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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
I-Tajikistan lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi we-Asiya, umda yi-Afghanistan emazantsi, i-Uzbekistan ngasentshona, iKyrgyzstan emantla, kunye neChina ngasempuma. Ithatha indawo emalunga ne-143,100 yeekhilomitha zesikwere. Ngabemi abamalunga ne-9.6 yezigidi zabantu, iTajikistan lilizwe elinezizwe ngezizwe elineTajiks ebandakanya uninzi. Ulwimi olusemthethweni sisiTajik kodwa isiRashiya sisathethwa ngokubanzi. Ikomkhulu laseTajikistan yiDushanbe esebenza njengendawo yayo yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ezinye izixeko ezikhulu ziquka iKhujand kunye ne Kulob. I-Tajikistan inomhlaba ohlukeneyo oquka iintaba eziphakamileyo njengeentaba zePamir ezibandakanya ezinye zezona ntaba ziphakamileyo zehlabathi. Ezi mpawu zendalo ziyenza idume phakathi kwabakhenkethi kunye nabafuna i-adventure kwimisebenzi yokunyuka intaba kunye nokuhamba. Uqoqosho luxhomekeke kakhulu kwezolimo, umqhaphu uyenye yezona zinto ziwuthumelayo kumazwe angaphandle. Amanye amacandelo afana nemigodi (kuquka igolide), imveliso ye-aluminiyam, ukwenziwa kwamalaphu, namandla ombane ophehlwa ngamanzi nawo anegalelo elikhulu kwi-GDP yelizwe. I-Tajikistan iye yajamelana nemingeni emininzi ukususela ekufumaneni inkululeko kwiSoviet Union ngo-1991. Nangona kunjalo, iinzame zenziwe malunga nozinzo kunye nophuhliso ukususela ngoko. Urhulumente usebenza phantsi kwenkqubo yomongameli weriphabliki kunye no-Emomali Rahmon esebenza njengoMongameli wakhe ukusukela ngo-1994. Ngaphandle kwale mingeni, inkcubeko yeTajik iyaphumelela ngenxa yelifa layo elityebileyo eliphenjelelwa zizithethe zasePersi ezidityaniswe neempembelelo zexesha leSoviet. Umculo wesintu onjengoShashmaqam kunye nemisebenzi yezandla efana ne-embroidery imele olu manyano lwenkcubeko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukhenketho belukhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngeendwendwe ezitsalwa kwiindawo zembali ezifana ne-Hissor Fortress okanye i-UNESCO World Heritage Sites kuquka iSarazm-enye yezona ndawo zindala zokuhlala kuMbindi Asia.
Imali yeSizwe
ITajikistan lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi Asia. Imali esemthethweni yaseTajikistan yiTajikistani somoni, efinyeziweyo njenge TJS. Yaziswa ngo-Oktobha 2000, i-somoni yathatha indawo yemali yangaphambili, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ruble yaseTajikistani. I-somoni enye yahlulwe yaba yi-100 diram. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho ngqekembe ye-diram ejikelezayo; endaweni yoko, kusetyenziswa amanqaku ephepha. Izinga lokutshintshiselana kwe-somoni lingaguquguquka ngokuchasene neemali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana nedola yaseMelika kunye ne-euro. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala ijikeleza nge-1 USD = malunga ne-10 TJS (ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2021). Ukufumana okanye ukutshintshisa ngemali yasekhaya ngelixa undwendwela iTajikistan, umntu unokukwenza oko kwiibhanki ezigunyazisiweyo kunye neeofisi zokutshintshiselana ezifumaneka ikakhulu kwizixeko ezikhulu ezinjengeDushanbe okanye iKhujand. Ii-ATM zikwakhona xa kutsalwa imali kusetyenziswa amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala okanye amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphathe iimvaba ezincinci xa ujongana nentengiselwano yemali njengoko amatyala amakhulu asenokungasoloko amkelwa ngabathengisi okanye amaziko amancinci angaphandle kwemimandla yasezidolophini. Lilonke, njengalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe elinenkqubo yalo ekhethekileyo yemali, ukuqonda kunye nokulungiswa ngemali ethile yasekhaya ngelixa undwendwela iTajikistan kuya kuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kwemali okugudileyo ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho kolu hlanga luhle.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yaseTajikistan yiTajikistani somoni (TJS). Ngokumalunga namaxabiso otshintshiselwano kwiimali ezinkulu zehlabathi, nceda uqaphele ukuba la maxabiso ayatshintshatshintsha rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoSeptemba ka-2021, uqikelelo lweereyithi zotshintshiselwano zezi zilandelayo: I-1 USD = 11,30 TJS 1 EUR = 13,25 TJS 1 GBP = 15.45 TJS I-1 CNY = 1,75 TJS Nceda ukhumbule ukuba ezi ntlawulo zisenokutshintshwa kwaye kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba ukhangele kumthombo othembekileyo okanye iziko lezemali ngezona milinganiselo zihlaziyiweyo phambi kokuba wenze nayiphi na intengiselwano.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-Tajikistan ibhiyozela iminyhadala emininzi ebalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Omnye wemithendeleko ebalulekileyo eTajikistan yiNavruz, ephawula uNyaka oMtsha wasePersi kunye nokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Iwa ngoMatshi 21 kwaye ithathwa njengeholide yelizwe. I-Navruz ibhiyozelwa ngomdla omkhulu kunye nezithethe ezimiliselwe kwinkcubeko yaseTajik. Abantu bacoca amakhaya abo, bathenge iimpahla ezintsha, baze balungiselele izidlo zomsitho wokwamkela unyaka ozayo. Izitrato zizaliswe yimingcelele, umculo, umboniso womdaniso, kunye nemidlalo yesintu efana neKok Boru (umdlalo wokukhwela amahashe). Iintsapho nabahlobo bayahlanganisana ukuze banandiphe ukutya okumnandi okunjenge<em>sumalak (isidudu esiswiti esenziwe ngengqolowa), i<em>pilaf, i<em>kebab, iipastries, iziqhamo namandongomane. Omnye umthendeleko obalulekileyo eTajikistan nguMhla we-Independence ngoSeptemba 9. Olu suku lukhumbula ukubhengezwa kweTajikistan inkululeko kwiSoviet Union ngowe-1991. Le mibhiyozo idla ngokuquka imingcelele yasemkhosini ebonisa amandla nomanyano lwesizwe. Eminye iminyhadala ephawulekayo ibandakanya i-Eid al-Fitr kunye ne-Eid al-Adha ephawula ukubaluleka kwenkolo kumaSilamsi eTajikistan. Ezi holide zamaSilamsi zilandela iikhalenda zenyanga ngoko ke imihla yazo iyahluka nyaka ngamnye kodwa ijongwa ngokuzinikela okukhulu luluntu lwamaSilamsi. Ukongeza kule mithendeleko emikhulu, kukho iminyhadala yengingqi ebhiyozela izithethe ezithile okanye amasiko asekuhlaleni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseTajikistan. Le minyhadala ibonisa izenzo zenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo eziquka umculo wesintu onjengeBadakhshani Ensemble okanye umnyhadala weKhorog. Lilonke, le mibhiyozo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ilifa leTajik ngemibhiyozo edlamkileyo edibanisa abantu ngelixa behlonipha imbali yabo, inkolo, kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
ITajikistan lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi Asia. Yabelana ngemida kunye neAfghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, kunye neUzbekistan. Uqoqosho lweli lizwe luxhomekeke kakhulu kwezolimo, izimbiwa, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemveliso kumazwe angaphandle. I-Tajikistan inenkqubo yokurhweba evulekileyo egxile kumashishini ajolise kumazwe angaphandle afana nemveliso yomqhaphu, ukucokisa i-aluminiyam, kunye nokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi. Amaqabane ayo aphambili ezorhwebo abandakanya iTshayina, iRussia, iAfghanistan, iKazakhstan, kunye neUzbekistan. Ezona zinto zithunyelwa ngaphandle eTajikistan ziimveliso ze-aluminiyam ezibandakanya ialloys kunye nee-ingots. Ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu be-aluminiyam kulo mmandla ngenxa yemithombo yezimbiwa etyebileyo njenge-bauxite. Ezinye izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezibalulekileyo ziquka ifayibha yomqhaphu namalaphu aveliswa kumqhaphu olinywa ekhaya. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iTajikistan ikwajonge amathuba kwicandelo lamandla ukukhulisa amandla ayo orhwebo. Ngobutyebi bamanzi amaninzi avela kwimilambo efana ne-Amu Darya kunye neenkqubo zoMlambo iVakhsh, iTajikistan ijolise ekubeni ngumthumeli wombane kumazwe angabamelwane ngokusebenzisa amaziko ombane ombane. Nangona kunjalo, iTajikistan ijongene nemingeni ekuphuculeni ibhalansi yorhwebo njengoko ixhomekeke kakhulu ekungenisweni kwempahla yabathengi efana nezixhobo zoomatshini kwiinjongo zoshishino okanye izithuthi zophuhliso lweziseko zothutho. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kwezorhwebo ngakumbi: 1) Ukuphuhlisa iziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neendlela nothungelwano lukaloliwe oluya kuthi luququzelele urhwebo olunqumla imida. 2) Ukwahlula isiseko sayo sokuthumela ngaphandle ngokukhuthaza amacandelo ngaphandle kwemveliso yokuqala. 3) Ukuqinisa amandla emveliso yasekhaya ngokutyalwa kweenkqubo zophuhliso lwabasebenzi. 4) Ukunciphisa imiqobo ye-bureaucratic ajongene nayo ngamashishini xa esenza imisebenzi yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. 5) Ukuphonononga amathuba okudityaniswa koqoqosho lwengingqi ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimibutho efana ne-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Lilonke, iTajikistan iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ekuphuculeni ubudlelwane bayo borhwebo namazwe ahlukeneyo ngelixa isohlula isiseko sayo semarike yokuthumela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Tajikistan, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi we-Asiya, ibambe amandla abalulekileyo ophuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngaphandle koqoqosho oluncinci kunye nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, iTajikistan iqhayisa ngezinto ezininzi ezintle ezenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane kubatyali-zimali bangaphandle kunye nabarhwebi. Okokuqala, indawo ecwangcisiweyo yeTajikistan iyenza ibe yindawo ephambili yokuhamba phakathi kweYurophu neAsia. Imi ecaleni kwendlela yeSilk yamandulo, eli lizwe lidibanisa iimarike ezinkulu ezifana neTshayina, iRashiya, i-Iran, iAfghanistan, neTurkey. Olu ncedo lwejografi lubonelela ngamathuba awoneleyo orhwebo oluwela imida kwaye luququzelela ukuthuthwa kwempahla kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Okwesibini, iTajikistan inobuncwane obuninzi bendalo obunokusetyenziswa kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Isizwe sityebe ngezimbiwa ezifana negolide, isilivere, iuranium, amalahle, namatye anqabileyo afana nerubhi nespinel. Ukongeza, iMalaysia inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa ishishini lokhenketho ngenxa yokwahluka kwenkcubeko eyahlukileyo kunye nendawo enomtsalane kubakhenkethi ekumgangatho wehlabathi njengePetronas Towers, kunye neelwandle ezintle. . Ngaphaya koko, amandla ombane aseTajikstan anamandla ombane lelinye lawona mazwe atyebileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, abonelela ngendlela enkulu ekuqondeni ukuthunyelwa kwamandla kumazwe angaphandle. Phantsi kotyalo-mali olufanelekileyo lweziseko ezingundoqo, isizwe sinokunyusa imveliso yombane ngokwakha amadama amaninzi okanye ukutyala imali kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo. ibonisa indlela ethembisayo yokuphuhlisa kungekuphela nje amashishini asekhaya kodwa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kombane ogqithileyo kumazwe angabamelwane apho imfuno yamandla ingaphezulu kobonelelo. Nangona kunjalo, iTajiksitan isajongene nemingeni ethile xa isiza kuphuhliso lwemalike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Inkqubo yayo yeziko ifuna ukuphucuka ngakumbi ngemigaqo-nkqubo elungele abatyali-zimali, ukucuthwa kwemithetho elawula i-bureaucratic tape, kunye nokwandiswa kokungafihlisi. Ukongeza, ilizwe alinazo izibonelelo zala maxesha eziquka uthungelwano lwezothutho, izixhobo zezibuko. ,kunye neenkonzo zolungiselelo olubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi esebenzayo yokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle. Utyalo-mali kufuneka lwenziwe imfuduko yemfundo, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi oluqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwabasebenzi abafanelekileyo okwenza ukuba amashishini akhuphisane kumazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqukumbela, iTajikistan ibonisa amandla amangalisayo ophuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle inikwe indawo yayo enobuchule, izibonelelo zendalo ezityebileyo, kunye nobuninzi bamandla ombane ophehlwa ngamanzi. Ke ngoko, ngokujongana nemingeni ekhoyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kohlaziyo, iTajikistan inokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwayo kwimarike yehlabathi kwaye itsale utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ukukhawulezisa ukukhula koqoqosho.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso zentengiso yorhwebo lwangaphandle eTajikistan, kukho izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. I-Tajikistan imi kuMbindi we-Asiya kwaye inoqoqosho olwahlukeneyo ngezolimo, ishishini kunye namacandelo emigodi. Nazi ezinye iindidi zeemveliso ezidumileyo eziye zanempumelelo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTajikistan: 1. Ezolimo: I-Tajikistan inemihlaba etyebileyo eyenza icandelo layo lezolimo libaluleke kakhulu. Iimveliso ezifana neziqhamo (ingakumbi ii-apile), imifuno, amandongomane, umqhaphu, nobusi zinamandla amakhulu kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. 2. Iimpahla ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla: Kukho imfuneko ekhulayo yeemveliso zelaphu kwimarike yasekhaya yaseTajikistan nakumazwe angabamelwane. Amalaphu akumgangatho ophezulu, iimpahla zempahla ezifana neelokhwe zesintu okanye impahla yangoku yamadoda/abafazi/abantwana inokuba lukhetho oludumileyo lokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle. 3. Oomatshini nezixhobo: Njengoko ilizwe liphuhlisa iziseko zalo zeziseko zophuhliso, kukho imfuneko eyandayo yoomatshini bokwakha, oomatshini bokulima (iitrektara/izixhobo zasefama), izixhobo zemizi-mveliso (ezifana neejenereyitha) nezithuthi. 4. Imithombo yezimbiwa: I-Tajikistan yaziwa ngobutyebi bayo obuzimbiwa obuninzi obuquka amatye anqabileyo afana neerubhi kunye ne-amethysts. Ezinye iiminerali ezifana negolide, isilivere, i-lead zinc ores nazo ziyakwazi ukuthengiswa ngaphandle. 5. Iimveliso zokutya: Izinto zokutya ezicutshungulweyo njengemveliso yobisi (itshizi / iyogathi/ibhotolo), iimveliso zenyama (inyama yenkomo/yegusha/yenkukhu) ukutya okupakishiweyo (iziqhamo ezinkonkxiweyo/imifuno/imifuno) zinokufumana imarike ekusetyenzisweni kwekhaya kunye nakwimimandla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. 6. Amachiza: Ishishini lezempilo libona ukukhula eTajikistan ngenxa yokwandisa ulwazi malunga nemiba enxulumene nempilo; ngaloo ndlela amayeza kunye nezixhobo zonyango zinokuthathwa njengempahla efunwayo. Phambi kokukhetha iindidi zeemveliso ezithile okanye ukwenza uphando lwemarike ngokuthe ngqo, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya izinto ezikhethwayo ekuhlaleni ngokuthethana nabanokuba ngabathengi okanye ii-arhente zasekuhlaleni eziqonda ngcono iintshukumo zemarike yasekhaya kunaye nabani na ongomnye.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
I-Tajikistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseTajikistan, lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi Asia. Ngelifa lenkcubeko elityebileyo eliphenjelelwa ngokunzulu zizithethe zasePersi, zaseTurkey, naseRashiya, iTajikistan likhaya labemi ababonisa iimpawu ezithile zabathengi kwaye bajonge i-taboos ethile. Xa kufikwa kwiimpawu zabathengi eTajikistan, uphawu olona lubalaseleyo luluvo lwabo olunamandla lokubuka iindwendwe. Abantu baseTajik baziwa ngendalo yabo efudumeleyo kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe okanye abathengi. Ngokufuthi benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze iindwendwe zizive zikhululekile yaye zihlonelwa. Esi senzo sinabela kubudlelwane beshishini apho ukuseka unxibelelwano lobuqu kuxatyiswa kakhulu. Olunye uphawu olubalulekileyo lwabathengi eTajikistan lugxininiso olubekwe kwimikhwa yemveli kunye nezithethe zentlalo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthozama nentlonipho kubadala zizinto ezixatyiswa kakhulu. Kwiintlanganiso zeshishini okanye uthethathethwano, ukuthatha ixesha lokutshintshiselana ngezinto ezimnandi ngaphambi kokuba uye ezantsi kwishishini kunokunceda ukwakha ubudlelwane nabathengi abanokubakho. Xa uqwalasela i-taboos okanye uvakalelo lwenkcubeko eTajikistan ekufuneka ijongwe ngabathengi okanye iindwendwe, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha imo yogcino lwentlalo yoluntu. Ukunxiba ngokundilisekileyo kunye nolusu oluncinane lubonisa ubuntununtunu benkcubeko. Okwesibini, ukuselwa kotywala kudla ngokudimazeka ngenxa yeenkolelo zonqulo ezixhaphakileyo phakathi kwenxalenye enkulu yabemi abalandela amaSilamsi. Ke ngoko, ngelixa kungathintelwanga ngokucacileyo ukuba abantu abangengawo amaSilamsi basele utywala kwiindawo zabucala ezifana neehotele okanye iindawo zokutyela ezilungiselela abantu basemzini; ubani ufanele asebenzise ingqiqo xa esela utywala ngokukodwa ngaphandle okanye kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Ukuhlonipha amasiko asekuhlaleni malunga nentsebenziswano yesini kubalulekile xa uqhuba ishishini eTajikistan. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba amadoda angaqhelananga ngokusondeleyo ngokwaneleyo (oogxa bakhe/abahlobo) angaxhawulani ngokuthe ngqo nabasetyhini ngaphandle kokuba isandla sakhe soluliwe kuqala. Ukuqukumbela, abathengi baseTajikistani bakuxabisile ububele kunye namasiko emveli anje ngokuthozama, intlonipho, kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane bomntu. Ukuseka ubudlelwane obuyimpumelelo, abathengi baseTajikistan kufuneka baqaphele indlela abaziphatha ngayo kunye nesinxibo sabo, baqaphele indlela abasela ngayo utywala kwaye babambelele kwizithethe zesini.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
I-Tajikistan lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMbindi we-Asiya linezithethe kunye nenkqubo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Xa ungena eTajikistan, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imimiselo yabo yamasiko kunye nezikhokelo. Inkonzo yeCustoms yaseTajikistan inoxanduva lokulawula imida yelizwe kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Baqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yerhafu, baqokelele iirhafu ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye bathintele ukuthutyeleziswa. Ekufikeni kwabo kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya okanye kuyo nayiphi na enye indawo yokungena, abahambi bafanele baveze incwadana yokundwendwela esemthethweni kunye namaxwebhu okuhamba ayimfuneko afana nee-visa okanye amaphepha-mvume. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izinto ezingavumelekanga xa ungena eTajikistan. Izinto ezithile ezifana nezixhobo, iziyobisi, iziqhushumbisi, imifanekiso engamanyala, nemali yomgunyathi azivumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Ukongeza, izinto zakudala zenkcubeko ezifana nezinto zakudala okanye izinto zakudala zifuna amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ngeenjongo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Abahambi kufuneka bachaze zonke izinto zexabiso abaziphetheyo xa bengena eTajikistan ukunqanda iingxaki ngexesha lokuhamba. Kuyacetyiswa ukugcina iirisithi zezinto ezibiza imali eninzi ezithengwe kumazwe angaphandle ukubonisa ubunini bazo ekuphumeni kweli lizwe. Xa beshiya iTajikistan, abakhenkethi banokhetho lokufumana imbuyiselo engahlawulelwayo xa behlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Ukubuyiselwa imali ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenza kwiimpahla ezithengwe kwiivenkile ezigunyazisiweyo ezithatha inxaxheba kolu cwangciso; nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukugcina iirisithi zithintelwe ngaphakathi kwamaxesha amisiweyo ngelixa uthenga ezi zinto. Abahambi kufuneka kwakhona bakhumbule ukuba ukuwela imida phakathi kweTajikistan kunye namazwe angabamelwane kunokubandakanya imimiselo ethile. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uziqhelanise neemfuno ze-visa kunye nexesha elivumelekileyo lokuhlala kwisizwe ngasinye ngaphambi kokucwangcisa uhambo olunqumla imida. Njengoko imimiselo inokutshintsha ngamaxesha athile okanye yohluke ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomntu ngamanye amaxesha; Kuya kuba bubulumko ukuba iindwendwe zifune iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nenkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe zaseTajikistan okanye iimfuno ezithile zokungena/zokuphuma qhagamshelana nemithombo esemthethweni karhulumente okanye uqhagamshelane noonozakuzaku basekuhlaleni ngaphambi kokuba bahambe.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Tajikistan, ekuMbindi we-Asiya, inomgaqo-nkqubo othile wokurhafiswa kwempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle. Ilizwe lilandela izikhokelo zoMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO) malunga nemirhumo nerhafu. I-Tajikistan igcina umrhumo odibeneyo wamasiko owaziwa ngokuba yi-Common Customs Tariff (CCT). Le nkqubo yoluhlu lwamaxabiso ihlela iimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo ngokwendalo yazo, njengemathiriyeli ekrwada, iimveliso eziphakathi, kunye neempahla ezigqityiweyo. Uluhlu ngalunye luxhomekeke kwiirhafu ezithile zerhafu. Imirhumo yokungenisa elizweni eTajikistan idla ngokubalwa njengerhafu ye-ad valorem, into ethetha ukuba isekelwe kwipesenti yexabiso lemveliso ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Kwiimpahla ezithile, kusenokubakho irhafu eyongezelelweyo okanye irhafu eyongeziweyo ebekwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Tajikistan ibonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo lokuthengwa kwempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle enezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini okanye zommandla. Ezi zivumelwano zihlala zikhokelela ekuthotyweni kwamaxabiso okanye ekukhululweni kwiimveliso ezithile. Ukongeza, izinto ezithile eziyimfuneko ezifana nezixhobo zonyango kunye namayeza anokufumana ukhululo okanye abe namaxabiso aphantsi erhafu ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kunye nokufikeleleka elizweni. Ngaphaya koko, iTajikistan ikhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwaye ifuna ukutsala iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ngokubonelela ngenkuthazo efana neholide yerhafu okanye ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu yokungenisa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuvelisa. La manyathelo ajolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokwahlukana phakathi kweli lizwe. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokungenisa elizweni waseTajikistan ujonge ukulingana phakathi kokuvelisa ingeniso ngerhafu ngelixa ikwaxhasa imizi-mveliso yasekhaya kunye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwane borhwebo bamazwe ngamazwe.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle weTajikistan ujolise ekukhuthazeni ukwahlukana kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuxhasa imizi-mveliso yasekhaya. Urhulumente waseTajikistan ubeka amaxabiso erhafu awohlukeneyo kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, nangona inkqubo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle ilula. Ngokubanzi, iTajikistan ibeka ixabiso elincinci okanye elinguziro lokuthumela ngaphandle kwizinto ezikrwada kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwazo kumazwe angaphandle. Lo mlinganiso ujolise ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ekuqhubeni ezi mathiriyeli zibe yimveliso ephezulu yexabiso elongeziweyo ngaphakathi elizweni. Noko ke, kwizinto ezithengiswayo ezifana nomqhaphu, ialuminiyam, negolide—amacandelo aphambili kuqoqosho lwaseTajikistan—urhulumente uhlawulisa irhafu yangaphandle njengendlela yokwenza ingeniso nokukhusela iimarike zasekhaya. Ezi rhafu zokuthumela ngaphandle zihlala zisekelwe kumthamo okanye kubunzima beempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemarike yamazwe ngamazwe okanye izivumelwano ezithile kunye namaqabane orhwebo. Umzekelo, njengoko umqhaphu ungomnye wemveliso ebalulekileyo yezolimo yaseTajikistan, ijongene nenkqubo yangaphakathi yesabelo elawula amanqanaba emveliso yokusetyenziswa ekhaya kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kukho iireyithi zerhafu ezahlukileyo ezibekwe ngokusekelwe ekubeni ifayibha yomqhaphu ithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle okanye isetyenziswe ekhaya kwimveliso yelaphu. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yoshishino olubalulekileyo lwe-aluminium, iTajikistan isebenzisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo erhafu ekuthumeleni ngaphandle kwe-aluminiyam. Ezi ntlawulo zisenokutshintshwa kwimiba efana namaxabiso emarike yehlabathi okanye izivumelwano zamazwe amabini kunye namaqabane amakhulu orhwebo. Ngaphezu koko, iTajikistan iphumeze imilinganiselo ejolise ekuvuseleleni ubudlelwane borhwebo namazwe angabamelwane ngolawulo lorhwebo olukhethekileyo kunye namanyathelo okumanyaniswa kommandla afana ne-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). La manyathelo abonelela amalungu ngamaxabiso athotyiweyo okanye akhululwe kwizinto ezithile ezirhwebayo phakathi kolu manyano lwezoqoqosho. Lilonke, indlela yeTajikistan ekurhafisweni kwamanye amazwe ijikeleza ekubetheni ulungelelwano phakathi kokuxhasa amacandelo angundoqo ngokunyusa amandla awo okuvelisa ingeniso ngelixa ikhuthaza ulwahlulo loqoqosho ngeerhafu ezincinci kwimathiriyeli ekrwada enamathuba okongezwa kwexabiso ngaphakathi.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-Tajikistan, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi we-Asiya, lineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa kokuthunyelwa kwayo ngaphandle. Ezi ziqinisekiso zibalulekile kwiTajikistan yokwandisa iimarike zayo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye yakhe igama elihle njengeqabane elithembekileyo lokurhweba. Esinye sezatifikethi ezibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle eTajikistan siSatifikethi seMvelaphi. Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka eTajikistan ziyaveliswa, zenziwe zize zilungiswe phakathi kwemida yelizwe. Ibonelela ngobungqina bemvelaphi yeemveliso kwaye ibenze bafanelekele izivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo okanye ukucutha irhafu nezinye izizwe. Ukongeza, iimveliso ezithile zifuna izatifikethi ezikhethekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuba zithengiswe kumazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, iimveliso zezolimo ezifana nomqhaphu okanye iziqhamo ezomisiweyo zinokufuna izatifikethi ze-phytosanitary. La maxwebhu aqinisekisa ukuba ezi mpahla zithobela imigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe enxulumene nempilo yezityalo kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ngaphaya koko, amashishini afana nokulungiswa kokutya okanye ukwenziwa kwamalaphu anokufuna uhlolo lokuthobela njengesiqinisekiso se-ISO. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ezi mveliso zihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yenkqubo yolawulo evunyiweyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngaphezu koko, amanye amazwe anemigangatho yawo efuna ukufezekiswa ngaphambi kokuvumela ukuthengwa kwempahla evela eTajikistan. Ukuthotyelwa kwezi mfuno kubalulekile ekufikeleleni kwezi marike ngempumelelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukumakishwa kwe-CE kweManyano yaseYurophu (ebonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemveliso ngokwemithetho ye-EU) okanye imvume ye-FDA (efunwa yi-United States Food and Drug Administration). Lilonke, iTajikistan iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuthunyelwa kwezatifikethi ngaphandle nje kokuqinisekisa umgangatho kodwa nokwandisa ukufikelela kwayo kuthungelwano lwezorhwebo lwehlabathi. Ngokuthobela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokufumana izatifikethi ezifanelekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezikhethekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, abathumeli bangaphandle baseTajikistani banokusebenzisa ezi nkcukacha njengenzuzo yokhuphiswano ngelixa befikelela kwiimarike ezintsha kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
ITajikistan lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi weAsia, labelana ngemida kunye neAfghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, kunye neTshayina. Ngaphandle komngeni wejografi kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezinqongopheleyo, iTajikistan yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ekuphuhliseni icandelo lezothutho kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Xa kuziwa kwezothutho, uthungelwano lweendlela yeyona ndlela iphambili yothutho lwempahla ngaphakathi elizweni. Oohola beendlela abakhulu abadibanisa iDushanbe (isixeko esilikomkhulu) kunye neminye imimandla baququzelela ukuhamba kwempahla. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iimeko zendlela zinokwahluka kwaye ezinye iindlela zisenokungahambeki ngexesha lemozulu ethile. Enye indlela yokuthutha imithwalo ngoololiwe. I-Tajikistan inothungelwano lukaloliwe oludibanisa ilizwe namazwe angabamelwane afana ne-Uzbekistan ne-China. Le ndlela yothutho ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwimpahla eninzi okanye izixhobo ezinzima. Ukuba ujonge iinkonzo zothutho lomoya eTajikistan, isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseDushanbe sisebenza njengeyona ndawo iphambili. Ibonelela ngeenqwelo moya zasekhaya kunye nezamazwe aphesheya, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo ukuba ufuna ukhetho olusebenzayo kunye nolunovelwano ngexesha. Ukhetho lothutho elwandle, lunikwe indalo evalelweyo yaseTajikistan ngaphandle kokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kuyo nayiphi na indawo enkulu yamanzi, iimpahla ziqhele ukuthuthwa ukuya kumazibuko akufutshane anje ngeBandar Abbas eIran okanye eAlat eAzerbaijan ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe phesheya kolwandle. Ngokwemigaqo yesithethe kunye nemimiselo yokungeniswa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwi/ukusuka eTajikistan, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenzwe ngokusondeleyo nababoneleli benkqubo abanamava abanokuthi bahambe ngeenkqubo ze-bureaucratic kakuhle. Ezi ngcali zinokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zomthetho ngelixa zinciphisa ukulibaziseka kwiindawo zokuwela umda okanye ngexesha lokuhlolwa. Ngaphaya koko, kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezaziwayo zolungiselelo olusebenza ngaphakathi eTajikistan ezibonelela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo ezibandakanya ubuchwephesha bokuhambisa imithwalo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo afana neemveliso zolimo (umzekelo, umqhaphu), izinto zokwakha (umzekelo, isamente), amayeza (umzekelo, amayeza), kunye impahla. Lilonke, ngelixa imisebenzi yezothutho isenokungaphuhliswanga xa ithelekiswa nezinye izizwe ngenxa yemida yejografi, uthungelwano lweendlela zaseTajikistan, uqhagamshelo lukaloliwe, ukhetho lothutho lomoya, kunye nobukho bababoneleli bezothutho abanamava benza kube lula ukuthutha iimpahla ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi nangaphaya kwemida yayo. .
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

I-Tajikistan, ekuMbindi we-Asiya, ineendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso ehlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo. La maqonga enza ukuba ilizwe liqhagamshelane nabathengi behlabathi kwaye libonise iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zalo. Nanga amanye amajelo abalulekileyo okuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso eTajikistan: 1. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseDushanbe: Njengesango elikhulu lomoya eliya eTajikistan, iSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseDushanbe sisebenza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yeendwendwe zamazwe angaphandle, kuquka nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna amathuba oshishino kweli lizwe. 2. IMiboniso yoRhwebo kunye neMiboniso: I-Tajikistan ithatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo yorhwebo kunye nemiboniso ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Iziganeko eziphawulekayo ziquka: - I-China-Eurasia Expo: Ibanjwa minyaka le e-Urumqi, e-China, lo mboniso ugxile ekukhuthazeni intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho phakathi kwe-China kunye namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi, ukutsala abathengi abaninzi behlabathi. - I-Dushanbe International Exhibition: Iququzelelwe yi-Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Tajikistan (CCI), lo mboniso ubonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zoshishino ezivela kubavelisi basekhaya. - I-Mining World Tajikistan: Lo msitho waminyaka le uhlanganisa iingcali zezemigodi zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neengcali ezinomdla ekuphononongeni amathuba oshishino ngaphakathi kwecandelo lezemigodi laseTajikistan. 3. IiForam zoShishino: Iiforam zoShishino zibonelela ngeqonga lokunxibelelana nabantu abanokuba ngamaqabane okanye abathengi abasuka kwihlabathi liphela ngeli lixa bekwanikezela ngezimvo kwiintsingiselo zeemarike. Ezinye iiforum eziphambili ziquka: - IForam yoTyalo-mali "Dushanbe-1": Umsitho oququzelelwe yiCCI ejolise ekutsaleni abatyali-mali bangaphandle abanomdla kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso kuwo wonke amacandelo afana namandla, ezothutho, ukhenketho njl njl. - ICotton Fair "Yenziwe eTadzhikiston": Umboniso onikezelwe kwimveliso yomqhaphu udibanisa iingcali zoshishino ezivela kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo ezifuna intsebenziswano kunye nabavelisi basekhaya bekotoni. 4. Amaqonga e-B2B akwi-Intanethi: Ngokukhula kokwenziwa kwedijithali kwihlabathi jikelele, amaqonga e-intanethi e-B2B abaluleke kakhulu kumashishini afuna amajelo okuthenga amazwe ngamazwe. Iinkampani ezisekwe ngaphandle kweTajikistan zinokusebenzisa la maqonga ukufikelela kubathengi abavela kwihlabathi liphela, njengeAlibaba, iGlobal Sources, kunye neTradeKey. 5. I-International Chambers of Commerce: I-Tajikistan inamagumbi orhwebo amaninzi ehlabathi aququzelela uthungelwano namashishini angaphandle kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo lwemarike. Imizekelo ibandakanya: - Umbutho woShishino lwaseYurophu eTajikistan (EUROBA): Inceda ukuseka unxibelelwano neefemu zaseYurophu ezisebenza eTajikistan. - I-American Chamber of Commerce eTajikistan (AmCham): Ixhasa imisebenzi yorhwebo phakathi kweenkampani zaseMelika kunye neemarike zendawo. Ukuqukumbela, iTajikistan ibonelela ngoluhlu lweendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe njengeemiboniso zorhwebo ezibalaseleyo kunye nemiboniso, iiforam zeshishini, amaqonga e-intanethi e-B2B, kunye namagumbi orhwebo aphesheya. Ezi qonga zisebenzela ukudibanisa abathengi behlabathi kunye namashishini aseTajikistan kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho phakathi kwelizwe kunye nehlabathi elibanzi.
ETajikistan, ezona njini zokukhangela zixhaphakileyo zezi: 1. Yandex - Yandex yinjini yokukhangela ethandwayo eTajikistan. Inika iziphumo zophendlo lwewebhu ezibanzi kwaye ibonelela nangezinye iinkonzo ezifana neemephu, iindaba, kunye ne-imeyile. Iwebhusayithi yeYandex ithi www.yandex.com. 2. UGoogle - uGoogle usetyenziswa kakhulu njengenjini yokukhangela kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanya neTajikistan. Inika iziphumo zophendlo ezichanekileyo nezifanelekileyo kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemifanekiso, iindaba, iividiyo, njalo njalo. Iwebhusayithi kaGoogle ithi www.google.com. 3. Yahoo! -Yahoo! isebenza njengenjini yokukhangela kwaye inikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo njenge-imeyile, iindaba eziqokelelweyo, uhlaziyo lwemozulu kumazwe amaninzi kubandakanya iTajikistan. Iwebhusayithi yeYahoo! yi www.yahoo.com. 4. I-Bing-I-Bing yenye injini yokukhangela ethandwayo esetyenziswa e-Tajikistan enikezela ngeziphumo ezibanzi zewebhu kwaye ineempawu ezinjengokukhangela imifanekiso kunye nokhetho loguqulelo. Iwebhusayithi ye-Bing ithi www.bing.com. 5. I-Sputnik - i-Sputnik Search Engine ibonelela ngokukodwa abantu abathetha ulwimi lwesiRashiya kwimimandla yase-Asia EseMbindini njenge-Tajikistan ngokubonelela ngomxholo wendawo osuka kwimithombo yolwimi lwesiRashiya kwi-intanethi iphela. Iwebhusayithi yeSputnik Search Engine is sputnik.tj/search/. 6. I-Avesta.tj - I-Avesta.tj ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengenjini yokukhangela kodwa ikwayindawo ye-intanethi enikezela ngeendaba zengingqi namanqaku ngeelwimi zesiRashiya nesiTajiki ezijolise ngakumbi kubaphulaphuli abaseTajikistan nakuMbindi weAsia ngokubanzi. Iwebhusayithi yomsebenzi wokukhangela we-Avesta.tj inokufunyanwa apha avesta.tj/en/portal/search/. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngelixa ezi zindlela zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo eTajikistan; Ukuduma kunokwahluka phakathi kwabantu ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto abazikhethayo okanye kwiimfuno ezithile xa kuziwa ekuphendleni i-intanethi kwilizwe laseTajikistan.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

I-Tajikistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseTajikistan, lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi Asia. Nanga amanye amaPhepha aMthubi aphambili eTajikistan kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. IDunyo Yellow Pages: IDunyo Yellow Pages yenye yezalathiso zoshishino eziphambili zaseTajikistan. Ibonelela ngolwazi malunga nemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo kunye namashishini asebenza kweli lizwe. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi https://dunyo.tj/en/. 2. I-Tilda Yellow Pages: I-Tilda Yellow Pages inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kuwo wonke amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-Tajikistan, kuquka iihotele, iindawo zokutyela, iinkonzo zezothutho, kunye nokunye. Ungandwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-http://www.tildayellowpages.com/. 3. Vula i-Asia: I-Asia evulekileyo luluhlu lwe-intanethi oludibanisa amashishini kunye nabathengi baseTajikistan. Ibandakanya iindidi ezifana neenkonzo zonyango, amaziko emfundo, iinkampani zokwakha, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi https://taj.openasia.org/en/. 4. I-Adresok: I-Adresok isebenza njengeqonga le-intanethi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamashishini asebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yaseTajikistan. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukukhangela iindawo ngokusekwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile njengendawo okanye uhlobo loshishino. Iwebhusayithi inokufumaneka ku-http://adresok.com/tj. 5.TAJINFO Uluhlu lweShishini: TAJINFO Uluhlu loShishino lubonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkampani ezisebenza kumacandelo awohlukeneyo oqoqosho lwaseTajikistan njengezolimo, ukuvelisa, iinkonzo zokuthengisa, njl.njl.Ungafikelela kwiwebhusayithi yabo ku-http://www.tajinfo.com/business -directory. Ezi nkcukacha zamaphepha atyheli kufuneka zikunike ulwazi oluninzi malunga namashishini kunye nemibutho esekwe eTajikistan.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

I-Tajikistan, ilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya, libone uphuhliso lwamaqonga e-e-commerce ahlukeneyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce aphambili eTajikistan kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. IMarike ye-EF (www.ef-market.tj): IMarike ye-EF yenye yeemarike eziphambili ze-intanethi eTajikistan. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezibandakanya izinto zombane, ifashoni, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye negrosari. 2. I-ZetStore (www.zetstore.tj): I-ZetStore lelinye iqonga lokuthenga elidumileyo kwi-intanethi eTajikistan. Ibonelela ngeemveliso ezikhethiweyo ezahlukeneyo njengempahla, izincedisi, iimveliso zobuhle, kunye nezinto zasekhaya. 3. I-Chaos D (www.chaosd.tj): I-Chaos D liqonga le-intanethi eligxile ekuthengiseni i-electronics kunye negajethi. Ibonelela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane ezinjengee-smartphones, iilaptops, izixhobo zokudlala, nokunye. 4. I-Moda24 (www.moda24.tj): I-Moda24 yindawo yentengiso yefashoni ekwi-intanethi ebonelela abantu abakhangela iinketho zempahla esefashonini eTajikistan. Abasebenzisi banokukhangela kuluhlu lweendidi ezibandakanya iimpahla zamadoda nabasetyhini kunye nezixhobo. 5. Ашанобода (www.asanoboda.com): I-Ашанобода yi-platform ye-e-commerce egxile kwimveliso yezolimo kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko zokulima njengembewu yezityalo okanye izixhobo zokulima. 6. I-PchelkaPro.kg/ru/tg/shop/4: I-Pchelka Pro yivenkile ye-intanethi ethengisa ngokukodwa ifenitshala kunye nempahla yasekhaya ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo kubathengi abahlala ngaphakathi kweTajikistan. Nceda uqaphele ukuba le yimizekelo nje yamaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce asebenza eTajikistan; kusenokubakho amanye amaqonga engingqi okanye angqale ngqo akhoyo afumanekayo ukulungiselela iimfuno ezithile okanye imimandla yejografi ngaphakathi elizweni.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

I-Tajikistan, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi we-Asiya, linendawo yalo ekhethekileyo yemidiya yoluntu. Nanga amanye amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo adumileyo eTajikistan kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. IFacenama (www.facenama.com): IFacenama yindawo yokuncokola ethandwayo eTajikistan evumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iiprofayili, baqhagamshelane nabahlobo namalungu osapho, baze babelane ngezinto ezihlaziyiweyo, iifoto, neevidiyo. 2. I-VKontakte (vk.com): I-VKontakte ilingana neRashiya ye-Facebook kwaye inesiseko esibalulekileyo somsebenzisi eTajikistan. Inika uluhlu lweempawu ezifana nokunxibelelana nabahlobo, ukujoyina uluntu okanye amaqela, amandla okuthumela imiyalezo, kunye nokwabelana ngomxholo wemultimedia. 3. ITelegram (i-telegram.org): ITelegram lusetyenziso lomyalezo olukhawulezileyo olusetyenziswa kakhulu eTajikistan kunxibelelwano lobuqu kunye nokujoyina amaqela oluntu okanye amajelo. Abasebenzisi banokuthumela imiyalezo, iifoto, iividiyo, amaxwebhu ngokukhuselekileyo ngelixa benokukhetha ukwenza iincoko zabucala okanye iincoko zeqela. 4. I-Odnoklassniki (ok.ru): I-Odnoklassniki yinethiwekhi yoluntu yaseRashiya edla ngokubizwa ngokuthi "Kulungile" kwaye ihlala idumile phakathi kweTajiks ngokunjalo. Iqonga lijolise ikakhulu ekudibaniseni abafundi ofunda nabo abavela kumaziko ahlukeneyo emfundo kodwa ikwabonelela ngeempawu ezisemgangathweni ezifana nokwenziwa kweprofayile kunye nokhetho lokuthumela imiyalezo. 5. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram iyakonwabela ukuthandwa phakathi kwabantu abancinci baseTajikistan abakhetha ukwabelana ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo ezimfutshane ngokuyilayo besebenzisa izihluzi okanye ii-caption kweli qonga lijonge ngokubonakalayo. 6. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): Nangona ingasetyenziswanga kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaqonga akhankanywe ngaphambili ngenxa yezithintelo ezithile ezibekwe ngurhulumente ngamanye amaxesha; nangona kunjalo isabalulekile phakathi kwabahlali basezidolophini abanqwenela unxibelelwano kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokufikelela kwiindaba zehlabathi kunye nohlaziyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuthandwa kwala maqonga kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kummandla welizwe okanye ukhetho lwabantu abahlala apho.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

I-Tajikistan lilizwe elikuMbindi weAsia kwaye yaziwa ngoqoqosho lwalo olwahlukeneyo. Amanye awona mashishini aphambili kunye nemibutho yobuchwephesha eTajikistan yile: 1. I-Tajikistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ТСПП) - Igumbi likhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, urhwebo, kunye notyalo-mali eTajikistan. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo zenkxaso yoshishino, iququzelela imiboniso yorhwebo, kwaye imele umdla wamashishini kwiiforam zamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: http://www.tpp.tj/eng/ 2. IManyano yoSomashishini kunye naMashishini aseTajikistan (СПпТ) - Lo mbutho umele umdla wabasomashishini kunye namashishini eTajikistan. Ibonelela ngamathuba othungelwano, ixhasa ukukhula kweshishini, ithethelela iimeko ezifanelekileyo zoshishino, kwaye iququzelele unxibelelwano nee-arhente zikarhulumente. Iwebhusayithi: ngoku ayifumaneki. 3. Umbutho wabakhi (ASR) - i-ASR idibanisa iinkampani zokwakha eTajikistan ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kunye nophuhliso lweshishini. Iququzelela iinkomfa, iisemina, imiboniso yokubonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwicandelo lokwakha ngelixa iphakamisa imigangatho yobungcali. Iwebhusayithi: ngoku ayifumaneki. 4.Umbutho weSizwe wamaShishini oShishino lokuTya (НА ПИУ РТ) - Lo mbutho umele amashishini okutya aquka abavelisi/abavelisi kunye nabathengisi/abathengisi baseTajikistan. Iwebhusayithi: ngoku ayifumaneki. 5.I-Union of Light Industry Enterprises (СО легкой промышленности Таджикистана)- Le manyano imele amashishini amashishini alula afana nabavelisi bempahla kunye nabavelisi bempahla / abavelisi bempahla njl. Iwebhusayithi: ngoku ayifumaneki. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa le mibutho imele amacandelo abalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwelizwe; nangona kunjalo ngenxa yobukho obulinganiselweyo be-intanethi okanye ulwazi lokufikeleleka kolwimi lwesiNgesi malunga nonxulumano oluthile kunokuba nzima ukulufumana kwi-intanethi.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

I-Tajikistan lilizwe elikuMbindi we-Asiya, elaziwa ngokuba lilifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo kunye nobutyebi bendalo obukhulu. Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi zoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezinxulumene neTajikistan: 1. UMphathiswa woPhuhliso loQoqosho noRhwebo (http://www.medt.tj/en/) - Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngolwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho, izicwangciso, kunye neeprojekthi zophuhliso eTajikistan. Ikwabonelela ngokufikelela kwidatha yorhwebelwano, amathuba otyalo-mali, kunye nemimiselo yokuthumela ngaphandle. 2. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Tajikistan (https://cci.tj/en/) - Iwebhusayithi ye-chamber inikezela ngeenkonzo zenkxaso yezoshishino ezibandakanya uphando lwemarike, imiboniso yorhwebo / imiboniso, imisebenzi yokudibanisa ishishini, kunye nokufikelela kuluhlu lwezoshishino. Ijolise ekukhuthazeni amashishini asekhaya kunye nokutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. 3. IKomiti kaRhulumente yoTyalo-mali kunye noLawulo lwePropati yoMbuso (http://gki.tj/en) - Le webhusayithi karhulumente igxile kumathuba otyalo-mali eTajikistan. Inika ulwazi kumacandelo anomtsalane kutyalo-mali kunye nemithetho/imimiselo enxulumene nabatyali-zimali bangaphandle. 4. I-Arhente yokuKhuthaza ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle phantsi koMphathiswa woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho kunye noRhwebo (https://epa-medt.tj/en/) - Iwebhusayithi ye-arhente ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla evela eTajikistan ngokubonelela ngoncedo kubavelisi basekhaya / abavelisi / abathumela ngaphandle ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. ezifana nokuhlalutya imarike, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, imisitho yokukhuthaza ukuthumela ngaphandle njl. 5. IBhanki yeSizwe yaseTajikistan (http://www.nbt.tj/?l=en&p=en) - Iwebhusayithi yebhanki ephakathi inikezela ngedatha yemali/yezoqoqosho malunga namazinga otshintshiselwano lwemali yaseTajikistani kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali ephunyezwe yibhanki. 6. Tyala imali kwiNgingqi yaseKhatlon (http://investinkhatlon.com) - Le webhusayithi izinikele ngokukodwa ekutsaleni utyalo-mali kummandla waseKhatlon waseTajikistan ngokubonelela ngolwazi olucacileyo malunga namacandelo avulekele utyalo-mali kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo zeziseko zophuhliso. 7.TajInvest Business Portal(http://tajinvest.com)-Eli qonga linceda abatyali-zimali bamazwe ngamazwe bafumane amathuba otyalo-mali eTajikistan. Ibonelela ngolwazi malunga neeprojekthi ezinokwenzeka, iimfuno zomthetho, kunye nenkuthazo yotyalo-mali. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zikhankanywe ngasentla zinokutshintsha, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise ubume bazo bamva nje kunye nomxholo phambi kokuba uzisebenzise kulo naliphi na ishishini okanye iinjongo zorhwebo ezibandakanya iTajikistan.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yorhwebo yeTajikistan: 1. Tajikistan Trade Information Portal: Le yiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMphathiswa woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho kunye noRhwebo lwaseTajikistan. Ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezibanzi zorhwebo, kubandakanywa izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kunye nokulingana korhwebo. Iwebhusayithi inokufikelelwa apha: http://stat.komidei.tj/?cid=2 2. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS): I-WITS liqonga elibonelelwa yiBhanki yeHlabathi ebonelela ngeenkcukacha zorhwebo ezineenkcukacha kumazwe ehlabathi jikelele. Unokufikelela kwidatha yorhwebo yaseTajikistan ngokusebenzisa idatabase yabo. Ikhonkco lewebhusayithi yile: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/TJK 3. IMaphu yoRhwebo yeZiko loRhwebo laMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC): Imephu yoRhwebo ye-ITC ibonelela ngokufikelela kumanani-nkcazo orhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nohlahlelo lwemarike, kuquka ulwazi ngabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle, abarhwebi bangaphandle, iimveliso zorhwebo, nokunye. Ungafumana idatha yorhwebo yeTajikistan kwiwebhusayithi yabo apha: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1|||||010|||6|1|1|2|1|1#010 4. I-United Nations Comtrade Database: Iziko ledatha le-UN Comtrade Database ligcina iinkcukacha-manani ezineenkcukacha zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezisuka kumazwe angaphezu kwama-200 okanye imimandla yehlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa neTajikistan. Unokukhangela iimveliso ezithile okanye ujonge iipatheni zokurhweba ngokubanzi usebenzisa eli khonkco: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngemithombo ethembekileyo yokufikelela kwidatha yorhwebo enxulumene nokungeniswa ngaphandle, ukuthumela ngaphandle, amaxabiso, kunye nolunye ulwazi olunxulumene noqoqosho lwaseTajikistan.

amaqonga B2b

I-Tajikistan lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMbindi weAsia noqoqosho oluphuhlayo. Nangona indawo yeqonga leB2B isenokungabi banzi njengamanye amazwe, kusekho amaqonga ambalwa akhoyo ukuze amashishini aseTajikistan aqhagamshelane kwaye asebenzisane. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B asebenza eTajikistan: 1. IPortal yoRhwebo yaseTajikistan (ttp.tj) - Le portal isemthethweni ibonelela ngolwazi malunga nemisebenzi enxulumene norhwebo, amathuba okuthumela ngaphandle, kunye namathuba otyalo-mali eTajikistan. 2. SMARTtillCashMonitoring.com - Eli qonga linceda amashishini alawule ukuhamba kwemali ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa izisombululo zolawulo lwemali ehlakaniphile. Ibonelela ngezixhobo zokusebenza, iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-inventri, kunye neempawu zokuxela kwangaphambili. 3. I-Global Sources (globalsources.com) - Nangona ingacaciswanga kwi-Tajikistan, i-Global Sources yindawo eyaziwayo yamazwe ngamazwe ye-B2B edibanisa abathengi kunye nabanikezeli abavela kwihlabathi lonke. Amashishini aseTajikistan anokuphonononga eli qonga ukuze aqhagamshelane namaqabane anokurhweba kwihlabathi jikelele. 4. I-Alibaba.com - Ngokufana neMithombo yeHlabathi, i-Alibaba.com yindawo yokuthengisa ehamba phambili ye-intanethi edibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi kwihlabathi jikelele. Ivumela amashishini eTajikistan ukuba afumane iimveliso okanye afikelele kubathengi abanokubakho ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe. 5.Imarike yethu (ourmarket.tj) – Le ndawo yentengiso ye-intanethi yasekhaya igxile ekudibaniseni amashishini amancinci naphakathi kwimarike yasekhaya yaseTajikistan. I-6.Bonagifts (bonagifts.com) - Ukutya ngokuthe ngqo kwishishini lezipho ngokugxila kwimisebenzi yezandla yemveli yase-Asia Ephakathi kuquka ezo zifumaneka kwinkcubeko yaseTajik 7.TradeKey(Tajanktradingcompany.tradenkey.com): I-TradeKey ibonelela ngeqonga lokurhweba nge-intanethi kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo eziquka amalaphu, imichiza & nedayi; abavelisi beempahla zekotoni njl Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufumaneka kunye nokuthandwa kwala maqonga kunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko amatsha evela okanye asele ekhona ayaguquka.
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