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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Russia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Russian Federation, iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngendawo. Itholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho ye-Asia, ihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-17. Izwe labelana ngemingcele nezinhlobonhlobo zamazwe angomakhelwane njengeChina, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Ukraine kanye neFinland. I-Russia inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-146. I-Moscow inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ngokwezibalo zabantu. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu ahlanganisa iSaint Petersburg, iNovosibirsk neYekaterinburg. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa isiRashiya. Indawo yaseRussia ihluke ngendlela emangalisayo, ihlanganisa amathafa amakhulu, ukhahlamba lwezintaba (njengezintaba zase-Ural) kanye namathafa aseduze nemifula eminingi (kuhlanganise nomfula omude kunawo wonke eYurophu - iVolga) namachibi (okuhlanganisa neChibi iBaikal - ichibi elijule kakhulu emhlabeni). Iphinde ibe nogu olubanzi eduze ne-Arctic Ocean kanye nezilwandle ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa uLwandle iBaltic. Ngokomlando yaziwa ngemibuso yayo - iTsardom yaseRussia elandelwa yiSoviet Union - iRussia inamagugu amasiko acebile ahlanganisa izincwadi (nababhali abadumile abafana noTolstoy), umculo we-classic (nabaqambi abanjengoTchaikovsky) nomdanso we-ballet (izinkampani ezidumile ze-ballet njengeBolshoi Theatre. ). Uma sikhuluma ngokwezomnotho, iRussia inezinsiza zemvelo eziningi ezihlanganisa uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, amalahle nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene okuyenza ibe ngomunye wabakhiqizi abahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke kule mikhakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezifana nobuchwepheshe bonjiniyela be-aerospace zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wazo. Kodwa-ke, iRussia iphinde ibhekane nezinselelo ezithile ekuthuthukisweni kwayo okuhlanganisa ukungezwani kwezepolitiki namanye amazwe angomakhelwane, isidingo sokuhlukahlukana kwezomnotho ngale kokukhishwa kwezinsiza, kanye nokukhathazeka mayelana nezindaba zamalungelo abantu. Sekukonke, inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yaseRussia yendawo, amasiko, nomlando iyenza izwe eliheha ngempela elinethonya elibalulekile emhlabeni jikelele naphezu kwezinguquko eziqhubekayo phakathi nesikhathi.
Imali Yezwe
I-Russia iyizwe elitholakala e-Eurasia futhi linqamula eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho ye-Asia. Imali esemthethweni yaseRussia yiRuble yaseRussia (RUB), efanekiselwa ngu-₽. I-ruble ihlukaniswe ngama-kopeks angu-100, nakuba lezi zingavamile ukusetshenziswa ekuthengiseni kwansuku zonke. Ibhange elimaphakathi laseRussia, elaziwa ngeBhange LaseRussia, lilawula inqubomgomo yezimali futhi lilawula ukusatshalaliswa kwama-ruble ezweni. I-ruble iye yaba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo kusukela yethulwa ngo-1704. Kuwo wonke umlando, yabhekana nezinkathi zokwehla kwamandla emali nokwehla kwamandla emali ngenxa yokuwohloka komnotho kanye nezenzakalo zezwe. Eminyakeni yakamuva, imali yaseRussia ibhekane nezinselelo eziningi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene ezifana nezijeziso zamazwe ngamazwe ezafakwa ngamazwe aseNtshonalanga ngenxa yezingxabano zezombusazwe. Lokhu kuholele ekwehleni kwenani le-ruble uma liqhathaniswa nezimali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njengedola laseMelika ne-euro. Ukuze izinze imali yayo, iRussia yasebenzisa izinyathelo ezinjengokukhuphula amanani enzalo, ukunciphisa ukungenelela kokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, nokusebenzisa izinguquko kwezezimali. Lezi zenzo bezihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali emnothweni waseRussia ngenkathi kunciphisa izingcindezi zokwehla kwamandla emali. Naphezu kokubhekana nokungaqiniseki kwezomnotho ngezinye izikhathi, okuhlanganisa nokuntengantenga ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwentengo kawoyela (njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwamandla kwamanye amazwe kunendima enkulu emnothweni waseRussia), kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokuqinisa uzinzo lwemali yayo ngamasu okushintshashintsha. Sekukonke, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwemali yomhlaba wonke, izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zezimali zasekhaya kanye nezici zomnotho ezibanzi zithinta inani le-ruble yaseRussia uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezimakethe zokuhwebelana zomhlaba.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseRussia yi-ruble yaseRussia (RUB). Ngokuqondene namazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali ngezinhlobo zemali zomhlaba ezinkulu, nawa amanani okulinganisa (kusukela ngo-Agasti 2022): I-USD eyi-1 (iDola lase-United States) = 86.5 RUB 1 EUR (Euro) = 101.4 RUB 1 GBP (Ipondo laseBrithani) = 116.0 RUB I-CNY engu-1 (i-Yuan yesiShayina) = 13.3 RUB Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa angehluka futhi kunconywa ukuthi uhlole umthombo othembekile noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole amanani akamuva kakhulu ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Russia inamaholide amaningana abalulekile agujwa unyaka wonke. Elinye lamaholide abaluleke kakhulu eRussia uSuku Lonyaka Omusha, olugujwa ngoJanuwari 1. Isikhathi esijabulisayo esimakwa ngeziqhumane, amadili, nokuphana izipho. Imigubho iqala ngobusuku bangaphambi kukaNcibijane lapho abantu behlangene bezobuka inkulumo kaMengameli bajabulele nenjabulo. Phakathi kwamabili, kunemibukiso emangalisa yeziqhumane ezweni lonke. Elinye iholide elibalulekile eRussia uSuku Lwabesifazane Lwamazwe Ngamazwe, olugujwa ngoMashi 8 unyaka ngamunye. Lolu suku lubungaza impumelelo namagalelo abesifazane emphakathini. Amadoda ngokuvamile anikeza izimbali nezipho ezincane kwabathandekayo babo besifazane njengophawu lokwazisa. Umhla ziyisi-9 kuNhlaba wuSuku Lokunqoba noma Usuku Lokunqoba LweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, okukhunjulwa ukunqoba kweJalimane lamaNazi eMpini Yezwe II. Kungelinye lamaholide omphakathi abaluleke kakhulu e-Russia agcwele ama-parade, iziqhumane, amakhonsathi, nemikhosi enesizotha ehlonipha omakadebona bezempi. I-Russia iphinde igubhe amaholide amaningana enkolo afana nePhasika noKhisimusi ngokwamasiko e-Orthodox Christianity. I-Easter iwela ngezinsuku ezihlukene unyaka ngamunye kodwa ngokuvamile ivela phakathi kokuphela kuka-April nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Abantu baya ezinkonzweni zesonto, bashintshisane ngamaqanda ahlotshiswe kahle aziwa ngokuthi "i-pysanka," futhi bajabulele izidlo zemikhosi nomndeni. Ekugcineni, Usuku Lobumbano lwenzeka ngoNovemba 4th njalo ngonyaka ukuze kukhunjulwe ukukhululwa kweMoscow kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwePoland ngo-1612. Ifanekisela ubunye baseRussia nokuhlukahluka ngezenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zamasiko njengamakhonsathi, imibukiso ebonisa ubuciko bendabuko, ukuphindaphinda komlando phakathi kwabanye. Le mikhosi ebalulekile igqamisa isiko lesi-Russian ngezinkolelo zenkolo noma izehlakalo zomlando ezibalulekile kubuzwe baseRussia.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Russia iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elinqamula kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia, elinomlando ocebile nomnotho ohlukahlukene. Mayelana nezohwebo, iRussia idlala indima enkulu emhlabeni jikelele. IRussia yaziwa ngengcebo yayo enkulu yemvelo, okuhlanganisa uwoyela, igesi, amaminerali nezinsimbi. Lokhu kuyenza idlale indima ebalulekile ezimakethe zempahla zomhlaba. Izwe lingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni ngokuthumela uwoyela negesi kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwamandla kwamanye amazwe kunomthelela omkhulu ebhalansi yezohwebo yaseRussia. Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yamandla, iRussia iphinde ithumele kwamanye amazwe izinto ezahlukahlukene njengezinsimbi (njengensimbi ne-aluminium), amakhemikhali, imishini nemishini, izimoto, imikhiqizo yezolimo (okuhlanganisa ukolweni), izindwangu, nezingalo. Kodwa-ke, kube nokugxila okuqinile ekuhlukaniseni umnotho wayo ukunciphisa ukuncika emalini engenayo kawoyela. I-Russia ibilokhu ithuthukisa ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili namazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Abalingani bayo abakhulu bohwebo bahlanganisa i-China (esibe nguzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba eminyakeni yamuva), iJalimane, i-Netherlands, i-Italy, iTurkey, i-Belarus, ne-Kazakhstan. Nakuba i-Russia ithumela inani elibalulekile lezimpahla emhlabeni jikelele, iphinde ingenise izimpahla ezihlukahlukene njengemishini, izinto zokusebenza, ifenisha, izingubo zokugqoka, nezimoto.I-Russia ingenisa ngokuyinhloko lezi zimpahla zisuka e-China, eJalimane, e-United States, e-italy, naseNingizimu Korea. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kweRussia namazwe aseNtshonalanga buye bathinteka ngenxa yokungezwani kwezombusazwe. Ekuphenduleni unswinyo lwezomnotho olwabekwa amazwe aseNtshonalanga, iRussia yaphendukela kwezinye izifunda ezifana ne-Asia, iLatin America, ne-Afrika ukuze iqinise izimakethe zayo zokuthumela ngaphandle. ekuthuthukiseni ukusimama komnotho wesikhathi eside kubonakale kunenzuzo emnothweni waseRussia.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lungase luguquguquke ngenxa yezimo zezwe noma izimo zomnotho zomhlaba. Sekukonke, iRussia isaqhubeka nokuba nesikhundla esibalulekile kwezohwebo ngenxa yobuningi bemithombo yemvelo.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Russia inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Njengezwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, iRussia inemithombo yemvelo eningi njengowoyela, igesi yemvelo, amaminerali nezingodo. Lokhu kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile semboni yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle. Enye yamandla abalulekile eRussia umkhakha wayo wezamandla. Ingeyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngomkhiqizi kawoyela negesi yemvelo, okuyenza ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke zamandla. Ngokukhula kwesidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke, iRussia inethuba lokukhulisa amakhono ayo okuthumela ngaphandle futhi ihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Ukwengeza, iRussia inesisekelo esiqinile sokukhiqiza esifaka izimboni ezifana ne-aerospace, izimoto, imishini namakhemikhali. Le mikhakha inethuba lokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ezimakethe zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yaseRussia iyenza ibe ihabhu lezokuthutha elibalulekile phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia. I-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), ehlanganisa amazwe afana ne-Belarus ne-Kazakhstan phakathi kwamanye, inikeza izimo zokuhweba ezikhethwayo ngaphakathi kwalesi sifunda. Lokhu kudala amathuba okuba amabhizinisi aseRussia angene kulezi zimakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizamo yakamuva kahulumeni okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlukanisa umnotho ibonise imiphumela emihle. Uhlelo lwe-"Made in Russia" luthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya ngokunikeza ukwesekwa kwamabhizinisi endawo anda phesheya kwezilwandle. Le nqubomgomo ikhuthaza ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuhlanganyela noma ubudlelwano obungasiza ukukhulisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinselelo okudingeka zixazululwe ngaphambi kokuqaphela ngokugcwele amandla eRussia ohwebo lwangaphandle. Ukwenza ngcono ukuxhunywa kwengqalasizinda ezweni kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ezindaweni ezikude. Ukuthuthukisa ukungafihli kanye nokunciphisa ukugunyazwa ezinqubweni zezohwebo nakho kuzoheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Sengiphetha, uma kubhekwa izinsiza zayo eziningi, umkhakha wezokukhiqiza ohlukahlukene, indawo enamasu, izinyathelo zikahulumeni ezisebenzayo, kanye nemizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, kusobala ukuthi iRussia inamandla amakhulu angasetshenzisiwe ekuthuthukiseni imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle,. Ngezinguquko ezifanele kanye nezinqubomgomo ezilungele amabhizinisi,, iRussia ingaheha ozakwethu abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe abafaka isandla esihle ekukhuleni komnotho ngokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
When+it+comes+to+selecting+market+bestsellers+for+foreign+trade+in+Russia%2C+there+are+several+key+factors+to+consider.+With+a+population+of+over+144+million+people%2C+Russia+presents+a+vast+market+with+diverse+consumer+preferences+and+demands.+Here+are+some+tips+on+how+to+choose+the+right+products+for+successful+export%3A%0A%0A1.+Research+consumer+trends%3A+Start+by+conducting+thorough+market+research+on+Russian+consumers%27+preferences+and+purchasing+habits.+Identify+popular+product+categories%2C+emerging+trends%2C+and+lifestyle+patterns+that+can+guide+your+selection+process.%0A%0A2.+Consider+local+regulations%3A+Familiarize+yourself+with+Russian+import+regulations%2C+including+product+standards%2C+certifications%2C+labeling+requirements%2C+and+import+duties.+Complying+with+these+regulations+is+crucial+to+ensure+a+smooth+entry+into+the+Russian+market.%0A%0A3.+Focus+on+quality%3A+Russian+consumers+value+quality+products+that+offer+durability+and+reliability+at+reasonable+prices.+Ensure+the+products+you+select+meet+high-quality+standards+as+this+will+elevate+your+brand+reputation+among+consumers.%0A%0A4.+Adapt+to+local+needs%3A+Understand+the+unique+needs+of+Russian+consumers+and+tailor+your+product+selection+accordingly.+Consider+factors+like+climate+conditions+%28e.g.%2C+warm+clothing+in+cold+regions%29%2C+cultural+preferences+%28e.g.%2C+traditional+crafts+or+foods%29%2C+or+specific+demands+%28e.g.%2C+eco-friendly+or+organic+products%29.%0A%0A5.+Leverage+e-commerce+platforms%3A+The+e-commerce+industry+has+witnessed+significant+growth+in+Russia+over+recent+years%3B+therefore%2C+consider+partnering+with+popular+online+platforms+like+Yandex.Market+or+AliExpress+Russia+to+reach+a+broader+customer+base.%0A%0A6.Russian+holidays%3A+Take+advantage+of+major+shopping+seasons+such+as+New+Year%27s+Eve+%28December+31st%29+and+International+Women%27s+Day+%28March+8th%29.+These+holidays+generate+high+consumer+spending+and+present+opportunities+for+increased+sales.%0A%0A7.Outstanding+customer+service%3A+Ensure+excellent+customer+service+throughout+your+business+operations+in+Russia+-+from+pre-sales+support+to+after-sales+care+-+as+this+will+foster+customer+loyalty+while+establishing+positive+word-of-mouth+within+the+market.%0A%0ARemember+that+success+in+any+foreign+market+requires+a+combination+of+diligent+research%2C+adaptability%2C+and+commitment+to+meeting+consumer+demands.+By+focusing+on+understanding+the+Russian+market+and+tailoring+your+product+selection+accordingly%2C+you+can+increase+your+chances+of+achieving+success+in+the+lucrative+field+of+foreign+trade+in+Russia.翻译zu失败,错误码: 错误信息:OpenSSL SSL_connect: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL in connection to www.google.com.hk:443
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
Izici zekhasimende e-Russia: 1. Okugxile ebudlelwaneni: Amakhasimende aseRussia ayabazisa ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kanye nokwethembana lapho enza ibhizinisi. Ukwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile namaklayenti kubalulekile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside. 2. Okusemthethweni: Abantu baseRussia babeka ukubaluleka kokusemthethweni, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokusebenzelana kokuqala. Kuwumkhuba ukukhuluma namaklayenti usebenzisa isihloko nesibongo sawo, ngaphandle uma uqondiswa ngenye indlela. 3. Ukuqaphela isikhathi: Ukugcina isikhathi kubaluleka esikweni lebhizinisi laseRussia, futhi ukubambezeleka noma ukubambezeleka kungase kubhekwe kabi kumakhasimende. Kuyancomeka ukuthi ufike ngesikhathi emihlanganweni futhi uhambisane nezinsuku ezibekiwe. 4. Isitayela sokuxhumana: Abantu baseRussia bayakwazisa ukuxhumana okuqondile ngaphandle kokushaya amahlathi. Bakhetha ukungagwegwesi nokwethembeka ezingxoxweni noma ezingxoxweni. 5. Ukuhambisana ngemininingwane: Ukunaka imininingwane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthandeni kwamakhasimende aseRussia njengoba evame ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela zonke izici zesivumelwano ngaphambi kokwenza. 6. Ukuzwela amanani: Nakuba ikhwalithi ibalulekile, intengo iyisici esibalulekile kumakhasimende amaningi aseRussia ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kwezomnotho. Ama-taboos amakhasimende eRussia: 1. Gwema ukuxoxa ngepolitiki noma ngezihloko eziyimpikiswano ngaphandle kwalapho ziphakanyiswe ngokucacile yiklayenti ngokwalo. 2. Gwema ukukhuluma amazwi ayiziswana ngeRussia noma isiko layo, njengoba kungase kucasule amakhasimende. 3. Ungakubukeli phansi ukubaluleka kobudlelwano bomuntu siqu; ukunganaki imizamo yokwakha ubudlelwano kungaphazamisa amathuba ebhizinisi namakhasimende aseRussia. 4. Izipho ziyaziswa kodwa kufanele zinikezwe ngendlela efanele; gwema izipho eziwubukhazikhazi ezingase zibonakale njengokufumbathisa noma ukuthengisa izinto ezinethonya njengoba izinkinga zenkohlakalo zikhona kwezinye izigaba zomphakathi waseRussia. 5. Qaphela ngokwenza izithembiso ezingeke zifezeke ngokushesha noma ngokunembile njengoba ukwethembana kubaluleke kakhulu kumakhasimende aseRussia. Qaphela: Lezi zici zekhasimende kanye nama-taboos kuwukujwayelekile okusekelwe ekubonweni kwamasiko kodwa kungase kungasebenzi ngokufanayo kuwo wonke umuntu e-Russia ngenxa yomehluko wesifunda nokuhluka komuntu ngamunye.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
Uhlelo lokuphatha amasiko eRussia luyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawulwa kwemingcele yezwe kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha. Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwaqonde mayelana nemithetho nezinqubo zamasiko eRussia. Okokuqala, zonke izivakashi ezingena noma eziphuma eRussia kufanele zimemezele noma yiziphi izinto zenani ezeqa umkhawulo othile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imali, ubucwebe, izinto zikagesi, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ukwehluleka ukwenza izimemezelo ezifanele kungaholela ekujezisweni nasekuthathweni kwezimpahla ezingadalulwanga. Ukwengeza, izimpahla ezithile zivinjelwe noma zivinjelwe ukuthi zingeniswe noma zithekeliswe zisuka e-Russia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa, izikhali, izinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo yokudla, nezinto zobuciko zamasiko. Kubalulekile ukuthi abahambi bahlole uhlu lwezinto ezibekelwe imingcele ngaphambi kokungena noma ukuphuma ezweni. Lapho uya eRussia nemithi kadokotela, kuyatuseka ukuphatha incwadi ebhaliwe evela kudokotela njengobufakazi bokuthi usemthethweni ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu. Lapho befika ezikhumulweni zezindiza zaseRussia noma emingceleni yomhlaba, abagibeli bazodlula ekulawuleni amaphasipoti kanye nokuhlolwa kwamasiko. Izikhulu zeCustoms zingahlola izinto ezingagunyaziwe emithwalweni nasezimpahleni zomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukubambisana neziphathimandla uma zikhethelwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Abahambi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bawagcwalisile amaphepha adingekayo njengamafomu okuthuthela kwelinye izwe namafomu esimemezelo ngokwezifiso ngokunembile nangokwethembeka ngaphambi kokufika eRussia. Lawa mafomu ayahlukahluka kuye ngezimo ngazinye njengenhloso kanye nobude besikhathi sokuhlala. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abahambi abasuka e-Russia bangeqi izibonelelo zamahhala ezibekwe yimithetho yempahla yase-Russian ephathelene nokuthenga okwenziwa ezweni. Sengiphetha, ukuzulazula kumasiko aseRussia kudinga ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho ephathelene nemikhawulo yokumenyezelwa kohlobo lwemali, imikhawulo yezinto ezivinjiwe, ukugcwalisa imibhalo edingekayo ngokunembile kusengaphambili kuyilapho kulungiselelwa ukuhlolwa okungase kube khona lapho ufika/usuka ezikhumulweni zezindiza noma emingceleni yezwe.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Russia isebenzise inqubomgomo yentela ezimpahleni ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuze ivikele izimboni zayo zasekhaya futhi ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Izwe likhokhisa intela yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe emikhiqizweni eyahlukene, ehluka kuye ngohlobo nenani lempahla engenisiwe. Impahla engenisiwe e-Russia ingaphansi kwentela yempahla, i-VAT (Intela Engeziwe Yenani), kanye nezintela zempahla. Imisebenzi yentela ikhokhiswa ngokusekelwe enanini lenkambiso yomkhiqizo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwawo ngokuya nge-Russian Classification for Foreign Economic Activities (TN VED). Lawa mazinga angasukela ku-0% kuya kumaphesenti angamakhulu ambalwa, nakuba izinto eziningi zinenani lentela phakathi kuka-5% no-30%. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngokwenza imikhiqizo yangaphandle ibize kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nempahla ekhiqizwa kuleli. Ngaphezu kwentela yempahla, imikhiqizo engenisiwe nayo ingaphansi kwesilinganiso se-VAT esijwayelekile esingu-20%. Kodwa-ke, izimpahla ezithile ezibalulekile njengokudla, okokusebenza kwezolimo, imithi, izincwadi zokufunda, njll., zingase zibe ngaphansi kwenani le-VAT elincishisiwe noma elinguziro. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintela zempahla ingase futhi ibekwe ezigabeni ezithile zezimpahla ezingenisiwe ezifana notshwala nemikhiqizo kagwayi. Lezi zintela zihlose ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ngenkathi zifaka imali kuhulumeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi abangenisa impahla eRussia bathobele yonke imithethonqubo efanele mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwamakhodi entela kanye nezidingo zokubhalwa kwemibhalo. Ukungathobeli imithetho kungaholela ekubambezelekeni ekukhishweni kwentela yezimpahla noma izinhlawulo. Sekukonke, izinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa yaseRussia zihlose ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya ngokwenza imikhiqizo yangaphandle ibize kakhulu ngenkathi ingenisa imali ngezintela nezintela. Lezi zinyathelo zikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwendawo futhi zisekela ukukhula komnotho wezwe.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Russia iyizwe elikhulu elinomnotho ohlukahlukene, futhi inqubomgomo yalo yentela yokuthekelisa idlala indima enkulu ekulolongeni ubudlelwano bayo bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe. Uhulumeni waseRussia ubeka izintela ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezimpahleni ezihlukahlukene ukuze ulawule izimakethe zasekhaya, uthuthukise izimboni zasekhaya, futhi ungenisele uhulumeni imali. Izintela zokuthekelisa e-Russia ziqondise ngokuyinhloko izimpahla ezifana nowoyela, igesi, izinsimbi, nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Lezi zinsiza zibalulekile emnothweni waseRussia futhi ngokuvamile zimelela ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo yayo yokuthekelisa. Uhulumeni wethula futhi alungise lezi zintela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze alinganisele izithakazelo zezomnotho nesidingo sokusekela imakethe yasekhaya. Izilinganiso zentela ezibekwe ekuthunyelweni ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizo othile. Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela kwamanye amazwe kungaphansi kwentela yokuthekelisa eguquguqukayo ngokuya ngenani likawoyela womhlaba. Ngokufanayo, igesi yemvelo inezinga layo lentela elifuna kokubili inzuzo kanye nokuncintisana ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Izinsimbi ezinjenge-iron ore, i-aluminium, ithusi, i-nickel nazo zibhekana nezintela zokuthumela ngaphandle. Lezi zintela ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezikhiqizwa ngaphakathi e-Russia zithola indlela yazo ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza zasekhaya ngamanani aphusile kuyilapho zikhuthaza nemisebenzi ephezulu yokwengezwa kwenani ngaphakathi kwezwe. Imikhiqizo yezolimo ihlanganisa esinye isigaba esibalulekile esikhokhiswa intela yokuthekelisa eRussia. Izintela zingahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana nokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka kokudla noma imizamo yokugqugquzela ukukhula kwemboni yezolimo yendawo ngokunciphisa ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba lezi zintela zingangenisa imali eningi kuhulumeni wase-Russia, zingaphinde zithinte amanani entengo yempahla yomhlaba wonke kanye nokuguquguquka kohwebo namanye amazwe ancike ezinsizeni zaseRussia. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nezingxoxo eziqhubekayo mayelana nezinguquko ezingaba khona kuzinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yase-Russia njengengxenye yemizamo ebanzi yokuhlukahluka komnotho noma ukuphendula ezicini zezwe ezithinta ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke. Kutuswa ukuthi amabhizinisi ahwebelana namazwe ngamazwe neRussia ahlale enolwazi mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa noma ukuguqulwa kwalezi zinqubomgomo zentela ukuze ahlele ngempumelelo amasu awo okungenisa nokuthekelisa.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Russia, njengesidlali esibalulekile emakethe yomhlaba, inezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwezimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Lezi zitifiketi zisiza ukwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabangenisa kwamanye amazwe futhi zenze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Esinye sezitifiketi eziyinhloko zokuthekelisa e-Russia isitifiketi se-GOST-R (Gosudarstvenny Standart). Kuyimpoqo emikhiqizweni eminingi ethunyelwa evela eRussia futhi kubonisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zaseRussia. Lesi sitifiketi sihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene efana nemishini, izinto zikagesi, amakhemikhali, ukucubungula ukudla, nokunye. Ngemikhiqizo yezolimo ehloselwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, i-Phytosanitary Certificate ibalulekile. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo noma imikhiqizo yezitshalo ihloliwe futhi ayinazo izinambuzane noma izifo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ze-phytosanitary ezibekwe izinhlangano ezifana ne-International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). Ngokungeziwe kulezi zitifiketi eziqondene nomkhakha othile, i-Russia idinga futhi abathumeli bangaphandle ukuthi bathole Isitifiketi Sokuvumelana (CoC) noma Isimemezelo Sokuvumelana (DoC). I-CoC ibonisa ukuthi izimpahla zihlangabezana nemithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe edingekayo noma amazinga kazwelonke asungulwe yi-Rosstandart (Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology). Khonamanjalo, i-DoC isebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izimpahla zithobela imithetho ethile kodwa ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri. Esinye isitifiketi esibalulekile sokuthekelisa eRussia yi-ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Certification. Nakuba kungaphoqelekile kuwo wonke amabhizinisi, leli zinga elaziwa emhlabeni wonke libonisa ukuzibophezela kwenkampani ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngokungaguquki. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathekelisi baseRussia baqaphele lezi zidingo zezitifiketi ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe. Nakuba lesi sifinyezo sinikeza ukubuka kabanzi kwezinye izitifiketi ezijwayelekile zokuthekelisa eRussia; izigaba ezithile zomkhiqizo zingase zidinge imibhalo eyengeziwe ngokusekelwe emvelweni yazo kanye nemithetho yokungenisa yezwe okuyiwa kuyo. Sekukonke, ukuthola izitifiketi ezifanele zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kuqinisekisa abathengi emhlabeni wonke mayelana nokuzibophezela kweRussia ekuletheni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwekhwalithi kuyilapho ithobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Russia, izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezinkulu nezimpawu zomhlaba ezingokomlando. Uma udinga izinsizakalo ezithembekile ze-logistics eRussia, nazi ezinye izincomo okufanele uzicabangele. 1. Iposi lase-Russian: Isevisi yeposi kazwelonke yase-Russia, i-Russian Post inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuthumela kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngoxhaxha lwamagatsha ezweni lonke, inikeza ikhambi elilula nelithengekayo lokuthumela izincwadi, imibhalo, namaphakheji amancane. 2. I-DHL: Njengomunye wabahlinzeki abahamba phambili bomhlaba wonke bezokuthutha, i-DHL isebenza kakhulu e-Russia ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa okucacile ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngolwazi lwabo ekuthumeleni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokusebenzisana nabathwali basendaweni, i-DHL iqinisekisa ukulethwa okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo kulo lonke elaseRussia. 3. I-Pony Express: Inkampani eyaziwa kakhulu ye-courier esebenza ngokukhethekile ekulethweni kwasekhaya ngaphakathi kwe-Russia. I-Pony Express inikezela ngezinsizakalo zendlu ngendlu ngezinketho eziningi zokuletha okuhlanganisa ukulethwa kosuku olufanayo noma kosuku olulandelayo kuye ngokuphuthuma kokuthunyelwa kwakho. 4. I-RZD Logistics: Ngokuthutha izimpahla ezinkulu noma ukuthunyelwa kweziqukathi ngaphakathi kwe-Russia noma emazweni angomakhelwane njenge-China noma i-Europe, i-RZD Logistics iyisinqumo esinconyiwe. Bahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezibanzi zempahla yesitimela nezinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe zokukhishwa kwempahla ukuze kuthuthwe ngendlela efanele. 5. I-CDEK: Njengenkampani edidiyelwe yezokuthutha esebenza kuso sonke isifunda sase-Eurasia okuhlanganisa ne-Russia, i-CDEK inikeza inhlobonhlobo yezinsizakalo zezokuthutha njengezixazululo zezindawo zokugcina impahla, izinketho zokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina okuhlanganisa ukugcwaliseka kwe-e-commerce kanye nezikhiye zamaphasela. 6. I-AsstrA Associated Traffic AG: Uma udinga izixazululo zezokuthutha ezikhethekile njengokuthuthwa kwempahla emikhulu noma ukuphathwa kwempahla yephrojekthi ngaphakathi kwe-Russia noma ngaphezu kwemingcele yayo eya e-Europe noma e-Asia, cabangela ukuqasha izinsizakalo zochwepheshe zokudlulisa impahla ze-AsstrA Associated Traffic AG. 7. I-HeyHeyExpress (AKA Ruston): Inkundla ye-inthanethi edumile ehlanganisa abantu ngabanye abadinga ukuthumela amaphakheji nabahambi abanesikhala somthwalo esitholakalayo phakathi nohambo lwabo lokuya/kusuka emadolobheni ahlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-Russia. Lezi zincomo zinikeza izinketho ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile zokuhlela ngaphakathi kweRussia. Hlala ucabangela izici ezifana nosayizi kanye nemvelo yokuthunyelwa kwakho, ibhajethi, nomugqa wesikhathi wokulethwa lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wezokuthutha.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Russia iyizwe elineziteshi eziningi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo. Lezi zinkundla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuheheni abathengi bomhlaba wonke nasekukhuthazeni imikhiqizo nezimboni zaseRussia emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Nazi ezinye eziphawulekayo: 1. I-Moscow International Trade Fair: I-Moscow International Trade Fair, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-YugAgro, ingomunye wemibukiso emikhulu yezolimo yaseRussia. Ihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi yebhizinisi lezolimo, okuhlanganisa imishini, izinto zokusebenza, ukuzalanisa izilwane, ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, nokucubungula ukudla. Lo mbukiso wezohwebo unikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi bahlole imikhiqizo yezolimo yaseRussia futhi basungule ubudlelwano. 2. Inkundla Yezomnotho Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yase-St. Petersburg (SPIEF): Isithangami Sezomnotho Samazwe Ngamazwe SaseSt. Petersburg siwumcimbi waminyaka yonke osebenza njengenkundla yabaholi bamabhizinisi abavela emhlabeni wonke ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezibalulekile zomnotho eRussia kanye namanye amazwe. Iheha izikhulu zikahulumeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ama-CEO ezinkampani ezinkulu, nabamele izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ezamandla, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe, ezokukhiqiza njll., okuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana kanye nokuhlola imiklamo yokutshalwa kwezimali okungenzeka ibe khona. 3. I-Innoprom: I-Innoprom umbukiso wezohwebo wezimboni obanjelwe eYekaterinburg ogxile ekuboniseni ubuchwepheshe obusha kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukahlukene njengokwakha umshini, izixazululo zokonga amandla, amarobhothi njll., Ukuheha izivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe ezinentshisekelo yobuchwepheshe baseRussia kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. 4. WorldFood Moscow: I-WorldFood Moscow ingomunye wemibukiso ehamba phambili yemboni yezokudla eRussia lapho abakhiqizi bezwe bethula imikhiqizo yabo eceleni kwezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezethula ukudla okuvela kuwo wonke umhlaba omele zonke izigaba: igrosa & snacks; i-confectionery; indawo yokubhaka; itiye nekhofi; imboni yeziphuzo ezidakayo njll., Lo mbukiso usebenza njengenkundla ebalulekile yezinkampani ezifuywayo ukuxhumana nabathengi bamazwe aphesheya abanentshisekelo yemikhiqizo yokudla yaseRussia. 5.Amaplathifomu e-E-commerce eCross-Border: I-Russia ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele njenge-AliExpress Russia (ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-Alibaba Group ne-Mail.ru Group), elenza abathengisi baseShayina bakwazi ukufinyelela imakethe yaseRussia ngokuphumelelayo. Enye inkundla evelele enqamula imingcele esebenza e-Russia i-Wildberries, isitolo se-inthanethi esizinze e-Russian esihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene. 6. Uhlelo Lokufaka Indawo: Njengengxenye yohlelo lokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe, iRussia ibilokhu ikhulisa ukugxila kwayo ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya ukuze kuthathelwe indawo impahla evela kwamanye amazwe ngokuphawulekayo. Uhulumeni wasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokweseka abakhiqizi basekhaya, okuhlanganisa nekhefu lentela kanye nezibonelelo. Lesi sinyathelo sidala amathuba okuba izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zihlanganyele nabakhiqizi noma abahlinzeki baseRussia. Kafushane, iRussia inikeza iziteshi eziningi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo efana neMoscow International Trade Fair (YugAgro), St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF), Innoprom, umbukiso weWorldFood Moscow njll., Lezi zinkundla zenza abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bakwazi ukuhlola futhi ukuxhumana nezimboni zaseRussia ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngamathuba ezinkampanini zaseRussia zokwandisa ukufinyelela kwazo endaweni yemakethe yomhlaba.
E-Russia, kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezidumile abantu abavame ukuzisebenzisa ukuze baphequlule i-inthanethi futhi bathole ulwazi. Izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eRussia zihlanganisa: 1. I-Yandex - I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha enkulu kunazo zonke nedume kakhulu eRussia. Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yezinsizakalo, ezihlanganisa ukusesha iwebhu, amamephu, izindaba, izithombe, amavidiyo, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi yeYandex ithi: www.yandex.ru. 2. I-Google - Nakuba i-Google ingumdondoshiya wokusesha emhlabeni wonke futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, iphinde ibe khona okubalulekile emakethe yaseRussia. Abantu abaningi baseRussia bancamela ukusebenzisa i-Google ukuze bathole imiphumela yosesho enembile nezinkonzo ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-Gmail ne-YouTube. Iwebhusayithi yeGoogle Russia ithi: www.google.ru. 3. I-Mail.ru - Nakuba yaziwa ngokuyinhloko njengomnikezeli wesevisi ye-imeyili, i-Mail.ru iphinde inikeze injini yokusesha ebizwa nge-Mail.ru Search (eyayaziwa ngokuthi iWebalta). Ihlinzeka abasebenzisi ngemiphumela yosesho efanele kanye namanye amasevisi afana nezibuyekezo zezindaba nezibikezelo zesimo sezulu. Ungafinyelela Usesho lwe-Mail.ru ku: www.search.mail.ru. 4. I-Rambler - I-Rambler enye ingosi ye-inthanethi yaseRussia eyaziwa kakhulu enenjini yokusesha ebizwa ngokuthi i-Rambler Search (phambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Rambler Top 100). Ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kokusesha iwebhu, i-Rambler iphinde inikeze ngezinsizakalo ze-imeyili, izibuyekezo zezindaba, isevisi yomculo yokusakaza, izibikezelo zesimo sezulu, njll. Ungavakashela i-Rambler Search ku: www.rambler.ru. 5. I-Bing - Nakuba ingeyona evelele njengalaba okushiwo ngenhla ekudumeni phakathi kwamaRussia ngokuvamile, i-Bing isenabasebenzisi abathile ezweni ngenxa yokukhonjwa kwayo okubanzi kokuqukethwe kwamazwe ngamazwe okuhambisana nezici zendawo ezihlinzekwa yi-Microsoft eziklanyelwe abasebenzisi baseRussia ngokukhethekile. com/?cc=ru Lezi ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Russia namawebhusayithi azo ashiwo ngenhla.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

I-Russia iyizwe elikhulu elinezinhlobonhlobo zamabhizinisi nezinsizakalo ezitholakalayo kubahlali balo nabavakashi. Nalu uhlu lwamawebhusayithi adumile amakhasi aphuzi angakusiza ukuthi uthole ulwazi mayelana nezinkampani ezahlukahlukene eRussia: 1. I-Yandex: Injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Russia, i-Yandex inikeza uhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi oluphelele olwaziwa nge-"Yandex.Pages." Ihlinzeka ngemininingwane yokuxhumana, amakheli, nezibuyekezo zabasebenzisi zamabhizinisi kuyo yonke imikhakha eyahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: pages.yandex.ru 2. I-2GIS: Isevisi edumile yokwenza amamephu e-Russia, i-2GIS iphinde ihlanganise uhla lwemibhalo olunamakhasi aphuzi oluhlanganisa amadolobha amaningi ezweni lonke. Ungathola ulwazi mayelana namabhizinisi endawo, okuhlanganisa imininingwane yokuxhumana, amahora okusebenza, nezilinganiso zabasebenzisi kuwebhusayithi yabo. Iwebhusayithi: 2gis.ru 3. I-Yellow Pages Russia (YP.RU): Le webhusayithi igxile ngokukhethekile ekuxhumaniseni abasebenzisi nezinkampani zasendaweni kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukene ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezokwakha, izinsiza zokwamukela izihambi, njll., ngokusebenzisa uhla lwemibhalo lwamakhasi aphuzi abanzi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: yp.ru 4. I-Moscow InfoYellowPages: Njengoba igama libonisa, le nkundla inikezelwe ekunikezeni ulwazi mayelana nezinkampani ezizinze e-Moscow ngokuqondile. Ihlinzeka ngesizindalwazi esiseshekayo samabhizinisi ahlukaniswe izimboni kanye nemininingwane yawo yokuxhumana nolunye ulwazi olufanele. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: mosyello.com 5. I-RUweb Yellow Pages (Catalog.web100.com): Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi luhlanganisa izinkampani eziningi zaseRussia ezihlelwe ngezigaba nendawo ukuze kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuthola abakufunayo ngokushesha. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lawa kungamawebhusayithi athile amakhasi aphuzi asetshenziswa kakhulu e-Russia, kungase kube namanye atholakale futhi kuye ngendawo okuyo noma idolobha elithile ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Russia iyizwe elikhulu elinemakethe ye-e-commerce ekhula ngokushesha. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce eRussia kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. Amajikijolo asendle (https://www.wildberries.ru/) - Amajikijolo angama-Wildberry angenye yezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce e-Russia futhi anikezela ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa okokugqoka, izinto zikagesi, imikhiqizo yobuhle, impahla yasekhaya, nokunye. 2. I-Ozon (https://www.ozon.ru/) - I-Ozon enye indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi edumile e-Russia ethengisa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene njengezincwadi, izinto zikagesi, izinto zasendlini, izinsiza zemfashini, nokunye. 3. I-AliExpress Russia (https://aliexpress.ru/) - I-AliExpress ithole ukuthandwa okuphawulekayo eRussia ngenxa yokukhethwa kwayo okuningi kwemikhiqizo ethengekayo evela kubathengisi baseShayina. 4. Yandex.Market (https://market.yandex.ru/) - Yandex.Market iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi ephethwe yisikhondlakhondla senjini yokusesha yaseRussia i-Yandex. Ifaka abathengisi abaningi abahlinzeka ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene njengezinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, impahla yasekhaya, nokuningi. 5. I-Lamoda (https://www.lamoda.ru/) - I-Lamoda igxile ekunikezeni izinto zemfashini ezihlanganisa izingubo zabesilisa nabesifazane, izicathulo, izinsiza ezivela kokubili kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe. 6. I-Beru nge-Yandex (https://beru.ru/) - I-Beru iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi ephethwe yi-Yandex egxile ekuthengiseni imikhiqizo evela kubathengisi abathembekile baseRussia ezigabeni ezihlukene ezifana nogesi, ukudla kwegilosa njll. 7. I-Mvideo (https://www.mvideo.ru/) - I-Mvideo iyinkundla edumile egxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi zabathengi njengama-smartphone, ama-computer tablets amathuluzi okudlala njll 8 .Rozetka( https://rozetka.ua) -- I-Rozetka igxile kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi ezinezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezihlanganisa amakhompyutha aphathekayo , amaselula , izinto zikagesi zasendlini nokunye okuningi. 9 .Citilink( https:/citilink.ru) - I-CitiLink igxile kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, amagajethi, amakhompyutha nezinto zikagesi Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce eRussia. Kukhona ezinye izinkundla ezincane kanye nokuhlinzekela izindawo ezithile ezifana nokulethwa kokudla (I-Delivery Club), ukubhukha amahhotela (Booking.com), izinsiza zokuhamba (OneTwoTrip), nokuningi. Kuhlale kuhle ukucwaninga ngaphambi kokuthenga ngokuqhathanisa izintengo, ukufunda izibuyekezo, nokuhlola isithunzi sabathengisi kulezi nkundla.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Russia iyizwe elinenqwaba yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezibhekelela abantu abahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile eRussia kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-VKontakte (VK) - eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Facebook yaseRussia," i-VKontakte ingenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu kakhulu eRussia. Abasebenzisi bangakha amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane, bajoyine imiphakathi, babelane ngokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia, futhi badlale imidlalo eku-inthanethi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: vk.com 2. I-Odnoklassniki - Le nkundla igxile ekuxhumeni kabusha ofunda nabo kanye nabangane bakudala. Abasebenzisi bangathola futhi baxhumane nabantu abavela ezikoleni zabo nasemanyuvesi, bajoyine imiphakathi enezihloko, badlale imidlalo, futhi babelane ngezithombe/amavidiyo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: ok.ru 3. Umhlaba Wami (Moy Mir) - Iqhutshwa yi-Mail.ru Group, I-My World ihlanganisa izici zokubhuloga nezingosi zokuxhumana nabantu lapho abasebenzisi bengathola khona okuqukethwe okuthakazelisayo okwenzelwe wena siqu izintshisekelo zabo noma benze awabo amabhulogi ukuze babelane ngemicabango/imibono esidlangalaleni noma ngasese ngaphakathi inethiwekhi yabangane. Iwebhusayithi: my.mail.ru 4. I-Telegram - Njengenkundla yokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo eyakhiwe usomabhizinisi waseRussia u-Pavel Durov, iTelegram ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imilayezo, izingcingo zezwi, amafayela e-multimedia anombhalo oyimfihlo osuka ekupheleni ukuze uthole ubumfihlo obuthuthukisiwe. Iwebhusayithi: telegram.org 5. I-Instagram - Nakuba ingakhethekile eRussia njengamanye amapulatifomu akulolu hlu kodwa idume kakhulu phakathi kwamaRussia nokho; kuyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo lapho abasebenzisi bathumela khona okuqukethwe okungenziwa esidlangalaleni noma okwabelwane ngazo kuphela kubalandeli babo. Iwebhusayithi: instagram.com

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Russia inezinhlangano eziningana ezinkulu zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe. Nazi ezinye zazo kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP) Iwebhusayithi http://www.rspp.ru/en/ 2. Inhlangano Yamabhange AseRussia (ARB) Iwebhusayithi: https://arb.ru/en/home 3. Inhlangano Yabakhiqizi Bezimoto (OAR) Iwebhusayithi http://oar-info.com/ 4. I-Russian Union of Chemists (RUC) Iwebhusayithi http://ruc-union.org/ 5. Inhlangano Yabakhiqizi Begesi Nabathumela Ngaphandle (AGPE) Iwebhusayithi: http://www.harvest-season.ru/international/about-eng#plans 6. I-Federation of Restaurateurs kanye Nabanikazi Bamahhotela Iwebhusayithi https://fbrussia.ru/?lang=en 7. Inhlangano yabasakazi beThelevishini neRadio Iwebhusayithi http://aabbrt.org/?lang=en 8. I-Russian Guild for Film Distribution Iwebhusayithi http://kino.kit.ru/eng/guild-rus.php 9.I-Russian Union of Flour Mills & Groats Plants(RUFMGP) iwebhusayithi:http//rufmgp.su 10.Amalungu e-Russian Organizers Zone(ROZSPOZHIVETERS UNION) iwebhusayithi:http//rozsplur-union.strtersite.com Lezi zinhlangano zihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene efana nezimboni, amabhange, ukukhiqiza izimoto, amakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo, izihambi, ukusakazwa kwabezindaba, ukusatshalaliswa kwefilimu, ukucubungula ukudla(okungukuthi, i-RUFMGP), kanye nezimpahla zabathengi(okungukuthi, ROZSPOZHIVETERS UNION). Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ulwazi olunikeziwe lunembile ngesikhathi sokubhala le mpendulo kodwa kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele amawebhusayithi abo ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zakamuva ngalezi zinhlangano zezimboni.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo e-Russia kanye nama-URL awo: 1. Umnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Wenhlangano YaseRussia - Le webhusayithi esemthethweni inikeza ulwazi ngezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, imithethonqubo, amathuba okutshala izimali, nezinkomba zezomnotho. Iwebhusayithi http://economy.gov.ru/eng 2. I-Russian Direct Investment Fund - Lesi sikhwama somnotho esizimele sithuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kumaphrojekthi ase-Russian emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Inikeza ulwazi ngamathuba okutshala imali, usesho lozakwethu, nezibuyekezo zakamuva zezindaba. Iwebhusayithi: https://rdif.ru/Eng_Index/ 3. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation - Igumbi limele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi e-Russia futhi lenze imisebenzi yohwebo ngokuhlinzeka ngezitifiketi, usizo lwezomthetho, imibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, kanye nemicimbi yokuxhumana. Iwebhusayithi: https://tpprf.ru/en/home 4. Tshala imali e-Russia - Le webhusayithi isebenza njengomthombo owodwa kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukuhlola amathuba ebhizinisi e-Russia. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi oluqondene nomkhakha othize, izifundo zezenzakalo, imihlahlandlela yabatshalizimali, nezibuyekezo zezindaba mayelana nemithethonqubo kanye nezinzuzo. Iwebhusayithi: https://investinrussia.com/ 5. I-FAS Russia (Isevisi Ye-Federal Antimonopoly) - I-FAS iqinisekisa ukuncintisana ezimakethe ngokulawula izinqubo ezivimbelayo ezingase zithiye ukuhweba okunobulungiswa noma zilimaze izithakazelo zabathengi emnothweni waseRussia. Iwebhusayithi http://en.fas.gov.ru/ 6. IBhange Elikhulu LaseRussia - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ezinyathelweni zenqubomgomo yezimali ezamukelwe ibhange eliyinhloko kanye nezibalo zezezimali ezibalulekile eziphathelene nezilinganiso zenzalo, izilinganiso zokukhuphuka kwamandla emali ezilinganisweni zohlobo lwemali njll. Iwebhusayithi http://www.cbr.ru/eng/ 7.Export.gov/Russia – Idalwe i-U.S Commercial Service (USCS), le webhusayithi isiza ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eziphuma ezinkampanini zaseMelika kuya e-Russia ngokunikeza imibiko yemakethe eqondene nemboni ethile , izinsizakalo zokwelulekwa kanye nemininingwane mayelana nozakwethu bendawo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.export.gov/russia/index.asp

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningana edatha yezohwebo atholakalayo ukuze abuze ulwazi lohwebo lwaseRussia. Nazi ezinye izibonelo kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi afanele: 1. I-Federal Customs Service yaseRussia: Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomnyango wentela eRussia. Inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezinto ezithengwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, kanye nezibalo zamasiko. Iwebhusayithi http://www.customs.ru/en/ 2. Imephu Yokuhweba: Ithuthukiswe yi-International Trade Center (ITC), le nkundla inikeza izibalo zohwebo eziphelele kanye nolwazi lokufinyelela ezimakethe zaseRussia. Iwebhusayithi http://www.trademap.org/ 3. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS): I-WITS inikeza ukufinyelela kudathabheyisi ehlukahlukene yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa idatha evela kwiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene kanye neBhange Lomhlaba. Abasebenzisi bangasesha idatha yokuhweba yaseRussia lapha. Iwebhusayithi https://wits.worldbank.org/ 4. Isizindalwazi se-UN Comtrade: Lesi sizindalwazi, esigcinwe yi-United Nations Statistics Division, sinikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kudatha enemininingwane yohwebo yokuthengisa ebikwe ngamazwe angaphezu kuka-200 kuhlanganise neRussia. Iwebhusayithi: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5. I-Global Trade Tracker (GTT): I-GTT yenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukufinyelela idatha yomhlaba wonke yokuthekelisa okuhlanganisa neyaseRussia futhi benze ukuhlaziya ngokwezifiso kusetshenziswa imingcele ehlukene. Iwebhusayithi http://www.globaltradetracker.com/ 6. I-Export.gov I-Russian Country Commercial Guide: Nakuba kungeyona ingosi yedatha yezohwebo ezinikezele, lo mhlahlandlela oshicilelwe uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-U.S uhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngendawo yezohwebo yase-Russia futhi uhlanganisa nezibalo ezithile zokuhweba ezifanele. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.export.gov/russia Lawa mawebhusayithi kufanele akunikeze ingcebo yolwazi oluhlobene nemisebenzi yokuhweba yase-Russian efana nokungenisa, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, amanani entengo, amathrendi emakethe, nokuningi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise kanye nolwazi oluyisithenjwa oluvela emithonjeni eminingi uma uncike kwizibalo zohwebo ngocwaningo noma izinjongo zebhizinisi.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-Russia, kunezinkundla eziningi ezaziwayo ze-B2B ezingasetshenziswa ngamabhizinisi. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. I-Alibaba Russia - Le nkundla iyingxenye ye-Alibaba Group futhi inikeza izinsizakalo zohwebo phakathi kwabathengisi bomhlaba wonke namabhizinisi aseRussia. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: alibaba.ru 2. Kwenziwe e-Russia - Le nkundla inikezelwe ekuphromothweni nasekuthengisweni kwezimpahla ezenziwe e-Russia futhi isiza abathengi basekhaya nabangaphandle ukuthi bathole abahlinzeki abalungile. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.madeinrussia.com 3. I-EC21 Russia - EC21 ingenye yezindawo zemakethe ze-elekthronikhi ezinkulu ze-B2B e-Asia, nazo zikhona e-Russia, futhi zinikeza inkundla yokuhweba nokubambisana eqondene ngqo nemakethe yaseRussia. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: ru.ec21.com 4. I-TradeWheel Russia - Le nkundla yokuhweba nge-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke inenani elikhulu labathengisi abavela ezimbonini nasezinkambu ezihlukahlukene ezibhalisiwe futhi ibahlinzeka ngomgudu oqondile wokuxhuma nokwenza imisebenzi yokuhweba. Iwebhusayithi http://www.tradewheel.ru 5. I-Export-Forum Russia - Le nkundla yakhelwe ukusiza abathumeli bangaphandle ukuthi baxhumane namakhasimende angaba khona futhi banikeze iseluleko, izinsiza kanye nolwazi lokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi: export-forum.ru Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amasayithi abalulwe ngenhla amele inombolo encane kuphela yezingxenyekazi ze-B2B ezaziwayo, futhi amanye amasayithi angase adinge ukuseshwa okwengeziwe ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile.
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