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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Afghanistan iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi, labelana ngemingcele nePakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, kanye neChina. Ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angu-652,864 futhi iyikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-32 bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Inhloko-dolobha yiKabul esebenza njengendawo yezepolitiki nezomnotho e-Afghanistan. Izwe linomlando ocebile osukela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka onamathonya avela emasikweni asePheresiya namaSulumane. Kwake kwaba isitobhi esibalulekile emizileni yohwebo yeSilk Road. Ukwakheka kwezwe lase-Afghanistan kuhlukahlukene futhi ikakhulukazi kunezintaba kanti uhla lwamaHindu Kush luphethe isifunda esimaphakathi. Isimo sezulu siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuphakama kodwa ngokuvamile kuba nehlobo elishisayo nobusika obubandayo. Ezolimo zidlala indima enkulu emnothweni wase-Afghanistan njengoba abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu besebenza ukulima noma ukufuya imfuyo. Izitshalo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukolweni, ummbila, izithelo (njengamagilebhisi namahalananda), amantongomane (njengama-alimondi), kanye nokotini. Izwe linezinsiza zemvelo eziningi ezihlanganisa igesi yemvelo, amalahle, ithusi, insimbi, namatshe ayigugu afana nesimaragidu. Nokho, ingqalasizinda yezimayini lezi zinsiza isalokhu ingathuthukisiwe ngenxa yokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo kwezokuphepha. I-Afghanistan ibhekane nezinselelo eziningi emlandweni wonke ezihlanganisa ukuhlasela kwamazwe angaphandle, ukubusa kwamasosha aseTaliban, kanye nezingxabano eziqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekuhoxisweni kombuso wamaTaliban ngo-2001, leli zwe lenze imizamo yokuqinisa uzinzo, ukwakha kabusha izikhungo, nokusungula ukubusa kwentando yeningi. ukwesekwa okuvela kubalingani bamazwe ngamazwe. Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe, i-Afghanistan isaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele zezenhlalo, ezomnotho, nezokuphepha.Amazinga obumpofu aphakeme kuyilapho ukufinyelela emfundweni nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kusalokhu kulinganiselwe ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.Izindaba zokulingana ngobulili nazo zisaqhubeka.Umphakathi wase-Afghan waziwa ngamasiko awo aqinile anomthelela. isakhiwo somphakathi, imithetho, izinkambiso, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha emiphakathini yonkana ezweni lonke. Sengiphetha, i-Afghanistan iyizwe elicebile ngomlando, izindawo ezihlukene ngokwamasiko, izinsiza zemvelo, futhi selithathe igxathu ekwakhiweni kabusha nasekusimamiseni ngemva kweminyaka yezingxabano. Nokho, libhekene nezinselele eziningi ngaphambi kokuzuza ukuthula okuhlala njalo, ukuchuma, nentuthuko.
Imali Yezwe
Isimo semali e-Afghanistan sihluke kakhulu. Imali esemthethweni yase-Afghanistan yi-Afghan afghani (AFN). Sekuyimali kazwelonke kusukela ngo-1925. I-afghani eyodwa ihlukaniswe ngama-100 pul. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Afghanistan ibhekane nezinselelo ezinkulu zezomnotho eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezombusazwe kanye nezingxabano eziqhubekayo. Inani le-afghani libe nokuguquguquka okukhulu ngenxa yalokho. Ngokwamazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali, kungase kube nzima ukuthola ulwazi olunembile noluhambisanayo ngenxa yesimo esintengantengayo somnotho wase-Afghan. Izinga lokushintshisana ngemali enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe liyashintshashintsha njalo, okwenza kube inselele kumabhizinisi nakubantu ngabanye ukubikezela noma ukuhlela ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka kanye nokuntula ukuzethemba ezikhungweni zezimali zendawo, abantu abaningi bahweba besebenzisa amadola ase-US noma ezinye izimali zakwamanye amazwe esikhundleni sokuthembela kuma-afghani kuphela. Lo mkhuba uvame kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu lapho uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwenzeka khona. Kafushane, isimo semali yase-Afghanistan sibonakala ngenhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yohlobo lwemali lwezwe olusemthethweni (i-Afghan afghani), ukuntengantenga kumanani okushintshanisa, ukuthembela ezimalini zakwamanye amazwe njengamadola ase-US ngezinjongo zohwebo, kanye nezinselele zomnotho ezivamile ezibangelwa ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe kanye nezingxabano eziqhubekayo.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yase-Afghanistan yi-Afghan Afghani (AFN). Amanani okushintshaniswa ngezimali ezinkulu zomhlaba angahluka, ngakho-ke akwenzeki ukunikeza idatha ethile ngaphandle kolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela. Sicela ubhekisele emithonjeni yezezimali ethembekile noma uthintane nesiguquli semali ukuze uthole izilinganiso zokushintshisana zakamuva.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Afghanistan, izwe elivaliwe e-Asia Ephakathi, igubha imikhosi eminingana ebalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi idlala indima ebalulekile esikweni lase-Afghan futhi ibonwa abantu bezinhlanga ezahlukene nezizinda zenkolo. Nawa amanye amaholide ase-Afghan aphawulekayo: 1. I-Nowruz: I-Nowruz iphawula ukuqala konyaka omusha wase-Afghan futhi igujwa ngo-March 21st. Kungumkhosi wasendulo wasePheresiya obonisa ukuzalwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa. Abantu base-Afghan bagubha lolu suku ngokusingatha amadili anemininingwane, ukuvakashela umndeni nabangane, ukuphana izipho, nokubamba iqhaza emculweni wendabuko nokudansa. 2. Usuku Lokuzimela: Lugujwa ngo-Agasti 19, uSuku Lwenkululeko lukhumbula inkululeko ye-Afghanistan ngaphansi kokulawula kweBrithani ngo-1919. Ngalolu suku, izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zamasiko zenzeka ezweni lonke kanye nemibukiso ekhombisa imibala yefulegi lezwe lase-Afghanistan - emnyama, ebomvu, eluhlaza - imidanso yamasiko, amakhonsathi omculo akhombisa ukushisekela izwe. 3. I-Eid al-Fitr: Omunye wemikhosi yamaSulumane ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke i-Eid al-Fitr noma "Umkhosi Wokuzila." Lo mkhosi uphawula ukuphela kweRamadan (inkathi yokuzila ukudla eyinyanga yonke) ngokusekelwe ekubonweni kwekhalenda lenyanga yamaSulumane. E-Afghanistan, imindeni iyahlangana ukuze yabelane ngezidlo zemikhosi ndawonye ngenkathi igqoke izingubo ezintsha njengophawu lwemikhosi ejabulisayo. 4. I-Eid al-Adha: Elinye iholide lamaMuslim elibalulekile eligujwa emhlabeni wonke i-Eid al-Adha noma "Umkhosi Womhlatshelo." Leli holide lihlonipha ukuzimisela kuka-Ibrahim ukunikela ngendodana yakhe njengesenzo sokholo kodwa ekugcineni anikele ngesilwane esikhundleni somyalo kaNkulunkulu. Abantu base-Afghan bagubha lolu suku ngokwenza imikhuleko kuma-mosque okulandelwa ukwaba inyama yezilwane zomhlatshelo namalungu omndeni kanye nalabo ababenenhlanhla encane. 5.I-National Day/Revolution Day (April 28): Leli holide likazwelonke likhumbula ukuketulwa kuka-Mohammad Daoud Khan ngo-1978 okwaholela ekubuseni kwamakhomanisi ngaphambi kokudedela ukuhlasela okugcwele kweSoviet ngoDisemba 1979. , futhi waphoqelela izigidi ekudingisweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-Afghanistan igubha lolu suku ngemibukiso, imicimbi yamasiko neziqhumane. Lena eminye yemikhosi ebalulekile egujwa e-Afghanistan. Lawa maholide abamba ukubaluleka okujulile kwamasiko, ezenkolo, kanye nomlando kubantu base-Afghan, ekhuthaza ubumbano, imikhosi ejabulisayo, nomuzwa wokuziqhenya ngobuzwe phakathi kwabantu bakhona.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Afghanistan, etholakala e-Asia Emaphakathi, iyizwe elivaleleke ezweni elinomnotho ohlukahlukene othembele kakhulu kwezolimo nemithombo yemvelo. Nokho, ngenxa yeminyaka yezingxabano nokuntengantenga kwezombangazwe, isimo salo sokuhwebelana sisalokhu siyinselele. Ukuthengiswa okuyinhloko kwe-Afghanistan kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nezithelo ezomisiwe (ikakhulukazi omisiwe), izithelo ezintsha (okuhlanganisa amahalananda namabhilikosi), amantongomane (njengama-pistachios nama-alimondi), noboya. Izwe liphinde libe nezinqolobane ezinkulu zamaminerali njengethusi, i-iron ore, igolide, i-lithium, negesi yemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Afghanistan ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwempahla ehlukahlukene efana nemikhiqizo yokudla (ukolweni noshukela), imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ngezidingo zamandla, imishini yamaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, amakhemikhali ezimboni, amakhemisi ngezinjongo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, izimoto zezidingo zokuthutha. Omunye wabalingani abakhulu base-Afghanistan yiPakistan engumakhelwane. Isebenza njengomzila wezokuthutha obalulekile oxhuma i-Afghanistan nezimakethe zomhlaba ngokusebenzisa itheku laseKarachi. Abanye ozakwethu ababalulekile bezohwebo bahlanganisa i-India, Iran, inethiwekhi yesitimela yase-China-Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan ngokuwela umngcele wase-Hairatan. Uhulumeni wase-Afghan ubelokhu enza imizamo yokuthuthukisa isimo sokuhwebelana sezwe ngokusayina izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-World Trade Organization protocol ngo-2016. Ukwengeza; ihlose ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngezinhlelo ezinikeza izinxephezelo zentela kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo ze-bureaucratic. Nokho; izinselelo ezehlukene zithiya ukukhula kwezohwebo e-Afghan okuhlanganisa nengqalasizinda ebuthaka njengamanethiwekhi okuthutha anganele okwenza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kube nzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho; Inkohlakalo isalokhu iyindaba ethinta izinqubo zokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle kanye nokukhathazeka kwezokuphepha okunomthelela ekuweleni imingcele okunomthelela ekubambezelekeni nezindleko ezengeziwe ezinciphisa ukuncintisana ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuphetheni; I-Afghanistan ibhekene nezingqinamba ezinkulu emkhakheni wayo wezohwebo ngenxa yezingxabano eziqhubekayo nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe okuphazamisa ukukhula komnotho nemizamo yokuhlukahlukana. Isu
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Afghanistan iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Central and South Asia, elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-38. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo eziningi njengokungazinzi kwezombusazwe, ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha, nengqalasizinda ebuthakathaka, i-Afghanistan inamandla angasetshenziswanga ngokwemakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile samandla okuthekelisa e-Afghanistan kusezisetshenziswa zayo zemvelo ezinothile. Izwe laziwa ngemithombo emikhulu yegesi yemvelo, i-petroleum, amalahle, ithusi, igolide, amatshe ayigugu nezinye izimbiwa ezibalulekile. Ukuhlola nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwalezi zinsiza kungakhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe (i-FDI) futhi kukhuphule ukuthunyelwa kwezwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwemithombo yemvelo, i-Afghanistan inomlando omude wokukhiqiza ezolimo. Umhlabathi ovundile nesimo sezulu esivumayo kusiza ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ukolweni, ummbila, ibhali, izithelo ezinjengamagilebhisi namahalananda, kanye nemikhiqizo efana nesafroni. Ngokuqalisa amasu okulima esimanje kanye nokwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda yangemva kokuvuna njengezindawo zokupakisha noma amaketanga okugcina amakhaza - isizwe singakhuphula kakhulu ukuthengiswa kwaso kwezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yezandla yase-Afghan isithole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ngobungqayizivele bayo kanye nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Okhaphethi abahle, izingubo zomdabu (njengezingubo ezifekethisiwe), izitsha zobumba, umsebenzi wokhuni, ubucwebe, izimpahla zesikhumba, amaragi, nezindwangu zinikeza amathuba abalulekile okuthunyelwa kwezwe ukuze izwe liwaxhaphaze. Ukuze kusetshenziswe leli thuba lokuhwebelana ngokugcwele , kudingeka imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda - ikakhulukazi amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha afana nemigwaqo, izitimela, namachweba - ukuze izimpahla zithuthwe ngokuphumelelayo ngaphakathi noma zithunyelwe phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizamo yokuthuthukisa uzinzo kwezombusazwe, isiqiniseko sezokuphepha emisebenzini yabashokobezi, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nenkohlakalo kuzothuthukisa ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali okuzoba negalelo ekuhloleni amathuba ohwebo lwangaphandle nakakhulu. Ukwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile bamazwe amabili ezimakethe zesifunda nakho kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezohwebo lwangaphandle kwe-Afghanistan uma kubhekwa indawo ekuyo ehlanganisa iNingizimu Asia ne-Asia Ephakathi. Ukuthuthukisa izivumelwano zohwebo ezikhona namazwe angomakhelwane njengePakistan, India, Iran, kanye ne-Uzbekistan kuzovula izindlela ezintsha ze-Afghan. abahwebi ukusungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside futhi andise ukufinyelela ezimakethe. Sengiphetha, i-Afghanistan inamandla amakhulu ngokwentuthuko yemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngokusebenzisa kahle imithombo yayo yemvelo, ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yezandla, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokudala ubudlelwano besifunda obuqinile, izwe lingavula amandla alo angasetshenziswa futhi likhulise umnotho. ukukhula ngokwanda kwamathuba okuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kucutshungulwa imikhiqizo edayiswayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe e-Afghanistan, kubalulekile ukugxila ezintweni ezihambisana nezidingo ezithize zezwe kanye nokuthandwayo. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso zezinto ezithengiswa kakhulu emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Afghanistan: 1. Ezolimo Nemikhiqizo Yokudla: Ngomnotho wezolimo ikakhulukazi, kunesidingo esikhulu semikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo ezintsha, imifino, amantongomane (njengama-alimondi nama-pistachio), isafroni, nezinongo. Izimpahla ze-organic kanye ne-halal-certified zibaluleke kakhulu. 2. Izindwangu: Kunesidingo esinamandla sezimpahla zokugqoka njengezingubo zomdabu zase-Afghan (njenge-perahan tunban) ezenziwe ngezindwangu zasendaweni kanye nobuciko. Ukwengeza, izindwangu ezifana nokhaphethi, amaragi, amatshali, izikhafu ezenziwe ngoboya noma usilika kungaba izinketho ezithandwayo zokuthumela ngaphandle. 3. Izinto Zokwakha: Njengoba i-Afghanistan iqhubeka nokwakha kabusha ingqalasizinda yayo, izinto zokwakha ezifana usimende, izinsimbi zensimbi, amathayela/amamabula/amagwadle asetshenziselwa ukubeka phansi noma izindonga zodonga zinamandla amahle emakethe. 4. Imisebenzi yezandla: Imisebenzi yezandla yase-Afghan ijabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe ngenxa yemiklamo yayo eyingqayizivele nobungcweti. Izinto ezifana nezitsha zobumba/i-ceramics (ezenziwe kusetshenziswa amasu endabuko), ukhuni/izinto ezibaziweyo/ifenisha ephuma ku-walnut noma izinkuni zikamalibhele zifunwa kakhulu. 5. Izinsiza Zezimayini: I-Afghanistan inemithombo yamaminerali eningi okuhlanganisa i-copper ore/ingots/nuggets/billets/alloys/plates/sheets/strips/wires phakathi kwezinye eziningi ezingathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe kwimithetho yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. 6. Imithi/Izisetshenziswa Zokwelapha: Umkhakha wokunakekelwa kwezempilo e-Afghanistan udinga imithi yekhwalithi - ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic/imithi yokugoma/imithi yokudambisa izinhlungu -kanye nemishini yezokwelapha efana nemishini yokuxilonga/izinsimbi ezifana nemishini ye-x-ray/ultrasonography(Echocardiogram) amathuluzi/izinto ze-PPE zingaba khona. ukuthekelisa impahla. 7.Izisetshenziswa Zomkhakha Wamandla - Uma kubhekwa imizamo ekhulayo yezimboni emikhakheni yamandla izisombululo zamandla avuselelekayo/amadivayisi/izisetshenziswa(ilanga/umoya/i-biogas) zinamandla amahle. 8. I-Consumer Electronics: Isidingo sezinto zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, izinto zikagesi zasendlini njengeziqandisi, omabonakude, namasistimu omsindo kukhula ngokushesha phakathi kwabantu basemadolobheni. 9. Izinsizakalo Zezemfundo: Ukunikeza izixazululo ze-e-learning zemfundo ekude ezindaweni lapho ukufinyelela kwezikole kulinganiselwe kungaba yithuba lebhizinisi elinenzuzo. Khumbula ukwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe futhi uhlaziye izimfuno zabathengi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuthuthukisa amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa aqinile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezinqumo zamasiko endawo kuzosiza ukusungula ubukhona obuyimpumelelo emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Afghanistan.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Afghanistan iyizwe elivalekile eNingizimu ye-Asia elaziwa ngamagugu alo anothile nomlando oneziyaluyalu. Uma kuziwa ekuqondeni izici zekhasimende kanye nama-taboos e-Afghanistan, amaphuzu amaningana abalulekile kufanele acatshangelwe. Izici Zekhasimende: 1. Ukungenisa izihambi: Abantu base-Afghan baziwa ngomoya wabo wokungenisa izihambi ofudumele nokuphana kwabavakashi. Kuvamile ukuthi bameme izivakashi ezindlini zabo futhi babanikeze itiye noma ukudla. 2. Ubudlelwane bomphakathi obuqinile: Abantu base-Afghan banomqondo oqinile wezimiso zomphakathi nezomndeni. Ukwenziwa kwezinqumo ngokuvamile kuhilela ukubonisana nabadala noma ukufuna imvume kumalungu omndeni. 3. Ukuhlonipha igunya: Abantu base-Afghan ngokuvamile babahlonipha kakhulu izikhulu, njengabazali, abaholi benkolo nezikhulu zikahulumeni. 4. Isiko lenani: Amasiko endabuko aziswa kakhulu e-Afghanistan, okuhlanganisa ulimi, izitayela zokugqoka (njengezingubo zomdabu zase-Afghan), umculo, amafomu okudansa njenge-Attan, nemikhuba yezenkolo. I-Cultural Taboos: 1. Inkolo: Inkolo yamaSulumane iyinkolo ehamba phambili e-Afghanistan enemikhuba yenkolo eqinile elandelwa izakhamizi eziningi. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha lezi zinkolelo futhi ugweme noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungenanhlonipho ngenkolo noma abantu benkolo. 2. Izindima zobulili: Izindima zobulili zendabuko zivame kakhulu emphakathini wase-Afghan; abesifazane kulindeleke ukuba banamathele ezimisweni zokugqoka ezinesizotha kanye nalokho okulindelwe umphakathi mayelana nokuziphatha. 3. Isikhala somuntu siqu: Ukuthintana ngokomzimba phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abangahlobene kungase kubonakale kabi ngaphandle kwalapho kuqalwe ngumuntu wobulili obufanayo ngaphakathi komongo ofanele. 4. Gwema ukuxoxa ngezihloko eziyimpikiswano ngokukhululekile njengepolitiki noma izindaba ezibucayi ezihlobene namasiko endawo ezingase zibangele ukungezwani emphakathini. Kubalulekile ukusondela ekusebenzelaneni kwebhizinisi nokuzwela isiko lase-Afghan ngenkathi ukhumbula lezi zici nezithiyo ukuze ungacasuli muntu ungahlosile.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
Uhlelo lokuphatha izinto ezingenayo e-Afghanistan ludlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuvikela imingcele yezwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwezimpahla kanye nabantu abangena noma abaphuma e-Afghanistan, izinqubo nemithetho ethile iyasetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlola inkambiso. Okokuqala, izivakashi ezingena e-Afghanistan kumele zibe nepasipoti evumelekile ene-visa efanele. Kutuswa ukuthi uhlole izidingo ze-visa zakamuva ngaphambi kokuvakashela e-Afghanistan njengoba zingahluka kuye ngobuzwe bomuntu kanye nenjongo yokuvakasha. Abahambi kungase kudingeke ukuthi bagcwalise ifomu lokungenela lapho befika. Ezikweqeni imingcele, yonke imithwalo ingaphansi kokuhlolwa kwempahla. Kubalulekile ukuthi abahambi basho noma yiziphi izinto ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile njengezibhamu, izidakamizwa, noma inani elikhulu lemali. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungase kubangele ukushaqwa noma imiphumela yezomthetho. I-Afghanistan isebenzisa imisebenzi ekuthengisweni nakwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwayo lwentela. Zonke izimpahla ezingena noma eziphuma ezweni zingakhokhiswa izintela ngaphandle kwalapho zikhululwa ngaphansi kwemithetho ethile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abathintekayo kwezohwebo ne-Afghanistan bahambisane nale mithetho futhi bamemezele ngokunembile izimpahla zabo ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokugunyazwa. Lapho uthekelisa umsebenzi wobuciko obalulekile noma izinto zobuciko zamasiko ezivela e-Afghanistan, abahambi kudingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi bathole izimvume ezidingekayo kuziphathimandla ezifanele kusengaphambili. Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezinjalo ngaphandle ngokungemthetho kungaholela ezijezisweni ezinzima. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezindaweni zokuhlola amasiko e-Afghan ziqinile ngenxa yezinsongo ezingaba khona ngenxa yemisebenzi yokushushumbiswa kanye nokukhathazeka kobuphekula esifundeni. Abahambi kufanele babambisane ngokugcwele nabaphathi bempahla ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa futhi balandele imiyalelo ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokuphikiswa. Sengiphetha, labo abahlela uhambo noma ukuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe ne-Afghanistan kufanele baqaphele izidingo zohlelo lwayo lokuphathwa kwezimpahla ezingenayo ezihlanganisa ukuba nama-visa afanele, ukumemezela izinto ezikhawulelwe lapho kungena/ukuphuma ezweni ngokunembile, ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yentela ephathelene nokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuhambisana nayo. ngokuphelele nokuhlola okwenziwa ezindaweni zokuhlola ngokwezifiso ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwemisebenzi yobuphekula kulezi zifunda kuyilapho sikhumbula ukuthi umsebenzi wobuciko obalulekile nezinto zobuciko zamasiko zidinga ukwenza izimfuneko zemvume eyengeziwe ukuze zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
Inqubomgomo yentela yempahla ethengwayo yase-Afghanistan idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuhwebelana nokungenisela izwe imali engenayo. Uhulumeni ukhokhisa intela yezimpahla ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe ngokwezigaba zazo ezihlukene. Izinga elijwayelekile lentela yokungenisa e-Afghanistan ngu-2.5%, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ethile enenani eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezithile ezibalulekile njengokudla, imithi, nezinto zokulima azikhokhiswa intela yokungenisa ezweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwazo ngamanani akholekayo. Ngokungeziwe kumthelo wokungenisa oyisisekelo, i-Afghanistan isebenzisa izintela ezengeziwe nezinkokhelo ezimpahleni ezithile. Isibonelo, intela ye-value-added (VAT) ka-10% ikhokhiswa ezintweni zikanokusho ezingenisiwe njengezimoto nezinto zikagesi. Ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya nokuvikela izimboni zasendaweni, i-Afghanistan iphinde ibeke imisebenzi ephikisana nokulahlwa kwezimpahla ezinenani elingaphansi kwezindleko zokukhiqiza noma ezithengiswa ngentengo ephansi ngokungafanele, okusiza ukuvimbela ukuncintisana okungafanele ezimakethe zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Afghanistan isungule izivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezikhethwayo namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Iran nePakistan lapho behlinzeka ngezintela ezincishisiwe noma eziyekiwe zezimpahla ezithile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhwebelana kwesifunda. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinqubo zokugunyazwa kwentela engenayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphoqeleleni lezi zinqubomgomo zentela. Ukungenisa ezweni kufanele kudlule ekuhlolweni kwemibhalo efanele lapho izikhulu zentela zihlola inani lempahla engenisiwe ngezinhloso zentela. Sengiphetha, inqubomgomo yentela yase-Afghanistan yokungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ibandakanya inani lentela elijwayelekile elingu-2.5% nokukhululwa ezintweni ezibalulekile. Izintela ezengeziwe njenge-VAT zingasebenza ezimpahleni zikanokusho kuyilapho izinyathelo zokulwa nokulahlwa zivikela izimboni zasendaweni. Izivumelwano zokuhweba ezikhethwayo zikhona namazwe angomakhelwane ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwesifunda.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Afghanistan ihlose ukusekela nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho wayo ngokukhokhiswa intela yezimpahla ezihlukahlukene. Izwe ngokuyinhloko lithembele emikhiqizweni yezolimo, amaminerali, kanye nemithombo yemvelo ukuze ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe, kugxilwe ekwandiseni imali engenayo kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa izindlela zokuhweba ezinobulungiswa. Ngaphansi komthetho wase-Afghan, abathumeli bangaphandle kudingeka ukuthi bakhokhe izintela ezithile kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Lezi zintela zisiza ukungenisa imali kuhulumeni futhi zibe negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi. Imikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo, imifino, amantongomane, nokotini ngokuvamile ibhekana nentela ephansi noma ukukhululwa ukuze ikhuthaze ukuthekelisa kwayo nokuncintisana ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Lelisu lihlose ukuthuthukisa igalelo lezolimo emnothweni wase-Afghanistan ngenkathi ligqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaminerali afana ne-copper ore, amatshe ayigugu njenge-emeralds noma i-lapis lazuli, amalahle, igesi yemvelo noma imikhiqizo esekelwe kuwoyela ngokuvamile ingenisa izintela eziphakeme ngenxa yenani layo lezomnotho elinamandla amakhulu. Ukusebenzisa amazinga entela anyukile kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinsiza ezibalulekile zizuzisa imizamo yokwakha isizwe futhi zivikele ukusimama komnotho wesikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iziphathimandla zase-Afghan zibuyekeza lezi zinqubomgomo zentela ngezikhathi ezithile ngokusekelwe ezimeni zemakethe nezinto ezibalulekile kuzwelonke. Lezi zibuyekezo zihlose ukulinganisa phakathi kokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuyilapho kukhiqiza imali eyanele yemisebenzi kahulumeni ebalulekile. Sekukonke, i-Afghanistan igcizelela izinqubo zokuhweba ezinobulungiswa ezihambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kunqubomgomo yayo yentela yempahla yokuthekelisa. Inhloso ayigcini nje ngokukhuphula imali engenayo kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa amathuba alinganayo okufinyelela ezimakethe kanye nokuncintisana komhlaba wonke ngokuhambisana namasu okukhula komnotho okusimeme.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Afghanistan, eseNingizimu ye-Asia, iyizwe elivaliwe ezweni elinomlando wokukhiqiza izimpahla ezihlukahlukene ukuze zisetshenziswe ekhaya kanye nokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, i-Afghanistan isebenzise uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthumela ngaphandle. Isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Afghanistan sibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa abathumeli bangaphandle okudingeka bazilandele. Okokuqala, abathumeli bangaphandle kumele babhalise ibhizinisi labo ne-Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI). Lolu hlelo lokubhalisa lusiza ukulawula kanye nokuqapha imisebenzi yokuthekelisa ezweni. Okwesibili, abathumeli kwamanye amazwe kudingeka bathole izitifiketi ezihlukahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwemikhiqizo abafisa ukuyithumela ngaphandle. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo idinga izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary ezikhishwe uMnyango Wezolimo, Ukunisela, kanye Nemfuyo (MAIL). Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zezolimo zihlangabezana namazinga ezempilo omhlaba ezinambuzane nezifo. Ukwengeza, emikhiqizweni eyenziwe e-Afghan efana nezimpahla zokugqoka noma imisebenzi yezandla efuna ukuqashelwa umhlaba wonke ngobuqiniso bayo noma izimangalo zemvelaphi, abathumeli bangaphandle bangafaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-Geographical Indications (GI). Isitifiketi se-GI siqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezithile noma izimfanelo zomkhiqizo zibangelwa imvelaphi yawo yendawo ngaphakathi kwe-Afghanistan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimboni zingase futhi zidinge izitifiketi zokuvumelana ukuze zibonise ukuthobela imithetho ethile yezobuchwepheshe noma izindinganiso ezibekwe amazwe angenisayo. Lezi zitifiketi zisebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zifeza izimfuneko zokuphepha ezihlobene nezindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi noma izinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo. Okokugcina, ngaphambi kokuthekelisa noma yikuphi okuthengiswayo ngaphandle kwemingcele ye-Afghanistan, abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele bagcwalise izinqubo zentela ezindaweni zokuhlola emngceleni lapho imibhalo efana nama-invoyisi okuthengisa kanye nohlu lokupakisha ibuyekezwa kahle izikhulu zentela. Sengiphetha, ukukhishwa kwezitifiketi zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zase-Afghanistan ziyahlangabezana namazinga omhlaba. Ngokubhaliswa okufanele ne-ACCI kanye nokuthola izitifiketi ezifanele njengezitifiketi ze-phytosanitary noma izitifiketi ze-GI uma kufanele), abathumeli bangaphandle base-Afghan bafaka isandla ekwakheni ukwethembana phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho bephromotha imikhiqizo yabo eyenziwe endaweni phesheya.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Afghanistan, izwe elivalekile elise-Asia Emaphakathi, yaziwa ngendawo yayo emagebhugebhu nomlando ocebile wamasiko. Naphezu kwezinselelo ezilethwa ukuntengantenga kwezombusazwe okuqhubekayo kanye nokukhathazeka kwezokuphepha, kusenezinketho ezihlukahlukene zezinsizakalo zezokuthutha ezweni. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthumela izimpahla e-Afghanistan, enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthutha ngezindiza. Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Hamid Karzai International e-Kabul sisebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokungena yempahla yamazwe ngamazwe. Izindiza eziningana ezithwala impahla ezifana ne-DHL, i-FedEx, ne-UPS zisebenzisa izindiza ezivamile eziya e-Afghanistan, zenza imisebenzi ephumelelayo yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Nakuba ukuthutha emoyeni kungase kubize, kunikeza izikhathi zokuhamba ezisheshayo futhi kulungele ngokukhethekile ukuthunyelwa okuzwela isikhathi noma okunenani eliphezulu. Ngezimpahla ezinkulu noma ukuthunyelwa ngobuningi, ukuthutha olwandle kungaba inketho esebenzayo. Ukuzulazula emazweni angomakhelwane afana ne-Iran noma i-Pakistan kungase kudingeke kuye ngokuthi isukaphi noma indawo yomthwalo oya kuyo. Ichweba laseKarachi ePakistan livamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuthumela izimpahla eziya e-Afghanistan ngezokuthutha zomgwaqo ezisuka emadolobheni asemngceleni wePakistan njengePeshawar noma iQuetta. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya ngaphakathi kwe-Afghanistan uqobo, ezokuthutha ngomgwaqo zidlala indima ebalulekile ngenxa yengqalasizinda kaloliwe elinganiselwe. Izinkampani zamaloli zendawo zihlinzeka ngezinsiza zokuhamba ezifundazweni ezahlukene ezweni. Nokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ubungozi bezokuphepha obuhlobene nokuhamba emgwaqeni futhi kuqashwe abahlinzeki besevisi yokuthutha abathembekile abanolwazi lokuguquguquka kwesifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nemizamo esafufusayo yokuthuthukisa amanethiwekhi kaloliwe axhumanisa amazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Uzbekistan ne-Turkmenistan ukuze kube lula imizila yokuhweba edlula e-Afghanistan ngokuzayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugunyazwa kwamasiko okushelelayo kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo lapho kuthunyelwa izimpahla e-Afghanistan, ukuqasha amafemu athengisa izinto ngokwezifiso ahloniphekile angasiza ekuzulazuleni izinqubo ze-bureaucratic ngempumelelo. Sekukonke naphezu kwezinselelo ezihlobene nezindaba zokuphepha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda okulinganiselwe; ukuthutha ngezindiza ngesikhumulo sezindiza sase-Kabul kunikeza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthuthwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho izinketho zokuthutha zomgwaqo wendawo zihlangabezana nezidingo zokusabalalisa ekhaya ngaphakathi kwezwe. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu ngabahlinzeki bezokuthutha abahlonishwayo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nanoma yikuphi ukuthunyelwa noma ukuphuma e-Afghanistan, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nolwazi lwesifunda, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo. Ukuqapha isimo sezepolitiki kanye nokuxhumana nochwepheshe abajwayelene nendawo yezokuthutha yase-Afghanistan nakho kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwebhizinisi ezweni.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

Afghanistan, located in Central Asia, offers various development channels and exhibitions for international buyers to engage in trade and business opportunities. This article will discuss some of the significant international procurement avenues and exhibitions in Afghanistan. 1. Kabul International Trade Fair: The Kabul International Trade Fair is one of the most prominent events in Afghanistan, attracting numerous international buyers seeking business opportunities within the country. This exhibition showcases a wide range of products such as textiles, machinery, electronics, construction materials, food products, and much more. It is an excellent platform for connecting with Afghan businesses and exploring potential partnerships. 2. Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI): The Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries plays a crucial role in promoting trade between Afghanistan and the rest of the world. It facilitates networking among local businesses while also providing information on export-import policies, market analysis reports, investment opportunities, etc. International buyers can connect with ACCI to identify reliable suppliers or explore potential collaborations. 3. Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoCI): The Ministry of Commerce & Industry is responsible for formulating trade policies aimed at stimulating economic growth through domestic production and foreign investments. International buyers can cooperate with MoCI to navigate legal procedures related to import-export licenses or gain insights into market trends. 4. Export Promotion Agency (EPAA): The Export Promotion Agency serves as a bridge between Afghan producers/exporters and international buyers/investors by promoting Afghan products worldwide through participation in various events like trade fairs/exhibitions outside Afghanistan or organizing buyer-seller meets within the country itself. 5. USAID Promote Program: USAID's Promote program focuses on economic empowerment initiatives for women entrepreneurs in Afghanistan who often face challenges regarding access to markets or resources required for business expansion. Through this program's networking events/seminars focused on women-led enterprises across different sectors such as agriculture/textiles/handicrafts/services – international buyers can identify potential partners while contributing to women's economic empowerment. 6. Agriculture Exhibitions: Afghanistan is known for its agricultural produce such as saffron, fruits, nuts, and spices. Therefore, agricultural exhibitions like the AgFair provide a platform for international buyers looking to procure high-quality Afghan agricultural products directly from local farmers and producers. 7. Natural Resource and Mining Exhibitions: Given Afghanistan's substantial deposits of natural resources like minerals such as copper, iron ore, and precious stones, exhibitions like the International MineExpo focus on highlighting investment opportunities in the mining sector. International buyers interested in sourcing raw materials or investing in mining projects can participate in these exhibitions. It is essential to note that due to security concerns or logistical challenges related to infrastructure development in Afghanistan, some exhibitions/events may have limited availability or fluctuating schedules. International buyers are advised to stay updated with reliable sources like embassy websites or trade association portals regarding upcoming events/exhibitions before planning their business visits. In conclusion, Afghanistan offers several significant international procurement channels through its trade fairs/exhibitions like the Kabul International Trade Fair and specific agencies/institutions such as ACCI or MoCI dedicated to promoting bilateral trade partnerships. By engaging with these platforms effectively, international buyers can explore diverse business opportunities across various sectors within this dynamic Central Asian nation.
E-Afghanistan, izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi: 1. I-Google: Njengenjini yokusesha edume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, i-Google isetshenziswa kakhulu nase-Afghanistan. Ihlinzeka ngebanga elikhulu lemiphumela futhi inikeza izinguqulo zendawo zamazwe athile. Inguqulo yesi-Afghan ingafinyelelwa ku-www.google.com.af. 2. I-Bing: Ithuthukiswe yi-Microsoft, i-Bing enye injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Afghanistan. Inikeza ukusebenza kokusesha kwewebhu kanye nezici ezifana nosesho lwezithombe nevidiyo. Ungafinyelela kuyo ku-www.bing.com. 3. I-Yahoo: Nakuba ingadumile njenge-Google noma i-Bing, i-Yahoo isalondoloza ubukhona emakethe yenjini yokusesha yase-Afghanistan. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njenge-imeyili, izindaba, ezezimali, kanye nesici sokusesha iwebhu futhi. Inguqulo yayo yase-Afghan ingatholakala ku-www.yahoo.com.af. 4. I-AOL Search: I-AOL (i-America Online) nayo inenjini yokusesha esetshenziswa abasebenzisi be-inthanethi e-Afghanistan ukuthola ulwazi kuwebhu. Ungayithola ku-www.search.aol.com. 5 I-DuckDuckGo: Yaziwa ngendlela yayo egxile kubumfihlo yokusesha i-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuqoqa ulwazi lomuntu siqu kubasebenzisi, i-DuckDuckGo ithola ukuduma emhlabeni wonke kuhlanganise nase-Afghanistan. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.duckduckgo.com. 6 Naver: Inkundla ye-inthanethi yaseNingizimu Korea enenjini yokusesha eqinile esebenza njengenye yezinketho eziyinhloko zabasebenzisi base-Afghan abakhetha ukusesha okusekelwe e-Korea noma abafuna okuqukethwe kwesifunda sase-Asia okuhlobene ne-Korea nezinye izindawo ezihlobene - okufinyeleleka ngekhasi layo eliyisiqalo. .com Lezi ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezivamile nezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Afghanistan ezihlinzeka ngokufinyelela kumawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe emibuzweni yabasebenzisi nezintshisekelo.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Afghanistan, umthombo oyinhloko wamakhasi aphuzi ikakhulukazi ngezinhlu ze-inthanethi. Lezi zinkomba zihlinzeka ngolwazi lokuxhumana lwamabhizinisi, izinhlangano, kanye nabantu ngabanye emikhakheni eyahlukene ezweni lonke. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ayinhloko aphuzi e-Afghanistan: 1. Amakhasi Aphuzi Kabul: Le webhusayithi inikezela ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi aseKabul nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu e-Afghanistan. Ihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi ehlanganisa amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, izibhedlela, izikole, izinkampani zokwakha, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: www.kabulyellowpages.com 2. I-Afghan Biz: I-Afghan Biz iwuhlu lwemibhalo eku-inthanethi olunikeza ulwazi ngamabhizinisi asebenza kulo lonke elase-Afghanistan. Ihlanganisa imikhakha efana nezolimo, izinsiza zezimoto, amabhange nezezimali, izikhungo zemfundo, izikhungo zezokuvakasha nokunye okuningi. Iwebhusayithi: www.afghanbiz.com 3. I-Arian Online Yellow Pages: I-Arian Online Yellow Pages ingenye yezinkomba eziphambili ze-inthanethi ezigxile ekuxhumekeni kwebhizinisi nebhizinisi e-Afghanistan. Inikeza uhlu lwezimboni ezihlukahlukene njengabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokuxhumana ngocingo, abakhiqizi/abahlinzeki/abahwebi bemikhiqizo/izinsizakalo ezahlukene njll. Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpagesafghanistan.net 4. I-Manta Afghanistan: I-Manta iwuhlu lwemibhalo lwe-inthanethi lomhlaba wonke oluphinde lusebenze njengenkundla yamakhasi aphuzi exhumanisa amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke kuhlanganise nalawo asebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yase-Afghanistan. Iwebhusayithi; www.manta.com/world/Asia-and-Pacific/Afghanistan/ 5. I-Yellow Pages ka-EasyFind.af : I-EasyFind.af inikeza ingxenye enkulu yamakhasi aphuzi anezigaba eziningi ezinohlu olunemininingwane eminingi evela ezifundeni ezahlukene e-Afghanistan. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.easyfind.af/en/ Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngezinketho zokusesha ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi abawadingayo kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana efana nezinombolo zefoni noma amakheli. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angaphansi kwezinguquko noma ukwengezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; ngakho-ke kuyatuseka ukuthi uvakashele izinkundla zabo ngokuqondile ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile nolwakamuva emakhasini aphuzi ase-Afghan.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

Kunamapulatifomu amaningi amakhulu we-e-commerce e-Afghanistan. Lapha, ngizobala ezinye zazo kanye namakheli azo ewebhusayithi: 1. Imakethe ye-inthanethi yase-Afghanistan (www.afghanistanonlinemarket.com) Le nkundla inikezela ngemikhiqizo eminingi ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. Inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula kanye nezinketho zokukhokha ezivikelekile. 2. I-Afghan E-Commerce (afgcommerce.com) I-Afghan E-Commerce ingesinye sezimakethe ezihamba phambili ze-inthanethi e-Afghanistan. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene njengezingubo, izinto zikagesi, imikhiqizo yobuhle, nemishini yezemidlalo. 3. I-Kabul Online Shopping (www.kabulonlineshopping.com) Le nkundla ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathengele izinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izingubo, izesekeli, imikhiqizo yokuhlobisa ekhaya, nezinto zikagesi zasekhishini. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezilula zokulethwa kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu e-Afghanistan. 4. Aryanbazaar (https://aryanbazaar.com/) I-Aryanbazaar iyinkundla ye-e-commerce egxile ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo eyiqiniso yase-Afghan efana nobucwebe, izinto zezimpahla zendabuko ezifana nezingubo zePashtun namajazi amadoda abizwa ngokuthi "Khet Partoog", imisebenzi yezandla eyenziwe izingcweti zendawo. 5. I-BazarOnline Afghanistan (https://bazaronlineafghanistan.com/) I-BazarOnlineAfghanistan iyinkundla yokuthenga ku-inthanethi enikeza izigaba zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene njengezingubo zemfashini zabesilisa nabesifazane okuhlanganisa nezingubo ezenziwe endaweni ezaziwa ngokuthi "izingubo zase-Afghani," amagajethi e-electronics njengama-smartphone namaphilisi kanye nempahla yasendlini. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-e-commerce ecosystem e-Afghanistan isathuthuka; ngakho-ke, ukubukeka kwayo kungase kuguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nabasanda kuhlanganyela abajoyina imakethe.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Afghanistan iyizwe elihlukahlukene elinezinga elikhulayo lokungena ku-inthanethi. Yize izinkundla zokuxhumana zingandile njengakwamanye amazwe, kusenezinkundla ezimbalwa ezidumile abantu base-Afghanistan abazisebenzisayo ukuxhuma nokwabelana ngolwazi. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Afghanistan, kanye namawebhusayithi azo ahambisanayo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook ngokungangabazeki iyinkundla yezokuxhumana ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise ne-Afghanistan. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngezithombe namavidiyo, bajoyine amaqembu noma imicimbi, futhi balandele amakhasi wezindaba. 2. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter ingenye inkundla esetshenziswa kabanzi e-Afghanistan yezibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindaba, ezombusazwe, ezokuzijabulisa, ezemidlalo, nokuningi. Abasebenzisi bangathumela imilayezo emifushane eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-tweets angathandwa noma abiwe abanye. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe lapho abasebenzisi bangalayisha khona izithombe noma amavidiyo amafushane ahambisana namagama-ncazo nama-hashtag. Ithole ukuthandwa phakathi kwentsha yase-Afghan ngokubonisa ubuhlakani bayo ngokuqukethwe okubukwayo. 4. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn iyinkundla yezokuxhumana echwepheshile esetshenziswa kakhulu abantu abafuna ukwandisa ukuxhumana kwabo kochwepheshe. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amaphrofayili agqamisa isizinda sabo semfundo nolwazi lomsebenzi ngenkathi bexhumana nozakwabo abavela ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. 5. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com): I-YouTube ihlinzeka ngeqoqo elikhulu lokuqukethwe kwamavidiyo adalwe abantu noma izinhlangano emhlabeni jikelele - kusukela kumavidiyo omculo kuya ezifundweni zemfundo - okwenza adume kakhulu kubasebenzisi base-Afghan abafuna ukuzijabulisa noma izinjongo zemfundo. 6 . I-WhatsApp: I-WhatsApp inikeza izinsiza zemiyalezo esheshayo kanye nezingcingo zezwi nezingxoxo zevidiyo zokuxhumana nomuntu oyedwa noma izingxoxo zeqembu ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi. 7 . I-Viber: Ifana ne-WhatsApp kodwa idume kancane kunombangi wayo; I-Viber iphinda ilethe izinsiza zemiyalezo njengemiyalezo ehambisana nezingcingo zezwi kuwo wonke amadivayisi ahlukene ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi. 8 . I-Telegram: I-Telegram yaziwa ngokuhlinzeka ngamakhono okuthumela imiyalezo avikelekile kuyilapho kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokubethela ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni obuqinisekisa ubumfihlo. Abasebenzisi bangakha iziteshi noma amaqembu ukuze babelane ngemilayezo, izithombe, namavidiyo. Lezi ezimbalwa zezinkundla zokuxhumana esezithole ukuduma e-Afghanistan. Abantu nezinhlangano ezweni zisebenzisa lezi zinkundla ngezinhloso ezehlukene kusukela kwezokuxhumana, ezokuzijabulisa, ukusetshenziswa kwezindaba, inethiwekhi, nokunye emhlabeni oxhumene ngokwandayo.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Afghanistan inezinhlangano ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zezimboni ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene yezomnotho. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezivelele zezimboni e-Afghanistan: 1. I-Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI): I-ACCI iyinhlangano ehamba phambili emele izinkampani ezizimele futhi ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho nentuthuko e-Afghanistan. Ihlinzeka ngamasevisi nokusekelwa emabhizinisini, okuhlanganisa nokunxenxa izinguquko zenqubomgomo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.acci.org.af/ 2. I-Afghanistan Women’s Chamber of Commerce and Industry (AWCCI): I-AWCCI igxile ekwesekeni osomabhizinisi besifazane nosomabhizinisi besifazane e-Afghanistan, ihlinzeka ngoqeqesho, ukweluleka, amathuba okuxhumana, kanye nokumela amalungelo abo emphakathini wamabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi https://www.awcci.af/ 3. I-Afghan-American Chamber of Commerce (AACC): I-AACC ikhuthaza ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-Afghanistan ne-United States ngokusiza izinkampani zaseMelika ezifuna amathuba ebhizinisi e-Afghanistan kuyilapho futhi isekela amafemu ase-Afghan afuna ukungena emakethe yase-U.S. Iwebhusayithi http://a-acc.org/ 4. I-Federation of Afghan Craftsmen & Traders (IQINISO): IQINISO limele izingcweti, izingcweti, abadayisi, abathumeli bangaphandle/abangenisa kwamanye amazwe abahileleke emisebenzini yezandla yendabuko efana nokubaza, ukuluka amaragi, ukwenza ubucwebe, ukukhiqizwa kobumba njll., okuhloswe ngayo ukulondoloza amakhono endabuko ngenkathi kusiza imakethe ukufinyelela kuleli nakwamanye amazwe. 5.Afghanistan Builders Association (ABA): I-ABA imele izinkampani zokwakha ezibhekene namaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda njengezakhiwo zokuhlala; imigwaqo; amabhuloho; izakhiwo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi njll. I-6.Afghanistan Medical Association(AMA) yinhlangano emele ochwepheshe bezokwelapha okuhlanganisa odokotela, odokotela abahlinzayo, abahlengikazi, nabanye abasebenzela ukuhlinzeka ngezikhungo zezempilo kuyo yonke indawo yase-afghan. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi abenemba ngesikhathi sokubhala le mpendulo kodwa angase ashintshe noma abuyekezwe.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-Afghanistan, izwe elivalekile e-South-Central Asia, inamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile kumabhizinisi nakubatshalizimali. Naba abavelele abanama-URL ewebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) - iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yokuthuthukisa amathuba okutshala imali e-Afghanistan. Iwebhusayithi http://aisa.org.af/ 2. I-Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI) - inkundla emele amabhizinisi ase-Afghan abandakanyeka emikhakheni eyahlukene. Iwebhusayithi http://www.acci.org.af/ 3. I-Afghan-American Chamber of Commerce (AACC) - isekela ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-Afghanistan ne-United States. Iwebhusayithi: https://a-acc.org/ 4. I-Ejensi Yokukhuthaza Ukuthekelisa yase-Afghanistan (EPAA) - ezinikele ekukhuthazeni imikhiqizo yase-Afghan ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://epaa.gov.af/ 5. Umnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni, i-Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - umnyango kahulumeni ophethe izindaba eziphathelene nezohwebo. Iwebhusayithi https://moci.gov.af/en 6. I-Central Statistics Organisation (CSO) - inikeza idatha yezibalo ehlobene nomnotho, izibalo zabantu, kanye nolunye ulwazi olufanele mayelana ne-Afghanistan. Iwebhusayithi: https://cso.gov.af/ 7. Isikhungo Sokuhweba Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC) - Sinikeza izinsiza zokuthuthukisa amakhono okuthumela kwamanye amazwe phakathi kwamabhizinisi ase-Afghan ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi obuhlakani bezohwebo kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha amandla Iwebhusayithi http://www.intracen.org/itc/countries/afghanistan 8. Ibhange i-Da Afghanistan - Ibhange elikhulu lezwe elibhekele inqubomgomo yezimali, ukulawulwa kwamabhange, ukuzinza kwezinga lokushintshisana, njll., elihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zomkhakha wezezimali Iwebhusayithi: https://dab.gov.af/en/home Lawa mawebhusayithi asebenza njengezinkundla ezibalulekile zokufinyelela olwazini lwamathuba okutshala imali, imibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, izibalo zohwebo, imithethonqubo nezibuyekezo zezinqubomgomo kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana yemibuzo yebhizinisi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angaphansi kokushintshwa noma ukulungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi uqinisekise ukunemba kwazo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa lapho ungathola khona idatha yokuhweba ye-Afghanistan. Nazi ezinye izibonelo kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. Umnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni wase-Afghanistan: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni wase-Afghan inikeza ulwazi ngezinqubomgomo zezohwebo, imithethonqubo, kanye nezibalo. Ungafinyelela idatha yokuhweba ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.commerce.gov.af. 2. I-Afghanistan Central Statistics Organization (CSO): I-CSO inesibopho sokuqoqa nokushicilela ulwazi lwezibalo e-Afghanistan, okuhlanganisa idatha yohwebo. Ungathola izibalo ezihlobene nezohwebo kuwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.cso.gov.af. 3. I-International Trade Center (ITC): I-ITC inikeza ulwazi olubanzi oluhlobene nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise nokuhlaziywa kwezimakethe kanye nezibalo zohwebo zamazwe ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-Afghanistan. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.intracen.org ukuze ufinyelele kusizindalwazi. 4. Idatha Evuliwe Yebhange Lomhlaba: IBhange Lomhlaba linikeza ukufinyelela okuvulekile kudathasethi yalo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa komhlaba, ehlanganisa izibalo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe zamazwe ahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-Afghanistan. Ungahlola isizindalwazi ku-data.worldbank.org. 5. Isizindalwazi se-United Nations Comtrade: Isizindalwazi se-UN Comtrade siqukethe imininingwane enemininingwane yezibalo zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kokuthengiswayo kwamazwe amabili ezibikwe ngamazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise ne-Afghanistan. Finyelela kusizindalwazi ku-comtrade.un.org. Qaphela ukuthi amanye amawebhusayithi angadinga ukubhaliswa noma ukungena ngemvume ukuze afinyelele idatha enemininingwane noma izigaba ezithile zezinkundla zawo.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Afghanistan iyizwe elisathuthuka elise-Central Asia. Naphezu kwezinselelo ebhekene nazo, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Afghanistan. Nazi ezinye ezivelele: 1. I-Afghan Biz: Le nkundla ihlose ukuxhuma amabhizinisi ase-Afghan nabo bobabili abathengi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe nabaphakeli. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo namasevisi anhlobonhlobo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.afghanbiz.com 2. I-Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI): I-ACCI inengosi eku-inthanethi elungiselela ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi nebhizinisi phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Inikeza amathuba okuxhumana, imicimbi yezohwebo, nobudlelwano bebhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi: www.afghan-chamber.com 3. Afghanistani.com: Le nkundla ye-B2B igxile ekuphromotheni imikhiqizo eyenziwe abakhiqizi base-Afghan kubathengi abangaba abathengi emhlabeni jikelele. Ihlose ukukhulisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ephuma e-Afghanistan ngokuxhumanisa abakhiqizi basekhaya nezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.afghanistani.com 4. I-Eximgoat: Isebenza ngokukhethekile ekusizeni ukuthunyelwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, le nkundla ixhumanisa amabhizinisi ase-Afghanistan nabalingani bokuhweba bomhlaba wonke kuyo yomibili imisebenzi yohwebo yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Iwebhusayithi: www.eximgoat.com 5. I-eTrader Afghanistan: Idizayinelwe njengendawo yemakethe ye-elekthronikhi, i-eTrader Afghanistan yenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukukhombisa imikhiqizo yawo noma amasevisi, aseshe abahlinzeki noma abathengi, axoxisane ngamadili, futhi aphathe okwenziwayo ku-inthanethi. Iwebhusayithi: www.e-trader.gov.af 6. I-EasyMandi Kabul Market Platform (EKMP): Ithuthukiswe ngokukhethekile abakhiqizi bezolimo esifundazweni sase-Kabul, i-EKMP ivumela abalimi ukuthi badayisele imikhiqizo yabo ngqo kubathengisi noma kubathengisi bezitolo ngaphakathi kwedolobha ngohlelo lwe-inthanethi. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali. Lezi zinkundla ze-B2B zihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibalulekile kumabhizinisi ase-Afghan afuna amathuba okukhula ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe ngokwenza lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi abavela ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezifana nezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, izixazululo zobuchwepheshe njll. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lezi nkundla zifakwe ohlwini lapha ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholakalayo ngesikhathi sokubhala le mpendulo (March 2021), kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa njalo ukwethembeka kwazo, ukuhambisana, nesimo esibuyekeziwe ngaphambi kokuxhumana nazo.
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