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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Afuganisitani ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, gisangira imipaka na Pakisitani, Irani, Turukimenisitani, Uzubekisitani, Tajigistan, n'Ubushinwa. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 652.864 kandi ituwe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 32 bo mu moko atandukanye. Umurwa mukuru ni Kabul ikora ihuriro rya politiki n'ubukungu muri Afuganisitani. Igihugu gifite amateka akomeye kuva mu myaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi biturutse ku mico y'Abaperesi n'Abisilamu. Ryigeze kuba ihagarara rikomeye mumihanda yubucuruzi ya Silk Road. Imiterere ya Afuganisitani iratandukanye kandi yiganjemo imisozi hamwe n’abahindu Kush biganje mu karere rwagati. Ikirere kiratandukanye bitewe n'uburebure ariko muri rusange habaho icyi gishyushye n'imbeho ikonje. Ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Afuganisitani hamwe na kimwe cya kane cy’abaturage bacyo bakora ubuhinzi cyangwa ubworozi. Ibihingwa nyamukuru birimo ingano, ibigori, imbuto (nk'inzabibu n'amakomamanga), imbuto (nka almonde), hamwe n'ipamba. Igihugu gifite umutungo kamere harimo gaze gasanzwe, amakara, umuringa, amabuye y'icyuma, n'amabuye y'agaciro nka zeru. Icyakora, ibikorwa remezo byo gucukura ayo mikoro biracyatera imbere kubera impungenge z'umutekano zikomeje. Afuganisitani yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi mu mateka harimo ibitero by’ibihugu by’amahanga, ubutegetsi bw’abarwanyi b’abatalibani, n’amakimbirane akomeje.Nyamara, kuva aho ubutegetsi bw’abatalibani bwakuwe mu 2001, iki gihugu cyashyize ingufu mu guharanira umutekano, kubaka inzego, no gushyiraho imiyoborere ishingiye kuri demokarasi inkunga ituruka ku bafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa, Afuganisitani ikomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’imibereho, ubukungu, n’umutekano. Igipimo cy’ubukene kiri hejuru mu gihe kubona serivisi z’uburezi n’ubuvuzi bikomeje kuba bike cyane cyane ku bagore. Ibibazo by’uburinganire n’umugabo na byo biracyakomeza. Umuryango wa Afuganisitani uzwiho imigenzo gakondo y’amoko igira ingaruka imiterere ya societe, amategeko, amahame, n'imikorere y'imiyoborere mumiryango yose mugihugu. Mu gusoza, Afuganisitani ni igihugu gikungahaye ku mateka, imico itandukanye y’umuco, umutungo kamere, kandi kimaze gutera intambwe yo kwiyubaka no gutuza nyuma y’amakimbirane.Nyamara, ihura n’ibibazo byinshi mbere yo kugera ku mahoro arambye, iterambere, n’iterambere.

Imiterere y'ifaranga muri Afuganisitani irihariye. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Afuganisitani ni Afuganisitani (AFN). Ni ifaranga ryigihugu kuva 1925. Afgani imwe igabanijwemo 100 pul. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko Afuganisitani yahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu mu myaka yashize kubera ihungabana rya politiki n’amakimbirane akomeje. Agaciro ka afghani yahuye nihindagurika rikomeye nkigisubizo. Ku bijyanye n’ivunjisha, birashobora kugorana kubona amakuru nyayo kandi ahamye kubera imiterere ihindagurika yubukungu bwa Afuganisitani. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha n’ifaranga mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga gihindagurika kenshi, bigatuma bigora ubucuruzi n’abantu ku giti cyabo guhanura cyangwa gutegura uko bikwiye. Byongeye kandi, kubera impungenge z'umutekano no kutizera ibigo by'imari byaho, abantu benshi bakora ubucuruzi bakoresheje amadolari ya Amerika cyangwa andi mafaranga y’amahanga aho kwishingikiriza gusa kuri afgani. Iyi myitozo yiganje cyane mumijyi minini aho ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bubera. Muri make, ifaranga rya Afuganisitani rirangwa n’uruvange runini rw’ifaranga ry’igihugu (Afuganisitani Afuganisitani), ihindagurika ry’ivunjisha, gushingira ku mafaranga y’amahanga nk’amadolari y’Amerika mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, hamwe n’ibibazo rusange by’ubukungu bituruka ku guhungabana kwa politiki n’amakimbirane akomeje.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Afuganisitani ni Afuganisitani (AFN). Igipimo cy’ivunjisha hamwe n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi arashobora gutandukana, ntibishoboka rero gutanga amakuru yihariye adafite amakuru nyayo. Nyamuneka reba isoko yimari yizewe cyangwa ubaze abahindura ifaranga kubiciro byanyuma.

Afuganisitani, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yo hagati, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'umwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru igira uruhare runini mu muco wa Afuganisitani kandi ikubahirizwa n’abantu bo mu moko atandukanye ndetse n’amadini atandukanye. Dore bimwe mubiruhuko bizwi cyane muri Afuganisitani: 1. Nowruz: Nowruz yerekana umwaka mushya wa Afuganisitani kandi wizihizwa ku ya 21 Werurwe. Ni umunsi mukuru wa kera w'Abaperesi usobanura kuvuka ubwa kabiri no kuvugurura. Abanya Afganistan bizihiza uyu munsi bategura ibirori birambuye, gusura umuryango n'inshuti, guhana impano, no kwitabira imiziki gakondo n'imbyino. 2. Umunsi wubwigenge: Bizihijwe ku ya 19 Kanama, Umunsi wubwigenge wibukije ubwigenge bwa Afuganisitani ku butegetsi bw’Abongereza mu 1919. Kuri uyu munsi, ibirori bitandukanye by’umuco bibera mu gihugu hose hamwe na parade yerekana amabara y’ibendera ry’igihugu cya Afuganisitani - imbyino z'umukara, umutuku, icyatsi - ibitaramo bya muzika byerekana gukunda igihugu. 3. Eid al-Fitr: Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye y’abayisilamu ku isi ni Eid al-Fitr cyangwa "Umunsi mukuru wo kwisonzesha." Iri serukiramuco rirangiza Ramazani (igihe cyo kwiyiriza ukwezi) hashingiwe ku kwizihiza ukwezi kwa kisilamu. Muri Afuganisitani, imiryango iraterana ngo basangire amafunguro y'ibirori hamwe bambaye imyenda mishya nk'ikimenyetso cyo kwizihiza. 4. Eid al-Adha: Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye w’abayisilamu wizihizwa ku isi yose ni Eid al-Adha cyangwa "Umunsi mukuru w’ibitambo." Uyu munsi mukuru wubaha ubushake bwa Ibrahim bwo gutamba umuhungu we nkigikorwa cyo kwizera ariko amaherezo agatamba itungo aho kubitegekwa nImana. Abanya Afganistan bizihiza uyu munsi batanga amasengesho ku misigiti bakurikirwa no gusangira inyama z’amatungo y’ibitambo hamwe n’umuryango hamwe n’abatishoboye. 5.Umunsi w’igihugu / Umunsi w’impinduramatwara (28 Mata): Uyu munsi mukuru w’igihugu wibutse ihirikwa rya Mohammad Daoud Khan mu 1978 ryatumye ubutegetsi bw’abakomunisiti mbere yo guha igitero simusiga cy’Abasoviyeti mu Kuboza 1979. Kuva icyo gihe turabona uburyo iterabwoba ry’abasivili ryahinduye politiki na Afuganisitani. , kandi agahatira miliyoni mu buhungiro imburagihe. Afuganisitani yizihiza uyu munsi hamwe n’imurikagurisha, ibirori by’umuco ndetse n’umuriro. Iyi ni mike mu minsi mikuru ikomeye yizihizwa muri Afuganisitani. Iyi minsi mikuru ifite akamaro gakomeye mu muco, mu idini, no mu mateka ku Banyafuganisitani, kwimakaza ubumwe, kwizihiza umunezero, no kwishimira igihugu mu baturage bayo.

Afuganisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe n’ubukungu butandukanye bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi n’umutungo kamere. Icyakora, kubera imyaka myinshi y’amakimbirane n’imidugararo ya politiki, imiterere y’ubucuruzi ikomeje kuba ingorabahizi. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Afuganisitani birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'imbuto zumye (cyane cyane imizabibu), imbuto nshya (harimo amakomamanga n'imbuto), imbuto (nka pisite na almonde), n'ubwoya. Igihugu kandi gifite ububiko bunini bw'amabuye y'agaciro nk'umuringa, ubutare bw'icyuma, zahabu, lithium, na gaze gasanzwe. Ku rundi ruhande, Afuganisitani yishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye nk'ibiribwa (ingano n'isukari), ibikomoka kuri peteroli bikenera ingufu, imashini mu mishinga iteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, imiti y’inganda, imiti igamije ubuvuzi, ibinyabiziga bikenerwa mu bwikorezi. Umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye ba Afuganisitani ni abaturanyi ba Pakisitani. Ni inzira nyabagendwa ihuza Afuganisitani n’amasoko yisi yose ku cyambu cya Karachi. Abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Ubuhinde, Irani, Ubushinwa-Kazakisitani-Turukimenisitani umuhanda wa gari ya moshi unyura ku mupaka wa Hairatan. Guverinoma ya Afuganisitani yashyize ingufu mu kuzamura ubucuruzi bw’igihugu mu gushyira umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga nka protocole y’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi mu 2016. Byongeye kandi; igamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga binyuze muri gahunda zitanga imisoro no koroshya inzira za bureucratique. Ariko; imbogamizi zitandukanye zibangamira iterambere ry’ubucuruzi muri Afuganisitani harimo n’ibikorwa remezo bidahwitse nk’imiyoboro idahagije ituma ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigorana. Byongeye kandi; ruswa ikomeje kuba ikibazo cyibikorwa byombi bitumizwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’impungenge z’umutekano zigira ingaruka ku kwambuka imipaka bigira uruhare mu gutinda & amafaranga y’inyongera agabanya guhangana ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gusoza; Afuganisitani ihura n’inzitizi zikomeye mu bucuruzi bwayo kubera amakimbirane akomeje & ihungabana rya politiki bihungabanya iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ingamba zinyuranye. Guverinoma yiyemeje kunoza imiterere ariko isaba gukomeza gushyigikirwa n’umuryango w’isi kugira ngo igere ku iterambere rirambye ry’ubukungu ryagaragajwe n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ingamba

Afuganisitani ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yo Hagati no mu majyepfo, gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 38. N’ubwo duhura n’ibibazo byinshi nk’umutekano muke wa politiki, impungenge z’umutekano, n’ibikorwa remezo bidahwitse, Afuganisitani ifite ubushobozi butagereranywa ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi byerekana ko Afuganisitani yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga biri mu mutungo kamere wacyo. Igihugu kizwiho kubika gaze gasanzwe, peteroli, amakara, umuringa, zahabu, amabuye y'agaciro, n'andi mabuye y'agaciro. Gucukumbura neza no gukoresha neza umutungo birashobora gushishikariza ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) no kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Usibye umutungo kamere, Afuganisitani ifite amateka maremare y’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi. Ubutaka burumbuka hamwe nikirere cyiza byorohereza guhinga ibihingwa bitandukanye birimo ingano, ibigori, sayiri, imbuto nkinzabibu namakomamanga, hamwe nibicuruzwa nka saffron. Mugushira mubikorwa ubuhinzi bugezweho no kunoza ibikorwa remezo nyuma yisarura nkibikoresho byo gupakira cyangwa iminyururu ikonje - igihugu gishobora kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ubukorikori bwa Afuganisitani bwamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera umwihariko wabo n'ibishushanyo mbonera. Ibitapi byiza, imyenda gakondo (nk'imyenda idoze), ububumbyi, ibiti, imitako, ibicuruzwa by'uruhu, ibitambaro ， n'imyenda bitanga amahirwe menshi yo kohereza igihugu mu mahanga. Kugira ngo ubwo bucuruzi bushoboke, hakenewe ingamba zo kurushaho guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo - cyane cyane imiyoboro itwara abantu nk'imihanda 、 gari ya moshi 、 n'ibyambu - kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishobore gutwarwa neza mu gihugu cyangwa byoherezwa mu mahanga。 Byongeye kandi ， gushyira ingufu mu guharanira umutekano wa politiki urance umutekano w’umutekano uva mu bikorwa by’inyeshyamba measures hamwe n’ingamba zo kurwanya ruswa bizatera abashoramari icyizere bizagira uruhare mu gushakisha icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ndetse kurushaho. Kubaka umubano w’ibihugu byombi ku masoko yo mu karere na byo ni ingenzi cyane mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga bwa Afuganisitani bitewe n’ahantu haherereye h’akarere ka Aziya yepfo na Aziya yo hagati。 Gutezimbere amasezerano y’ubucuruzi asanzweho n’ibihugu bituranye nka Pakisitani 、 Ubuhinde 、 Irani, na Uzubekisitani bizafungura inzira nshya Afuganisitani abacuruzi gushiraho ubufatanye burambye no kwagura isoko. Mu gusoza, Afuganisitani ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu bijyanye no guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga。 Mu gukoresha neza umutungo kamere, kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukorikori, guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, kubungabunga umutekano no gushyiraho ubufatanye bukomeye mu karere, igihugu gishobora gufungura ubushobozi butarigeze bukoreshwa no kuzamura ubukungu iterambere binyuze mu kongera amahirwe yo kohereza hanze.

Iyo usuzumye ibicuruzwa byacuruzwa ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Afuganisitani, ni ngombwa kwibanda ku bintu bihuye n’ibyo igihugu gikeneye kandi gikunda. Dore bimwe mubyifuzo byo kugurisha bishyushye mumasoko yubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga ya Afuganisitani: 1. Ubuhinzi n’ibikomoka ku biribwa: Hamwe n’ubukungu bwiganjemo ubuhinzi, harakenewe cyane ibikomoka ku buhinzi nkimbuto nshya, imboga, imbuto (nka almonde na pisite), isafuriya, nibirungo. Ibicuruzwa byemewe na halal byemewe cyane. 2. Imyenda: Hano harakenewe cyane imyenda nkimyenda gakondo ya Afuganisitani (nka perahan tunban) ikozwe nimyenda yaho n'ubukorikori. Byongeye kandi, imyenda nk'itapi, itapi, shaweli, ibitambara bikozwe mu bwoya cyangwa mu budodo birashobora gukundwa cyane kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. 3. Ibikoresho byubwubatsi: Mugihe Afuganisitani ikomeje kubaka ibikorwa remezo byayo, ibikoresho byubwubatsi nka sima, utubari twibyuma, amabati / marble / granite ikoreshwa mubutaka cyangwa gutwikira inkuta bifite amahirwe menshi kumasoko. 4. Ubukorikori: Ubukorikori bwa Afuganisitani bukundwa cyane haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga kubera ibishushanyo byabo bidasanzwe n'ubukorikori. Ibintu nkibibumbano / ububumbyi (bukozwe hakoreshejwe tekinike gakondo), ibiti / ibishushanyo / ibikoresho byo mu biti bya waln cyangwa ibiti bya tuteri birashakishwa cyane. 5. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: Afuganisitani ifite amabuye y'agaciro menshi arimo ubutare bw'umuringa / ingots / nuggets / bilet / alloys / amasahani / impapuro / imirongo / insinga mu zindi nyinshi zishobora koherezwa hanze hashingiwe ku mategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. 6 ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. 7.Ibikoresho by'Urwego rw'Ingufu - Bitewe n'imbaraga ziyongera mu nganda mu nzego z'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu / ibikoresho / ibikoresho (izuba / umuyaga / biyogazi) bifite ubushobozi bwiza. 8. Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi: Ibisabwa kubintu bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, ibikoresho byo mu rugo nka firigo, televiziyo, na sisitemu y’amajwi biriyongera cyane mu baturage bo mu mijyi. 9. Serivisi z'uburezi: Gutanga e-kwiga ibisubizo byuburezi bwa kure mubice aho amashuri ari make birashobora kuba amahirwe yubucuruzi. Wibuke gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko no gusesengura ibyifuzo byabaguzi buri gihe. Gutezimbere imiyoboro ikomeye yo gukwirakwiza no guhuza ibyifuzo by’umuco byaho bizafasha kumenyekanisha isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Afuganisitani.

Afuganisitani ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yepfo kizwiho umurage ndangamuco gakondo n'amateka y’imivurungano. Ku bijyanye no gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira muri Afuganisitani, ingingo nyinshi zingenzi zigomba gutekerezwa. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Kwakira abashyitsi: Abanya Afuganisitani bazwiho kwakira abashyitsi no gutanga ku bashyitsi. Birasanzwe ko batumira abashyitsi murugo rwabo bagatanga icyayi cyangwa ibiryo. 2. Umubano ukomeye wabaturage: Abanyafganistan bafite imyumvire ikomeye yumuryango nindangagaciro zumuryango. Gufata ibyemezo akenshi bikubiyemo kugisha inama abasaza cyangwa gusaba uruhushya abagize umuryango. 3. Kubaha ubutware: Muri rusange abanya Afganistan bubaha cyane abayobozi, nk'ababyeyi, abayobozi b'amadini, n'abayobozi ba leta. 4. Agaciro gakondo: Imigenzo gakondo ihabwa agaciro cyane muri Afuganisitani, harimo ururimi, imyambarire (nk'imyambarire gakondo ya Afuganisitani), umuziki, imbyino nka Attan, n'imihango y'idini. Kirazira z'umuco: 1. Iyobokamana: Islamu niryo dini ryiganje muri Afuganisitani rifite imigenzo ikaze y’amadini ikurikirwa n’abaturage benshi. Ni ngombwa kubahiriza ibyo bizera no kwirinda imyitwarire iyo ari yo yose itubaha abanyamadini cyangwa abanyamadini. 2. Inshingano z'uburinganire: Uruhare rw'uburinganire rwiganje muri sosiyete ya Afuganisitani; abategarugori bategerejweho kubahiriza imyambarire yoroheje hamwe nibyifuzo bya societe bijyanye nimyitwarire. 3. Umwanya wihariye: Guhuza umubiri hagati yabagabo nabagore badafitanye isano birashobora kubonwa nabi keretse bitangijwe numuntu mudahuje igitsina mugihe gikwiye. 4.Rinda kuganira ku ngingo zitavugwaho rumwe nka politiki cyangwa ibibazo byoroshye bijyanye n'imigenzo yaho bishobora guteza amakimbirane mu mibereho. Ni ngombwa kwegera imikoranire yubucuruzi no gukangurira umuco wa Afuganisitani mugihe uzirikana ibyo biranga na kirazira kugirango hatagira uwo ubabaza umuntu utabishaka.

Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo muri Afuganisitani igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kurinda imipaka y’igihugu. Mu rwego rwo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa n’abantu binjira cyangwa bava muri Afuganisitani, inzira n’amabwiriza bishyirwa mu bikorwa kuri bariyeri. Icyambere, abashyitsi binjira muri Afuganisitani bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe na viza ikwiye. Nibyiza kugenzura ibyangombwa bya viza biheruka mbere yo kujya muri Afuganisitani kuko bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwenegihugu n'intego yo gusura. Abagenzi barashobora kandi gusabwa kuzuza urupapuro rwabugenewe bahageze. Ku mipaka, imizigo yose igomba kugenzurwa na gasutamo. Ni ngombwa ko abagenzi batangaza ibintu byose bikeneye kwitabwaho cyane nk'imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa amafaranga menshi. Kutabikora birashobora kuviramo kwamburwa cyangwa ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko. Afuganisitani ikoresha imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze hashingiwe kuri gahunda y’ibiciro. Ibicuruzwa byose byinjira cyangwa biva mu gihugu birashobora gusoreshwa keretse bisonewe mu mabwiriza yihariye. Niyo mpamvu, ari ngombwa ko abantu bagize uruhare mu bucuruzi na Afuganisitani bakurikiza aya mabwiriza kandi bagatangaza neza ibicuruzwa byabo mu gihe cyo gukuraho ibicuruzwa. Iyo kohereza ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa ibihangano ndangamuco biva muri Afuganisitani, abagenzi basabwa n amategeko kubona ibyangombwa nkenerwa ninzego zibishinzwe mbere. Kwohereza mu mahanga mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko ibyo bintu bishobora kuvamo ibihano bikomeye. Byongeye kandi, birakwiye ko tumenya ko ingamba z’umutekano ku birindiro bya gasutamo ya Afuganisitani zikaze kubera iterabwoba rishobora guterwa n’ibikorwa bya magendu n’impungenge z’iterabwoba mu karere. Abagenzi bagomba gufatanya byimazeyo nabakozi ba gasutamo mugihe cyigenzura kandi bagakurikiza amabwiriza neza nta kurwanywa. Mu gusoza, abategura ingendo cyangwa kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Afuganisitani bagomba kwitondera ibisabwa muri gahunda z’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo zirimo kuba bafite viza ikwiye, gutangaza ibintu bibujijwe iyo binjiye / basohoka mu gihugu neza, kubahiriza amategeko agenga imisoro yerekeye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, no kubahiriza hamwe nubugenzuzi bwakozwe hifashishijwe igenzura ryabigenewe bitewe nibikorwa byibikorwa byiterabwoba muri kano karere mugihe twibuka ko ibintu byagaciro byakozwe nibikorwa byumuco ndangamuco bikenewe byongeweho ibyangombwa byemewe byoherezwa hanze.

Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Afuganisitani igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ubucuruzi no kwinjiza igihugu. Guverinoma ishyiraho amahoro kuri gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga hashingiwe ku byiciro byabo bitandukanye. Igipimo rusange cy’amahoro yatumijwe muri Afuganisitani ni 2,5%, usibye ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bifite igipimo kiri hejuru. Nyamara, ibintu bimwe byingenzi nkibiryo, imiti, n’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu buhinzi bisonewe imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo biboneke ku giciro cyiza. Usibye amahoro y'ibanze yatumijwe mu mahanga, Afuganisitani ikoresha imisoro n'amahoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe. Kurugero, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) wa 10% usoreshwa kubintu byiza bitumizwa mu mahanga nkimodoka na elegitoroniki. Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu no kurinda inganda zaho, Afuganisitani kandi ishyiraho imisoro yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa biri munsi y’igiciro cy’umusaruro cyangwa kugurishwa ku giciro gito kidakwiye, bifasha gukumira irushanwa ridakwiye ku masoko y’amahanga. Byongeye kandi, Afuganisitani yashyizeho amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bituranye nka Irani na Pakisitani binyuze mu gutanga imisoro yagabanijwe cyangwa ikurwaho ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo biteze imbere ubucuruzi bw’akarere. Twabibutsa ko uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo bugira uruhare runini mugukurikiza iyi politiki yimisoro. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigomba kunyura mu kugenzura ibyangombwa aho abashinzwe za gasutamo basuzuma agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga hagamijwe gusoresha. Mu gusoza, politiki y’imisoro itumizwa muri Afuganisitani ikubiyemo igipimo rusange cy’amahoro ya 2.5% hamwe no gusonerwa ibintu byingenzi. Imisoro yinyongera nka TVA irashobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa byiza mugihe ingamba zo kurwanya ibicuruzwa zirengera inganda zaho. Amasezerano yubucuruzi yibanze arahari nibihugu duturanye kugirango byorohereze ubucuruzi bwakarere.

Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Afuganisitani igamije gushyigikira no guteza imbere ubukungu bwayo binyuze mu gusoresha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Igihugu ahanini gishingiye ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi, amabuye y'agaciro, n'umutungo kamere byoherezwa mu mahanga, hibandwa ku kongera amafaranga mu gihe hajyaho ubucuruzi bunoze. Mu mategeko ya Afuganisitani, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga basabwa kwishyura imisoro yihariye bitewe n'ubwoko bwoherezwa mu mahanga. Iyi misoro ifasha kwinjiza leta no gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo na serivisi rusange. Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi nkimbuto, imboga, imbuto, nipamba bikunze guhura n’imisoro mike cyangwa gusonerwa kugirango bashishikarize ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no guhangana ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Izi ngamba zigamije kuzamura uruhare rw’ubuhinzi mu bukungu bwa Afuganisitani mu rwego rwo guteza imbere icyaro. Ku rundi ruhande, amabuye y'agaciro nk'amabuye y'umuringa, amabuye y'agaciro nka zeru cyangwa lapis lazuli, amakara, gaze gasanzwe cyangwa ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri rusange bitanga imisoro myinshi kubera agaciro k’ubukungu gakomeye. Gushyira mu bikorwa igipimo cy’imisoro cyiyongera bifasha kwemeza ko ibyo bikoresho bifite akamaro bigamije kubaka igihugu no kubungabunga ubukungu burambye burambye. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko abategetsi ba Afuganisitani basubiramo buri gihe iyi politiki y’imisoro bashingiye ku masoko ndetse n’ibyingenzi by’igihugu. Iri vugurura rigamije gushyira mu gaciro hagati yo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe byinjiza amafaranga ahagije mu bikorwa bya leta. Muri rusange, Afuganisitani ishimangira imikorere y’ubucuruzi iboneye ihuza n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga muri politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ikigamijwe ntabwo ari ukuzamura amafaranga gusa ahubwo no guharanira amahirwe angana yo kugera ku isoko no guhatanira isi ku buryo buhuye n’ingamba zirambye z’ubukungu.

Afuganisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yepfo, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe zifite amateka yo gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye haba mu gihugu ndetse n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Mu rwego rwo kurinda ubuziranenge n'umutekano ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Afuganisitani yashyizeho uburyo bwo kwemeza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Afuganisitani gikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gukurikiza. Ubwa mbere, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kwandikisha ubucuruzi bwabo mu rugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Afuganisitani (ACCI). Ubu buryo bwo kwiyandikisha bufasha kugenzura no gukurikirana ibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Icya kabiri, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze basabwa kubona ibyemezo bitandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bifuza kohereza hanze. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bisaba ibyemezo bya phytosanitarite byatanzwe na minisiteri y’ubuhinzi, kuhira, n’ubworozi (MAIL). Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima bw’udukoko n’indwara. Byongeye kandi, ku bicuruzwa byakozwe na Afuganisitani nk'imyambaro cyangwa ubukorikori bushaka kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ko ari ukuri cyangwa inkomoko yabo, abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barashobora gusaba icyemezo cya Geografiya (GI). Icyemezo cya GI kigenzura ko ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga ibicuruzwa biterwa n’inkomoko yabyo muri Afuganisitani. Byongeye kandi, inganda zimwe zishobora kandi gusaba ibyemezo byujuje ubuziranenge kugirango zerekane ko zubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye ya tekiniki cyangwa ibipimo byashyizweho n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Izi mpamyabumenyi ni gihamya yerekana ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga byujuje ibyangombwa by’umutekano bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge cyangwa ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije. Ubwanyuma, mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yumupaka wa Afuganisitani, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kuzuza inzira za gasutamo kuri bariyeri aho usanga inyandiko nka fagitire z’ubucuruzi n’urutonde rw’ibipapuro bisuzumwa neza n'abashinzwe za gasutamo. Mu gusoza, ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu gutuma ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Afuganisitani byujuje ubuziranenge ku isi. Binyuze mu kwiyandikisha neza muri ACCI no kubona ibyemezo bifatika nka phytosanitarite cyangwa icyemezo cya GI niba bishoboka), abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Afuganisitani batanga umusanzu mu kubaka ikizere mubaguzi mpuzamahanga mugihe bazamura ibicuruzwa byabo byakorewe mu mahanga.

Afuganisitani, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, kizwiho ubutayu bukomeye ndetse n'amateka akomeye y'umuco. N’ubwo imbogamizi ziterwa n’umutekano muke wa politiki ukomeje guhangayikishwa n’umutekano, haracyari inzira zitandukanye za serivisi z’ibikoresho mu gihugu. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Afuganisitani, bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane ni imizigo yo mu kirere. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Hamid Karzai i Kabul gikora nk'ibanze byinjira mu mizigo mpuzamahanga. Amasosiyete menshi y’imizigo nka DHL, FedEx, na UPS akora ingendo zisanzwe muri Afuganisitani, byorohereza ibikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga neza. Mugihe ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bishobora kuba bihenze, bitanga ibihe byihuta kandi birakwiriye cyane cyane kubyoherejwe nigihe cyangwa byoherejwe cyane. Kubicuruzwa binini cyangwa ibicuruzwa byinshi, ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja birashobora kuba amahitamo meza. Kugenda unyuze mubihugu bituranye nka Irani cyangwa Pakisitani birashobora gusabwa bitewe n'inkomoko cyangwa aho imizigo igana. Icyambu cya Karachi muri Pakisitani gikunze gukoreshwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa bigenewe Afuganisitani binyuze mu bwikorezi bwo mu muhanda buva mu mijyi ihana imbibi na Pakisitani nka Peshawar cyangwa Quetta. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu muri Afuganisitani ubwayo, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda bugira uruhare runini kubera ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi. Amasosiyete atwara amakamyo yo mu karere atanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu mu ntara zitandukanye mu gihugu. Nyamara, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka z'umutekano zijyanye ningendo zo mumuhanda no gukoresha abatanga serivise zizewe bafite ubumenyi bwimbaraga zakarere. Byongeye kandi, hari ingamba zigaragara zigamije guteza imbere imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi ihuza ibihugu bituranye nka Uzubekisitani na Turukimenisitani kugira ngo byorohereze inzira z'ubucuruzi zinyura muri Afuganisitani mu bihe biri imbere. Kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byinjira muri gasutamo byorohe kandi byubahirizwe n’amabwiriza y’ibanze iyo bitumiza ibicuruzwa muri Afuganisitani, gukoresha ibigo by’abashoramari ba gasutamo bizwi birashobora gufasha kuyobora inzira za biro. Muri rusange nubwo hari ibibazo bijyanye nibibazo byumutekano no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bigarukira; ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere binyuze ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kabul butanga uburyo bunoze bwo gukoresha ibikoresho mpuzamahanga mu gihe uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu bwo mu muhanda bujyanye no gukwirakwiza mu gihugu imbere. Ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze ku batanga ibikoresho bizwi mbere yo gukomeza ibyoherezwa muri Afuganisitani cyangwa hanze yacyo, hitabwa ku bintu nk'uburambe mu karere, ingamba z'umutekano, no kubahiriza amabwiriza y'inzego z'ibanze. Gukurikirana uko politiki imeze no kugisha inama abanyamwuga bamenyereye ibikoresho bya Afuganisitani kandi bishobora gufasha mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi neza muri iki gihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Afghanistan, located in Central Asia, offers various development channels and exhibitions for international buyers to engage in trade and business opportunities. This article will discuss some of the significant international procurement avenues and exhibitions in Afghanistan. 1. Kabul International Trade Fair: The Kabul International Trade Fair is one of the most prominent events in Afghanistan, attracting numerous international buyers seeking business opportunities within the country. This exhibition showcases a wide range of products such as textiles, machinery, electronics, construction materials, food products, and much more. It is an excellent platform for connecting with Afghan businesses and exploring potential partnerships. 2. Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI): The Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries plays a crucial role in promoting trade between Afghanistan and the rest of the world. It facilitates networking among local businesses while also providing information on export-import policies, market analysis reports, investment opportunities, etc. International buyers can connect with ACCI to identify reliable suppliers or explore potential collaborations. 3. Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoCI): The Ministry of Commerce & Industry is responsible for formulating trade policies aimed at stimulating economic growth through domestic production and foreign investments. International buyers can cooperate with MoCI to navigate legal procedures related to import-export licenses or gain insights into market trends. 4. Export Promotion Agency (EPAA): The Export Promotion Agency serves as a bridge between Afghan producers/exporters and international buyers/investors by promoting Afghan products worldwide through participation in various events like trade fairs/exhibitions outside Afghanistan or organizing buyer-seller meets within the country itself. 5. USAID Promote Program: USAID's Promote program focuses on economic empowerment initiatives for women entrepreneurs in Afghanistan who often face challenges regarding access to markets or resources required for business expansion. Through this program's networking events/seminars focused on women-led enterprises across different sectors such as agriculture/textiles/handicrafts/services – international buyers can identify potential partners while contributing to women's economic empowerment. 6. Agriculture Exhibitions: Afghanistan is known for its agricultural produce such as saffron, fruits, nuts, and spices. Therefore, agricultural exhibitions like the AgFair provide a platform for international buyers looking to procure high-quality Afghan agricultural products directly from local farmers and producers. 7. Natural Resource and Mining Exhibitions: Given Afghanistan's substantial deposits of natural resources like minerals such as copper, iron ore, and precious stones, exhibitions like the International MineExpo focus on highlighting investment opportunities in the mining sector. International buyers interested in sourcing raw materials or investing in mining projects can participate in these exhibitions. It is essential to note that due to security concerns or logistical challenges related to infrastructure development in Afghanistan, some exhibitions/events may have limited availability or fluctuating schedules. International buyers are advised to stay updated with reliable sources like embassy websites or trade association portals regarding upcoming events/exhibitions before planning their business visits. In conclusion, Afghanistan offers several significant international procurement channels through its trade fairs/exhibitions like the Kabul International Trade Fair and specific agencies/institutions such as ACCI or MoCI dedicated to promoting bilateral trade partnerships. By engaging with these platforms effectively, international buyers can explore diverse business opportunities across various sectors within this dynamic Central Asian nation.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Afuganisitani, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa ni izi zikurikira: 1. Google: Nka moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ku isi, Google ikoreshwa cyane muri Afuganisitani. Itanga ibisubizo byinshi kandi itanga verisiyo yibihugu byihariye. Inyandiko ya Afuganisitani irashobora kuboneka kuri www.google.com.af. 2. Bing: Yakozwe na Microsoft, Bing niyindi moteri ikoreshwa cyane muri Afuganisitani. Itanga uburyo bwo gushakisha kurubuga hamwe nibiranga amashusho no gushakisha amashusho. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri www.bing.com. 3. Yahoo: Nubwo itakunzwe nka Google cyangwa Bing, Yahoo iracyafite umwanya wo kwisoko rya moteri ishakisha Afuganisitani. Itanga serivisi zitandukanye nka imeri, amakuru, imari, kandi birumvikana ko gushakisha kurubuga nabyo. Inyandiko yacyo ya Afuganisitani irashobora kuboneka kuri www.yahoo.com.af. 4. Gushakisha AOL: AOL (Amerika Kumurongo) nayo ifite moteri yishakisha ikoreshwa nabakoresha interineti muri Afuganisitani kugirango bavumbure amakuru kurubuga. Urashobora kuyisanga kuri www.search.aol.com. 5 DuckDuckGo: Azwiho uburyo bushingiye ku buzima bwite bwo gushakisha kuri interineti udakusanyije amakuru bwite ku bakoresha, DuckDuckGo arimo kwamamara ku isi hose ndetse no muri Afuganisitani. Sura urubuga rwabo kuri www.duckduckgo.com. 6 Naver: Urubuga rwa interineti rwo muri Koreya yepfo rufite moteri ishakisha rukomeye rukora nk'imwe mu nzira nyamukuru zikoreshwa ku bakoresha Afuganisitani bakunda gushakisha gushingiye ku Banyakoreya cyangwa bashaka ibintu byo muri Aziya byo mu karere bijyanye na Koreya n'utundi turere bifitanye isano - bigerwaho binyuze kuri page yabyo. .com Izi nizo moteri zishakisha zisanzwe kandi zikoreshwa cyane muri Afuganisitani zitanga uburyo bwo kugera kurubuga rutandukanye rushingiye kubibazo byabakoresha ninyungu.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Afuganisitani, isoko y'ibanze kumpapuro z'umuhondo ahanini binyuze mububiko bwa interineti. Ububiko butanga amakuru yerekeye ubucuruzi, amashyirahamwe, n'abantu ku giti cyabo mu nzego zitandukanye mu gihugu. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkuru zumuhondo kurubuga rwa Afuganisitani: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo wa Kabul: Uru rubuga rutanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi i Kabul no mu yindi mijyi minini yo muri Afuganisitani. Irimo imirenge itandukanye irimo amahoteri, resitora, ibitaro, amashuri, amasosiyete yubwubatsi, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.kabulyellowpages.com 2. Af Bizan Biz: Afuganisitani Biz nubuyobozi bwa interineti butanga amakuru kubucuruzi bukorera muri Afuganisitani. Harimo ibyiciro nkubuhinzi, serivisi zimodoka, amabanki n’imari, ibigo byuburezi, ibigo byubukerarugendo nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.afghanbiz.com 3. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Arian kumurongo: Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Arian kumurongo nimwe mubuyobozi bwa mbere kumurongo wibanda kumurongo wubucuruzi nubucuruzi muri Afuganisitani. Itanga urutonde rwinganda zitandukanye nka serivise zitumanaho, abatanga ibicuruzwa / abatanga ibicuruzwa / abacuruza ibicuruzwa / serivisi zitandukanye nibindi. Urubuga: www.yellowpagesafghanistan.net 4. Manta Afuganisitani: Manta ni ububiko bwa interineti ku isi kandi bukora nk'urupapuro rw'umuhondo ruhuza ubucuruzi butandukanye ku isi harimo n'abakorera mu mbibi za Afuganisitani. Urubuga; www.manta.com/isi/Asia-na-Pacific/Afghanistan/ 5. Urupapuro rwumuhondo by EasyFind.af: EasyFind.af itanga igice kinini cyimpapuro z'umuhondo zirimo ibyiciro byinshi bifite urutonde rurambuye ruva mu turere dutandukanye muri Afuganisitani. Urubuga: www.easyfind.af/en/ Izi mbuga zitanga uburyo bwo gushakisha zemerera abakoresha kubona ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bakeneye hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye nka nimero za terefone cyangwa aderesi. Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka cyangwa kongerwaho igihe; nibyiza rero gusura urubuga rwabo kugirango ubone amakuru yukuri kandi agezweho kurupapuro rwumuhondo wa Afuganisitani.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Muri Afuganisitani hari urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi. Hano, nzashyiraho urutonde rwabo hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Isoko rya interineti rya Afuganisitani (www.afghanistanonlinemarket.com) Ihuriro ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Itanga umukoresha-wimbere hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyura bwizewe. 2. E-Ubucuruzi bwa Afuganisitani (afgcommerce.com) E-Ubucuruzi bwa Afuganisitani ni rimwe mu masoko akomeye kuri interineti muri Afuganisitani. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nkimyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byiza, nibikoresho bya siporo. 3. Kugura Kabul Kumurongo (www.kabulonlineshopping.com) Ihuriro ryemerera abakoresha kugura ibintu bitandukanye birimo imyenda, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo munzu, nibikoresho byigikoni. Itanga serivisi nziza zo gutanga mumijyi minini ya Afuganisitani. 4. Aryanbazaar (https://aryanbazaar.com/) Aryanbazaar ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwibanda ku gutanga ibicuruzwa nyabyo byo muri Afuganisitani nk'imitako, imyenda gakondo nk'imyenda ya Pashtun n'amakoti y'abagabo yitwa "Khet Partoog", ubukorikori bwakozwe n'abanyabukorikori baho. 5. BazarOnlineAfghanistan (https://bazaronlineafghanistan.com/) BazarOnlineAfghanistan ni urubuga rwo kugura kumurongo rutanga ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa nkimyambarire yimyambarire kubagabo nabagore harimo imyenda ikorerwa mu karere izwi ku izina rya "imyenda ya Afuganisitani," ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka terefone na tableti hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko urusobe rw’ibidukikije muri Afuganisitani rukomeje gutera imbere; Kubwibyo, imiterere yacyo irashobora guhinduka mugihe hamwe nabinjira bashya binjira kumasoko.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Afuganisitani n’igihugu gitandukanye gifite umuvuduko wa interineti wiyongera. Nubwo imbuga nkoranyambaga zitakwirakwira nko mu bindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe, haracyari imbuga nyinshi zizwi abantu bo muri Afuganisitani bakoresha mu guhuza no gusangira amakuru. Hano hari zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Afuganisitani, hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Nta gushidikanya ko Facebook ari urubuga nkoranyambaga ruzwi cyane ku isi, harimo na Afuganisitani. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, kwinjira mumatsinda cyangwa ibyabaye, no gukurikira page yamakuru. 2. Twitter (www. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi buzwi nka tweet ishobora gukundwa cyangwa gusangirwa nabandi. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi iherekejwe na capita na hashtags. Yamamaye cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Afuganisitani kubera kwerekana ibihangano byabo binyuze mu mashusho. 4. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn ni urubuga rwumwuga rukoreshwa cyane nabantu bashaka kwagura umwuga wabo. Ifasha abakoresha gukora imyirondoro yerekana amateka yabo nuburambe bwakazi mugihe uhuza nabakozi bakorana ninganda zitandukanye. 5. YouTube (www. 6. WhatsApp: WhatsApp itanga serivise zohererezanya ubutumwa hamwe no guhamagara amajwi no kuganira kuri videwo kubiganiro byumuntu umwe cyangwa ibiganiro mumatsinda kurubuga rwa interineti. 7. Viber: Bisa na WhatsApp ariko ntibigaragara cyane mubyamamare kurenza uwo bahanganye; Viber kandi itanga serivise zubutumwa nkubutumwa bwanditse hamwe no guhamagara amajwi mubikoresho bitandukanye binyuze kumurongo wa interineti. 8. Telegaramu: Telegramu izwiho gutanga ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubutumwa bwizewe mugihe ikoresha tekinoroji yo gushishoza kugeza ku ndunduro itanga ubuzima bwite. Abakoresha barashobora gukora imiyoboro cyangwa amatsinda kugirango basangire ubutumwa, amafoto, na videwo. Izi ni mbuga za mbuga nkoranyambaga zimaze kumenyekana muri Afuganisitani. Umuntu ku giti cye n’imiryango mu gihugu bakoresha iyi mbuga mu bikorwa bitandukanye uhereye ku itumanaho, imyidagaduro, gukoresha amakuru, guhuza imiyoboro, ndetse n’ibindi byinshi mu isi igenda ihuzwa.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Afuganisitani ifite amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye zubukungu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Afuganisitani: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Afuganisitani (ACCI): ACCI n’umuryango uyoboye uhagarariye abikorera kandi ugamije guteza imbere ubukungu n’iterambere muri Afuganisitani. Itanga serivisi ninkunga kubucuruzi, harimo no guharanira impinduka za politiki. Urubuga: http://www.acci.org.af/ 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Afuganisitani (AWCCI): AWCCI yibanze ku gutera inkunga ba rwiyemezamirimo b’abagore n’abagore b’abacuruzi muri Afuganisitani, gutanga amahugurwa, gutanga inama, amahirwe yo guhuza, no guharanira uburenganzira bwabo mu bucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.awcci.af/ 3. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi rwa Afuganisitani n’Amerika (AACC): AACC iteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi hagati ya Afuganisitani na Amerika mu gufasha amasosiyete y'Abanyamerika ashakisha amahirwe y’ubucuruzi muri Afuganisitani ari nako ashyigikira ibigo bya Afuganisitani bifuza kwinjira ku isoko ry’Amerika. Urubuga: http://a-acc.org/ 4. Ihuriro ry’abanyabukorikori n’abacuruzi bo muri Afuganisitani (FACT): FACT ihagarariye abanyabukorikori, abanyabukorikori, abacuruzi, abatumiza mu mahanga / abatumiza mu mahanga bakora umwuga w'ubukorikori gakondo nk'ububaji, kuboha imyenda, gukora imitako, gukora ubukorikori n'ibindi, bigamije kubungabunga ubumenyi gakondo mu gihe byorohereza isoko kwinjira mu gihugu no mu mahanga. 5.Ishyirahamwe ry’abubatsi ba Afuganisitani (ABA): ABA ihagarariye ibigo byubwubatsi bikora imishinga iteza imbere ibikorwa remezo nkinyubako zo guturamo; imihanda; ibiraro; ibikoresho byo gutanga amazi nibindi 6.Ishyirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi rya Afuganisitani (AMA) ni ishyirahamwe rihagarariye inzobere mu buvuzi zirimo abaganga, abaganga, abaforomo, n’abandi bakora mu rwego rwo gutanga ubuvuzi mu karere kose ka Afuganisitani. Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zari ukuri mugihe cyo kwandika iki gisubizo ariko zishobora guhinduka cyangwa kuvugururwa.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Afuganisitani, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo-Hagati, gifite imbuga nyinshi z’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi zitanga amakuru y’ingirakamaro ku bucuruzi n’abashoramari. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe gutera inkunga ishoramari muri Afuganisitani (AISA) - urubuga rwemewe rwo guteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari muri Afuganisitani. Urubuga: http://aisa.org.af/ 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Afuganisitani (ACCI) - urubuga ruhagarariye ubucuruzi bwa Afuganisitani bufite uruhare mu nzego zitandukanye. Urubuga: http://www.acci.org.af/ 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Afuganisitani n’Amerika (AACC) - rushyigikira ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi hagati ya Afuganisitani na Amerika. Urubuga: https://a-acc.org/ 4. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Afuganisitani (EPAA) - kigamije kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bya Afuganisitani ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: http://epaa.gov.af/ 5. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda, Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Afuganisitani - ishami rya leta rishinzwe ibibazo bijyanye n’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://moci.gov.af/en 6. Ishami rishinzwe ibarurishamibare (CSO) - ritanga amakuru y'ibarurishamibare ajyanye n'ubukungu, demokarasi, n'andi makuru ajyanye na Afuganisitani. Urubuga: https://cso.gov.af/ 7. International Trade Center (ITC) - Itanga ibikoresho byo kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri Afuganisitani binyuze mu bikoresho by’ubutasi by’ubucuruzi na gahunda zo kongerera ubushobozi Urubuga: https://www.intracen.org/itc/countries/afghanistan 8. Banki ya Afuganisitani - Banki nkuru y’igihugu igenzura politiki y’ifaranga, kugenzura amabanki, ihungabana ry’ivunjisha, n'ibindi, itanga ivugurura ry’urwego rw’imari Urubuga: https://dab.gov.af/en/urugo Uru rubuga rukora nkurubuga rwingenzi rwo kubona amakuru kumahirwe yishoramari, raporo yubushakashatsi bwisoko, imibare yubucuruzi, amabwiriza & ivugurura rya politiki kimwe namakuru arambuye kubibazo byubucuruzi. Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka cyangwa guhinduka mugihe; ni byiza rero kugenzura niba ari ukuri mugihe cyo gukoresha

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi ushobora gusangamo amakuru yubucuruzi muri Afuganisitani. Dore ingero zimwe hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Afuganisitani: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Afuganisitani rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, amabwiriza, n’imibare. Urashobora kubona amakuru yubucuruzi usura urubuga rwabo kuri www.commerce.gov.af. 2. Ishami rishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Afuganisitani (CSO): CSO ishinzwe gukusanya no gutangaza amakuru y'ibarurishamibare muri Afuganisitani, harimo n’ubucuruzi. Urashobora kubona imibare ijyanye nubucuruzi kurubuga rwabo kuri www.cso.gov.af. 3. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC): ITC itanga amakuru menshi ajyanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, harimo isesengura ry’isoko n’imibare y’ubucuruzi mu bihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Afuganisitani. Sura urubuga rwabo kuri www.intracen.org kugirango ubone ububikoshingiro. 4. Banki y'isi ifunguye amakuru: Banki y'isi itanga uburyo bweruye ku mibare y’iterambere ry’isi yose, ikubiyemo imibare mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi ku bihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Afuganisitani. Urashobora gushakisha ububikoshingiro kuri data.worldbank.org. 5. Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye bukubiyemo imibare irambuye y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byatangajwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye ku isi, harimo na Afuganisitani. Injira base base kuri comtrade.un.org. Menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa kwinjira kugirango ubone amakuru arambuye cyangwa ibice bimwe byurubuga rwabo.

B2b

Afuganisitani ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati. Nubwo hari ibibazo ihura nabyo, hariho urubuga rwa B2B rukorera muri Afuganisitani. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. Afganistan Biz: Uru rubuga rugamije guhuza ubucuruzi bwa Afuganisitani n’abaguzi bo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga ndetse n’abatanga ibicuruzwa. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga: www.afghanbiz.com 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Afuganisitani (ACCI): ACCI ifite umuyoboro wa interineti worohereza imikoranire hagati y’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi hagati y’abanyamuryango bayo. Itanga amahirwe yo guhuza ibikorwa, ibikorwa byubucuruzi, nubufatanye mubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.afghan-cyumba.com 3. Afuganisitani.com: Uru rubuga rwa B2B rwibanda ku kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’abakora Afuganisitani ku bashobora kugura ku isi. Igamije kuzamura ibicuruzwa biva muri Afuganisitani mu guhuza ibicuruzwa byaho n’amasoko mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: www.afghanistani.com 4. Eximgoat: Inzobere mu korohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no gutumiza mu mahanga, iyi porogaramu ihuza ubucuruzi bwa Afuganisitani n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi ku isi haba mu bucuruzi bw’imbere cyangwa hanze. Urubuga: www.eximgoat.com 5.Trader Afuganisitani: Yakozwe nk'isoko rya elegitoroniki, eTrader Afuganisitani ifasha ubucuruzi kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi, gushakisha abatanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa abaguzi, kuganira ku masezerano, no gucunga ibikorwa kuri interineti. Urubuga: www.e-trader.gov.af 6. Ihuriro ry’isoko rya EasyMandi Kabul (EKMP): Yatejwe imbere cyane cyane n’abakora ubuhinzi mu ntara ya Kabul, EKMP yemerera abahinzi kugurisha umusaruro wabo ku bacuruzi cyangwa abadandaza mu mujyi binyuze muri sisitemu yo kuri interineti. Urubuga: Ntibishoboka. Izi porogaramu za B2B zitanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubucuruzi bwa Afuganisitani bashaka amahirwe yo gutera imbere mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga byorohereza umubano hagati y’abaguzi n’abagurisha mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, ibisubizo by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibindi. Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe izi mbuga ziri kurutonde hano hashingiwe kumakuru aboneka mugihe cyo kwandika iki gisubizo (Werurwe 2021), ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe kwizerwa kwabo, akamaro, hamwe nuburyo bugezweho mbere yo kwishora hamwe nabo.