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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
IPoland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yasePoland, lilizwe elikuMbindi Yurophu. Yabelana ngemida kunye neJamani ngasentshona, iCzech Republic kunye neSlovakia emazantsi, iUkraine kunye neBelarus ngasempuma, kunye neLithuania neRussia (iOblast yaseKaliningrad) kumantla-mpuma. Eli lizwe linabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-38. IPoland inembali etyebileyo ethatha iminyaka eliwaka. Yayikhe yaba bubukumkani obunamandla ngamaxesha aphakathi kwaye yayineminyaka yayo yegolide ngexesha leRenaissance. Nangona kunjalo, yajongana nezahlulo ezininzi ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwaye yanyamalala kwiimephu ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane yade yafumana inkululeko emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I. IWarsaw sisixeko esilikomkhulu kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu sasePoland. Ezinye izixeko ezikhulu ziquka iKraków, iWrocław, iPoznań, iGdańsk, iŁódź, kunye neSzczecin. Ulwimi olusemthethweni oluthethwa sisiPolish. Uqoqosho lwasePoland lugqalwa njengolona qoqosho lukhula ngokukhawuleza eYurophu. Ifumene uphuhliso loqoqosho olubalulekileyo ukusukela oko yaba yinxalenye yeManyano yaseYurophu ngo-2004. Amacandelo aphambili anegalelo kuqoqosho lwayo aquka imveliso (ingakumbi eyemoto), ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo zobugcisa bolwazi (ITSO), ishishini lokulungisa ukutya, icandelo leenkonzo zezimali kunye nokhenketho. Ilizwe liqhayisa ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ukusuka kwiintaba ezintle ezisemazantsi njengeeNtaba zeTatra ukuya kumanxweme oLwandle lweBaltic kwimimandla esemantla njengeGdańsk okanye iSopot. I-Poland ikwabonelela ngeeNdawo zeLifa leMveli ze-UNESCO ezininzi ezibandakanya iKraków's Old Town enezakhiwo ezimangalisayo eziboniswe yiWawel Castle okanye indawo yesikhumbuzo yenkampu yoxinaniso yaseAuschwitz-Birkenau esebenza njengesikhumbuzo esibalulekileyo seziganeko zembali ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Xa kuziwa kwinkcubeko, iPoland ibonelele ngamagalelo amaninzi abalulekileyo kwimbali yonke kubandakanya abaqambi abadumileyo abafana noFrédéric Chopin okanye izazinzulu ezidumileyo emhlabeni njengoMarie Skłodowska Curie ophumelele amaBhaso amabini eNobel. Ngamafutshane, iPoland lilizwe elidlamkileyo laseYurophu elinelifa lembali elityebileyo, uqoqosho olukhulayo, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Nokuba unomdla kwimbali yayo, inkcubeko, okanye ubuhle bendalo, iPoland ibonelela ngento kumntu wonke.
Imali yeSizwe
IPoland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yasePoland, lilizwe elikuMbindi Yurophu. Imali esetyenziswa ePoland ibizwa ngokuba yiPolish złoty, ebonakaliswa sisimboli "PLN". I-zloty yasePoland yaziswa ngo-1924 kwaye ibe yimali esemthethweni yasePoland ukusukela ngoko. I-złoty enye yohlulwa kwakhona ibe yi-100 groszy. Iingqekembe ezijikelezayo ziquka iimvaba ze-1, 2, kunye ne-5 groszy; kunye no-1, 2, kunye no-5 złotys. Kwelinye icala, iinowuti ziyafumaneka kwiinkonzo ze-10, 20, 50,100, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 kunye ne-500zł. Ixabiso le-złoty yasePoland liyaguquguquka xa lithelekiswa nezinye iimali ezinkulu njengedola yaseMelika okanye i-euro ngenxa yeemeko zemarike kunye neemeko zoqoqosho. Kuhlala kulungile ukujonga amaxabiso otshintshiselwano lwangoku phambi kokuya ePoland okanye ukwenza nayiphi na intengiselwano yezemali ebandakanya le mali. Ibhanki ephakathi yasePoland ibizwa ngokuba yiNarodowy Bank Polski (NBP), ejongene nomgaqo-mali kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yezemali. I-NBP ilawula amazinga enzala achaphazela iindleko zokuboleka kwaye ihlengahlengisa izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo xa kuyimfuneko. Lilonke, i-złoty yasePoland idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni urhwebo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kuqoqosho oludlamkileyo lwasePoland. Ihlala ingumba obalulekileyo wobomi bemihla ngemihla kubahlali ngelixa isamkela abakhenkethi abasuka macala onke ngotshintshiselwano lwemali olugudileyo ngalo lonke ixesha lokuhlala kwabo.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yasePoland yi-zloty yasePoland (PLN). Amaxabiso aqikelelweyo ukusuka ngoOkthobha 2021 ngala: I-1 yeDola yase-US = 3.97 PLN I-Euro eyi-1 = 4,66 PLN I-1 Pound yaseBrithani = 5.36 PLN 1 Yuan yaseTshayina = 0,62 PLN
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
IPoland ibhiyozela inani leeholide ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke, ezibonisa inkcubeko yenkcubeko kunye neziganeko zembali. Nazi ezinye zeeholide ezibalulekileyo ezibhiyozelwa ePoland: 1. Usuku lweNkululeko (ngoNovemba 11): Le holide yelizwe isikhumbuzo senkululeko yePoland, eyafunyanwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngowe-1918. Izukisa abo babelwela inkululeko yaye ibhiyozela ulongamo lwelizwe. 2. Usuku loMgaqo-siseko (ngoMeyi 3): Le holide iphawula isikhumbuzo somgaqo-siseko wokuqala wale mihla wasePoland, owamkelwa ngoMeyi 3, 1791. Ugqalwa njengowona mgaqo-siseko wamandulo wedemokhrasi eYurophu. 3. Usuku Lwazo Zonke Iingcwele (ngoNovemba 1): Ngolu suku, abantu basePoland bakhumbula baze babeke imbeko kwabo bafayo ngokutyelela amangcwaba ukuze bacoce amatye amangcwaba, bakhanyise amakhandlela baze babeke iintyatyambo emangcwabeni. 4. Ubusuku Bangaphambi kweKrisimesi (ngoDisemba 24): UBubusuku Bangaphambi kweKrisimesi lubhiyozo olubalulekileyo lonqulo kumaKatolika asePoland. Iintsapho zidibana kwisidlo esibizwa ngokuba yiWigilia, esinezifundo ezilishumi elinesibini ezimele abaPostile abalishumi elinesibini. 5. I-Ista (umhla uyahluka ngonyaka ngamnye): I-Ista ibhiyozelwa ngenzondelelo enkulu yonqulo ePoland. Abantu bathatha inxaxheba kwiinkonzo zecawe, bahombise amaqanda aziwa ngokuba yi-pisanki, kwaye batshintshiselana ngemibuliso yesintu ngelixa besabelana ngesidlo sakusasa esingumfuziselo. 6. Corpus Christi (umhla uyahluka nyaka ngamnye): Le holide yamaKatolika ibhiyozela inkolelo yobukho bokwenene bukaYesu ebudeni boMthendeleko oNgcwele ngokwenza umngcelele kwizitrato ezihonjiswe ngeentyatyambo nohlaza. 7. Usuku loNyaka oMtsha (ngoJanuwari kuQala):Iipali zibhiyozela uSuku loNyaka oMtsha ngeziqhushumbisi ezinzulwini zobusuku nge-31 kaDisemba ukwamkela unyaka omtsha ongaphambili; oku kuvamise ukulandelwa ziindibano nosapho okanye abahlobo. Ezi holide azibonisi nje kuphela izithethe ezendele nzulu zasePoland kodwa zikwanika ithuba lokuba abantu bahlangane njengoluntu okanye iintsapho ukuze babhiyozele izithethe kunye nenkcubeko yabo ekwabelwana ngayo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
IPoland, ekuMbindi Yurophu, lilizwe elaziwa ngoqoqosho lwalo olomeleleyo kunye necandelo lezorhwebo eliphumelelayo. Lolona qoqosho lukhulu kulo mmandla kwaye luqhayisa ngemarike evulekileyo enabasebenzi abanezakhono. Imeko yorhwebo yasePoland iye yaphucuka ngokuthe ngcembe ukutyhubela iminyaka. Ilizwe liye lafumana ukukhula okungaguquguqukiyo kokubini kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nesuka kumazwe angaphandle. Ngokumalunga nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iPoland igxile ikakhulu koomatshini kunye nezixhobo, iikhemikhali, iimveliso zokutya, kunye neemoto. Ezi mpahla zifunwa kakhulu ziimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yomgangatho wazo kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo. IJamani lelona qabane likhulu kwezorhwebo lasePoland, lithatha isahlulo esibalulekileyo somthamo wayo worhwebo. Le ntsebenziswano yomelele ikhulise ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwePoland kakhulu ukusukela oko iJamani isebenza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yeemveliso zasePoland ukufikelela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngaphezu koko, iPoland iye yahlula-hlula amaqabane ayo orhwebo ngaphaya kweYurophu ukuba ibandakanye amazwe afana neTshayina ne-United States. Ngobu budlelwane butsha bukhona, iPoland ijolise ekwandiseni imarike yokuthumela ngaphandle ngakumbi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iPoland iye yalandela ngokukhutheleyo utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle (i-FDI) ukukhulisa icandelo lezorhwebo nangakumbi. Ngenxa yezi nzame, iinkampani ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zaseka imisebenzi okanye izibonelelo zemveliso ngaphakathi kweli lizwe. Ukongeza, ekubeni lilungu leManyano yaseYurophu (EU), iPoland izuza ngokufikelela kwimarike enye ye-EU enabathengi abanokubakho abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500. Esi sikhundla sinenzuzo sivumela amashishini asePoland ukuba arhwebe ngokulula namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU ngaphandle kokujongana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo okanye iirhafu. Lilonke, indawo encomekayo yasePoland ekudibaneni kweendlela eziphambili zorhwebo kunye nesiseko sayo semizi-mveliso eyomeleleyo ibe negalelo elibonakalayo kurhwebo lwayo oluncomekayo. Ngotyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, IPoland kulindeleke ukuba isomeleze ngakumbi isikhundla sayo njengomdlali onempembelelo kurhwebo lwehlabathi.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
IPoland, ekuMbindi Yurophu, inethuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngendawo enobuchule bejografi kunye noqoqosho olomeleleyo, iPoland ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi kumashishini aphesheya. Okokuqala, iPoland ililungu leManyano yaseYurophu (EU) kwaye ixhamla kwizivumelwano zorhwebo simahla namanye amazwe e-EU. Oku kuvumela iinkampani ukuba zifikelele kwimarike yabathengi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 ngaphandle kokujongana nemiqobo yorhwebo egqithisileyo. Ngaphaya koko, iPoland isebenza njengesango lamashishini ajonge ukwanda kwezinye iimarike zaseMpuma Yurophu. Ukongezelela, iPoland iye yakhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwezoqoqosho kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo. Ilizwe linabasebenzi abanezakhono ezikhulayo kwaye lityala imali eninzi kuphando nophuhliso. Oku kudala imeko-bume enomtsalane kubatyali-zimali bamanye amazwe abafuna ukusungula izinto ezintsha okanye amathuba entsebenziswano. Ngaphezu koko, iziseko zophuhliso zasePoland zibone ukuphucuka okuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iinkqubo zayo zezothutho ziqhagamshelwe kakuhle nothungelwano lweendlela olusebenzayo, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya eziphucukileyo, nothungelwano lukaloliwe olunikeza ukufikelela lula kwizixeko ezikhulu zaseYurophu. Ezi nkqubela zixhasa imisebenzi yolungiselelo olusebenzayo olubalulekileyo kurhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, iPoland inamacandelo ahlukeneyo anika ithemba lokuthumela ngaphandle. Ilizwe laziwa ngoshishino lokuvelisa oluquka imveliso yamalungu eemoto, ukwenziwa koomatshini, iintambo zokudityaniswa kombane phakathi kwezinye. Iimveliso zezolimo ezifana neziqhamo ezitsha kunye nemifuno nazo zibonelela ngesakhono sokuthumela ngaphandle ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu womgangatho wazo. Ngaphaya koko, imfuno yabathengi ePoland ikhula ngokukhawuleza njengoko imivuzo enokulahlwa isanda phakathi kwabemi bayo abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-38. Ngokunyuka kwamandla okuthenga kuza kukhetho olukhulu lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ukusuka kwizinto zodidi ukuya kwimpahla yabathengi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuqukumbela, iPoland inamathuba amakhulu kumashishini aphesheya ajonge ukuphuhlisa ubukho bawo kwindawo yentengiso yehlabathi. Indawo yelizwe enenzuzo yejografi ngaphakathi kwe-EU kunye noqoqosho lwayo olukhulayo, abasebenzi abakwaziyo, kunye neziseko eziphuculweyo zitsala abatyali-mali kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Indawo enomtsalane ngokwayo, imarike yasePoland ingasebenza njengesiqalo kwezinye iimarike ezikhulayo zaseMpuma Yurophu. Ezi zinto zenza kucace ukuba kutheni ukutyala ixesha, imali, kunye neenzame zokufikelela kolu qoqosho ludlamkileyo kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiinkampani ezizimisele ukwandisa urhwebo lwazo lwangaphandle.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezishushu zokuthengisa urhwebo lwangaphandle ePoland, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukuqonda imfuno yemarike kunye nokukhethwa kwabathengi kubalulekile kukhetho oluyimpumelelo lwemveliso. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya iindlela zentengiso zangoku ePoland. Oku kuquka ukufunda amandla okuthenga abathengi kunye nokuchonga iindidi zeemveliso ezidumileyo. Umzekelo, izinto zombane, ifashoni kunye nezincedisi, izixhobo zasekhaya, impilo kunye neemveliso zobuhle zihlala zifunwa kakhulu. Uphando lwemarike kufuneka kwakhona lugxile ekuchongeni iimarike ze-niche ezinamathuba okukhula. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuhlalutya ukhuphiswano kumashishini athile okanye ukuchonga iindlela ezivelayo ezifumana ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathengi basePoland. Enye inkalo emele iqwalaselwe lukhetho lwenkcubeko namasiko asekuhlaleni. Iimveliso ezihambelana nezithethe zasePoland okanye ezinonxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwenkcubeko zinokonwabela impumelelo kwimarike. Umzekelo, imisebenzi yezandla yasePoland okanye izinto zokutya eziphilayo zinokutsala umdla obalulekileyo kubo bobabini abathengi basekhaya kunye nabakhenkethi. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweemarike zeemveliso ezikhethiweyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze uphando okanye uqokelele ingxelo evela kubathengi abanokubakho malunga nezinto abazithandayo kunye nokulindela malunga nomgangatho, uluhlu lwamaxabiso, ukuyila ukupakisha njl. imarike. Ukongeza ekuqondeni imfuno yabathengi kunye nemiba yenkcubeko, isicwangciso-qhinga samaxabiso kufuneka siqwalaselwe ngononophelo ngelixa ukhetha iimveliso zorhwebo zangaphandle ePoland. Amaxabiso akhuphisanayo asekelwe kuhlalutyo lweendleko ngokucokisekileyo aya kuqinisekisa umtsalane weminikelo yakho ngelixa ugcina inzuzo. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuthobela zonke iimfuno zomthetho malunga nesatifikethi, imimiselo yokuleyibhela, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko ePoland.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ozikhethileyo ziyahlangabezana nezi mfuno kuyakwakha ukuthembana kubo bobabini abasasazi kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela ekugqibeleni babe negalelo kwimpumelelo yexesha elide ngaphakathi korhwebo lwangaphandle lwasePoland. ishishini. Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokukhetha iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kurhwebo lwangaphandle ePoland ifuna uphando olucokisekileyo kwiindlela zemarike zangoku, izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, imiba yenkcubeko, iimarike ze-niche, kunye nezicwangciso zamaxabiso. Ukudala ukukhula koshishino oluzinzileyo, kubalulekile ukuhlala uhlaziywa ngamandla utshintsho phakathi kwemarike yasePoland kwaye ngokuqhubekayo uziqhelanisa nokutshintsha iimfuno kunye nokukhethwa kwabathengi.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
IPoland, ekuMbindi Yurophu, yaziwa ngembali yayo etyebileyo, iindawo ezintle zomhlaba, nenkcubeko edlamkileyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zabathengi, iiPoles ziqhelekile kwaye zinentlonipho kubanikezeli benkonzo. Bayayixabisa inkonzo elungileyo kwaye baxabisa ubulungisa ekusebenzisaneni kwabo namashishini. Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha kwabathengi basePoland kukubaluleka abakubeka kubudlelwane bomntu. Ukwakha intembeko kunye nokuseka unxibelelwano nabathengi kubalulekile ePoland. Ukuthatha ixesha lokubulisa abathengi ngokufudumeleyo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwiincoko zobuhlobo kunokunceda ukudala umbono owakhayo. Ukongeza, abathengi basePoland badla ngokuxabisa ulwazi olucokisekileyo lwemveliso evela kubameli beentengiso. Bakuxabisa ukufundiswa ngeempawu kunye neenzuzo zemveliso okanye inkonzo ngaphambi kokuba benze isigqibo sokuthenga. Ukubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha kunye nokuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo abanokuba nayo iya kuthakazelelwa ngabathengi basePoland. Ngokumalunga ne-taboos okanye izinto ekufuneka uziphephe xa usebenza nabathengi basePoland, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izihloko zembali ezinobuzaza njengeMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini okanye ubukomanisi. Ezi zifundo zisenokuvuselela iimvakalelo ezinamandla phakathi kwabantu abathile. Kungcono ukuzikhwebula kwiingxoxo ezinxulumene nezopolitiko okanye iziganeko eziphikisanayo ngaphandle kokuba umenywe ngokuthe ngqo ngumthengi. Omnye umzobo wenkcubeko ujikeleze ukuxoxa ngemali yomntu ngokuphandle. Izibonda zingayifumana ingonwabanga xa zibuzwa ngengeniso yazo okanye imeko yezemali ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lentengiselwano yeshishini. Intlonipho yobumfihlo malunga nemicimbi yemali kufuneka ihlale igcinwe. Ngokubanzi, ukuqonda ezi mpawu zabathengi - ukuxabisa ubudlelwane bomntu, ukuxabisa ulwazi olunzulu lwemveliso - kunye nokuphepha izihloko zembali ezinobuzaza okanye imibuzo ephazamisayo malunga nemali yobuqu iya kuhamba indlela ende ekukhonzeni ngempumelelo abathengi basePoland.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
IPoland, ekuMbindi Yurophu, inemigaqo nemigaqo ethile emele ilandelwe xa ingena okanye iphuma kwelo lizwe. Inkqubo yamasiko ePoland ilungelelanisiwe kodwa ingqongqo, ijolise ekugcineni ukhuseleko lomda kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo. Okokuqala, xa ungena ePoland, kubalulekile ukuba ube nencwadana yokundwendwela esemthethweni eneenyanga ezintandathu ezishiyekileyo. Abemi be-EU banokungena ngokukhululekileyo ePoland kunye namakhadi abo esazisi esizwe. Abemi abangengabo abe-EU banokufuna i-visa, kuxhomekeke kubuzwe babo. Kwindawo yokulawula umda wasePoland okanye kwikhawuntara yokufudukela kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, abahambi kufuneka baveze amaxwebhu abo okuhamba ukuze ahlolwe ngabasemagunyeni bomda. Kubalulekile ukuba onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko alungele ukuqinisekiswa. Ngokuphathelele izinto zobuqu kunye nezibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo, abahlali beManyano yaseYurophu ngokuqhelekileyo bavunyelwe ukuzisa izixa ezingasikelwanga mda zempahla ukuze bazisebenzisele kwimida efanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuhlawula iirhafu okanye iirhafu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izithintelo kwizinto ezithile ezifana notywala kunye neemveliso zecuba ezisekelwe kwizithintelo zeminyaka kunye nokulinganiselwa kobuninzi. Abahambi abafika bevela ngaphandle kwe-EU kufuneka babhengeze naziphi na iimpahla ezidlula imiqathango ebekiweyo ngokunyanzelekileyo ekufikeni kwabo. Izinto ezifana nezixa ezikhulu zotywala okanye icuba ezigqithise imida esemthethweni kufuneka ibhengezwe kwi Customs Control Points nokuba ngaphantsi kwaloo mida - ukusilela kungabangela izohlwayo okanye iziphumo zomthetho. Ngaphezu koko, akuvumelekanga ngumthetho ukuthwala izinto ezithile ukuya ePoland ezifana ne-narcotics, izixhobo (kubandakanywa nemipu), imali yomgunyathi/imveliso yomgunyathi, imisebenzi engekho mthethweni yobugcisa/izinto zakudala ezinexabiso lembali ngaphandle kweemvume/ielayisenisi ezifanelekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa amava okungena agudileyo ngelixa udlula kwiindawo zezithethe zasePoland: 1. Phatha amaxwebhu esazisi afanelekileyo kuquka iincwadana zokundwendwela/ii-visa. 2. Ukubhengeza naziphi na izinto ezingaphezulu kwezibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo. 3. Ziqhelanise noluhlu lwezinto ezithintelweyo phambi kohambo lwakho. 4. Qwalasela nayiphi na imiyalelo eyongezelelweyo enikwa ngamagosa ajongene nerhafu. 5. Gcina zonke iirisithi/amaxwebhu anxulumene nokuthengwa kwexabiso eliphezulu okwenziwe phesheya ukuze uboniswe ukuba uceliwe. 6. Kuphephe ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi enokwaphula imithetho/imimiselo yezithethe zasePoland. Ukuthobela ezi zikhokelo kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukungena okungenazinkathazo kunye nenkqubo yokuphuma ngokusebenzisa amasiko asePoland. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukuhlonipha nokuthobela imithetho nemigaqo yelizwe olindwendwelayo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Poland, njengelungu leManyano yaseYurophu (EU), ilandela umgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo wokurhweba ngempahla nezinto ezithengwayo owaziwa ngokuba yi-Common Customs Tariff (CCT) yokungeniswa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-EU. I-CCT ibeka amaxabiso entlawulo kwiindidi zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiikhowudi zabo ze-Harmonized System (HS). Ngokubanzi, iPoland isebenzisa imirhumo ye-ad valorem kwiimpahla ezivela kumazwe angaphandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixabiso lentlawulo yipesenti yexabiso lempahla. Izinga elithile lixhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-HS eyabelwe kwicandelo ngalinye lemveliso nguMbutho we-World Customs Organization. Nangona kunjalo, njengenxalenye yokuzibophelela kwayo kwizivumelwano zokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokukhululwa kwezoqoqosho, iPoland iphumeze amanyathelo amaninzi okunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa iirhafu kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, phantsi kwezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini kunye namazwe amaninzi, iimveliso ezithile zinokonwabela impatho ekhethwayo ngokucuthayo okanye eziro. Ukongeza, iPoland isebenza ngemimandla eliqela ekhethekileyo yezoqoqosho ebonelela ngenkuthazo efana nokuncitshiswa kwerhafu yengeniso yenkampani kunye nokuhlawula irhafu kumashishini asebenza ngaphakathi kwezi ndawo. Ezinkuthazo zijolise ekutsaleni utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle kunye nokukhulisa uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kwimimandla ethile yasePoland. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iirhafu zokungenisa ayizizo kuphela iirhafu ezisebenzayo xa ungenisa iimpahla ePoland. I-Value Added Tax (i-VAT) nayo ihlawuliswa ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwemveliso. Amaxabiso e-VAT ePoland asusela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-23%, uninzi lweempahla luxhomekeke kumyinge we-23%. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezithile ezifana neemveliso zokutya okanye iincwadi zinokurhafiswa ngamaxabiso aphantsi. I-Poland ikwaphumeza iimfuno zelayisensi yokungenisa elizweni kwiindidi ezithile zeemveliso ezifana nemipu, iziqhushumbisi, iziyobisi, okanye imichiza. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka bafumane iilayisenisi kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo phambi kokuba ezi mveliso zingene elizweni ngokusemthethweni. Lilonke, ukuqonda imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokungenisa yasePoland kufuna ulwazi lwemigaqo ye-EU kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe eziphembelela ubume bayo berhafu. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba amashishini anenjongo yokuthumela impahla kumazwe angaphandle afune uncedo lobuchwephesha okanye abhekisele ngqo kwimithombo esemthethweni efana namagunya ezithethe zasePoland ukuze afumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo noluhlaziyiweyo malunga nemisebenzi yokungenisa kunye neemfuno ezinxulumene nemveliso ethile.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
IPoland lilizwe elikuMbindi Yurophu kwaye yaziwa ngokuba licandelo elinamandla lokuthumela ngaphandle. Ilizwe liphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yerhafu enxulumene nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. 1. Irhafu-ntengo eyongeziweyo (i-VAT): I-Poland ibeka irhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo kwizinto ezininzi kunye neenkonzo, kubandakanywa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izinga le-VAT eliqhelekileyo okwangoku liyi-23%, kodwa kukho iireyithi ezithotyiweyo ze-5% kunye ne-8% kwizinto ezithile ezifana neencwadi, amayeza, kunye nezinye iimveliso zezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuziwa ekuthumeleni iimpahla ngaphandle kwe-European Union (EU), amashishini asePoland angafaka isicelo se-VAT yezinga elinguziro kwezi ntengiselwano. 2. Umrhumo weRhafu: I-Poland irhafisa irhafu kwiimveliso ezithile ezinje ngotywala, icuba, iziselo zamandla, kunye nepetroli. Ezi rhafu zidla ngokuhlawulwa ngabavelisi basekhaya okanye abarhwebi ngaphandle kokuba iimveliso zifike ezandleni zabathengi. Kwimpahla ethunyelwe kwiimarike ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU okanye ngaphandle kwayo, le rhafu inokukhululwa okanye ibuyiswe ngokuzalisa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. 3. ImiSebenzi yokuThumela ngaphandle: Okwangoku, iPoland ayinyanzeli naluphi na uxanduva lokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimpahla ezininzi ezishiya ummandla wayo. Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo ezithile ezithile ezifana namaplanga zinokulawulwa kwimirhumo yokusingqongileyo okanye iirhafu ukuba zithunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphaya komda othile obekwe ngurhulumente. 4.IiRhafu zeRhafu: Njengenxalenye yesivumelwano se-EU's Customs Union apho iPoland ililungu layo oko yajoyina ngo-2004, akukho rhafu imiselweyo phakathi kwemida yamazwe angamalungu e-EU xa kurhwetywana. Nangona kunjalo, imirhumo yempahla engenayo isenokusebenza xa kuthunyelwa iimpahla zisuka ePoland zisiya kumazwe angengawo awe-EU ngokuxhomekeke kwizivumelwano zorhwebo okanye imigaqo-nkqubo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imimiselo yerhafu ixhomekeke kutshintsho ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zoqoqosho kunye nezinto eziphambili zesizwe; ke ngoko ukuhlala uhlaziywa neziphathamandla ezilawulayo zasePoland kubaluleke kakhulu ngelixa usenza imisebenzi yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ebandakanya ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ePoland.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
IPoland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yasePoland, lilizwe laseYurophu elikuMbindi Yurophu. Inoqoqosho olomeleleyo nolwahlukeneyo olugxininisa kakhulu kwimveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa kweempahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iPoland iphumeze iinkqubo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa. Xa kuziwa ekuthumeleni iimpahla ezivela ePoland, iinkampani kufuneka zifumane iSatifikethi sokuThumela ngaphandle. Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yomgangatho kwaye zithobela imimiselo ekhoyo. Inkqubo yoqinisekiso yonganyelwe ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo basePoland abafana ne-Arhente yasePoland yoPhuhliso lwamaShishini (PARP) kunye namaqumrhu ahlukeneyo ajongene noshishino. Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zesiqinisekiso sokuthumela ngaphandle ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, iimveliso zezolimo kufuneka zihambelane nemimiselo ebekwe yi-State Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service (PIORiN), ngelixa izinto zokutya kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko ebekwe zii-arhente ezifana neNational Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI). Ukufumana isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle, amashishini kufuneka angenise amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha malunga neemveliso zawo, kubandakanywa ulwazi malunga neenkqubo zokuvelisa, izithako ezisetyenzisiweyo (ukuba ziyasebenza), izinto zokupakisha, iimeko zokugcina, kunye neemfuno zokuleyibheli. Ukongeza, iinkampani zinokuba phantsi kohlolo lwendawo okanye uvavanyo lwemveliso olwenziwe ziilabhoratri ezigunyazisiweyo. Ukuba nesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle kongeza intembeko kwiimveliso zasePoland kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe njengoko kuqinisekisa abathengi ukuba bathenga iimpahla ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezithobela imigangatho yolawulo. Ngaphaya koko, amazwe athile asenokufuna ezi zatifikethi ngeenjongo zokucocwa kwesithethe. Ukuqukumbela, iPoland ibeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho ofunekayo ngokufumana izatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle. Oku kunceda ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa bekhuthaza urhwebo lwasePoland kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
IPoland lilizwe elikuMbindi Yurophu kwaye yaziwa ngokubakho olomeleleyo kushishino lwezothutho kunye nezothutho. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zeenkonzo zolungiselelo ePoland: 1. I-DHL: I-DHL ngomnye wababoneleli abakhokelayo bezothutho kwihlabathi kwaye inobukho obubalulekileyo ePoland. Banikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezibandakanya ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza, ukuthuthwa kwempahla, ulawulo lwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nezisombululo ze-e-commerce. Ngothungelwano lwabo olubanzi kunye nezixhobo zanamhlanje, i-DHL ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo. 2. I-FedEx: Enye inkampani yekhuriya yamazwe ngamazwe ethembekileyo esebenza ePoland yiFedEx. Banikezela ngeenkonzo zohambiso olucacileyo kuzo zombini iinqanawa zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. I-FedEx ibonelela ngezisombululo ezilungelelanisiweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwexesha eliqinisekileyo, uncedo lokucocwa kwesithethe, ugcino, kunye nokuhanjiswa. 3. Iposi yasePoland (iPoczta Polska): Inkonzo yeposi yesizwe ePoland ikwabonelela ngezisombululo zolungiselelo oluquka ukuhanjiswa kweepasile ngaphakathi elizweni kunye nokhetho lokuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe. IPosi yasePoland inothungelwano olubanzi lwesebe elenza ukuba ifikeleleke kubathengi kwilizwe liphela. 4. DB Schenker: DB Schenker ngumboneleli wolungiselelo wehlabathi osebenza ePoland ebonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho ezibanzi kunye nolungiselelo olufana nothutho ngenqwelomoya, uthutho lwaselwandle, uthutho lwendlela, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ulungiselelo lolungiselelo lwekhontrakthi, urhwebo lwempahla, kunye nolawulo lwesixokelelwano sobonelelo. 5. I-Rhenus Logistics: I-Rhenus Logistics igxile ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo ezihlangeneyo zokuphela ukuya ekupheleni ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo aquka iimoto, ukuthengisa & iimpahla zabathengi, ukhathalelo lwezempilo kunye namayeza phakathi kwabanye. 6 .GEFCO: I-GEFCO Group ibonelela ngezisombululo zesixokelelwano sonikezelo lwehlabathi kumacandelo oshishino afana neemoto; i-aerospace; Ubuchwephese obuphezulu; ukhathalelo lwempilo; iimveliso zamashishini etc.Baneeofisi ezininzi kulo lonke elasePoland zibonelela ngenkxaso yolungiselelo oluphezulu ukuya ekupheleni Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yababoneleli benkonzo abamiselwe kakuhle abasebenza ePoland. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba wenze uphando olululo olusekwe kwiimfuno zeshishini lakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe nawuphi na umboneleli wenkonzo othile. Ukuqukumbela,'Xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yolungiselelo ePoland, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imiba enjengokugubungela uthungelwano lwabo, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ukulandelela ukusebenza, kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla kunye nokuthunyelwa'.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

IPoland lilizwe elikuMbindi Yurophu elibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo kumashishini ajonge ukwandisa ukufikelela kwawo. Ngendawo yayo ecwangcisiweyo, uqoqosho oluzinzileyo, kunye nogxininiso olumandla kwitekhnoloji kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha, iPoland iye yaba yindawo enomtsalane kubathengi behlabathi. Nanga amanye amajelo abalulekileyo okuthenga kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo ePoland: 1. Imiboniso yoRhwebo ePoland: Lo ngomnye wabaququzeleli abakhokelayo bemiboniso yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe kweli lizwe. Babamba iminyhadala kuwo onke amacandelo oshishino afana nezolimo, ulwakhiwo, ukusetyenzwa kokutya, oomatshini, iimoto, amalaphu, nokunye. 2. I-International Fair Plovdiv (IFP): I-IFP sisiganeko sonyaka esibanjelwa e-Poznan esitsala abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana ne-electronics, ukwenziwa kwefenitshala, imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, iinkonzo ze-IT/iimveliso. 3. IiNtsuku zoShishino zaseWarsaw: Sisiganeko esikhethekileyo esigxile kwiintlanganiso zeshishini ukuya kwishishini kuzo zombini iinkampani zasePoland nezangaphandle ezinomdla wokwakha intsebenziswano okanye ukukhangela iimveliso ezivela kubavelisi basePoland. 4. IiNtsuku zoHlaza: Lo mboniso ubonisa iimveliso ezilungele indalo okanye iinkonzo ezivela kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana neenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo (iiphaneli zelanga), izinto zokupakisha ezilungele ukusingqongileyo (iiplastiki ezibolayo), izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo (amaplanga). 5. I-Digitalk: Esi siganeko sigxile kwizisombululo zentengiso yedijithali ezifana neekhankaso zentengiso yeendaba zoluntu ezijolise kwiindawo ezithile okanye iindawo zokuhlala ngokusebenzisa amaqonga afana ne-Facebook Ads okanye i-Google AdWords. 6. I-E-commerce Expo Warsaw: Njengoko icandelo le-e-commerce likhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi jikelele; lo mboniso ubonelela ngamathuba kumashishini ukuba ajonge intsebenziswano enokubakho kunye neenkampani zasePoland ezisebenza ngamaqonga okuthengisa kwi-intanethi. 7.IMiboniso yoRhwebo lweFenitshala yaMazwe ngaMazwe: IPoland inemiboniso emininzi yefanitshala ebalulekileyo efana neMeble Polska - uMboniso weFenitshala yaMazwe ngaMazwe obonelela ngeqonga lokubonisa uyilo oluyilayo kunye nezimbo zokubonelela kuzo zombini iimfuno zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo; itsala abathengisi behlabathi abafuna ababoneleli/abahambisi abatsha. 8.I-Auto Moto Show eKraków: Idibanisa iingcali zemizi-mveliso yeemoto zibonisa ubugcisa babo bamvanje/utshintsho olunxulumene neemoto/izithuthuthu; lithuba elihle kakhulu kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abajonge ukufumana izinto zemoto okanye baphonononge ubambiswano lweshishini. 9.IVeki yoShishino lwaseWarsaw: Sesinye seziganeko ezinkulu ezingqamene noshishino ePoland, etsala iingcali ezivela kumacandelo awohlukeneyo afana nokwenziwa koomatshini, ulungiselelo, umatshini kunye neerobhothi. Ababonisi banokunxibelelana nabathengi abanokubakho kunye nababoneleli. 10. Iintlanganiso ze-B2B: Ngaphandle kwemiboniso yezorhwebo kunye nemiboniso, iPoland ikwabonelela ngamathuba eentlanganiso ezithe ngqo zeshishini ezilungiselelwe yiChamber of Commerce/Trade Associations ukuququzelela intsebenziswano phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle basePoland kunye nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqukumbela, iPoland ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo ebonelela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Oku kuvumela amashishini avela kwihlabathi liphela ukuba ajonge intsebenziswano enokubakho, iimveliso/iinkonzo zomthombo, kwaye andise ubukho bawo kwimarike yehlabathi.
IPoland, njengelizwe elikuMbindi Yurophu, ineenjini zokukhangela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Nalu uluhlu lwezinye iinjini zokukhangela ezidumileyo ePoland kunye neeURL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Google Poland: Inguqulelo ye-Polish ye-injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Iwebhusayithi: www.google.pl 2. Onet.pl: I-portal yewebhu yasePoland eyaziwayo kunye ne-injini yokukhangela. umthombo: www.onet.pl 3. WP.pl: Enye i-portal yewebhu yasePoland eyaziwayo enikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kuquka ukukhangela. umthombo: www.wp.pl 4. Interia.pl: Umboneleli wenkonzo ye-intanethi yasePoland ekwabonelela ngenjini yokukhangela. Iwebhusayithi: www.interia.pl 5. I-DuckDuckGo PL (https://duckduckgo.com/?q=pl): Injini yokukhangela yabucala ejolise ekungalandeleni idatha yomsebenzisi. 6. I-Bing (ingingqi yasePoland): Enye indlela yeMicrosoft kuGoogle, ikwafumaneka kwingingqi yasePoland. Iwebhusayithi (khetha ummandla wasePoland): www.bing.com 7. I-Yandex Polska (https://yandex.com.tr/polska/): I-Yandex yinkampani esekwe eRashiya kwaye inguqulo yayo yesiPolish inikezela ngeziphumo zendawo kubasebenzisi basePoland. 8. Ukukhangela kwe-Allegro (https://allegrosearch.allegrogroup.com/): I-Allegro yindawo eyaziwayo ye-e-commerce ePoland kwaye umsebenzi wayo wokukhangela uvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane iimveliso kunye neenkonzo. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeenjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ePoland, kodwa kusenokubakho eminye ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho oluthile okanye iimfuno zengingqi zabantu okanye amashishini elizweni. Nceda uqaphele ukuba olu lwazi lunokutshintsha njengoko ubuchwepheshe buguquka, ngoko kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge kabini kwimithombo ethembekileyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo kwiinjini zokukhangela ezidumileyo kulo naliphi na ilizwe eliquka iPoland.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

Uluhlu oluphambili lweYellow Pages yasePoland lubonisa uluhlu lwamaqonga e-intanethi anceda abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane amashishini, iinkonzo, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano. Naba abadumileyo kunye neeURL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-GoldenLine.pl (https://www.goldenline.pl/) - I-GoldenLine yiwebhusayithi yonxibelelwano yobuchwephesha base-Polish ekwabonelela ngoluhlu lweshishini, uluhlu lwemisebenzi, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano lweenkampani ezahlukeneyo. 2. Pkt.pl (https://www.pkt.pl/) - I-Pkt.pl ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamaphepha atyheli kumashishini asePoland. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukukhangela iinkampani ngamagama, udidi, okanye indawo. 3. I-Panorama Firm (http://panoramafirm.pl/) - I-Panorama Firm yenye yezona nkcukacha zoshishino zikhulu ePoland eneenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kunye nolwazi malunga namashishini ahlukeneyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. 4. I-Książka Telefoniczna (http://ksiazka-telefoniczna.com/) - I-Książka Telefoniczna yinguqulelo ye-intanethi yoluhlu lweefowuni ePoland apho abasebenzisi banokukhangela iinombolo zefowuni okanye amashishini ngegama okanye indawo. 5. I-BiznesFinder (https://www.biznesfinder.pl/) - I-BiznesFinder yiqonga le-intanethi elinikezela ngolwazi olubanzi malunga neenkampani ezisebenza ePoland, kubandakanywa iiprofayili zabo, iimveliso / iinkonzo ezinikezelwayo, kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano. 6. Zumi.pl (https://www.zumi.pl/) - IZumi ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini asekuhlaleni kunye neemephu eziluncedo kunye nezalathiso zokukhokela abasebenzisi ekufumaneni iindawo ezithile okanye iinkonzo abazidingayo. 7. YellowPages PL (https://yellowpages-pl.cybo.com/)- YellowPages PL inikezela ngoluhlu lwamashishini kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke ngelixa ibonelela ngophononongo lwabasebenzisi kunye nokulinganisa ukunceda ukukhokela inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zabathengi. Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngogcino-lwazi olubanzi oluthatha imimandla eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwePoland; ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ababoneleli abafunwayo ngokusekwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile ezifana nodidi lweshishini, indawo elula okanye ukukala kwabathengi.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

IPoland, ekuMbindi Yurophu, inentengiso ye-e-commerce ephuhlisiweyo enamaqonga amakhulu e-intanethi. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce aphambili ePoland kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Allegro (www.allegro.pl): I-Allegro yeyona ndawo inkulu kwaye idumileyo kwi-intanethi yemarike ePoland. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanya i-electronics, ifashoni, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye nokunye. 2. I-OLX (www.olx.pl): I-OLX yi-portal ehleliweyo yentengiso apho abasebenzisi banokuthenga kwaye bathengise iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezithuthi, izindlu nomhlaba, izinto zombane, kunye nefanitshala. 3. I-Ceneo (www.ceneo.pl): I-Ceneo yinjini yokuthenga yothelekiso evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathelekise amaxabiso kwaye bafumane amaxabiso angcono kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo ze-intanethi ePoland. 4. IZalando (www.zalando.pl): IZalando liqonga lefashoni lamazwe ngamazwe elibonelela ngempahla, izihlangu, izincedisi zamadoda, amabhinqa, nabantwana abasuka kwiibrendi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. 5. I-Empik (www.empik.com): I-Empik yenye yabathengisi abakhulu basePoland ababonelela ngeencwadi, iialbham zomculo & nee-DVD/Blu-Rays bhanyabhanya kunye nezixhobo zombane ezifana nee-smartphones okanye i-e-readers. 6. I-RTV EURO AGD (www.euro.com.pl): I-RTV EURO AGD igxile ekuthengiseni izinto zombane zabathengi ezifana neeTV, iifriji okanye oomatshini bokuhlamba kunye nezixhobo zombane ezifana nee-smartphones okanye iilaptops. 7. I-MediaMarkt (mediamarkt.pl) - I-MediaMarkt ngomnye umthengisi odumileyo ogxile kubathengi be-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zendlu. 8. I-Decathlon (decathlon.pl) - I-Decathlon ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweempahla zemidlalo kwimisebenzi efana nokubaleka, ukukhwela ibhayisekile okanye ukuqubha kuluhlu lwamaxabiso ahlukeneyo. 9 .E-obuwie(https://eobuwie.com.pl/) - I-E-obuwie igxile kakhulu kwizihlangu zamadoda , abasetyhini okanye abantwana abanikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweendlela kunye neempawu. La maqonga abonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo nekhuselekileyo kubathengi basePoland ukuba bathenge kwi-intanethi, enikezela ngokukhethwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

IPoland ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yeendaba zentlalo apho abantu banokunxibelelana kwaye bazibandakanye. Nanga amanye amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo adumileyo ePoland kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com) -I-Facebook yindawo yokuncokola esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ePoland, ebonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokwabelana ngezithuba, iifoto, iividiyo, kunye nokunxibelelana nabahlobo. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram yinto eyaziwayo yokwabelana ngezithombe ePoland. Abasebenzisi bathumela iifoto kunye neevidiyo ngelixa bezibandakanya nabanye ngezimvo kunye nezinto abazithandayo. 3. Twitter (www.twitter.com) - Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukwabelana ngemiyalezo emifutshane ebizwa ngokuba ziitweets. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenyani kwiindaba, imisitho, kunye nezimvo ePoland. 4. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn yindawo yokunxibelelana yobuchwephesha evumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iiprofayili zabo zobuchwephesha, banxibelelane nabalingane, bafumane amathuba emisebenzi, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo ezinxulumene neshishini. 5. I-Wykop (www.wykop.pl) - I-Wykop yiwebhusayithi yeendaba zentlalo yasePoland apho abasebenzisi banokufumanisa kwaye babelane ngamanqaku okanye amakhonkco anxulumene nezihloko ezahlukeneyo ezifana neteknoloji, iindaba, ukuzonwabisa, njl. 6. I-GoldenLine (www.goldenline.pl) - I-GoldenLine liqonga lonxibelelwano lobuchwephesha elifana ne-LinkedIn kodwa ligxininisa ngakumbi kwimarike yemisebenzi yasePoland. Abasebenzisi banokubonisa izakhono zabo okanye bakhangele abaqeshi abanokuba ngabaqeshi okanye abasebenzi ngaphakathi ePoland. 7. NK.pl (nk.pl) - NK.pl yenye yezona intanethi zakudala zasePoland apho abantu banokwenza iiprofayili zabo ukuze badibanise nabahlobo ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zemiyalezo kunye nokwabelana ngeefoto okanye iividiyo. 8. I-Nasza Klasa (nk24.naszkola.edu.pl/index.php/klasa0ucznia/) - Ekuqaleni yenzelwe ukudibanisa abafundi ababefunda nabo kwi-intanethi ("nasza klasa" ithetha "iklasi yethu" ngesiPolish), iye yavela kwiqonga lentlalo elibanzi. Ivumela abantu ukuba banxibelelane ngokuthumela imiyalezo okanye ngamaqela asekelwe kumdla. I-9.Tumblr (tumblr.com) -I-Tumblr yiplatifomu yokubloga apho abasebenzisi banokubelana ngomxholo we-multimedia njengezithombe, iividiyo, kunye nezithuba ezimfutshane zeblogi. Ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kolutsha lwasePoland. 10. I-Snapchat (www.snapchat.com) - I-Snapchat yi-app yemiyalezo ye-multimedia esetyenziswa kakhulu ePoland ngokwabelana ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo kunye nabahlobo okanye ukuthumela amabali anyamalala emva kweeyure ze-24. Khumbula ukuba amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo anokwahluka ekudumeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwexesha, ke kusoloko kulungile ukuphanda kwaye uhlale uhlaziyiwe kwiindlela zamva nje zemo yeendaba zentlalo yasePoland.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

IPoland, elilizwe elinoqoqosho olwahlukeneyo noluguquguqukayo, inemibutho emininzi yoshishino edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni nasekukhuthazeni amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Eminye yemibutho emikhulu yoshishino ePoland yile: 1. I-Polish Confederation Lewiatan - Ngomnye weyona mibutho mikhulu yabaqeshi ePoland kwaye imele umdla wabanini bamashishini kumacandelo awohlukeneyo. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.lewiatan.pl/en/homepage 2. I-Polish Chamber of Commerce (KIG) - I-KIG yintlangano exhasa uphuhliso lwezoshishino kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ngokubonelela ngamathuba okunxibelelana, ulwazi kunye nobuchule kumalungu ayo. umthombo: https://kig.pl/en/ 3. Umbutho weeNjineli zoMbane zasePoland (SEP) - I-SEP imele iingcali ezisebenza kubunjineli bombane kunye namashishini ahambelanayo, ajolise ekukhuthazeni uphando, uphuhliso, imfundo kunye nokuphunyezwa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili. umthombo: http://www.sep.com.pl/language/en/ 4. Umbutho weeNjineli kunye neeGcisa zokuThuthukiswa kweeMoto (i-SIMP) - I-SIMP idibanisa iingcali ezivela kwicandelo leemoto ukuze zitshintshiselane ngolwazi kunye namava malunga nokuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe kwizithuthi. umthombo: http://simp.org.pl/english-version/ 5. Umbutho weNkxaso yoPhuhliso "EKOLAND" - I-EKOLAND ikhuthaza izenzo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ezifana ne-eco-innovation, izisombululo zamandla avuselelekayo, izicwangciso zokulawula inkunkuma ngelixa ikhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo ehambelana nokusingqongileyo phakathi kwamashishini. umthombo: http://ekoland.orbit.net.pl/english-2/ 6. I-Polish Industrial Gas Association (SIGAZ) - I-SIGAZ imele iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso yegesi, ukuhanjiswa kweenkqubo zoyilo kunye nofakelo kunye nokucebisa kwimiba enxulumene negesi. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.sigaz.org/?lang=en 7. I-Warsaw Destination Alliance (WDA) – iWDA ikhuthaza icandelo lezokhenketho eWarsaw ngokudala iimeko ezivumayo kubanikazi beehotele/iivenkile zokutyela ngokusebenzisana namaziko karhulumente kunye namashishini abakhenkethi. umthombo: https://warsawnetwork.org/en/about-us/ 8. IManyano yoSomashishini kunye neMibutho yabaQeshi basePoland (ZPP) – iZPP ibonelela ngenkxaso yoshishino, ibeka iliso kutshintsho lwemithetho nokuphembelela uhlaziyo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwezimo zengqondo zoshishino. umthombo: https://www.zpp.net.pl/en/ Le mibutho ibonisa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwamacandelo kunye namashishini ePoland. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba uluhlu aluphelelanga, njengoko kukho imibutho emininzi yoshishino esebenza ePoland ngokuxhomekeke kumacandelo athile okanye ubuchwephesha.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

IPoland, njengelizwe elikhulayo laseYurophu, inamaziko amaninzi ezoqoqosho nezorhwebo anikela inkcazelo ebalulekileyo nezixhobo kumashishini. Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezibalaseleyo zoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ePoland kunye nee-URL zazo ezihambelanayo: 1. I-Arhente yasePoland yoTyalo-mali noRhwebo (PAIH) - I-arhente karhulumente esemthethweni enoxanduva lokukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ePoland. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.trade.gov.pl/en 2. I-Ofisi ye-Central Statistical (GUS) - Inikezela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezibanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho lwasePoland. umthombo: https://stat.gov.pl/en/ 3. I-Warsaw Stock Exchange (GPW) - I-stock exchange enkulu kwi-Central Europe, inikezela ngolwazi lwemarike, uluhlu lweenkampani, kunye neenkonzo zokurhweba. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.gpw.pl/home 4. IBhanki yeSizwe yasePoland (NBP) - Ibhanki ephakathi yasePoland inikezela ngolwazi malunga nomgaqo-mali, uzinzo lwemali, izibalo, kunye nemimiselo. umthombo: https://www.nbp.pl/home.aspx?f=/en/index.html I-5.Poland-Export Portal- Uluhlu oludibanisa abathengisi bangaphandle basePoland kunye nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo aquka ezolimo, izimbiwa, oomatshini, iingubo, nokunye. iwebhusayithi: https://poland-export.com/ 6.Poland Chamber of Commerce(ICP)- Umbutho oxhasa oosomashishini ngokubonelela ngamathuba othungelwano, uthethwano lweshishini, iinkonzo, kunye neenzame zokuphembelela umthombo: http://ir.mpzlkp.cameralab.info/ 7.Pracuj.pl- Enye yeengosi zemisebenzi eziphambili ePoland apho abaqeshi banokuthumela khona imisebenzi ngelixa abantu bekhangela amathuba afanelekileyo engqesho. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://www.pracuj.pl/en. 8.Hlonline24- Indawo yokuthengisa ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezisuka kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana ne-elektroniki, ifashoni, igajethi, ifenitshala, nokunye. umthombo: http://hlonline24.com/. Ezi webhusayithi zinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kuqoqosho lwasePoland, amathuba otyalo-mali, imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, iimarike ezinkulu, iimarike zabasebenzi, abalawuli bamashishini, izibalo zorhwebo, iingxelo zedatha, kunye nokunye. Khumbula ukutyelela nganye yezi webhusayithi ukuze ujonge iminikelo yazo ethile kwaye uhlale uhlaziywa ngolwazi lwamva nje olunxulumene noqoqosho lwasePoland kunye norhwebo.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo ePoland. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi ezihambelanayo: 1. I-Ofisi yeeNkcukacha eziPhambili (Główny Urząd Statystyczny) - www.stat.gov.pl - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-ofisi yeenkcukacha-manani karhulumente wasePoland ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezibanzi zorhwebo, kubandakanywa idatha yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, ibhalansi yorhwebo, kunye nolwazi oluthile lwecandelo. 2. Imephu yoRhwebo - www.trademap.org - Ixhaswe yiZiko loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC), eli qonga libonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo ezineenkcukacha zasePoland, kuquka namaqabane aphezulu orhwebo, iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle/ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kunye nezalathi ezifanelekileyo ezifana neerhafu kunye nemilinganiselo yokungahlawulisi. . 3. I-Export Genius - www.exportgenius.in - Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngokufikelela kuzo zombini iinkcukacha zembali kunye nexesha langempela lokurhweba ePoland. Ibandakanya imiba eyahlukeneyo efana neekhowudi zeHS, uhlalutyo olulumkileyo kwimveliso, amazibuko amakhulu okungena / ukuphuma, amazwe asuka kuyo imvelaphi kurhwebo. 4. I-Eurostat Comext Database - ec.europa.eu/eurostat/comext/ - I-Eurostat yiofisi yamanani ye-European Union (EU), ejongene nokubonelela ngeenkcukacha manani zorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. I-database ye-Comext iquka ulwazi olubanzi malunga nokungeniswa ngaphandle kwe-EU kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwePoland. 5. I-UN Comtrade Database - comtrade.un.org/Data/SelectionModules.aspx?di=10&ds=2&r=616-620&lg=13&px=default_no_result_tabs_csv_demoPluginViewEnabled&VW=T Ibonelelwe liCandelo leNkcazo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UNSD), eli qonga livumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwiidatha zorhwebo zehlabathi jikelele njengoko kuchazwe ngamazwe-amazwe ngokwabo-kuquka iPoland-egubungela iimpahla ezihlelwe phantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlela njenge-HS okanye i-SITC codes. Nceda uqaphele ukuba olu luhlu aluphelelanga kwaye kunokubakho ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezikhoyo ezineempawu ezifanayo okanye ezongezelelweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zokurhweba ngokunxulumene nePoland.

amaqonga B2b

EPoland, kukho iiplatifti ezininzi zeB2B ezibonelela amashishini kwaye ziququzelele imisebenzi yorhwebo. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalaseleyo: 1. eFirma.pl (https://efirma.pl) I-eFirma liqonga leB2B ePoland elibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ezifana nokubhaliswa kwenkampani, ukubalwa kwemali, inkxaso yezomthetho, nokunye. 2. I-GlobalBroker (https://www.globalbroker.pl/) I-GlobalBroker ibonelela ngendawo yentengiso ye-B2B apho amashishini anokufumana iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo ezivela kubaboneleli kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo ePoland. 3. TradeIndia (https://www.tradeindia.com/Seller/Poland/) I-TradeIndia yindawo yentengiso ye-B2B ekwi-intanethi edibanisa abathengi basePoland kunye nababoneleli bamazwe ngamazwe. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kwaye ibonelela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. 4. I-DDTech (http://ddtech.pl/) I-DDTech liqonga leB2B elikhokelayo ePoland eligxile kwiinkonzo ze-IT kunye nezisombululo. Idibanisa amashishini kunye nababoneleli betekhnoloji kuphuhliso lwesoftware, uyilo lwewebhu, uphuhliso lweeapps eziphathwayo, njl. 5. Otafogo (https://otafogo.com/pl) I-Otafogo liqonga le-B2B elenza izinto ezintsha eligxile ekudibaniseni abathengi basePoland nababoneleli baseTshayina ukwenzela imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle-ngaphandle kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso. 6. BiznesPartnerski (http://biznespartnerski.pl/) I-BiznesPartnerski isebenza njengoluhlu lweenkampani zasePoland ezijonge ukuseka ubuhlakani boshishino ngaphakathi kweli lizwe okanye phesheya ngokudwelisa amathuba entsebenziswano anokubakho. 7. Ubukrelekrele boShishino lweGemius (https://www.gemius.com/business-intelligence.html) I-Gemius Business Intelligence ibonelela ngedatha yophando lwentengiso kunye nohlalutyo lwamashishini asebenza ePoland ngeqonga layo le-intanethi elenzelwe ngokukodwa ulwazi lwentengiso. La maqonga anikezela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukunceda amashishini anxibelelane namaqabane anokubakho okanye ababoneleli kwimarike yasePoland okanye andise ukufikelela kwawo kwihlabathi liphela.
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