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Limmaraka tse ka Sehloohong
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Kakaretso ea Naha
Poland, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Poland, ke naha e Europe Bohareng. E arolelana meeli le Jeremane ka bophirimela, Czech Republic le Slovakia ka boroa, Ukraine le Belarus ka bochabela, le Lithuania le Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) ka leboea-bochabela. Naha ena e na le baahi ba fetang limilione tse 38. Poland e na le histori e ruileng ea lilemo tse fetang sekete. E kile ea e-ba 'muso o matla mehleng ea boholo-holo 'me o ne o e-na le lilemo tsa oona tsa khauta nakong ea Renaissance. Leha ho le joalo, e ile ea tobana le likarohano tse ngata bofelong ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo 'me ea nyamela limmapeng ka nako e fetang lekholo ho fihlela e fumana boipuso ka mor'a Ntoa ea I ea Lefatše. Warsaw ke motse-moholo le toropo e kholo ea Poland. Litoropo tse ling tse kholo li kenyelletsa Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, Łódź, le Szczecin. Puo ea molao e buuoang ke Sepolishe. Moruo oa Poland o nkoa e le o mong oa linaha tse hōlang ka potlako Europe. E bile le ntshetsopele e kgolo ya moruo haesale e eba karolo ya European Union ka 2004. Makala a bohlokwa a kenyang letsoho moruong wa yona a kenyeletsa tlhahiso (haholoholo ya makoloi), ho fana ka ditshebeletso tsa thekenoloji ya tlhahisoleseding (ITSO), indasteri ya ho lokisa dijo, lekala la ditshebeletso tsa ditjhelete mmoho le bohahlaudi. Naha e na le libaka tse fapaneng ho tloha lithabeng tse ntle tse ka boroa joalo ka Lithaba tsa Tatra ho isa mabopong a Leoatle la Baltic libakeng tse ka leboea tse kang Gdańsk kapa Sopot. Poland e boetse e fana ka libaka tse ngata tsa UNESCO World Heritage Sites ho kenyeletsoa Kraków's Old Town e nang le meaho e metle e bontšitsoeng ke Wawel Castle kapa sebaka sa sehopotso sa kampo ea mahloriso ea Auschwitz-Birkenau e sebeletsang e le khopotso ea bohlokoa ea liketsahalo tsa nalane nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea setso, Poland e fane ka liphallelo tse ngata tse hlokomelehang ho pholletsa le histori ho kenyelletsa le baqapi ba tummeng ba kang Frédéric Chopin kapa bo-rasaense ba tummeng ba kang Marie Skłodowska Curie ea hapileng likhau tse peli tsa Nobel. Ka bokhutšoanyane, Poland ke naha e matla ea Europe e nang le nalane e ruileng ea nalane, moruo o ntseng o hola, le libaka tse fapaneng tsa naha. Hore na o thahasella nalane ea eona, setso, kapa botle ba tlhaho, Poland e fana ka ho hong bakeng sa motho e mong le e mong.
Chelete ea Naha
Poland, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Poland, ke naha e Europe Bohareng. Chelete e sebelisoang Poland e bitsoa złoty ea Poland, e hlalosoang ke letšoao "PLN". Zloty ea Poland e ile ea hlahisoa ka 1924 'me esale e le chelete ea molao ea Poland ho tloha ka nako eo. Złoty e le 'ngoe e arotsoe hape ka 100 groszy. Lichelete tsa tšepe tse potolohang li kenyelletsa likereke tsa 1, 2, le 5 groszy; hammoho le 1, 2, le 5 złotys. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-banknotes li fumaneha ka lihlopha tsa 10, 20, 50,100, esita le ho fihla ho 200 le 500zł. Theko ea złoty ea Poland e ea feto-fetoha khahlano le lichelete tse ling tse kholo joalo ka dollar ea Amerika kapa euro ka lebaka la maemo a 'maraka le maemo a moruo. Ho molemo ho hlahloba litefiso tsa hona joale tsa phapanyetsano pele u etela Poland kapa u etsa mesebetsi efe kapa efe ea lichelete e amanang le chelete ena. Banka e bohareng ea Poland e bitsoa Narodowy Bank Polski (NBP), e okametseng leano la lichelete le ho netefatsa botsitso ka har'a tsamaiso ea lichelete. NBP e laola sekhahla sa tsoala se amang litšenyehelo tsa ho alima le ho lokisa maano ka nepo ha ho hlokahala. Ka kakaretso, zloty ea Poland e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng khoebo ka hare ho naha le machabeng ka har'a moruo o matla oa Poland. E ntse e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa baahi ha e ntse e amohela bahahlauli ba tsoang libakeng tsohle ka phapanyetsano ea lichelete nakong eohle ea ho lula ha bona.
Sekhahla sa phapanyetsano
Chelete ea molao ea Poland ke zloty ea Poland (PLN). Likhakanyo tsa likhakanyo tsa phapanyetsano ho tloha ka Mphalane 2021 ke: 1 US Dollar = 3.97 PLN 1 Euro = 4,66 PLN 1 Ponto ea Brithani = 5.36 PLN 1 Yuan ea Chaena = 0,62 PLN
Matsatsi a Phomolo a Bohlokwa
Poland e keteka matsatsi a phomolo a bohlokoa ho pholletsa le selemo, a bonts'ang nalane ea eona ea setso le liketsahalo tsa nalane. Mona ke matsatsi a phomolo a bohlokoahali a ketekoang Poland: 1. Letsatsi la Tokoloho (November 11): Letsatsi lena la phomolo la naha ke sehopotso sa boipuso ba Poland, boo e bo fumaneng ka mor’a Ntoa ea I ea Lefatše ka 1918. Le tlotlisa ba ileng ba loanela tokoloho le ho keteka bobusi ba naha eo. 2. Letsatsi la Molao oa Motheo (May 3): Letsatsi lena la phomolo le tšoaea sehopotso sa molao-motheo oa pele oa sejoale-joale oa Poland, o ileng oa amoheloa ka la 3 May, 1791. O nkoa e le o mong oa melao-motheo ea pele ea demokrasi Europe. 3. Letsatsi la Bahalaleli Bohle (November 1): Letsatsing lena, Mapolanka a hopola le ho hlompha baratuoa ba bona ba shoeleng ka ho etela mabitla ho ea hloekisa mabitla a mabitla, ho khantša likerese le ho beha lipalesa mabitleng. 4. Mantsiboeeng a Pele ho Keresemese (December 24): Mantsiboea a Mantsiboea a Keresemese ke mokete oa bohlokoa oa bolumeli ho Mak’hatholike a Poland. Malapa a bokana bakeng sa lijo tsa mokete tse bitsoang Wigilia, tse nang le lithuto tse leshome le metso e 'meli tse emelang Baapostola ba leshome le metso e' meli. 5. Easter (letsatsi lea fapana selemo le selemo): Easter e ketekoa ka cheseho e khōlō ea bolumeli Poland. Batho ba kenya letsoho litšebeletsong tsa kereke, ba khabisa mahe a tsejoang ka hore ke pisanki, 'me ba lumelisana ka litumeliso tsa setso ha ba ntse ba ja lijo tsa hoseng tsa tšoantšetso. 6. Corpus Christi (letsatsi le fapana selemo le selemo): Matsatsi ana a phomolo a K’hatholike a keteka tumelo ea ho ba teng ha sebele ha Jesu nakong ea Selallo se Halalelang ka ho tšoara mekoloko literateng tse khabisitsoeng ka lipalesa le botala. 7.Letsatsi la Selemo se Secha(Pherekhong Pele):Mapolanka ka kakaretso a keteka Letsatsi la Selemo se Secha ka litima-mollo har'a mp'a bosiu ka la 31 Tšitoe ho amohela selemo se secha se tlang; hangata sena se lateloa ke likopano le ba lelapa kapa metsoalle. Matsatsi ana a phomolo ha a bontše feela meetlo e metseng ka metso ea Poland empa a boetse a fana ka monyetla oa hore batho ba bokane hammoho e le sechaba kapa malapa ho keteka mekhoa le meetlo ea bona.
Boemo ba Khoebo ea Kantle ho Naha
Poland, e Europe Bohareng, ke naha e tsebahalang ka moruo o matla le lekala le atlehileng la khoebo. Ke moruo o moholo ka ho fetisisa tikolohong eo 'me o ithorisa ka 'maraka o bulehileng o nang le basebetsi ba nang le litsebo. Boemo ba khoebo ba Poland bo ntse bo ntlafala butle-butle ho theosa le lilemo. Naha e bile le kholo e tsitsitseng ea thepa le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Mabapi le thomello ea kantle, Poland e shebane haholo le mechini le lisebelisoa, lik'hemik'hale, lihlahisoa tsa lijo le likoloi. Thepa ena e batloa haholo ke limmaraka tsa machabeng ka lebaka la boleng ba tsona le litheko tsa tlholisano. Jeremane ke molekane e moholo oa khoebo oa Poland, e ikarabellang bakeng sa karolo e kholo ea kakaretso ea khoebo ea eona. Tšebelisano ena e matla e matlafalitse thepa ea Poland haholo kaha Jeremane e sebetsa e le setsi sa bohlokoa sa hore lihlahisoa tsa Poland li fihle linaheng tse ling tsa Europe. Ho feta moo, Poland le eona e ntse e fapanyetsana balekane ba eona ba khoebo ka mose ho Europe ho kenyelletsa linaha tse kang China le United States. Ka litšebelisano tsena tse ncha, Poland e ikemiselitse ho holisa 'maraka oa eona oa kantle ho naha. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Poland e hatetse pele ka mafolofolo matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha (FDI) ho holisa lekala la eona la khoebo le ho feta. Ka lebaka la boiteko bona, lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa machaba li thehile lits'ebetso kapa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ka hare ho naha. Ho feta moo, ka ho ba setho sa European Union (EU), Poland e rua molemo ka ho fihlella 'maraka o le mong oa EU o nang le bareki ba fetang limilione tse 500. Boemo bona bo molemo bo lumella likhoebo tsa Poland ho hoeba habonolo le linaha tse ling tsa litho tsa EU ntle le ho tobana le litšitiso tse kholo kapa litefiso. Ka kakaretso, sebaka se setle sa Poland mateanong a litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo hammoho le setsi sa eona se matla sa indasteri se kentse letsoho haholo tšebetsong ea eona ea khoebo e khahlang. Ka matsete a tsoelang pele ho nts'etsopele ea litšebeletso tsa motheo le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, Poland e lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho matlafatsa boemo ba eona joalo ka sebapali se nang le tšusumetso khoebong ea lefats'e.
Monyetla oa Nts'etsopele ea Maraka
Poland, e Europe Bohareng, e na le monyetla o moholo oa nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Ka sebaka sa eona se setle sa tikoloho le moruo o matla, Poland e fana ka menyetla e mengata bakeng sa likhoebo tsa machabeng. Taba ea pele, Poland ke setho sa European Union (EU) mme e rua molemo litumellanong tsa khoebo ea mahala le linaha tse ling tsa EU. Sena se lumella lik'hamphani ho fihlella 'maraka oa bareki ba fetang limilione tse 500 ntle le ho tobana le litšitiso tse feteletseng tsa khoebo. Ho feta moo, Poland e sebetsa e le monyako oa likhoebo tse batlang ho hola limmarakeng tse ling tsa Europe Bochabela. Ho phaella moo, Poland e bile le khōlo e tsitsitseng ea moruo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Naha e na le basebetsi ba nang le litsebo tse ntseng li eketseha 'me e tsetela haholo lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele. Sena se theha tikoloho e khahlang bakeng sa babeeletsi ba kantle ho naha ba batlang boiqapelo kapa menyetla ea kopanelo. Ho feta moo, meaho ea naha ea Poland e bone ntlafatso e kholo lilemong tsa morao tjena. Litsamaiso tsa eona tsa lipalangoang li hokahane hantle le marang-rang a hloahloa a litsela, boemafofane ba morao-rao le likhokahano tsa literene tse fanang ka phihlello e bonolo metseng e meholo ea Europe. Lintlafatso tsena li ts'ehetsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Ho feta moo, Poland e na le likarolo tse fapaneng tse fanang ka tebello e tšepisang ea kantle ho naha. Naha e tsebahala ka indasteri ea eona ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsang tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa likoloi, tlhahiso ea mechini, likhoele tsa ho kopanya lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki har'a tse ling. Lihlahisoa tsa temo tse kang litholoana le meroho tse foreshe le tsona li fana ka monyetla oa ho romela kantle ho naha ka lebaka la maemo a tsona a holimo. Ho feta moo, tlhoko ea bareki naheng ea Poland e ntse e hola ka potlako ha meputso e ka sebelisoang e ntse e eketseha har'a baahi ba eona ba ka bang limilione tse 38. Ka matla a ho reka a ntseng a eketseha ho tlisa khetho e kholo ea tšebeliso ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ho tloha ho lintho tse mabothobotho ho isa ho thepa ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea bareki. Qetellong, Poland e na le menyetla e meholo bakeng sa likhoebo tsa machaba tse batlang ho ntshetsa pele boteng ba tsona 'marakeng oa lefats'e.Sebaka se molemohali sa naha ka har'a EU hammoho le moruo oa eona o atlehang, basebetsi ba nang le bokhoni, le mekhoa ea motheo e ntlafetseng e hohela batseteli ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapa-fapaneng. 'Maraka oa Poland o ka sebetsa e le motheo oa limmaraka tse ling tse ntseng li hlaha tsa Europe Bochabela. Lintlha tsena li hlakisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha ho tsetela nako, chelete le boiteko ba ho fihlella moruo ona o ntlafetseng ho ka ba molemo haholo bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse labalabelang ho atolosa khoebo ea tsona ea linaheng tse ling.
Lihlahisoa tse rekisoang tse chesang 'marakeng
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho khetha lihlahisoa tse rekisoang tse chesang bakeng sa khoebo ea linaheng tse ling Poland, ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tse lokelang ho nahanoa. Ho utloisisa tlhoko ea 'maraka le likhetho tsa bareki ho bohlokoa bakeng sa khetho e atlehileng ea sehlahisoa. Ntlha ea pele, ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba mekhoa ea hona joale ea 'maraka oa Poland. Sena se kenyelletsa ho ithuta matla a ho reka a bareki le ho tseba likarolo tse tsebahalang tsa lihlahisoa. Mohlala, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, feshene le lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, bophelo bo botle le lihlahisoa tsa botle hangata li batloa haholo. Patlisiso ea 'maraka e boetse e lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho khetholleng mebaraka ea niche e nang le menyetla ea kholo ea kholo. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho sekaseka tlholisano ka har'a liindasteri tse itseng kapa ho tseba mekhoa e ntseng e tsoela pele e ntseng e tsebahala har'a bareki ba Poland. Ntlha e ’ngoe e lokelang ho nahanoa ke lithahasello tsa setso le meetlo ea sebaka. Lihlahisoa tse lumellanang le meetlo ea Poland kapa tse nang le kamano e matla ea setso li ka 'na tsa thabela katleho' marakeng. Mohlala, mesebetsi ea matsoho ea setso ea Mapolishe kapa lijo tsa tlhaho li ka hohela thahasello e kholo ho tsoa ho bareki ba malapeng hammoho le bahahlauli. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore lihlahisoa tse khethiloeng li sebetsa hantle 'marakeng, ho eletsoa ho etsa lipatlisiso kapa ho bokella maikutlo ho tsoa ho bareki bao e ka bang bareki ba bona mabapi le seo ba se ratang le litebello tsa bona mabapi le boleng, boleng ba theko, moralo oa liphutheloana joalo-joalo. mmaraka. Ntle le ho utloisisa tlhoko ea bareki le likarolo tsa setso, leano la litheko le lona le lokela ho nahanoa ka hloko ha ho khethoa lihlahisoa tsa khoebo ea kantle ho naha Poland. Litheko tsa tlholisano tse ipapisitseng le tlhahlobo e felletseng ea litšenyehelo li tla netefatsa ho khahleha ha linyehelo tsa hau ha u ntse u boloka phaello. Qetellong, ho bohlokoa ho latela litlhokahalo tsohle tsa molao mabapi le setifikeiti, melao ea ho ngola, le maemo a polokeho Poland. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore lihlahisoa tseo u li khethileng li fihlela litlhoko tsena ho tla etsa hore barekisi ka bobeli ba tšepe le basebelisi ba ho qetela ba tlatselletsang katlehong ea nako e telele khoebong ea kantle ho naha ea Poland. indasteri. Qetellong, ts'ebetso ea ho khetha lihlahisoa tse rekisoang tse rekisoang bakeng sa khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea Poland e hloka lipatlisiso tse phethahetseng mabapi le mekhoa ea 'maraka ea hajoale, likhetho tsa bareki, setso, limmaraka tse ikhethileng, le maano a litheko. liphetoho ka har'a 'maraka oa Poland'me u lula u ikamahanya le maemo le likhetho tsa bareki.
Litšobotsi tsa bareki le tabo
Poland, e leng Europe Bohareng, e tsebahala ka histori ea eona e ruileng, libaka tse ntle tsa naha le setso sa eona se phelang hantle. Mabapi le litšobotsi tsa bareki, Mapolesa ka kakaretso a na le mekhoa e metle le tlhompho ho bafani ba litšebeletso. Ba ananela tšebeletso e ntle 'me ba ananela toka litšebelisanong tsa bona le likhoebo. Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea boitšoaro ba bareki ba Poland ke bohlokoa boo ba bo behang likamanong tsa botho. Ho aha tšepo le ho theha khokahano le bareki ho bohlokoa Poland. Ho ipha nako ea ho lumelisa bareki ka mofuthu le ho kopanela lipuisanong tsa botsoalle ho ka thusa ho hlahisa maikutlo a matle. Ho feta moo, bareki ba Poland ba atisa ho ananela tsebo e feletseng ea sehlahisoa ho tsoa ho baemeli ba thekiso. Ba ananela ho rutoa ka likarolo le melemo ea sehlahisoa kapa tšebeletso pele ba etsa qeto ea ho reka. Ho fana ka lintlha tse qaqileng le ho araba lipotso leha e le life tseo ba ka bang le tsona ho tla ananeloa ke bareki ba Poland. Mabapi le li-taboos kapa lintho tseo u lokelang ho li qoba ha u sebetsana le bareki ba Poland, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko lihlooho tse tebileng tsa histori tse kang Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše kapa bokomonisi. Litaba tsena li ntse li ka tsosa maikutlo a matla har'a batho ba bang. Ho molemo ho qoba lipuisano tse amanang le lipolotiki kapa liketsahalo tse tsosang khang ntle le haeba moreki a li memme ka ho hlaka. Tlokotsi e 'ngoe ea setso ke ho buisana ka lichelete tsa botho pepenene. Mapolesa a ka 'na a ikutloa a sa phutholoha ha a botsoa ka chelete e kenang kapa boemo ba lichelete ka ho toba nakong ea litšebelisano tsa khoebo. Tlhompho ea boinotši mabapi le litaba tsa lichelete e lokela ho bolokoa kamehla. Ka kakaretso, ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsena tsa bareki - kananelo bakeng sa likamano tsa motho ka mong, ho ananela tsebo e felletseng ea sehlahisoa - hammoho le ho qoba litaba tse tebileng tsa nalane kapa lipotso tse makatsang mabapi le lichelete tsa motho ho tla thusa haholo ho sebeletsa bareki ba Poland ka katleho.
Sistimi ea tsamaiso ea litloaelo
Poland, e Europe Bohareng, e na le melao le mekhoa e tobileng ea meetlo e lokelang ho lateloa ha motho a kena kapa a tloha naheng eo. Sistimi ea lekhetho naheng ea Poland e bonolo empa e tiile, e ikemiselitse ho boloka ts'ireletso ea moeli le ho laola phallo ea thepa ka katleho. Taba ea pele, ha u kena Poland, ho bohlokoa ho ba le phasepoto e nepahetseng e setseng bonyane likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Baahi ba EU ba ka kena Poland ka bolokolohi le likarete tsa bona tsa naha. Baahi bao e seng ba EU ba ka hloka visa, ho latela naha ea bona. Sebakeng sa taolo ea moeli oa Poland kapa k'haontareng ea bojaki ea boema-fofane, baeti ba tlameha ho hlahisa litokomane tsa bona tsa ho eta hore li hlahlojoe ke balaoli ba moeling. Ho bohlokoa ho ba le litokomane tsohle tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho netefatsoa. Mabapi le thepa ea botho le meputso ea mahala, baahi ba European Union ka kakaretso ba lumelloa ho tlisa thepa e ngata e sa lekanyetsoang bakeng sa tšebeliso ea bona ka meeli e utloahalang ntle le ho lefa lekhetho kapa lekhetho. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le lithibelo linthong tse itseng tse kang joala le lihlahisoa tsa koae tse thehiloeng ho lithibelo tsa lilemo le meeli ea bongata. Baeti ba tsoang ka ntle ho EU ba hloka ho phatlalatsa thepa leha e le efe e fetang meeli e behiloeng ka mokhoa o qobelloang ha ba fihla. Lintho tse joalo ka bongata bo boholo ba joala kapa koae tse fetang meeli ea molao li tlameha ho phatlalatsoa ho Customs Control Points le haeba li le ka tlase ho meeli eo - ho hloleha ho ka baka likotlo kapa litlamorao tsa molao. Ho feta moo, ho thibetsoe ke molao ho isa lintho tse itseng Poland tse kang lithethefatsi, libetsa (ho kenyeletsoa lithunya), chelete ea maiketsetso/lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso, mesebetsi e seng molaong ea bonono/lintho tsa khale tse nang le boleng ba nalane ntle le litumello/laesense tse nepahetseng. Ho etsa bonnete ba ho kena hamonate ha u ntse u feta libakeng tsa moetlo oa Poland: 1. Tšoara litokomane tse nepahetseng tsa boitsebiso ho kenyeletsoa le li-passport/visa. 2. Hlalosa lintho life kapa life tse fetang meputso ea mahala. 3. Itloaetse lethathamo la lintho tse thibetsoeng pele u nka leeto. 4. Ela hloko litaelo life kapa life tse ling tse fanoeng ke liofisiri tsa lekhetho. 5. Boloka lirisiti/litokomane tsohle tse amanang le theko e boima e rekoang kantle ho naha bakeng sa ho hlahisoa ha u kōptjoa. 6. Qoba ho kenya letsoho liketsong tse ka 'nang tsa tlola melao / melawana ea meetlo ea Poland. Ho latela litataiso tsena ho tla thusa ho netefatsa ho kena le ho tloha ntle le mathata ka meetlo ea Poland. Kamehla hopola ho hlompha le ho ikobela melao le melawana ya naha eo o e etelang.
Melao ea lekhetho e tsoang kantle ho naha
Poland, joalo ka setho sa European Union (EU), e latela leano le tloaelehileng la lekhetho le tsejoang ka hore ke Common Customs Tariff (CCT) bakeng sa thepa e tsoang linaheng tseo e seng tsa EU. CCT e beha litefiso tsa litefiso bakeng sa mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa ho latela likhoutu tsa bona tsa Harmonized System (HS). Ka kakaretso, Poland e sebelisa litefiso tsa ad valorem ho thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Sena se bolela hore sekhahla sa litefiso ke peresente ea boleng ba thepa. Sekhahla se ikhethileng se ipapisitse le khoutu ea HS e abetsoeng karolo ka 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Lekhetho. Leha ho le joalo, e le karolo ea boitlamo ba eona ba litumellano tsa khoebo e sa lefelloeng le tokoloho ea moruo, Poland e sebelisitse mehato e mengata ea ho fokotsa kapa ho felisa litefiso tsa thepa e sa tšoaneng. Ka mohlala, tlas'a litumellano tsa khoebo ea linaha tse peli le tsa linaha tse ngata, lihlahisoa tse ling li ka thabela phekolo e khethehileng ka litefiso tse fokolitsoeng kapa tse se nang letho. Ho feta moo, Poland e na le libaka tse 'maloa tse khethehileng tsa moruo tse fanang ka likhothaletso tse kang ho fokotsoa lekhetho la lekhetho le lekhetho bakeng sa likhoebo tse sebetsang ka har'a libaka tsena. Maikutlo ana a ikemiselitse ho hohela matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha le ho matlafatsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri libakeng tse ikhethileng tsa Poland. Ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko hore litefiso tsa ho kenya thepa ha se tsona feela makhetho a sebetsang ha o tlisa thepa Poland. Lekhetho la Value Added Tax (VAT) le lona le lefisoa ka litefiso tse fapaneng ho latela mofuta oa sehlahisoa. Litefiso tsa VAT naheng ea Poland li tloha ho 5% ho isa ho 23%, 'me thepa e ngata e tlas'a sekhahla se tloaelehileng sa 23%. Leha ho le joalo, lintho tse ling tse kang lihlahisoa tsa lijo kapa libuka li ka lefisoa lekhetho ka litefiso tse tlase. Poland e boetse e sebelisa litlhoko tsa laesense ea kantle ho naha bakeng sa mekhahlelo e itseng ea lihlahisoa tse joalo ka lithunya, liqhomane, lithethefatsi kapa lik'hemik'hale. Barekisi ba kantle ba tlameha ho fumana lilaesense ho tsoa ho balaoli ba amehang pele lihlahisoa tsena li ka kena ka har'a naha ka molao. Ka kakaretso, ho utloisisa maano a lekhetho a tsoang kantle ho naha a Poland ho hloka tsebo ea melaoana ea EU le litumellano tsa khoebo tsa machabeng tse susumetsang sebopeho sa eona sa litefiso. Ho eletsoa hore likhoebo tse rerileng ho romela thepa kantle ho naha ho batla thuso ea litsebi kapa ho shebana le mehloli ea semmuso ka kotloloho joalo ka balaoli ba lekhetho la Poland bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng le ea morao-rao mabapi le litefiso le litlhoko tse amanang le lihlahisoa tsa bona tse ikhethileng.
Melao ea lekhetho ea kantle ho naha
Poland ke naha e Europe Bohareng 'me e tsebahala ka lefapha la eona le matla la thomello. Naha e kentse tšebetsong maano a 'maloa a lekhetho a amanang le thomello ea thepa kantle ho naha. 1. Lekhetho la Keketso ea Boleng (VAT): Poland e beha lekhetho la boleng bo eketsehileng ho thepa le litšebeletso tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa le thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha. Sekhahla se tloaelehileng sa VAT hajoale ke 23%, empa ho na le litefiso tse fokolitsoeng tsa 5% le 8% bakeng sa lintho tse itseng tse kang libuka, meriana, le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa temo. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho romela thepa kantle ho European Union (EU), likhoebo tsa Poland li ka etsa kopo ea VAT ea sekgahla sa zero litšebelisanong tsena. 2. Lekhetho la Lekhetho: Poland e lefisa lekhetho lihlahisoa tse itseng tse kang joala, koae, lino tse matlafatsang le mafura. Makhetho ana hangata a lefshoa ke bahlahisi ba malapeng kapa ba tsoang kantle ho naha pele lihlahisoa li fihla matsohong a bareki. Bakeng sa thepa e reretsoeng ho romelloa ka har'a EU kapa ka ntle ho eona, litefiso tsena tsa thepa li ka fokotsoa kapa tsa buseletsoa ka ho tlatsa litokomane tse nepahetseng le balaoli ba amehang. 3.Mesebetsi ea ho Romela kantle ho naha: Hajoale, Poland ha e qobelle mesebetsi leha e le efe ea ho romela thepa ho thepa e ngata e tlohang sebakeng sa eona. Leha ho le joalo, lisebelisoa tse itseng tse khethehileng tse kang lifate li ka 'na tsa lefisoa lichelete tsa tikoloho kapa lekhetho haeba li romelloa ka ntle ho moeli o itseng o behiloeng ke 'muso. 4. Litšenyehelo tsa Lekhetho: E le karolo ea tumellano ea EU's Customs Union eo Poland e bileng setho sa eona ho tloha ha e kena ka 2004, ha ho lekhetho la lekhetho le behiloeng lipakeng tsa meeli ea linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EU ha ho hoeba le tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, lekhetho la lekhetho le ntse le sebetsa ha ho romelloa thepa ho tloha Poland ho ea linaheng tseo e seng tsa EU ho latela litumellano tsa bona tsa khoebo kapa maano. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore melaoana ea lekhetho e ka fetoha ho latela maemo a moruo le lintho tse tlang pele ho naha; ka hona, ho lula u nchafalitsoe le balaoli ba taolo ea Poland ho ba bohlokoa ha u ntse u etsa mesebetsi ea khoebo ea machaba e amanang le thepa e tsoang Poland.
Ho hlokahala litifikeiti bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle
Poland, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Poland, ke naha ea Europe e Europe Bohareng. E na le moruo o matla le o fapaneng o hatellang haholo tlhahiso le thepa ea kantle. E le ho netefatsa boleng le ho latela melao ea thepa ea eona e romelloang kantle ho naha, Poland e sebelisitse mekhoa e mengata ea ho fana ka setifikeiti. Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho romela thepa ho tsoa Poland, lik'hamphani li hloka ho fumana Setifikeiti sa Export. Setifikeiti sena se tiisa hore dihlahiswa di fihlella maemo a itseng a boleng mme di latela melawana e teng. Ts'ebetso ea ho fana ka setifikeiti e hlokometsoe ke balaoli ba amehang ba Poland joalo ka Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PARP) le mekhatlo e fapaneng e ikhethileng indastering. Litlhoko tse ikhethileng bakeng sa setifikeiti sa kantle ho naha lia fapana ho latela mofuta oa sehlahisoa se romelloang kantle ho naha. Mohlala, lihlahisoa tsa temo li tlameha ho latela melaoana e behiloeng ke State Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service (PIORiN), athe lijo li hloka ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa polokeho tse behiloeng ke mekhatlo e kang National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI). Ho fumana setifikeiti sa kantle ho naha, likhoebo li tlameha ho fana ka litokomane tse felletseng mabapi le lihlahisoa tsa bona, ho kenyeletsoa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, metsoako e sebelisoang (haeba e hlokahala), thepa ea ho paka, maemo a polokelo le litlhoko tsa ho ngola. Ho feta moo, lik'hamphani li ka ba tlas'a tlhahlobo ea setšeng kapa tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa e etsoang ke lilaboratori tse lumelletsoeng. Ho ba le setifikeiti sa kantle ho naha ho eketsa ts'epo ho lihlahisoa tsa Poland limmarakeng tsa machaba kaha ho tiisetsa bareki hore ba reka thepa ea boleng bo holimo e lumellanang le litekanyetso tsa taolo. Ho feta moo, linaha tse ling li ka ba tsa hloka litifikeiti tsena molemong oa tumello ea lekhetho. Qetellong, Poland e beha bohlokoa bo boholo ho netefatsa hore thepa ea eona e romelloang kantle ho naha e fihlela maemo a hlokahalang ka ho fumana litifikeiti tsa kantle ho naha. Sena se thusa ho theha tšepo har'a bareki ba machabeng ha ba ntse ba khothaletsa khoebo ea Poland lefatšeng ka bophara.
Lisebelisoa tse khothalelitsoeng
Poland ke naha e Europe Bohareng 'me e tsebahala ka boteng ba eona bo matla indastering ea thepa le lipalangoang. Litlhahiso tse ling tsa litšebeletso tsa thepa Poland ke tsena: 1. DHL: DHL ke e 'ngoe ea litsi tse ka sehloohong tse fanang ka thepa lefatšeng ka bophara 'me e na le boteng ba bohlokoa Poland. Ba fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebeletso tse kenyelletsang ho tsamaisa thepa ka kotloloho, lipalangoang tsa thepa, taolo ea phepelo ea thepa, le tharollo ea e-commerce. Ka marang-rang a bona a pharaletseng le lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale, DHL e fana ka lits'ebeletso tse tšepahalang le tse sebetsang hantle tsa thepa. 2. FedEx: K'hamphani e 'ngoe e tsebahalang ea machaba e tsamaisang melaetsa e sebetsang Poland ke FedEx. Ba fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa phano bakeng sa thomello ea lapeng le ea machabeng. FedEx e fana ka litharollo tse ikhethileng ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa khoebo tse joalo ka ho tsamaisoa ka nako e itseng, thuso ea tumello ea thepa, ho boloka le ho aba. 3. Polish Post (Poczta Polska): Tšebeletso ea poso ea naha ea Poland e boetse e fana ka litharollo tsa lisebelisoa tse kenyeletsang ho fana ka liphutheloana ka hare ho naha hammoho le likhetho tsa machaba tsa ho romela thepa. Polish Post e na le marang-rang a pharaletseng a makala a etsang hore e fihlellehe habonolo ho bareki ho pholletsa le naha. 4. DB Schenker: DB Schenker ke mofani oa thepa ea lefats'e ea nang le ts'ebetso Poland e fanang ka litšebeletso tse felletseng tsa lipalangoang le tsa thepa joalo ka thepa ea sefofane, ea maoatle, lipalangoang tsa mebileng, polokelo ea thepa, thepa ea konteraka, khoebo ea ho rekisa thepa, le taolo ea phepelo ea thepa. 5. Rhenus Logistics: Rhenus Logistics e sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho fana ka litharollo tse kopanetsoeng tsa ho qetela ho isa qetellong tse lokiselitsoeng ho finyella litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa bareki ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng ho kenyeletsa thepa ea likoloi, ea thekiso le ea bareki, tlhokomelo ea bophelo le meriana har'a tse ling. 6 .GEFCO: Sehlopha sa GEFCO se fana ka ditharollo tsa ketane ya phepelo ya lefatshe lohle bakeng sa makala a diindaseteri a kang a makoloi; sepakapaka; high tech; tlhokomelo ea bophelo; lihlahisoa tsa indasteri joalo-joalo Ba na le liofisi tse 'maloa ho pholletsa le Poland tse fanang ka tšehetso ea boleng bo holimo ea ho qetela Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela ea bafani ba litšebeletso tsa thepa ba sebetsang hantle Poland. Kamehla ho bohlokoa ho etsa lipatlisiso tse nepahetseng ho latela litlhoko tsa hau tsa khoebo pele u khetha mofani ofe kapa ofe ea itseng oa litšebeletso. Qetellong, 'Ha u khetha mofani oa litšebeletso tsa thepa Poland, ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka lintlha tse kang ts'ebetso ea marang-rang, ho tšepahala, ho boloka litšenyehelo, tlaleho ea ts'ebetso, le bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea thepa le thepa'.
Mecha ea ntlafatso ea bareki

Lipontšo tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo

Poland ke naha e Europe Bohareng e fanang ka liteishene tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tsa theko ea machaba le lipontšo tsa khoebo bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho holisa phihlello ea tsona. Ka sebaka sa eona sa leano, moruo o tsitsitseng, le khatello e matla ho thekenoloji le boqapi, Poland e fetohile sebaka se khahlang bakeng sa bareki ba lefats'e. Mona ke tse ling tsa liteishene tsa bohlokoa tsa theko ea machaba le lipontšo tsa khoebo Poland: 1. Trade Fairs Poland: Enoa ke e mong oa bahlophisi ba ka sehloohong ba lipontšo tsa khoebo tsa machaba naheng ena. Ba tšoara liketsahalo makaleng a fapaneng a indasteri joalo ka temo, kaho, ho lokisa lijo, mechini, likoloi, masela le tse ling. 2. International Fair Plovdiv (IFP): IFP ke ketsahalo ea selemo le selemo e tšoareloang Poznan e hohelang bareki ba machaba ba tsoang mafapheng a fapaneng a kang la elektroniki, tlhahiso ea thepa ea ka tlung, mehloli ea matla a ka nchafatsoang, litšebeletso/lihlahisoa tsa IT. 3. Matsatsi a Khoebo a Warsaw: Ke ketsahalo e khethehileng e shebaneng le likopano tsa khoebo ho ea khoebong bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa Poland le tsa linaha tse ling tse nang le thahasello ea ho haha ​​​​tšebelisano 'moho kapa ho fumana lihlahisoa tse tsoang ho baetsi ba Poland. 4. Matsatsi a Tala: Pontšo ena e bonts'a lihlahisoa kapa lits'ebeletso tse bolokang tikoloho le lits'ebeletso tse tsoang liindastering tse fapaneng joalo ka lits'ebetso tse nchafalitsoeng tsa matla (liphanele tsa letsatsi), lisebelisoa tsa ho paka tse baballang tikoloho (lipolasetiki tse senyehang), lisebelisoa tsa kaho tse tšoarellang (mapolanka). 5. Digitalk: Ketsahalo ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho litharollo tsa ho bapatsa tsa dijithale joalo ka matšolo a papatso ea litaba tsa sechaba tse shebaneng le palo ea batho kapa libaka tse itseng ka liforomo tse kang Facebook Ads kapa Google AdWords. 6. E-commerce Expo Warsaw: Ha lekala la e-commerce le hola ka potlako lefatšeng ka bophara; pontšo ena e fana ka menyetla ea hore likhoebo li hlahlobe litšebelisano tse ka bang teng le lik'hamphani tsa Poland tse sebetsanang le liforomo tsa thekiso ea marang-rang. 7. Lipontšo tsa Khoebo ea Machabeng ea Lifanicha: Poland e na le lipontšo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tsa thepa ea ka tlung tse kang Meble Polska - International Furniture Fair e fanang ka sethala ho bonts'a meralo le mekhoa e metle e fanang ka litlhoko tsa bolulo le tsa khoebo; e hohela barekisi ba lefats'e ba batlang barekisi / barekisi ba bacha. 8.Auto Moto Show Kraków: E kopanya litsebi tsa indasteri ea likoloi tse bonts'ang mekhoa ea bona ea morao-rao ea theknoloji / mekhoa e mecha e amanang le likoloi / lithuthuthu; ke monyetla o babatsehang bakeng sa bareki ba machaba ba batlang ho fumana lisebelisoa tsa likoloi kapa ho hlahloba likamano tsa khoebo. 9.Beke ea Indasteri ea Warsaw: Ke e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse ikhethileng indastering ea Poland, e hohelang litsebi tse tsoang mafapheng a fapaneng joalo ka tlhahiso ea mechini, thepa, li-automation & robotics. Lipontšo li ka hokahana le bareki le barekisi ba ka bang teng. 10. Likopano tsa B2B: Ntle le lipontšo tsa khoebo le lipontšo, Poland e boetse e fana ka menyetla ea likopano tse tobileng tsa khoebo tse hlophisitsoeng ke Chamber of Commerce/Trade Associations ho tsamaisa litšebelisano pakeng tsa barekisi ba Poland le bareki ba machaba. Qetellong, Poland e fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea liteishene tsa theko ea machaba le lipontšo tsa khoebo tse sebetsanang le liindasteri tse fapaneng. Sena se lumella likhoebo tse tsoang lefats'eng ka bophara ho lekola litšebelisano tse ka bang teng, lihlahisoa / lits'ebeletso, le ho holisa boteng ba bona ba 'maraka oa lefats'e.
Poland, joalo ka naha e Europe Bohareng, e na le lienjineri tse 'maloa tse sebelisoang hangata. Mona ke lethathamo la tse ling tsa lienjineri tse tsebahalang tsa ho batla Poland hammoho le li-URL tsa sebaka sa bona sa Marang-rang: 1. Google Poland: Mofuta oa Sepolishe oa enjine ea ho batla e sebelisoang haholo. Webosaete: www.google.pl 2. Onet.pl: Sebaka sa marang-rang se tsebahalang sa Poland le enjine ea ho batla. Websaeteng: www.onet.pl 3. WP.pl: Sebaka se seng se tsebahalang sa marang-rang sa Poland se fanang ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng ho kenyelletsa ho batla. Websaeteng: www.wp.pl 4. Interia.pl: Mofani oa litšebeletso tsa Marang-rang oa Poland ea fanang ka enjene ea ho batla. Websaeteng: www.interia.pl 5. DuckDuckGo PL (https://duckduckgo.com/?q=pl): Enjine ea ho batla e shebaneng le lekunutu e shebaneng le ho se latelle data ea mosebelisi. 6. Bing (Sebaka sa Poland): Mofuta o mong oa Microsoft ho Google, o fumaneha le sebakeng sa Poland. Webosaete (khetha sebaka sa Poland): www.bing.com 7. Yandex Polska (https://yandex.com.tr/polska/): Yandex ke khamphani e thehiloeng Russia mme phetolelo ea eona ea Sepolishe e fana ka liphetho tsa lehae bakeng sa basebelisi ba Poland. 8. Allegro Search (https://allegrosearch.allegrogroup.com/): Allegro ke sethala se tsebahalang sa e-commerce Poland mme mosebetsi oa sona oa ho batla o lumella basebelisi ho fumana lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso. Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela ea lienjineri tsa ho batla tse sebelisoang hangata Poland, empa ho ka ba le tse ling hape ho ipapisitse le likhetho tse ikhethileng kapa litlhoko tsa tikoloho tsa batho kapa likhoebo tsa naha. Ka kopo hlokomela hore lintlha tsena li ka fetoha ha theknoloji e ntse e fetoha, kahoo kamehla ho khothaletsoa ho hlahloba mehloli e tšepahalang ho fumana lintlha tsa morao-rao mabapi le lienjineri tsa lipatlisiso tse tsebahalang naheng efe kapa efe ho kenyeletsoa le Poland.

Maqephe a maholo a mosehla

Bukana ea mantlha ea Yellow Pages ea Poland e na le liforomo tse ngata tse fumanehang marang-rang tse thusang basebelisi ho fumana likhoebo, lits'ebeletso le lintlha tsa mabitso. Mona ke ba bang ba hlahelletseng hammoho le li-URL tsa sebaka sa bona sa marang-rang: 1. GoldenLine.pl (https://www.goldenline.pl/) - GoldenLine ke sebaka sa marang-rang se tsebahalang sa profeshenale sa Poland se fanang ka libuka tsa khoebo, lethathamo la mesebetsi, le lintlha tsa mabitso bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse fapaneng. 2. Pkt.pl (https://www.pkt.pl/) - Pkt.pl e fana ka bukana e pharaletseng ea maqephe a mosehla bakeng sa likhoebo tsa Poland. E lumella basebelisi ho batla lik'hamphani ka mabitso, sehlopha, kapa sebaka. 3. Feme ea Panorama (http://panoramafirm.pl/) - Panorama Firm ke e 'ngoe ea libuka tsa khoebo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Poland tse nang le lintlha tsa puisano le tlhahisoleseling mabapi le likhoebo tse fapaneng ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng. 4. Książka Telefoniczna (http://ksiazka-telefoniczna.com/) - Książka Telefoniczna ke mofuta oa inthaneteng oa bukana ea mohala oa Poland moo basebelisi ba ka batlang linomoro tsa mohala kapa likhoebo ka mabitso kapa sebaka. 5. BiznesFinder (https://www.biznesfinder.pl/) - BiznesFinder ke sethala sa marang-rang se fanang ka tlhaiso-leseling e felletseng mabapi le lik'hamphani tse sebetsang Poland, ho kenyeletsoa lintlha tsa bona, lihlahisoa/lits'ebeletso tse fanoang, le lintlha tsa mabitso. 6. Zumi.pl (https://www.zumi.pl/) - Zumi e fana ka lethathamo le fapaneng la likhoebo tsa lehae hammoho le limmapa le litaelo tse thusang ho tataisa basebelisi ho fumana libaka kapa litšebeletso tse itseng tseo ba li hlokang. 7. YellowPages PL (https://yellowpages-pl.cybo.com/)- YellowPages PL e fana ka manane a khoebo ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo e fapaneng naheng ka bophara ha e ntse e fana ka maikutlo a basebelisi le litekanyetso ho thusa ho tataisa mekhoa ea bareki ea ho etsa liqeto. Liwebsaete tsena li fana ka marang-rang a felletseng a akaretsang libaka tse fapaneng ka hare ho Poland; e nolofalletsa basebelisi ho fumana bafani ba ba batlang ho ipapisitse le maemo a ikhethileng joalo ka mofuta oa indasteri, boiketlo ba sebaka kapa lintlha tsa bareki.

Li-platform tse kholo tsa khoebo

Poland, e Europe Bohareng, e na le 'maraka o tsoetseng pele oa e-commerce o nang le li-platform tse ngata tse kholo tsa inthanete. Mona ke tse ling tsa li-platform tsa e-commerce tsa Poland hammoho le li-URL tsa sebaka sa bona sa marang-rang: 1. Allegro (www.allegro.pl): Allegro ke 'maraka o moholo le o tsebahalang haholo oa Maraka oa Poland. E fana ka mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa, ho kenyelletsa le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, feshene, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, le tse ling. 2. OLX (www.olx.pl): OLX ke sebaka sa liphatlalatso se ikhethileng moo basebelisi ba ka rekang le ho rekisa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng ho tsoa mekhahlelong e fapaneng joalo ka likoloi, thekiso ea matlo, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le thepa ea ka tlung. 3. Ceneo (www.ceneo.pl): Ceneo ke enjine ea ho reka e bapisang e lumellang basebelisi ho bapisa litheko le ho fumana litheko tse ntle ka ho fetisisa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tse tsoang mabenkeleng a fapaneng a Marang-rang a Poland. 4. Zalando (www.zalando.pl): Zalando ke sethala sa machaba sa feshene se fanang ka liaparo, lieta, lisebelisuoa tsa banna, basali le bana ba tsoang malapeng le linaheng tse ling. 5. Empik (www.empik.com): Empik ke e mong oa barekisi ba baholo ba Poland ba fanang ka libuka, lialbamo tsa mmino & li-DVD/Blu-Rays lifilimi hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse kang li-smartphone kapa li-e-reader. 6. RTV EURO AGD (www.euro.com.pl): RTV EURO AGD e sebetsa ka thata ho rekisa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa bareki joalo ka li-TV, lihatsetsi kapa metjhini e hlatsoang hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki joalo ka li-smartphone kapa lilaptop. 7. MediaMarkt (mediamarkt.pl) - MediaMarkt ke morekisi e mong ea tummeng ea shebaneng le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa ntlo. 8. Decathlon (decathlon.pl) - Decathlon e fana ka mefuta e mengata ea thepa ea lipapali bakeng sa mesebetsi e kang ho matha, ho palama baesekele kapa ho sesa ho pholletsa le mefuta e fapaneng ea litheko. 9 .E-obuwie(https://eobuwie.com.pl/) - E-obuwie e sebetsana haholo le lieta tsa banna, basali kapa bana ba fanang ka mefuta e mengata ea mefuta le mefuta. Li-platform tsena li fana ka mokhoa o bonolo le o sireletsehileng oa hore bareki ba Poland ba reke marang-rang, ba fana ka likhetho tse fapaneng tsa lihlahisoa le litheko tse phahameng.

Mecha ea litaba e kholo ea sechaba

Poland e na le liforomo tse fapaneng tsa litaba tsa sechaba moo batho ba ka hokahanang le ho ikopanya. Mona ke tse ling tsa liforomo tse tsebahalang tsa litaba tsa sechaba Poland hammoho le li-URL tsa sebaka sa bona sa marang-rang: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) - Facebook ke sebaka sa marang-rang se sebelisoang haholo Poland, se fanang ka likarolo tse fapaneng joalo ka ho arolelana lintho, linepe, livideo le ho hokahana le metsoalle. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com) - Instagram ke sesebelisoa se tsebahalang sa ho arolelana linepe naheng ea Poland. Basebelisi ba beha linepe le livideo ha ba ntse ba buisana le ba bang ka maikutlo le lintho tseo ba li ratang. 3. Twitter (www.twitter.com) - Twitter e lumella basebelisi ho arolelana melaetsa e khutšoanyane e bitsoang li-tweets. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lintlafatso tsa nako ea 'nete mabapi le litaba, liketsahalo le maikutlo a Poland. 4. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) - LinkedIn ke sebaka sa marang-rang sa litsebi se lumellang basebelisi ho iketsetsa litlaleho tsa bona tsa litsebi, ho ikopanya le basebetsi-'moho, ho fumana menyetla ea mesebetsi, le ho kenya letsoho lipuisanong tse amanang le indasteri. 5. Wykop (www.wykop.pl) - Wykop ke sebaka sa marang-rang sa litaba tsa sechaba sa Poland moo basebelisi ba ka sibollang le ho arolelana lingoliloeng kapa likhokahano tse amanang le litaba tse fapaneng joalo ka theknoloji, litaba, boithabiso, jj. 6. GoldenLine (www.goldenline.pl) - GoldenLine ke sethala sa marang-rang sa setsebi se ts'oanang le LinkedIn empa se tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo 'marakeng oa mesebetsi oa Poland. Basebelisi ba ka bonts'a litsebo tsa bona kapa ba batle bahiri kapa basebetsi ba ka bang teng naheng ea Poland. 7. NK.pl (nk.pl) - NK.pl ke e 'ngoe ea marang-rang a khale ka ho fetisisa a Poland moo batho ba ka iketsetsang li-profiles ho hokahana le metsoalle ka likarolo tsa melaetsa hammoho le ho arolelana linepe kapa livideo. 8. Nasza Klasa (nk24.naszkola.edu.pl/index.php/klasa0ucznia/) - Qalong e etselitsoe ho hokahanya bao e kileng ea e-ba liithuti-'moho le bona inthaneteng ("nasza klasa" e bolela "sehlopha sa rona" ka Sepolishe), e fetohile sethaleng se pharaletseng sa sechaba. ho thusa batho ka bomong ho sebelisana ka melaetsa kapa ka lihlopha tse nang le thahasello. 9.Tumblr(tumblr.com) -Tumblr ke sethala sa blogging moo basebelisi ba ka arolelanang litaba tsa multimedia joalo ka lifoto, livideo le li-post tsa li-blog tsa mofuta o mokhuts'oane. E tumme haholo har'a bacha ba Poland. 10. Snapchat (www.snapchat.com) - Snapchat ke sesebelisoa sa melaetsa sa multimedia se sebelisoang haholo Poland ho arolelana linepe le livideo le metsoalle kapa ho beha lipale tse nyamelang kamora lihora tse 24. Hopola hore liforomo tsa litaba tsa sechaba li ka fapana ka botumo le ts'ebeliso ha nako e ntse e ea, kahoo ho molemo ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho lula u nchafalitsoe ka mekhoa ea morao-rao ea boemo ba litaba tsa sechaba Poland.

Mekhatlo e meholo ea indasteri

Poland, e le naha e nang le moruo o fapaneng le o matla, e na le mekhatlo e mengata ea indasteri e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho ts'ehetsa le ho khothaletsa mafapha a fapaneng. Tse ling tsa mekhatlo e meholo ea indasteri ea Poland ke: 1. Polish Confederation Lewiatan - Ke e 'ngoe ea mekhatlo e meholo ea bahiri naheng ea Poland 'me e emela lithahasello tsa beng ba likhoebo ho pholletsa le makala a fapaneng. Webosaete: https://www.lewiatan.pl/en/homepage 2. Polish Chamber of Commerce (KIG) - KIG ke mokhatlo o tšehetsang tsoelo-pele ea khoebo le tšebelisano-'moho ea machaba ka ho fana ka menyetla ea marang-rang, tlhahisoleseding le tsebo ho litho tsa eona. Webosaete: https://kig.pl/en/ 3. Mokhatlo oa Lienjiniere tsa Motlakase tsa Poland (SEP) - SEP e emela litsebi tse sebetsang boenjiniere ba motlakase le liindasteri tse amanang le tsona, tse ikemiselitseng ho ntšetsa pele lipatlisiso, nts'etsopele, thuto le ts'ebetsong ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele. Webosaete: http://www.sep.com.pl/language/en/ 4. Association of Engineers and Technicians of Motorization (SIMP) - SIMP e kopanya ditsebi tse tswang lekaleng la makoloi ho fapanyetsana tsebo le diphihlelo mabapi le tswelopele ya thekenoloji dikoloing. Webosaete: http://simp.org.pl/english-version/ 5. Mokhatlo oa Tšehetso ea Ntšetso-pele "EKOLAND" - EKOLAND e khothalletsa mekhoa ea tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng e kang eco-innovation, tharollo ea matla a tsosolositsoeng, mekhoa ea ho laola litšila ha e ntse e khothalletsa maano a se nang tikoloho har'a likhoebo. Webosaete: http://ekoland.orbit.net.pl/english-2/ 6. Mokhatlo oa Polish Industrial Gas Association (SIGAZ) - SIGAZ e emela lik'hamphani tse amehang tlhahisong ea khase, moralo oa tsamaiso le ho kenya lisebelisoa hammoho le ho fana ka keletso litabeng tse amanang le khase. Webosaete: https://www.sigaz.org/?lang=en 7. Warsaw Destination Alliance (WDA) - WDA e phahamisa lekala la bohahlauli la Warsaw ka ho theha maemo a matle bakeng sa beng ba lihotele/bareki ba lireschorente ka tšebelisano 'moho le litsi tsa mmuso le likhoebo tsa bahahlauli. Webosaete: https://warsawnetwork.org/en/about-us/ 8. Union Of Entrepreneurs And Employer Organizations Of Poland (ZPP) - ZPP e fana ka ts'ehetso ea khoebo, ho beha leihlo phetoho ea melao le ho buella lintlafatso hammoho le ho phahamisa maikutlo a khoebo. Webosaete: https://www.zpp.net.pl/en/ Mekhatlo ena e bonts'a mefuta e fapaneng ea makala le liindasteri tsa Poland. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lenane ha le felle, kaha ho na le mekhatlo e mengata ea indasteri e sebetsang Poland ho itšetlehile ka likarolo tse itseng kapa litsebi.

Liwebsaete tsa khoebo le tsa khoebo

Poland, e le naha e atlehileng ea Europe, e na le li-ports tse ’maloa tsa moruo le tsa khoebo tse fanang ka boitsebiso ba bohlokoa le lisebelisoa bakeng sa likhoebo. Mona ke liwebosaete tse hlahelletseng tsa moruo le tsa khoebo naheng ea Poland hammoho le li-URL tse tsamaellanang le tsona: 1. Setsi sa Matsete le Khoebo sa Poland (PAIH) - Setsi sa semmuso sa mmuso se ikarabellang bakeng sa ho khothaletsa matsete a kantle ho naha Poland. Webosaete: https://www.trade.gov.pl/en 2. Ofisi e Bohareng ea Lipalo-palo (GUS) - E fana ka lintlha tse felletseng tsa lipalo-palo mabapi le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa moruo oa Poland. Webosaete: https://stat.gov.pl/en/ 3. Warsaw Stock Exchange (GPW) - Khoebo e kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe Bohareng, e fanang ka tlhahisoleseding ea 'maraka, lethathamo la lik'hamphani, le litšebeletso tsa khoebo. Webosaete: https://www.gpw.pl/home 4. National Bank of Poland (NBP) - Banka e bohareng ea Poland e fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le leano la lichelete, botsitso ba lichelete, lipalo-palo le melaoana. Webosaete: https://www.nbp.pl/home.aspx?f=/en/index.html 5.Poland-Export Portal- Buka e kopanyang barekisi ba Poland le bareki ba machabeng ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa temo, liminerale, mechini, masela, le tse ling. Webosaete: https://poland-export.com/ 6.Poland Chamber of Commerce(ICP)- Mokhatlo o tšehetsang borakhoebo ka ho fana ka menyetla ea marang-rang, boeletsi ba khoebo, litšebeletso, le boiteko Webosaete: http://ir.mpzlkp.cameralab.info/ 7.Pracuj.pl- E 'ngoe ea li-portal tsa pele tsa mosebetsi naheng ea Poland moo bahiri ba ka romellang lits'ebeletso tsa mosebetsi ha batho ka bomong ba ka batla menyetla e nepahetseng ea mosebetsi. Webosaete: https://www.pracuj.pl/en. 8.Hlonline24- Sebaka sa 'maraka sa ho reka kapa ho rekisa lihlahisoa tse ngata tse tsoang liindastering tse fapaneng joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, feshene, lisebelisoa, thepa ea ka tlung, le tse ling. Webosaete: http://hlonline24.com/. Liwebsaete tsena li fana ka leseli la bohlokoa moruong oa Poland, menyetla ea matsete, maano a mmuso, limmaraka tse kholo, mebaraka ea basebetsi, libuka tsa khoebo, lipalopalo tsa khoebo, litlaleho tsa data, le tse ling. Hopola ho etela e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea liwebsaete tsena ho hlahloba linyehelo tsa tsona tse ikhethileng le ho lula u nchafalitsoe ka lintlha tsa morao-rao tse amanang le moruo le khoebo ea Poland.

Liwebosaete tsa lipotso tsa khoebo

Ho na le liwebosaete tse 'maloa tsa lipotso tsa khoebo tse fumanehang Poland. Mehlala e 'maloa ke ena hammoho le liaterese tsa bona tsa sebaka sa marang-rang: 1. Ofisi e Bohareng ea Lipalopalo (Główny Urząd Statystyczny) - www.stat.gov.pl - Webosaete ea semmuso ea ofisi ea lipalopalo ea mmuso oa Poland e fana ka lipalo-palo tse felletseng tsa khoebo, ho kenyeletsoa lintlha tse tsoang kantle ho naha le tsa kantle ho naha, litekanyo tsa khoebo, le tlhaiso-leseling e ikhethileng ea lekala. 2. Trade Map - www.trademap.org - E tsamaisoa ke Setsi sa Khoebo sa Machabeng (ITC), sethala sena se fana ka lipalo-palo tse felletseng tsa khoebo bakeng sa Poland, ho kenyeletsoa le balekane ba holimo ba khoebo, lihlahisoa tse romelloang kantle ho naha, le matšoao a bohlokoa joalo ka litefiso le mehato eo e seng ea litefiso. . 3. Export Genius - www.exportgenius.in - Sebaka sena sa Marang-rang se fana ka phihlello ho data ea nalane le ea nako ea nnete ea khoebo ea Poland. E akaretsa lintlha tse fapaneng joalo ka likhoutu tsa HS, litlhahlobo tsa bohlale ba lihlahisoa, likou tse kholo tsa ho kena/ho tsoa, ​​linaha tseo u eang ho tsona khoebong. 4. Eurostat Comext Database - ec.europa.eu/eurostat/comext/ - Eurostat ke ofisi ea lipalo-palo ea European Union (EU), e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho fana ka lipalo-palo tse qaqileng tsa khoebo har'a linaha tsa litho. Database ea Comext e kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseling e batsi mabapi le thepa le thepa e tsoang kantle ho EU ea Poland. 5. UN Comtrade Database - comtrade.un.org/Data/SelectionModules.aspx?di=10&ds=2&r=616-620&lg=13&px=default_no_result_tabs_csv_demoPluginViewEnabled&VW=T E fanoe ke United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), sethala sena se lumella basebelisi ho fihlella data ea khoebo ea lefats'e joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe ke linaha ka botsona-ho kenyeletsoa le Poland-e koahelang thepa e arotsoeng tlas'a litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa mekhahlelo joalo ka likhoutu tsa HS kapa SITC. Ka kopo hlokomela hore lenane lena ha le feletse mme ho ka 'na ha e-ba le liwebsaete tse ling tse nang le likarolo tse tšoanang kapa tse eketsehileng ho finyella litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng tsa khoebo mabapi le Poland.

Li-platform tsa B2b

Poland, ho na le liforomo tse 'maloa tsa B2B tse sebetsanang le likhoebo le ho tsamaisa mesebetsi ea khoebo. Mona ke tse ling tsa tse hlahelletseng: 1. eFirma.pl (https://efirma.pl) eFirma ke sethala sa B2B naheng ea Poland se fanang ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng tsa khoebo joalo ka ngoliso ea k'hamphani, accounting, tšehetso ea molao, le tse ling. 2. GlobalBroker (https://www.globalbroker.pl/) GlobalBroker e fana ka 'maraka oa B2B moo likhoebo li ka fumanang lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng ho tsoa ho barekisi ho liindasteri tse fapaneng tsa Poland. 3. TradeIndia (https://www.tradeindia.com/Seller/Poland/) TradeIndia ke 'maraka oa marang-rang oa B2B o hokahanyang bareki ba Poland le barekisi ba machabeng. E fana ka lihlahisoa tse ngata tse fapaneng 'me e thusa liindasteri tse fapaneng. 4. DDTech (http://ddtech.pl/) DDTech ke sethala se etelletseng pele sa B2B naheng ea Poland se sebetsanang le lits'ebeletso le tharollo ea IT. E hokahanya likhoebo le bafani ba theknoloji bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea software, moralo oa webo, nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa mehala, jj. 5. Otafogo (https://otafogo.com/pl) Otafogo ke sethala sa boiqapelo sa B2B se shebaneng le ho hokahanya bareki ba Poland le barekisi ba Machaena bakeng sa mesebetsi ea kantle ho naha ho tsoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa. 6. BiznesPartnerski (http://biznespartnerski.pl/) BiznesPartnerski e sebetsa e le bukana ea lik'hamphani tsa Poland tse batlang ho theha likamano tsa khoebo ka hare ho naha kapa kantle ho naha ka ho thathamisa menyetla e ka bang teng ea tšebelisano. 7. Gemius Business Intelligence (https://www.gemius.com/business-intelligence.html) Gemius Business Intelligence e fana ka lintlha tsa lipatlisiso tsa 'maraka le tlhahlobo bakeng sa likhoebo tse sebetsang Poland ka sethala sa eona sa Marang-rang se etselitsoeng lintlha tsa' maraka ka ho khetheha. Li-platform tsena li fana ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ho thusa likhoebo ho hokahana le bao e ka bang balekane kapa barekisi ka har'a 'maraka oa Poland kapa ho holisa phihlello ea bona lefatšeng ka bophara.
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