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Limmaraka tse ka Sehloohong
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Kakaretso ea Naha
Spain, e tsejoang ka molao e le 'Muso oa Spain, ke naha e ka boroa-bophirima ho Europe. E moeling oa Portugal ka bophirima le Fora ka leboea-bochabela. Spain e boetse e arolelana meeli le Andorra le Gibraltar. Ka sebaka sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse ka bang 505,990, Spain ke naha ea bone e kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe. E na le sebaka se fapaneng sa naha se kenyeletsang lithaba tse kang Pyrenees le Sierra Nevada, hammoho le mabopo a matle a haufi le Leoatle la Mediterranean le Leoatle la Atlantic. Naha e boetse e na le lihlekehleke tse fapaneng tse kang Lihlekehleke tsa Balearic tse Mediterranean le Lihlekehleke tsa Canary tse lebopong le ka leboea-bophirima ho Afrika. Spain e na le baahi ba ka bang limilione tse 47 mme Madrid e le motse-moholo oa eona. Puo ea molao ke Sepanishe, leha lipuo tse 'maloa tsa libaka tse kang Catalan, Galician, Basque le tsona li buuoa ke likarolo tse kholo tsa libaka tsa bona. Spain e tsebahala ka nalane ea eona e ruileng le setso sa eona sa setso. E kile ea e-ba e 'ngoe ea lichaba tse matla ka ho fetisisa historing ea lefats'e nakong ea lipatlisiso le likolone ho tloha lilemong tse makholo tse fetileng tse ileng tsa siea tšusumetso linaheng tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara ho kenyeletsa le Amerika Boroa ka phapanyetsano ea setso e kang ho phatlalatsoa ha puo kapa meralo ea meralo. Moruo oa Spain o har'a e 'ngoe ea litho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa ka hare ho European Union(EU) tse nang le makala a kang bohahlauli a bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa e lateloang ke indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likoloi kapa indasteri ea masela, empa e ile ea tobana le mathata ka mor'a mathata a lichelete a lefats'e (2008-2009). Haufinyane tjena e bonts'itse kholo e tsitsitseng pele ho covid ka lebaka la matsapa a fapaneng ho tsoa mafapheng a fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa matla a tsosolositsoeng a ntseng a eketseha le haufinyane tjena. Spain e amohela meetlo e fapa-fapaneng ho pholletsa le libaka tsa eona empa e arolelana mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea setso e kang ho ananela mefuta ea tantši ea 'mino oa flamenco kapa lijo tse tummeng tse akarelletsang tapas.Mekete ea setso e tšoara maoto a tiileng lialmanakeng hape; Mokete oa La Tomatina moo batho ba lahlelanang litamati selemo se seng le se seng sa Phato o tumme lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka kakaretso, Spain e iponahatsa e e-na le setso se hlasimollang, libaka tse ntle tsa naha hammoho le tšusumetso ea nalane e fumanoeng ka makholo a lilemo e etsa hore e be sebaka se tsotehang sa bahahlauli ha e ntse e kenya letsoho haholo molemong oa litso tse fapaneng.
Chelete ea Naha
Chelete ea Spain ke Euro (€), e leng chelete ea molao ea linaha tse ngata tsa litho tsa European Union. Spain e ile ea amohela Euro e le chelete ea eona ea naha ka la 1 Pherekhong 2002, ho nkela Spanish Peseta sebaka. Kaha ke karolo ea Eurozone, Spain e sebelisa li-Euro bakeng sa litšebelisano tsohle tsa eona tsa lichelete, ho kenyelletsa ho reka thepa le litšebeletso, ho lefa likoloto le ho ntša chelete ho ATM. Euro e arotsoe ka lisente tse 100. Ho fetohela ho li-Euro ho tlisitse melemo e mengata moruong oa Spain. E felisitse ho feto-fetoha ha sekhahla sa phapanyetsano ka har'a linaha tsa Eurozone le ho nolofatsa khoebo lipakeng tsa linaha tseo e leng litho. E boetse e nolofalitse maeto ho Maspanishe le bahahlauli ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba seng ba ka sebelisa chelete e le 'ngoe ho pholletsa le linaha tse ngata tsa Europe. U ka fumana li-banknotes lihlopheng tse fapaneng tse ajoang Spain: €5, €10, €20, €50, €100*, €200*, le €500*. Lichelete tsa tšepe li fumaneha ka lihlopha tsa lisente tse 1 (€0.01), lisente tse 2 (€0.02), lisente tse 5 (€0.05), lisente tse 10 (€0.10), lisente tse 20 (€0.20), lisente tse 50 (€0.50), €1 *, le €2*. Banka e Bohareng ea Spain e na le boikarabelo ba ho fana le ho laola phepelo ea Li-Euro ka hare ho naha ho boloka botsitso ba theko le ho laola litekanyetso tsa theko ea lichelete. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ha u etela kapa u lula Spain u le molichaba kapa mohahlauli, ho bohlokoa ho lula u nkile chelete hobane ha se mekhatlo eohle e amohelang likarete tsa mekoloto kapa mekhoa e meng ea ho lefa ea elektroniki. Ka kakaretso, ka ho amohela Euro e le chelete ea eona ea molao ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2002, Spain e sebetsa ka har'a tsamaiso e kopaneng ea lichelete e arolelanoang ke linaha tse ngata tsa Europe tse tsamaisang khoebo le ho etsa hore litšebelisano tsa lichelete li be bonolo ho feta meeling.
Sekhahla sa phapanyetsano
Chelete ea molao ea Spain ke Euro (€). Ha e le likhakanyo tsa phapanyetsano ea lichelete tse kholo khahlano le Euro, ka kopo hlokomela hore litefiso tsena li lula li feto-fetoha 'me li tla fapana ho latela mohloli le nako. Leha ho le joalo, mona ke likhakanyo tse ling tsa hajoale (ho ka fetoha): 1 Euro (€) e ka ba: - 1.12 Lidolara tsa Amerika ($) - 0.85 Liponto tsa Borithane (£) - 126.11 Yen ea Japane (¥) - 1.17 Swiss Francs (CHF) - 7.45 Yuan Renminbi ea China (¥) Ka kopo hlokomela hore linomoro tsena ke sesupo 'me mohlomong ha li emele litefiso tsa phapanyetsano ka nako efe kapa efe. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling ea morao-rao le e nepahetseng, ho khothaletsoa ho sheba le setsi se tšepahalang sa lichelete kapa webosaete ea converter ea chelete.
Matsatsi a Phomolo a Bohlokwa
Spain ke naha e ruileng setso le nalane, 'me e keteka matsatsi a mangata a phomolo a bohlokoa selemo ho pota. E meng ea mekete ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e kenyelletsa: 1. Semana Santa (Beke e Halalelang): Mokete ona oa bolumeli o etsahala metseng e sa tšoaneng ho pholletsa le Spain, ’me Seville e le se seng sa libaka tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa mekoloko ea eona e majabajaba. Ke sehopotso sa mahlomola, lefu, le tsoho ea Jesu Kreste. 2. La Tomatina: E tšoaroa ka Laboraro la ho qetela la Phato Buñol haufi le Valencia, mokete ona o ikhethang o tsejoa e le ntoa e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea tamati lefatšeng. Barupeluoa ba lahlelana litamati ho keteka ketsahalo ena e mahlahahlaha le e bohlasoa. 3. Feria de Abril (April Fair): E etsahalang Seville libeke tse peli ka mor’a Sontaha sa Paseka, ketsahalo ena e nkang beke kaofela e bontša setso sa Andalusia ka batjeko ba flamenco, lipono tsa ho loana lipoho, mekoloko ea lipere, litšoantšiso tsa ’mino oa setso le mekhabiso e mebala-bala. 4. Fiesta de San Fermín: E ketekoang haholo Pamplona pakeng tsa la 6 Phupu le la 14 selemo se seng le se seng, mokete ona o qala ka "The Running of Bulls," moo barupeluoa ba sebete ba mathang literateng tse moqotetsane ba lelekisoa ke lipoho. 5. La Falles de València: E ketekoa ho tloha ka March 15th ho ea ho March 19th motseng oa Valencia hammoho le libaka tse ling tse sa tšoaneng ka har'a profinse ea Valencia; e akarelletsa ho emisa liemahale tse khōlōhali tsa papier-mâché tse lateloang ke lipontšo tsa lithunya le mekoloko ea lithunya pele li chesoa letsatsing la ho qetela. 6. Día de la Hispanidad (Letsatsi la Ma-Hispanic): E ketekoa ka la 12 October ho pholletsa le Spain ho ikhopotsa ho fihla ha Christopher Columbus Amerika; e kenyelletsa mekoloko ea sesole le mesebetsi ea setso e bonts'ang lefa la Spain. Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela ea mekete ea bohlokoa ea Spain e bontšang meetlo ea eona e ruileng le mefuta-futa ea meetlo e matla ho pholletsa le libaka tse fapaneng tsa naha.
Boemo ba Khoebo ea Kantle ho Naha
Spain ke sebapali se etelletseng pele khoebong ea lefats'e, e tsebahalang ka moruo oa eona o matla o sekametseng kantle ho naha. Naha e boloka botsitso bo botle ba kgwebisano, ka diyantle tse tswang kantle ho naha. Mona ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa boemo ba khoebo ba Spain: 1. Diromelwantle: Spain e na le mefuta e fapaneng ya dihlahiswa tse romellwang kantle ho naha, ho kenyeletswa makoloi, metjhini, dikhemikhale, meriana le dihlahiswa tsa temo. Ke e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa likoloi Europe 'me e etsa likoloi tse sebelisoang malapeng le limmaraka tsa machaba. 2. Balekane ba Baholo ba Khoebo: Spain e etsa khoebo e kholo le linaha tse ka hare ho European Union (EU), haholo Fora, Jeremane le Italy. Ka ntle ho sebaka sa EU, e na le likamano tse matla tsa khoebo le United States le linaha tsa Latin America tse kang Mexico. 3. Liindasteri tse Tsamaisang Thomelontle: Ho etsa likoloi e ntse e le lekala la bohlokoa le kenyang letsoho ho romelloeng kantle ho naha ea Spain. Liindasteri tse ling tse hlahelletseng li kenyelletsa mahlale a matla a ka nchafatsoang (joalo ka li-turbine tsa moea le liphanele tsa letsatsi), lijo tse kang oli ea mohloaare le veine e hlahisoang libakeng tse fapaneng ho pholletsa le Spain. 4. Lintho tse tsoang kantle ho naha: Le hoja Spain e rekisetsa kantle ho naha ho feta eo e e rekang ka kakaretso ka lebaka la lekala la eona le matla la indasteri, e ntse e its'etleha ho tsoa kantle bakeng sa thepa e itseng joalo ka mehloli ea matla (oli le khase) ho fihlela litlhoko tsa eona tsa lehae. 5. Trade Surplus: Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Spain e 'nile ea hlahisa phaello ea khoebo ka lebaka la mokhoa oa eona oa ho khothaletsa matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha makaleng a fapaneng hammoho le ts'ebetso e matla ea thomello. 6. Intercontinental Trade: Ka maqhama a histori le Latin America ka lefa la bokolone kapa likamano tsa lipuo (lichaba tse buang Sepanishe), lik'hamphani tsa Spain li ekelitse boteng ba tsona moo ka ho tsetela mererong ea litšebeletso tsa motheo kapa ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa litsebi. 7.Likamano tsa Khoebo ka hare ho EU: Ho ba setho se mafolofolo sa European Union ho tloha ka 1986 ho lumella likhoebo tsa Spain hore li fihle habonolo linaheng tse ling tseo e leng litho ntle le ho kopana le litšitiso tse pharaletseng ha li rekisa thepa kapa litšebeletso. 8.Ho Holisa Litšebeletso tsa Thepa ea Lits'ebeletso tsa Lekala: Le hoja ka tloaelo e tsebahala ka thepa e bonahalang e romelloang kantle ho naha; hajoale matsete a lebisitsoe molemong oa ho matlafatsa karolo ea lits'ebeletso tsa thekenoloji hape e kenyelletsang lihlopha tsa ntlafatso ea tharollo ea IT tse fanang ka litlhoko tsa software ho pholletsa le Europe kapa lifeme tsa papatso tsa dijithale tse lebisitseng bareki ba tsoang lichabeng tse fapaneng. Bokhoni ba Spain ba indasteri, sebaka sa naha, le ho ba litho tsa EU li e behile e le karolo ea bohlokoa khoebong ea machaba. Moruo oa naha o shebaneng le thomello le mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa li lumella likamano tse matla tsa khoebo le balekane ba Europe le ba lefats'e.
Monyetla oa Nts'etsopele ea Maraka
Spain e na le monyetla o moholo oa ho nts'etsapele mmaraka oa eona oa khoebo kantle ho naha. Kaha e na le sebaka se setle sa Europe, e sebetsa e le tsela e nepahetseng ea ho ea European Union le mebaraka ea Latin America. Mehaho ea motheo e ntlafetseng ea naha, ho kopanyelletsa le boema-kepe ba sejoale-joale le boemafofane, e thusa ho tsamaisa thepa hantle. Spain e tsebahala ka sebaka sa eona sa temo se matla, se hlahisang litholoana, meroho, veine ea boleng bo holimo le oli ea mohloaare ea boleng bo holimo. Sena se beha naha joalo ka morekisi oa kantle o khahlehang 'marakeng oa lefatše. Ho feta moo, Spain e na le indasteri e fapaneng ea indasteri ho tloha ho likoloi ho isa ho mahlale a matla a tsosolositsoeng. Boitseanape ba eona liindastering tsena bo fana ka menyetla ea ho romela lihlahisoa tse khethehileng kantle ho naha. Mmuso oa Spain o khothaletsa matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha ka mafolofolo ka ho fana ka litšusumetso tse joalo ka likheo tsa lekhetho le lits'ebetso tse lokisitsoeng tsa tsamaiso. Boiteko bona bo hohetse lik'hamphani tsa machaba ho theha boteng ba tsona Spain, le ho matlafatsa thepa ea eona ea kantle ho naha. Ho feta moo, indasteri ea bohahlauli ea Spain e ntse e tsoela pele ka lebaka la mabōpo a eona a matle, setso se ruileng le libaka tsa nalane. Sena se fana ka menyetla ea ho atolosa litšebeletso tse romelloang kantle ho naha joalo ka litšebeletso tsa kamohelo ea baeti le lihlahisoa tse amanang le bohahlauli. Ho feta moo, Spain e na le basebetsi ba nang le litsebo tse phahameng ba nang le maemo a matle a thuto makaleng a fapaneng. Ts'ebetso ena ea batho e thusa ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tse ncha tse ka romelloang kantle ho naha ka katleho. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho lumela hore ho na le mathata le 'marakeng oa khoebo oa kantle ho naha oa Spain. Naha e tobane le tlholisano e tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa EU tse nang le bokhoni bo tšoanang ba ho rekisa thepa. Ho feta moo, liphetoho tsa moruo li ka ama tlhokahalo ea bareki lefatšeng ka bophara. Leha ho le joalo, ka sebaka sa eona se setle, liindasteri tse fapaneng tse kang tsa temo le tsa tlhahiso hammoho le tšehetso ea mmuso bakeng sa matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha li etsa hore Spain e be naha e ts'episang bakeng sa ho lekola menyetla ea khoebo ea machabeng.
Lihlahisoa tse rekisoang tse chesang 'marakeng
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho fumana lihlahisoa tse rekisoang haholo 'marakeng oa khoebo oa kantle ho naha oa Spain, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka maemo a naha le a moruo. 1. Gastronomy: Spain e tumme ka setso sa eona sa ho pheha, ho etsa hore lijo le lino e be sehlopha se hlahisang chelete e ngata. Kaha o ikakhetse ka setotsoana setsong sa tapas, oli ea mohloaare ea Spain, veine, chisi le nama e phekotsoeng ke thepa ea bohlokoa haholo ka hare ho naha le machabeng. 2. Feshene le Masela: Spain e fumane botumo bakeng sa indasteri ea eona ea feshene ho theosa le lilemo. Haholo-holo, thepa ea letlalo ea Spain e kang mekotla le lieta li na le tlhoko e kholo ea lefats'e ka lebaka la bokhabane ba tsona ba boleng bo holimo. 3. Lihlahisoa tse amanang le bohahlauli: E le se seng sa libaka tse holimo tsa bohahlauli lefatšeng ka bophara, Spain e fana ka menyetla e mengata ea lintho tse amanang le bohahlauli joalo ka lihopotso, mesebetsi ea matsoho ea lehae (ho kenyeletsoa lipitsa tsa letsopa kapa lisebelisoa tsa flamenco), liaparo tsa setso/thepa ea setso. 4. Lihlahisoa tsa Matla a Tsosolositsoeng: Ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo a ntseng a eketseha ho ts'ebetsong lefats'e ka bophara, Spain e etella pele ho mahlale a matla a tsosolositsoeng joalo ka liphanele tsa letsatsi kapa tlhahiso ea li-turbine tsa moea. Ho romela litharollo tsena tse tala ho ka khotsofatsa litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa machaba. 5. Litlolo le Tlhokomelo ea Letlalo: Indasteri ea botle ea Spain e atleha ka lihlahisoa tse tsebahalang tse fanang ka litlolo tsa boleng bo holimo tse matlafalitsoeng ka metsoako ea tlhaho e kang oli ea mohloaare kapa lekhala. 6. Mekhabiso ea Lehae le Thepa ea Thepa: Hangata e amahanngoa le bokhabane le ho rarahana har'a Maspanishe ke likotoana tse ikhethang tsa mekhabiso ea lapeng tse kang lirafshoa tse tsoang Andalusia kapa thepa ea ka tlung e bonts'ang mekhoa ea setso ea Sepanishe e khahlang baahi le bareki lefatšeng ka bophara. 7. Lekala la Theknoloji le Tsa Elektronike: Joaloka moruo o tsoetseng pele, Spain e ithorisa ka lik'hamphani tsa thekenoloji tse hlōlisanang tse hlahisang lisebelisoa tse ncha tse kenyeletsang li-smartphone/tablet , lisebelisoa tse ka roaloang , kapa lisebelisoa tsa ho iketsetsa lapeng; ho tsepamisa maikutlo libakeng tsena ho ka lebisa katlehong ea ho kenella 'marakeng. Ho khetha ka nepo lihlahisoa tse rekisoang tse chesang 'marakeng ofe kapa ofe oa kantle ho naha joalo ka Spain: - Etsa lipatlisiso tsa 'maraka: Utloisisa likhetho tsa bareki ka lipatlisiso / lipuisano - Sekaseka bahlolisani: Tseba li-niches tse atlehileng tsa sehlahisoa ha u ntse u nahana ka likheo ho qoba tlholisano e boima - Lekola likarolo tse amanang le tsamaiso le melaoana (mesebetsi ea moetlo, litlhoko tsa setifikeiti, jj.) - Batla tšebelisano 'moho le barekisi / litsebi tsa lehae ho thusa ho kena 'marakeng - Fetola sephutheloana, lisebelisoa tsa ho bapatsa le litlhaloso tsa sehlahisoa ho lumellana le likhetho tsa bareki ba Spain - Lekola mekhoa ea 'maraka kamehla hore u lule u le ka pele ho mothinya. Ka kakaretso, kutloisiso e phethahetseng ea setso sa Spain, boemo ba moruo, le boitšoaro ba bareki ke ntho ea bohlokoa ha ho etsoa qeto ka mekhahlelo ea lihlahisoa e bonts'ang tlhokahalo e phahameng le katleho 'marakeng oa khoebo ea kantle ho naha.
Litšobotsi tsa bareki le tabo
Spain, e karolong e ka boroa-bophirimela ho Europe, e tsebahala ka histori ea eona e ruileng, setso sa eona se matla le kamohelo e mofuthu ea baeti. Batho ba Spain ka kakaretso ba na le botsoalle ebile ba amohela bahahlauli. Ba motlotlo ka meetlo le meetlo ea bona. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko litšobotsi tse itseng tsa bareki le taboos ha u etela Spain. Bareki ba Spain ba ananela likamano tsa botho 'me ba khetha tšebelisano e mofuthu le e mofuthu le likhoebo. Ho aha tšepo ho bohlokoa ho theheng likamano tse atlehileng tsa khoebo Spain. Ho tloaelehile hore Maspanishe a buisane ka lintho tse nyenyane pele a buisana ka litaba tsa khoebo e le mokhoa oa ho theha maqhama a botho. Ho laola nako ho ka ’na ha fapana le litso tse ling, kaha Masepanishe a nka bophelo ba lelapa le botsoalle e le tsa bohlokoa. Hangata liboka li qala ka mor’a nako kapa li nka nako e telele ho feta kamoo ho neng ho reriloe kateng ka lebaka la lipuisano tse sa reroang kapa menyetla ea ho etsa metsoalle e hlahang nakong ea kopano. Mabapi le mekhoa ea ho ja, ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore lijo tsa motšehare ke lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa letsatsi Spain. Bareki ba Masepanishe ba thabela lijo tsa boikhathollo moo ba ka phomolang le ho thabela lijo tsa bona hammoho le moqoqo o monate. Ho ja ka potlako kapa ho kopa bili kapele haholo ho ka nkoa e le ho hloka tlhompho. Ho feta moo, ho boloka nako ho ka 'na ha se ke ha totobatsoa haholo maemong a sechaba empa ho ntse ho le bohlokoa bakeng sa litumellano tsa litsebi kapa liboka tsa khoebo. Mabapi le meetlo ea ho fana ka limpho, le hoja ho sa hlokahale ho fana ka limpho nakong ea liboka tsa pele kapa lipuisanong le bareki ba Spain, haeba ba memeloa lelapeng la motho bakeng sa lijo tsa mantsiboea kapa moketeng (joaloka Keresemese), ho tlisa mpho e nyenyane joaloka lichokolete kapa botlolo ea veine. e le pontšo ea kananelo e atisang ho etsoa Spain. Ho bohlokoa ho qoba litaba tse tebileng tse kang lipolotiki kapa liphapang tsa libaka ha u sebelisana le bareki ba Spain ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa nalane tse ntseng li atile kajeno mabapi le litabatabelo tsa libaka tse itseng tsa boipuso. Ka kakaretso, ho utloisisa mekhoa ena ea bareki ho ka thusa ho theha likamano tse ntle ha o ntse o qoba litšitiso tse ka bang teng ha o etsa khoebo kapa o qoqa le batho ba tsoang Spain.
Sistimi ea tsamaiso ea litloaelo
Spain, e karolong e ka boroa-bophirimela ho Europe, e na le tsamaiso e tsitsitseng ea ho laola meetlo le meeli. Naha e kentse tshebetsong melao e thata ho netefatsa polokeho le tshireletseho ya meedi ya yona. Ha u kena kapa u tloha Spain, ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tseo u lokelang ho li hopola. Taba ea pele, ho bohlokoa ho ba le litokomane tse sebetsang tsa maeto. Baahi bao e seng ba European Union ba tlameha ho ba le pasepoto e nepahetseng e nang le bonyane likhoeli tse tšeletseng tse setseng. Baahi ba EU ba ka etela sebakeng sa Schengen ba sebelisa likarete tsa bona tsa boitsebahatso. Thepa e tlisoang le ho ntšoa Spain e tlas'a melao ea lekhetho. Baeti ba tlameha ho phatlalatsa lintho leha e le life tse fetang meeli e itseng kapa tse hlokang litumello tse khethehileng tse kang lithunya, lihlahisoa tsa lijo, kapa lintho tsa khale tsa setso. Litumello tsa mahala tsa joala, lihlahisoa tsa koae, le thepa e 'ngoe li ka sebetsa. Boemafofaneng ba Spain le boemakepe ba leoatle, liofisiri tsa lekhetho hangata li etsa tlhahlobo e sa reroang bakeng sa lithethefatsi le lintho tse ling tse thibetsoeng. Ho bohlokoa hore motho a se ke a kenya lithethefatsi leha e le life tse seng molaong ka har'a naha kaha kotlo e matla e ka fanoa haeba e tšoaroa. Baeti ba boetse ba lokela ho hlokomela lithibelo mabapi le ho kenya chelete kapa ho romela kantle ho naha. Haeba e nkile chelete e fetang €10,000 (kapa e lekanang le chelete e 'ngoe), e tlameha ho phatlalatsoa ha u fihla kapa u tloha. Ho feta moo, baeti ba tsoang linaheng tseo e seng tsa EU ba lokela ho tloaelana le litlhoko tsa visa pele ba etela Spain. Baahi ba lokolohileng Visa hangata ba ka lula matsatsi a 90 nakong ea matsatsi a 180 molemong oa bohahlauli empa ba ka hloka li-visa tse khethehileng bakeng sa ho sebetsa kapa ho ithuta. Ntle le moo, bapalami ba tsoang kantle ho EU ba kanna ba feta litekong tse ling tsa ts'ireletso tse amanang le mehato ea bophelo bo botle joalo ka liprothokholo tsa tlhahlobo ea COVID-19 tse behiloeng ke ba boholong Spain. Ka kakaretso, ha u kena kapa u tsoa meeling ea Spain: 1) Jara litokomane tsa ho eta tse nepahetseng. 2) Ho lumellana le melao ea meetlo: Phatlalatsa lintho tse thibetsoeng ha ho hlokahala. 3) U se ke ua nka lithethefatsi tse seng molaong - kotlo e matla e sebetsa. 4) Hlokomela lithibelo tsa lichelete. 5) Utloisisa litlhoko tsa visa pele u tsamaea. 6) Ikamahanye le litlhoko tsa ho kena tse amanang le bophelo bo botle nakong ea mafu a seoa a kang COVID-19. Ka ho latela litataiso tsena, baeti ba ka khona ho tsamaisa meetlo le tsamaiso ea meeli ea Spain hantle ha ba ntse ba etsa bonnete ba hore ba latela melao ea lehae.
Melao ea lekhetho e tsoang kantle ho naha
Leano la Spain la lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le etselitsoe ho laola le ho laola ho kena ha thepa ka har'a naha ho tsoa kantle ho naha. 'Muso oa Spain o beha lekhetho le khethehileng lihlahisoa tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ho sireletsa liindasteri tsa lehae, ho etsa chelete le ho tiisa hore ho na le tlhōlisano e hlokang leeme. Lekhetho la ho reka kantle ho naha Spain le fapana ho latela mofuta oa sehlahisoa, tšimoloho ea sona, le maemo a sona tlas'a litumellano tsa khoebo tsa machaba. Khoutu ea Harmonized System (HS) e sebelisoa ho arola thepa le ho etsa qeto ea litefiso tsa lekhetho tse sebetsang. Ho na le mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea litefiso tse ipapisitseng le ad valorem kapa litefiso tse ikhethileng. Thepa e itseng ea bohlokoa joalo ka lijo tse tloaelehileng kapa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka e kanna ea ba li theotsoe kapa li se na litefiso ho khothaletsa ho fumaneha ha tsona ka litheko tse tlase bakeng sa bareki. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lintho tse majabajaba tse kang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa maemo a holimo kapa lihlahisoa tsa feshene hangata li tobana le litefiso tse phahameng. Ho bala lekhetho la thepa e tsoang naheng ea Spain, motho o lokela ho nahana ka boleng bo phatlalalitsoeng ba thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang, litefiso tsa inshorense le lintlha tse ling tse amehang. Lipalo tsena li theiloe holim'a melaoana ea theko ea thepa e theiloeng ke litumellano tsa machaba tse kang Tumellano ea Theko ea Litheko ea Mehaho ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (WTO). Ntle le litefiso tse akaretsang tsa ho reka kantle ho naha, Spain e kanna ea lefisa makhetho a eketsehileng joalo ka lekhetho la boleng bo eketsehileng (VAT) kapa lekhetho la tšebeliso ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha methating e fapaneng ea ho ajoa ha tsona ka har'a naha. Spain e boetse e na le litumellano tsa khoebo le linaha tse ling tse ka amang leano la eona la lekhetho la kantle ho naha. Ka mohlala, haeba Spain e na le tumellano ea khoebo e sa lefelloeng le naha e itseng e felisang kapa e fokotsang litefiso tsa lihlahisoa tse itseng tse tsoang moo. Ka kakaretso, leano la Spain la lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le batla ho leka-lekana lipakeng tsa ho sireletsa liindasteri tsa lapeng ha le ntse le netefatsa hore bareki ba khona ho li lefella. E boela e ikamahanya le melawana ya kgwebo ya lefatshe mme e ela hloko ditumellano tsa dinaha tse pedi tse reretsweng ho hodisa dilekane tsa moruo le ditjhaba tse ding.
Melao ea lekhetho ea kantle ho naha
Spain e na le leano la lekhetho bakeng sa thepa ea eona ea kantle ho naha ho laola lekhetho lihlahisoa tsena. Naha ena e latela leano le tloaelehileng la khoebo la European Union (EU), leo sepheo sa lona e leng ho netefatsa tlholisano e hlokang leeme le ho sireletsa liindasteri tsa lehae. Ka kakaretso, Spain ha e lefise lekhetho le tobileng thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha. Leha ho le joalo, thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea Spain e tla lefisoa lekhetho la boleng bo eketsehileng (VAT) ho latela melaoana ea EU. Sekhahla sa VAT se sebetsang se ipapisitse le mofuta oa thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha. Bakeng sa thepa e ngata, ho lefisoa sekhahla sa VAT se tloaelehileng sa 21%. Sena se bolela hore barekisi ba kantle ba tlameha ho kenyelletsa lekhetho lena thekong ea lihlahisoa tsa bona ha ba li rekisa kantle ho naha. Leha ho le joalo, haeba thomelontle e tšoaneleha bakeng sa VAT e lekantsoeng ka lefela tlas'a melao ea EU, ha ho makhetho a tlatsetso a lefuoang ke barekisi ba kantle ho naha. Hore o tshwanelehe ho fumana VAT e lekantsweng lefela, maemo a itseng a tlameha ho kgotsofatswa. Mohlala, thepa e romelloang linaheng tseo e seng tsa EU kapa thepa e amanang ka kotloloho le lits'ebeletso tsa lipalangoang tsa machabeng hangata e lokoloha ho VAT. Ho feta moo, tse ling tsa thepa e romelloang kantle li ka lokeloa ho theoleloa litefiso kapa ho lokolloa ho latela liindasteri tse itseng kapa litumellano le balekane ba khoebo. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lekhetho la lekhetho le ka sebetsa ha ho romelloa thepa ho tloha Spain ho ea linaheng tseo e seng tsa EU ho latela litumellano tsa khoebo tsa machaba le litefiso tse thehiloeng ke linaha kapa libaka tseo. Ka kakaretso, ha Spain e latela leano le tloaelehileng la khoebo la EU mabapi le lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ka ho sebelisa lekhetho la boleng bo ekelitsoeng ho latela litefiso tse fapaneng le litokollo tse ipapisitseng le maemo a itseng le litumellano le balekane ba khoebo li neng li sebetsa, ha ho makhetho a khethehileng a behiloeng feela bakeng sa thomello kantle ho naha ea Spain. ka boyona.
Ho hlokahala litifikeiti bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle
Spain e tsebahala ka moruo oa eona o fapaneng le o atlehang, 'me thepa e romelloang kantle e le eona e tlatsetsang haholo. Ho netefatsa boleng le bonnete ba thepa ena e romelloang kantle ho naha, Spain e sebelisitse mekhoa e thata ea ho fana ka setifikeiti kantle ho naha. Mmuso oa Spain, ka Lekala la Moruo le Tlholisano, o okametse netefatso ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha. Bolaoli bo ka sehloohong bo ikarabellang bakeng sa ho fana ka mangolo a tumello ke Setsi sa Spain sa Khoebo ea Kantle ho Naha (ICEX). Ba sebetsa haufi-ufi le mekhatlo e meng ea ’muso ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa li finyella litekanyetso tsa machaba le ho khomarela melao ea khoebo. ICEX e fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea litifikeiti tsa kantle ho naha ho latela mofuta oa sehlahisoa se romelloang kantle ho naha. Setifikeiti se seng sa bohlokoa ke Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho, se tiisang hore sehlahisoa se entsoe kapa se sebelitsoe Spain. Tokomane ena e tiisa pepeneneng litloaelong tsa khoebo le ho thusa ho thibela bomenemene kapa thepa ea maiketsetso ho kena mebarakeng ea kantle. Setifikeiti se seng sa bohlokoa ke ho tšoaea CE. Letšoao lena le bontša hore sehlahisoa se lumellana le litlhoko tsa polokeho ea European Union, bophelo bo botle le tikoloho. E bontša hore li-export tsa Spain li finyella litekanyetso tsa EU 'me li ka rekisoa ka bolokolohi ka har'a linaha tseo e leng litho. Ho feta moo, ho ipapisitsoe le mofuta oa thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha, ho ka hlokahala litifikeiti tse khethehileng. Mohlala, lihlahisoa tsa lijo li tlameha ho latela melao ea polokeho ea lijo e tsamaisoang ke mekhatlo ea mmuso e joalo ka Setsi sa Spain sa Polokeho ea Lijo le Phepo (AESAN). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lihlahisoa tsa temo li tlameha ho latela mehato ea phytosanitary e fanoeng ke Lekala la Temo. Spain e boetse e kena litumellanong tsa linaha tse peli le linaha tsa balekane ho tsamaisa khoebo ea machaba. Litumellano tsena li fana ka kananelo ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tumellano lipakeng tsa Spain le balekane ba eona ba khoebo ha e ntse e netefatsa hore e latela melaoana ea naha. Ho bohlokoa ho bolela hore ho fumana litifikeiti tse hlokahalang ho kenyelletsa tlhahiso e matla ea litokomane hammoho le litlhahlobo kapa litlhahlobo tse etsoang ke ba boholong ba amehang. Barekisi ba kantle ba eletsoa ho itloaetsa litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa lihlahisoa tsa bona pele ba qala mesebetsi efe kapa efe ea kantle ho naha ho tsoa Spain. Ka bokhutšoanyane, ts'ebetso ea Spain ea ho fana ka setifikeiti ea kantle ho naha e ikemiselitse ho netefatsa mehato ea taolo ea boleng ha e ntse e kopana le maemo a machaba a behiloeng ke linaha tse tsoang kantle ho naha. Naha e etelletsa pele pepeneneng lits'ebetsong tsa khoebo ka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea netefatso, ho netefatsa hore thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea Spain e ea tšepahala ebile ea ts'epahala lefats'eng ka bophara.
Lisebelisoa tse khothalelitsoeng
Spain ke naha e ka boroa-bophirima ho Europe, e tsejoang ka lefa la eona la setso le libaka tse fapaneng tsa naha. Ha ho tluoa litšebeletsong tsa thepa le lipalangoang, Spain e fana ka likhetho tse 'maloa tse ntle bakeng sa likhoebo le batho ka bomong. Taba ea pele, Spain e na le marang-rang a pharalletseng a lisebelisoa tsa lipalangoang tse tsamaisang thepa e sebetsang hantle. Naha e na le litsela tse hlokometsoeng hantle le litsela tse kholo tse hokahanyang litoropo le libaka tse fapaneng ka har'a Spain, tse etsang hore ho be bonolo ho tsamaisa thepa ho pholletsa le naha. Ho feta moo, Spain e na le seporo sa terene se matla se fanang ka litšebeletso tse tšepahalang tsa lipalangoang bakeng sa thepa. Mabapi le lits'ebeletso tsa thepa ea lifofane, Spain ke lehae la boema-fofane bo bongata bo phetheselang bo nang le lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa ho tsamaisa thepa. Boema-fofane ba Barcelona-El Prat le Boema-fofane ba Madrid-Barajas ke libaka tse peli tse kholo moo likhoebo li ka romellang kapa tsa amohela thepa habonolo ka thepa ea sefofane. Maemafofane ana a fane ka liteishene tsa thepa tse nang le theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle. Ho feta moo, Spain e na le likou tse 'maloa tsa maemo a lefats'e tse sebetsanang le khoebo e kholo ea maoatle. Boema-kepe ba Valencia ke mohlala o mong o joalo; e sebetsa e le menyako e kholo bakeng sa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le kantle ho naha ho tsoa Europe e ka boroa. Ka li-terminals tsa morao-rao tsa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e metle ea meetlo, boema-kepe bona bo fana ka likhetho tse tšepahalang tsa ho tsamaisa thepa bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho tsamaisa thepa ka leoatleng. Ntle le meaho ea 'mele, Spain e boetse e na le lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa thepa tse fanang ka tharollo ea phepelo e felletseng. Likhamphani tsena li fana ka mefuta e mengata ea litšebeletso tse kang ho boloka thepa, tsamaiso ea kabo, ho fana ka tumello ea lekhetho, le ho tsamaisa thepa. Bafani ba bang ba tsebahalang ba thepa Spain ba kenyelletsa DHL Supply Chain, DB Schenker Logistics Ibérica S.L.U., Kühne + Nagel Logistics S.A., har'a ba bang. Ho feta moo, haeba u batla litšebeletso tse khethehileng tsa lipalangoang liindastering tse kang meriana kapa thepa e senyehang - bafani ba thepa e batang ba kang Norbert Dentressangle Iberica kapa Dachs España ba fana ka libaka tsa polokelo tse laoloang ke mocheso le litharollo tsa lipalangoang tse netefatsang botšepehi ba lihlahisoa tse hlokolosi nakong ea leeto. Ka kakaretso, Citas Import Export Solutionsplanes de Logística s.l.ke khetho e nepahetseng ka lebaka la boiphihlelo ba bona bo pharaletseng tšimong, marang-rang a matla, le boitlamo ba ho fana ka litšebeletso tse ntle tsa bareki. Qetellong, Spain e fana ka marang-rang a tšepahalang le a sebetsang hantle a tsamaisang mekhoa e fapaneng ea lipalangoang ho kenyeletsoa litsela, liporo, lits'ebeletso tsa thepa ea sefofane le boema-kepe. Ka lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa thepa tse fanang ka litharollo tse felletseng tsa phepelo ea phepelo, likhoebo li ka fumana likhetho tse loketseng litlhoko tsa bona tse ikhethileng. Ebang ke lipalangoang tse ka hare ho naha kapa tsa machaba, Spain e na le mekhoa ea motheo le boitseanape ba ho sebetsana le litlhoko tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa thepa.
Mecha ea ntlafatso ea bareki

Lipontšo tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo

Spain ke naha e tsebahalang ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho reka thepa ea machaba. E fana ka likanale tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa bareki le ho fana ka mananeo a fapaneng a bohlokoa a khoebo. Mekhoa ena e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho holiseng likhokahano, marang-rang, le ho lekola menyetla ea ho holisa khoebo. Taba ea pele, e 'ngoe ea litsela tse hlahelletseng bakeng sa bareki ba machabeng ba Spain ke ka likamore tsa khoebo kapa mekhatlo ea khoebo. Mekhatlo ena e sebetsa e le sethala sa bohlokoa sa ho hokahana le barekisi le bahlahisi ba Spain makaleng a fapaneng. Ba fana ka tataiso, tšehetso, 'me ba hlophisa liketsahalo tse fapaneng ho tsamaisa likamano tsa bareki le barekisi. Taba ea bobeli, mekhatlo ea 'muso ea Spain e kang ICEX (Setsi sa Spain sa Khoebo ea Kantle ho Naha) e khothalelitse likamano tsa khoebo lipakeng tsa lik'hamphani tsa Spain le bareki ba machabeng. Ba fana ka lits'ebeletso ho tloha ho lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka ho isa liketsahalong tsa papali, ho lumella bareki ba kantle ho naha ho hlahloba likamano tse ka bang teng le likhoebo tsa Spain. Ho feta moo, Spain e thehile libaka tsa khoebo tsa mahala (FTZs) tse hohelang bareki ba lefats'e ba batlang likhetho tse bolokang chelete e ngata. Li-FTZ tsena li fana ka likhothaletso tsa lekhetho, mekhoa e lokiselitsoeng ea lekhetho, le lisebelisoa tsa motheo tse molemo bakeng sa mesebetsi ea machaba ea ho fumana thepa. Ho feta moo, Spain e na le mekete e mengata ea bohlokoa ea khoebo e hohelang bareki ba machabeng ba tsoang liindastering tse fapaneng. Mehlala e meng e hlokomelehang e kenyelletsa: 1. Mobile World Congress: E 'ngoe ea lipontšo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa thekenoloji ea thekenoloji lefatšeng ka bophara e tšoaroang selemo le selemo Barcelona e hohela baetapele ba indasteri ba batlang litharollo tsa maemo a holimo tsa mehala. 2. FITUR: Pontšo e ka sehloohong ea bohahlauli e tšoaretsoeng Madrid e fanang ka menyetla ea hore mekhatlo ea maeto, beng ba bohahlauli, beng ba lihotele ho bonts'a basebetsi ba lefats'e ka bophara lihlahisoa/litšebeletso tsa bona. 3.GIfTEXPO: Pontsho ena ya Dimpho ya Matjhaba e na le mefuta e mengata ya dimpho tsa boleng tse kenyeletsang mesebetsi ya matsoho, 4.Fruit Khahleng: Ketsahalo ea bohlokoa e shebaneng le litholoana le meroho e hohelang barekisi ba temo lefatšeng ka bophara ba batlang lihlahisoa tsa Spain, 5.CEVISAMA: Pontšo ena e tummeng ea lithaele tsa ceramic e tšoaretsoeng Valencia e kopanya litsebi tsa indasteri tse nang le thahasello litabeng tsa morao-rao le mekhoa e mecha e amanang le lirafshoa, Lipontšo tsena li sebetsa e le sethala se loketseng moo bareki ba machabeng ba ka kopanang le barekisi ba ka bang teng lifahleho li talimane ha ba ntse ba lula ba nchafalitsoe ka mekhoa e ntseng e hlaha ea mebaraka ka har'a makala a bona. Qetellong, j bakeng sa bareki ba machaba, Spain e hlahisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa likamano tsa khoebo le likhoebo tsa Spain. Mekhatlo ea khoebo, mekhatlo ea 'muso, le libaka tsa khoebo tse sa lefelloeng li fana ka sebopeho se hlokahalang sa tšehetso, ha lipontšo tsa khoebo le lipontšo li fana ka menyetla ea ho sebelisana ka ho toba le ba ka khonang ho fana ka thepa. Mekhoa ena e kenya letsoho haholo boemong ba Spain joalo ka sebaka se khahlang bakeng sa mesebetsi ea machaba ea theko.
Spain, ho na le lienjineri tse 'maloa tse sebelisoang hangata. Mona ke tse ling tsa tse tsebahalang haholo hammoho le li-URL tsa sebaka sa bona sa marang-rang: 1. Google: Enjene ea ho batla e sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, hape e tumme haholo Spain. Batho ba ka e fumana ho www.google.es. 2. Bing: Enjine e 'ngoe ea ho batla e sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, Bing le eona e sebelisoa khafetsa Spain. U ka e fumana ho www.bing.com. 3. Yahoo: Leha botumo ba Yahoo bo theohile ho theosa le lilemo, e ntse e le enjine ea ho batla e sebelisoang hangata Spain. URL ea sebaka sa eona sa marang-rang ke www.yahoo.es. 4. DuckDuckGo: DuckDuckGo e tsebahala ka ho etelletsa pele lekunutu la mosebelisi le ho se latele lintlha tsa motho ka mong, hape e se e tumme e le mokhoa o mong oa ho batla le Spain. URL ea sebaka sa eona sa Marang-rang ke duckduckgo.com/es. 5. Yandex: Yandex ke enjine ea ho batla e thehiloeng Serussia e fanang ka liphetho tsa patlo le lits'ebeletso tsa inthanete ho basebelisi ba buang Sepanishe. Batho ba Spain ba ka fumana lits'ebeletso tsa bona ka www.yandex.es. Ka kopo hlokomela hore ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela ea lienjineri tsa patlo tse sebelisoang hangata Spain, 'me ho ka ba le likhetho tse ling tsa libaka kapa tse ikhethileng tse fumanehang hape.

Maqephe a maholo a mosehla

Maqephe a maholo a mosehla a Spain a kenyelletsa: 1. Paginas Amarillas (https://www.paginasamarillas.es/): Ena ke bukana e ka sehloohong ea maqephe a mosehla Spain, e fanang ka lethathamo le felletseng la likhoebo ho pholletsa le makala a fapaneng. 2. QDQ Media (https://www.qdq.com/): QDQ Media e fana ka bukana e pharaletseng ea marang-rang bakeng sa likhoebo tsa Spain, e lumellang basebelisi ho batla mabitso ka mekhoa e fapaneng e kang sebaka, indasteri le lits'ebeletso. 3. 11870 (https://www.11870.com/): 11870 ke sebaka se tsebahalang sa marang-rang moo basebelisi ba ka fumanang lintlha tsa ho ikopanya le likhoebo tsa Spain. E boetse e na le litlhahlobo le lintlha tse tsoang ho basebelisi ba bang. 4. Guía Telefónica de España (https://www.guiatelefonicadeespana.com/): Bukana ena e fana ka lethathamo la likhoebo le litsebi ho pholletsa le Spain, tse arotsoeng ho ea ka litoropo kapa libaka. 5. Directorio de Empresas de España (https://empresas.hospitalet.cat/es/home.html): Lena ke bukana ya semmuso ya kgwebo e hlokometsweng ke Hospitalet City Council e Catalonia e kenyeletsang manane a dikhamphani le mekgatlo ho phatlalla le diindasteri tse fapaneng. 6. Bukana ea Khoebo ea Infobel Spain (https://infobel.com/en/spain/business): Infobel e fana ka bukana ea khoebo ea inthaneteng e akaretsang linaha tse 'maloa ho kenyeletsoa Spain, e fanang ka lintlha tsa ho ikopanya le mefuta e fapaneng ea lik'hamphani. 7. Kompass - Maqephe a Masehla a Sepanishe (https://es.kompass.com/business-directory/spain/dir-01/page-1): Kompass e fana ka phihlello ho database e felletseng ea lik'hamphani tsa Spain tse sebetsanang le mafapha a fapaneng, e lumellang basebelisi batla ho ipapisitsoe le maemo a ikhethileng joalo ka indasteri kapa boholo ba khamphani. Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela ea li-directory tsa maqephe a mosehla tse fumanehang Spain. Hopola hore bukana e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ka ba le litsebo tsa eona tse ikhethileng kapa libaka tse shebaneng le sebaka se koahetsoeng kapa litšebeletso tse ling tse fanoang.

Li-platform tse kholo tsa khoebo

Spain, naha e ntle e Europe Boroa, e hlahile e le e 'ngoe ea linaha tse etelletseng pele mabapi le li-platform tsa e-commerce. Mona ke tse ling tsa li-platform tsa e-commerce tse kholo Spain hammoho le liwebsaete tsa bona: 1. Amazon Spain: Joaloka seqhenqha sa machaba, Amazon e na le boemo bo hlahelletseng 'marakeng oa Spain. E fana ka mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa ho pholletsa le lihlopha tse fapaneng. Webosaete: https://www.amazon.es/ 2. El Corte Inglés: Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mabenkele a maholo ka ho fetisisa Spain a seng a atolohile 'marakeng oa Marang-rang. E fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tse kenyelletsang feshene, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le lisebelisoa tsa lapeng. Webosaete: https://www.elcorteingles.es/ 3. AliExpress: E tsoa Chaena empa e na le bareki ba bohlokoa Spain, AliExpress e tsebahala ka litheko tsa eona tse theko e tlaase le khetho e pharaletseng ea lihlahisoa ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo e mengata. Webosaete: https://es.aliexpress.com/ 4. eBay Spain: E 'ngoe ea liwebsaete tse tsebahalang haholo tsa fantisi le mabenkele a marang-rang lefatšeng, eBay e boetse e sebetsa Spain moo basebelisi ba ka rekang lintho tse ncha le tse sebelisitsoeng habonolo. Webosaete: https://www.ebay.es/ 5.JD.com : JD.com e entse letšoao la eona la ho ba morekisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa China empa e boetse e atolohile lefatšeng ka bophara ho ea linaheng tse kang Spain e fanang ka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tse kang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, liaparo, botle le tse ling .Website :https://global.jd .com/es 6.Worten : Morekisi ea tumileng oa Spain ea sebetsanang le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse sebetsang inthaneteng le mabenkeleng ho pholletsa le naha.Website :https://www.worten.es 7.MediaMarkt ES : Morekisi e mong ea tsebahalang oa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ea sebetsang linaheng tse ngata ho kenyeletsoa Spain. E fana ka mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki joalo ka li-smartphone, lilaptop joalo-joalo.Website :https://www.mediamarkt.es/ Ena ke e meng feela ea mehlala ea li-platform tse kholo tsa e-commerce tse sebeletsang bareki ka hare ho Spain.Li fa bareki monyetla oa ho fumana thepa e ngata ho tsoa lefats'eng lohle.Ho sebetsa le sethala sena ho nolofalletsa batho ba Spain ho thabela boiketlo ba ho reka inthaneteng.

Mecha ea litaba e kholo ea sechaba

Spain, ho na le liforomo tse 'maloa tse tsebahalang tsa litaba tsa sechaba tse hokahanyang batho le ho khothaletsa puisano. Mona ke tse ling tsa libaka tsa marang-rang tse sebelisoang haholo Spain, hammoho le li-URL tse tsamaisanang le tsona: 1. Facebook - https://www.facebook.com Facebook ke sebaka sa marang-rang se tsebahalang haholo le se sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, ho kenyeletsoa le Spain. Basebelisi ba ka hokahana le metsoalle le ba lelapa, ba arolelana lintlha, linepe, livideo, 'me ba kenela lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa thahasello. 2. Instagram - https://www.instagram.com Instagram ke sethala se bonoang haholo moo basebelisi ba ka arolelanang linepe le livideo tse khutšoane. E se e tumme haholo Spain le lefats'e ka bophara ka lebaka la ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho eona linthong tse bonoang. 3. Twitter - https://twitter.com Twitter e thusa basebelisi ho beha melaetsa e khuts'oane e bitsoang "tweets" ea bolelele ba litlhaku tse 280. E sebetsa e le sethala sa ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling ka nako ea nnete moo basebelisi ba ka latelang ba bang le ho kenella lipuisanong ba sebelisa li-hashtag. 4. LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com LinkedIn ke sebaka sa marang-rang sa litsebi se lumellang batho ho iketsetsa litlaleho tse totobatsang litsebo tsa bona, thuto, phihlelo ea mosebetsi le katleho ea bona. E thusa litsebi ho holisa marang-rang a bona a litsebi ka ho hokahana le basebetsi-'moho kapa bao e ka bang bahiri. 5. TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com TikTok ke sethala sa boqapi sa ho arolelana livideo tsa mofuta o mokhuts'oane ho tloha ho litšoantšiso tse lumellanang le molomo ho isa ho li-skits tse qabolang kapa mekhoa ea tantši e tsebahalang har'a bacha ba Spain. 6. WhatsApp - https://www.whatsapp.com Le hoja e sa nkoe e le sethala se tloaelehileng sa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ka se; WhatsApp e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa sechabeng sa Spain molemong oa puisano ka ho romellana melaetsa kapa mehala ea lentsoe/video lipakeng tsa batho ka bomong kapa lipuisanong tsa sehlopha. 7.Ho phaella ho li-platform tsena tsa lefats'e tse thathamisitsoeng ka holimo tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa basebelisi ka har'a sechaba sa Spain; libaka tse ling tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba tsa Spain li kenyelletsa: Xing (https://www.xing.es) Tuenti (https://tuenti.es) Ka kopo hlokomela hore botumo ba sethala sena bo ka fapana ho ea ka nako le har'a lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lilemo.

Mekhatlo e meholo ea indasteri

Spain e na le moruo o ruileng le o fapaneng o nang le mekhatlo e fapaneng e meholo ea indasteri e emelang makala a fapaneng. Mona ke lethathamo la mekhatlo e meng ea bohlokoa ea indasteri Spain hammoho le liwebsaete tsa bona tsa semmuso: 1. Spanish Confederation of Business Organizations (CEOE) - e akaretsa mefuta e mengata ea liindasteri, ho kenyeletsa le tlhahiso, kaho, bohahlauli le lichelete. Websaeteng: http://www.ceoe.es 2. Spanish Association of Automotive Suppliers (SERNAUTO) - e emela lik'hamphani tse amehang ho fana ka thepa ea lefapha la likoloi. Webosaete: http://www.sernauto.es 3. Spanish Confederation of Hotels and Tourist Accommodation (CEHAT) - e emela lithahasello tsa lihotele le libaka tse ling tsa bolulo. Webosaete: https://www.cehat.com 4. Spanish Association for Renewable Energies (APPARE) - e shebane le ho khothaletsa lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng tse kang moea, letsatsi, matla a motlakase. Webosaete: https://apppare.asociaciones.org/ 5. National Federation of Food Industries and Beverages (FIAB) - e emetse indasteri ea lijo ho kenyeletsoa mafapha a ho lokisa, a tlhahiso le a kabo. Webosaete: https://fiab.es/ 6. Spanish Photovoltaic Union (UNEF) - e khothalletsa tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi ka mekhoa ea photovoltaic. Webosaete: http://unefotovoltaica.org/ 7. Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Baetsi ba Litšepe Spain (SIDEREX) - o emela lik'hamphani tse etsang tšepe tse sebetsang Spain. Webosaete: http://siderex.com/en/ 8. Komiti ea Basebetsi ba Lifofane Spain-Portugal (COCAE)- e emetse basebetsi ba lifofane litabeng tsa ts'ebetso boema-fofane Spain le Portugal Webosaete:http://cocae.aena.es/en/home-en/ 9.Spanish Meterological Society(SEM) - e kopanya litsebi tse sebetsanang le boemo ba leholimo kapa saense e amanang le eona ho ntšetsa pele menyetla ea lipatlisiso ka har'a sebaka sena. sebaka sa marang-rang:http/https//sites.google.com/view/sociedad-semen/homespan> Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela ho tsoa palo e kholo ea mekhatlo ea Spain. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mekhatlo ena e na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho emeleng, ho khothaletsang, le ho fana ka tšehetso ho liindasteri tse fapaneng.

Liwebsaete tsa khoebo le tsa khoebo

Ho na le liwebsaete tse 'maloa tsa moruo le tsa khoebo Spain tse fanang ka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le moruo oa naha, khoebo le menyetla ea khoebo. Tse ling tsa tsona ke tsena hammoho le liaterese tsa sebaka sa bona sa Marang-rang: 1. Webosaete ea semmuso ea Lekhotla la Khoebo la Spain: http://www.camaras.org/en/home/ Webosaete ena e fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e felletseng mabapi le moruo oa Spain, mafapha a khoebo, thuso ea machaba, le lipalo-palo tsa khoebo. 2. Spain Global Trade Portal: https://www.spainbusiness.com/ Sethala sena se fana ka leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le menyetla ea khoebo ea Spain ho pholletsa le makala a mangata. E kenyelletsa lintlha tse mabapi le merero ea matsete, litlaleho tsa mebaraka, lits'ebeletso tsa banka bakeng sa lik'hamphani, le lisebelisoa tsa khoebo tsa machabeng. 3. ICEX Spain Trade & Investment: https://www.icex.es/icex/es/index.html Webosaete ea semmuso ea ICEX (Institute for Foreign Trade) e fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le ho etsa khoebo Spain. E fana ka tataiso ho lik'hamphani tsa kantle ho naha tse ratang ho tsetela kapa ho hola 'marakeng oa Spain. 4. Tsetela Spain: http://www.investinspain.org/ Sebaka sena sa marang-rang sa mmuso se hlahisa litaba tse amanang le matsete tse etselitsoeng mafapha a fapaneng joalo ka bohahlauli, nts'etsopele ea meaho, meaho ea thepa, libaka tsa boikhathollo tsa theknoloji, merero ea matla a ka nchafatsoang jj. 5. Websaeteng ea Setsi sa Sechaba sa Lipalo-palo (INE): https://www.indexmundi.com/spain/economy_profile.html Webosaete ea INE e fana ka matšoao a moruo joalo ka sekhahla sa kholo ea GDP; mekhoa ea baahi; data e khethehileng indastering; lipalo-palo tsa 'maraka oa basebetsi joalo-joalo, tse ka thusang likhoebo ho lekola menyetla e ka bang teng ea matsete. 6. Barcelona Activa Business Support Agency: http://w41.bcn.cat/activaciobcn/cat/tradebureau/welcome.jsp?espai_sp=1000 E tsepamisitsoe ka ho khetheha ho Barcelona e le setsi sa bohlokoa sa moruo ka hare ho Spain sebaka sena se fana ka tšehetso le lisebelisoa bakeng sa likhoebo tsa lehae hammoho le ba batlang ho theha ts'ebetso kapa ho tsetela sebakeng seo. 7. Moifo oa Khoebo oa Madrid: https://www.camaramadrid.es/es-ES/Paginas/Home.aspx Webosaete ea kamore ena e fana ka tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le liketsahalo tsa marang-rang, lits'ebeletso tsa khoebo, le meketjana ea khoebo e tšoaretsoeng Madrid le ho khothaletsa kholo ea khoebo le menyetla ea ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa machaba sebakeng seo. Liwebsaete tsena li ka sebetsa e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa batho ka bomong kapa lik'hamphani tse batlang ho utloisisa maemo a moruo a Spain, ho hlahloba menyetla ea matsete, kapa ho theha likamano tsa khoebo naheng eo.

Liwebosaete tsa lipotso tsa khoebo

Ho na le liwebosaete tse 'maloa tsa lipotso tsa khoebo tse fumanehang Spain. Mona ke lethathamo la tse ling tsa tsona tse nang le li-URL tsa tsona: 1. Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) - Websaeteng ena e fana ka lintlha tse feletseng tsa khoebo le lipalo-palo tsa Spain. URL: https://www.ine.es/en/welcome.shtml 2. Lekala la Indasteri, Khoebo le Bohahlauli - Webosaete ea semmuso ea Lekala la 'Muso oa Spain e fana ka tlhahisoleseling le lintlha tse amanang le khoebo. URL: https://www.mincotur.gob.es/en-us/Paginas/default.aspx 3. ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones - Ena ke sebaka sa semmuso sa mmuso oa Spain mabapi le matsete a machabeng le kantle ho naha. URL: https://www.icex.es/icex/es/index.html 4. Banco de España (Bank of Spain) - Webosaete ea banka e bohareng e fana ka matšoao a moruo ho kenyelletsa le data ea khoebo. URL: http://www.bde.es/bde/en/ 5. Eurostat - Le hoja e sa tobane le Spain, Eurostat e bokella lipalo-palo tse felletseng tsa European Union ho kenyeletsa le lipalo tsa khoebo bakeng sa linaha tseo e leng litho tse kang Spain. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/home Ka kopo hlokomela hore liwebsaete tse ling li ka hloka khetho ea puo kapa tsa fana ka likhetho tsa ho li sheba ka Senyesemane haeba li fumaneha leqepheng la bona. Liwebosaete tsena li tla u fa leseli la morao-rao mabapi le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, tekanyo ea khoebo, litefiso, phallo ea matsete, le lintlha tse ling tse amanang le khoebo mabapi le naha ea Spain.

Li-platform tsa B2b

Spain, kaha ke naha e tsoetseng pele e nang le moruo o matla, e fana ka liforomo tse fapaneng tsa B2B bakeng sa likhoebo ho hokahana le ho sebelisana. Mona ke li-platform tsa B2B Spain hammoho le liwebsaete tsa bona tse fapaneng: 1. SoloStocks (www.solostocks.com): SoloStocks ke e 'ngoe ea li-platform tsa e-commerce tse ka sehloohong Spain tse hokahanyang bareki le barekisi ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng. 2. TradeKey (www.tradekey.com): TradeKey ke 'maraka oa machaba oa B2B o tsamaisang khoebo pakeng tsa lik'hamphani tsa Spain le bareki ba lefats'e, e fanang ka lihlahisoa le litšebeletso tse ngata. 3. Global Sources (www.globalsources.com): Global Sources ke sethala se seng se hlahelletseng sa B2B moo bahlahisi le barekisi ba Spain ba ka bonts'ang lihlahisoa tsa bona ho bareki ba machabeng, ho ntlafatsa phihlello ea khoebo ea bona. 4. Europages (www.europages.es): Europages ke bukana e felletseng ea marang-rang e lumellang likhoebo ho ntšetsa pele lihlahisoa/litšebeletso tsa tsona ha li ntse li hokahana le bao e ka bang balekane ba khoebo ho pholletsa le Europe. 5. Toboc (www.toboc.com): Toboc e fana ka sethala sa khoebo sa lefats'e bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa Spain tse batlang ho atolosa phihlello ea tsona ea 'maraka ka ho li hokahanya le bareki/bafepedi ba machaba ba netefalitsoeng. 6. Hello Companies (hellocallday.com/en/sector/companies/buy-sell-in-spain.html): Hello Companies e tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea ho hokahanya likhoebo tsa Spain ka har'a 'maraka oa lehae, ho li nolofalletsa ho reka kapa ho rekisa thepa/litšebeletso ka katleho. 7. EWorldTrade(eworldtrade.com/spain/) : EWorldTrade e fana ka sethala se pharalletseng moo barekisi ba Spain ba ka hokahanang le bareki ba machabeng le ho hlahloba limmaraka tse ncha lefatšeng ka bophara. 8. Ofertia (ofertia.me/regional/es/madrid/ecommerce.html) : Ofertia e sebetsa ka thata ho bapatsa litumellano tsa lehae ho tsoa ho barekisi ba Spain, e koala ka nepo lekhalo lipakeng tsa mabenkele a litene le seretse le bareki ba inthaneteng. Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela ea li-platform tsa B2B tse fumanehang Spain; ho ka 'na ha e-ba le li-platform tse ling tse khethehileng kapa tse khethehileng tsa indasteri tse fanang ka litlhoko tse khethehileng. Ka kopo hlokomela hore liwebsaete le ho fumaneha ha tsona ho ka fetoha. Ho khothalletsoa ho etela liwebsaete tse boletsoeng bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le lits'ebeletso tse fanoang 'marakeng oa Spain oa B2B.
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