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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Iraki, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Iraki, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburengerazuba. Ihuza imbibi n’ibihugu byinshi birimo Turukiya mu majyaruguru, Irani mu burasirazuba, Koweti na Arabiya Sawudite mu majyepfo, Yorodani mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba, na Siriya mu burengerazuba. Hafi y’abaturage barenga miliyoni 40, Iraki ni igihugu gitandukanye gifite umurage gakondo. Umurwa mukuru wa Iraki ni Bagdad, ikaba ari ikigo cya politiki n'ubukungu by'igihugu. Icyarabu cyemewe nk'ururimi rwemewe rwa Iraki mu gihe Abanyakurdde na bo bafite umwanya wemewe mu karere ka Kurdistan. Abenshi mu baturage ba Iraki bakurikiza Islam kandi bigira uruhare runini mu guhindura umuco wabo n'imibereho yabo. Amateka ya Iraki yafatwaga nka Mesopotamiya cyangwa 'igihugu kiri hagati yinzuzi ebyiri' kubera aho gihagaze hagati yinzuzi za Tigiri na Efurate. Inzuzi zombi zagize uruhare runini mu gushinga ubuhinzi bwa Iraki zitanga ubutaka burumbuka mu buhinzi gakondo. Umusaruro wa peteroli ugize igice kinini cyubukungu bwa Iraki hamwe n’ibigega byinshi bituma uba umwe mu bakora peteroli ku isi. Usibye inganda zijyanye na peteroli nk'inganda zitunganya inganda cyangwa ibikomoka kuri peteroli, izindi nzego nk'ubuhinzi (ingano, sayiri), gucukura gaze karemano (hamwe na peteroli), ba mukerarugendo basura ahantu ha kera (nka Babuloni cyangwa Hatra) batanga umusanzu mu kwinjiza igihugu. Icyakora, ihungabana rya politiki ryatewe n’amakimbirane mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ryateje ibibazo bitandukanye muri Iraki nk’ihohoterwa ry’imitwe yigometse ndetse n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku madini hagati y’Abasuni n’Abashiya. Ibi bibazo byadindije ibikorwa by’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu gihe bigira ingaruka ku bumwe mu moko atandukanye atuye ku mipaka ya Iraki. Harimo gushyirwaho ingufu n’inzego z’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu ku nkunga y’imiryango mpuzamahanga yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo byangiritse mu gihe cy’intambara hamwe no guteza imbere gahunda yo kubaka amahoro hagamijwe umutekano urambye. Mu gusoza, Iraki nigihugu gitandukanye cyamoko gikungahaye mumateka giherereye muri Aziya yuburengerazuba. Nubwo ihura n’ibibazo biterwa n’amakimbirane yashize, ikomeje guharanira iterambere ry’ubukungu, kubungabunga umuco, n’ubumwe bw’igihugu.

Imiterere y’ifaranga rya Iraki irangwa no gukoresha cyane dinar yo muri Iraki (IQD). Dinar yo muri Iraki nifaranga ryemewe rya Iraki, ryashyizweho mu 1932 kugirango risimbuze amafaranga yu Buhinde igihe Iraki yabonaga ubwigenge. Ikimenyetso cya dinar ni "د.ع" cyangwa gusa "IQD." Banki nkuru ya Iraki, izwi nka Banki Nkuru ya Iraki (ସିବିଆଇ), igira uruhare runini mu gucunga no kugenzura ifaranga ry'igihugu. ସିବିଆଇ itanga kandi ikagenzura agaciro ka dinari yo muri Iraki, igaharanira umutekano muri gahunda y’imari. Kuva yatangizwa ariko, dinar yo muri Iraki yahuye n’imihindagurikire y’agaciro bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye by’ubukungu na politiki bigira ingaruka kuri Iraki. Amateka, mugihe cyamakimbirane cyangwa guhungabana kwa politiki, habayeho guta agaciro gukabije biganisha kuri hyperinflation. Kugeza ubu, hafi 1 USD ihwanye na 1,450 IQD. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyakomeje kuba gihamye mu myaka yashize hamwe n’imihindagurikire yoroheje mu bihe bisanzwe. Mu rwego rwo koroshya ibikorwa by’ifaranga no guteza imbere ubukungu mu isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu cya Iraki, amadini atandukanye akoreshwa mu nyandiko: 50 IQD, 250 IQD, 500 IQD, 1000 IQD ， nibindi kugeza kumadini yo hejuru harimo inoti ya vuba yatangijwe ifite agaciro ka 50k (ibihumbi 50) IQD. Ibicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi by’amahanga ahanini bishingiye ku madorari y’Amerika cyangwa ku yandi mafaranga akomeye mpuzamahanga kubera ko kutamenya neza umutekano n’umutekano bikomeje kugira ingaruka ku cyizere cy’abashoramari mu gukoresha amafaranga y’ibanze mu bucuruzi bunini. Mu gusoza, mu gihe Iraki ikoresha ifaranga ry’igihugu - dinar yo muri Iraki - mu bucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu buri munsi ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha gihamye ubu kijyanye n’ifaranga mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga nka USD; kwishingikiriza ku mafaranga y’amahanga byiganje mu bikorwa binini by’ubucuruzi bitewe n’impungenge zishingiye ku ihungabana ry’ubukungu n’ihungabana rya politiki.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Iraki ni Dinar yo muri Iraki (IQD). Kubijyanye n’igereranya ry’ivunjisha hamwe n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, dore imibare yerekana guhera muri Kanama 2021: 1 USD ≈ 1,460 IQD 1 EUR ≈ 1,730 IQD 1 GBP ≈ 2,010 IQD 1 JPY ≈ 13.5 IQD 1 CNY ≈ 225.5 IQD Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora gutandukana kandi nibyiza kugenzurwa nisoko yizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubiciro bigezweho.

Iraki ni igihugu gitandukanye kandi gikungahaye ku muco wizihiza iminsi mikuru ikomeye mu mwaka. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Iraki ni Eid al-Fitr, iranga Ramazani, ukwezi gutagatifu kwisonzesha ku Bayisilamu. Uyu munsi mukuru wizihizwa numunezero mwinshi nishyaka. Imiryango n'inshuti bateranira hamwe gusengera ku misigiti, guhana impano, no kurya amafunguro meza. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi muri Iraki ni Ashura, wizihizwa n'abayisilamu b'Abashiya mu rwego rwo kwibuka iyicwa rya Imamu Hussein, umwuzukuru w'intumwa Muhamadi. Nibihe bidasanzwe byuzuyemo imyigaragambyo, disikuru zerekeye igitambo cya Hussein ku butabera n'ukuri, ndetse n'imihango yo kwiyitirira. Iraki kandi yizihiza umunsi w’igihugu ku ya 14 Nyakanga - hizihizwa umunsi w’impinduramatwara igihe ubwami bwahirikwa ku butegetsi mu 1958. Kuri uyu munsi, abantu bishora mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo gukunda igihugu birimo parade, kwerekana imiriro, ibirori ndangamuco byerekana umurage ukungahaye wa Iraki. Byongeye kandi, abakristu bo muri Iraki bizihiza Noheri ku ya 25 Ukuboza bakurikije imigenzo yabo y'iburengerazuba. Umuryango wa gikirisitu uhurira hamwe mu masaha ya saa sita z'ijoro mu nsengero mu gihugu hose. Abakirisitu bo muri Iraki bahana impano muriyi minsi mikuru kandi bishimira amafunguro adasanzwe hamwe nababo. Byongeye kandi, umunsi mushya (1 Mutarama) ufite akamaro mu moko n'amadini mugihe abantu bizihiza berekana imiriro, ibirori cyangwa guterana hamwe n'umuryango n'inshuti. Twabibutsa ko iyi minsi mikuru yahinduwe kubera imidugararo ya politiki cyangwa ibibazo by’umutekano Iraki yahuye nabyo mu myaka yashize ariko ikaba igifite akamaro gakomeye ku baturage bayo bitabira imico itandukanye nubwo igihugu cyabo gifite ibibazo.

Iraki, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Iraki, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburengerazuba. Ifite ubukungu buvanze n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli nizo zingenzi mu kuzamura ubukungu n’amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Urwego rw'ubucuruzi rwa Iraki rufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwarwo. Igihugu cyohereza mu mahanga cyane cyane ibikomoka kuri peteroli na peteroli, bingana igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Iraki ifite kimwe mu bubiko bwa peteroli bwagaragaye ku isi kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu bitanga umusaruro ku isi. Usibye peteroli, Iraki kandi yohereza mu mahanga ibindi bicuruzwa nk'ibicuruzwa bivura imiti, ifumbire, amabuye y'agaciro (harimo umuringa na sima), imyenda, n'amatariki. Nyamara, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitari peteroli ugereranije ni bike ugereranije na peteroli yabo. Iraki ishingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, imashini, imodoka, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ibiribwa (nk'ingano), n'ibikoresho byo kubaka. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye batumiza mu mahanga barimo Turukiya, Ubushinwa, Irani, Koreya y'Epfo, UAE, na Arabiya Sawudite n'ibindi. Guverinoma yafashe ingamba zo gutandukanya ubukungu bwa Iraki iteza imbere urwego nk'ubuhinzi n'ubukerarugendo kugira ngo igabanye gushingira ku mavuta yinjira. Bashishikarije kandi ishoramari ry’amahanga batanga uburyo bwo kugabanya imisoro no gushyiraho uduce twihariye tw’ubukungu. Icyakora, imidugararo iherutse guterwa n’amakimbirane mu gihugu yagize ingaruka mbi ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi.Iraq ihura n’ibibazo bijyanye no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, amakimbirane ya gisirikare, ibiza by’ibiza, hamwe n’ihungabana rya politiki bibangamira ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.Ibi ibibazo bijyanye n’umutekano bikunze guhungabanya urunigi rutangwa, bigatuma ibiciro by’ibikoresho biri hejuru ku bacuruzi bo muri Iraki. Mu gusoza, Iraki yishingikirije cyane ku nganda zayo zikomoka kuri peteroli kugira ngo yinjize ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ariko iharanira guhindura ubukungu bwayo.Ibikorwa nk’umutekano wa politiki, ikirere cy’ishoramari, n’ingamba zihoraho zo kubaka ibikorwa remezo bizagira uruhare runini mu kuzamura iterambere rirambye mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Iraki.

Iraki iherereye mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nubwo ihura n’ibibazo nk’imidugararo ya politiki n’amakimbirane yo mu karere, Iraki ifite ibintu byinshi byiza bituma iba ahantu heza ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Iraki ifite umutungo kamere nka peteroli na gaze. Igihugu gifite kimwe mu bubiko bwa peteroli nini ku isi, kikaba gifite uruhare runini ku isi mu rwego rw’ingufu. Ibi biratanga amahirwe kumasosiyete yamahanga kwishora mubufatanye nibigo byaho cyangwa gushora imari mubikorwa bya peteroli. Icya kabiri, Iraki ifite isoko rinini ryabaguzi rifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 39. Byongeye kandi, hari urwego ruciriritse rugenda rwiyongera rushakisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Iri zamuka ryiyongera ritanga gufungura amasosiyete yamahanga mumirenge itandukanye nkibicuruzwa byabaguzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byimodoka, nubuvuzi. Icya gatatu, imbaraga zo kwiyubaka nyuma yintambara zirimo gushyiraho ingamba zingenzi ziterambere ryibikorwa remezo. Igihugu gikeneye ishoramari ryinshi mu nzego nk'imiyoboro itwara abantu (imihanda na gari ya moshi), sisitemu y'itumanaho (insinga za fibre optique), amashanyarazi (amashanyarazi), n'imishinga y'amazu. Amasosiyete y’amahanga azobereye mu bikoresho byubwubatsi cyangwa iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo arashobora gukoresha ayo mahirwe. Byongeye kandi, aho Iraki iherereye mu turere twa geografiya ni akarusho ku miyoboro mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi bitewe n’uko yegereye ibindi bihugu by’Ikigobe n’inzira zingenzi zanyuramo zihuza Aziya / Uburayi na Afurika. Iki gihugu gifite inzira ebyiri z’amazi - Ikigobe cy’Ubuperesi na Shatt al-Arab - cyemerera gutwara ibicuruzwa neza binyuze ku byambu. Icyakora ibyo byiringiro birashobora kuba; ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mugihe winjiye mumasoko yo muri Iraki nkuburyo bwa bureucratique bubangamira korohereza-gukora-urutonde rwubucuruzi cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye na ruswa bigira ingaruka kumucyo. Byongeye kandi; impungenge z'umutekano ziracyiganje mu turere tumwe na tumwe nubwo hari iterambere mu myaka yashize. Kwifashisha ubushobozi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Iraki; ababishaka bagomba gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwisoko ryihariye ryurwego rwabo rushimishije mugihe hubakwa umubano ukomeye nabafatanyabikorwa baho cyangwa abahuza bumva imikorere yubucuruzi mukarere.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Iraki, ni ngombwa gusuzuma icyo igihugu gikeneye muri iki gihe, ibyo gikunda, ndetse n’ubukungu bw’ubukungu. Dore ibintu bike ugomba kuzirikana: 1. Iterambere ry'Ibikorwa Remezo: Hamwe n'imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo ikomeje muri Iraki, hagenda hakenerwa ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi nka sima, ibyuma, n'imashini zubaka. 2. Urwego rw’ingufu: Urebye uko Iraki ihagaze nkimwe mu bihugu bitanga peteroli nini ku isi, hari amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bijyanye n’ingufu. Ibi birimo ibikoresho byo gukuramo amavuta no gutunganya. 3. Ubuhinzi: Urwego rwubuhinzi muri Iraki rufite ubushobozi bukomeye. Ibicuruzwa nkifumbire, sisitemu yo kuhira, imashini zihinga, n’imiti y’ubuhinzi irashobora kubona isoko ryiza hano. 4 5. Inganda zibiribwa: Hariho amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mubiribwa nkumuceri, ifu y ingano cyangwa izindi ngano kubera umusaruro muke murugo cyangwa ibyifuzo byiza. 6. Ibikoresho byita ku buzima: Ibikorwa remezo by’ubuzima muri Iraki bisaba ko bigezweho bigatanga uburyo bwo kohereza ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’ibikoresho birimo ibikoresho byo gusuzuma cyangwa ibikoresho byo kubaga. 7. Serivisi z'uburezi: Serivise zunganira amasomo nkurubuga rwo kwigira hifashishijwe ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byuburezi birashobora guhuza isoko ryuburezi rigenda ryiyongera mugihugu. 8. Ibisubizo by’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa: Hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha amasoko y’ingufu zirambye ku isi yose hamwe na gahunda zihariye za leta zijyanye n’imyubakire y’izuba ishobora kubyara ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba (bateri) hamwe n’ubujyanama bwo kwishyiriraho Kugirango ufate ibyemezo byuzuye mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa bibereye iri soko: a) Ubushakashatsi neza kubyerekeye amarushanwa yawe. b) Gusesengura amabwiriza yo gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga yashyizweho n'ibihugu byombi. c) Sobanukirwa n'umuco gakondo / ibyo ukunda mugihe utegura ingamba zo kwamamaza. d) Gushiraho umubano wizewe / ubufatanye nabagabuzi baho / abakozi bumva imbaraga ziki gice cyisoko Mugusuzuma ibyo bintu no gukora ubushakashatsi bwisoko ryakozwe kubijyanye nubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga bwa Iraki, umuntu arashobora gufata ibyemezo abimenyeshejwe neza mugihe ahitamo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri iri soko.

Iraki, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Iraki, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburengerazuba. Niho habamo amoko atandukanye n'amadini, bigira uruhare runini mubiranga abakiriya na kirazira. Abakiriya ba Iraki muri rusange bazwiho kwakira abashyitsi no gutanga. Bishimira cyane kwakira abashyitsi mu ngo zabo no mu bucuruzi. Gutanga icyayi cyangwa ikawa nkikimenyetso cyicyubahiro nibisanzwe mugihe uhuye numuntu bwa mbere. Abanya Iraki nabo bashima serivisi yihariye no kwitondera amakuru arambuye. Kubijyanye nubupfura bwubucuruzi, ni ngombwa kumva imyumvire yumuco yiganje muri Iraki. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ni ukubaha imigenzo n'imigenzo ya kisilamu mugihe ukora ubucuruzi. Kurugero, ni ngombwa kumenya ibihe byamasengesho kuko amanama cyangwa imishyikirano bishobora gukenera gutegurwa uko bikwiye. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Iraki nukwiyoroshya mumyambarire cyane cyane kubagore. Imyambarire yoroheje itwikiriye amaboko n'amaguru byaba byiza mugihe usuye ahantu gakondo. Ni ngombwa kandi kwegera ibiganiro witonze kandi ukirinda ingingo nka politiki, idini cyangwa ibintu byabayeho mu mateka keretse watumiwe na mugenzi wawe wo muri Iraki. Ibiganiro nkibi birashobora kuganisha ku mpaka zikaze cyangwa kubabaza imyizerere y'abakiriya bawe. Ubwanyuma, gusobanukirwa imipaka yumuntu kugiti cye ningirakamaro mugihe uhura nabakiriya ba Iraki. Mugihe intoki zisanzwe zikorwa hagati yabantu bahuje igitsina, ni ikinyabupfura kudatangiza imibonano mpuzabitsina numuntu mudahuje igitsina keretse barambuye ukuboko. Kumenya ibyo biranga abakiriya no gukurikiza kirazira z'umuco nko kubaha imigenzo ya kisilamu, kwambara mu buryo bworoheje, kwirinda ingingo zoroshye, no kuzirikana imipaka y’umwanya bwite mu gihe cyo gukorana na bagenzi babo bo muri Iraki bizagira uruhare runini mu kubaka umubano w’ubucuruzi muri Iraki.

Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo ya Iraki igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa n'abantu ku mipaka yarwo. Ikigo cya gasutamo mu gihugu gifite inshingano zo kubahiriza uburyo bwo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga, gukusanya imisoro ya gasutamo, no kurengera inyungu z’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Ubwa mbere, iyo binjiye cyangwa bava muri Iraki, abantu basabwa kwerekana ibyangombwa byinzira byemewe nka pasiporo cyangwa indangamuntu. Izi nyandiko zizasuzumwa neza kugirango hamenyekane niba ari ukuri kandi byemewe. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri Iraki, hakorwa igenzura rirambuye ku mupaka. Abakozi ba gasutamo basuzuma ibyo bintu kugira ngo bubahirize amategeko n'amabwiriza abigenga. Ibintu bimwe bibujijwe cyangwa bibujijwe nkintwaro, ibiyobyabwenge, ibicuruzwa byiganano, cyangwa ibihangano ndangamuco ntibigomba kwinjizwa mubutaka bwa Iraki nta burenganzira bubifitiye uburenganzira. Ku bijyanye n’imisoro, amahoro ya gasutamo akusanywa hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga hakurikijwe igipimo gikurikizwa n’amategeko ya Iraki. Abatumiza mu mahanga bakeneye kwerekana neza agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byabo no gutanga ibyangombwa bifasha iyo bisabwe n'ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. Byongeye kandi, abagenzi bagomba kumenya ko gutwara amafaranga menshi muri Iraki cyangwa hanze yayo bishobora gusaba kumenyekanisha neza no gusobanurwa mugihe uhageze / ugiye. Kudakurikiza ibyo bisabwa bishobora kuvamo ihazabu cyangwa kwamburwa umutungo. Ni ngombwa ko abashyitsi bamenyera amabwiriza yihariye yo gutumiza / kohereza muri Iraki mbere yo kujyayo. Kureba amakuru yemewe nkurubuga rwa ambasade kumakuru agezweho kubisabwa na viza, urutonde rwibintu bibujijwe / bibujijwe bizatuma kwinjira muri Irake neza mugihe wirinze ibihano bitari ngombwa cyangwa gutinda kuri bariyeri. Muri make, Iraki ikomeje kugenzura imipaka yayo binyuze mu buryo bunoze bwo gucunga ishyirwa mu bikorwa n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. Abagenzi bagomba kubahiriza inzira zose zikenewe mugihe bahageze / bahaguruka mugihe bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ajyanye no gutumiza / kohereza hanze kugirango uburambe bwinjira / busohoka muri iki gihugu.

Iraki ifite politiki yihariye y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ku bintu bimwe na bimwe nk’ibiribwa, ubuvuzi, n’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze, Iraki ubusanzwe itanga imisoro mike cyangwa nta bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo abaturage bayo babone kandi bihendutse. Ibi bikorwa mu rwego rwo gushyigikira imibereho myiza y’abaturage no gukomeza ibiciro bihamye ku isoko. Nyamara, kubicuruzwa byiza cyangwa ibintu bitari ngombwa, Iraki ishyiraho imisoro ihanitse yo gutumiza mu mahanga kugirango igabanye ibyo ikoresha kandi irinde inganda zaho guhangana n’amahanga. Igipimo nyacyo cy'imisoro kirashobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu nkicyiciro cyibicuruzwa, igihugu cyaturutse, n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati ya Iraki n’ibindi bihugu. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza mu mahanga babaza ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo ya Iraki cyangwa bagasaba ubuyobozi ku mpuguke z’umwuga kugira ngo bamenye neza igipimo cy’imisoro ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byihariye. Byongeye kandi, birakwiye ko tuvuga ko Iraki ishobora kandi kugira imisoro yinyongera cyangwa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe usibye imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Ibi bishobora kubamo amafaranga ya gasutamo, imisoro yongerewe agaciro (TVA), amafaranga yo kugenzura, nandi mafaranga yubuyobozi ajyanye no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Muri make, - Ibintu byingenzi muri rusange bifite imisoro mike cyangwa ntayo. - Ibicuruzwa bihenze bihura n’imisoro ihanitse. - Igipimo cyimisoro yihariye giterwa nimpamvu zitandukanye. - Amafaranga yinyongera ya gasutamo arashobora gukoreshwa usibye imisoro yatumijwe hanze. Nibyiza ko dukomeza kuvugururwa nimpinduka zose muri politiki yubucuruzi ya Iraki ukoresheje amasoko ya leta cyangwa kugisha inama inzobere mu mategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi.

Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Iraki igamije guteza imbere ubukungu, koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Igihugu ahanini gishingiye kuri peteroli nkibicuruzwa byacyo byoherezwa mu mahanga; icyakora, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitari peteroli nabyo bigira uruhare mubyoherezwa muri Iraki. Reka dusuzume byinshi muri politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Iraki: 1. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga: - Iraki itanga umusoro ku nyungu ku masosiyete akora peteroli akorera mu mbibi zayo. - Guverinoma ishyiraho ibiciro bitandukanye by'imisoro ishingiye ku bunini n'ubwoko bwa peteroli yakuwe cyangwa yoherezwa mu mahanga. - Iyi misoro igira uruhare runini mu gutera inkunga ibikorwa remezo rusange na gahunda z’imibereho myiza. 2. Ibicuruzwa bitari amavuta: - Ku bicuruzwa bitarimo peteroli, Iraki ishyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’imisoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA). - Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri rusange bisonewe umusoro ku nyongeragaciro hagamijwe gushishikariza ubucuruzi bw’amahanga no kuzamura irushanwa ku masoko y’isi. 3. Gutanga imisoro idasanzwe: - Guteza imbere inzego cyangwa inganda zihariye, guverinoma ya Iraki irashobora gutanga imisoro idasanzwe nko gutanga imisoro ku nyungu cyangwa kugabanya imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. - Izi nkunga zigamije gushimangira ishoramari, kuzamura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, no gutandukanya ubukungu kuruta gushingira gusa ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. 4. Inshingano z'umukiriya: - Iraki ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu; ariko, iyi misoro ntabwo igira ingaruka ku misoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. 5. Amasezerano yubucuruzi: - Nkumunyamuryango w’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi menshi yo mu karere nka GAFTA (Ubucuruzi bw’Abarabu Bukuru bw’Ubucuruzi), ICFTA (Isoko Rusange rya Islamu), n’amasezerano y’ibihugu byombi n’ibihugu bituranye, Iraki yunguka imisoro yagabanutse cyangwa zeru yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bimwe muri utwo turere. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko amakuru arambuye yerekeranye n’ibiciro by’imisoro ku bicuruzwa by’imisoro ashobora gutandukana bitewe n’iyi politiki rusange yashyizweho na guverinoma ya Iraki. Kubwibyo, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kugisha inama inzego zibishinzwe cyangwa gushaka inama zumwuga mugihe harebwa ingaruka zishobora gusoreshwa kubicuruzwa byabo.

Iraki ni igihugu cyo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati gifite ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe byo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Guverinoma ya Iraki ikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye kugira ngo ireme n'umutekano by'ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu. Mbere na mbere, amasosiyete yifuza kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Iraki agomba kubona uruhushya rwo gutumiza no kohereza muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi. Uru ruhushya rwemeza ko isosiyete yemerewe gukora ibikorwa byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Igikorwa cyo gusaba kirimo gutanga ibyangombwa bijyanye, nkicyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha muri sosiyete, nimero iranga imisoro, hamwe nicyemezo cya nyirubwite cyangwa ubukode bwamazu. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibicuruzwa byashyizweho n’ubuziranenge bwa Iraki n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge (ISQCA). Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye nkubuziranenge, umutekano, ibisabwa byanditse, hamwe nisuzuma rihuye. Isosiyete igomba gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge binyuze mu bizamini bya laboratoire cyangwa raporo y'isuzuma ryakozwe n'inzego zemewe. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bisaba ibyemezo byinyongera mbere yuko bifatwa nkibisabwa koherezwa hanze. Urugero: 1. Ibiribwa: Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubona icyemezo cyubuzima cyatanzwe na minisiteri yubuzima ya Iraki kivuga ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa by’isuku. 2. Imiti ya farumasi: Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yimiti bisaba kwiyandikisha mu ishami ry’ibikorwa bya farumasi muri Iraki hamwe n’inyandiko zindi zijyanye no gukora ibicuruzwa no gushyiramo ikimenyetso. 3. Ibintu bya shimi: Icyemezo cya mbere cyatanzwe na komisiyo rusange yubuziranenge bw’ibidukikije (GCES) kirakenewe mu kohereza imiti cyangwa ibintu byangiza. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bakorana cyane n'abakozi baho cyangwa abagurisha bafite ubumenyi mu kugendera ku mabwiriza agenga Iraki. Aba banyamwuga barashobora gufasha mukubona ibyangombwa byihuse mugihe bakurikiza amategeko n'amabwiriza yose akurikizwa. Mu gusoza, kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Iraki bisaba ibyemezo bitandukanye bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Gukurikiza ibyo byemezo byemeza ko abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bujuje ubuziranenge mu gihe bateza imbere ubucuruzi mu rwego rw’amategeko rwashyizweho n’abayobozi ba Iraki.

Iraki ni igihugu giherereye mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kandi kizwiho amateka akomeye n'umurage ndangamuco. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho no gutwara abantu, hano hari amakuru asabwa yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Iraki. 1. Ibyambu: Iraki ifite ibyambu byinshi bikomeye nk'irembo rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Umm Qasr, giherereye mu mujyi wa Basra, ni cyo cyambu kinini muri Iraki kandi kikaba gifite uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bwo mu nyanja. Ibindi byambu byingenzi birimo Khor Al-Zubair na Port ya Al-Maqal. 2. Ibibuga byindege: Kubijyanye no gutwara ibicuruzwa byihuse, indege zirashobora guhitamo. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bagdad nicyo kibuga cy’ibanze mpuzamahanga muri Iraki, gikora ingendo z’abagenzi n’imizigo. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Erbil mu karere ka Kurdistan nacyo cyahindutse ihuriro rikuru ryo gutwara imizigo, rikaba irembo ryerekeza mu majyaruguru ya Iraki. 3. Umuyoboro w’imihanda: Iraki ifite umuyoboro mugari uhuza imijyi n’uturere twinshi mu gihugu ndetse n’ibihugu bituranye nka Yorodani, Siriya, Turukiya, Irani, Koweti, Arabiya Sawudite - bigatuma ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda ari uburyo bw’ibanze bw’ibikoresho muri Iraki cyangwa hakurya y'imipaka. Ariko, ibikorwa remezo byizewe bishobora gutera ikibazo rimwe na rimwe. 4 hamwe n'amabwiriza yo gutumiza / kohereza hanze bizorohereza inzira yo gukuraho neza. 5.Ububiko: Hariho ibikoresho bitandukanye byububiko bugezweho biboneka mumijyi minini nka Bagidadi, Basra, na Erbil.Iyi bubiko itanga uburyo bwo guhunika neza kubintu bitandukanye bifite ibikoresho nkenerwa nka sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe, forklifts, ningamba zumutekano.Proper choie izemeza kubika neza mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gukwirakwiza. 6.Abatanga serivisi za Logistique: Ibigo byinshi byo mu gihugu, ndetse n’ibihugu mpuzamahanga bikoresha ibikoresho muri Iraki, biteza imbere urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. Aya masosiyete atanga serivisi zitandukanye nko kohereza ibicuruzwa, kohereza ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo, gutwara imizigo, na igisubizo cyubwikorezi.Kwandika ubufasha bwabatanga ibikoresho byabimenyereye birashobora koroshya ibikorwa byawe muri Iraki. Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko kubera ihungabana rya politiki n’amakimbirane yo mu karere, hashobora kubaho ingaruka n’ingorane zijyanye n’ibikorwa by’ibikoresho muri Iraki. Gukorana cyane nabafatanyabikorwa bizewe no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho bizagira uruhare mu gucunga neza ibikoresho mugihe ukorana niki gihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Iraki ifite abaguzi mpuzamahanga n’inzira ziterambere mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyakira imurikagurisha ritandukanye rikurura isi yose. Hano hari bamwe mubagize uruhare runini ku isoko mpuzamahanga ryo gutanga amasoko muri Iraki hamwe n’ubucuruzi bugaragara: 1. Inzego za Guverinoma: Guverinoma ya Iraki ni umuguzi ukomeye mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ibikorwa remezo, ingufu, ingabo, ndetse n'ubuvuzi. Itanga buri gihe ibicuruzwa na serivisi binyuze mumasoko cyangwa imishyikirano itaziguye. 2. Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli: Nka kimwe mu bihugu bitanga peteroli nini ku isi, Iraki itanga amahirwe menshi kubatanga ibicuruzwa byo hanze kugirango bafatanye n’amasosiyete y’igihugu y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli (NOC). NOC nka Sosiyete nkuru y’amavuta yo muri Iraki (INOC) na Basra Oil Company (BOC) bahora bakora ibikorwa byo gutanga amasoko ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 3. Urwego rw'ubwubatsi: Imbaraga zo kwiyubaka zatumye hakenerwa ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho muri Iraki. Ba rwiyemezamirimo bagize uruhare runini mu mishinga minini bakunze kwishingikiriza kubatanga isi yose kubyo basabwa. 4. Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi: Hamwe n’abaturage bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati bagenda biyongera, hagenda hakenerwa ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi nka elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa bya FMCG, ibintu byerekana imideli, n’ibindi, bituma biba isoko ishimishije ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. 5. Ubuhinzi: Urebye ubutaka bwe burumbuka ku ruzi rwa Tigiri na Efurate, Iraki ifite amahirwe yo kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi binyuze mu kugura imashini zigezweho ku bagurisha mpuzamahanga. 6. Ibikoresho bya farumasi & ibikoresho byubuzima: Urwego rwubuzima rusaba ibikoresho byubuvuzi byujuje ubuziranenge nkibikoresho byo gusuzuma, ibikoresho byo kubaga, imiti ikomoka ku masoko mpuzamahanga azwi binyuze mu gutanga amasoko. Kubyerekeye imurikagurisha ryabereye muri Iraki: a) Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Bagidadi: Iri murika ngarukamwaka rifatwa nk'imwe mu imurikagurisha rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi muri Iraki mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi / ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa / ibikoresho by'imyambarire; gukurura amasosiyete yo mu karere n’amahanga ashaka kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi kubaguzi ba Iraki / ba rwiyemezamirimo / abaguzi. b) Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Erbil: Bikorwa buri mwaka mu mujyi wa Erbil hibandwa ku nzego nyinshi z’inganda nk'ubwubatsi, ingufu, itumanaho, ubuhinzi, n'ibicuruzwa. Ikora nk'urubuga rw'ubucuruzi bwo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga kugira ngo barebe icyerekezo cy'ubucuruzi. c) Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Basra: Iri murika ryibanda cyane cyane ku rwego rwa peteroli na gaze ariko rikubiyemo n'izindi nganda nk'ubwubatsi, ubwikorezi, ibikoresho, n'ibindi. Imurikagurisha rikurura amasosiyete akomeye ya peteroli n'inzobere mu nganda baturutse ku isi. d) Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Sulaymaniyah: Iherereye mu majyaruguru ya Iraki umujyi wa Sulaymaniyah; iragaragaza imurikagurisha mubice nkibicuruzwa byubuhinzi / imashini, ibikoresho byubuzima / imiti, imiti / imyenda / ibikoresho byimyambarire. Imurikagurisha rigamije guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bucuruzi hagati y’abatanga ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga n’abaguzi baho. Izi ni ingero nkeya zinzira ziterambere n’imurikagurisha ku isoko mpuzamahanga ryo gutanga amasoko muri Iraki. Ni ngombwa gukora ubundi bushakashatsi cyangwa gukorana nimiryango yubucuruzi ibishinzwe kugirango ubone amakuru arambuye kumirenge cyangwa ibintu bishimishije.

Imashini zishakisha

Iraki, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Iraki, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburengerazuba. Abantu bo muri Iraki bakunze gukoresha moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane kugirango bashakishe interineti kandi babone amakuru. Hano hari moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Iraki hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Google: Urubuga: www.google.com 2. Bing: Urubuga: www.bing.com 3. Yahoo: Urubuga: www.yahoo.com 4. Yandex: Urubuga: www.yandex.com 5. DuckDuckGo: Urubuga: duckduckgo.com 6. Ecosia: Urubuga: ecosia.org 7. Naver: Naver itanga serivisi nka moteri ishakisha hamwe nu rubuga. Urubuga (Igikoreya): www.naver.com (Icyitonderwa: Naver ishingiye ku koreya ariko ikoreshwa cyane muri Iraki) 8 Baidu (百度): Baidu ni imwe mu moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane mu Bushinwa. Urubuga (Igishinwa): www.baidu.cm (Icyitonderwa: Baidu irashobora kubona imikoreshereze mike muri Iraki, cyane cyane kubantu bavuga Igishinwa) Izi ni ingero nkeya za moteri zishakisha zikunze gukoreshwa abantu bo muri Iraki bashingiraho kugirango babone amakuru kuri enterineti neza kandi neza. Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe izi mbuga zishobora kuboneka kwisi yose, verisiyo zimwe zishobora kuba mubihugu cyangwa uturere runaka ukurikije ibyo ukoresha cyangwa ibisabwa nururimi. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibyo umuntu akunda mugihe cyo kumenya moteri yubushakashatsi ikwiranye n’umuntu ku giti cye mu gushakisha amakuru aturuka muri Iraki cyangwa ahandi hantu hose ku isi

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Iraki, urupapuro rwibanze rwumuhondo ububiko bukubiyemo: 1. Ipaji yumuhondo yo muri Iraki - Ubu ni igitabo cyuzuye kuri interineti gikubiyemo imijyi n'inganda zitandukanye muri Iraki. Itanga amakuru yamakuru, aderesi, nurubuga rwubucuruzi mubice bitandukanye. Urubuga urashobora kubisanga kuri https://www.iyp-iraq.com/. 2. EasyFinder Iraki - Urundi rupapuro rwumuhondo rugaragara rwubucuruzi muri Iraki, EasyFinder itanga urutonde rwibigo biva mubice bitandukanye nkubuvuzi, kwakira abashyitsi, ubwubatsi, nibindi byinshi. Ububiko bushobora kuboneka binyuze kurubuga rwabo kuri https://www.easyfinder.com.iq/. 3. Zain Paje Yumuhondo - Zain nisosiyete ikora itumanaho muri Iraki nayo itanga serivise yumuhondo itanga amakuru kubucuruzi bwaho mumijyi myinshi yigihugu. Urashobora kubona urupapuro rwumuhondo ubinyujije kurubuga rwabo kuri https://yellowpages.zain.com/iraq/en. 4. Kurdpage - By'umwihariko kugaburira akarere ka Kurdiya muri Iraki karimo imijyi nka Erbil, Dohuk, na Sulaymaniyah; Kurdpages itanga ububiko bwa interineti hamwe nurutonde rwibikorwa bitandukanye bikorera muri kano karere. Urubuga rwabo ruherereye kuri http://www.kurdpages.com/. 5. Ipaji ya IQD - Urupapuro rwa IQD nubuyobozi bwubucuruzi kumurongo bukubiyemo inganda nyinshi muri Iraki harimo serivisi za banki, amahoteri & resitora, amasosiyete atwara abantu nizindi nyinshi. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri https://iqdpages.com/ Uru rupapuro rwumuhondo ububiko butanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubantu cyangwa ubucuruzi bushakisha serivisi cyangwa abatanga ibicuruzwa mubucuruzi bwa Iraki. Nyamuneka menya ko buri gihe ari byiza kugenzura inshuro ebyiri kumenya ukuri n’akamaro kamakuru ayo ari yo yose yatanzwe kuri uru rubuga mbere yo kwishora mu kigo icyo ari cyo cyose cyanditswe hano.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Muri Iraki, inganda za e-ubucuruzi ziragenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi hagaragaye urubuga runini runini kugira ngo ibyifuzo by’ubucuruzi byiyongera kuri interineti. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Iraki hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Miswag: Iyi ni imwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi ziyobora muri Iraki zitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mu byiciro bitandukanye nka elegitoroniki, imideri, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n'ibindi. Urubuga rwa aderesi ni www.miswag.net. 2. Zain Cash Shop: Zain Cash Shop itanga isoko kumurongo aho abakoresha bashobora kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bakoresheje umufuka wabo wa Zain. Ihuriro ritanga ibintu nka electronics, ibicuruzwa byiza, ibicuruzwa byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri www.zaincashshop.iq. 3. Dsama: Dsama nubundi buryo bukomeye bwa e-ubucuruzi bwo muri Iraki bwibanda kuri electronics nibikoresho. Itanga ibikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, imashini zikina imikino, n'ibikoresho ku giciro cyo gupiganwa. Urubuga rwa Dsama ni www.dsama.tech. 4. Isoko rya Cressy: Isoko rya Cressy nisoko rigenda rigaragara kumurongo muri Iraki rigamije guhuza abaguzi nabagurisha mubyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa birimo imyenda yimyambarire, ibikoresho, kwisiga, ibikoresho byo munzu nibindi byinshi. Urashobora kubasanga kuri www.cressymarket.com. 5. Mall ya Bagdad: Mall ya Bagdad ni ahantu hazwi cyane muri Iraki hacururizwa ibicuruzwa bitanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva imyenda kugeza ibikoresho byo munzu hamwe na elegitoroniki y’abaguzi kuva ku bicuruzwa bizwi haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga ku giciro cyo gupiganwa. Kubigura sura urubuga rwabo kuri www.baghdadmall.net. 6.Onlinezbigzrishik (OB): OB itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitandukanye kuva imyenda kugeza kuri elegitoroniki mugihe harimo nubuzima & ubwiza bwibicuruzwa ndetse nibiribwa.Ushobora kubisanga usuye urubuga rwabo kuri https://www.onlinezbigzirshik.com/ iq /. 7.Ububiko bwa Unnicorn: Ububiko bwa Unicorn bwa Iraki ubwabwo butanga abakiriya ibicuruzwa byinshi bidasanzwe birimo ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho byimyambarire nibindi byinshi. Shakisha kuri www.unicornstore.iq. Nyamuneka menya ko imiterere ya e-ubucuruzi ihora itera imbere, kandi urubuga rushya rushobora kuvuka cyangwa izisanzwe zishobora guhinduka. Nibyiza gusura izi mbuga cyangwa gushakisha amakuru agezweho kugirango tumenye neza amakuru agezweho kurubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi ruboneka muri Iraki.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Iraki ni igihugu cyo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kigenda cyiyongera ku isi ya digitale, harimo imbuga nkoranyambaga. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa muri Iraki, hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook kugeza ubu ni urubuga rukoreshwa cyane mu mbuga nkoranyambaga muri Iraki, ruhuza abantu mu byiciro bitandukanye na demokarasi. Iyemerera abakoresha gusangira ibishya, amafoto, videwo, no guhuza inshuti nimiryango. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rwo gufotora no gusangira amashusho rumaze kumenyekana cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Iraki. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza amashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi iherekejwe na capitisiyo cyangwa hashtags. 3. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Serivise ya microblogging ya Twitter nayo ifite abakoresha benshi muri Iraki. Iyemerera abakoresha kohereza tweet igizwe nubutumwa bugufi buzwi nka "tweet", bushobora gusangirwa kumugaragaro cyangwa mwiherereye. 4. Snapchat (www. 5. Telegaramu (telegram.org): Telegramu ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa ako kanya itanga ibintu nk'ubutumwa bugufi, guhamagara amajwi, kuganira mu matsinda, imiyoboro yo gutangaza ibirimo, n'ubushobozi bwo gusangira dosiye. 6. TikTok (www. 7. LinkedIn (www. 8. YouTube (www. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa muri Iraki; icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga zizwi cyane zihariye mu turere cyangwa abaturage mu gihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Amashyirahamwe akomeye y’inganda muri Iraki arimo: 1. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi zo muri Iraki: Uyu niwo muryango uyoboye uhagarariye ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Iraki. Igizwe n'ibyumba by'ubucuruzi byaho biva mu mijyi itandukanye yo mu gihugu. Urubuga: https://iraqchambers.gov.iq/ 2. Ihuriro ry’inganda zo muri Iraki: Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye inganda n’inganda muri Iraki, hibandwa ku kuzamura ubukungu, guhanga imirimo, no guhangana. Urubuga: http://fiqi.org/?lang=en 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubuhinzi muri Iraki: Iri shyirahamwe riteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi muri Iraki mu gutanga inkunga ku bahinzi, guteza imbere imikorere myiza, no koroshya ubucuruzi mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi. Urubuga: http://www.infoagriiraq.com/ 4. Ihuriro ry’abashoramari bo muri Iraki: Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye abashoramari bagize uruhare mu mishinga yo kubaka muri Iraki. Igamije kuzamura umwuga ushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho wubwishingizi bufite ireme, imyitwarire yumwuga, gahunda zamahugurwa, hamwe nubuhanga bwa tekinike mubikorwa byubwubatsi. Urubuga: http://www.icu.gov.iq/en/ 5. Ihuriro ry’amasosiyete ya peteroli na gazi muri Iraki (UGOC): UGOC ihagarariye ibigo bigira uruhare mu bushakashatsi, gukora, gutunganya, gukwirakwiza, no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze muri Iraki. Igamije guteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari murwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere rirambye. Urubuga: N / A. 6. Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’ubukerarugendo muri Iraki (FTAI): FTAI yibanda ku guteza imbere ubukerarugendo nk’inganda zikomeye mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ubukungu muri Iraki binyuze mu guhuza ibikorwa bitandukanye bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo nk’ibigo by’ubukerarugendo, amahoteri / ibigo by’ibiruhuko n'ibindi. Urubuga: http: //www.ftairaq.org/

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Dore zimwe mu mbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi muri Iraki: 1. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi (http://www.mot.gov.iq): Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, amabwiriza, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, n’amahirwe yo gushora imari muri Iraki. 2. Banki Nkuru ya Iraki (https://cbi.iq): Urubuga rwa Banki Nkuru rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ifaranga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, amabwiriza ya banki, n’ibipimo by’ubukungu. Itanga kandi amakuru kumahirwe yishoramari nubuyobozi kubashoramari babanyamahanga. 3. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi zo muri Iraki (http://www.ficc.org.iq): Uru rubuga rugaragaza inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwa Iraki n’inganda z’ubucuruzi. Itanga ububiko bwubucuruzi bwaho, amakuru mashya kubukungu, ikirangaminsi cyubucuruzi, na serivisi kubanyamuryango. 4. Komisiyo ishinzwe ishoramari muri Iraki (http://investpromo.gov.iq): Urubuga rwa komisiyo ishinzwe ishoramari ruteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari mu nzego zitandukanye muri Iraki. Itanga amakuru kumishinga iboneka, gushishikariza abashoramari, amategeko agenga ishoramari, nuburyo bwo gushinga imishinga. 5. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Amerika rwo muri Iraki (https://iraqi-american-chamber.com): Uyu muryango worohereza umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’abanyayiraki n’abanyamerika utanga amahirwe yo guhuza ibikorwa binyuze mu byabaye cyangwa ugakemura ibibazo byugarije ba rwiyemezamirimo bashaka gushora imari cyangwa gukora ubucuruzi mu bihugu byombi. 6. Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Bagdad (http://bcci-iq.com) - Iyi ni imwe mu Byumba byinshi byo mu karere bigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ibanze ku isoko rya Bagidadi - harimo n’inyungu zabo - impamyabumenyi zitangwa hamwe n’uburyo burambuye bwo guha ubushobozi abacuruzi bafite amakuru agezweho & ibikoresho 7.Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere ry’Ubukungu - Guverinoma y’akarere ka Kurdistan (http://ekurd.net/edekr-com) -Uru rubuga ruhuza abafatanyabikorwa n’inzego za leta zikomeye muri Minisiteri za KRG nk’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ubufasha bw’ubucuruzi n’ishami rishinzwe guhuza ubukungu rishinzwe gufasha mpuzamahanga ibigo bishishikajwe n'imirongo ibikoresho.ibisobanuro

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga za interineti zemewe kubibazo byubucuruzi muri Iraki. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ishirahamwe rikuru rishinzwe ibarurishamibare n’ikoranabuhanga (COSIT): Urubuga rwa COSIT rutanga imibare irambuye ijyanye n’ibikorwa by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Iraki. Urashobora kubona amakuru yubucuruzi, kwinjiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, nibindi bipimo byubukungu ukoresheje portal yabo. URL: http://cosit.gov.iq/ 2. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi: Urubuga rwa Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, amabwiriza, inzira za gasutamo, n’amahirwe yo gushora imari muri Iraki. Itanga kandi uburyo bwo kubona amakuru yubucuruzi nko gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga imibare n’umurenge no gusenyuka kwigihugu. URL: https://www.trade.gov.iq/ 3.Ikigo gishinzwe gasutamo (ICA): Urubuga rwemewe rwa ICA rwemerera abakoresha gushakisha inyandiko zijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, amahoro, imisoro, imisoro ku bicuruzwa, n'ibindi. Itanga urubuga rwuzuye rwo kugera ku makuru y’ubucuruzi ajyanye n’igihugu. URL: http://customs.mof.gov.iq/ 4.Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru ku isoko rya Iraqi (IMIC): IMIC ni ikigo kiyobowe na leta cyorohereza ubushakashatsi n’isesengura ku masoko ajyanye n’imirenge itandukanye yo muri Iraki harimo peteroli / inganda za gaze gasanzwe zohereza / gutumiza mu mahanga, n’ubundi buryo bushoboka bw’ubucuruzi.Mu gice cya serivisi zayo , ikubiyemo kandi amakuru yingirakamaro.URL: http: //www.imiclipit.org/ Izi mbuga zigomba kuguha amakuru yingirakamaro yerekeye ibikorwa byubucuruzi mu gihugu, nkibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ivugurura rya politiki, ibyiciro, hamwe n’inganda zihariye. Witondere gushakisha neza izi mbuga kuko zizagufasha kubona ubushishozi muri Isoko rya Iraki.

B2b

Iraki nigihugu gifite urubuga rwa B2B rutandukanye ruhuza ubucuruzi no koroshya ubucuruzi. Hano hari urubuga rwa B2B muri Iraki: 1. Hala Expo: Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu gutegura imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga muri Iraki, bitanga amahirwe ku bucuruzi bwo guhuza no kwerekana ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi. Urubuga: www.hala-expo.com. 2. Isoko rya Facebook: Nubwo atari urubuga rwa B2B gusa, Isoko rya Facebook rikoreshwa cyane nabashoramari bo muri Iraki kugirango bamenyekanishe ibicuruzwa byabo no kugera kubakiriya baho. Urubuga: www.facebook.com/ikibanza. 3. Isosiyete y'Ubucuruzi yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati (METCO): METCO ni isosiyete y'ubucuruzi yo muri Iraki ikora nk'urubuga rwa B2B, ihuza abaguzi n'abagurisha mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, imiti, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'ibindi. Urubuga: www.metcoiraq.com. 4. Isoko ryo muri Iraki (IMP): IMP ni isoko rya interineti ryita ku nzego nyinshi zirimo ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, peteroli na gaze, ibikoresho by'itumanaho, ibice by'imodoka, n'ibindi. Ihuza abatanga ibicuruzwa n'abaguzi haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no gukora ubucuruzi n’amasosiyete akorera muri Iraki. Urubuga: www.imarketplaceiraq.com. 5.Tradekey Iraki: Tradekey nisoko rya B2B kwisi yose ririmo Iraki kurutonde rwibihugu bifite imiyoboro yihariye yo guhuza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi no guhuza abaguzi mpuzamahanga n’abashoramari bo muri Iraki baho mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'ibindi, n'ibindi. Urubuga: www.tradekey.com/ir Izi ni ingero nke gusa za platform B2B iboneka muri Iraki uyumunsi; icyakora nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka bishobora gutandukana mugihe uko urubuga rushya rugaragara mugihe izindi zishobora kuba zishaje cyangwa zidakora cyane.