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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Australia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Commonwealth yase-Australia, iyizwe elikhulu elitholakala eningizimu nenkabazwe. Liyizwe lesithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngenani eliphelele, elithatha cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-7.7. I-Australia idume ngokuhlukahluka kwayo kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezindawo ezimangalisayo. Ihlanganisa i-ecosystem ehlukahlukene kusukela ku-Great Barrier Reef, enye yezimangaliso zemvelo ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni, kuya ezingwadule ezifana ne-The Outback, ehlanganisa ingxenye ebalulekile yengaphakathi lezwekazi. Isizwe sinabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-25. Inhloko-dolobha yayo iCanberra, kodwa iSydney iyidolobha layo elikhulu nelinabantu abaningi. IsiNgisi siwulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa kulo lonke elase-Australia. I-Australia inezinga eliphezulu lokuphila futhi isezingeni eliphezulu kuma-indices ahlukahlukene omhlaba njengekhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, amandla esistimu yezemfundo, kanye nenkululeko yezomnotho. Umnotho wayo uthuthuke kahle njengoba kunemikhakha eqinile efana neyezimayini (amalahle nensimbi), ezolimo (ukolweni noboya), ezokukhiqiza (izimoto nemishini), ezokuvakasha (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimpawu zomhlaba eziyizimpawu ezifana ne-Ayers Rock noma i-Uluru), kanye nomkhakha wezinsizakalo. esekela umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe okhulayo. Uhlelo lwezepolitiki e-Australia lusekelwe kuntando yeningi kanti iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II ihlonishwa njengeNdlovukazi yase-Australia. Uhulumeni usebenza ngaphansi kombuso wombuso wephalamende wephalamende noNdunankulu okhethiwe oholayo. Kunezifunda eziyisithupha - i-New South Wales, i-Victoria, i-Queensland, i-South Australia, i-Western Australia - kanye nezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu zezwekazi - i-Australian Capital Territory (ACT) lapho i-Canberra ilele khona kanye ne-Northern Territory- zonke zinohulumeni bazo abasebenza ndawonye ezindabeni zikazwelonke. Isiko lase-Australia linezimpande ezijulile zaboMdabu ezisukela eminyakeni eyi-60 lapho aboMdabu beqala ukuzinza kulo mhlaba; basaqhubeka nokubamba ukubaluleka kwamasiko okubalulekile namuhla kanye namaqembu abokufika akamuva avela emhlabeni wonke amise umphakathi wanamuhla wase-Australia ohlinzeka ngokuhlukahluka kokudla, umdanso, umculo, ezemidlalo phakathi kokunye. Sengiphetha, i-Australia ayigqami kuphela ngobuhle bayo bemvelo obumangalisayo kodwa nangenxa yomnotho wayo ochumayo, imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nomphakathi onempilo wamasiko ahlukahlukene okwenza kube indawo efiselekayo kukho kokubili ukuhamba nokuphila.
Imali Yezwe
Imali yase-Australia yidola lase-Australia (AUD). Ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Aussie" ezingxoxweni ezingakahleleki. Idola lase-Australia liwuhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni lwase-Australia nezindawo zakhona zangaphandle, futhi lisetshenziswa amazwe athile e-Pacific Island. Idola lase-Australia lihlukaniswe libe amasenti angu-100, izinhlamvu zemali ezitholakala ngamasenti angu-5, 10, 20, kanye no-50. Ama-banknotes akhishwa ngamahlelo ama-$5, ama-$10, ama-$20, ama-$50, nama-$100. I-Australia inohlelo lwesimanje lwezezimali olunomnotho ozinzile owenza kahle ezingeni lomhlaba. I-Reserve Bank yase-Australia (i-RBA) iyibhange elikhulu elinesibopho sokukhipha nokulawula idola lase-Australia. I-RBA idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukusimama kwamanani kanye nokuthuthukisa ukukhula komnotho. Amadola ase-Australia amukelwa kabanzi ngaphakathi kwezwe emisebenzini yansuku zonke njengokuthenga, ukuyodla, noma ukukhokha izikweletu. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba amakhadi esikweletu amakhulu njengeVisa noma i-Mastercard amukelwa ezindaweni eziningi okuhlanganisa amahhotela nezitolo ezinkulu; izikhungo ezincane noma izindawo zasemakhaya zingancamela ukukhokhelwa ngokheshi. Izinsizakalo zokushintshisana kwamanye amazwe zitholakala kalula kulo lonke elase-Australia ezikhumulweni zezindiza noma emabhange uma udinga ukuguqula imali yakho ibe yi-AUD. Ukwengeza, ama-ATM angatholakala kalula kuwo wonke amadolobha lapho ungakhipha khona ukheshi usebenzisa ikhadi lakho ledebhithi lamazwe ngamazwe/lesikweletu. Sekukonke, isimo semali yase-Australia sizungeza umnotho wayo ozinzile osekelwa amasistimu amabhange asebenzayo kanye nokutholakala okuqondile kwakho kokubili izinhlamvu zemali namanothi kuwo wonke amahlelo ahlukahlukene okwenza kube lula kubantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi ngokufanayo ukuphatha ukuthengiselana kwezimali ngempumelelo.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali yase-Australia esemthethweni yiDola lase-Australia (AUD). Izilinganiso zokushintshana ezilinganiselwe ze-AUD ngezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu zimi kanje: 1 AUD = 0.74 USD I-AUD eyi-1 = 0.60 EUR I-AUD engu-1 = 53.47 JPY I-AUD engu-1 = 0.51 GBP I-AUD engu-1 = 0.92 CAD Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso ziyinkomba futhi zingahluka kancane kuye ngezimo zemakethe nezinye izici ezithinta amazinga okushintshanisa ngemali yakwamanye amazwe.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Australia inamaholide amaningana abalulekile agujwa unyaka wonke. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu i-Australia Day, ewela ngoJanuwari 26. Ikhumbula ukufika kweFirst Fleet eSydney Cove ngo-1788 futhi iphawula ukuqala kokwenziwa kwamakoloni kwaseYurophu e-Australia. Lolu suku luvame ukuphawulwa ngemikhosi ehlukahlukene, efana nezoso inyama, amakhonsathi, ama-parade, nemibukiso yeziqhumane. Elinye iholide elibalulekile yi-Anzac Day ngo-Ephreli 25. Ihlonipha futhi ikhumbula bonke abantu base-Australia abakhonza futhi bafa ezingxabanweni zezempi kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe I. Izinkonzo zokusa, amamashi, nemikhosi yesikhumbuzo yenzeka ezweni lonke ukuhlonipha isibindi nokuzinikela kwabo. I-Easter futhi iholide elibalulekile eligujwa ezweni lonke. Kwenzeka phakathi kuka-March no-April unyaka ngamunye futhi kukhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu Kristu kwabafileyo ngemva kokubethelwa kwakhe. Abantu base-Australia ngokuvamile bajabulela impelasonto ende nemibuthano yomndeni, ukuzingelwa amaqanda kwezingane, izinkonzo zesonto, amadili, amapikiniki noma ama-BBQ. Ngokungeziwe kulawa maholidi kazwelonke, izwe ngalinye liphinde ligubhe amaholide aso omphakathi abambe ukubaluleka kwesifunda. Ezinye izibonelo uSuku Lwabasebenzi (ezifundeni ezihlukene ngezinsuku ezihlukene), Usuku Lokuzalwa Lwendlovukazi (UMsombuluko wesibili ngoJuni ngaphandle kwaseWestern Australia), Usuku LweNdebe ye-Adelaide (uMsombuluko wesibili ngoMashi), Usuku LweNdebe yaseMelbourne (ngoLwesibili wokuqala ngoNovemba), ukusho nje abambalwa. Sekukonke, le mikhosi ihlinzeka abantu base-Australia ngethuba lokuhlangana njengesizwe noma umphakathi ukuze bagubhe amasiko nezimiso zabo kuyilapho behlonipha izehlakalo zomlando noma abantu abalolonge ubunjalo bezwe labo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Australia ingumdlali ovelele emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iguquke yaba umnotho othuthuke kakhulu futhi odidiyelwe emhlabeni wonke, othembele kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze uphumelele. Izwe laziwa ngemithombo yalo ecebile yemithombo yemvelo njengamalahle, insimbi, igolide negesi yemvelo. Iphrofayili ye-Australia yokuthumela ngaphandle ilawulwa kakhulu yimpahla, ngamaminerali kanye namafutha akha ingxenye enkulu yokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Amalahle ayimpahla eyinhloko yase-Australia ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, elandelwa eduze yinsimbi negolide. Lezi zinsiza zidingeka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezivela e-China nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia abheke ukuphehla izimboni zabo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, izinsizakalo ziye zaba umkhakha obaluleke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwe-Australia. Izinsizakalo ezifana nezemfundo, ezokuvakasha, izinsizakalo zezezimali, nezinkonzo zobungcweti zifaka isandla kakhulu emalini engenayo yezwe evela kwezohwebo. Mayelana nozakwethu bokuhweba, i-China igqama njengozakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba wase-Australia kukho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kwalawa mazwe womabili bukhule kakhulu eminyakeni edlule ngenxa yesidingo esinamandla esivela eChina sezinsizakusebenza zase-Australia. Abanye ozakwethu ababalulekile bokuhweba bahlanganisa i-Japan (ikakhulukazi i-LNG), i-South Korea (indawo ebalulekile yezimbiwa phansi), i-India (ukuthunyelwa kwamalahle kwamanye amazwe), kanye ne-United States. Izivumelwano zokuhwebelana nalawa mazwe zenze kwaba lula ukufinyelela ezimakethe futhi kwaqinisa nobudlelwano bezomnotho. Njengomnotho ovulekile onomlando wokukhuthaza izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala (ama-FTA), i-Australia izimisele ngokufuna izimakethe ezintsha emhlabeni wonke ukuze ihlukanise isisekelo sayo sokuthekelisa. Iphothule ama-FTA ahlukahlukene nezizwe ezinjengeSingapore, Chile, I-China Amazwe ase-ASEAN, i-Japan, i-Korea, futhi isanda kusayina isivumelwano se-FTA ne-Indonesia - okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa amathuba okufinyelela ezimakethe. Sekukonke, i-Australia ijabulela ukuhwebelana okuhle ngenxa yezimboni ezinothile ngezinsiza eziqhuba izimali ezinkulu zokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe; Nokho, futhi ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe—ikakhulukazi imishini&EQs, izimpahla zabathengi, nezimoto—ukuze kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nezidingo zokukhiqiza.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Australia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Land Down Under, inamandla amakhulu okwandisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Leli zwe aligcini nje ngokuba namasu ngokwendawo kodwa futhi linomnotho oqinile futhi ozinzile, okulenza libe indawo ekhangayo emabhizinisini omhlaba. Okokuqala, i-Australia inemithombo yemvelo eningi njengamaminerali, izindawo zokugcina amandla, nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Lezi zinsiza bezilokhu zidingeka kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngamasu okuthengisa asebenzayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, amabhizinisi ase-Australia angasebenzisa lezi zinsiza ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Okwesibili, i-Australia igcina uhlaka lwezomthetho oluqinile oluqinisekisa izinqubo zokuhweba ezinobulungiswa futhi luvikele amalungelo empahla yengqondo. Lokhu kudala indawo yebhizinisi ekahle kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukungena emakethe yase-Australia noma ukusungula ubudlelwano nezinkampani zasendaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Australia isayine izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala (FTAs) eziningi namazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Lawa ma-FTA asiza ukuncishiswa kwentela noma ukuqedwa kokuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe phakathi kwamazwe ozakwethu. Isibonelo, i-China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (i-ChaFTA) ikukhulise kakhulu ukuhwebelana phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili kusukela ekuqalisweni kwaso ngo-2015. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba seduze kwe-Australia ne-Asia kuveza amathuba amakhulu mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla namasevisi ezimakethe ezikhula ngokushesha njenge-China ne-India. Izinga eliphakathi elikhulayo kule minotho yase-Asia lifuna imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu evela emikhakheni efana nezolimo, izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izinsiza zemfundo phakathi kwezinye i-Australia ehamba phambili kuyo. Ukwengeza, i-Australia inabasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu abanobuchwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izinsizakalo zezezimali, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ucwaningo lwesayensi okungenye impahla yokwandisa amathuba ayo ohwebo lwangaphandle. Nokho; kuyilapho ukuhlola izimakethe ezintsha phesheya kwezilwandle kunamandla amakhulu okukhula; izinkampani ezifuna ukunwebela emakethe yase-Australia zingase zibhekane nezinselele ezimbalwa ezinjengokwehluka kwamasiko kanye nezimfuneko eziqinile zokulawula ngaphakathi kwezimboni ezithile ezifana nokudla neziphuzo noma imithi yemithi ngenxa yezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinisiwe eziphoqelelwa iziphathimandla . Ekuphetheni; kucatshangelwa imithombo yayo yemvelo ecebile, indawo enamasu, uhlaka lwezomthetho olumiswe kahle, iphothifoliyo yamanje yama-FTA, ukuba seduze ne-Asia kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu; ngokungangabazeki i-Australia inamandla amakhulu okwandisa imakethe yayo yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze amathuba amahle kakhulu kumabhizinisi omhlaba ukuze zichume futhi ziphumelele kulesi simo somnotho esiguqukayo.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yohwebo lwangaphandle e-Australia, kunezici ezimbalwa okudingeka zibhekwe. I-Australia yaziwa ngezimakethe zayo ezihlukene kanye nokuthandwa kwabathengi okuhlukile, ngakho ukukhetha imikhiqizo efanele kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empumelelweni yebhizinisi lakho. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucwaninga nokuqonda izidingo nezintandokazi zekhasimende lase-Australia. Abantu base-Australia bagcizelela kakhulu ikhwalithi, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nokuqaphela impilo. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila emikhiqizweni ehlangabezana nalezi zindlela kungaba ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile. Isibonelo, ukudla okuphilayo neziphuzo noma izinketho zezingubo eziqinile ziya ngokuya zithandwa phakathi kwabathengi base-Australia. Ngaphandle kokucabangela okuthandwa ngamakhasimende, kubalulekile ukukhomba izitayela ezivelayo emakethe yase-Australia. Ukuhambisana namathrendi amanje kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele esidingweni esingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi sigcwale ukuncintisana. Hlala unolwazi mayelana namathrendi emfashini, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezweni. Ukwengeza, cabangela noma yimiphi imithethonqubo esemthethweni njengezitifiketi noma izimfuneko zokulebula eziqondene nezigaba ezithile zomkhiqizo e-Australia. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwale mithetho kuzovimbela noma yiziphi izithiyo lapho ungenisa impahla ezweni. Ucwaningo lwemakethe ludlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhetha umkhiqizo. Hlaziya idatha ehlobene nosayizi wemakethe, izibalo zezethameli eziqondiwe, ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangi njll., okuzohlinzeka ngemininingwane emathubeni angaba khona okungenisa inzuzo/ukuthengisa ngaphandle. Okokugcina, okubalulekile, ukusungula ubudlelwano nabasabalalisi bendawo noma abathengisi bezitolo kungasiza ekukhuliseni ukufinyelela kwakho futhi kusize ekukhetheni imikhiqizo esebenzayo yohwebo lwangaphandle e-Australia. Laba bozakwethu banemininingwane ebalulekile yamaphethini esidingo sasendaweni futhi bangakuqondisa ezintweni ezidingeka kakhulu. Sengiphetha, ukukhetha imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yohwebo lwangaphandle e-Australia kudinga ucwaningo olunzulu lokuthandwa ngamakhasimende, ukuqwashisa ngezitayela ezivelayo, ukubambelela emithethweni yomthetho, nokwakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo yokusabalalisa. Ngokucabangela lezi zici ngokucophelela, ungathuthukisa amathuba akho. yempumelelo lapho ungena emakethe yase-Australia.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
Izimpawu Zekhasimende e-Australia: I-Australia yaziwa ngenkonzo yayo yamakhasimende enobungane neyamukelayo. Abantu base-Australia bayakwazisa ukushesha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nenhlonipho uma kuziwa ekusebenzelaneni namakhasimende. Bajabulela indlela yomuntu siqu futhi balindele ukuthi amabhizinisi anikeze izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe. Abantu base-Australia ngokuvamile bakhululekile futhi abahlelekile. Bakhetha ithoni evamile ekuxhumaneni, ebonakala endleleni yabo yokukhuluma nokubhala ama-imeyili noma imilayezo. Ukugcina izingxoxo zilula nokugcina umuzwa wokuhlekisa kungasiza ukwakha ubuhlobo namakhasimende ase-Australia. Ubudlelwano bubalulekile kubantu base-Australia uma kuziwa ekusebenzelaneni kwebhizinisi. Ukwakha ukwethembana namakhasimende ngokuxhumana njalo nokufeza izithembiso kubalulekile. Abantu base-Australia bavame ukuba amakhasimende athembekile uma bezizwa behlonishwa yinkampani. I-Taboos yamakhasimende e-Australia: Kunokuziphatha okuthile amabhizinisi okufanele akugweme lapho esebenzisana namakhasimende ase-Australia: 1. Ukuba nomfutho kakhulu: Abantu base-Australia bakhetha indlela yokuthengisa ekhululeke kakhudlwana. Bangase bazizwe bengakhululekile uma abameleli bezokuthengisa bevela njengabanolaka ngokweqile noma abangazenzisi. 2. Ukuziba izidingo zekhasimende: Abakwa-Aussies bayakwazisa ukunakwa komuntu siqu okuvela emabhizinisini aqonda izidingo zawo ezithile noma okubakhathazayo. 3. Ukugcina isikhathi okungalungile: Njengabantu abakhathalela isikhathi, abantu base-Australia balindele ukugcina isikhathi ezinkampanini phakathi nama-aphoyintimenti noma ukulethwa kwesevisi. 4. Ukuntula obala: Ukungathembeki noma ukugodla ulwazi olubalulekile kungalimaza ukwethembana phakathi kwebhizinisi nekhasimende. 5.Ukuba semthethweni okweqile: Nakuba ukuba nesizotha kubalulekile, ulimi olusemthethweni noma izimiso eziqinile zingathathwa njengezingezona ezemvelo kumakhasimende ase-Australia. Ukuqonda lezi zici nokugwema lezi zinkolelo-ze kuzohamba ibanga elide ekusunguleni ubudlelwano obuqinile namakhasimende ase-Australia, kuqinisekise okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ezihilelekile.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Australia inohlelo oluqinile lokufika kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinqubo zamasiko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kwemingcele yayo. I-Australian Border Force (ABF) inesibopho sokuphatha nokuphoqelela le mithethonqubo. Lapho ungena e-Australia, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinqubo zamasiko ezilandelayo. Okokuqala, bonke abahambi kudingeka basho izinto ezithile lapho befika, njengokudla, impahla yezitshalo, izibhamu, nemithi. Ukwehluleka ukudalula lezi zinto kungaholela ezijezisweni noma izinhlawulo. Kuphinde kube nemikhawulo yokuletha izimpahla ezithile ezweni. Ngokwesibonelo, kunemingcele ekuletheni ugwayi nemikhiqizo kagwayi ukuze umuntu ayisebenzisele yona. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole iwebhusayithi ye-Australian Customs ukuze uthole uhlu oluphelele lwezinto ezikhawulelwe ngaphambi kokuhamba. Abagibeli bangase badinge ukuthi badlule ezinqubweni zokuhlola inkambiso ezikhumulweni zezindiza noma ezikhumulweni zasolwandle. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo kusetshenziswa imishini ye-X-ray noma ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngamaphoyisa mathupha. Ukwengeza, izivakashi zingase zibuzwe imibuzo mayelana nenjongo yazo yokuvakasha noma ubude besikhathi sokuhlala. Imithetho yase-Australia yokuhlukaniswa kwabantu iqinile ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhathazeka mayelana nokuvikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlukile ezweni. Abahambi kufanele baqaphele ukuletha noma iyiphi impahla yezitshalo (kuhlanganise nembewu), imikhiqizo yezilwane njengoboya noma izimpaphe, noma umkhiqizo omusha ngaphandle kwezimvume ezifanele. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izincwadi zokuhamba ezidingekayo zithathwe ngesikhathi sokungena e-Australia. Iphasipoti evumelekile enamaphepha afanelekile e-visa iyadingeka ezivakashini eziningi ngaphandle uma zivela emazweni angenayo i-visa. Kafushane, lapho uvakashela e-Australia umuntu kufanele azijwayeze nemithetho yayo eqinile yamasiko futhi ayilandele ngokufanele. Ukumemezela izinto ezivinjelwe lapho ufika kanye nokuthobela imithetho yokuvalelwa kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni inqubo yokungena eshelelayo kuyilapho kuhlonipha imizamo yase-Australia yokuvikela imvelo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Australia iyizwe elilandela inqubomgomo eqinile yentela yokungenisa izimpahla ezingena emingceleni yalo. Uhulumeni wase-Australia ubeka izintela ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuncintisana okufanele. Lezi zintela zaziwa njengentela yokungenisa noma amanani, futhi amanani azo ayahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo. I-Australian Customs and Border Protection Service ilawula lezi zintela, ezikhokhiswa ngokusekelwe enanini lento engenisiwe. Amanani angasukela ku-0% ukuya kumaphesenti angamakhulu ambalwa, ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi esingaba ngu-5%. Kodwa-ke, eminye imikhakha ebucayi njengezolimo nezindwangu inamazinga entengo aphezulu. Kukhona futhi imisebenzi ethile yentela eklanyelwe ukuvikela izimboni zendawo noma ukubhekana nezivumelwano zokuhwebelana namanye amazwe. Isibonelo, i-Australia ingene ezivumelwaneni zokuhwebelana ngokukhululeka (ama-FTA) namazwe ahlukahlukene afana ne-China, Japan, South Korea, namanye. Ngaphansi kwalawa ma-FTA, imikhiqizo ethile ingase izuze ezilinganisweni ezincishisiwe noma zero uma ihlangabezana nemibandela okuvunyelwene ngayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe okunenani elingaphansi kwe-AU$1000 (njengamanje) akuhehi noma yimuphi intela yempahla kodwa kungase kungenise Intela Yezimpahla Nezinkonzo (GST), okwamanje esethwe ku-10%. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhawulo ungashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ngokusekelwe kuzinqubomgomo zikahulumeni. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yase-Australia ihlose ukulingana phakathi kokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kuyilapho igqugquzela ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ikhuthaza ukuqhudelana ngendlela efanele ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe zincintisana ngokulinganayo nezinto ezikhiqizwe kuleli ngokwenani nekhwalithi ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngemali engenayo kuhulumeni ngezintela ezibekwe emikhiqizweni yangaphandle engena ezimakethe zakuleli.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Australia ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho, ukukhuthaza izimboni zasendaweni, kanye nokungenisa imali kuhulumeni. Izwe libeka izintela ezihlukahlukene ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncintisana okunobulungiswa ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuvikela abakhiqizi basekhaya. Enye yezinqubomgomo ezibalulekile zentela yi-Goods and Services Tax (GST), esebenzisa intela engu-10% ezimpahleni eziningi ezithengiswa ngaphakathi kwe-Australia. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuvamile kukhululwa ku-GST, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yase-Australia ihlala inokuncintisana ezimakethe zaphesheya. Ukwengeza, izimpahla ezithile zingase zibe ngaphansi kwezintela ezithile zokuthekelisa noma izintela. Lezi zintela ngokuvamile zikhokhiswa ezinsizeni zemvelo ezifana namalahle, insimbi yensimbi, ne-petroleum. Imali engenayo etholakala kulezi zintela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda noma imizamo yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Australia inohlelo lwezivumelwano zokuhwebelana namanye amazwe ezilawula amanani entengo yezinto ezithengwayo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala zihlose ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda amanani entengo emikhiqizweni ethile ehwebelana phakathi kwezizwe, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili kuyilapho kwakheka amathuba kwabathumela kwamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhulumeni wase-Australia ubuyekeza izinqubomgomo zakhe zentela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uphendule ekushintsheni kokubalulekile kwezomnotho noma izimo zemakethe yomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, abathumeli kwamanye amazwe kufanele bahlale benolwazi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izibuyekezo noma izinguquko ezenziwe iziphathimandla ezifanele. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Australia isekela kokubili izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokunikeza izikhuthazo kwabathumela ngaphandle kuyilapho ivikela abakhiqizi bendawo ngezintela ezihlosiwe kanye nokukhululwa.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Australia yaziwa ngomkhakha wayo oqinile wokuthekelisa futhi inohlelo oluhleleke kahle olukhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nobuqiniso bokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Izwe linezinqubo eziqinile zokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthekelisa abathumeli bangaphandle okufanele bahambisane nazo. Esinye sezitifiketi eziphambili zokuthumela e-Australia uphawu lwe-Australian Made. Le logo iwuphawu oluqashelwa kabanzi lwezimpahla ezenziwe noma ezitshalwa e-Australia, ezibonisa ikhwalithi, ukuphepha, nezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Iqinisekisa abathengi ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe ukuthi bathenga imikhiqizo yangempela yase-Australia. Ukuze ufaneleke ukuthola ilogo yase-Australian Made, imikhiqizo kufanele ihlangabezane nemibandela ethile eshiwo yi-Australian Made Campaign Ltd (AMCL). Lezi zindlela zokunquma zihlanganisa uguquko olukhulu olwenzeka ngaphakathi e-Australia, okungenani ngo-50% wezindleko zokukhiqiza ezitholwe e-Australia. Imikhiqizo kufanele futhi isebenzise izithako zasendaweni ezibalulekile noma izingxenye lapho kufanele khona. Ukwengeza, izinkampani ezibheke ukuthekelisa impahla yezolimo e-Australia zidinga ukuthola Isitifiketi SePhytosanitary eMnyangweni Wezolimo, Amanzi kanye Nezemvelo. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo esekelwe ezitshalweni ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ze-phytosanitary futhi inciphisa noma yiziphi izingozi ezihlobene nezinambuzane noma izifo ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Esinye isitifiketi esibalulekile esidingwa amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele yiSitifiketi Somsuka (COO). Lo mbhalo ufakaza ukuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zitholakala ngokuphelele, zikhiqizwa, zakhiwe noma zicutshungulwa ngaphakathi kwe-Australia njengoba kuchazwe ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele yemvelaphi. Ngaphandle kwalezi zitifiketi ezijwayelekile, izimboni ezithile zinezidingo zazo eziqondile zokuthumela izimpahla ngaphandle kwe-Australia. Isibonelo, abathumeli bangaphandle abasebenzelana nomkhiqizo wemvelo bangathola isitifiketi semvelo ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezaziwayo ezifana ne-NASA Certified Organic (NCO) noma amalogo e-organic aqinisekiswe yi-ACO. Sekukonke, ngalezi zitifiketi ezihlukahlukene zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nezindlela ezisetshenziswa kuzwelonke kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana nezolimo kanye nezimboni zokukhiqiza phakathi kwezinye; abathengi bangathembela ngokuzethemba ekuthengeni imikhiqizo yangempela evela e-Australia kuyilapho begcina amazinga ekhwalithi ahambisana nezidingo zemakethe yomhlaba wonke.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Australia yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezinkulu, amadolobha anamasiko amaningi, nezilwane zasendle eziyingqayizivele. Uma kukhulunywa ngezokuthutha kanye nezokuthutha kuleli, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, i-Australia iyizwe elikhulu ngokwendawo elinabantu abambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha asethuthukisiwe ukuze ahlanganise amabanga amade ngendlela efanele. Amasevisi okuthutha ngendiza ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukulethwa okucacile noma okuzwela isikhathi phakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu. Isibonelo, i-Qantas Freight inikeza izinsiza eziningi zempahla yasekhaya ezixhuma wonke amadolobha amakhulu ase-Australia. Okwesibili, i-Australia inenethiwekhi yemigwaqo ethuthuke kahle enqamula ezweni lonke. Ezokuthutha emgwaqeni zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ngaphakathi naphakathi kwezindawo zesifunda lapho izinkonzo zesitimela noma zezindiza zingafinyeleleka kancane. Izinkampani ezinjenge-Toll Group zisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuxazululeni amaloli, zihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibanzi zokuthutha impahla emgwaqeni ezweni lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifunda ezisogwini lwase-Australia zithembele kakhulu ezintweni zasolwandle ngenxa yesimo sazo njengezwekazi eliyisiqhingi elizungezwe izilwandle. Amachweba amakhulu njengechweba laseMelbourne kanye nechweba laseSydney asebenza njengamasango abalulekile ohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Izinkampani zokuthutha ezifana ne-Maersk Line zinikeza imizila evamile yokuthumela exhumanisa amachweba ase-Australia nezindawo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokungeziwe ezindleleni zendabuko zempahla, i-Australia ibone ukwanda komsebenzi we-e-commerce eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngenani elikhulayo labantu abathenga ku-inthanethi ngaphakathi nangaphandle, izinketho zokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina sezibalulekile. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Australia Post zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziningi zeposi nezokuthumela iposi ezweni lonke. Okokugcina, ngenxa yemithetho eqinile ye-biosecurity ephoqelelwa iziphathimandla zase-Australia, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinqubo zamasiko lapho ungenisa noma uthumela izimpahla ezweni. Ukubonisana nabadayisi bezimpahla abanolwazi njenge-DHL Global Forwarding kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha kuyilapho kuthobela yonke imithetho edingekayo. Sengiphetha, indawo yezokuthutha yase-Australia ihlanganisa inhlanganisela yokuthutha ngendiza ukuze kuthuthwe ngokushesha phakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu; ukuthuthwa komgwaqo okuzothatha amabanga amade; umkhumbi wasolwandle wohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe; izinketho zokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina ezisebenza kahle eziqondiswe ku-e-commerce; kanye nokulandela izinqubo eziqinile zamasiko eziholwa abadayisi abanolwazi lokudayisa izimpahla. Sekukonke, i-Australia inikezela ngohlu olubanzi lwezinsizakalo zempahla ukusekela ukuhanjiswa kwempahla kulo lonke leli zwe elikhulu nelihlukahlukene.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Australia yaziwa ngomnotho wayo oqinile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni, eziheha abathengi abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthola imikhiqizo kanye nokusungula ubudlelwano bebhizinisi. Kuneziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo edlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni abahlinzeki base-Australia nabathengi bomhlaba wonke. Enye yeziteshi ezinkulu zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe e-Australia yinkundla ye-inthanethi ebizwa ngokuthi "Abathekelisi base-Australia." Isebenza njengenkomba yamabhizinisi ase-Australia emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, isiza ukuzulazula okulula nokuxhumana phakathi kwabahlinzeki bendawo kanye nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Inkundla ivumela abathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle ukuthi baseshe imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi abathanda ukuwathola e-Australia. Esinye isiteshi esivelele sokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kungezinhlelo zikahulumeni wase-Australia ezifana ne-Austrade (Australian Trade Commission) kanye ne-AusIndustry. Lezi zinhlangano zigqugquzela ngenkuthalo ukuhwebelana phesheya kwezilwandle ngokuhlela imisebenzi yezohwebo, izinhlelo zokufanisa ibhizinisi, namasemina embonini. Benza ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi kwezinkampani zase-Australia ezifuna ukuthekelisa izimpahla zazo noma amasevisi emhlabeni jikelele nabangase babe ngabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ababonise intshisekelo yokusebenzelana nozakwabo base-Australia. Ngaphezu kwalezi ziteshi, kunemibukiso eminingi yokuhweba eyenziwa unyaka wonke eheha abathengi ababalulekile bamazwe ngamazwe abavela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Omunye umcimbi onjalo yi-Sydney International Food Festival, ekhombisa imboni yokudla yase-Australia ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Le festiveli ayibonisi nje inqwaba yemikhiqizo yokudla kodwa futhi inikeza namathuba okuxhumana lapho amabhizinisi engakwazi ukuhlangana nabangase babe ngabangenisa kwamanye amazwe abavela emhlabeni wonke. Omunye umbukiso obalulekile wezohwebo yi-"PACIFIC," ebanjwe iminyaka emibili e-Sydney. Igxile ekuboniseni ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, okokusebenza, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlobene namandla okuvikela asolwandle. Lo mcimbi uheha izikhulu ezihola phambili zokuthengwa kwempahla ezivela ezinhlanganweni zezokuvikela ezifika zizohlola izixazululo ezintsha ezihlinzekwa izinkampani zase-Australia kulo mkhakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Melbourne International Furniture Fair (MIFF) ibhekelela ngokukhethekile abakhiqizi befenisha, abaklami, abasabalalisi, abathengisi kanye nabadwebi bezakhiwo nabaklami bangaphakathi abafuna imikhiqizo yefenisha yekhwalithi eyenziwe e-Australia. I-MIFF inikeza inkundla enhle kakhulu yokuxhumana nemikhiqizo yefenisha edumile emhlabeni wonke kuyilapho ivumela abathengisi bendawo ukuthi bagqamise ubuciko babo. Eminye imibukiso yezohwebo ephawulekayo ihlanganisa i-Australian Toy Hobby kanye ne-Licensing Fair eMelbourne, eheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna amathoyizi aqanjiwe, imidlalo, namathuba okuthola amalayisensi avela e-Australia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunombukiso wezimoto iBrisbane International Motor Show, odonsa ukunaka kochwepheshe bemboni yezimoto emhlabeni wonke abanentshisekelo yokubuka intuthuko yakamuva emkhakheni wezimoto wase-Australia. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zeziteshi eziningi nemibukiso yezohwebo etholakalayo ukuxhuma abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nabahlinzeki abavela e-Australia. Ngomnotho wayo oqinile nezimboni ezahlukahlukene, i-Australia inikezela ngamathuba anhlobonhlobo okuthola usizo emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi.
I-Australia, njengoba iyizwe elithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, inezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezidumile ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izakhamuzi zakhona. Ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Australia zifaka: 1. I-Google (https://www.google.com.au) I-Google iyinjini yokusesha ehamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele futhi iyinketho edume kakhulu kubasebenzisi be-inthanethi e-Australia. Inikeza amakhono aphelele ewebhu kanye nezithombe. 2. I-Bing (https://www.bing.com.au) I-Bing enye injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kabanzi e-Australia ehlinzeka ngezici zokusesha iwebhu. Inikeza amathuluzi ahlukile njengesithombe, ividiyo, izindaba, nosesho lwemephu. 3. I-Yahoo (https://au.yahoo.com) I-Yahoo isalokhu ingumdlali obalulekile emakethe yenjini yokusesha yase-Australia ngobubanzi bayo bezinsizakalo ezihlanganisa ukusesha, i-imeyili, izibuyekezo zezindaba, okuqukethwe kokuzijabulisa, nokuningi. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com) I-DuckDuckGo yaziwa ngokuma kwayo okuyimfihlo okuqinile njengoba ingalandeleli idatha yomsebenzisi noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngamakhono aqinile okusesha iwebhu kubasebenzisi base-Australia. 5. I-Ecosia (https://www.ecosia.org/) I-Ecosia iyinjini yokusesha evumelana nemvelo esebenzisa inzuzo yayo yezikhangiso ukutshala izihlahla emhlabeni wonke. Ithole ukuduma phakathi kwabantu base-Australia abakhathalela imvelo abafuna ukufaka isandla ngendlela enhle ngenkathi besebenzisa ithuluzi lokusesha elisebenzayo. 6. Usesho lwe-Safari (https://search.safari-search.net/) I-Safari Search isandiso sesiphequluli esinikezela ngolwazi olusheshayo noluvikelekile lwabantu base-Australia ngokusebenzisa imithombo evela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene abahloniphekile. 7. OzBargain (https://www.ozbargain.com.au/) I-OzBargain akuyona nje injini yokusesha evamile kodwa iyinkundla yomphakathi lapho abantu base-Australia bengathola amadili amahle ezweni lonke ngokwabelana ngolwazi olukhiqizwa umsebenzisi ngezaphulelo kuzo zonke izigaba eziningi. Lezi ngezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Australia kusukela manje; kodwa-ke, okuthandwayo kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngobuchwepheshe obuguqukayo kanye nabasanda kungena emakethe.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

Izinkomba zamakhasi aphuzi amakhulu e-Australia yilezi: 1. Yellow Pages Australia: Lolu uhla lwemibhalo olusemthethweni lwe-inthanethi lwamabhizinisi ase-Australia. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi lokuxhumana, amamephu, nezibuyekezo zezimboni ezahlukahlukene ezweni lonke. Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpages.com.au 2. I-White Pages Australia: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lubala izinombolo zocingo zokuhlala, amakheli, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana yabantu base-Australia. Ungasesha abantu ngamagama noma ngamakheli kuwebhusayithi yabo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.whitepages.com.au 3. Indawo Yangempela: Indawo Yangempela wuhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi lendawo oludumile oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi ngendawo nangezigaba. Iphinde inikeze ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende nezilinganiso ukusiza abasebenzisi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho bekhetha amasevisi noma imikhiqizo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.truelocal.com.au 4. I-Yelp Australia: I-Yelp yiwebhusayithi yokubuyekeza eyaziwa kabanzi lapho ungathola khona amabhizinisi endawo, ufunde ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende, ubuke izithombe, futhi uthole izikhombisi-ndlela eziya ezindaweni zawo. Banemininingwane egciniwe yamabhizinisi ase-Australia ahlanganisa izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.yelp.com.au 5.Yellowbook.com.au : Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lwamakhasi aphuzi aku-inthanethi luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole amabhizinisi ngokusekelwe endaweni noma uhlobo lomkhakha ezifundeni ezahlukene zase-Australia. 6.Dlook.com.au : I-Dlook iyinkundla yokufakwa kuhlu yamabhizinisi esebenzisanayo lapho ungathola khona izinkampani zasendaweni zase-Australia ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni namasevisi azo. Lezi zinkomba ziyizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo e-Australia ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana namabhizinisi, amasevisi, kanye nabantu abasebenzisa ukufakwa kuhlu kwamakhasi aphuzi ku-inthanethi.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Australia, eyizwe elithuthukile elinezinga eliphezulu lokungena ku-inthanethi, inezinkundla ezimbalwa ezivelele ze-e-commerce. Nazi eziyinhloko kanye nama-URL azo afanele: 1. I-Amazon Australia - www.amazon.com.au: Inguqulo yase-Australia yomdondoshiya womhlaba, ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene. 2. I-eBay Australia - www.ebay.com.au: Indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi edumile lapho abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bengathenga futhi bathengise izinto ezintsha noma ezisetshenzisiwe. 3. Kogan.com - www.kogan.com/au: Iyaziwa ngamanani ayo ancintisanayo, i-Kogan inikeza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo ezifana nama-smartphone, ama-TV, nempahla yasendlini. 4. Catch - www.catch.com.au: Ekuqaleni eyaziwa ngokuthi Catch of the Day, inikeza amadili enhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo ehlanganisa imfashini, i-homeware, i-electronics, nokunye. 5. I-JB Hi-Fi - www.jbhifi.com.au: Inkundla eyaziwa kakhulu egxile ezintweni zikagesi ezithengwayo njengamakhompuyutha, ama-smartphones, amakhonsoli amageyimu nezinye izinto. 6. I-Iconic - www.theiconic.com.au: Inkundla ehamba phambili yemfashini enikezela ngezimpahla zokugqoka ezivela ezinkampanini ezidumile zasendaweni nezamazwe ngamazwe zezingubo zamadoda kuya kwezingubo zabesifazane. 7. Woolworths Online -www.shop.woolworths.com.au : Inkundla yokuthenga igrosa eku-inthanethi enikezela ngegrosa ehlukahlukene kuhlanganisa nokudla okusha okulethwa emnyango wakho 8.Coles Online- https://shop.coles.com.au : Ngokufanayo ne-Woolworths ku-inthanethi inikeza igrosa elethwa emnyango wakho 9.Qantas Shopping-https://shopping.qantaspoints-offers.qantaspoints-deals.aeviayzn.net Lokho kukuvumela ukuthi uthenge ezinkampanini ezahlukene usebenzisa ama-Qantas Points atholwa ngezindiza noma eminye imisebenzi ehlobene ne-Qantas Airways. Lawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce asebenza e-Australia; kukhona ezinye eziningi ezibhekelela izimakethe ze-niche noma izimboni ezithile ezifana nefenisha (isb., I-Temple & Webster), izimpahla zezilwane ezifuywayo (isb., i-Petbarn), noma imikhiqizo yezempilo nobuhle (isb., I-Chemist Warehouse).

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Australia iyizwe elaziwa ngesiko lalo lezenhlalo elinempilo kanye nomphakathi ochumayo we-inthanethi. Kunezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezidumile ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu base-Australia ukuze baxhumane futhi babelane. 1. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com): I-Facebook iyinkundla yezokuxhumana esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Australia. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane, babelane ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, amavidiyo, futhi bajoyine amaqembu ahlukahlukene noma imiphakathi. 2. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com): Inkundla edumile yokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo e-Australia. Abasebenzisi bangalandela amaphrofayili womunye nomunye futhi bahlole okuqukethwe ngokusekelwe kuma-hashtag noma izindawo. 3. I-Twitter (https://www.twitter.com): I-Twitter enye inkundla yezokuxhumana evame ukusetshenziswa e-Australia lapho abasebenzisi bangabelana ngemilayezo emifushane noma ama-tweets nabalandeli babo. Inikeza izibuyekezo zezindaba zesikhathi sangempela, izihloko ezithrendayo, futhi ivumela ukuxhumana okuqondile ngokushiwo. 4. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn iyisizindalwazi sokuxhumana nabantu esixhuma ochwepheshe abavela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene e-Australia. Isiza abasebenzisi ukwakha inethiwekhi yobungcweti, ukucinga amathuba emisebenzi, nokwabelana ngokuqukethwe okuhlobene nomkhakha. 5. I-Snapchat (https://www.snapchat.com): I-Snapchat iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo ye-multimedia esetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka zase-Australia ukuthumela izithombe noma amavidiyo anyamalalayo ngemva kokubukwa umemukeli. 6. I-TikTok( https://www.tiktok.com/ ): I-TikTok izuze ukuduma okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje phakathi kwentsha yase-Australia ngamavidiyo ayo afushane abonisa ukusungula ithalente ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene. 7.YouTube( https://youtube.com) : I-YouTube inikeza iqoqo elibanzi lokuqukethwe okukhiqizwa umsebenzisi okuhlanganisa amavidiyo omculo, okokufundisa ama-vlogs ama-movie clip amakhonsathi amadokhumentari nezinhlelo ezibukhoma njll. I-8.Reddit( https://reddit.com) : I-Reddit isidume kakhulu kubantu base-Australia njengenkundla yezingxoxo eziku-inthanethi lapho bengahlanganyela khona nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene ezithakaselwayo ngokusebenzisa ama-subreddits. 9.Whatsapp: Yize i-WhatsApp ingeyona inkundla yezokuxhumana ncamashi ihlala idume ngendlela emangalisayo kubantu base-Australia njengoba ivumela imiyalezo yangasese, izingcingo zezwi nevidiyo izithombe zezingxoxo zeqembu nokwabelana ngevidiyo. 10.I-Discord (https://discord.com): Ekuqaleni yakhelwe abadlali bamageyimu, i-Discord inikeza izinkundla zokuxhumana zezwi, ividiyo, nemibhalo evumela abantu base-Australia ukuthi baxhumane nemiphakathi egxile ezintweni abazithakaselayo okwabelwana ngazo kungaba amageyimu nanoma yisiphi esinye isihloko. Lezi zinkundla zokuxhumana zidlala indima enkulu endaweni yedijithali yase-Australia, zixhumanisa abantu abavela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene futhi zinikeze inkundla yokuziveza, inethiwekhi, nokuhlala unolwazi ngemicimbi yamanje.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Australia inomnotho ohlukahlukene onemikhakha eyahlukene yezimboni, ngayinye inezinhlangano zayo ezivelele zezimboni. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni e-Australia kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI) - www.australianchamber.com.au Imele izinhlaka zezentengiselwano namabhizinisi kulo lonke elase-Australia, i-ACCI igxile ekukhuthazeni izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nesimo sebhizinisi esisekelayo. 2. I-Australian Industry Group (Ai Group) - www.aigroup.com.au I-Ai Group imele amabhizinisi kwezokukhiqiza, ezokwakha, ezobunjiniyela nakweminye imikhakha. Banikeza ukukhulumela, izeluleko ngobudlelwano bendawo yokusebenza, izinsizakalo zokuqeqesha kumalungu. 3. Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yokuthengisa (NRA) - www.nra.net.au I-NRA yinhlangano emele umkhakha wezokudayisa e-Australia ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokweseka kubathengisi njengezeluleko zezomthetho nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha okudayisa. 4. I-Master Builders Association of Australia (MBAA) - www.masterbuilders.com.au I-MBAA izinikele ekumeleleni imboni yezokwakha neyokwakha ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezifana nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha, ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokumela inqubomgomo. 5. Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) - www.minerals.org.au Isungulwe ukumela izinkampani zokuhlola amaminerali ezisebenza emkhakheni wezimayini wase-Australia, i-MCA ihlose ukukhuthaza izinqubo ezisimeme kuyilapho imelela izinqubomgomo ezihlobene nezimayini. 6. Inkundla Yezokuvakasha Nezokuthutha (TTF) - www.ttf.org.au I-TTF imele abadlali abakhulu abavela emkhakheni wezokuvakasha okuhlanganisa izindiza, amaketanga amahhotela, abaqhubi bezokuvakasha njll., ehlose ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo esekela ukukhula kwezokuvakasha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. 7. Umkhandlu Wezinsizakalo Zezezimali (FSC) - www.fsc.org.au I-FSC iyindikimba emele izikhungo zezezimali ezifana namabhange, izinkampani zomshwalense njll., egxile ekumeleleni inqubomgomo ngaphakathi komkhakha wezinsizakalo zezezimali. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinhlangano ezivelele zezimboni e-Australia; nokho eminye imikhakha eminingana nayo inamaqembu azo embonini amele izintshisekelo zawo kuwo womabili amazinga kazwelonke nawesifunda. Kuyafaneleka ukuhlola okwengeziwe ngokusekelwe embonini ethile enentshisekelo kuyo.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-Australia, njengenye yeminotho ehamba phambili esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific, inohlu lwamawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile kumabhizinisi nakubantu ngabanye. Nazi ezinye ezivelele: 1. Umnyango Wezangaphandle Nohwebo (DFAT) - Isizindalwazi sikahulumeni esisemthethweni esibhekele ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe e-Australia, okuhlanganisa izinqubomgomo zohwebo, izivumelwano, nezindaba zokufinyelela ezimakethe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/ 2. I-Austrade - Isikhungo sikazwelonke sase-Australia sokuthuthukisa ezohwebo nokutshalwa kwezimali phesheya kwezilwandle. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibalulekile kumathuba okuthumela impahla, imibiko yezobunhloli bemakethe, imicimbi, nezinsizakalo zosekelo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.austrade.gov.au/ 3. I-Business.gov.au - Le sayithi inikezela ngolwazi oluphelele lokuqala ibhizinisi e-Australia njengemihlahlandlela yokulawula, izimfuneko zentela, izinketho zezimali, izinqubo zezimvume/zamalayisense njll. Iwebhusayithi https://www.business.gov.au/ 4. I-Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) - I-ABS inikeza izibalo zezomnotho ezinemininingwane mayelana nezici ezihlukahlukene zomnotho wase-Australia okuhlanganisa amazinga okukhula kwe-GDP, idatha yokusebenza kwemboni njll. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.abs.gov.au 5. I-Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) - Njengebhange elikhulu lezwe; Iwebhusayithi ye-RBA iqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuguquguquka kwezilinganiso zenzalo; ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo yezimali njll., okunomthelela ngqo ezinqumweni zokuhlelwa kwezimali zamabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.rba.gov.au/ 6. I-Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) - I-ASX iyimakethe yesitoko eyinhloko yase-Australia lapho izinkampani zingafaka khona uhlu lwamasheya azo ukuze zihwebe emphakathini; inikeza uhla olubanzi lwedatha yezezimali ukusiza abatshalizimali benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.asx.com.au/ 7. I-Export Council of Australia (ECA) - I-ECA isekela amabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi ngemizamo yawo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngokuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zokuthekelisa eziklanyelwe ukwakha amakhono adingekayo kumasu empumelelo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://exportcouncil.kuwaitchamber.org.kw/ 8. Amawebhusayithi ezinhlangano eziqondene nemboni ethile - izimboni zase-Australia ezifana nezolimo, ezezimayini, ezokuvakasha, njll., zinezinhlangano ezithize ezeseka imikhakha eyahlukene. Lezi zinhlangano zihlinzeka ngezindaba ezihlobene nomkhakha kanye namasevisi osekelo lwebhizinisi. Ngokwesibonelo: - Inhlangano Yabalimi Kazwelonke (NFF) - https://www.nff.org.au/ - Umkhandlu Wezimbiwa wase-Australia - https://minerals.org.au/ Lawa mawebhusayithi anikeza ingcebo yolwazi engathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqonda kwakho isimo sezomnotho sase-Australia futhi ikwenzele ukuzibandakanya kwakho emisebenzini yezohwebo yezwe.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba e-Australia ahlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yokuhweba yezwe. Nalu uhlu lwamanye alawa mawebhusayithi kanye nama-URL awo: 1. I-Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) - I-ABS ihlinzeka ngezibalo eziphelele ezicini ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi yabo ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe idatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa ngempahla, izwe, nezinye izindlela. Iwebhusayithi: www.abs.gov.au 2. Umnyango Wezindaba Zangaphandle Nohwebo (DFAT) - I-TradeStats Express ye-DFAT inikeza ukufinyelela olwazini lwezibalo olunemininingwane mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwe-Australia okuthekelisa kanye nokungenisa emazweni ahlukene nezifunda. Abasebenzisi bangahlola imikhiqizo ethile noma izimboni zokuhlaziya uhwebo. Iwebhusayithi: www.dfat.gov.au/trade/statistics/Pages/tradestats-express.aspx 3. I-Austrade - I-Austrade iyisikhungo sikaHulumeni wase-Australia esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthukisa ezohwebo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, namathuba emfundo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ithuluzi labo le-Market Insight livumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlole idatha yohwebo ngezwe noma ngomkhakha ukuze bakhombe izimakethe ezingaba khona noma amathuba ebhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi: www.austrade.gov.au/international/invest/market-insights/economies 4. Ikhomishini Yezohwebo Nokutshalwa Kwezimali yase-Australia (AusTrade) - I-AusTrade inikeza izinsiza ezifanele ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yokuthekelisa, imihlahlandlela yebhizinisi, imininingwane yezimakethe, njll., evumela amabhizinisi ukuba aqonde izimo zemakethe emazweni okuhlosiwe ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya ekuhwebeni komhlaba. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.austrade.gov.au/ I-5.Trademap- I-Trademap iyinkundla esebenziseka kalula ehlinzeka ngezibalo zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe ezivela emithonjeni eminingi emhlabeni jikelele kuhlanganise ne-Australia. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1%7c036%7cTOTAL+ALL+PRODUCTS&utm_campaign=News&utm_medium=Email&utm_source=Newsletter Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngamathuluzi abalulekile kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuhlola ukusebenza kokuhweba kwe-Australia kumaleveli ahlukahlukene njengempahla ethengiswayo, amazwe/izifunda zozakwethu ezihweba phakathi kwamazwe amabili, amathrendi amanje, njll. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanye alawa mawebhusayithi angase adinge ukubhaliswa noma abe nemikhawulo ekufinyeleleni idatha ethile, kodwa ngokuvamile anikeza ingcebo yolwazi ukusiza ekuhlaziyeni uhwebo nokuthatha izinqumo.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Australia iyikhaya lamapulatifomu e-B2B ambalwa asebenzela izimboni nemikhakha eyahlukene. Nazi ezinye ezivelele: 1. I-Alibaba Australia (www.alibaba.com.au): Le nkundla ye-B2B edumile yomhlaba wonke ixhuma amabhizinisi ase-Australia nabathengi nabahlinzeki bamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo kuzo zonke izigaba eziningi. 2. I-TradeAustralia (www.tradeaustralia.com.au): Le nkundla inikezelwe ekukhangiseni imikhiqizo namasevisi ase-Aussie emhlabeni jikelele. Isiza amabhizinisi endawo ukuthi axhumane nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, inikeza imininingwane yemakethe, futhi inikeza usekelo emisebenzini yohwebo. 3. I-eWorldTrade Australia (www.australia.eworldtrade.com): Indawo yemakethe ye-B2B eku-inthanethi eyenza amabhizinisi ase-Australia akwazi ukukhombisa imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zawo kubabukeli abahlukahlukene bomhlaba ukuze andise isisekelo samakhasimende abo. 4. I-IndustrialSearch (www.industrysearch.com.au): Igxile ezimpahleni zezimboni namasevisi, le nkundla ivumela abakhiqizi base-Australia, abahlinzeki, nabasabalalisi ukuthi baxhumane nabazoba amakhasimende ezweni. 5. I-FoodService Australia (www.foodserviceaustralia.com.au): Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile imboni yesevisi yokudla, le webhusayithi ye-B2B ixhuma izindawo zokudlela, amakhefi, amahhotela, nezinkampani zokudla nabahlinzeki bemikhiqizo yokudla kanye namathuluzi. 6. I-Sourcing City (sourcingcity.net.au): Inkundla yokuhlonza ehlinzeka ngokukhethekile imboni yomkhiqizo wokukhangisa e-Australia ngokuxhumanisa abasabalalisi nabathengisi bezitolo/abahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngezinto ezingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo. 7. I-Farm Tender (www.farmtender.com.au): Indawo yokuthengisa eyisipesheli yomkhakha wezolimo lapho abalimi bengathenga khona noma badayise imishini/impahla kanye nezinye izimpahla ezifana nemfuyo noma izitshalo. 8.MachineSales AU(https://www.machinesales.com/aus/onlineauction.cfm?manu_search=ENGEL&model_search=ALL&region_search=AUSTRALIA) :Indali yamathuluzi omshini.Ivumela abakhiqizi, abahlinzeki, nabathengi abavela ezimbonini ezihlukene zeplatifomu ukuhlangana endaweni eyodwa . Lezi zinkundla zihlinzeka ngendlela yokuthi amabhizinisi ase-Australia kuyo yonke imikhakha eyahlukene axhumane, akhuthaze imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zawo, futhi andise ukufinyelela kwawo kokubili ngaphakathi nasemhlabeni jikelele.
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