwa okungakumbi ukuze ilingane kumda woonobumba.
Zininzi iinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo eKazakhstan kunye neeURL zazo zewebhusayithi. Ezi njini zokukhangela zinceda abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ulwazi ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iindaba, ulonwabo, imfundo, kunye nokunye. Nazi ezinye iinjini zokukhangela ezidumileyo eKazakhstan: 1. Yandex - Yandex yinkampani yaseRashiya yamazwe ngamazwe eqhuba injini yokukhangela enkulu eRashiya kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu eKazakhstan ngokunjalo. Ibonelela ngeziphumo zophando ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-imeyile, iimephu, kunye neendaba. umthombo: www.yandex.kz 2. UGoogle - Google yeyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo kwihlabathi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu eKazakhstan. Inika iziphumo ezichanekileyo zokukhangela, iimephu, iinkonzo zokuguqulela, i-imeyile (i-Gmail), ukugcinwa kwelifu (i-Google Drive), kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Iwebhusayithi: www.google.kz 3. I-Mail.Ru - I-Mail.Ru yinkampani ye-intanethi yaseRashiya ebonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ze-intanethi kuquka i-injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa kakhulu eKazakhstan. Ijolise ekuhambiseni umxholo olungiselelwe umntu ngamnye kwizinto anomdla kuzo. umthombo: www.mail.ru 4. I-Rambler - i-Rambler enye i-portal yewebhu yaseRashiya enikezela uluhlu oluhlukeneyo lweenkonzo ze-intanethi ezifana nenkonzo ye-webmail (i-Rambler Mail), iqonga lokudibanisa iindaba (i-Rambler News), ukufundwa kwe-horoscope (i-Rambler Horoscopes), kunye nokunye. umthombo: www.rambler.ru 5. I-Bing - Nangona ingasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi njengokhetho olukhankanywe ngasentla, i-Bing kaMicrosoft ihlala iyenye yokukhangela kwi-intanethi eKazakhstan ukwenzela abanye abasebenzisi. umthombo: www.bing.com Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi njini zophendlo zidumileyo zehlabathi okanye zengingqi zihlala zifikelelwa ngeenguqulelo zalapha okanye imimandla ejongene nelizwe elithile ukuze kuphuculwe amava omsebenzisi kunye nokufaneleka. Nceda ukhumbule ukuba olu lwazi lunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe okanye utshintsho kwizinto ezikhethwa ngumsebenzisi; kungoko kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge uhlaziyo lwangoku ngelixa ukhangela ulwazi oluthile usebenzisa naliphi na kula maqonga.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

IKazakhstan, ekuMbindi Asia, lilizwe elinoqoqosho olwahlukahlukeneyo namashishini ahlukeneyo. Apha ngezantsi zizikhokelo zamaphepha atyheli aphambili eKazakhstan kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. Kazakhtelecom Yellow Pages (www.yellowpages.kz): Olu luhlu luquka amashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye lubonelela ngolwazi loqhagamshelwano lwamashishini kwilizwe lonke. 2. I-2GIS Kazakhstan (www.2gis.kz): Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kunye neenkonzo eKazakhstan, kubandakanya iinombolo zefowuni, iidilesi, iiyure zokusebenza, kunye nophononongo lwabathengi. 3. I-Allbiz Kazakhstan (kazakhstan.all.biz): I-Allbiz yindawo yentengiso ye-intanethi ebonelela ngoluhlu lwamashishini kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka neKazakhstan. Inika ulwazi malunga namacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ulwakhiwo, ezothutho, nokunye. 4. I-Expat.com Business Directory (www.expat.com/en/business/asia/kazakhstan): I-Expat.com inoluhlu lweshishini oluzinikeleyo kwiinkampani ezisebenza kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo zaseKazakhstan. Ibandakanya iiprofayili ezineenkcukacha zamashishini asekhaya ukunceda abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe bafumane iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo. 5. Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce Business Directory (kbcc.org.uk/membership/business-directory): I-Kazakh-British Chamber of Commerce igcina uluhlu olubonisa amashishini amalungu ayo asebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweKazakhstan. 6. I-UCell Yellow Pages (yellowpages.ucell.by): I-UCell ngomnye wababoneleli bonxibelelwano abakhokelayo kwingingqi ekwasebenzisa iqonga le-intanethi lamaphepha amthubi anikezela ngeenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kumashishini kuwo onke amashishini. 8 Indawo yeshishini lomkhenkethi-KZ idwelisa izikolo ezikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa ezifumanekayo kubafundi. Ezi zezinye zamaphepha atyheli abalaseleyo eKazakhstan anokubonelela ngolwazi olubanzi malunga namashishini ahlukeneyo, iinkonzo, kunye namaziko emfundo kweli lizwe.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

IKazakhstan, njengenye yezona zoqoqosho zikhula ngokukhawuleza kuMbindi weAsia, ibone uphuhliso olubalulekileyo kwicandelo layo le-e-commerce. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce aphambili eKazakhstan kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Wildberries.kz: I-Wildberries yindawo yokuthengisa ethandwayo kwi-intanethi enikezela ngeemveliso ezininzi ezibandakanya iimpahla, i-electronics, iimpahla zasekhaya, kunye nokunye. umthombo: www.wildberries.kz 2. I-Lamoda.kz: I-Lamoda ngumthengisi wefashoni we-intanethi owaziwa ngengqokelela ebanzi yempahla, izihlangu, kunye nezixhobo zamadoda nabasetyhini. umthombo: www.lamoda.kz 3. I-Kaspi.kz: I-Kaspi ayikho nje i-e-commerce platform kodwa kunye nenkampani ehamba phambili ye-teknoloji yezemali enikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zedijithali ezifana neentlawulo ze-intanethi kunye nezisombululo zebhanki. umthombo: www.kaspi.kz 4. I-Technodom.kz: I-Technodom igxile kakhulu kwizinto zombane kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya, ibonelela ngokhetho oluninzi lwee-smartphones, iilaptops, iiTV, izixhobo zasekhitshini, kunye nokunye. umthombo: www.technodom.kz 5. I-Chocolife.me/kz: I-Chocolife yiqonga elidumileyo elijolise ekuboneleleni ngezivumelwano kunye nezaphulelo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo ezibandakanya amava okutya kwiindawo zokutyela, unyango lwe-spa, iiphakheji zokuhamba njl. 6. I-Gulliver.com : I-Gulliver yindawo yemarike esekiweyo ebonelela ngeendidi zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nempahla kunye nezixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane ezisuka kubathengisi basekuhlaleni ukuya kwiimpawu zamazwe ngamazwe. 7.Avito-KZ.avito.ru - I-Avito-KZ inikezela ngeentengiso ezihleliweyo kubantu ngabanye ukuba bathenge okanye bathengise izinto ezintsha okanye ezisetyenzisiweyo njengezinto zendlu okanye izithuthi. Le yeminye yemizekelo yamaqonga e-e-commerce abalaseleyo eKazakhstan abonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwifashoni ukuya kwi-elektroniki ukuya kwizivumelwano ezithotyiweyo kwiinkonzo / kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

EKazakhstan, kukho amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo adumileyo asetyenziswa ngabantu ukunxibelelana kunye nokunxibelelana. Nazi ezinye zezona ndawo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwinethiwekhi yoluntu eKazakhstan: 1. I-VKontakte (i-VK): Liqonga le-intanethi ye-intanethi yaseRashiya ethandwa kakhulu eKazakhstan. Abasebenzisi banokwenza iiprofayili, babelane ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo, bajoyine amaqela, kwaye bathumele umyalezo kwabanye abasebenzisi. umthombo: https://vk.com/ 2. I-Odnoklassniki: Ngokufana neVKontakte, i-Odnoklassniki yenye indawo ye-intanethi ye-social networking yaseRashiya evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane abantu abafunda nabo, badibanise nabahlobo, babelane ngohlaziyo kunye nomxholo wemidiya. umthombo: https://ok.ru/ 3. I-Facebook: Ngelixa i-Facebook isaziwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele njengeqonga eliphambili lemidiya yoluntu, nayo inesiseko esibalulekileyo somsebenzisi eKazakhstan. Abantu bayisebenzisela ukunxibelelana nabahlobo, ukwabelana ngezithuba okanye amanqaku anomdla, ukujoyina amaqela okanye imicimbi. umthombo: https://www.facebook.com 4. I-Instagram: I-Instagram idume kakhulu phakathi kolutsha lwaseKazakhstani ngokwabelana ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo kunye namagama-ncazo okanye ii-hashtag zokuzibonakalisa ngokuyilayo.Izixhumanisi zinokwabelwana ngazo kwamanye amaqonga oluntu ukufikelela ngokubanzi.Iwebhusayithi: https://instagram.com 5.ITelegram :ITelegram ifumene ukuthandwa kakhulu kwiminyaka yamva nje njengosetyenziso lomyalezo olukhuselekileyo apho abasebenzisi banokuthumela imiyalezo, imifanekiso, iividiyo.Ayiyonkqubo yemiyalezo nje ekhawulezileyo, ikwabamba amajelo asekuhlaleni. & neempahla zorhwebo ekuhlaleni.Ikhonkco lewebhusayithi ithi -https//web.telegram.org. 6.Twitter : UTwitter udlala indima ebalulekileyo phakathi kolutsha kunye nabaphembeleli ekusasazeni iindaba , izimvo , iziganeko njl.njl 7.YouTube: UYouTube uhlala ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi baseKazakhstani njengoko bebukele iividiyo eziposwe ngabantu okanye imibutho kwihlabathi jikelele.Iyakunceda ukuba ujonge okungaphezulu kokubhaliweyo kunye neefoto.Ikhonkco leqonga levidiyo lithi https://www.youtube. .com/ . Ezi zezinye zeqonga leendaba zoluntu eziphawulekayo ezisetyenziswa eKazakhstan. Khumbula ukuba ukuthandwa kwala maqonga kunokwahluka phakathi kwamaqela obudala okanye imimandla yelizwe.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

IKazakhstan, ekuMbindi Asia, inoluhlu lwamashishini ahlukeneyo axhaswa yimibutho eyahlukeneyo yobuchwephesha. Le mibutho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni umdla kunye nophuhliso lwamacandelo abo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho emikhulu yoshishino eKazakhstan: 1. I-Kazenergy Association: Lo mbutho umele umdla wecandelo lamandla e-Kazakhstan, kuquka iinkampani ze-oyile negesi, iinkampani zokuvelisa umbane, kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi https://www.kaenergy.com/. 2. I-Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs: I-Atameken isebenza njengombutho we-ambrella wemibutho emininzi ejongene neshishini eKazakhstan. Imele umdla wamashishini amancinci naphakathi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya apha https://atameken.kz/. 3. IManyano yoShishino kunye noShishino (Union "BI"): Lo mbutho ugxile ekukhuthazeni umdla wamashishini amashishini kunye nemveliso eKazakhstan ngamaphulo ahlukeneyo kunye nomsebenzi wokukhuthaza. Ulwazi oluthe vetshe lunokufumaneka ku- https://bi.kz/en. I-4.KAZAKH INVEST - I-Arhente yokuKhuthaza uTyalo-mali: I-KAZAKH INVEST ijolise ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ukuba luhlukanise uqoqosho lwaseKazakhstan ngokuxhasa abatyali-mali kulo lonke uhambo lwabo lotyalo-mali kunye neenkonzo ezifana nobukrelekrele bentengiso, ukuququzelelwa kweprojekthi, inkxaso yobudlelwane bukarhulumente, njl njl. Iwebhusayithi yabo yi-http:/ /invest.gov.kz/en/. 5.National Mining Association "Kazakhstan": Imele ishishini lemigodi e Kazakhstan kuquka iinkampani extrative ezibandakanyekayo nezimbiwa ezifana namalahle, imisebenzi yemigodi uranium ore njl. Okunye malunga nabo apha: http://nma.kz/ 6. Umbutho weSizwe wamaKopolotyeni oPhuhliso (NADC): I-NADC ixhasa imibutho yentsebenziswano emele amacandelo amaninzi afana noomasibambisane bezolimo, iivenkile ezithengisa ukutya, ezokuloba njalo njalo.Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi No URL found. Nceda uqaphele ukuba eminye imibutho yobuchwephesha inokuba neewebhusayithi ezifumaneka kuphela ngeelwimi zesiKazakh okanye zesiRashiya ngenxa yokujolisa kwabo kwendawo okanye imida kwizixhobo zesiNgesi.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

I-Kazakhstan, ilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asia, linenani leewebhusayithi zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kumashishini kunye nabatyali-mali. Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi eziphambili ezine-URL zazo: 1. I-Kazakh Invest (www.invest.gov.kz): I-arhente karhulumente yokukhuthaza utyalo-mali enika ulwazi olubanzi ngamathuba otyalo-mali, amacandelo ekugxilwe kuwo, inkuthazo yerhafu, kunye nemeko yoshishino eKazakhstan. 2. I-Arhente yeSizwe yoThunyelo-mali kunye noTyalo-mali (www.export.gov.kz): Ibonelela ngenkxaso kubathengisi balapha ekhaya kwaye inceda ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezijolise kumazwe angaphandle. Iwebhusayithi ibonelela ngobukrelekrele bentengiso obufanelekileyo, izibalo zokuthumela ngaphandle, ikhalenda yeziganeko zorhwebo, njl. 3. I-Kazakh Chamber of Commerce and Industry (www.atameken.kz): Njengowona mbutho mkhulu omele oosomashishini baseKazakhstan, esi sisixhobo esinexabiso kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kwimarike okanye amathuba entsebenziswano ngaphakathi kweli lizwe. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo zolawulo lweshishini kunye neekhalenda zeminyhadala kunye nezinye izixhobo eziluncedo. 4. I-Astana International Financial Centre (aifc.kz): Yenzelwe ukuphuhlisa i-Astana njengendawo yezemali yamazwe ngamazwe edibanisa i-Asia neYurophu kwaye inceda ekuguquleni uqoqosho lwesizwe ngaphezu kokuthembela kweoli; eli qonga libonisa amathuba amaninzi kubatyali-mali abanomdla kumacandelo anxulumene nezimali. 5. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo noManyano (miti.gov.kz/en): Isebe likarhulumente elijongene nokuqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, ukuququzelela imisebenzi yorhwebo lwangaphandle ngeli lixa kukhuselwa umdla wamashishini asekhaya ngemimiselo eyahlukeneyo; inceda abarhwebi ngolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nemithetho / imimiselo malunga nokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle. 6. I-Atameken Union (atameken.org/en): Umbutho ogxile kuphuhliso lwe-SME eKazakhstan ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zengcebiso ezinxulumene noshishino kuwo wonke amacandelo amaninzi: ezolimo kunye namashishini okulungisa ukutya aphakathi kwawo; iwebhusayithi ibamba izixhobo ezininzi/izixhobo eziluncedo kubanini bamashishini/abatyali-mali ngokufanayo. 7. KAZAKHSTAN Industrialization Map 2025 (industrializationmap2015.com): Eli qonga lichaza iindawo eziphambili ezichongwe ngurhulumente njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sakhe sophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kude kube ngu-2025; inika iinkcukacha kwiiprojekthi zotyalo-mali, iindawo, kunye nenkuthazo yokutsala abatyali-mali. Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lolwazi kunye nezibonelelo ezinxulumene namathuba otyalo-mali, imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, ukuqonda kweemarike, kunye nemigaqo yoshishino eKazakhstan. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise iqonga ngalinye ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile okanye amacandelo anomdla wolona lwazi lufanelekileyo.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo eKazakhstan. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Kazakhstan National Trade Repository (CNTR): Le webhusayithi esemthethweni ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo ezibanzi kunye nolwazi malunga nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iintlawulo, kunye nemimiselo. Ilawulwa liSebe lezoRhwebo kunye noManyano. umthombo: http://www.cntr.kz 2. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS) - Kazakhstan: I-WITS linyathelo leBhanki yeHlabathi elibonelela ngofikelelo kwiinkcukacha manani zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenkcukacha zoluhlu lweerhafu. Uvimba wabo weenkcukacha uquka iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, amaqabane orhwebo, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/KAZ 3. I-GlobalTrade.net - I-portal yaseKazakhstan yokuThumela ngaphandle kwe-Kazakhstan: I-GlobalTrade.net yindawo ye-intanethi enceda iinkampani ekufumaneni amathuba oshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-portal ibonelela ngezixhobo eziluncedo kwimimiselo yokungenisa-ngaphandle, iingxelo zophando lwemarike, iziganeko zorhwebo, kunye nabafowunelwa ngokukodwa kwishishini. Iwebhusayithi: www.globaltrade.net/expert-guides/country-profile/Kazakhstan/Market-Access 4. Trading Economics - Kazakhstan Trade Balance: Le webhusayithi igxile ekuboneleleni ngezalathi zoqoqosho ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kuquka nedata yolungelelwaniso lorhwebo eKazakhstan kakhulu. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baphonononge iintsingiselo zembali kunye nokuhlalutya uqikelelo lwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwelizwe ngaphandle. Iwebhusayithi: https://tradingeconomics.com/kazakhstan/balance-of-trade Ezi webhusayithi zinokukunceda ukuba ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuhamba korhwebo lwaseKazakhstan olufana namaqabane ayo arhwebayo aphezulu, iimpahla ezinkulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iirhafu ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezithile okanye amacandelo, kunye namanani ebhalansi yorhwebo ngokubanzi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufumaneka kwedatha kunokwahluka kuwo onke la maqonga ngenxa yemigangatho yokunika ingxelo eyahlukeneyo okanye ukuphindaphindwa kohlaziyo olunikezelwa yimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uwele kwimithombo emininzi ngelixa usenza naluphi na uphando olunxulumene norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eKazakhstan

amaqonga B2b

IKazakhstan lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia kwaye inamaqonga eB2B aliqela abonelela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B abalaseleyo eKazakhstan kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Alibaba: Eli qonga lehlabathi le-B2B lidibanisa abathengi kunye nabanikezeli abavela kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele, kuquka iinkampani ezisebenza eKazakhstan. umthombo: www.alibaba.com 2. I-TradeKey: I-TradeKey yindawo yentengiso ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe ekwi-intanethi eququzelela urhwebo phakathi kwabathumeli ngaphandle nabathumeli ngaphandle elizweni jikelele, kuquka namashishini aseKazakhstan. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.tradekey.com 3. EC21: Eli qonga libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neenkonzo kubathengi kunye nabathengisi kwihlabathi jikelele, ukudibanisa amashishini asebenza eKazakhstan kunye namaqabane anokubakho kwihlabathi jikelele. umthombo: www.ec21.com 4. Imithombo yeHlabathi: IMithombo yeHlabathi ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezisombululo zokufumana izisombululo ngendawo yayo yentengiso ye-intanethi, iququzelela urhwebo phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanywa nabo baseKazakhstan. Iwebhusayithi: www.globalsources.com 5. Made-in-China.com: Njengenye yeeplatifomu zeB2B eziphambili zaseChina, i-Made-in-China.com idibanisa iinkampani zaseKazakhstani kunye nabanikezeli abavela eChina kuwo wonke amashishini amaninzi. umthombo: www.made-in-china.com 6. I-HKTDC (iBhunga loPhuhliso lwezoRhwebo lwaseHong Kong): I-HKTDC ibamba iqonga le-intanethi lokufumana ishishini ukuya kwishishini elidibanisa oosomashishini baseKazakhstani nababoneleli abasemgangathweni abasuka eHong Kong nakweminye imimandla kwihlabathi jikelele. umthombo: www.hktdc.com 7. I-ECVV (Yenziwe-e-China): I-ECVV lelinye iqonga leB2B elibalaseleyo laseTshayina elibonelela ngeenkonzo zorhwebo zehlabathi jikelele kwiinkampani ezisekelwe kumazwe afana neKazakhstan. iwebhusayithi: en.ecvv.co.kr. 8.MachineryZone – 专注于工程、建筑和农业行业的平台。链接：www.machineryzone.cn/ 這些是Kazakhstan的一些知名的B2B平台，可以帮助当地企业与国内外潜在合作伴建立聽系，並个进合作传建立联系，七进远远远远台话。的网址可能会有变化，请查证后使用.
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