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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ihlanganyela imingcele yayo neRomania ngasentshonalanga kanye ne-Ukraine enyakatho, empumalanga naseningizimu. Nakuba ingenye yamazwe amancane aseYurophu, iMoldova inomlando ocebile namagugu amasiko ayingqayizivele. Njengoba inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-2,6, iMoldova iningi labantu baseMoldova. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nemiphakathi ebalulekile yabantu base-Ukrainian, abaseRussia, namaBulgaria abahlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa kuleli zwe isiRomania. IMoldova yathola inkululeko eSoviet Union ngo-1991 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ibilokhu ilwela ukuzinza kwezomnotho nezombusazwe. Umnotho wayo uthembele kakhulu kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwewayini - okulenza libe ngelinye labathengisi bewayini abakhulu kakhulu e-Europe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni zokukhiqiza njengezindwangu nemishini zinendima ebalulekile emnothweni waseMoldova. IChisinau isebenza njengenhloko-dolobha kanye nesikhungo samasiko saseMoldova. Idolobha linezitayela ezahlukene zezakhiwo ezithonywe yi-Western Europe classicism kanye ne-Soviet modernism. Izivakashi zingahlola izindawo eziphawulekayo njenge-Cathedral Park noma zijabulele ukudla kwendabuko ezindaweni zokudlela zasendaweni ezaziwa ngokudla kwazo okumnandi njenge-placinte (amakhekhe agcwele) noma i-mămăliga (amakhowe ommbila). Abantu baseMoldova bayaziqhenya ngamasiko abo endabuko futhi umculo uyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko labo. Imidanso yabantu efana ne-hora idumile phakathi nemikhosi noma imikhosi - kuboniswa izingubo zendabuko ezimibalabala ezihlotshiswe ngokufekethisiwe okuyinkimbinkimbi. Naphezu kwezindawo zayo ezinhle eduze koMfula iNistru noma izindawo zayo zomlando njenge-Orheiul Vechi Monastery eqoshwe emaweni e-limestone; izinselele zezombangazwe zibe nomthelela entuthukweni yaseMoldova eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kodwa-ke, imizamo yokuletha izinguquko iyaqhubeka nokuqinisa intando yeningi ngenkathi ifuna ukubambisana okuseduze namazwe angamalungu e-European Union. Sengiphetha, iMoldova iyizwe elincane kodwa elinempilo elinikeza izivakashi ithuba lokucwilisa amasiko acebile kuyilapho zihlola ubuhle bemvelo.
Imali Yezwe
IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Imali esetshenziswa eMoldova ibizwa ngeMoldovan Leu (MDL). ILeu yaseMoldova bekuyimali esemthethweni yezwe kusukela ngo-1993, ithatha indawo ye-ruble yaseSoviet ngemva kokuba iMoldova ithole inkululeko eSoviet Union. Uphawu olusetshenziselwa uhlobo lwemali ngu-"₼", futhi luhlukaniswe lwaba yi-100 bani. Amanothi ebhange asakazwayo atholakala kumahlelo ka-1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namanani aphezulu afika ku-500 lei. Ihlelo ngalinye liphethe idizayini yalo eyingqayizivele enezibalo ezibalulekile zomlando noma izimpawu zendawo ezimele isiko namagugu aseMoldova. Izinhlamvu zemali ziphinde zisetshenziswe eduze kwamaphepha asebhange futhi ziza ngamahlelo ahlukahlukene njengokuvinjelwa okungu-1 (inani elincane kakhulu), kanye nezinhlamvu zemali ezibiza ama-bani angu-5 neziphindaphinda zeshumi kufika ku-leu eyodwa. Lezi zinhlamvu zibonisa izimpawu zikazwelonke noma izici eziphawulekayo ezivela ezifundeni ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwe-Moldova. Izimali zakwamanye amazwe ezifana namadola ase-US noma ama-euro zingashintshwa emabhange noma emahhovisi okushintshanisa agunyaziwe kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu nezindawo zezivakashi. Kuyatuseka ukuthi izivakashi ziphathe imali yasendaweni lapho zihamba ngaphakathi kwe-Moldova njengoba ezinye izikhungo zingase zingazamukeli izimali zakwamanye amazwe ngokuqondile. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imali engamaphepha yomgunyathi ibiyinkinga eminyakeni yamuva nje eMoldova. Ngakho-ke bobabili izakhamuzi nezivakashi kufanele baqaphe lapho bephatha ukheshi futhi bazame ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bayo ngokubheka izici zokuphepha ezinikezwe kuma-banknotes angempela. Sekukonke, ngenkathi uvakashele noma wenza ibhizinisi eMoldova kubalulekile ukujwayelana nemali kazwelonke - i-Moldovan Leu - amahlelo ayo, amaphethini okusetshenziswa, kanye nezindlela zokuphepha ezifanele ngokumelene nemali yomgunyathi ukuze uthole ulwazi lwezezimali olubushelelezi ngesikhathi sakho lapho.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseMoldova yiMoldovan Leu (MDL). Ngokuqondene namazinga okushintshanisa imali ezimalini ezinkulu zomhlaba, sicela uqaphele ukuthi ashintshashintsha njalo. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021, nanka amanani okushintshanisa alinganiselwe: I-1 USD = 18.80 MDL 1 EUR = 22.30 MDL 1 GBP = 25.90 MDL I-JPY engu-1 = 0.17 MDL Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zingase zishintshe, futhi kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlole umthombo onokwethenjelwa noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwemali noma ukuthengiselana.
Amaholide Abalulekile
IMoldova, izwe elincane elivalekile eliseMpumalanga Yurophu, igubha amaholide amaningana abalulekile unyaka wonke. Omunye wemikhosi ephawulekayo eMoldova uSuku Lokuzimela, olugujwa ngo-August 27. Leli holidi liphawula inkululeko yezwe ngaphansi kweSoviet Union ngo-1991. Ngalolu suku, abantu bayahlangana ukuze bahlanganyele emibuthweni, emakhonsathini, neminye imicimbi yamasiko ebonisa umlando namasiko aseMoldova. Elinye iholide elibalulekile iSonto Lephasika, elibaluleke kakhulu ngokwenkolo kubantu abaningi abangama-Orthodox baseMoldova. Le migubho ihlanganisa ukuya ezinkonzweni zesonto okulandelwa yidili nomndeni nabangane. Amaqanda endabuko anopende obomvu ashintshaniswa njengezimpawu zempilo entsha kanye nokuvuselelwa. I-Mărțișor omunye umgubho ophawulekayo owenziwa ngoMashi 1 minyaka yonke. Lo mkhosi ubonisa ukufika kwentwasahlobo futhi ugxile kakhulu emasikweni asendulo aseRoma. Ngesikhathi se-Mărțișor, abantu bashintshanisa imihlobiso emincane eyenziwe ngemicu ephothiwe emhlophe nebomvu efanekisela ubumsulwa nempilo kuyilapho bexosha imimoya emibi. I-National Wine Day wumkhosi ongajwayelekile ogujwa minyaka yonke ngo-Okthoba 6-7th ukuhlonipha ifa laseMoldova elicebile lokwenza iwayini. Njengomunye wabakhiqizi bewayini abakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngomuntu ngamunye, ikhombisa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezitolo zewayini ngokunambitha kanye nokudlalwa kwezamasiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKhisimusi ubaluleke kakhulu eMoldova njengesikhathi sokubukwa kwenkolo nemibuthano yomkhaya ngasekupheleni kuka-December. Abantu bavakashela amasonto ukuze benze izinkonzo zaphakathi kwamabili ngaphambi kokuba babuyele ekhaya ukuze bajabulele ukudla kwamaholide ndawonye eduze kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi esihlotshiswe kahle. Sekukonke, le mikhosi imele izici ezihlukahlukene zesiko laseMoldova - kusukela ekulweleni inkululeko kuye ezinkolelweni zayo eziqinile zenkolo kanye nokuxhumana kwayo okujulile nefa lokwenza iwayini - konke okunikela ekudaleni ubuwena obuhlukile obuqhubeka buchuma namuhla.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IMoldova iyizwe elivalekile eMpumalanga Yurophu, emngceleni weRomania ngasentshonalanga ne-Ukraine enyakatho, empumalanga naseningizimu. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, iMoldova inomkhakha wezohwebo osebenzayo odlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wayo. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yaseMoldova ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ihlanganisa imikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo, imifino, iwayini, ugwayi, okusanhlamvu, nezindwangu. Ukukhiqizwa kwewayini kubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe njengoba kungenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu. Ukwengeza, iMoldova inomkhakha okhulayo wobuchwepheshe bolwazi othumela ngaphandle izinsiza zokuthuthukisa isoftware. Mayelana nabalingani bokuhweba, iMoldova inobudlelwano obuqinile bezomnotho namazwe angaphakathi kwe-European Union (EU). I-EU inguzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba onesabelo esibalulekile sakho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthekelisa. I-Russia imele enye imakethe ebalulekile yezimpahla zaseMoldova ezifana nezithelo newayini. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iMoldova ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa emkhakheni wayo wezohwebo. Ukungqubuzana okungakaxazululwa neTransnistria—isifunda esahlubukayo esiseduze nomngcele wayo osempumalanga—kudala imigoqo ekuhwebeni ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezimakethe ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena kweMoldova kuNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (WTO) kwavula amathuba amasha kodwa kwaphinde kwabeka izimboni zasekhaya emqhudelwaneni oqinile wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselelo, uhulumeni ubelokhu esebenzisa izindlela ezehlukene ezinjengokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, ukuguqula izinqubo zezimpahla ezithengiswayo, kanye nokwehlukanisa izimakethe ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla azo okuhwebelana. Sekukonke, umkhakha wezohwebo waseMoldova udlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni umnotho wayo. Uhulumeni uyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izinqubomgomo ezihloselwe ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi andisa izimakethe zamazwe angaphandle, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, amathuba ekusasa e-Moldovato anda kanye nesizinda sokuthengiswa kwempahla sibukeka sithembisa.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IMoldova, izwe elincane elivalekile eMpumalanga Yurophu, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, i-Moldova inezinzuzo ezimbalwa eziyingqayizivele ezinomthelela endimeni yayo evelayo njengozakwethu othembisayo wokuhweba. Okokuqala, indawo ekahle ye-Moldova phakathi kwe-Romania ne-Ukraine ihlinzeka ngokufinyelela okubalulekile ezimakethe ze-European Union kanye ne-Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Lesi sikhundla esinenzuzo sinikeza amabhizinisi aseMoldova ukungena kalula kulezi zindawo ezinkulu zokuhweba, okuwenza akwazi ukungena kusisekelo sabathengi esikhulu. Okwesibili, iMoldova yaziwa ngobungcweti bayo kwezolimo kanye nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu. Leli zwe linenhlabathi evundile nesimo sezulu esivumayo esikhuthaza ukutshala izithelo, imifino, amagilebhisi nokusanhlamvu. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhakha wezolimo ungomunye wemikhankaso eyinhloko yomnotho waseMoldova. Imboni yewayini yezwe igqamile ngokuhluka kwayo kwesifunda namandla ayo okuthekelisa ngaphandle. Ngokusebenzisa le nzuzo ngemikhankaso yokumaketha egcizelela ikhwalithi nokuhluka, abathumeli bangaphandle baseMoldova bangaheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna imikhiqizo yezolimo ephambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMoldova yaziwa njengesizinda sokukhiqiza esingabizi ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa neNtshonalanga Yurophu noma eNyakatho Melika. Le nzuzo yezindleko iyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza noma ukusungula amabhizinisi ahlanganyelwe emikhakheni efana nezindwangu noma izinto zikagesi. Ukusebenzisa lokhu kufinyeleleka kungasiza ekuheheni abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngenkathi kuphinde kuhlukanise ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwezimpahla ezihlobene nezolimo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imizamo yenziwe yizo zombili izinhlaka zikahulumeni nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda eMoldova. Izixhumanisi zezokuthutha ezithuthukisiwe zizosiza ukuhwebelana okushelelayo phakathi kwamazwe angomakhelwane futhi kuthuthukise ukuxhumana nezikhungo zezomnotho zesifunda ezifana ne-Bucharest noma i-Kyiv. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinselele ezithile okufanele zinqotshwe ukuze kukhule okusimeme ekuthuthukisweni kohwebo lwangaphandle eMoldova. Okukhathazayo okubalulekile kuhlanganisa amazinga enkohlakalo ezweni engase iphazamise abangaba abatshalizimali noma ozakwethu; ukungezwani okuqhubekayo kwe-geopolitical okungase kuthinte uzinzo; ukuhlukahluka okulinganiselwe ngale kwemikhiqizo yezolimo; izinhlaka zokulawula ezingenele; kanye nemikhawulo yezobuchwepheshe evimbela ukwamukelwa kohwebo lwedijithali. Sengiphetha, iMoldova ikhombisa amandla amakhulu okwandisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Indawo yezwe, amandla ezolimo, ukukwazi ukuthengeka njengendawo yokukhiqiza, kanye nokwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda kunomthelela esimeni salo esithembisayo. Ukubhekana nezinselele ezikhona kuzobaluleka ekufezeni lokhu okungaba khona kanye nokusungula iMoldova njengozakwethu onokwethenjelwa nonokuncintisana kwezohwebo emhlabeni jikelele.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Ukukhetha imikhiqizo efanele yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseMoldova kungaba isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuzuzeni impumelelo emisebenzini yokuthekelisa. Ngezansi ukucatshangelwa okumbalwa lapho ukhetha izinto ezithengiswayo ezishisayo zemakethe yaseMoldova: 1. Ucwaningo lwemakethe: Ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwemakethe kubalulekile ukukhomba isidingo nokuthandwa ngabathengi eMoldova. Qonda isiko lendawo, izitayela zamanje, nokuziphatha kwabathengi ukuze unqume ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo engase ithengiseke kahle. 2. Izimakethe ze-niche ezihlosiwe: Thola izimakethe ze-niche ezinamandla amakhulu kodwa ukuncintisana okuphansi. Ngokugxila emikhakheni ethile yemboni noma amaqembu amakhasimende, kuba lula ukulungisa ukunikezwa komkhiqizo wakho ngendlela efanele. 3. Cabangela izidingo zendawo: Hlaziya izidingo zabathengi baseMoldova futhi uqondise imikhiqizo efeza lezo zidingo ngokuqondile. Isibonelo, kungase kube nesidingo sezixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo ngenxa yezinkinga ezincike kumandla. 4. Ikhwalithi ibalulekile: Qinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ekhethiwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu njengoba lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwamukelweni kwayo kwemakethe kanye nokufunwa kwayo phakathi kwabathengi baseMoldova. 5. Izinketho ezingabizi kakhulu: Nikeza amanani ancintisanayo kuyilapho ugcina izindinganiso zekhwalithi ngokuhlola abahlinzeki abavela emazweni anezivumelwano zokuhweba ezivumayo noma izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi. 6. Khuthaza ukukhetha okuvumelana nemvelo: Ngokukhula kokuqwashisa emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nokusimama, cabanga ukunikeza imikhiqizo eco-friendly noma ukusekela izinqubo ezisimeme ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka njengoba izinketho eziqaphela imvelo sezizuze ukuduma ezimakethe eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe. 7. Ukuzivumelanisa namasiko: Naka ukuvumelanisa umkhiqizo wakho namasiko endawo, amasiko, kanye nezinto ozikhethayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo noma izindawo zokuthengisa eziyingqayizivele. 8.Isu lokumaketha: Thuthukisa isu lokumaketha elisebenzayo elihambisana nezici zemakethe ezithile zase-Moldova ezifana nokusebenzisa izinkundla eziku-inthanethi ngendlela efanele kanye neziteshi zemidiya zendabuko ezifana nezikhangiso ze-TV nomsakazo. 9.Qapha ukuncintisana ngokungaguquguquki: Hlala ubheka imisebenzi yezimbangi ngaphakathi komkhakha wakho owukhethile ngenkathi uhlala unolwazi mayelana nokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha noma izinguquko kumathrendi abathengi. 10.Ngaphandle kwemingcele – cabanga ngamathuba esifunda/wokuthekelisa : Hlola amathuba okwandisa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwaseMoldova ngokuthepha ezimakethe zesifunda eziseduze lapho okungaba khona isithakazelo emikhiqizweni efana naleyo edumile emakethe yaseMoldova. Ngokucabangela lezi zici, ukwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe oluningiliziwe, kanye nokulungisa isu lakho ngendlela efanele, ungakhulisa amathuba okukhetha izinto ezithengiswa kakhulu ezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle lwaseMoldova.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Moldova iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Abantu baseMoldova, abaziwa ngokuthi abaseMoldova, baziwa ngomoya wabo wokungenisa izihambi ofudumele kanye nemvelo yokwamukela izivakashi. Baziqhenya kakhulu ngamasiko nemikhuba yabo, egxile kakhulu emlandweni namasiko abo. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zamakhasimende aseMoldova ukunaka kwawo ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu. Ukwakha ukwethembana nokugcina ukuxhumana okuqinile kubalulekile lapho wenza ibhizinisi eMoldova. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha isikhathi sokwakha ubuhlobo obuhle namakhasimende endawo kuzosiza kakhulu ekwakheni ubudlelwano bebhizinisi obuphumelelayo. Esinye isici samakhasimende aseMoldova ukukhetha kwawo ukusebenzisana ubuso nobuso. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buye benza ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kwanda kakhulu, abantu abaningi bendawo basakwazisa ukuxhumana okuqondile futhi bancamela ukuhlangana mathupha kunokuthembela kuphela ezingcingweni noma kuma-imeyili. Lokhu kuthinta komuntu siqu kungakhuthaza ukuxhumana okuqinile namaklayenti akulesi sifunda. Uma kuziwa ezinkambisweni zebhizinisi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izithiyo ezithile noma ukuzwela kwamasiko okufanele kugwenywe ngenkathi usebenzisana namakhasimende aseMoldova. Kuthathwa njengokungahloniphi ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezibucayi njengepolitiki noma izindaba eziyimpikiswano ngaphandle kwalapho ziqalwa abantu bendawo ngokwabo. Ukwengeza, ukugcina isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi siko; ngakho-ke, ukufika sekwephuzile emihlanganweni noma ukuqokwa kungase kubonakale njengokungahloniphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isizotha nokuthobeka kuyizici ezihlonishwa kakhulu emphakathini waseMoldova. Ukuqhosha ngalokho umuntu akuzuzile noma ukubukisa ngengcebo kungabhekwa kabi kubantu bendawo. Kafushane, abantu baseMoldova baziwa ngomoya wabo wokungenisa izihambi ofudumele futhi bayakwazisa ukwakha ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu lapho benza ibhizinisi. Ukusebenzisana ubuso nobuso kukhethwa kunezindlela zokuxhumana ezibonakalayo noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezibucayi njengepolitiki ngaphandle kwalapho ziqalwe iklayenti lakho, zijwayeze ukugcina isikhathi phakathi nemihlangano/amaphoyinti, futhi ubonise isizotha kunokuba uziqhayise ngezinto ozifezile lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende aseMoldova.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yaseMoldova lwenzelwe ukulawula ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla nabantu ngabanye beqa imingcele yayo. Lapho ungena noma uphuma ezweni, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, abahambi kufanele bazi ukuthi kudingeka bamemezele noma yiziphi izimpahla ezeqa imikhawulo ethile, njengamanani emali noma izinto ezibalulekile. I-Moldova inemikhawulo eqondile enanini lemali yakuleli neyakwamanye amazwe engangeniswa noma ikhishwe ezweni ngaphandle kwesimemezelo. Ukwengeza, izinto ezithile ezifana nezibhamu, izidakamizwa, nezinto zobuciko zamasiko zidinga izimvume futhi zingaphansi kwemithetho eqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi izivakashi zibe nezincwadi zokuhamba ezisemthethweni njengamaphasipoti anesikhathi esincane sokuqinisekisa. Ukwengeza, uma uhlela ukuhlala eMoldova izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-90 phakathi nenkathi yezinsuku ezingu-180 noma uhileleke emisebenzini yezwe, uzodinga ukuthola i-visa efanelekile noma imvume yokuhlala kusengaphambili. Ukulawulwa kwempahla ethunyelwayo ezikhumulweni zezindiza kanye nokuwela imingcele kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo kanye nokulethwa okuyimpoqo kwamafomu esimemezelo sezimpahla ezithile ezilethwa ezweni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungeqi izibonelelo zamahhala uma uphethe izimpahla ezifana nemikhiqizo kagwayi noma utshwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Moldova ilandela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokungenisa nokuthekelisa okuvinjelwe okubandakanya izidakamizwa/izinto ezilawulwayo nezinye izimpahla ezingekho emthethweni. Abahambi kufanele bakugweme ukuthutha izinto ezinjalo ngoba lokhu kungase kuholele ezijezisweni ezinzima. Ukuze kube lula ukudlula ngendlela eshelelayo ezindaweni zokulawula amasiko eMoldova: 1. Qiniseka ukuthi izincwadi zakho zokuhamba ziyasebenza. 2. Zijwayeze nezibonelelo zamahhala. 3. Hlonipha imithethonqubo ekuthengisweni okukhawulelwe/okunqatshelwe. 4. Memezela noma yiziphi izinto ezidingekayo ezeqa imikhawulo evunyelwe. 5. Ukusebenzisana nezikhulu ngesikhathi kuhlolwa intela. Ngokulandela le mithetho neziqondiso ezibekwe iziphathimandla zentela yase-Moldova ngenkathi ungena noma uphuma ezweni, uhambo lwakho ngeke lunezinkinga kuyilapho ugcina ukuthobela imithetho yabo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Moldova, njengelungu leNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO) futhi njengoba isayine izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala, isisebenzise isimiso sentela yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe esikhululekile. Izwe lihlose ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuheha abatshalizimali ngokugcina imigoqo ephansi yokungenisa impahla. Ngokuvamile, i-Moldova isebenzisa izintengo ze-ad valorem ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe. Lezi zindleko zibalwa njengephesenti yenani lentela engenayo yomkhiqizo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Amanani ayahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo futhi angasukela ku-0% kuye ku-64%. Uhulumeni wenze imizamo yokunciphisa intela evela kwamanye amazwe ukuze kukhuliswe umnotho. I-Moldova inikeza impatho ekhethekile emikhiqizweni evela emazweni esayine nawo izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala noma ezinye izivumelwano zokuhwebelana zamazwe amabili, njenge-European Union (EU) namazwe angaphakathi kwe-Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Ngenxa yalokho, le mikhiqizo ingase izuze emalini yokungenisa encishisiwe noma ekhululiwe. Ukwengeza, iMoldova inikeza ukwelashwa okukhethekile emikhakheni ethile noma izimboni okuhloswe ngazo ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Lokhu kubandakanya intela ephansi yokungenisa impahla esetshenziswa emikhakheni ebaluleke kakhulu njengezolimo nokukhiqiza, okusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhiqiza asekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi ahwebelana namazwe ngamazwe ne-Moldova azijwayeze amanani entengo athile asebenza emikhiqizweni yawo ngokuthintana nemithombo ethembekile efana namawebhusayithi asemthethweni aphathelene nempahla yezimpahla noma ukuxhumana neziphathimandla ezifanele. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi imigoqo engeyona yentela ingase ibe khona eceleni kwezintela zokungenisa, njengezimfuneko zamalayisense noma imithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe ebekwe kumazinga okuphepha. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseMoldova ihlose ukwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho isekela izimboni zasekhaya ngezinyathelo zokuphatha okukhethekile.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
IMoldova, izwe elivalekile eMpumalanga Yurophu, iye yasebenzisa izinqubomgomo eziningana mayelana nokukhokhiswa intela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izwe lithuthukisa ukukhula komnotho walo ngokuthumela impahla emazweni angaphandle futhi selisungule uhlelo lwentela oluvuna ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Inqubomgomo yentela yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yaseMoldova ihlose ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Uhulumeni wenze imizamo yokwenza lula kanye nokunciphisa intela yokuthumela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Izimpahla eziningi azikhokhiswa intela yokuthekelisa ngokuphelele noma ngaphansi kwamazinga aphansi. Ngokuvamile, i-Moldova ibeka intela ye-value-added (VAT) ezimpahleni eziningi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngenani elijwayelekile lama-20%. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo ethile efana nempahla yezolimo ingase izuze emazingeni e-VAT ancishisiwe noma i-VAT enezinga elinguziro. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Moldova inikeza ukuphathwa kwentela okukhethekile ezimbonini ezithile noma izifunda ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwazo. Isibonelo, izwe lihlinzeka ngokukhululwa noma izintela ezincishisiwe zokuthunyelwa kwezinsizakalo ze-IT njengoba lifuna ukuthuthukisa umkhakha walo wezobuchwepheshe. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izindawo eziqokwe njengezindawo zezomnotho zamahhala zijabulela izimo ezivumayo ezifana namazinga aphansi entela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi kanye nezinqubo zenkambiso ezilula zokuthunyelwa kwazo ngaphandle. Ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Ukraine ne-Romania, i-Moldova ibamba iqhaza ezivumelwaneni zohwebo zesifunda ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zivumelwano ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinhlinzeko zokuqeda intela yempahla emikhiqizweni ethile noma ukuyinciphisa kakhulu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amanani okuthumela ngaphandle angahluka kuye ngesigaba somkhiqizo nezimo zemakethe. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi abandakanyekayo ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe esuka e-Moldova kufanele axhumane neziphathimandla zendawo noma abeluleki abangochwepheshe ukuze bahlale benolwazi ngezinqubomgomo ezithile zentela ezisebenza emkhakheni wabo. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Moldova ihlose ukudala indawo evumela amabhizinisi ngokugcina izintela ziphansi ngenkathi ithuthukisa izimboni ezibalulekile ngokugqugquzela nokubamba iqhaza ezivumelwaneni zohwebo zesifunda.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Njengoba iyizwe elincane elinomnotho othuthukayo, iMoldova ithembele kakhulu ekuthumeleni kwayo kwamanye amazwe ukuze iqhubekisele phambili ukukhula komnotho nentuthuko. Ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iMoldova inezidingo ezihlukahlukene zesitifiketi sokuthekelisa esikhona. Lezi zitifiketi zihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana namazinga athile nemithetho ebekwe yizinhlangano zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe. Isitifiketi esisodwa esibalulekile sokuthekelisa eMoldova Isitifiketi Somsuka. Lo mbhalo usebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izimpahla zikhiqizwa noma zenziwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe. Ngokuvamile kudingwa iziphathimandla zamasiko zamazwe angenisayo ukuze zinqume ukufaneleka kwentela ekhethwayo noma izinzuzo zohwebo ngaphansi kwezivumelwano ezithile noma izivumelwano. Esinye isitifiketi esibalulekile sokuthekelisa eMoldova yisitifiketi seSanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS). Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yezolimo ithobela imithetho yezempilo nezokuphepha ehlobene nempilo yezilwane, impilo yezitshalo, ukuphepha kokudla, kanye namazinga ekhwalithi. Iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo iphephile ukuthi ingadliwa futhi ayibeki ubungozi empilweni yomuntu noma yezilwane. Ukwengeza, ezinye izimboni zidinga izitifiketi ezikhethekile ngokuya ngobunjalo bazo. Isibonelo, abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yemvelo kufanele bathole Isitifiketi Sezinto Eziphilayo ezinhlakeni ezigunyaziwe ukuze babonise ukuthobela izinqubo zokulima ngokwemvelo. Ngokufanayo, abakhiqizi bezindwangu bangadinga isitifiketi se-Oeko-Tex Standard 100 sezinto zendwangu ezingenazo izinto eziyingozi. Ukuze bathole lezi zitifiketi e-Moldova, abathumeli kwamanye amazwe kudingeka balandele izinqubo ezithile ezichazwe iziphathimandla ezifanele ezifana noMnyango Wezomnotho noma I-National Agency for Standardization and Metrology (MOLDAC). Lezi zinqubo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuhambisa imibhalo edingekayo, ukuhlangabezana nemibandela yokufaneleka, ukukhokha izimali ezisebenzayo, ukuhlolwa noma ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku lapho kudingeka. Sekukonke, lezi zitifiketi zokuthekelisa zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa amathuba okufinyelela emakethe kwabathumeli bangaphandle baseMoldova emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Moldova iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, iMoldova iziqhayisa ngengqalasizinda yezokuthutha ethuthuke kahle eyenza ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla okuphumelelayo kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinto zasekhaya, iMoldova inoxhaxha lwemigwaqo nojantshi obuhlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu nezikhungo zezimboni. Izwe litshale kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda yalo yezokuthutha phakathi neminyaka edlule, okuholele ekutheni kube nokuhamba kahle ezweni lonke. Ngohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iMoldova iyazuza endaweni yayo ekahle phakathi kweRomania ne-Ukraine. Lokhu kumiswa kunikeza ukufinyelela okulula ezimakethe zaseYurophu kanye nalezo ezazisendaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union. Izindawo zokuhamba eziphambili zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe zifaka iChisinau International Airport, Giurgiulesti International Free Port, Transnistria's Tiraspol Airport, kanye nokuwela imingcele ehlukahlukene ngasemingceleni. Ukuze kube lula ukuthumela ngemikhumbi kwamanye amazwe, izinkampani ezimbalwa zezokuthutha zisebenza ngaphakathi kweMoldova zinikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo ezinjengokuthumela impahla, imvume yokungena ezweni, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, nezinsizakalo zokusabalalisa. Abanye abahlinzeki bezinto ezibonakalayo bahlanganisa i-DHL Express Moldova ne-TNT Express World Wide. Ukwengeza, i-Moldova iyingxenye yezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanganisa isifunda okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo okusebenza. Isibonelo, iyilungu le-Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) ekhuthaza ukubambisana okunqamula imingcele futhi egqugquzela ukuhamba kalula kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kwesifunda. Ngokuya ngezincomo zokukhetha umhlinzeki wezimpahla eMoldova: 1. Cabangela isipiliyoni sabo: Bheka izinkampani ezinomlando oqinisekisiwe wokuphatha ukuthunyelwa okuya noma okuvela eMoldova. 2. Hlola inethiwekhi yabo: Qinisekisa ukuthi banokuxhumana okuhle nozakwethu abathembekile emhlabeni wonke ukuze bathole izinto zokuhamba ezingenazihibe. 3. Linganisa izinsizakalo zabo: Buyekeza ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo abazinikezayo - kusukela ekuthuthweni ngendiza kuya kwezokuthutha olwandle - kuye ngezidingo zakho ezithile. 4. Qinisekisa amalayisensi abo: Qinisekisa ukuthi banazo zonke izimvume/amalayisensi adingwa iziphathimandla zendawo. 5. Funda ukubuyekezwa kwekhasimende: Hlola ukubuyekezwa okuku-inthanethi noma ucele izinkomba ukuze uhlole ukwethembeka kwazo. 6. Qhathanisa amanani: Cela izingcaphuno kubahlinzeki abaningi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola amanani ancintisanayo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi. 7. Linganisa ubuchwepheshe namandla okulandelela: Bheka izinkampani ezinikeza ukulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zedijithali ukuze uthuthukise ukubonakala nokusebenza kahle. Sekukonke, i-Moldova ihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda yezokuthutha eqinile esekela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla okuphumelelayo kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokukhetha umhlinzeki wezokuthutha olungile futhi acabangele lezi zincomo, amabhizinisi angazuza ezinhlelweni zezwe zokuthutha.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova, iyizwe elivaliwe eMpumalanga Yurophu. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nokuzimela okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa (ithola inkululeko ngo-1991), iMoldova ineziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo. Esinye seziteshi ezinkulu zokuthengwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke eMoldova yi-European Union (EU). Kusukela yasayina Isivumelwano SeNhlangano ne-EU ngo-2014, iMoldova iye yazuza ezivumelwaneni zohwebo lwamahhala namazwe angamalungu e-EU. Lokhu kuvumele imikhiqizo yaseMoldova ukuthi ifinyelele emakethe enkulu futhi ihehe abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Esinye isiteshi esibalulekile sokuthenga amazwe ngamazwe angomakhelwane njengeRomania ne-Ukraine. Lawa mazwe anobudlelwane bezomnotho besikhathi eside neMoldova, okuwenza abe izimakethe ezibalulekile zokuthunyelwa kweMoldova kwamanye amazwe. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bavame ukuya emibukisweni yezohwebo kanye nemibukiso kulawa mazwe ukuze bathole izimpahla ezivela eMoldova. Mayelana nemibukiso yezohwebo kanye nemibukiso ebanjwe ngokukhethekile eMoldova, kunemicimbi eminingana ephawulekayo: 1. Made In Molodva Expo: Lo mbukiso waminyaka yonke ubonisa izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngamabhizinisi endawo emikhakheni ehlukene efana nokudla neziphuzo, izindwangu, imishini, njll. Uheha abathengi basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukuthola imikhiqizo yeqophelo eliphezulu ngokuqondile. kusuka kubakhiqizi baseMoldova. 2. Iwayini Lezinsuku Zokuhweba ZaseMoldova: Njengomunye wabakhiqizi bewayini abakhulu kunabo bonke eMpumalanga Yurophu, ukuthunyelwa kwewayini kwamanye amazwe kuwumkhakha obalulekile emnothweni waseMoldova. Umcimbi we-Wine of Moldowna Trade Days uhlanganisa ndawonye abakhi bewayini bendawo kanye nochwepheshe bemboni yangaphandle kanye nabathengi abanentshisekelo yokuthola iwayini eliyingqayizivele elikhiqizwa izivini ezihlukahlukene ezweni lonke. 3.Moldagrotech: Njengoba ezolimo zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wakusasa, imboni yabatshalizimali ababalulekile emhlabeni wonke ibonisa intuthuko yabo yakamuva kulo mcimbi. Lo mbukiso awugcini nje ngokuletha izinto ezintsha kodwa nezinkundla lapho ababambiqhaza bengakwazi ukuxhumana futhi bakhuthaze ubudlelwano bezohwebo. ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-antd market dynamics evumela ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje Eminye imicimbi ephawulekayo ihlanganisa i-TechExpo - ebonisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe; I-Fashion Expo - egxile kubasiki bengqephu baseMoldova; Umbukiso Wezokuvakasha Wamazwe Ngamazwe - uthuthukisa amagugu acebile amasiko nezindawo zokuvakasha zaseMoldova. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19 oluqhubekayo, eminye imicimbi kungenzeka ukuthi ihlehlisiwe noma ihanjiswe ku-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlole ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva ngale micimbi ngaphambi kokuhlela noma yiluphi uhambo lokuthenga noma ukuya emibukisweni yezohwebo. Sekukonke, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, iMoldova ikwazile ukusungula imigudu ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuhlangana kwayo ne-EU kanye namazwe angomakhelwane. Ukwengeza, iMoldova isingatha imibukiso ehlukahlukene yezohwebo nemibukiso ebonisa izimboni zayo ezihlukahlukene, enikeza amathuba kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bahlole futhi bahlanganyele ebhizinisini nezinkampani zaseMoldova.
IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova, iyizwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Nazi ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Moldova kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Google (https://www.google.md) - I-Google iyinjini yokusesha edume kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi naseMoldova. Inikeza ulwazi olubanzi lokusesha futhi inikeza imiphumela evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa amakhasi ewebhu, izithombe, amavidiyo, izindaba, nokuningi. 2. I-Yandex (https://yandex.md) - I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha ese-Russian edumile futhi eMoldova. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho efanele kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe ezifana ne-imeyili, amamephu, ithuluzi lomhumushi, njll. 3. I-Bing (https://www.bing.com) - I-Bing iyinjini yokusesha ye-Microsoft ehlinzeka ngamakhono okusesha iwebhu afana ne-Google. Yize ingasetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-Google noma i-Yandex eMoldova, isahlinzeka ngemiphumela enembile yemibuzo eyahlukene. 4. Usesho lwe-Mail.Ru (https://go.mail.ru/search) - I-Mail.Ru Search ingenye injini yokusesha edumile yaseRussia esetshenziswa abantu baseMoldova. Kanye nezici zokusesha iwebhu ezijwayelekile, iphinde ihlanganise nezinye izinsiza ezihlinzekwa yi-Mail.Ru njenge-imeyili nezinkundla zokuxhumana. 5. I-DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com) - I-DuckDuckGo iyinjini yokusesha egxile kubumfihlo engalandeleli imisebenzi yabasebenzisi ku-inthanethi noma ibonise izikhangiso eziqondene nawe ngokusekelwe kudatha yomsebenzisi. Yize isetshenziswa kancane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinjini zokusesha ezinkulu ezishiwo ngenhla, iyathandeka kubasebenzisi abakhathazekile ngobumfihlo. Lezi ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Moldova kanye nama-URL azo ewebhusayithi lapho ungafinyelela kuzo ngosesho lwakho noma izidingo zolwazi.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Moldova, inkomba eyinhloko yamabhizinisi namasevisi anamakhasi aphuzi ithi YellowPages.md. Le ngosi eku-inthanethi inikezela ngohlu olubanzi lwezimboni nemikhakha eyahlukene ekhona ezweni. Isebenza njengesisetshenziswa esiwusizo kubantu abafuna ukuthola izinkampani ezithile, imikhiqizo, noma amasevisi. I-YellowPages.md inikeza inkundla yokusesha okulula ukuyisebenzisa evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazulazule emikhakheni eyahlukene njengendawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokudlela, izinsiza zezimoto, izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, izikhungo zemfundo, izinhlangano zezezimali, izinkampani zokwakha, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nebhizinisi ngalinye esohlwini noma isevisi ehlanganisa imininingwane yokuxhumana (izinombolo zocingo namakheli e-imeyili), indawo kumephu enesici esisebenzisanayo, izixhumanisi zewebhusayithi (uma zitholakala), nezibuyekezo zamakhasimende. Ngaphandle kwe-YellowPages.md, omunye umthombo othembekile wokuthola amabhizinisi eMoldova yi-reco.md. I-Reco imele "Ukubambisana Kwezomnotho Kwesifunda" futhi isebenza njengenethiwekhi yenkomba yebhizinisi ebanzi ehlanganisa amazwe amaningana kuhlanganise ne-Moldova. Isiza ukubonakala okungcono kwamabhizinisi endawo ngokuphromotha imikhiqizo yawo noma amasevisi kuwo womabili amakhasimende kazwelonke nawamazwe ngamazwe. I-Reco.md ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izikhungo ezahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe emkhakheni wemboni noma indawo yendawo ngaphakathi kweMoldova. Iphinde ibe nenqubo yokubhalisa eyenziwe lula evumela izinkampani ukuthi zizenzele amaphrofayili azo anemininingwane ebalulekile efana nolwazi lokuxhumana nezincazelo zemisebenzi yazo. Lezi zinkundla ezimbili zinikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile kubahlali noma izivakashi ezidinga ukuthola amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene emikhakheni eyahlukene kuwo wonke amadolobha nezifunda zaseMoldova. Ngezindawo zabo zokusebenzelana ezisebenziseka kalula kanye nemininingwane ebanzi yokufakwa kuhlu kwezinkampani kumongo wamakhasi aphuzi wezwe; lawa mawebhusayithi angamathuluzi abalulekile abumba izimo zebhizinisi lendawo ngokuxhumanisa amakhasimende nabahlinzeki besevisi abalungile ngokuchofoza nje kude.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Moldova, izwe elincane laseMpumalanga Yurophu, ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce eminyakeni yamuva nje. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla ze-e-commerce eziphambili eMoldova kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Lalafo (www.lalafo.md): I-Lalafo ingenye yezimakethe ezihamba phambili ze-inthanethi eMoldova. Ivumela abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ukuthi bathengise imikhiqizo emisha noma esetshenzisiwe ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izindlu ezithengiswayo, izimoto, nokuningi. 2. 999.md (www.999.md): 999.md enye imakethe ye-inthanethi evelele eMoldova ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo namasevisi anhlobonhlobo kubathengi nabathengisi ngokufanayo. Ihlanganisa izigaba ezifana nogesi, izingubo zokugqoka, izinto zasendlini, imisebenzi, izakhiwo, nokunye okuningi. 3. I-AlegeProdus (www.AlegeProdus.com): I-AlegeProdus iyinkundla yokuthenga eku-inthanethi lapho abathengi bengathola khona imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene evela kubathengisi abaningi basendaweni. Inikeza izigaba ezifana namagajethi & electronics; imfashini; ubuhle nempilo; ikhaya & ingadi; izinto zezingane nezezingane; izimpahla zezemidlalo; izesekeli zezimoto; izincwadi nokunye. 4. B2Bdoc (b2bdoc.com): I-B2Bdoc inkundla ye-e-commerce egxile ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwemakethe yase-Moldova. Ixhuma abahlinzeki namabhizinisi afuna ukuthenga izinto ezingavuthiwe noma imikhiqizo ethengiswayo ngamanani ancintisanayo. I-5.CityOnline (cityonline.md): I-CityOnline iyisitolo se-inthanethi lapho amakhasimende angathola khona ukukhethwa okuningi kwemikhiqizo kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezintweni zikagesi nezinye izinto zasendlini. 6.Unishop (unishop.md ): I-Unishop yiwebhusayithi ye-e-commerce egxile kakhulu ekuthengiseni izinto ezithengwayo ezahlukene ezifana nezinto zikagesi, izinto zasendlini , amathoyizi ezingane , izinto zezemidlalo , umkhiqizo wokunakekela ubuhle njll. Lawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce atholakala eMoldova okwamanje anikeza abathengi ukufinyelela okulula kwemikhiqizo eminingi emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova, iyizwe elincane elivalekile eliseMpumalanga Yurophu. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nenani labantu, iMoldova inendawo yenkundla yezokuxhumana ethokozisayo ebhekelela izintshisekelo ezahlukahlukene nokubalwa kwabantu. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile ezisetshenziswa eMoldova kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - I-Facebook ithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi eMoldova. Inikeza izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana namaphrofayela omuntu siqu, amakhasi wamabhizinisi nezinhlangano, amaqembu ezithakazelo ezabiwe, izinsiza zemiyalezo, nezifunzo zezindaba. 2. I-Odnoklassniki (https://ok.ru/) - I-Odnoklassniki inkundla yezokuxhumana esekelwe e-Russian ethole ukuduma okuphawulekayo phakathi kwabantu baseMoldova. Igxile ekuxhumaniseni abantu ofunda nabo abadala noma abangani basesikoleni noma enyuvesi. 3. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo lapho abasebenzisi bengalayisha khona izithombe noma amavidiyo amafushane kanye namagama-ncazo noma ama-hashtag ukuze babelane nabalandeli babo. 4. I-Twitter (https://twitter.com) - I-Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets" anezinhlamvu ezifika kwezingu-280. Abantu bangalandela ama-akhawunti womunye nomunye ukuze babone ama-tweets abo emugqeni wabo wesikhathi. 5. I-VKontakte (VK) (https://vk.com/) - I-VKontakte, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-VK, ingenye yezingosi zokuxhumana ze-inthanethi ezinkulu zaseYurophu ezifana ne-Facebook kodwa ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi abakhuluma isiRashiya. 6. I-Telegram (https://telegram.org/) - I-Telegram uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo olusekelwe emafini olugcizelela izici zobumfihlo zokuphepha ezifana nokubethela ngasemaphethelweni kwamakholi wezwi nemilayezo. 7. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn ngokuyinhloko igxile ekuxhumaneni okuchwepheshile ngokuxhuma abantu ngabanye ngokusekelwe emlandweni wokuqashwa kanye neziqu zobungcweti. 8. I-YouTube (https://www.youtube.com) - I-YouTube isebenza njengenkundla yokwabelana ngamavidiyo aku-inthanethi lapho abasebenzisi bengalayisha khona amavidiyo abo, babuke okuqukethwe okudalwe abanye, futhi bahlanganyele ngokuphawula nokubhalisela. 9. I-TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com) - I-TikTok iyinkundla yezokuxhumana evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe futhi babelane ngamavidiyo amafushane asethwe emculweni, ngokuvamile aba nezihlungi noma imiphumela ekhethekile. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza abaseMoldova ithuba lokuxhumana nabangane, amalungu omndeni, amabhizinisi, nemiphakathi ku-inthanethi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu hlu lungase lushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba kuvela izinkundla ezintsha noma ezikhona zilahlekelwa ukuduma.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

E-Moldova, kunezinhlangano eziningana ezinkulu zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekumeleleni nasekukhuthazeni izintshisekelo zemikhakha eyahlukene. Lezi zinhlangano zihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula, intuthuko, nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezimboni zazo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eMoldova: 1. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Moldova (CCI RM): I-CCI RM yinhlangano evelele emele izintshisakalo zamabhizinisi aseMoldova ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza eziningi kumalungu ayo, okuhlanganisa ukukhuthazwa kwezohwebo, ukufanisa ibhizinisi, izinsizakalo zokunikeza izitifiketi, kanye nokufinyelela olwazini olufanele. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ithi http://chamber.md/. 2. I-Information Technology & Communications Association (ATIC): I-ATIC igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa nokwanda komkhakha we-IT eMoldova. Ihlose ukukhulisa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha amakhono edijithali, nokuthuthukisa ukubambisana phakathi kwezinkampani ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwalo mkhakha. Imininingwane eyengeziwe ingatholakala ku-https://www.digitalmoldova.md/en/atic-home/. 3. I-Wine Makers Association (WMA): I-WMA idlala indima enkulu ekukhangiseni iwayini laseMoldova ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe ngokuhlela imibukiso eyahlukene, ama-tastings, amasemina, njll., egqamisa imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi bewayini basekhaya emhlabeni wonke. Iwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni ithi http://vinmoldova.md/index.php?pag=Acasa&lang=en. 4.Union LatexProducers Association: Le nhlangano imele izinkampani ezibandakanyekayo ekuphathweni kwensimu yenjoloba kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-latex kwezicelo ezihlukene ezifana nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo noma ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla zezimboni. basekela imisebenzi yokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi basekhaya i-anf benze izivumelwano zokubambisana nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezisebenza ngobuchwepheshe bokucubungula irabha. Eminye imininingwane ingatholakala ku-http://latexproducers.org/homepage-english/. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa phakathi kwezinye izinhlangano eziningi eziqondene nemboni ezisebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene njengezolimo (National Farmers Federation), ezokuvakasha (Tourism Industry Association), ezokwakha (Civil Construction Developers’ Association), njll. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ulwazi olunikezwe ngenhla lungase lushintshe, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi uvakashele amawebhusayithi afanele ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva kanye nolwazi olunembile ngalezi zinhlangano zemboni eMoldova.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-Moldova iyizwe elincane elivalekile eMpumalanga Yurophu. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, inomnotho okhulayo kanye namawebhusayithi amaningana ahlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yezohwebo nezomnotho. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi amakhulu ezomnotho nezohwebo eMoldova, kanye nama-URL awo afanele: 1. Umnyango Wezomnotho Nezingqalasizinda: Isizindalwazi esisemthethweni soMnyango sihlinzeka ngolwazi ngemikhakha ehlukahlukene, amathuba okutshala imali, izinqubomgomo zohwebo, nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi eMoldova. I-URL: https://mei.gov.md/en/ 2. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Moldova (CCIRM): Le webhusayithi inikeza izinsiza zamabhizinisi ezihlanganisa uhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi, izibuyekezo zezindaba, ikhalenda lemicimbi, umhlahlandlela wokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nesizindalwazi sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. I-URL: https://chamber.md/ 3. I-Ejensi Yokuheha Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Nokukhuthaza Ukuthekelisa (i-MIEPO): I-MIEPO ihlose ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe eMoldova ngokunikeza ulwazi olufanele mayelana namathuba okutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. I-URL: https://www.investmoldova.md/en 4. Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yamabhizinisi Amancane Naphakathi (NASME): I-NASME imele izintshisakalo zamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) eMoldova ngokumela izinqubomgomo zebhizinisi ezivunayo kanye nokunikeza izinsizakalo zokweseka. I-URL: http://www.antem-org.md/eng/index.php 5. UMkhandlu Wezomnotho oya kuNdunankulu: Isizindalwazi sihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ngezinqubomgomo zezomnotho ezisetshenziswa uhulumeni ukuze kusekelwe intuthuko esimeme kanye nezibalo ezihlobene nohwebo, ukuhamba nokutshalwa kwezimali, amanani okuqashwa njll. I-URL: http://consiliere.gov.md/en 6. Isizindalwazi Sokuthekelisa-Ngenisa (COMTRADE.MD): Le nkundla ye-inthanethi ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi aseshe izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa ezihlobene nezigaba ezihlukene njengemikhiqizo noma amazwe phakathi nezikhathi ezibekiwe. I-URL: https://comtrade.md/en/ 7. I-National Bureau of Statistics (NBS): I-NBS inesibopho sokuqoqa idatha yezibalo mayelana nezici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ama-akhawunti kazwelonke, izinkomba zokukhiqiza ezolimo, ukuhamba kohwebo, izibalo zabantu, njll. I-URL: https://statistics.gov.md/?lang=en Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngolwazi olubalulekile nezinsiza zawo womabili amabhizinisi endawo nawamazwe ngamazwe anentshisekelo yokutshala imali, ukuhweba noma ukusebenzisana nezinkampani zaseMoldova. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lawa mawebhusayithi ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe nolwakamuva mayelana nomnotho waseMoldova nemisebenzi yohwebo.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo eMoldova. Nazi ezinye zazo kanye namakheli azo ewebhu: 1. Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Lezibalo (i-NBS): I-NBS inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngezibalo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe zaseMoldova. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza ukufinyelela kudatha ehlukahlukene njengokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukungenisa, ibhalansi yokuhweba, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi http://statistics.gov.md/ 2. Ingosi Yohwebo Yase-Moldova: Le nkundla ye-inthanethi inikeza ulwazi olunzulu oluhlobene nohwebo futhi yenza kube lula ukufinyelela kumadokhumenti asemthethweni, imithetho yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa, imibiko yokuhlaziywa kwezimakethe, nezibalo zohwebo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.tradeportal.md/en 3. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): I-WITS iyisizinda solwazi esakhiwe yiBhange Lomhlaba esihlinzeka ngokufinyelela kuzibalo zohwebo lwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkomba ezifanele. Iwebhusayithi https://wits.worldbank.org/ 4. I-United Nations Comtrade Database: I-Comtrade iyinqolobane yezibalo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezisemthethweni ezigcinwe yi-United Nations Statistics Division. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlole idatha ethengisiwe enemininingwane yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa ngokwezwe. Iwebhusayithi: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5. Imephu Yokuhweba Yesikhungo Sokuhweba Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC): I-Trademap inikeza abasebenzisi ulwazi olubanzi lwezibalo mayelana nokugeleza kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa ukuthekelisa/ukungenisa kweMoldova ukusebenza kwezimboni nezimakethe ezahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Iwebhusayithi http://www.trademap.org/ Lawa mawebhusayithi kufanele akusize uthole idatha efanele nehambisana nesikhathi yezomnotho kanye neyohwebo yase-Moldova ngokuhlola imininingo egciniwe yazo noma ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yosesho ehlinzekwe kulezi zinkundla. Qaphela ukuthi ukufinyelela izici ezithile noma ukuthola imibiko enemininingwane ethile kungase kudinge ukubhaliswa noma ukubhalisa kwezinye izimo.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Moldova iyizwe elivalekile eMpumalanga Yurophu. Yize ingaziwa kabanzi, inazo izinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezibhekelela amabhizinisi ezweni. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa: 1. BizBuySell Moldova (https://www.bizbuysell.md): Le nkundla igxile ekuthengeni nasekudayiseni amabhizinisi eMoldova. Ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abhale ohlwini abakunikezayo futhi axhumane nabathengi abangaba abathengi noma abatshalizimali. 2. Uhlu Lwebhizinisi lwase-Moldova (https://www.moldovabd.com): Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lusebenza njengohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene eMoldova kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. Inikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana, izixhumanisi zewebhusayithi, nolunye ulwazi olufanele lwenkampani ngayinye esohlwini. 3. I-Tradeford - Indawo Yemakethe ye-B2B yase-Moldova (https://moldova.tradeford.com): I-Tradeford iyinkundla ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa ingxenye ezinikele yamabhizinisi aseMoldova. Izinkampani zingakha amaphrofayili, zibonise imikhiqizo yazo noma amasevisi, futhi zixhumane nabathengi abangaba khona bamazwe ngamazwe noma ozakwethu. 4. AllBiz - Republic of Moldova (https://md.all.biz): I-AllBiz iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi ehlanganisa amazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa neRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova. Amabhizinisi angakha amaphrofayili, enze uhlu lwemikhiqizo noma amasevisi anikezwayo, futhi axhumane namakhasimende angaba khona noma ozakwethu. 5. I-GlobalTrade.net - Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngemakethe saseRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldova (https://www.globaltrade.net/market-research/Moldova): I-GlobalTrade.net inikeza isikhungo esithile socwaningo lwemakethe esigxile eRiphabhulikhi yaseMoldowa eqondiswe ngqo ekusebenzisaneni kwebhizinisi nebhizinisi ezweni. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zinkundla zingase zibe nokugxila nezici ezihlukile; kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi uhlole isayithi ngayinye ngayinye ukuze unqume ukuthi iyiphi evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho njengomsebenzisi ngokuya ngezidingo eziqondene nomkhakha noma imisebenzi oyifunayo yebhizinisi lakho e-Moldova.
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