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Limmaraka tse ka Sehloohong
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Kakaretso ea Naha
Moldova, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Moldova, ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. E arolelana meeli ea eona le Romania ka bophirimela le Ukraine ka leboea, bochabela le boroa. Le hoja Moldova e le e 'ngoe ea linaha tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa Europe, e na le histori e ruileng le setso se ikhethang. Kaha Moldova e na le baahi ba ka bang limilione tse 2,6, boholo ba eona e entsoe ka merabe ea Moldova. Leha ho le joalo, ho boetse ho na le lichaba tsa bohlokoa tsa Maukraine, Marussia le Mabulgaria a lulang ka har’a meeli ea eona. Puo ea molao e buuoang naheng eo ke Seromania. Moldova e ile ea fumana boipuso ho Soviet Union ka 1991 ’me ho tloha ka nako eo e ’nile ea loanela ho tsitsisa moruo le lipolotiki. Moruo oa eona o itšetlehile haholo ka temo, haholo-holo tlhahiso ea veine - e etsa hore e be e 'ngoe ea barekisi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba veine Europe. Ho phaella moo, liindasteri tsa tlhahiso tse kang masela le mechine li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa moruong oa Moldova. Chisinau e sebetsa e le motse-moholo le setsi sa setso sa Moldova. Toropo e na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea meralo e susumetsoang ke classicism ea Western Europe le Soviet modernism. Baeti ba ka bona libaka tse ntle tse kang Cathedral Park kapa ba natefeloa ke lijo tsa setso lireschorenteng tsa lehae tse tsebahalang ka lijana tsa bona tse monate tse kang placinte (likuku tse halikiloeng) kapa mămăliga (mush oa poone). Batho ba Moldova ba motlotlo ka meetlo ea bona kaha 'mino ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea setso sa bona. Metjeko ea setso e kang hora e tumme nakong ea mekete kapa mekete - ho bontša liaparo tsa setso tse mebala-bala tse khabisitsoeng ka mekhabiso e rarahaneng. Ho sa tsotellehe libaka tsa eona tse ntle tse haufi le Nōka ea Nistru kapa libaka tsa eona tsa histori tse kang Orheiul Vechi Monastery e betliloeng mafikeng a majoe a mokoetla; Liphephetso tsa lipolotiki li amme tsoelo-pele ea Moldova lilemong tsa morao tjena. Leha ho le joalo, matsapa a mabapi le liphetoho a tsoela pele ho matlafatsa demokrasi ha a ntse a batla tšebelisano e haufi le linaha tseo e leng litho tsa European Union. Qetellong, Moldova ke naha e nyenyane empa e le e phelang e fang baeti monyetla oa ho ikakhela ka setotsoana meetlong e ruileng ha ba ntse ba hlahloba botle ba tlhaho.
Chelete ea Naha
Moldova, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Moldova, ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Chelete e sebelisoang Moldova e bitsoa Leu ea Moldova (MDL). Leu ea Moldova esale e le chelete ea molao ea naha ho tloha ka 1993, e nkela ruble ea Soviet sebaka ka mor'a hore Moldova e fumane boipuso ho Soviet Union. Letšoao le sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa chelete ke "₼", 'me e arotsoe ka 100 bani. Lipampiri tse tsamaisoang li fumaneha ka lihlopha tsa 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 'me ka linako tse ling esita le boleng bo phahameng ho fihlela ho 500 lei. Mokhatlo o mong le o mong o na le moralo o ikhethang o nang le batho ba bohlokoa ba nalane kapa matšoao a emelang setso le lefa la Moldova. Lichelete tsa tšepe li boetse li sebelisoa hammoho le li-banknotes 'me li tla ka lihlopha tse fapa-fapaneng tse kang thibelo e le 1 (theko e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa), hammoho le lichelete tsa tšepe tsa boleng ba li-bani tse 5 le tse ngata tse leshome ho ea ho leu e le' ngoe. Lichelete tsena tsa tšepe li bontša matšoao a naha kapa likarolo tse hlokomelehang tse tsoang libakeng tse fapaneng ka hare ho Moldova. Lichelete tsa kantle ho naha tse kang lidolara tsa Amerika kapa li-euro li ka fapanyetsanoa libankeng kapa liofising tse lumelletsoeng tsa phapanyetsano ho pholletsa le litoropo tse kholo le libaka tsa bahahlauli. Ho eletsoa hore bahahlauli ba nke chelete ea lehae ha ba etela Moldova hobane likhoebo tse ling li kanna tsa hana ho amohela lichelete tsa kantle ho naha ka kotloloho. Ho phaella moo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lipampiri tsa chelete tsa maiketsetso e bile bothata lilemong tsa morao tjena Moldova. Ka hona, baahi le baeti ba lokela ho ba hlokolosi ha ba sebelisa chelete le ho leka ho netefatsa bonnete ba eona ka ho hlahloba likarolo tsa ts'ireletso tse fanoeng lipampiring tsa 'nete. Ka kakaretso, ha u ntse u etela kapa u etsa khoebo Moldova ho bohlokoa ho itloaetsa chelete ea naha - Leu ea Moldova - likereke tsa eona, mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso, le litemoso tse nepahetseng khahlano le chelete ea maiketsetso bakeng sa boiphihlelo bo bonolo ba lichelete nakong ea hau u le moo.
Sekhahla sa phapanyetsano
Chelete ea molao ea Moldova ke Leu ea Moldova (MDL). Ha e le litefiso tsa phapanyetsano khahlano le lichelete tse kholo tsa lefats'e, ka kopo hlokomela hore li fetoha khafetsa. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha ka Loetse 2021, likhakanyo tsa phapanyetsano ke tsena: 1 USD = 18,80 MDL 1 EUR = 22,30 MDL 1 GBP = 25.90 MDL 1 JPY = 0,17 MDL Ka kopo hopola hore litefiso tsena li ka fetoha, 'me ho bohlokoa ho botsa mohloli o tšepahalang kapa setsi sa lichelete bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling ea morao-rao pele u etsa liphetoho kapa litšebelisano tsa lichelete.
Matsatsi a Phomolo a Bohlokwa
Moldova, e leng naha e nyenyane e pota-potiloeng ke leoatle e Europe Bochabela, e keteka matsatsi a mangata a phomolo a bohlokoa selemo ho pota. O mong oa mekete ea bohlokoa Moldova ke Letsatsi la Tokoloho, le ketekoang ka la 27 August. Letsatsi lena la phomolo le tšoaea ho ipusa ha naha ho Soviet Union ka 1991. Ka letsatsi lena, batho ba bokana ho ea kopanela mekolokong, likonsarete le liketsahalong tse ling tsa setso tse bontšang histori le meetlo ea Moldova. Matsatsi a mang a phomolo a bohlokoa ke Sontaha sa Paseka, e leng bohlokoa bo boholo ba bolumeli ho baahi ba bangata ba Moldova bao e leng Bakreste ba Orthodox. Mekete ena e kenyelletsa ho ea litšebeletsong tsa kereke tse lateloang ke ho keteka le ba lelapa le metsoalle. Mahe a setso a pente e khubelu a fapanyetsanoa e le matšoao a bophelo bo bocha le nchafatso. Mărțișor ke mokete o mong o hlokomelehang o tšoaroang ka la 1 Hlakubele selemo se seng le se seng. Mokete ona o bolela ho fihla ha nako ea selemo 'me o metse ka metso mekhoeng ea khale ea Roma. Nakong ea Mărțișor, batho ba fapanyetsana mekhabiso e menyenyane e entsoeng ka likhoele tse tšoeu le tse khubelu tse lohiloeng tse tšoantšetsang bohloeki le bophelo bo botle ha ba ntse ba leleka meea e khopo. Letsatsi la Naha la Veine ke mokete o sa tloaelehang o ketekoang selemo le selemo ka la 6-7 Mphalane ho tlotla lefa la ho etsa veine la Moldova. E le e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa veine lefatšeng ka bophara, e bonts'a lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa veine ka ho li latsoa hammoho le litšoantšiso tsa setso. Ho feta moo, Keresemese ke ea bohlokoa haholo Moldova e le nako ea ho shebella bolumeli le ho bokana ha malapa mafelong a December. Batho ba etela likereke bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa khitla pele ba khutlela hae ho ea thabela lijo tsa mokete hammoho ba pota-potile sefate se khabisitsoeng ka bokhabane sa Keresemese. Ka kakaretso, mekete ena e emela likarolo tse fapaneng tsa setso sa Moldova - ho tloha ntoeng ea eona ea boipuso ho ea ho litumelo tsa eona tse matla tsa bolumeli hammoho le kamano ea eona e tebileng le lefa la tlhahiso ea veine - tsohle li kenya letsoho ho theheng boitsebiso bo ikhethang ba naha bo ntseng bo tsoela pele ho atleha kajeno.
Boemo ba Khoebo ea Kantle ho Naha
Moldova ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela, e moeling oa Romania ka bophirimela le Ukraine ka leboea, bochabela le boroa. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona le mehloli ea eona e fokolang, Moldova e na le lefapha le sebetsang la khoebo le phethang karolo ea bohlokoa moruong oa eona. Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse rekisetsoang Moldova linaheng tse ling li akarelletsa lihlahisoa tsa temo tse kang litholoana, meroho, veine, koae, lijo-thollo le masela. Tlhahiso ea veine e bohlokoa haholo moruong oa naha kaha ke e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe Bochabela. Ho feta moo, Moldova e na le lefapha le ntseng le hola la theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling le romellang lits'ebeletso tsa ntlafatso ea software kantle ho naha. Mabapi le balekane ba khoebo, Moldova e na le likamano tse matla tsa moruo le linaha tse ka hare ho European Union (EU). EU ke balekane ba eona ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba khoebo ba ikarabellang bakeng sa karolo e kholo ea thepa le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Russia e emetse 'maraka o mong oa bohlokoa oa thepa ea Moldova e kang litholoana le veine. Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore Moldova e tobane le mathata a 'maloa lekaleng la eona la khoebo. Khohlano e sa rarolloang le Transnistria—sebaka se ikarotseng se haufi le moeli oa eona o ka bochabela—e baka litšitiso khoebong ka lebaka la ho se tsitse ha lipolotiki le phihlello e thibetsoeng ea limmaraka tse itseng. Ho feta moo, ho kena ha Moldova ho Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (WTO) ho ile ha bula menyetla e mecha empa hape ho ile ha pepesetsa liindasteri tsa lehae tlholisanong e matla ea machaba. Ho rarolla liqholotso tsena, mmuso o ntse o kenya tšebetsong mehato e fapaneng joalo ka ho ntlafatsa meaho, ho lokisa mekhoa ea lekhetho, le ho fapanyetsana limmaraka tse tsoang kantle ho naha, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba bona ba khoebo. Ka kakaretso, lekala la khoebo la Moldova le bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ts'ehetsa moruo oa eona. Mmuso o ntse o tsoela pele ho khothaletsa maano a reretsoeng ho hohela matsete a kantle ho naha ha a ntse a holisa mebaraka ea kantle ho naha, ho nts'etsapele likamano tsa khoebo ea machabeng.
Monyetla oa Nts'etsopele ea Maraka
Moldova, e leng naha e nyenyane e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela, e na le monyetla o moholo oa ho ntšetsa pele ’maraka oa eona oa khoebo linaheng tse ling. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona, Moldova e na le melemo e 'maloa e ikhethang e tlatsetsang karolong ea eona e hlahang e le molekane ea tšepisang oa khoebo. Taba ea pele, sebaka sa leano la Moldova lipakeng tsa Romania le Ukraine se e fa monyetla oa ho fihlella limmaraka tsa European Union le Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Boemo bona bo molemo bo fa likhoebo tsa Moldova ho kena habonolo lihlopheng tsena tse kholo tsa khoebo, ho li nolofalletsa ho sebelisana le bareki ba bangata. Taba ea bobeli, Moldova e tsebahala ka temo ea eona le lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo. Naha ena e na le mobu o nonneng le maemo a leholimo a matle a loketseng ho lema litholoana, meroho, morara le lijo-thollo. Ka lebaka leo, lekala la temo ke le leng la lintho tse susumetsang moruo oa Moldova. Indasteri ea veine ea naha e hlahella ka ho ikhetholla sebakeng sa eona le bokhoni ba eona ba ho rekisa kantle ho naha. Ka ho sebelisa molemo ona ka matšolo a ho bapatsa a totobatsang boleng le ho ikhetha, barekisi ba thepa ea Moldova ba ka hohela bareki ba machaba ba batlang lihlahisoa tsa temo tsa boleng bo holimo. Ho feta moo, Moldova e nkoa e le setsi sa tlhahiso e tlaase ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa basebetsi ha e bapisoa le Europe Bophirimela kapa Amerika Leboea. Monyetla ona oa litšenyehelo o etsa hore e be sebaka se khahlang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lits'ebetso kapa ho theha likhoebo tse kopaneng makaleng a kang masela kapa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Ho sebelisa monyetla ona ho ka thusa ho hohela matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha ha ho ntse ho eketsa mefuta e fapaneng ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho thepa e amanang le temo. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mekhatlo ea 'muso le mekhatlo ea machaba e entse boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso tsa motheo Moldova. Likhokahano tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa lipalangoang li tla thusa khoebo e thellang lipakeng tsa linaha tsa boahelani le ho ntlafatsa khokahano le litsi tsa moruo tsa tikoloho joalo ka Bucharest kapa Kyiv. Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela mathata a mang a lokelang ho hlōloa bakeng sa khōlo e tsitsitseng ea tsoelo-pele ea khoebo ea linaheng tse ling Moldova. Matshwenyeho a bohlokwa a kenyeletsa maemo a bobodu ka hara naha a ka sitisang boramatsete kapa balekane ba ka bang teng; tsitsipano e tsoelang pele ea lipolotiki e ka amang botsitso; mefuta-futa e fokolang ho feta lihlahisoa tsa temo; meralo e sa lekaneng ea taolo; le mefokolo ea thekenoloji e sitisang ho amoheloa ha khoebo ea dijithale. Qetellong, Moldova e bonts'a monyetla o moholo oa ho holisa 'maraka oa eona oa khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Sebaka sa naha, matla a temo, ho khona ho reka e le setsi sa tlhahiso, le ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso tsa motheo, li tlatsetsa boemong ba eona bo tšepisang. Ho sebetsana le liphephetso tse teng ho tla ba bohlokoa ho elelloa monyetla ona le ho theha Moldova e le molekane ea tšepahalang le ea nang le tlholisano ea khoebo sethaleng sa lefats'e.
Lihlahisoa tse rekisoang tse chesang 'marakeng
Ho khetha lihlahisoa tse nepahetseng bakeng sa 'maraka oa khoebo oa kantle ho naha oa Moldova e ka ba mohato oa bohlokoa ho fihlela katleho mesebetsing ea kantle ho naha. Mona ke lintlha tse 'maloa tseo u ka li nahanang ha u khetha lintho tse rekisoang haholo bakeng sa' maraka oa Moldova: 1. Patlisiso ea 'maraka: Ho etsa lipatlisiso tse felletseng tsa mmaraka ho bohlokoa ho tseba litlhoko le likhetho tsa bareki ba Moldova. Utloisisa setso sa lehae, mekhoa ea hajoale, le boitšoaro ba bareki ho fumana hore na ke lihlahisoa life tse ka rekisoang hantle. 2. Limmaraka tsa niche tse reriloeng: Khetholla limmaraka tsa niche tse nang le bokhoni bo phahameng empa tlholisano e tlase. Ka ho shebana le likarolo tse itseng tsa indasteri kapa lihlopha tsa bareki, ho ba bonolo ho hlophisa lihlahisoa tsa hau ka nepo. 3. Nahana ka litlhoko tsa sebaka sa heno: Sekaseka litlhoko tsa bareki ba Moldova 'me u tobe lihlahisoa tse phethahatsang litlhoko tseo ka ho khetheha. Mohlala, ho ka ba le tlhoko ea litharollo tsa matla a ka nchafatsoang ka lebaka la litaba tse itšetlehileng ka matla. 4. Boleng ke ba bohlokoa: Etsa bonnete ba hore lihlahisoa tse khethiloeng li finyella litekanyetso tsa boleng bo phahameng kaha sena se ka ama haholo kamohelo ea bona ea 'maraka le tlhokahalo har'a bareki ba Moldova. 5. Likhetho tse baballang litšenyehelo: Fana ka litheko tse khahlang ha u ntse u boloka maemo a boleng ka ho hlahloba barekisi ba tsoang linaheng tse nang le litumellano tse ntle tsa khoebo kapa litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso. 6. Khothaletsa khetho ea tikoloho: Ka tlhokomeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea lefats'e mabapi le ts'ebetso, nahana ka ho fana ka lihlahisoa tse baballang tikoloho kapa ho ts'ehetsa mekhoa ea moshoelella ka har'a ketane ea hau ea phepelo kaha likhetho tse hlokomelang tikoloho li se li tumme limmarakeng tse ngata tsa machabeng. 7. Ho ikamahanya le moetlo: Ela hloko ho hokahanya sehlahisoa sa hau le litloaelo tsa sebaka sa heno, litloaelo le likhetho ntle le ho senya ts'ebetso ea sona kapa libaka tse ikhethang tsa thekiso. 8.Leano la ho bapatsa: Theha leano le sebetsang hantle la ho bapatsa le tsamaellanang le litšobotsi tse ikhethileng tsa 'maraka tsa Moldova joalo ka ho sebelisa sethala sa marang-rang ka katleho hammoho le mecha ea litaba e tloaelehileng joalo ka lipapatso tsa TV le seea-le-moea. 9.Hlolisa tlholisano ka linako tsohle: Lula u lebetse mesebetsi ea bahlolisani ka har'a lekala leo u le khethileng khafetsa ha u ntse u lula u le mocha ka ho qalisoa ha lihlahisoa tse ncha kapa liphetoho tsa mekhoa ea bareki. 10.Ka nqane ho meeli - nahana ka menyetla ea libaka / tsa thomello : Lekola menyetla ea ho atolosa thepa e romelloang kantle ho Moldova ka ho sebelisa limmaraka tsa tikoloho tse haufi moo ho nang le thahasello ea lihlahisoa tse tšoanang le tse tsebahalang 'marakeng oa Moldova. Ka ho nahana ka lintlha tsena, ho etsa lipatlisiso tse qaqileng tsa 'maraka, le ho fetola leano la hau ka nepo, u ka eketsa menyetla ea ho khetha lintho tse rekisoang haholo bakeng sa' maraka oa khoebo oa kantle ho naha oa Moldova.
Litšobotsi tsa bareki le tabo
Moldova ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Batho ba Moldova, ba tsejoang e le Mamoldova, ba tsebahala ka ho amohela baeti ka mofuthu le ka ho amohela baeti. Ba motlotlo haholo ka meetlo le litloaelo tsa bona, tse metseng ka metso historing le setsong sa bona. E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa bareki ba Moldova ke tlhokomelo ea bona likamanong tsa botho. Ho aha tšepo le ho boloka likhokahano tse matla ho bohlokoa ha u etsa khoebo Moldova. Ka hona, ho ipha nako ea ho theha likamano tse ntle le bareki ba lehae ho tla thusa haholo ho theha likamano tse atlehileng tsa khoebo. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea bareki ba Moldova ke khetho ea bona ea ho sebelisana sefahleho le sefahleho. Le hoja thekenoloji e entse hore puisano ea sebele e tloaelehe, baahi ba bangata ba ntse ba ananela ho kopana ka ho toba 'me ba khetha ho kopana ka seqo ho e-na le ho itšetleha feela ka mehala kapa li-imeile. Mokhoa ona oa hau o ka matlafatsa likhokahano tse matla le bareki ba sebaka sena. Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea mekhoa ea khoebo, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko litloaelo tse itseng kapa maikutlo a setso a lokelang ho qojoa ha u ntse u sebelisana le bareki ba Moldova. Ho nkoa e le ho hloka tlhompho ho buisana ka litaba tse tebileng tse kang lipolotiki kapa litaba tse tsosang khang ntle le haeba li qaliloe ke baahi ka bobona. Ho phaella moo, ho boloka nako ke ntho ea bohlokoa haholo setsong sena; ka hona, ho fihla ka mor’a nako bakeng sa liboka kapa linako tse behiloeng ho ka nkoa e le ho hloka tlhompho. Ho feta moo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore boinyenyefatso le boikokobetso ke litšobotsi tse nkoang e le tsa bohlokoa sechabeng sa Moldova. Ho ithorisa ka lintho tseo motho a li finyeletseng kapa ho ikhantša ka leruo ho ka lemohuoa hampe ke batho ba moo. Ka bokhutšoanyane, batho ba Moldova ba tsebahala ka ho amohela baeti ka mofuthu 'me ba ananela ho haha ​​maqhama ha ba etsa khoebo. Litšebelisano tsa sefahleho le sefahleho li ratoa ho feta mekhoa ea puisano ea sebele ha ho khoneha. Ho bohlokoa ho qoba ho bua ka litaba tse tebileng joalo ka lipolotiki ntle le haeba li qaliloe ke moreki oa hau, itloaetse ho boloka nako nakong ea liboka / likopano, 'me u bontše boitlhompho ho e-na le ho ithorisa ka lintho tseo u li finyeletseng ha u sebetsana le bareki ba Moldova.
Sistimi ea tsamaiso ea litloaelo
Sistimi ea taolo ea lekhetho ea thepa ea Moldova e etselitsoe ho laola ho tsamaisoa ha thepa le batho ka bomong ho tšela meeli ea eona. Ha u kena kapa u tsoa naheng, ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho nahanoa. Taba ea pele, baeti ba lokela ho hlokomela hore ho hlokahala hore ba phatlalatse thepa leha e le efe e fetang meeli e itseng, e kang chelete ea chelete kapa lintho tsa bohlokoa. Moldova e na le meeli e tobileng ea chelete ea lehae le ea kantle ho naha e ka tlisoang kapa ea ntšoa ka ntle ho phatlalatso. Ho feta moo, lintho tse ling tse kang lithunya, lithethefatsi le lintho tse entsoeng ka setso li hloka mangolo a tumello 'me li tlas'a melao e thata. Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa hore baeti ba be le litokomane tsa ho eta tse nepahetseng joalo ka li-passport tse nang le nako e nepahetseng. Ho phaella moo, haeba u rera ho lula Moldova matsatsi a fetang 90 nakong ea matsatsi a 180 kapa u etsa mesebetsi ea mosebetsi naheng eo, u tla lokela ho fumana visa e loketseng kapa tumello ea bolulo esale pele. Taolo ea lekhetho boema-fofaneng le ho tšela meeli e kenyelletsa ho hlahlojoa ha thepa le ho fana ka tlamo ea liforomo tsa phatlalatso ea lekhetho bakeng sa lintho tse itseng tse tlisoang ka har'a naha. Ho bohlokoa hore u se ke ua feta meputso ea mahala ha u nkile thepa e kang lihlahisoa tsa koae kapa joala. Ho feta moo, Moldova e latela litekanyetso tsa machaba mabapi le ho romelloa kantle ho naha ho thibetsoeng ho kenyeletsoa le lithethefatsi/lisebelisoa tse laoloang le thepa e meng e seng molaong. Batsamai ba lokela ho qoba ho tsamaisa thepa e joalo kaha sena se ka lebisa ho kotlo e boima. Ho tsamaisa tsela e bonolo libakeng tsa taolo ea lekhetho Moldova: 1. Netefatsa hore litokomane tsa hao tsa ho eta li nepahetse. 2. Itloaetse li- allowances tsa mahala. 3. Hlompha melawana mabapi le ditheko tse thibetsweng/tse thibetsweng ho reka kantle ho naha. 4. Phatlalatsa lintho life kapa life tse hlokahalang tse fetang meeli e lumelletsoeng. 5. Tšebelisano 'moho le ba boholong nakong ea tlhahlobo ea lekhetho. Ka ho latela melao le litataiso tse behiloeng ke balaoli ba lekhetho la thepa ea Moldova ha u kena kapa u tsoa naheng eo, leeto la hau le ke ke la ba le mathata ha u ntse u latela melao ea bona.
Melao ea lekhetho e tsoang kantle ho naha
Moldova, kaha e le setho sa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (WTO) ’me e saenetse litumellano tse fapa-fapaneng tsa khoebo e sa lefelloeng, e kentse tšebetsong tsamaiso e batlang e lokolohile ea lekhetho la thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling. Naha e ikemiseditse ho kgothaletsa kgwebisano ya kantle ho naha le ho hohela matsete ka ho boloka ditshitiso tse tlase tsa ho reka thepa kantle ho naha. Ka kakaretso, Moldova e sebelisa litefiso tsa ad valorem ho thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Litefiso tsena li baloa e le peresente ea boleng ba lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Litefiso li fapana ho latela mofuta oa sehlahisoa mme li ka tloha ho 0% ho isa ho 64%. Mmuso o entse matsapa a ho fokotsa lekgetho la ho reka kantle ho naha e le ho kgothalletsa kgolo ya moruo. Moldova e fana ka phekolo e khethehileng ho lihlahisoa tse tsoang linaheng tseo e saenneng le tsona litumellano tsa khoebo e sa lefelloeng kapa litumellano tse ling tsa khoebo ea linaha tse peli, tse kang European Union (EU) le linaha tse ka har’a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Ka lebaka leo, lihlahisoa tsena li ka rua molemo ho tsoa lekhethong le fokotsehileng kapa le sa lefisoeng ho tsoa kantle. Ho feta moo, Moldova e fana ka phekolo e khethehileng bakeng sa mafapha kapa liindasteri tse itseng tse reretsoeng ho tšehetsa tlhahiso ea lehae. Sena se kenyelletsa litefiso tse tlase tsa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha tse sebelisoang makaleng a bohlokoa joalo ka temo le tlhahiso, e thusang ho phahamisa bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea lehae. Ho bohlokoa hore likhoebo tse etsang khoebo ea machaba le Moldova li itloaetse litefello tse khethehileng tse sebetsang lihlahisoa tsa tsona ka ho sheba mehloli e tšepahalang e kang liwebsaete tsa molao tsa lekhetho kapa ho ikopanya le balaoli ba amehang. Hape ke habohlokoa hore re elelloe hore litšitiso tseo e seng tsa litefiso li ka ba teng hammoho le lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, joalo ka litlhoko tsa laesense kapa melaoana ea tekheniki e behiloeng bakeng sa maemo a polokeho. Ka kakaretso, leano la Moldova la lekgetho la ho reka kantle ho naha le ikemiseditse ho nolofatsa kgwebo ya matjhaba ha le ntse le tshehetsa diindaseteri tsa lehae ka mekgwa e kgethehileng.
Melao ea lekhetho ea kantle ho naha
Moldova, e leng naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela, e sebelisitse maano a mangata mabapi le ho lefisa thepa e romeloang kantle ho naha lekhetho. Naha e matlafatsa kgolo ya moruo wa yona ka ho romela kantle ho naha mme e thehile tsamaiso e ntle ya lekgetho ho hohela matsete a kantle ho naha. Leano la lekhetho la thepa ea kantle ho naha la Moldova le ikemiselitse ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea khoebo le ho khothaletsa khoebo ea machabeng. Mmuso o entse matsapa a ho nolofatsa le ho fokotsa lekgetho la diyantle tsa dihlahiswa tse fapaneng. Thepa e ngata e lokollotsoe lekhethong la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ka botlalo kapa ho latela litefiso tse tlase. Ka kakaretso, Moldova e beha lekhetho la boleng bo eketsehileng (VAT) ho boholo ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ka sekhahla se tloaelehileng sa 20%. Leha ho le joalo, lihlahisoa tse ling tse kang tsa temo li ka rua molemo ho tsoa ho litefiso tse fokolitsoeng tsa VAT kapa VAT e kenyellelitsoeng lefela. Ho feta moo, Moldova e fana ka kalafo e khethehileng ea lekhetho bakeng sa liindasteri kapa libaka tse itseng ho khothaletsa kholo ea tsona. Mohlala, naha e fana ka litokiso kapa lekhetho le fokolitsoeng bakeng sa ho romela lits'ebeletso tsa IT kantle ho naha kaha e batla ho nts'etsapele lekala la eona la theknoloji. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, libaka tse ling tse khethiloeng e le libaka tse sa lefelloeng tsa moruo li natefeloa ke maemo a matle joalo ka litefiso tse tlase tsa lekhetho la likhoebo le mekhoa e nolofalitsoeng ea lekhetho bakeng sa thomello ea tsona kantle ho naha. Ho tsamaisa khoebo le linaha tsa boahelani tse kang Ukraine le Romania, Moldova e nka karolo litumellanong tse fapaneng tsa khoebo tsa libaka. Hangata litumellano tsena li kenyelletsa litokisetso tsa ho felisa lekhetho la lekhetho lihlahisoa tse itseng kapa ho li fokotsa haholo. Ho bohlokoa ho elelloa hore litefiso tsa ho reka kantle ho naha li ka fapana ho latela mofuta oa sehlahisoa le maemo a mmaraka. Ka hona, likhoebo tse amehang ho romelleng thepa ho tsoa Moldova li lokela ho buisana le balaoli ba lehae kapa baeletsi ba litsebi hore li lule li nchafalitsoe ka melaoana e itseng ea lekhetho e sebetsang lekaleng la tsona. Ka kakaretso, leano la Moldova la lekgetho la thepa e tswang kantle le ikemiseditse ho thea tikoloho e kgontshang dikgwebo ka ho boloka makgetho a le tlase ha a ntse a phahamisa diindaseteri tsa bohlokwa ka ho kgothalletsa le ho kenya letsoho ditumellanong tsa kgwebo tsa lebatowa.
Ho hlokahala litifikeiti bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle
Moldova, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Moldova, ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. E re ka Moldova e le naga e nnye e e nang le ikonomi e e tlhabologang, e ikaegile thata ka dithomelo tsa yona tse di romelwang kwa ntle go tsweletsa kgolo ya ikonomi le tlhabololo. Bakeng sa ho nolofatsa khoebo ea machaba le ho netefatsa boleng le polokeho ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha, Moldova e na le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa setifikeiti sa kantle ho naha. Ditifikeiti tsena di reretswe ho netefatsa hore dihlahiswa di fihlella maemo le melawana e itseng e behilweng ke mekgatlo ya naha le ya matjhaba. Setifikeiti se seng sa bohlokoa sa ho romella kantle ho naha Moldova ke Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho. Tokomane ena e sebetsa e le bopaki ba hore thepa e hlahisoa kapa e etsoa ka har'a meeli ea naha. Hangata e hlokoa ke balaoli ba lekhetho ba linaha tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ho etsa qeto ea ho tšoaneleha bakeng sa litefiso tse khethehileng kapa melemo ea khoebo tlas'a litumellano kapa litumellano tse itseng. Setifikeiti se seng sa bohlokoa sa ho romelloa kantle ho naha ho la Moldova ke setifikeiti sa Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS). Setifikeiti sena se netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tsa temo li latela melao ea bophelo bo botle le polokeho e amanang le bophelo bo botle ba liphoofolo, bophelo bo botle ba limela, polokeho ea lijo, le maemo a boleng. E netefatsa hore lihlahisoa li bolokehile hore li ka sebelisoa 'me ha li behe bophelo ba batho kapa ba liphoofolo kotsing. Ho feta moo, liindasteri tse ling li hloka litifikeiti tse ikhethileng ho latela mofuta oa tsona. Mohlala, bahlahisi ba lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho ba tlameha ho fumana Setifikeiti sa Organic ho tsoa mekhatlong e lumelletsoeng ho bontša ho latela mekhoa ea temo ea manyolo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, baetsi ba masela ba ka hloka setifikeiti sa Oeko-Tex Standard 100 bakeng sa thepa ea masela e se nang lintho tse kotsi. Ho fumana litifikeiti tsena Moldova, barekisi ba kantle ho naha ba hloka ho latela lits'ebetso tse boletsoeng ke ba boholong ba amehang joalo ka Lekala la Moruo kapa Setsi sa Naha sa Boemo le Metrology (MOLDAC). Hangata mekhoa ena e kenyelletsa ho fana ka litokomane tse hlokahalang, ho finyella litekanyetso tsa ho tšoaneleha, ho lefa litefiso tse loketseng, ho hlahlojoa kapa ho hlahlojoa ha ho hlokahala. Ka kakaretso, litifikeiti tsena tsa kantle ho naha li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa netefatso ea boleng ba sehlahisoa ha re ntse re ntlafatsa menyetla ea phihlello ea mebaraka bakeng sa barekisi ba kantle ho naha ba Moldova lefatšeng ka bophara.
Lisebelisoa tse khothalelitsoeng
Moldova ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona bo fokolang, Moldova e ithorisa ka thepa ea thepa e ntlafetseng e nolofalletsang ho tsamaisa thepa hantle ka hare ho naha le linaheng tse ling. Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea thepa ea malapeng, Moldova e na le marang-rang a pharaletseng a litsela le liporo tse hokahanyang metse e meholo le litsi tsa indasteri. Naha e tsetetse haholo ho ntlafatseng meralo ea eona ea lipalangoang ho theosa le lilemo, e leng se entseng hore ho be le lipalangoang tse thellang ho phatlalla le naha. Bakeng sa khoebo ea machaba, Moldova e rua molemo sebakeng sa eona se setle pakeng tsa Romania le Ukraine. Boemo bona bo fana ka phihlello e bonolo ho limmaraka tsa Europe hammoho le tse naheng ea mehleng ea Soviet Union. Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa lipalangoang bakeng sa khoebo ea machaba li kenyelletsa Boema-fofane ba Machaba ba Chisinau, Boema-kepe ba Machabeng ba Giurgiulesti, Boema-fofane ba Tiraspol ba Transnistria, le libaka tse fapaneng tsa ho tšela meeli. E le ho tsamaisa thepa ea machaba, lik'hamphani tse 'maloa tsa thepa li sebetsa ka hare ho Moldova tse fanang ka litšebeletso tse ngata tse kang ho romela thepa, ho fana ka tumello ea lekhetho, libaka tsa polokelo ea thepa le litšebeletso tsa kabo. Bafani ba bang ba bohlokoa ba thepa ba kenyelletsa DHL Express Moldova le TNT Express World Wide. Ho feta moo, Moldova ke karolo ea matsapa a fapaneng a kopanyo ea libaka tse reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba eona ba ho tsamaisa thepa. Mohlala, ke setho sa Tumellano ea Mahala ea Khoebo ea Europe Bohareng (CEFTA) e khothaletsang tšebelisano 'moho le ho tsamaisa thepa ka har'a sebaka seo. Mabapi le likhothaletso tsa ho khetha mofani oa thepa Moldova: 1. Nahana ka phihlelo ea bona: Batla lik'hamphani tse nang le tlaleho e netefalitsoeng ea ho tsamaisa thepa e eang kapa e tsoang Moldova. 2. Sheba marang-rang a bona: Netefatsa hore ba na le likhokahano tse ntle le balekane ba tšepahalang lefatšeng ka bophara bakeng sa lipalangoang tse se nang moeli. 3. Lekola litšebeletso tsa bona: Hlahloba hore na ba fana ka litšebeletso life - ho tloha ka sefofane ho ea ho sekepe - ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng. 4. Netefatsa lilaesense tsa bona: Netefatsa hore ba na le litumello/laesense tse hlokahalang tse hlokoang ke balaoli ba lehae. 5. Bala maikutlo a bareki: Sheba maikutlo a marang-rang kapa u botse litšupiso ho lekanya ho tšepahala ha bona. 6. Bapisa litheko: Kopa mantsoe a qotsitsoeng ho tsoa ho bafani ba bangata ho netefatsa hore u fumana litefiso tsa tlholisano ntle le ho sekisetsa boleng. 7. Hlahloba theknoloji le bokhoni ba ho latela: Batla lik'hamphani tse fanang ka ho latela nako ea sebele le litšebeletso tse ling tsa digital ho ntlafatsa ponahalo le katleho. Ka kakaretso, Moldova e fana ka lisebelisoa tse matla tsa thepa tse tšehetsang lipalangoang tsa thepa ka hare ho naha le linaheng tse ling. Ka ho khetha mofani oa thepa ea nepahetseng le ho nahana ka likhothaletso tsena, likhoebo li ka rua molemo melemong ea naha.
Mecha ea ntlafatso ea bareki

Lipontšo tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo

Moldova, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Moldova, ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona bo fokolang le boipuso bo batlang bo le bonyenyane (ho fumana boipuso ka 1991), Moldova e na le litsela tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tsa machaba tsa theko le lipontšo tsa khoebo. E 'ngoe ea mecha e meholo ea machaba ea ho reka thepa Moldova ke European Union (EU). Ho tloha ha e saena Tumellano ea Mokhatlo le EU ka 2014, Moldova e ruile molemo litumellanong tsa khoebo e sa lefelloeng le linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EU. Sena se lumeletse lihlahisoa tsa Moldova ho kena 'marakeng o moholo le ho hohela bareki ba machaba ho pholletsa le Europe. Mocha o mong oa bohlokoa oa ho reka thepa ke linaha tsa boahelani tse kang Romania le Ukraine. Linaha tsena li na le maqhama a nako e telele a moruo le Moldova, e leng se etsang hore e be limmaraka tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa thepa e romelloang ntle ea Moldova. Hangata bareki ba machaba ba ea lipontšong tsa khoebo le lipontšong linaheng tsena ho fumana thepa ho tsoa Moldova. Mabapi le lipontšo tsa khoebo le lipontšo tse tšoaretsoeng ka ho khetheha Moldova, ho na le liketsahalo tse 'maloa tse hlokomelehang: 1. Made In Molodva Expo: Pontšo ena ea selemo le selemo e bontša mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ke likhoebo tsa lehae ho pholletsa le makala a fapaneng a kang lijo le lino, masela, mechine, joalo-joalo. E hohela bareki ba malapeng le ba machaba ba batlang ho fumana lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng ka ho toba. ho tsoa ho baetsi ba Moldova. 2. Veine ea Matsatsi a Khoebo a Moldova: Joaloka e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa veine Europe Bochabela, ho romelloa ha veine ke karolo ea bohlokoa moruong oa Moldova. Ketsahalo ea Veini ea Moldowna Trade Days e kopanya baetsi ba veine ba lehae hammoho le litsebi tsa indasteri ea kantle le bareki ba nang le thahasello ea ho sibolla veine e ikhethang e hlahisoang ke lirapa tse fapaneng tsa morara naheng ka bophara. 3.Moldagrotech: Kaha temo e na le karolo ea bohlokoa moruong oa hosane, batseteli ba bohlokoa lefats'eng ka bophara ba bonts'a tsoelo-pele ea bona ketsahalong ena. Pontšo ena ha e hlahise lintlafatso feela, empa e boetse e hlahisa mekhoa eo ho eona ba amehang ba ka sebelisanang le ho khothaletsa likamano tsa khoebo. Theknoloji ea mehleng ea kajeno antd dynamics ea 'maraka e nolofalletsang ntlafatso ea sejoale-joale Liketsahalo tse ling tse hlokomelehang li kenyelletsa TechExpo - ho bonts'a tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji; Feshene Expo - e shebaneng le baqapi ba feshene ba Moldova; Pontšo ea Machabeng ea Bohahlauli – e khothalletsang setso se ruileng sa Moldova le libaka tsa bohahlauli. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ka lebaka la seoa se ntseng se tsoela pele sa COVID-19, liketsahalo tse ling li kanna tsa chechisoa kapa tsa fallisoa inthaneteng. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba lintlha tsa morao-rao mabapi le liketsahalo tsena pele u rera maeto a ho reka thepa kapa ho ba teng lipontšong tsa khoebo. Ka kakaretso, ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona, Moldova e khonne ho theha mecha ea bohlokoa ea ho reka thepa ea machaba ka ho kopana le EU le linaha tsa boahelani. Ho feta moo, Moldova e na le lipontšo tse fapa-fapaneng tsa khoebo le lipontšo tse bontšang liindasteri tsa eona tse sa tšoaneng, tse fanang ka menyetla ea hore bareki ba machaba ba hlahlobe le ho kena khoebong le lik'hamphani tsa Moldova.
Moldova, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Moldova, ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Mona ke lienjineri tsa ho batla tse sebelisoang hangata Moldova hammoho le li-URL tsa sebaka sa bona sa Marang-rang: 1. Google (https://www.google.md) - Google ke sebatli se tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara ebile se sebelisoa haholo Moldova. E fana ka boiphihlelo bo felletseng ba ho batla 'me e fana ka liphetho ho tsoa mehloling e fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa maqephe a webo, litšoantšo, livideo, litaba, le tse ling. 2. Yandex (https://yandex.md) - Yandex ke mochine oa ho batla oa Serussia o tsebahalang haholo Moldova. E fana ka liphetho tse nepahetseng tsa lipatlisiso le lits'ebeletso tse ling joalo ka lengolo-tsoibila, limmapa, lisebelisoa tsa bafetoleli, joalo-joalo. 3. Bing (https://www.bing.com) - Bing ke mochine oa ho batla oa Microsoft o fanang ka bokhoni ba ho batla marang-rang bo tšoanang le ba Google. Leha e sa sebelisoe haholo joalo ka Google kapa Yandex ea Moldova, e ntse e fana ka liphetho tse nepahetseng bakeng sa lipotso tse fapaneng. 4. Mail.Ru Search (https://go.mail.ru/search) - Mail.Ru Search ke e 'ngoe e tummeng ea ho batla e thehiloeng Serussia e sebelisoang ke batho ba Moldova. Hammoho le likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa ho batla marang-rang, e boetse e hokahana le lits'ebeletso tse ling tse fanoang ke Mail.Ru joalo ka lengolo-tsoibila le marang-rang a sechaba. 5. DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com) - DuckDuckGo ke sebatli se shebaneng le lekunutu se sa lateleng mesebetsi ea basebelisi ba inthaneteng kapa se bonts'a lipapatso tse ikhethileng ho latela lintlha tsa mosebelisi. Leha e sa sebelisoe hangata ha e bapisoa le lienjineri tse ling tse kholo tsa ho batla tse boletsoeng ka holimo, e ipiletsa ho basebelisi ba amehileng ka boinotši. Tsena ke tse ling tsa lienjineri tsa ho batla tse sebelisoang hangata Moldova hammoho le li-URL tsa sebaka sa bona sa marang-rang moo u ka li fihlelang bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa hau kapa litlhoko tsa tlhahisoleseling.

Maqephe a maholo a mosehla

Moldova, lethathamo la mantlha la likhoebo le lits'ebeletso tse nang le maqephe a mosehla ke YellowPages.md. Sebaka sena sa marang-rang se fana ka lethathamo le felletseng la liindasteri le likarolo tse fapaneng tse teng ka har'a naha. E sebetsa e le sesebelisoa se thusang ho batho ba batlang ho fumana lik'hamphani, lihlahisoa kapa litšebeletso tse itseng. YellowPages.md e fana ka sethala sa ho batla se fumanehang habonolo se lumellang basebelisi ho tsamaea ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng joalo ka bolulo, lireschorente, lits'ebeletso tsa makoloi, litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo, litsi tsa thuto, mekhatlo ea lichelete, lik'hamphani tsa kaho, le tse ling. Sebaka sa Marang-rang se fana ka lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le khoebo kapa tšebeletso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e thathamisitsoeng ho kenyelletsa lintlha tsa puisano (linomoro tsa mohala le liaterese tsa lengolo-tsoibila), sebaka 'mapeng se nang le karolo e sebetsanang le litaba, lihokelo tsa sebaka sa marang-rang (haeba li le teng), le maikutlo a bareki. Ntle le YellowPages.md, mohloli o mong o tšepahalang oa ho fumana likhoebo Moldova ke reco.md. Reco e emetse "Regional Economic Cooperation" mme e sebetsa joalo ka marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang a akaretsang linaha tse 'maloa ho kenyeletsoa Moldova. E thusa likhoebo tsa lehae hore li bonahale hamolemo ka ho bapatsa lihlahisoa kapa litšebeletso tsa tsona ho bareki ba naha le ba machabeng. Reco.md e thusa basebelisi ho batla lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng tse ipapisitseng le indasteri kapa sebaka sa sebaka sa Moldova. E boetse e na le ts'ebetso e nolofalitsoeng ea ho ngolisa e lumellang lik'hamphani ho iketsetsa li-profiles tse nang le lintlha tsa bohlokoa joalo ka tlhahisoleseling le litlhaloso tsa mesebetsi ea bona. Li-platform tsena tse peli li fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa baahi kapa baeti ba hlokang ho fumana likhoebo tse fapaneng makaleng a fapaneng ho pholletsa le litoropo le libaka tsa Moldova. Ka likhokahano tsa bona tse bonolo tsa basebelisi le li-database tse pharalletseng tsa lethathamo la lik'hamphani maemong a maqephe a mosehla a naha; liwebsaete tsena ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse bopang maemo a khoebo ea lehae ka ho hokahanya bareki le bafani ba litšebeletso tse nepahetseng ka nako e le ngoe feela.

Li-platform tse kholo tsa khoebo

Moldova, naha e nyane ea Europe Bochabela, e bone kholo e kholo ea li-platform tsa e-commerce lilemong tsa morao tjena. Mona ke tse ling tsa li-platform tsa mantlha tsa e-commerce Moldova hammoho le liwebsaete tsa bona: 1. Lalafo (www.lalafo.md): Lalafo ke e 'ngoe ea limmaraka tse ka sehloohong tsa marang-rang Moldova. E lumella batho ka bomong le likhoebo ho rekisa lihlahisoa tse ncha kapa tse sebelisitsoeng ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, feshene, thekiso ea matlo, likoloi le tse ling. 2. 999.md (www.999.md): 999.md ke sebaka se seng se hlahelletseng sa Maraka sa Marang-rang sa Moldova se fanang ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa le litšebeletso bakeng sa bareki le barekisi ka ho tšoana. E na le likarolo tse kang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, liaparo, thepa ea ntlo, mesebetsi, thepa le tse ling tse ngata. 3. AlegeProdus (www.AlegeProdus.com): AlegeProdus ke sethala sa mabenkele sa marang-rang moo bareki ba ka fumanang lihlahisoa tse fapaneng ho tsoa ho barekisi ba bangata ba lehae. E fana ka lihlopha tse kang lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki; feshene; botle & bophelo bo botle; lapeng & serapeng; lintho tsa bana le bana; thepa ea lipapali; lisebelisoa tsa likoloi; libuka le tse ling. 4. B2Bdoc (b2bdoc.com): B2Bdoc ke sethala sa khoebo sa e-commerce se shebaneng le litšebelisano tsa khoebo le khoebo ka har'a 'maraka oa Moldova. E kopanya barekisi le likhoebo tse batlang ho reka thepa e tala kapa lihlahisoa tse rekisoang ka theko e phahameng. 5.CityOnline (cityonline.md): CityOnline ke lebenkele la inthanete moo bareki ba ka fumanang mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa ho tloha ho li-smartphone ho ea ho lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ntlo. 6.Unishop (unishop.md ): Unishop ke sebaka sa marang-rang sa e-commerce se ikhethileng ka ho rekisa thepa e fapaneng ea bareki joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, lintho tsa ho bapala tsa bana, lisebelisoa tsa lipapali, sehlahisoa sa tlhokomelo ea botle joalo-joalo. Tsena ke tse ling tsa li-platform tsa e-commerce tse kholo tse fumanehang Moldova hajoale tse fanang ka bareki monyetla oa ho fumana lihlahisoa tse fapaneng mefuteng e fapaneng.

Mecha ea litaba e kholo ea sechaba

Moldova, e tsejoang ka molao e le Rephabliki ea Moldova, ke naha e nyenyane e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona le baahi ba eona, Moldova e na le sebaka se setle sa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba se khotsofatsang lithahasello tse fapa-fapaneng le palo ea batho. Mona ke li-platform tse tsebahalang tsa litaba tsa sechaba tse sebelisoang Moldova hammoho le liwebosaete tsa bona tse fapaneng: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - Facebook e tumme haholo lefatšeng ka bophara hape e sebelisoa haholo Moldova. E fana ka likarolo tse fapaneng joalo ka litaba tsa motho ka mong, maqephe a likhoebo le mekhatlo, lihlopha tsa lithahasello tse arolelanoang, lits'ebeletso tsa melaetsa, le phepelo ea litaba. 2. Odnoklassniki (https://ok.ru/) - Odnoklassniki ke setsi sa marang-rang se thehiloeng Serussia se fumaneng botumo bo bongata har'a batho ba Moldova. E tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea ho hokahanya batho le liithuti-'moho le bona tsa khale kapa metsoalle ea sekolo kapa univesithi. 3. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - Instagram ke sethala sa ho arolelana lifoto le livideo moo basebelisi ba ka kenyang litšoantšo kapa livideo tse khutšoane hammoho le litlhaloso kapa li-hashtag ho arolelana le balateli ba bona. 4. Twitter (https://twitter.com) - Twitter e lumella basebelisi ho beha melaetsa e khuts'oane e bitsoang "tweets" ea litlhaku tse fihlang ho 280. Batho ba ka latela li-account tsa ba bang ho bona li-tweets tsa bona lethathamong la bona la nako. 5. VKontakte (VK) (https://vk.com/) - VKontakte, eo ka tloaelo e tsejoang e le VK, ke e 'ngoe ea liwebsaete tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Europe tsa marang-rang tse tšoanang le Facebook empa li tumme haholo har'a basebelisi ba buang Serussia. 6. Thelekramo (https://telegram.org/) - Thelekramo ke sesebelisoa sa melaetsa sa hang-hang se thehiloeng marung se totobatsang boinotši le likarolo tsa ts'ireletso tse kang ho koala ho isa qetellong bakeng sa mehala ea lentsoe le melaetsa. 7. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - LinkedIn e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ho marang-rang a litsebi ka ho hokahanya batho ka bomong ho latela histori ea mosebetsi le mangolo a thuto a setsebi. 8. YouTube (https://www.youtube.com) - YouTube e sebetsa e le sethala sa ho arolelana livideo inthaneteng moo basebelisi ba ka kenyang livideo tsa bona, ho shebella litaba tse entsoeng ke ba bang, le ho sebelisana ka maikutlo le lipeeletso. 9. TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com) - TikTok ke sethala sa litaba sa sechaba se nolofalletsang basebelisi ho etsa le ho arolelana livideo tse khutšoane tse hlophisitsoeng 'mino, hangata li na le li-filters kapa litlamorao tse ikhethang. Li-platform tsena li fa batho ba Moldova monyetla oa ho hokahana le metsoalle, litho tsa malapa, likhoebo le sechaba inthaneteng. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lenane lena le ka fetoha ha nako e ntse e ea ha li-platform tse ncha li hlaha kapa tse seng li ntse li le teng li lahleheloa ke botumo.

Mekhatlo e meholo ea indasteri

Moldova, ho na le mekhatlo e mengata e meholo ea indasteri e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho emeleng le ho phahamisetseng lithahasello tsa makala a fapaneng. Mekhatlo ena e ikemiselitse ho khothaletsa kholo, nts'etsopele le tšebelisano-mmoho ka har'a liindasteri tse fapaneng. Mona ke tse ling tsa mekhatlo ea mantlha ea indasteri ea Moldova: 1. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Moldova (CCI RM): CCI RM ke mokhatlo o hlahelletseng o emelang litabatabelo tsa likhoebo tsa Moldova naheng le machabeng. E fana ka mefuta e mengata ea litšebeletso ho litho tsa eona, ho kenyeletsoa kholiso ea khoebo, ho bapisa khoebo, lits'ebeletso tsa setifikeiti, le phihlello ea tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng. Webosaete ea semmuso ke http://chamber.md/. 2. Mokhatlo oa Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le Lipuisano (ATIC): ATIC e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho nts'etsopele le ho atolosoa ha lefapha la IT ho Moldova. E ikemiselitse ho eketsa boqapi ba theknoloji, ho hohela matsete, ho ntlafatsa mananeo a koetliso ea mahlale a dijithale, le ho matlafatsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lik'hamphani tse sebetsang kahare ho lefapha lena. Lintlha tse ling li ka fumanoa ho https://www.digitalmoldova.md/en/atic-home/. 3. Wine Makers Association (WMA): WMA e na le seabo se seholo ho phahamisetseng veine ea Moldova ka hare ho naha le matjhabeng ka ho hlophisa dipontsho tse fapaneng, tatso, diseminara, jwalojwalo, ho hlakisa dihlahiswa tsa bafeine ba lehae lefatsheng ka bophara. Webosaete ea bona ea semmuso ke http://vinmoldova.md/index.php?pag=Acasa&lang=en. 4.Union LatexProducers Association: Mokhatlo ona o emela lik'hamphani tse amehang tsamaisong ea masimo a rabara hammoho le ts'ebetso ea latex bakeng sa likopo tse fapaneng tse kang lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa lihlahisoa tsa indasteri. ba ts'ehetsa mesebetsi ea koetliso bakeng sa basebetsi ba lehae ba nts'etsopele litumellano tsa tšebelisano 'moho le lik'hamphani tsa kantle ho naha tse sebetsanang le mahlale a ho lokisa rabara. Lintlha tse ling li ka fumanoa ho http://latexproducers.org/homepage-english/. Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela har'a mekhatlo e mengata e ikhethileng indastering e sebetsang makaleng a fapaneng joalo ka temo (National Farmers Federation), bohahlauli (Mokhatlo oa Indasteri ea Bohahlauli), kaho (Mokhatlo oa Baetsi ba Kaho ea Sechaba), jj. Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore lintlha tse fanoeng ka holimo li ka 'na tsa fetoha, kahoo ho molemo hore u etele liwebsaete tse amehang bakeng sa lintlha tsa morao-rao le tse nepahetseng mabapi le mekhatlo ena ea indasteri ea Moldova.

Liwebsaete tsa khoebo le tsa khoebo

Moldova ke naha e nyenyane e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona, e na le moruo o ntseng o hōla le liwebsaete tse 'maloa tse fanang ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le mesebetsi ea khoebo le moruo. Mona ke tse ling tsa liwebsaete tse kholo tsa moruo le tsa khoebo Moldova, hammoho le li-URL tsa tsona tse fapaneng: 1. Lekala la Moruo le Litšebeletso tsa Motheo: Webosaete ea semmuso ea Lekala e fana ka leseli mabapi le mafapha a fapaneng, menyetla ea matsete, maano a khoebo, le mananeo a ntlafatso ea khoebo Moldova. URL: https://mei.gov.md/en/ 2. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Moldova (CCIRM): Sebaka sena sa marang-rang se fana ka lisebelisoa bakeng sa likhoebo tse kenyeletsang buka ea khoebo, lintlha tse nchafalitsoeng, almanaka ea liketsahalo, tataiso ea matsete, le polokelong ea lintho tse tsoang kantle ho naha. URL: https://chamber.md/ 3. Agency for Investment Attraction & Export Promotion (MIEPO): MIEPO e ikemiselitse ho hohela matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha ho tla Moldova ka ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling e nepahetseng mabapi le menyetla ea matsete ho pholletsa le makala a fapaneng. URL: https://www.investmoldova.md/en 4. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Likhoebo tse Nyenyane le tse Mahareng (NASME): NASME e emela lithahasello tsa likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng (li-SME) Moldova ka ho buella maano a khoebo a matle le ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa tšehetso. URL: http://www.antem-org.md/eng/index.php 5. Lekhotla la Moruo ho Tona Kholo: Webosaete e fana ka lintlha tsa morao-rao mabapi le maano a moruo a kenngoeng tšebetsong ke mmuso ho ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella hammoho le lipalo-palo tse amanang le khoebo, phallo ea matsete, sekhahla sa mesebetsi joalo-joalo. URL: http://consiliere.gov.md/en 6. Database ea Export-Import (COMTRADE.MD): Sethala sena sa marang-rang se lumella likhoebo ho batla lipalo-palo tsa kantle ho naha tse amanang le lihlopha tse fapaneng tse kang lihlahisoa kapa linaha ka har'a nako e behiloeng. URL: https://comtrade.md/en/ 7. Ofisi ea Naha ea Lipalopalo (NBS): NBS e na le boikarabello ba ho bokella lintlha tsa lipalo-palo mabapi le likarolo tse fapaneng tse kenyeletsang li-account tsa naha, matšoao a tlhahiso ea temo, phallo ea khoebo, palo ea batho, joalo-joalo. URL: https://statistics.gov.md/?lang=en Liwebsaete tsena li fana ka tlhahisoleseding le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa likhoebo tsa lehae le tsa machaba tse thahasellang ho tsetela, ho rekisa kapa ho sebelisana le lik'hamphani tsa Moldova. Ho kgothaletswa ho hlahloba liwebsaete tsena bakeng sa lintlha tse qaqileng le tsa morao-rao mabapi le moruo oa Moldova le mesebetsi ea khoebo.

Liwebosaete tsa lipotso tsa khoebo

Ho na le liwebosaete tse 'maloa tsa lipotso tsa khoebo tse fumanehang Moldova. Mona ke tse ling tsa tsona hammoho le liaterese tsa bona tsa marang-rang: 1. Ofisi ea Naha ea Lipalopalo (NBS): NBS e fana ka lintlha tse felletseng ka lipalo-palo tsa khoebo ea machaba bakeng sa Moldova. Webosaete ea bona e fana ka phihlello ea data e fapaneng joalo ka thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, tekanyo ea khoebo le tse ling. Webosaete: http://statistics.gov.md/ 2. Moldova Trade Portal: Sethala sena sa Marang-rang se fana ka tlhahisoleseding e felletseng e amanang le khoebo le ho nolofatsa phihlello ea litokomane tsa molao, melaoana ea ho reka kantle ho naha, litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea mebaraka, le lipalo-palo tsa khoebo. Webosaete: https://www.tradeportal.md/en 3. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS ke polokelo ea boitsebiso e entsoeng ke Banka ea Lefatše e fanang ka phihlello ea lipalo-palo tsa khoebo ea thepa ea machaba le matšoao a amehang. Webosaete: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 4. United Nations Comtrade Database: Comtrade ke polokelo ea lipalopalo tsa khoebo tsa machaba tsa molao tse hlokometsoeng ke United Nations Statistics Division. E lumella basebedisi ho hlahloba lintlha tse qaqileng tsa ho kenya thepa / ho romela thepa ho ea ka naha. Webosaete: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5. International Trade Center (ITC) Trademap: Trademap e fa basebelisi lintlha tse batsi ka lipalo-palo tse mabapi le phallo ea khoebo ea lefats'e, ho kenyeletsoa le ts'ebetso ea ho romelloa kantle ho naha ea Moldova liindasteri le limmarakeng tse fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara. Webosaete: https://www.trademap.org/ Liwebsaete tsena li lokela ho u thusa ho fumana lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa moruo le tsa khoebo tsa Moldova ka ho hlahloba li-database tsa bona kapa ho sebelisa mesebetsi ea ho batla e fanoeng sethaleng sena. Hlokomela hore ho fihlella likarolo tse itseng kapa ho fumana litlaleho tse qaqileng ho ka hloka ho ingolisa kapa ho ingolisa maemong a mang.

Li-platform tsa B2b

Moldova ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e Europe Bochabela. Le ha e sa tsejoe hohle, e na le liforomo tse 'maloa tsa B2B tse sebeletsang likhoebo ka hare ho naha. Mehlala e seng mekae ke ena: 1. BizBuySell Moldova (https://www.bizbuysell.md): Sethala sena se shebane le ho reka le ho rekisa likhoebo tsa Moldova. E lumella likhoebo ho thathamisa linyehelo tsa tsona le ho hokahana le bao e ka bang bareki kapa batseteli. 2. Bukana ea Khoebo ea Moldova (https://www.moldovabd.com): Bukana ena e sebetsa e le lethathamo le felletseng la likhoebo tse fapaneng tsa Moldova ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng. E fana ka lintlha tsa ho ikopanya, lihokelo tsa sebaka sa marang-rang, le lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa k'hamphani ka 'ngoe e thathamisitsoeng. 3. Tradeford - Moldova B2B Marketplace (https://moldova.tradeford.com): Tradeford ke sethala sa machaba sa B2B se kenyeletsang karolo e inehetseng bakeng sa likhoebo tsa Moldova. Likhamphani li ka theha liprofaele, tsa bonts'a lihlahisoa kapa lits'ebeletso tsa tsona, 'me li hokahane le bareki ba machabeng kapa balekane. 4. AllBiz - Rephabliki ea Moldova (https://md.all.biz): AllBiz ke 'maraka oa marang-rang o akaretsang linaha tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa Rephabliki ea Moldova. Likhoebo li ka theha liprofaele, tsa thathamisa lihlahisoa kapa litšebeletso tse fanoang, 'me tsa buisana le bao e ka bang bareki kapa balekane. 5. GlobalTrade.net - Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Maraka sa Rephabliki ea Moldova (https://www.globaltrade.net/market-research/Moldova): GlobalTrade.net e fana ka setsi se ikhethileng sa lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka se tsepamisitseng maikutlo Rephaboliking ea Moldowa ka kotloloho e lebisitsoeng ho litšebelisano tsa khoebo le khoebo ka hare ho naha. Ka kopo hlokomela hore lipolanete tsena li kanna tsa ba le maikutlo le likarolo tse fapaneng; Kamehla ho khothaletsoa ho hlahloba sebaka ka seng ho fumana hore na ke sefe se lumellanang hantle le litlhoko tsa hau joalo ka mosebelisi ho latela litlhoko tse ikhethileng indastering kapa mesebetsi e lakatsehang bakeng sa khoebo ea hau ea Moldova.
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