More

TogTok

Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
right
Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Eritrea, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-State of Eritrea, iyizwe elisengxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Afrika. Inqamula iSudan ngasentshonalanga, i-Ethiopia eningizimu, i-Djibouti eningizimu-mpumalanga, futhi yabelana ngomngcele wasolwandle neYemen. I-Eritrea yathola inkululeko ku-Ethiopia ngo-1993 ngemuva komzabalazo wezikhali owadonsa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-117,600, i-Eritrea inezindawo ezihlukene ezisukela ezintabeni kuye ezindaweni eziphansi. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke kuleli yi-Asmara. Njengoba inani labantu elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-6, i-Eritrea iyikhaya lezizwe eziningana ezihlanganisa amaTigrinya (enkulu kunazo zonke), amaTigre, amaSaho, uBilen, uRashaida nezinye. Izilimi ezisemthethweni ezikhulunywa e-Eritrea isiTigrinya nesi-Arabhu; Nokho, IsiNgisi sikhulunywa kabanzi ngenxa yomlando waso njengekoloni lase-Italy phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Inkolo enkulu esetshenziswa e-Eritrea inkolo yobuSulumane elandelwa ubuKristu. Ngokomnotho, ngenxa yendawo yayo eseduze nemizila emikhulu yemikhumbi nezinsiza zemvelo njengegolide, ithusi, i-zinc, kanye namadiphozithi kasawoti, i-Eritrea inamandla amakhulu okukhula komnotho. Uhulumeni ubegxile ekuthuthukiseni imiklamo yengqalasizinda efana nemigwaqo namachweba ukuze ahehe abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Umphakathi wase-Eritrean uzungeza kumagugu omphakathi onobudlelwane obuqinile bokuzalana. Amasiko afana nemikhosi yekhofi avame ukubonwa kuyo yonke imibuthano yokuzijabulisa. Abantu base-Eritrea bayaziqhenya ngobuciko babo bendabuko nemisebenzi yezandla ehlanganisa ukwenza ubucwebe obuyinkimbinkimbi. kanye nezingubo ezifekethisiwe ngokucebile ezimelela amaqembu amasiko ahlukene. Nokho, i-Eritea ibhekene nezinselelo ezihlanganisa ingcindezelo yezombusazwe, isomiso esiqhubekayo, kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi elinganiselwe. Uhulumeni wezwe ubekela imingcele inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuphikiswa kwezombusazwe, nabezindaba ezizimele. Sengiphetha, i-Eritea, isizwe esisha, esigcwele izinselelo zezombangazwe, ezomnotho, nezenhlalo, iyaqhubeka nokulwela ukuzinza nentuthuko.
Imali Yezwe
I-Eritrea, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-State of Eritrea, iyizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Njengamanje, i-Eritrea ayinayo imali yayo esemthethweni. Ithenda esemthethweni esetshenziswa ekuhwebeni kwansuku zonke empeleni yi-Ethiopian Birr (ETB). Ngokomlando, ngenkathi i-Eritrea ithola inkululeko ku-Ethiopia ngo-1993, yethula imali yayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Eritrea nakfa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nezinselelo zezomnotho izwe elibhekane nazo eminyakeni edlule, okuhlanganisa izingxabano namazwe angomakhelwane kanye nezijeziso ezabekwa izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, uhulumeni wanquma ukulinciphisa nokumisa izinga lokushintshwa kwemali yabo. Ngenxa yalokho, ilahlekelwe inani layo ngokuphawulekayo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Kusukela lapho, amabhizinisi amaningi kanye nabantu ngokuyinhloko basebenzisa i-Ethiopian Birr emisebenzini yansuku zonke ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. Lokhu kuthembela emalini yangaphandle kudale izinselelo ezithile zomnotho kubahlali namabhizinisi ngokufanayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisa imali yelinye izwe kungaholela ebunzimeni ezingxoxweni zohwebo kanye nezingozi zezinga lokushintshisana kwezakhamuzi eziqhuba ibhizinisi nezinye izizwe. Ukuntuleka kwemali ezimele nakho kunciphisa ukulawula kukahulumeni phezu kwenqubomgomo yezimali nokuzinza komnotho. Sengiphetha, i-Eritrea ithembele ku-Ethiopian Birr njengohlobo lwayo oluyinhloko lwethenda esemthethweni ngenxa yezehlakalo zomlando nezinselele zomnotho izwe elibhekane nazo. Ukungabi nayo imali yezwe ezimele kubangela izihibe ezithile kodwa okwamanje kuyingxenye eyamukelekayo yempilo yansuku zonke yabantu abahlala e-Eritrea.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Ithenda esemthethweni yase-Eritrea yi-Nakfa. Okwamanje, i-Eritrea ayimethuli obala izinga lokushintshanisa ngemali nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwesimo semakethe yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe, emakethe engekho emthethweni, i-dollar eyi-1 ilingana ne-15 kuya ku-17 nakas. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zibalo ziyizilinganiso kuphela futhi izimo zangempela zingashintsha. Kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nemininingwane yakamuva yezinga lokushintshanisa uma kudingeka.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Eritrea, izwe elise-Horn of Africa, inamaholide kazwelonke ambalwa abalulekile anokubaluleka kwamasiko nomlando. Le mikhosi igujwa ngesasasa elikhulu futhi ihlanganisa abantu ukuze bahloniphe amasiko namagugu abo. Usuku Lokuzimela lungelinye lamaholide abaluleke kakhulu e-Eritrea. Kugujwa ngoMeyi 24, kuphawula usuku lapho i-Eritrea yathola khona inkululeko ku-Ethiopia ngo-1991 ngemva komzabalazo omude nochitha igazi. Le migubho ihlanganisa imigubho, imidlalo yomculo, imidanso yesintu, nezinkulumo eziqhakambisa impumelelo yezwe selokhu lathola inkululeko. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile uSuku Lwabafel’ ukholo, olugujwa ngo-June 20 unyaka ngamunye. Lolu suku luhlonipha labo abadela ukuphila kwabo ngesikhathi i-Eritrea ilwela uzibuse. Abantu bavakashela amathuna ukuze bakhumbule amaqhawe awile ngokubeka amagoda ezimbali nezimbali emathuneni abo. Ama-Eritrea nawo agubha iNational Union Day ngoNovemba 24. Leli holidi likhumbula ukwakhiwa komfelandawonye phakathi kwe-Eritrea ne-Ethiopia ngo-1952 ngaphambi kokuthi lithathwe yi-Ethiopia ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ihlonipha izifiso zobumbano phakathi kwamazwe womabili kuyilapho iqaphela amasiko nemikhuba eyabiwe. I-Meskel (Ukuthola Isiphambano Seqiniso) iholidi lasendulo lobuKristu lobu-Orthodox base-Ethiopia eligujwa kabanzi nase-Eritrea. Igujwa minyaka yonke ngoSepthemba 27 noma ngalolu suku kuye ngokubalwa kwekhalenda leSonto Lobu-Orthodox lase-Ethiopia, iphawula ukutholwa kwesiphambano sikaJesu Kristu nguSaint Helena eJerusalema phakathi nekhulu lesine A.D. ngemililo evuthayo ebonisa ukubaluleka kwayo okungokwenkolo. Sekukonke, le mikhosi ikhombisa umlando ocebile we-Eritea, ukuqina, ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko, futhi iqinisa ukuzigqaja ngokwezwe phakathi kwezakhamizi zayo njengoba ikhumbula izikhathi ezibalulekile ezilolonge izwe labo libe yilokho elikumelelayo namuhla.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Eritrea, etholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika, iyizwe elincane elinabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-5.3. Umnotho wezwe uthembele kakhulu emikhakheni yezolimo, yezimayini, kanye nezinsizakalo. Mayelana nohwebo, i-Eritrea ithumela ngokuyinhloko izimpahla ezinjengamaminerali (igolide, ithusi, i-zinc), imfuyo (izinkomo namakamela), izindwangu, nemikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo nemifino. Abalingani bayo abakhulu bokuhweba bahlanganisa i-Italy, i-China, iSaudi Arabia, iSudan neQatar. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Eritrea ingenisa kwamanye amazwe izimpahla ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa imishini nemishini ngezinjongo zezimayini nezokwakha. Iphinde futhi ingenise imikhiqizo yokudla efana nelayisi nokolweni ngenxa yokuzimela okulinganiselwe ezindaweni ezithile zezolimo. Imithombo emikhulu yokungenisa e-Eritrea ihlanganisa i-China, i-Italy Egypt, neTurkey. Uhulumeni usesungule izindawo ezimbalwa zokuhwebelana mahhala ukuze ahehe abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe emikhakheni efana neyokukhiqiza uma kuza ekuheheni abatshalizimali bangaphandle (i-FDI). Lezi zindawo zamahhala zinikeza izinxephezelo zentela ukukhuthaza izimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza izindwangu ezisekela izidingo zokukhiqiza ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi i-Eritrea ibhekane nezingxabano eziningi zezepolitiki namazwe angomakhelwane ngenxa yezingxabano zemingcele ezithinte amathuba ayo okukhula komnotho. Lezi zinselele zithiya amandla obudlelwano bohwebo bamazwe ngamazwe obungasiza imizamo yokuthuthukisa umnotho ngokuhlinzeka ngezimakethe ezintsha zemikhiqizo yakuleli. Isamba sokushoda kwezohwebo siseyinkinga ebalulekile emnothweni we-Eritrea njengoba idonsa kanzima umthamo olinganiselwe wokuthumela ngaphandle phakathi kwezinselelo zangaphakathi ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ingqalasizinda enganele. Ukwengeza, unswinyo olwenziwa ngamanye amazwe ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwamalungelo abantu lube nomthelela namathuba okuhweba omhlaba kulesi sizwe. Sengiphetha,Isimo samanje sokuhweba sase-Eritrea sibonisa umnotho othembele kakhulu kwezolimo kuyilapho izama ukuhlukahluka ngokutshalwa kwezimali emisebenzini yezimayini、Izindawo Zohwebo Ezikhululekile . Noma kunjalo, ukushoda kwezohwebo kuhlala kuyinselelo kanye nezinkinga zezwe ezibeka umkhawulo wamathuba okukhula.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Eritrea inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Njengezwe elise-Horn of Africa, ijabulela ukufinyelela okunobuhlakani emizileni emikhulu yemikhumbi. Lokhu kunikeza i-Eritrea izimo ezivumayo zokuhweba ngezimpahla namasevisi nezimakethe zesifunda nezomhlaba jikelele. Omunye wemikhakha esemqoka efaka isandla ekuhwebeni kwe-Eritrea nangaphandle ezezimayini. Izwe linamatshe amaningi amaminerali njengegolide, ithusi, i-zinc, ne-potash. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele kwengqalasizinda nobuchwepheshe, i-Eritrea ingaheha izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezinentshisekelo yokukhipha lezi zinsiza ezibalulekile. Lokhu ngeke kukhuphule imali engenayo nje kuphela kodwa futhi kuzodala amathuba emisebenzi futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula komnotho. Umkhakha wezolimo uphinde unikeze amathuba athembisayo okuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwangaphandle e-Eritrea. Izwe linomhlaba ovundile ofanele ukulinywa izinhlobonhlobo zezilimo ezihlanganisa okusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino, ikhofi nokotini. Ngokwenza ngcono izindlela zolimo ngokusebenzisa amasu esimanje kanye nokutshala izimali ezinhlelweni zokunisela, i-Eritrea ingakhuphula umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zasekhaya kuyilapho izisungula njengomnikezeli onokwethenjelwa emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezokuvakasha ziveza enye indlela yokukhulisa umnotho ngokuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwangaphandle. I-Eritrea inezindawo zomlando ezihlukile ezifana ne-Asmara art deco architecture eqashelwa Uhlu Lwamagugu Omhlaba lwe-UNESCO. Ukwengeza, inogu oluhle eduze noLwandle Olubomvu olulungele imisebenzi yokuvakasha yasolwandle efana ne-snorkeling kanye ne-diving. Ukuphromotha lezi zindawo ezikhangayo kubavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe kungaba negalelo elikhulu ekwandiseni imali yangaphandle. Naphezu kwaleli thuba elikhulu lokuthuthukiswa kwezohwebo lwangaphandle emikhakheni eyahlukene eshiwo ngenhla, I-Eritrea ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile okudingeka zixazululwe ngempumelelo: ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda eyanele okuhlanganisa namanethiwekhi ezokuthutha; ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe emathubeni ezezimali; izingxabano zezombangazwe ezithinta ubudlelwano bamazwe amabili namazwe angomakhelwane obuthiye amathuba okuhweba awela imingcele. Ukuze uvule ngokugcwele amandla ayo ohwebo lwangaphandle, kubalulekile ukuba iziphathimandla zikahulumeni wase-Eritrea zibeke phambili ukunaka ekubhekaneni nezidingo zengqalasizinda, zivumele ukuhlinzekwa kwezindawo zokuhlela ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nemizamo yokuxhumana ehloselwe ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano obushelelezi nobunobunye nomakhelwane bayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokubambisana kwesifunda. Sekukonke, ngokutshala imali ngendlela efanele emikhakheni ebalulekile, kanye nemizamo yokunqoba izinselele I-Eritrea inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle futhi ifake isandla ekukhuleni kwayo komnotho.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edumile yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle e-Eritrea, kubalulekile ukucabangela umnotho wezwe, izintandokazi zabathengi, kanye nesidingo esingaba khona. Nawa amathiphu ambalwa okuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani nokukhetha lezi zinto ezithengiswa kakhulu: 1. Yenza ucwaningo lwemakethe: Qala ngokuqonda isimo somnotho kanye namandla okukhula kwe-Eritrea. Khomba izimboni ezibalulekile nemikhakha lapho izwe linenzuzo yokuncintisana noma izimakethe ezisafufusa. 2. Hlola okuthandwa ngabathengi: Funda isiko lendawo, amathrendi endlela yokuphila, namandla okuthenga wabathengi base-Eritrea. Cabangela imikhiqizo eqondana nezidingo zabo kanye nezintandokazi zabo kuyilapho unikeza okuthile okuhlukile noma okungatholakali endaweni. 3. Gxila emkhiqizweni wezolimo: Uma kubhekwa umnotho wezolimo, imikhiqizo yezolimo inamandla amakhulu okuthekelisa e-Eritrea. Hlola izinketho ezifana nobhontshisi wekhofi, izinongo (ezifana nekhumini noma i-turmeric), izithelo (umango noma ama-papaya), noma imifino (utamatisi noma u-anyanisi). 4. Thuthukisa imisebenzi yezandla: Imisebenzi yezandla iheha kakhulu abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokuhluka kwayo kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko. Khuthaza izingcweti ukuthi zenze imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko efana nezitsha zobumba, izindwangu ezilukiwe njengamatshali noma amaragi, izinto eziqoshwe ngokhuni, obhasikidi abenziwe ngezinto zasendaweni. 5. Ukuthuthukisa izinto zokugaywa kwezolimo: Cabangela ukutshala imali ezikhungweni zokugaywa kwezolimo ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea ukuze kwengezwe inani lemikhiqizo yezolimo efana nobhontshisi wekhofi ekhofini eligayiwe elilungele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe; lokhu kungakhuphula inani lomkhiqizo ngenkathi kuvulwa izimakethe ezintsha. 6.Khangisa izingubo zomdabu: Imakethe yezimpahla zomdabu zangempela ezibonisa isiko lama-Eritrea usebenzisa izindwangu zasendaweni nemiklamo—lokhu kungaheha izivakashi kanye nabathengi bakwamanye amazwe abathanda izitayela zemfashini ezihlukile. 7.Hlola amandla emithombo yezimbiwa: Ukuhlola imboni yezimayini kungasiza ukuhlonza amaminerali abalulekile akhona ezweni okungenzeka afunwe emhlabeni jikelele njengegolide, i-tantalum, i-nickel, ithusi njll. 8.Cabangela izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo: I-Erectria iveza amathuba amakhulu kagesi elanga. Njengoba iyindawo eyomile, izifudumezi zamanzi elanga, izibani zelanga zingaba izinsiza ezibalulekile zokuzikhuthaza. 9. Yakha ubambiswano: Sungula ukuxhumana namabhizinisi endawo, izinhlangano, nezinhlangano zohwebo ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. Hlanganyela ukuze uthole imininingwane ngezidingo zemakethe, izithiyo zokungena futhi uthole amathuba angaba khona. 10. Qinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuhambisana: Beka kuqala izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kugcinwe imikhiqizo yezinga eliphezulu ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthobela izimfuneko zomthetho zemithethonqubo yokuhweba kanye nezitifiketi. Khumbula ukuthi impumelelo yanoma imuphi umkhiqizo ezimakethe zangaphandle incike ocwaningweni olunzulu, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezimakethe zemakethe, kanye nokuba lula kokuthunga imikhiqizo ngokuya ngezidingo zabathengi eziguqukayo.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
Izici zekhasimende lase-Eritrea: 1. Ukungenisa Izihambi: Abantu base-Eritrea baziwa ngomoya wabo wokungenisa izihambi ofudumele noweqiniso. Baphatha izivakashi ngenhlonipho enkulu kanye nokuthinta ngezandla zokwamukela, okwenza izivakashi zizizwe zisekhaya. 2. Ukuhlonipha abadala: Ngokwesiko lase-Eritrea, abadala banesikhundla esihlonishwayo futhi bahlonishwa kakhulu. Amakhasimende, ikakhulukazi izizukulwane ezincane, athambekele ekuboniseni ukuhlonipha abantu abadala ngenkathi exhumana nabo kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene. 3. Umuzwa oqinile womphakathi: Abantu base-Eritrea banomuzwa onamandla wokuba umphakathi futhi babeka phambili ukuzwana kweqembu kunezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Amakhasimende angase azazise izinqubo zomphakathi zokuthatha izinqumo kunezindlela zomuntu ngamunye uma kuziwa ekuthengeni noma ezingxoxweni zebhizinisi. 4. Isiko lokuxoxisana: Ukuxoxisana kuvamile ezimakethe nasemabhizinisini amancane e-Eritrea. Ukuxoxisana ngezintengo kulindelekile uma uthenga izimpahla noma amasevisi kubathengisi bendawo noma izingcweti. Kubalulekile ukuthi amakhasimende azibandakanye ezingxoxweni ezinobungani kuyilapho egcina isizotha. I-Taboos noma Ukuzwela Kwamasiko: 1.Ukuzwela ezinkolweni: Inkolo idlala indima ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu abaningi base-Eritrea, ngakho-ke umuntu kufanele akhulume ngokucophelela futhi ahloniphe noma yiziphi izinkolelo noma imikhuba ehlukene ahlangabezana nayo phakathi nokusebenzelana namakhasimende. 2.Izingxoxo zezombangazwe: Izihloko zezombangazwe zingaba bucayi ngenxa yezingxabano ezedlule, izindaba zamalungelo abantu, noma ezinye izingxabano ezihlobene phakathi komlando wezwe; ngakho-ke kungcono kakhulu ukugwema ukuhileleka ezingxoxweni ezinecala lezombusazwe ngaphandle kwalapho umenywe yikhasimende ngokwalo. 3. Ulimi lomzimba: Ukushukuma komzimba okuthile okungase kwamukeleke kwenye indawo kungase kubhekwe njengokucasulayo ngokwesiko lase-Eritrea—njengokukhomba umuntu othile ngokuqondile noma ukukhombisa amathe ezinyawo zakho kothile lapho uhlezi—ngakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela ulimi lomzimba. ngenkathi kwenziwa ukuthengiselana kwebhizinisi. 4.Izindima zobulili nokulingana: Izindima zobulili zendabuko zisekhona emphakathini; ngakho-ke, amakhasimende kufanele abonise ukuzwela ezindabeni eziphathelene nobulili ezifana nokubhekana neqhaza labesifazane phakathi kwezimo ezithile ngenhlonipho nokugwema ukuqagela okusekelwe emibonweni engaguquki emayelana nomsebenzi noma ukushintsha komndeni. Kutuswa ukuthi ukhulume namakhasimende ase-Eritrea ngokuzwela kwamasiko, ukuhlonipha amasiko endawo, nokuqonda izici zawo ezihlukile ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Eritrea iyizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Inohlelo olusungulwe kahle lwamasiko kanye nokuthuthela kwelinye izwe emingceleni yalo. Abaphathi bezwe bahlose ukulawula nokulawula ukuhamba kwezimpahla, abantu, nezimoto ukweqa imingcele yalo. Lapho ungena noma uphuma e-Eritrea, kunezinto ezithile ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule mayelana nemithetho yemithetho yamasiko: 1. Amadokhumenti Adingekayo: Abahambi kufanele babe nepasipoti esemthethweni esele okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha esemthethweni. Ngokuvamile i-visa iyadingeka ukuze ungene e-Eritrea, nakuba izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe zingase zikhululeke kule mfuneko. Kutuswa ukuthi uhlole nenxusa lase-Eritrea eliseduze noma inxusa ngaphambi kokuhamba. 2. Izinto Ezinqatshelwe: Izinto ezithile azivunyelwe ukungeniswa noma ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka e-Eritrea ngaphandle kwemvume yangaphambili, okuhlanganisa izibhamu, izidakamizwa, izinto ezingcolile zobulili, nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi. 3. Izibonelelo Zamahhala: Abahambi bavunyelwe ukuza nezinto zabo ukuze bazisebenzise ngaphandle kokutheliswa; nokho, kungase kube nemikhawulo enanini lezimpahla ezithile ezicatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu (isb., imikhiqizo kagwayi notshwala). 4. Memezela Impahla Eyigugu: Uma uphethe izinto ezibalulekile ezifana nezinto zikagesi ezibizayo noma ubucwebe lapho ungena e-Eritrea, kubalulekile ukuzimemezela ngokucacile kumasiko lapho ufika ukuze ugweme noma yikuphi ukungaqondi kahle kamuva. 5. Imithetho Yezimali: Kunemikhawulo yokuletha amanani amakhulu emali yangaphandle ezweni ngaphandle kwesimemezelo esifanele ngokomthetho wase-Eritrea. Kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze le mithethonqubo kusengaphambili. 6.Imikhawulo Yezinto Zobuciko Zamasiko: Ukuthumela izinto zobuciko zamasiko ezifana nokutholwe kwemivubukulo noma izinto ezibalulekile emlandweni ngaphandle kwemvume evela kuziphathimandla ezifanele kungaholela emiphumeleni yezomthetho ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea nakwamanye amazwe. 7.Hlonipha Amasiko Nemikhuba Yasendaweni: Lapho uxoxisana nezikhulu zezokuthutha noma abanye abantu bendawo ngenkathi use-Eritrea, kubalulekile ukubonisa inhlonipho ngesiko labo nokulandela imikhuba yendawo yokuziphatha. Le mihlahlandlela ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nesistimu yokuphathwa kwentela e-Eritrea. Abahambi kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi imithetho ingashintsha, futhi kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uxhumane nemithombo esemthethweni noma ufune isiqondiso kuziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kohambo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Eritrea, etholakala ku-Horn of Africa, inenqubomgomo ethile yentela yokungenisa ukuze ilawule ukungena kwezimpahla ezweni. Imisebenzi yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe ithweswa iziqu emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene evela kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni zasekhaya futhi kungenisele uhulumeni imali. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingeniswayo. Isibonelo, izidingo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokudla okuyisisekelo, imithi, nezinye izinto zokulima zinikezwa intela ephansi noma ekhululiwe yokungenisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyeleleka kwazo nokutholakala kwazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto zikanokusho njengezimoto, izinto zikagesi, nezimpahla ezithengwayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziheha izintela eziphezulu zokungenisa. Lezi zindleko eziphezulu zihlose ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezimpahla ezingabalulekile futhi zikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwendawo uma kungenzeka. Ukwengeza, i-Eritrea isebenzise izintela ezengeziwe emikhiqizweni ethile ethathwa njengeyingozi noma engeyona enobungane kwemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo kagwayi, iziphuzo ezidakayo kanye nezinto zokupakisha ezingaboli. Inhloso akukhona nje ukukhiqiza imali eyengeziwe kodwa futhi ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kuyilapho kuvikela imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Eritrea ngezikhathi ezithile ilungisa amanani ayo entela yokungenisa impahla ngokususelwe ekucatshangelweni kwezomnotho nezingxoxo zokuhwebelana namanye amazwe noma izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-World Trade Organization (WTO). Lokhu kulungiswa kungabandakanya ukuncishiswa kwezintengo zezigaba ezithile zokungenisa ezweni noma ukukhululwa kwesikhashana phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo noma izimo ezibucayi. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi izimfuneko zamadokhumenti njengezimemezelo zentela kanye nama-invoyisi afanele ziyadingeka kukho konke ukungenisa okungenayo okungenayo e-Eritrea. Ukungathobeli le mithetho kungaholela ekujezisweni noma ekuthathweni kwempahla yiziphathimandla zentela. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yase-Eritrea ihlose ukuvikela izimboni ezibalulekile ngokubeka amanani entengo ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ezigabeni zomkhiqizo. Ukwengeza, ihlose ukukhiqiza imali yokuthuthukisa izwe ngenkathi ikhuthaza izinqubo zokusebenzisa kahle ngokuhambisana nezinjongo zokusimama kwemvelo.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Eritrea, izwe elise-Horn of Africa, inomgomo ophelele wentela yokuthumela impahla ngaphandle. Isizwe sikhokhisa izintela ezithile ezimpahleni zaso ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezihlukahlukene njengohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nenani lawo. Inqubomgomo ye-Eritrea yentela yokuthekelisa ngaphandle ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho nentuthuko ngokungenisa imali kuhulumeni kuyilapho ivikela nezimboni zasekhaya. Izwe libeka imisebenzi yokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yemvelo, emikhiqizweni yezolimo, nasezimpahleni ezikhiqiziwe. Izilinganiso zentela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi impahla ethile ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Eritrea isebenzisa amanani entela ahlukene ezintweni ezinjengamaminerali (okuhlanganisa igolide nethusi), imikhiqizo yemfuyo (njengezikhumba nezikhumba), ikhofi, izindwangu, ukudla okugayiwe, amathuluzi emishini, amakhemikhali, nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Eritrea ikhuthaza imisebenzi yokwengeza inani ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. Ngakho-ke, ingase inikeze imisebenzi ephansi noma engabizi nhlobo yokuthekelisa imikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe noma eguquliwe eye yabhekana nezinqubo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ezweni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela le mithetho kanye nezimfuneko zentela ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, abantu abanentshisekelo kufanele bamemezele izimpahla zabo ngokunembile ezindaweni zokuhlola intela. Abathumeli bangaphandle kudingeka banikeze imibhalo edingekayo ehlanganisa ama-invoyisi ezentengiselwano anemininingwane yezincazelo zomkhiqizo kanye nezimvume ezivumelekile uma zikhona. Inqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa ye-Eritrea ihlose ukulinganisa phakathi kokuthuthukisa ukukhula komnotho ngokuthumela impahla ngaphandle kuyilapho ivikela izimboni zasekhaya. Ngokubeka izintela ezimpahleni ezithile ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwazo kanye nezilinganiso zokwengezwa kwenani ngaphakathi kwemingcele yase-Eritrea kukhuthazwa kakhulu. Lolu lwazi lunikeza umbono wezinqubomgomo ze-Eritrea zentela yokuthekelisa ngaphandle; nokho ulwazi oluningiliziwe lungatholwa emithonjeni kahulumeni efanele noma izinhlangano zohwebo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokuthekelisa ne-Eritrea.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Eritrea iyizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Ithole inkululeko ku-Ethiopia ngo-1993 kanti selokhu yagxila ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wayo ngezimboni ezahlukene. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuba semthethweni kwemikhiqizo yayo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-Eritrea isungule inqubo yesitifiketi sokuthekelisa. Isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Eritrea sibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, abathumeli bangaphandle badinga ukubhalisa ibhizinisi labo kuma-ejensi kahulumeni afanelekile, njengoMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni. Lokhu kubhaliswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi elithumelayo laziwa ngokusemthethweni futhi lihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo. Okwesibili, abathumeli bangaphandle kumele bathole izimvume ezithile noma amalayisense okuthumela imikhiqizo ethile. Lezi zimvume ziyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, njengomkhiqizo wezolimo noma impahla ekhiqiziwe. Umnyango Wezolimo ungakhipha izitifiketi zokuthunyelwa kwezolimo ngaphandle, kuyilapho ezinye izinkonzo noma izindikimba ezilawulayo zengamele izitifiketi zemikhakha eyahlukene. Okwesithathu, abathumeli bangaphandle kumele bahambisane namazinga nemithetho yekhwalithi yomhlaba wonke ukuze bathole isitifiketi sokuthekelisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha, ilebula efanele nokupakishwa kwayo, futhi ihlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimfuneko ezithile ezibekwe amazwe angenisayo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinyathelo, abathumeli bangaphandle base-Eritrea bangase futhi badinge ukuhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti ahlobene nokugunyazwa kwentela kanye nokuthengiselana kwezezimali phakathi nenqubo yokuthekelisa. La maphepha asiza ukulandelela ukuthunyelwa kanye nokubeka izinto obala emisebenzini yohwebo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathekelisi base-Eritrea bazijwayeze nezidingo ezithile zemakethe ngayinye eqondiwe abafisa ukuthumela kuyo. Amazwe ahlukene anemithethonqubo ehlukene mayelana nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, njengezinyathelo zenhlanzeko noma amanani entela. Abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele bazi ngalezi zidingo ngaphambi kokuthumela imikhiqizo yabo phesheya. Sekukonke, ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Eritrea kuhilela ukubhalisa ibhizinisi lakho neziphathimandla ezifanele, ukuthola izimvume/amalayisensi aqondene nomkhiqizo uma kudingwa ngokomthetho noma ngokomthetho; ukuthobela izindinganiso zekhwalithi zamazwe ngamazwe; ukuhlinzeka ngemibhalo edingekayo ukuze kukhishwe intela; ukuqonda imithetho yemakethe eqondiwe; ukuqinisekisa ukuba sobala kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthekelisa
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Eritrea, elisophondweni lwe-Afrika, iyizwe elaziwa ngendawo yalo yamasu ngasogwini loLwandle Olubomvu. Eminyakeni yakamuva, i-Eritrea ibilokhu yenza imizamo ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yayo yezokuthutha ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho. Nazi ezinye izincomo zamasevisi e-Logistics e-Eritrea: 1. Ichweba laseMassawa: Ichweba laseMassawa liyichweba elikhulu nelibaluleke kakhulu e-Eritrea. Isebenza njengesango lokungenisa kanye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Eritrea kuphela kodwa nasemazweni angomakhelwane avinjwe amazwe afana ne-Ethiopia neSudan. Ichweba lihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengokuphatha amakhonteyina, izindawo zokugcinwa kwempahla, ukukhishwa kwempahla, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemikhumbi. 2. I-Asmara International Airport: I-Asmara International Airport iyisikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu e-Eritrea esisingatha izindiza zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Idlala indima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza ezweni futhi yenza kube lula ukuxhumana nezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngengqalasizinda yesimanje kanye nekhono lokuphatha impahla elithuthukile, lesi sikhumulo sezindiza sihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezithembekile zezokuthutha. 3. Uxhaxha Lwemigwaqo: Uxhaxha lwemigwaqo e-Eritrea luye lwaba ngcono kakhulu phakathi neminyaka edlule ngamaphrojekthi entuthuko aqhubekayo okuhloswe ngawo ukuxhuma izifunda ezihlukahlukene ezweni ngendlela efanele. Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emisha kuthuthukise ukufinyeleleka ezindaweni ezikude lapho izinto zokuhamba zaziyinselele phambilini. 4. Olayini Bemikhumbi: Imigqa yemikhumbi ehlukahlukene isebenzisa imizila evamile eya emachwebeni ase-Eritrea kusukela ezindaweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Europe, Asia, kanye ne-Middle East. Abathwali abakhulu emhlabeni jikelele bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuthumela amabhokisi kokubili kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe e-Eritrea kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusuka kuyo. 5.Izindawo Zokugcinwa Kwempahla: Izinkampani ezimbalwa ezizimele zihlinzeka ngezindawo zokugcina izimpahla kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu njenge-Asmara noma i-Massawa enikeza izinketho ezivikelekile zesitoreji sezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla okuhlanganisa nezinto ezibolayo. I-6.Ama-ejenti Wokuhlanjululwa Kwamasiko:Imithetho yamasiko yase-Eritrea ingaba yinkimbinkimbi; ngakho-ke ukuqasha i-ejenti ethembekile yokugunyazwa kwempahla engenayo kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni izinqubo ezishelelayo zokungena noma zokuphuma emachwebeni noma ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Uzosiza abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe/abathekelisa ngezidingo zemibhalo, ukuhlukaniswa kwentela, kanye nokugunyazwa ngokushesha kwempahla. 7.Ezokuthutha Zasendaweni: Izinkampani ezihlukene zezokuthutha zihlinzeka ngezinsiza zokuthutha zangaphakathi nezwe ukuze zithuthe imithwalo isuka emachwebeni iyise endaweni yokugcina engaphakathi kwe-Eritrea noma iye emazweni angomakhelwane.Ukufinyeleleka kwezokuthutha emgwaqeni kwenziwa kube lula ngamaphrojekthi akhulayo okwandisa inethiwekhi. 8.Abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe: Abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe basiza ekulawuleni inqubo yokuthumela impahla ngokuxhumanisa ukuthunyelwa, ukuhlela izixazululo zezinto zokuthutha ezihlukene, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yempahla ethunyelwayo. Sengiphetha, i-Eritrea ibilokhu itshala imali engqalasizinda yayo yezokuthutha ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ezweni lonke kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana namanye amazwe. Ichweba laseMassawa, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Asmara, kanye noxhaxha lwemigwaqo oluxhumeke kahle kuyimpahla ebalulekile enomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwempahla. . Ukwengeza, ukutholakala kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla, ama-ejenti akhipha intela, abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe, nabahlinzeki besevisi yezokuthutha bendawo abathembekile kuqhubezela phambili ukuthuthukisa amakhono e-Eritrea okusebenza.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Eritrea iyizwe elincane elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, inemigudu eminingana ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemibukiso yezohwebo. 1. I-Asmara International Trade Fair: Lo mcimbi waminyaka yonke ubanjelwa e-Asmara, inhloko-dolobha yase-Eritrea. Ihlanganisa ndawonye amabhizinisi asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe ukuze abonise imikhiqizo namasevisi awo. Lo mbukiso wezohwebo uheha abathengi abavela ezimbonini ezehlukene okubalwa ezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, ezokwakha nezobuchwepheshe. 2. I-Eritrea-Ethiopia Trade Corridor: Ngemva kwesivumelwano sokuthula sakamuva phakathi kwe-Eritrea ne-Ethiopia, sekusungulwe umhubhe wokuhwebelana phakathi kwalawa mazwe womabili. Lokhu kunikeza isiteshi esibalulekile ukuze abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bafinyelele izimpahla ezivela kuwo womabili la mazwe. 3. Ichweba lase-Assab: Ichweba lase-Assab lingelinye lamachweba amakhulu e-Eritrea elidlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Isebenza njengendawo yokungena yezimpahla ezingena noma eziphuma ezweni. Abathengi abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe basebenzisa leli chweba ukungenisa imikhiqizo efana nemishini, izimoto, izinto zikagesi, izinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. 4.Izindawo Ezikhululekile Zomnotho: I-Eritrea iqoke izindawo ezikhululekile zomnotho ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Ihlinzeka ngezimo ezivumayo zemisebenzi yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. 5. Ukubambisana Ngezinto Zokuthekelisa: I-Eritrea isungule ubudlelwano namazwe angomakhelwane njengeSudan lapho kuye kwenziwa imizamo ehlanganyelwe ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwemingcele. Ngamalungiselelo entela akhethekile, abathengi bangafinyelela izimpahla ngamanani ancishisiwe, okwenza kukhange kubo ukuthola imikhiqizo ngokusebenzisa lobu budlelwano. 6.Ukuthuthukiswa Kwebhizinisi Lezolimo: EzoLimo zidlala indima enkulu emnothweni wase-Eritrea. Izinhlelo zokusungulwa kwezimboni eziqhutshwa ezolimo zihlose ukuthuthukisa imikhakha yebhizinisi lezolimo njengokucubungula ukudla, ukumba uwoyela, ukukhiqizwa kukakotini njll. kuyindlela engaba khona yezivumelwano zokuthenga 7. Umkhakha Wezimayini: I-Eritrea inothile ngezimbiwa phansi ezifana negolide, ithusi, i-zinc, kanye ne-potash. Lokhu kuholele ekutshalweni kwezimali emkhakheni wezimayini okuholela emathubeni kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathanda ukuthenga izimbiwa ezingavuthiwe noma ukutshala izimali emisebenzini yezimayini. 8.Imboni Yokukhiqiza Indwangu: Imboni yezindwangu yase-Eritrea ibilokhu ikhula kancane, idonsa ukunaka kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Uhulumeni uyakweseka ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwendwangu ngokunikeza izikhuthazo nokusungula amapaki ezimboni. Abathengi bangathola izingubo esezilungile, izindwangu, nezindwangu kulo mkhakha. 9.Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengqalasizinda: I-Eritrea ibitshala imali eningi kumaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu, amaphrojekthi kagesi njengamadamu nezizinda zokuphehla ugesi. Amathuba avela kule miklamo aheha izinkampani zokwakha zamazwe ngamazwe nabahlinzeki bemishini, izinto zokusebenza, ifenisha njll. Sengiphetha, i-Eritrea inikezela ngemigudu ehlukahlukene ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa imibukiso yezohwebo, ukufinyelela echwebeni, kanye nokusebenzisana.
Kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Eritrea. Nalu uhlu lwabanye babo nama-URL ewebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing iyinjini yokusesha edumile ehlinzeka ngosesho lwewebhu, ukusesha izithombe, ukusesha amavidiyo, ukusesha izindaba, nokunye. Inikeza imiphumela eyenziwe yaba eyasendaweni ngokusekelwe endaweni yomsebenzisi. 2. I-Yandex (www.yandex.com): I-Yandex enye injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Eritrea. Inikeza ukusesha kwewebhu, izithombe, amavidiyo, amamephu, izindatshana zezindaba, namanye amasevisi. 3. I-Google (www.google.com): Nakuba i-Google ingase ingasasetshenziswa njenge-Bing noma i-Yandex e-Eritrea ngenxa yokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwe-inthanethi kubantu abaningi ezweni, isalokhu iyinketho edumile kubasebenzisi abaningi abafuna ulwazi olujwayelekile. . 4. I-Sogou (www.sogou.com): I-Sogou iyinjini yokusesha esekelwe e-China ehlinzeka ngosesho lwewebhu nezinye izinkonzo njengezithombe nezindatshana zezindaba. 5. I-DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo yaziwa ngendlela yayo egxile kubumfihlo ekusesheni iwebhu. Ayilandeleli noma igcine imininingwane yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi noma imikhuba yokuphequlula. 6. I-Yahoo Search (search.yahoo.com): I-Yahoo Search inikeza izici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukusesha kwewebhu kusetshenziswa i-algorithm ye-Yahoo kanye nezihloko zezindaba, ukusesha izithombe, ukusesha kwamavidiyo emithonjeni eminingi. 7: I-Startpage (startpage.com): I-Startpage ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nobumfihlo be-inthanethi obuthuthukisiwe ngokusebenza njengomxhumanisi phakathi komsebenzisi namawebhusayithi abawavakashelayo ngenkathi benza ukusesha ngokungaziwa ngamaseva abo ababamba. 8: Qwant (qwant.com/en/): I-Qwant iyinjini yokusesha egxile kubumfihlo esekelwe e-Europe ebeka phambili ubumfihlo babasebenzisi ngenkathi inikeza imiphumela yewebhu kanye nosesho lwezithombe nezindaba.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

I-Eritrea iyizwe elisophondweni lwe-Afrika, elisemngceleni weSudan, Ethiopia, kanye ne-Djibouti. Yize ingelinye lamazwe amancane kakhulu e-Afrika, inomlando ocebile namasiko ahlukahlukene. Uma ufuna amakhasi aphuzi abalulekile e-Eritrea, nazi izinketho ezimbalwa ngamawebhusayithi azo afanele: 1. I-Eritrean Yellow Pages (www.er.yellowpages.net): Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi luhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi, amasevisi, nezinhlangano kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukahlukene e-Eritrea. Ihlanganisa izigaba ezinjengamahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, ukuqashwa kwezimoto, amabhange, izibhedlela, izikhungo zemfundo, nokuningi. 2. I-Ethiopian Airlines - Ihhovisi lase-Asmara (www.ethiopianairlines.com): I-Ethiopian Airlines ingenye yezindiza ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenzela i-Eritrea. Ihhovisi labo lendawo linikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana yokubhuka izindiza noma yimiphi imibuzo ehlobene ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. 3. Ihhotela i-Sheraton Asmara +251 29 1121200 (www.marriott.com/asmse): Ihhotela i-Sheraton Asmara ihhotela eliyisakhiwo sodumo enhloko-dolobha elibhekelela abavakashi bebhizinisi nezokungcebeleka abahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala ephambili nezinsizakusebenza. 4. Ibhange lase-Eritrea (+291 1 182560 / www.bankoferitrea.org): Ibhange elikhulu lase-Eritrea lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni izinqubomgomo zezimali zezwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezezimali ngaphakathi komkhakha wamabhange. 5. I-Massawa Port Authority +291 7 1162774: Ichweba laseMassawa liyisango elibalulekile lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle e-Eritrea. Ukuxhumana neziphathimandla zabo kungakunikeza ulwazi olufanele mayelana namasevisi okuthumela imikhumbi noma okunye okukukhathazayo mayelana nokuhanjiswa. 6. I-Asmara Brewery Ltd (+291 7 1190613 / www.asmarabrewery.com): I-Asmara Brewery ikhiqiza uphuzo oludakayo oludumile ezweni futhi ingafinyelelwa ukuze uthole imibuzo mayelana nemikhiqizo yayo noma iziteshi zokusabalalisa. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokunemba kolwazi kungase kwehluke, ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlole kabili amawebhusayithi noma uxhumane nawo ngokuqondile ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva kakhulu.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

Kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce e-Eritrea: 1. I-Shoptse: I-Shoptse ingenye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili ze-e-commerce e-Eritrea. Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi, izingubo zokugqoka, izinto zasendlini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi yakwaShoptse ithi www.shoptse.er. 2. U-Zaky: I-Zaky enye inkundla ye-e-commerce edumile e-Eritrea. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene efana nezinto zemfashini, izesekeli, imikhiqizo yobuhle, nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.zaky.er. 3. I-MekoradOnline: I-MekoradOnline iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi enikezela ngeqoqo elihlukahlukene lezimpahla kusukela kogesi kuya kufenisha kuya kwigilosa nokunye. Ungathola iwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi www.mekoradonline.er. 4. I-Asmara Online Shop: I-Asmara Online Shop iyinkundla ye-e-commerce ebhekelela ngokuyinhloko izakhamuzi zedolobha lase-Asmara e-Eritrea kodwa futhi isiza amakhasimende ezweni lonke. Banikela ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene njengezingubo, izesekeli, izincwadi, nezinto zokuhlobisa ekhaya. Isizindalwazi sabo siyatholakala ku-www.asmaraonlineshop.er. 5. I-Qemer Shopping Center: I-Qemer Shopping Center iyisitolo esiku-inthanethi esihlinzeka ngokukhethwa okukhulu kwezimpahla ezithengwayo ezifana nezinto zikagesi, i-kitchenware, izingubo zokugqoka, amathoyizi, nokunye okwengeziwe e-Eritrea. Hlola iminikelo yabo kuwebhusayithi yabo ethi www.qemershoppingcenter.er. Lawa amanye amapulatifomu e-e-commerce avelele asebenza e-Eritrea lapho ungathola khona izimpahla ezihlukahlukene kalula ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lokuthenga ku-inthanethi.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

E-Eritrea, izwe eliseMpumalanga Afrika, kunomkhawulo wokufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngenxa yemikhawulo kahulumeni ekusetshenzisweni kwe-inthanethi. Uhulumeni ulawula ngokuqinile imisebenzi ye-inthanethi futhi ubeke imithetho eqinile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana. Ngenxa yalokho, kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa kuphela ezinkundla zokuxhumana asemthethweni atholakala ezweni: 1. I-Shaebia: Kuyingosi yezindaba ephethwe uhulumeni wase-Eritrea esebenza njengenkundla yokwabelana ngezindaba ezisemthethweni nolwazi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.shaebia.org 2. I-Haddas Eritra: Iphephandaba lansuku zonke elingaphansi kukahulumeni elihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ezindabeni zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe, ezombusazwe, ezemidlalo, amasiko, nokunye.Kungase kube khona okusebenzayo kuka-Haddas Eritra ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-Facebook noma i-Twitter. 3. Shabait.com: Enye iwebhusayithi elawulwa uhulumeni eshicilela izindaba ezihlobene nezombusazwe, ezomnotho, umphakathi, amasiko kanye nezokuzijabulisa ngezilimi eziningi ezihlanganisa isiNgisi nesiTigrinya. 4. I-Madote.com: Le nkundla ye-inthanethi ezimele inikeza izihloko ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izihloko ezifana nezindaba zamanje, imibuzo yolwazi olujwayelekile nezimpendulo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nesayensi nobuchwepheshe njll., izindaba zamalungelo abantu njll. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi asemthethweni awazona izinkundla zokuxhumana ezivamile lapho abasebenzisi bengaxhumana khona ngokukhululekile kodwa kunalokho banikeze ukufinyelela okulawulwayo olwazini oluthile olugunyazwe uhulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ku-inthanethi kanye nezinqubomgomo eziqinile zokucwaninga ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea; amawebhusayithi enkundla yezokuxhumana adumile emhlabeni jikelele njenge-Facebook*, Instagram*, Twitter* noma i-YouTube* kungenzeka angafinyeleleki kalula kubantu abahlala ezweni. (*Qaphela: Lezi zibonelo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke zishiwo ngokusekelwe ekudumeni kwazo emhlabeni wonke kodwa zihlole kabili ukuthi ziyafinyeleleka yini ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea.) Kuhle ukusho ukuthi lolu lwazi lungase lungathwebuli ngokugcwele intuthuko yakamuva nanoma yiziphi izinkundla ezintsha ezethulwe e-Eritrea njengoba imithetho ye-inthanethi ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nokutholakala kwenkundla yezokuxhumana ezweni ngokwalo noma ezinye izinkundla ezingase zibe khona eziqondene ne-Eritrea, kungakuhle ukuthi uthintane nemithombo yendawo noma abantu abajwayelene nesimo samanje.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Eritrea, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-State of Eritrea, iyizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Naphezu kokuba izwe elincane uma kuqhathaniswa, linezinhlangano eziningana eziphawulekayo zezimboni nezinhlangano ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwaso komnotho. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni e-Eritrea: 1. I-Eritrean Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ECCI) - I-ECCI idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni uhwebo nohwebo ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. Isiza amabhizinisi ngokuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana, izinsizakalo zokusekela amabhizinisi, kanye nokugqugquzela ubudlelwano nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ithi: http://www.eritreachamber.org/ 2. Inhlangano Yezimayini Kazwelonke Yase-Eritrea (ENAMCO) - Njengoba izimayini zingomunye wemikhakha ebalulekile emnothweni wase-Eritrea, i-ENAMCO imele izintshisekelo zezinkampani zezimayini ezisebenza ngamathini, ithusi, i-zinc, igolide, isiliva, nezinye izimbiwa. Basebenzela ukuheha abatshalizimali kanye nokuqinisekisa intuthuko esimeme kule mboni. 3. I-Agricultural Products Processing Association (APPA) - Uma kubhekwa umnotho wayo wezolimo kakhulu, i-APPA ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingcono zezolimo nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokucubungula izitshalo ezifana namabele, amabele, ukolweni, ummbila, ibhali njll. 4. I-Tourism Services Association (TSA)- Ukukhuthaza ezokuvakasha sekubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komnotho wase-Eritrea; I-TSA isekela abaqhubi bezokuvakasha ngokusungula izindinganiso zekhwalithi ezinikeza izivakashi ulwazi lwangempela kuyilapho ilondoloza amasayithi amagugu amasiko afana nezakhiwo ezihlukile ze-Asmara noma izakhiwo zomlando zaseMassawa. 5.Inhlangano Yosonkontileka Bokwakha-Isungulwe ukwengamela imisebenzi yokwakha emikhakheni eyahlukene kusukela kumaphrojekthi wezindlu kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda. 6.EITC(I-Eritrean Information & Communication Technology)- Igxile ezimbonini ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe bolwazi njengokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe nezinsizakalo ze-ICT kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukufakwa kwedijithali ezweni lonke. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zinhlangano ziyizibonelo ezisekelwe olwazini olukhona ngesikhathi sokubhala; kungase kube nezinye izinhlangano zezimboni ezikhethekile kakhulu e-Eritrea ezibhekelela imikhakha ethile. Ukwengeza, amanye amawebhusayithi kungenzeka angatholakali noma kungenzeka ashintshile esikhathini esizayo, ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi useshe ulwazi lwakamuva kakhulu usebenzisa izinjini zokusesha.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene ne-Eritrea. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. Umnyango Wolwazi: Le webhusayithi inikeza ulwazi ngemikhakha ehlukahlukene yomnotho wase-Eritrea, njengezolimo, izimayini, ezokuvakasha, namathuba okutshala imali. Iphinde ibe nezibuyekezo zezindaba nokushicilelwe okusemthethweni. Iwebhusayithi http://www.shabait.com/ 2. I-Eritrean Investment Promotion Center (EIPC): Njengesikhungo sikazwelonke esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe e-Eritrea, iwebhusayithi ye-EIPC inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nesimo sokutshalwa kwezimali, izinqubomgomo, izinxephezelo, namathuba ephrojekthi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.eipce.org/ 3. Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Lezibalo (i-NSO): Isizindalwazi se-NSO sisebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sedatha yezomnotho nezibalo eziphathelene nemikhakha eyahlukene efana nezolimo, izimboni, ibhalansi yohwebo, amanani okuqashwa, amazinga okwehla kwamandla emali, kanye nemibiko yokubalwa kwabantu. Iwebhusayithi: https://eritreadata.org.er/ 4. I-Chamber of Commerce & Industry e-Eritrea (CCIE): Le nkundla inikeza ukufinyelela ohlwini lwemibhalo yebhizinisi yamabhizinisi endawo kanye nolwazi olumayelana nezinzuzo zobulungu ezihlinzekwa yi-CCIE. Iphinde inikeze amathuba okuxhumana kosomabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi http://cciepro.adsite.com.er/ 5. I-Port Administration Authority (PAA): Isizindalwazi se-PAA siyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sabahwebi nabatshalizimali abanentshisekelo yokuhlola izinketho zokuthutha zasolwandle e-Eritrea. Ulwazi ngezinsiza zengqalasizinda yamachweba njengeMassawa Port ingafinyelelwa lapha. Iwebhusayithi: https://asc-er.com.er/port-authorities.php Khumbula ukuthi ngenkathi lawa mawebhusayithi ehlinzeka ngolwazi oluwusizo mayelana nesimo somnotho e-Eritrea; ukuthintana neziphathimandla zikahulumeni ezifanele noma ama-ejensi ngokuqondile kunganikeza imininingwane yakamuva kunoma yiziphi izimfuneko ezithile noma imithethonqubo ehlobene nokuhweba noma ukutshalwa kwezimali. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yemvelo eguquguqukayo yezinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezibalwe ngenhla; kuyalulekwa ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwazo kwamanje ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa lapho ungathola khona idatha yokuhweba ye-Eritrea. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. I-United Nations Comtrade: Lena isizindalwazi sohwebo samazwe ngamazwe esinakekelwa yi-United Nations Statistics Division. Ungasesha idatha yokuhweba yase-Eritrea ngokukhetha izwe neminyaka oyifunayo yedatha. Iwebhusayithi ithi: https://comtrade.un.org/ 2. Idatha Yebhange Lomhlaba: IBhange Lomhlaba linikeza ukufinyelela ezinkomba zezomnotho ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa idatha yokuhweba yezwe ngalinye. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo futhi useshe imininingwane yezohwebo yase-Eritrea usebenzisa isizindalwazi sabo. Isizindalwazi sithi: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/trade-statistics 3. I-International Trade Center (ITC): I-ITC, i-ejensi ehlanganyelwe yeNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba kanye neNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, inikeza izibalo zohwebo eziphelele ezihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise ne-Eritrea. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi: https://www.intracen.org/ 4. I-Trade Economics: I-Trade Economics inikeza izinkomba zezomnotho kanye nedatha yokuhweba yomlando yamazwe omhlaba wonke, kuhlanganise ne-Eritrea. Ungangena kusizindalwazi sabo kokuthi: https://tradingeconomics.com/ Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokunemba kwedatha yezohwebo kungase kwehluke kuzo zonke lezi zinkundla njengoba kuncike emithonjeni esemthethweni ebika kulezi zinhlangano noma ohulumeni abashicilela ulwazi olunjalo ngokuqondile kumawebhusayithi wabo kazwelonke.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Eritrea, etholakala oPhondweni Lwe-Afrika, iyizwe elincane elinabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-3.5. Nakuba ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwe-inthanethi nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, zisekhona izinkundla ze-B2B ezitholakalayo zamabhizinisi ase-Eritrea. 1. Imakethe Yase-Afrika (www.africanmarket.com.er): Le nkundla ihlose ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana ngaphakathi kwe-Afrika ngokuxhumanisa amabhizinisi emikhakheni eyahlukene. Amabhizinisi ase-Eritrea angafaka ohlwini imikhiqizo noma amasevisi awo kule nkundla futhi axhumane nabathengi abangaba nabalingani bakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika. 2. I-Ethiopia-European Business Association (www.eeba.org.er): Nakuba le nhlangano igxile kakhulu ekukhuthazeni uhwebo phakathi kwe-Ethiopia ne-Europe, futhi inikeza amathuba kumabhizinisi ase-Eritrea ukukhombisa imikhiqizo namasevisi awo kubabukeli bamazwe ngamazwe ngobubanzi. 3. I-GlobalTrade.net: Le nkundla ye-inthanethi isebenza njengendawo yemakethe ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Amabhizinisi ase-Eritrea angabhalisa kule nkundla, enze amaphrofayili nohlu lwemikhiqizo ukuze ahehe abangaba abathengi abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. 4. I-Tradeford.com: I-TradeFord enye indawo yemakethe ye-B2B yomhlaba wonke evumela izinkampani emhlabeni wonke ukuthi zixhumane, zihwebe ngemikhiqizo namasevisi, futhi zithole abahlinzeki noma abakhiqizi ezimbonini ezithile. Amabhizinisi ase-Eritrea angasebenzisa le nkundla ukuze andise ukufinyelela kwawo ngale kwemingcele kazwelonke. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yemikhawulo efana nezinkinga zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi nezingqinamba zezomnotho amabhizinisi amaningi e-Eritrea abhekene nazo, ukutholakala kwamapulatifomu e-B2B azinikele kungase kukhawulwe uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe aneminotho ethuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkundla zihlinzeka ngamathuba kumabhizinisi endawo ukuthi ahlole ubudlelwano bebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe naphezu kwalezi zinselele.
//