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Incamake y'igihugu
Turukimenisitani, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Turukimenisitani, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati. Ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 6 kandi isangiye imbibi na Qazaqistan, Uzubekisitani, Irani, Afuganisitani, n'Inyanja ya Kaspiya. Turukimenisitani yabonye ubwigenge muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1991 kandi kuva ubwo yashyizeho gahunda ya perezida. Perezida uriho ubu, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, ku butegetsi kuva mu 2007. Umurwa mukuru w’igihugu n’umujyi munini ni Ashgabat. Ubukungu bwa Turukimenisitani bushingiye cyane ku bubiko bunini bwa gaze gasanzwe. Ni umwe mu bakora gazi nini ku isi n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya. Ubuhinzi nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu, aho ipamba ari kimwe mu bihingwa byingenzi. Turukimenisitani ifite imiterere itandukanye kuva mu butayu bunini kugera ku misozi. Ubutayu bwa Karakum bufite igice kinini cy’ubutaka bwacyo mu gihe Kopet Dag ikora nk'imisozi izwi cyane mu gihugu. Ibi biranga geografiya bitanga amahirwe kubukerarugendo bwo kwidagadura nko gukora ingendo na safari yo mu butayu. Umuco wa Turukimenisitani wibasiwe cyane n'imigenzo ya kera yimuka n'umurage wa kisilamu. Ibitaramo bya muzika gakondo birimo ibikoresho gakondo nka dutar (lute) birakunzwe mubaturage. Kwakira abashyitsi bifite akamaro gakomeye mumico yabo kuko abashyitsi basanzwe bafatanwa icyubahiro nubuntu. Mu gihe Abanyaturukiya bazwi nkururimi rwabo rw’igihugu, Ikirusiya gikomeje kuvugwa cyane kubera umubano w’amateka n’Uburusiya ku butegetsi bw’Abasoviyeti. Islamu ikora nk'idini y'ibanze ikorwa nabenegihugu benshi ba Turukimenisitani; ariko, umudendezo w’amadini urinzwe n amategeko. Ubukerarugendo muri Turukimenisitani buratera imbere buhoro buhoro kubera ibikorwa remezo bike; icyakora itanga ibyiza nyaburanga nka UNESCO ndangamurage yisi ndangamurage harimo imijyi ya kera nka Merv na Kunya-Urgench izwiho ibitangaza byubatswe kuva mu binyejana byinshi. Mu myaka yashize hari imbaraga zashyizwe mu bikorwa by’ububanyi n’amahanga no gutandukanya ubukungu burenze gaze gasanzwe. Ibi bikubiyemo guteza imbere Turukimenisitani nk'umuhanda unyura mu mishinga y'ubucuruzi n'ingufu zo mu karere. Rero, bizaba bishimishije kubona uburyo Turukimenisitani ikomeje gutera imbere no gutera imbere mumyaka iri imbere.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Turukimenisitani, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Turukimenisitani, ifite ifaranga ryayo ryitwa Turkmenistan manat (TMT). Manat nifaranga ryemewe namasoko yemewe muri Turukimenisitani kandi igabanijwemo tenge 100. Banki Nkuru ya Turukimenisitani ishinzwe gutanga no kugenzura uruzinduko rwa manat. Manat yatangijwe mu 1993 kugirango isimbure amafaranga y’Uburusiya nyuma y’ubwigenge bw’Abasoviyeti, manat yagiye ihinduka amazina menshi kuva icyo gihe kubera igitutu cy’ifaranga. Kugeza ubu, ibiceri byacuzwe birimo amadeni ya 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 na 50. Inoti ziboneka mu madini atandukanye harimo 1, 5,10, 20, 50, 100, 500 kandi inoti ya vuba yatangijwe ifite agaciro ka TMT1.000. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya manat gihindagurika n’ifaranga mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga nk'idolari rya Amerika cyangwa amayero mu gihe cy’ivunjisha rireremba. Ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga bikoresha cyane cyane amafaranga yamahanga nka USD cyangwa ama euro. Turukimenisitani ikomeza kugenzura ifaranga rikomeye hamwe no guhinduranya imipaka mu mbibi zayo; bityo birashobora kugorana kubona amahirwe yo kuvunja amafaranga yaho hanze ya Turukimenisitani ubwayo. Nibyiza ko ba mukerarugendo basura iki gihugu bazana amafaranga ahagije yamahanga. Muri rusange, ifaranga ry’igihugu cya Turukimenisitani rizwi ku izina rya Manat (TMT), rikora nk'isoko ryemewe n'amategeko mu mbibi zaryo kandi ridahinduka mu mahanga ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Turukimenisitani ni Turukimenisitani Manat (TMT). Ikigereranyo cyo kuvunja hafi ya TMT hamwe n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi ni aya akurikira: 1 USD ≈ 3.5 TMT 1 EUR ≈ 4.2 TMT 1 GBP ≈ 4.8 TMT Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cyivunjisha gihindagurika, kandi amakuru yatanzwe ntashobora kwerekana ibiciro biriho. Nibyiza kugenzura isoko yizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubiciro byigihe cyo kuvunja.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Turukimenisitani ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, kizwiho umurage gakondo n'umuco gakondo. Hariho iminsi mikuru myinshi yizihizwa muri Turukimenisitani ifitiye akamaro kanini abaturage bayo. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Turukimenisitani ni umunsi wubwigenge, wizihizwa ku ya 27 Ukwakira buri mwaka. Uyu munsi mukuru w’igihugu wibutsa ko igihugu cyatangaje ubwigenge bw’Abasoviyeti mu 1991. Kuri uyu munsi, abaturage bitabiriye imyigaragambyo ikomeye, ibitaramo, n’ibirori ndangamuco byerekana ishema ry’igihugu cyabo n’ubumwe. Undi munsi mukuru uzwi cyane ni Nowruz, uzwi kandi nk'Umwaka Mushya w'Ubuperesi cyangwa Impeshyi ya Equinox. Bizihizwa ku ya 21 Werurwe buri mwaka, Nowruz yerekana intangiriro yimpeshyi no kuvugurura ibidukikije. Imiryango ya Turukimenisitani iraterana kugira ngo yishimire amafunguro y'ibirori, guhana impano no gusura bene wabo muri iki gihe. Umuziki gakondo, kubyina imbyino, nibikorwa bya siporo birusheho kuzamura umwuka wibyishimo. Byongeye kandi, umunsi w'amafarashi cyangwa umunsi mukuru w'ubwiza bw'amafarashi ya Ahalteke wunamiye ubwoko bw'amafarasi ya Turukimenisitani bwitwa "Ahalteke." Bikorwa buri mwaka ku ya 25 Mata ahitwa Gokdepe Hippodrome hafi yumujyi wa Ashgabat, iri serukiramuco ridasanzwe ririmo gusiganwa ku mafarasi kimwe n’amarushanwa yerekana ubwiza nubuntu byibi biremwa bitangaje. Byongeye kandi, umunsi w’itegeko nshinga wizihizwa ku ya 18 Gicurasi buri mwaka kuva wizihiza itegeko nshinga rya Turukimenisitani mu 1992 nyuma y'ubwigenge. Hateguwe ibirori bitandukanye mu gihugu hose kugirango bizihize uyu munsi harimo ibitaramo birimo imiziki gakondo ndetse n’imurikagurisha ryerekana umurage wigihugu. Mu gusoza, Turukimenisitani ifite iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye ifite akamaro gakomeye kubaturage bayo. Umunsi w'ubwigenge wizihiza ubwisanzure ku butegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti; Nowruz isobanura intangiriro nshya; Umunsi w'ifarashi werekana amafarashi akunzwe ya Ahalteke; naho umunsi w’itegeko nshinga wongeye gushimangira indangamuntu. Iyi minsi mikuru ituma abenegihugu bishimira amateka yabo mugihe bateza imbere ubumwe mumiryango itandukanye yo muri Turukimenisitani.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Turukimenisitani ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, kizwiho ububiko bwa gaze karemano. Imiterere y’ubucuruzi mu gihugu ahanini iterwa n’ingufu z’ingufu n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ku bijyanye no kohereza mu mahanga, Turukimenisitani igurisha cyane cyane gaze gasanzwe mu bihugu bitandukanye, birimo Ubushinwa, Irani, Uburusiya, na Turukiya. Ibicuruzwa bigize igice kinini cy’amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Turukimenisitani kandi yohereza ibicuruzwa bya peteroli nka lisansi na lisansi. Usibye umutungo w'ingufu, Turukimenisitani yohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi nk'ipamba n'ingano. Impamba yabaye igihingwa gakondo mugihugu mu binyejana byinshi kandi iracyafite uruhare runini mubukungu bwayo. Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Turukimenisitani yishingikiriza cyane ku mashini n’ibikoresho bigamije inganda kimwe n’imodoka zirimo imodoka namakamyo. Itumiza kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byabaguzi nkimyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibikoresho byo murugo. Abafatanyabikorwa bambere b’ubucuruzi ba Turukimenisitani ni Ubushinwa bukurikirwa na Turukiya, Uburusiya, Irani, Ukraine, ndetse n’ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi. Turukimenisitani ikomeje umubano w’ubukungu n’ibi bihugu binyuze mu masezerano y’ibihugu byombi. Icyakora, ubukungu butandukanye bukomeje kuba ingorabahizi ku gihugu kubera ko bushingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Abayobozi ba Turkiya bafite intego yo kwagura ibicuruzwa byabo byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe bakurura ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga mu nganda zirenze urwego rw'ingufu.Bateza imbere inganda nk'ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo, imyenda, kugendagenda, no gutambutsa ibicuruzwa, byibanda ku masoko ashobora kuba mu Burayi, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, na Aziya y'Amajyepfo. Mu gusoza, Turukimenisitani ishingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi. Guverinoma irimo gushyira ingufu mu gutandukanya ubukungu bwayo burenze urwego rw’ingufu hagamijwe gushimangira umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu mu gihe ikurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu nganda zitandukanye.
Iterambere ryisoko
Turukimenisitani iherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Igihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere nka peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, n'amabuye y'agaciro. Ahantu hegereye kandi haratanga isoko ryingenzi muburayi na Aziya. Kimwe mu bintu nyamukuru bituma Turukimenisitani yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ni ububiko bwa gaze karemano. Iki gihugu gifite imirima minini ya gaze ku isi kandi kikaba cyarabaye isoko rikomeye mu bihugu bituranye birimo Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya. Byongeye kandi, Turukimenisitani irashaka cyane gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hashyirwaho imiyoboro no gushakisha amasoko mashya. Ikindi gice gifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka ni urwego rwubuhinzi bwa Turukimenisitani. Hamwe n'ubutaka burumbuka hamwe n'amazi ahagije ava mu ruzi rwa Amu Darya, igihugu gifite ubutaka bunini bukwiye guhingwa. Mu kuvugurura imikorere y’ubuhinzi no kunoza ibikorwa remezo, Turukimenisitani irashobora kongera ubushobozi bw’ibicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nka pamba, imbuto, imboga, n’ibikomoka ku bworozi. Byongeye kandi, Turukimenisitani yagiye ishora imari mu guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu. Ibi birimo kubaka gari ya moshi zihuza Aziya yo hagati na Irani (Umuhanda wo gutwara abantu mu majyaruguru-Amajyepfo) kimwe n'umuhanda uhuza Afuganisitani na Azaribayijan (Umuhanda wa Lapis Lazuli). Izi ngamba zigamije kuzamura umubano hagati y’ubukungu bw’akarere mu gihe Turukimenisitani ari inzira y’inzira nyabagendwa mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyakora, hari imbogamizi zikeneye kwitabwaho mugihe cyo kwagura isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Turukimenisitani. Igihugu gikeneye gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birenze ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu mu guteza imbere inganda zidafite peteroli nk'imyenda, imiti cyangwa imashini. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ikwiye kunoza ingamba zo gukorera mu mucyo zerekeye amabwiriza, koroshya inzira za gasutamo, inzitizi z’amahoro, n’inzitizi zitari iz’amahoro zishobora gukurura abashoramari b’amahanga mu gihugu, bikagabanya gushingira ku bafatanyabikorwa gakondo nk'Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Irani, Turukiya n'ibindi. Mu gusoza, umwanya wa Turukimenisitani uhagaze neza hamwe n’ingufu nyinshi, ubushobozi bw’ubuhinzi, n’ishoramari rihoraho mu bikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu, bituma bihagarara neza mu iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hamwe n’ivugurura rya politiki n’ingamba bigamije gutandukana, igihugu gishobora gukoresha neza ubushobozi bwacyo no gukurura ishoramari mu kuzamura ubukungu mu gihe kirekire.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Turukimenisitani ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati. Iyo usuzumye guhitamo ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, ni ngombwa kumva ubukungu bw’igihugu, ibyifuzo by’umuco, hamwe n’amasoko agezweho. Ubwa mbere, Turukimenisitani ifite ahanini ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi kandi bushingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kubwibyo, ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ubuhinzi n’ingufu birashobora kuba ibintu bigurishwa cyane ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ibi bishobora kubamo imashini n’ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi, ifumbire, imbuto, sisitemu y’ingufu zishobora kubaho, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rijyanye na gaze. Icya kabiri, Turukimenisitani ifite umurage gakondo wumuco hamwe nubukorikori gakondo buhabwa agaciro gakomeye. Ubukorikori nk'imyenda n'imyenda bikozwe n'abanyabukorikori baho biramenyekana haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu baguzi mpuzamahanga. Kubwibyo, gushakisha amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa gakondo muri Turukimenisitani birashobora kubyara inyungu. Byongeye kandi, urebye ikirere cya Turukimenisitani kirimo impeshyi zishyushye cyane n’imvura nkeya mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Ibicuruzwa bijyanye no kubungabunga amazi no kuhira imyaka birashobora gufasha gukemura ibyo bikenewe ku isoko. Byongeye kandi, nkabantu bo muri Turukimenisitani bafitanye isano n’imyambarire, gutumiza imyenda yimyambarire mu bice bitandukanye byisi cyangwa no gushinga uruganda rukora imyenda muri Turukimenisitani ubwabyo birashobora kuba amahitamo meza yo kubyaza umusaruro ibyo ukunda. Ubwanyuma, kumenya imigendekere yisoko iriho kwisi yose byafasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bishobora kwamamara muri Turukimenisitani kimwe products nkibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije cyangwa ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byubwenge. Mu gusoza ， mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi bwamahanga mumasoko ya Turkenmistan is ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibyo bakeneye mu bukungu pref ibyifuzo by’umuco ， hamwe n’ibigezweho mu gihe tutibanda gusa ku turere gakondo nk’ubuhinzi ahubwo tunashakisha amahirwe mu nganda zigenda ziyongera nk’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ubukorikori. inganda, inganda zerekana imideli technology ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge nibindi
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Turukimenisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yo Hagati, ni igihugu gifite imiterere yihariye y'abakiriya na kirazira. Mugusobanukirwa imiterere yabakiriya ba Turukimenisitani, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu nkumuco gakondo, imigenzo, nindangagaciro. Abaturage ba Turukimenisitani baha agaciro cyane kubaha no kwakira abashyitsi. Iyo usabana nabakiriya ba Turukimenisitani, ni ngombwa kwerekana ikinyabupfura no kubasuhuza ukoresheje indamutso iboneye nka "salaam alaykum." Kubaka umubano bwite ni ngombwa kugirango ubucuruzi bugerweho kuko kwizerana bigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gufata ibyemezo. Kubijyanye nuburyo bwitumanaho, kuyobora ntibishobora guhora bikunzwe. Nibyiza gukoresha imvugo ya diplomasi mugihe ukora inama zubucuruzi cyangwa imishyikirano. Kwirinda imyitwarire yo guhangana cyangwa gukara bizafasha gukomeza umubano mwiza nabakiriya ba Turukimenisitani. Iyo ukora ubucuruzi muri Turukimenisitani, gukomeza kubahiriza igihe ni ngombwa. Kugera bitinze nta nteguza yabanje kubonwa nabi nabakiriya. Kuba ku gihe byerekana ubunyamwuga no kubaha umwanya wumuntu nakazi keza. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi tugomba gusuzuma mugihe dusabana nabakiriya ba Turukimenisitani ni imyizerere yabo. Islamu yinjiye mu bice byose by'ubuzima muri iki gihugu; kubwibyo rero, ni ngombwa kumenya imigenzo n'imigenzo ya kisilamu mugihe bishora mubikorwa byubucuruzi cyangwa guhurira hamwe. Mu bihugu byinshi by’abayisilamu harimo no kunywa Turukimenisitani cyangwa gutanga inzoga birashobora kuba ikibazo bitewe n’amadini abuza kunywa inzoga; niyo mpamvu igomba kwirindwa mugihe cyimirimo yubucuruzi keretse itanzwe neza na nyirubwite. Byongeye kandi, kubaha imigenzo yaho nko gupfuka ibitugu (kubagore) no gukuramo inkweto mbere yo kwinjira munzu cyangwa aho basengera bizagira uruhare runini mu kubaka umubano wizewe nabantu baturutse muri Turukimenisitani. Mu gusoza, abakiriya ba Turukimenisitani bashima imyitwarire yiyubashye ijyanye n’imigenzo yabo y’umuco.Ni ngombwa guhuza uburyo bwawe mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri iki gihugu bikwemeza ko usobanukiwe n’imigenzo yaho, ukerekana ubuhanga, kandi ukazirikana imyumvire y’amadini iyobora ibikorwa byawe n’imyitwarire yawe.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Turukimenisitani iherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, ifite amabwiriza ya gasutamo n'ingamba zo gucunga imipaka yayo. Niba uteganya kujya muri Turukimenisitani, hari ibintu bike byingenzi ugomba kuzirikana bijyanye na gahunda yo gucunga gasutamo. Icyambere, abashyitsi bose bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe nibura amezi atandatu asigaye afite agaciro kuva umunsi binjiye muri Turukimenisitani. Ibisabwa bya viza birashobora gutandukana bitewe n’igihugu cy’ubwenegihugu, bityo rero ni byiza ko ubanza kwiyambaza ambasade ya Turukimenisitani cyangwa ambasade yegeranye. Iyo winjiye muri Turukimenisitani, uzakenera kuzuza ikarita y’abinjira izashyirwaho kashe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe imipaka. Ni ngombwa ko iyi karita ibikwa neza kuko izasabwa mugihe cyose uzaba umaze no kuva mugihugu. Turukimenisitani igenzura byimazeyo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa binyuze mu mbibi zayo. Ibintu bimwe nkimbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, amasasu, na poronogarafiya birabujijwe kwinjizwa cyangwa gusohoka mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’inyamaswa nabyo bishobora guhura n’ibisabwa cyangwa bigasaba uruhushya rwihariye. Ni ngombwa kumenyera aya mabwiriza mbere yo kwinjira cyangwa kuva muri Turukimenisitani. Twabibutsa ko abashinzwe za gasutamo muri Turukimenisitani bafite ububasha bwagutse bwo kugenzura imizigo n’ibintu byabo ku bibuga by’indege cyangwa ku butaka. Ubufatanye ninzego muri iri genzura birasabwa cyane kugirango inzira yinjire neza. Ku bijyanye n’amabwiriza y’ifaranga, abagenzi basabwa gutangaza amafaranga yose arenga $ 10,000 USD bageze muri Turukimenisitani. Kutabikora birashobora kuviramo kwamburwa amafaranga. Byaba byiza kandi ingenzi ziza muri Turukimenisitani zinyuze ku butaka kugira ngo zitegereze gutinda bitewe n’igenzura ryinshi ryakozwe n'abashinzwe imipaka. Muri rusange, birakenewe ko abashyitsi bajya muri Turukimenisitani bamenyera ibyangombwa byabo bya viza ndetse bakanubahiriza amabwiriza yatumijwe mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga yashyizweho n'abayobozi ba gasutamo.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Turukimenisitani ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati gifite politiki y’imisoro idasanzwe ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Igihugu kigamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no guteza imbere kwihaza mu gushyiraho imisoro imwe ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga atangwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byazanywe muri Turukimenisitani bivuye mu mahanga. Umubare w'imisoro ushyirwaho uterwa n'imiterere n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, ndetse no gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Turukimenisitani. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bibarwa hashingiwe ku gaciro ka CIF (Igiciro, Ubwishingizi, n’imizigo) ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Ibi bikubiyemo ikiguzi cyibicuruzwa ubwabyo, amafaranga yubwishingizi yatanzwe mugihe cyo gutwara, n'amafaranga yo gutwara ibicuruzwa muri Turukimenisitani. Igipimo cyibiciro kiratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Kurugero, ibiribwa byingenzi nkibinyampeke n'imbuto bifite igiciro cyo hasi ugereranije nibicuruzwa byiza nka electronics cyangwa ibinyabiziga. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gusonerwa imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga iyo ibyo bintu bigira uruhare mu mishinga y’iterambere ry’igihugu cyangwa byujuje ibisabwa na leta ya Turukimenisitani. Ni ngombwa ko abantu cyangwa ubucuruzi butumiza ibicuruzwa muri Turukimenisitani kubahiriza amabwiriza yose abigenga kugira ngo birinde ibihano cyangwa gutinda kuri bariyeri. Gushyigikira inyandiko zijyanye n'inkomoko no gutondekanya ibicuruzwa bigomba gutangwa neza mugihe cyo gutangaza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugirango abashinzwe imisoro basuzume neza imisoro ikoreshwa. Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Turukimenisitani igomba guhinduka buri gihe ishingiye ku byo leta ishyira imbere bigamije kuzamura umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu no kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa byo hanze. Niyo mpamvu, ari ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa cyangwa abashoramari muri Turukimenisitani bakomeza kumenyeshwa amakuru yose ajyanye na gasutamo na politiki y’imisoro mbere yo kwishora mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Turukimenisitani, igihugu cyo muri Aziya yo hagati gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere kandi kizwiho ubukungu butandukanye, gishyira mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo igenzure ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Igihugu gisora ​​imisoro ku byiciro bimwe na bimwe by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo icunge ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, biteze imbere inganda zo mu gihugu no kurinda amasoko y’ibikorwa. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Turukimenisitani yibanda ku rwego rw’ingufu. Kubera ko Turukimenisitani ihabwa ibigega byinshi bya gaze gasanzwe, ishingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nk’isoko ry’amafaranga yinjira. Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza inganda zitunganya no gutunganya inganda, guverinoma ishyiraho imisoro ihanitse yoherezwa mu mahanga kuri gaze gasanzwe ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro nka gaze gasanzwe (LNG) cyangwa ubundi buryo butunganijwe. Iyi politiki igamije guteza imbere ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo no guteza imbere imirimo muri Turukimenisitani. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bwa Turukimenisitani nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwabwo. Guverinoma ishyigikiye uru rwego rusora imisoro itari iy'ubuhinzi mu mahanga cyane kuruta ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'ipamba n'ingano. Mu gutanga politiki nziza y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, Turukimenisitani irashaka guharanira kwihaza mu biribwa mu mbibi zayo mu gihe ishimangira iterambere ry’abahinzi n’ubuhinzi. Usibye ingufu n’ubuhinzi, izindi nzego nazo zigengwa n’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Turukimenisitani. Kurugero, ibikomoka kuri peteroli binonosoye birashobora guhura n’umusoro mwinshi ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kongera agaciro binyuze mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa byaho. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko amakuru arambuye yerekeye igipimo cy’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga ashobora gutandukana uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana bitewe n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyangwa impinduka muri politiki ya leta. Muri rusange, binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa neza imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ingufu, ubuhinzi, ndetse n'ahandi; Turukimenisitani irashaka gushyira mu gaciro hagati y’inyungu z’ubukungu ziva mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kurinda inganda z’imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo iterambere rirambye rirambye.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Turukimenisitani, igihugu cyo muri Aziya yo hagati ihana imbibi na Qazaqistan, Uzubekisitani, Afuganisitani, Irani, n'Inyanja ya Kaspiya, gifite ibyangombwa byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye. Kubicuruzwa byubuhinzi nkimbuto, imboga, nibiribwa muri rusange, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubona ibyemezo bya phytosanitarike. Izi mpamyabumenyi zemeza ko ibicuruzwa byagenzuwe kandi ko nta byonnyi cyangwa indwara zishobora kwangiza urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwa Turukimenisitani. Ku bijyanye n’ibikomoka ku nyamaswa nk’inyama cyangwa ibikomoka ku mata bigenewe koherezwa muri Turukimenisitani, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’amatungo. Bakeneye kubona ibyemezo byubuzima bwamatungo byemeza ko inyamaswa zari zifite ubuzima mugihe cyo kubaga cyangwa kumata kandi zakozwe mugihe cyisuku. Iyo twohereza imyenda cyangwa imyenda muri Turukimenisitani, ni ngombwa kubahiriza ubuziranenge. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barashobora gusabwa gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko bubahiriza ibisabwa by’umutekano ibicuruzwa binyuze muri raporo y'ibizamini cyangwa impamyabumenyi zitangwa muri laboratoire zemewe. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigenewe isoko rya Turukimenisitani, kubahiriza ibipimo bya tekiniki ni ngombwa. Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze bakeneye kureba niba ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje umutekano n’ibipimo ngenderwaho byashyizweho n’abayobozi ba Turukimenisitani. Rimwe na rimwe, kubona icyemezo cyubushake bwo guhuza bishobora gusabwa kuko byerekana kubahiriza amabwiriza akurikizwa. Kohereza ibicuruzwa bya farumasi ku isoko rya Turukimenisitani bisaba icyemezo cy’inzego z’igihugu zemeza ko zujuje ibyangombwa byo kwandikisha imiti. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko aya ari amabwiriza rusange yerekeye ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Turukimenisitani. Ibisabwa byihariye birashobora gutandukana bitewe nimiterere yibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze hamwe n'amategeko / amabwiriza mugihe icyo aricyo cyose. Niyo mpamvu ari byiza ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagisha inama ibigo by’ubucuruzi byaho cyangwa bagashaka inama z’umwuga amakuru agezweho ku bijyanye no gutanga ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Turukimenisitani.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Turukimenisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, itanga ibyifuzo byinshi kuri serivisi nziza kandi yizewe. Hamwe n’ahantu heza h’ubukungu n’iterambere ryihuta, igihugu cyahindutse ahantu hifuzwa cyane mu bucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Hano hari ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma zijyanye n'ibikoresho bya Turukimenisitani: 1. Ibyambu: Turukimenisitani ifite ibyambu byinshi byorohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Turkmenbashi nicyo cyambu kinini mu gihugu kandi gikora nk'irembo ry’akarere ka nyanja ya Kaspiya. Itanga umurongo uhuza ibihugu bitandukanye nk'Uburusiya, Irani, Qazaqistan, na Azaribayijan. 2. Ibibuga byindege: Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ashgabat ni irembo ryambere mpuzamahanga ryinjira muri Turukimenisitani. Ikora indege nizitwara abagenzi hamwe nindege zikomeye zikora serivisi zisanzwe. Iki kibuga cy'indege gihuza Turukimenisitani n'imijyi yo mu Burayi, Aziya, n'indi migabane. 3. Umuhanda wumuhanda: Turukimenisitani ifite umuhanda munini uhuza imijyi minini mugihugu ndetse nibihugu bituranye nka Uzubekisitani, Irani, Afuganisitani, Qazaqistan, nibindi. Imihanda minini itunganijwe neza ituma ubwikorezi bwubutaka aribwo buryo bwiza bwo gutwara imizigo. 4. Gari ya moshi: Igihugu gifite gahunda ya gari ya moshi yateye imbere ihuza ibihugu bituranye nka Irani, Afuganisitani / Uburusiya (binyuze muri Uzubekisitani), Qazaqistan / Tajikistan (unyuze muri Uzubekisitani). Ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi byorohereza kugenda neza muri Aziya yo hagati. 5.Amasezerano yubucuruzi: Mu rwego rwo gushyira ingufu mu bufatanye bw’akarere muri Aziya yo hagati, iki gihugu kigira uruhare runini mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi atandukanye harimo n’ubumwe bw’ubukungu bw’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi butanga amahirwe yo kubona amasoko muri uru rwego rw’ubukungu. Byongeye kandi, umushinga w’umukanda n’umuhanda (BRI) yashishikarije iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo, bituma habaho umubano mwiza hagati y'Ubushinwa, Turukimenisitani, n'ibindi bihugu bikurikira iyi nzira. Aya majyambere yafunguye amahirwe menshi ya serivisi nziza y'ibikoresho 6.Isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ibikoresho: Ibigo byinshi by’ibikoresho bikorera muri Turkmeinastan, nka Turkmen Logistics Company, Turkmenawtology ,, Adam Tumlarm, AWTO Avtobaza, na Deniz ULUSLARARASI. gasutamo, na serivisi zo gukwirakwiza mu gihugu. 7. Gahunda ngenderwaho: Turukimenisitani yashyize mu bikorwa ivugurura hagamijwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ibikorwa remezo. Guverinoma itanga uburyo bunoze bwo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu bikoresho. Itera kandi kandi uburyo bwa digitale no koroshya inzira za gasutamo kugirango byorohereze imizigo yihuse. Mu gusoza, Turukimenisitani irerekana uburyo butandukanye bwa serivisi zikoreshwa mu bikoresho hamwe n’ibyambu byayo bihujwe neza, ibibuga by’indege, imiyoboro y’imihanda, n’ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi. kurushaho kunoza uburyo bwayo. Iterambere ryigenga naryo ritanga umusanzu mugushiraho ibidukikije byiza byo gukora ubucuruzi, aya makuru agomba kugufasha gusobanukirwa nubutaka bwa Turukimenisitani bugizwe na Logistic point
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Turukimenisitani ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati kandi gifite akamaro gakomeye nk'isoko rigenda rigaragara ku masoko mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere ubucuruzi. Ahantu h’ubukungu bw'igihugu, umutungo kamere, n'ubukungu bugenda byiyongera biha amahirwe abaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha inzira zitandukanye z'ubucuruzi. Dore zimwe mu nzira zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha muri Turukimenisitani: 1. Imiyoboro mpuzamahanga yo gutanga amasoko: a) Amasoko ya Leta: Turukimenisitani ifite gahunda yo gutanga amasoko hagati aho guverinoma itangiza amasoko y'imishinga itandukanye mu nzego nk'ubwubatsi, ingufu, ubwikorezi, ubuhinzi, n'ubuvuzi. Ibigo mpuzamahanga birashobora kwitabira aya masoko mugukora ubufatanye nibigo byaho cyangwa kwiyandikisha muburyo butaziguye. b) Ihuriro rya E-amasoko: Ibicuruzwa bya Leta n’ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa bya Turukimenisitani bikora urubuga rwa e-amasoko rwitwa "Altyn Asyr," rutanga uburyo bwo guteza cyamunara n’amasoko mu nganda zitandukanye. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga barashobora kwiyandikisha kururu rubuga kugirango barebe amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko. c) Ibiganiro bitaziguye: Gushiraho umubano utaziguye nabatanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa abagurisha binyuze mubutumwa bwubucuruzi, amashyirahamwe yubucuruzi, cyangwa ibikorwa byurusobe birashobora kuba inzira nziza yo guteza imbere ubufatanye muri Turukimenisitani. 2. Imurikagurisha: a) Türkmenhaly (Itapi ya Turukimenisitani): Iri murika ryerekana amatapi azwi cyane ku isi ya Turukimenisitani azwiho ibishushanyo mbonera n'ubukorikori. Itanga urubuga kubaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza nabakora itapi yaho, abatanga ibicuruzwa, nabatumiza hanze. b) Türkmengaz (Kongere ya gaz ya Turukimenisitani): Bikorwa buri mwaka i Ashgabat, iri murika ryibanda ku nganda za peteroli na gaze ya Turukemnistan. Itanga amahirwe kumasosiyete mpuzamahanga agira uruhare mubushakashatsi & tekinoloji yumusaruro, gukora ibikoresho, serivisi zo kubaka imiyoboro nibindi, kugirango ahuze nabafatanyabikorwa baho. c) TAZE AWAZ - Amajwi mashya: Iri serukiramuco ryubuhanzi rigezweho riba buri mwaka rikurura abakunzi b’ubuhanzi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi bashaka ibihangano bidasanzwe byakozwe n’abahanzi bafite impano bo muri Turukimenistan. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga barashobora gushakisha kugura ibihangano byumwimerere kandi bagahuza nabahanzi baho kugirango bashobore gukorana. d) Inama ya TAPI (Turukimenisitani - Afuganisitani - Pakisitani - Ubuhinde Umuyoboro): Iki gikorwa cyerekana iterambere rijyanye n’umushinga w’umuyoboro wa TAPI, ugamije gutwara gaze gasanzwe iva muri Turukimenisitani muri Afuganisitani, Pakisitani, n’Ubuhinde. Ibigo mpuzamahanga bigira uruhare mubwubatsi, ubwubatsi, na serivisi zijyanye nabyo birashobora kwitabira iyi nama kugirango barebe amahirwe yubucuruzi akomoka kuri uyu mushinga wa mega. Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa zingenzi zamasoko mpuzamahanga namasoko muri Turukimenisitani. Guverinoma y’igihugu yishimiye ishoramari ry’amahanga kandi ishakisha byimazeyo ubufatanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu nzego nyinshi. Niyo mpamvu, ari ngombwa ko abaguzi bo ku isi bakomeza kugezwaho amakuru ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi no gushora igihe mu kubaka umubano n’abafatanyabikorwa baho kugira ngo imishinga itangwe neza muri Turukiya.
Muri Turukimenisitani, moteri zishakisha zizwi zikoreshwa n'abantu zirimo: 1. Google: Google niyo moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose kandi irazwi cyane muri Turukimenisitani. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi hamwe na serivisi zitandukanye nka imeri, ikarita, hamwe nubusobanuro. Urubuga rwa Google ni www.google.com. 2. Yandex: Yandex ni moteri ishakisha Uburusiya nayo itanga serivisi muri Turukimenisitani. Itanga ibisubizo by'ishakisha byaho kandi ifite ibiranga amashusho, videwo, amakuru, n'amakarita. Urubuga rwa Yandex ni www.yandex.com. 3. Bing: Bing ni moteri yishakisha yatunganijwe na Microsoft itanga ibitekerezo bitandukanye kubisubizo byubushakashatsi ugereranije nizindi mbuga. Itanga amashusho na videwo kimwe namakuru agezweho binyuze mu gice cyayo. Urubuga rwa Bing ni www.bing.com. 4. Mail.ru: Mail. Urubuga rwa Mail.ru ni www.mail.ru. 5 Rambler: Rambler ikora nkurubuga rwombi rutanga amahitamo atandukanye nkamakuru, videwo, imikino, serivise ya e-imeri mugihe ikora nkububiko bwa interineti hamwe nubushakashatsi bwayo bwihariye bwa Rambler buherereye kuri www.rambler.ru/search/. 6 Sputnik: Ishakisha rya Sputnik ryibanda cyane cyane ku mbuga z’ururimi rw’ikirusiya ariko iracyemerera gushakisha mu mutungo w’isi ukoresheje ijambo ry’ibanze mu ndimi zitandukanye zirimo Icyongereza cyangwa Abanyaturukiya niba bibaye ngombwa mu rubuga rumwe rushobora kuboneka binyuze kuri sputniknews.com/search/. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko izi ari zimwe mumoteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Turukimenisitani; ariko, Google ikomeje kwiganza cyane mubakoresha bitewe na serivisi zitandukanye n'ubushobozi mu ndimi nyinshi.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Turukimenisitani, impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo zigizwe n'imbuga zitandukanye hamwe nububiko bushobora kuboneka kurutonde rwubucuruzi, amakuru yamakuru, nizindi serivisi. Dore amwe mumapaji yambere yumuhondo muri Turukimenisitani hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Turukimenisitani - Ububiko bwuzuye butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi rwateguwe nibyiciro. Urubuga: www.urubuga.tm 2. Igitabo cyubucuruzi - Urubuga rugaragaza ubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye nkubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, gucuruza, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.ubucuruzi.gov.tm 3. InfoTurkmen - Ubucuruzi bwo kumurongo butanga amakuru kumasosiyete akorera muri Turukimenisitani mumirenge itandukanye. Urubuga: www.infoturkmen.com 4. TradeTurkmen - Urubuga rugamije guteza imbere amahirwe yubucuruzi muri Turukimenisitani no guhuza ubucuruzi mu karere ndetse no ku isi yose. Urubuga: www.tradeturkmen.com 5. International Business Directory - Itanga ububiko bwibigo bikora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga hibandwa ku guhuza ubucuruzi kwisi yose. Urubuga: www.amahanga-ubucuruzi-ubuyobozi-ubuyobozi.com/turkmenistan/ Ipaji yumuhondo ikora nkibikoresho byabantu cyangwa imiryango ishaka serivisi zihariye cyangwa bashaka gushiraho ubucuruzi muri Turukiya. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kuboneka no kugerwaho naya masoko bishobora gutandukana mugihe bitewe nimpinduka zimbuga za interineti cyangwa amabwiriza yihariye yigihugu yerekeranye no kubona interineti. Kubwibyo, birasabwa kugenzura ukuri nukuri kwurubuga mbere yo gushingira gusa kumakuru yabo yatanzwe.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Turukimenisitani, igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, gifite urwego rwa interineti rwiyongera. Mu gihe igihugu cyo kugera kuri interineti ari gito ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe, haracyari imbuga za e-ubucuruzi zizwi cyane zikorera muri Turukimenisitani. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Isoko rya Silk Road Online Isoko (www.silkroadonline.com.tm): Ihuriro rikomeye rya e-ubucuruzi muri Turukimenisitani, Isoko rya Silk Road Online ritanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye kuva kuri elegitoroniki n'imyambaro kugeza ibikoresho byo murugo n'ibikoresho byo guhaha. Itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugura kumurongo kubakoresha Turukimenisitani. 2. YerKez (www.yerkez.com): YerKez ni urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwa e-ubucuruzi muri Turukimenisitani rwibanda ku guhuza abagurisha baho n'abaguzi mu gihugu hose. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi nkibikoresho byimyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. 3. Taze Ay - Gara Gözel (www.garagozel.tm): Taze Ay - Gara Gözel ni isoko ryo kumurongo kabuhariwe mu kugurisha imyenda yubukorikori gakondo ya Turukimenisitani. Ihuriro rishyigikira abanyabukorikori baho babaha inzira yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byabo byakozwe n'intoki ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 4 5. OpenMarket.tm (www.openmarket.tm): OpenMarket.tm ikora nk'isoko ryo kumurongo aho ubucuruzi bushobora gutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kubaguzi muri Turukimenisitani. Irimo ibyiciro bitandukanye nkimyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibitabo, ibicuruzwa byiza, nibindi. Nyamuneka menya ko nubwo urubuga rufite uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi bwa Turukimensitan muri iki gihe; icyakora bitewe niterambere cyangwa ejo hazaza nibyiza guhora ugezwaho binyuze mumutungo waho mugihe ushakisha amahirwe ya e-ubucuruzi muri iki gihugu.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Muri Turukimenisitani, kimwe no mu bindi bihugu byinshi, abantu bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye kugira ngo bahuze kandi bavugane n'abandi. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Turukimenisitani: 1. Odnoklassniki: Uru ni umuyoboro uzwi cyane ushingiye ku Burusiya ukoreshwa cyane muri Turukimenisitani. Ifasha abakoresha kongera guhura nabanyeshuri bigana ninshuti zishaje, gusangira amafoto namakuru agezweho, kwinjira mumatsinda, no gukina imikino. Urubuga: https://www.odnoklassniki.ru/ 2. Facebook: N'ubwo leta ibujijwe, Facebook ikomeje gukoreshwa cyane muri Turukimenisitani mu gukomeza kugirana umubano n'umuryango n'inshuti baturutse ku isi. Abakoresha barashobora gusangira inyandiko, amafoto / videwo, guhuza amatsinda / paji, no kwitabira ibiganiro. Urubuga: https://www.facebook.com/ 3. Instagram: Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto rumaze kumenyekana kwisi yose harimo no muri Turukimenisitani. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza amafoto / videwo, gukurikira konti zabandi, nka / gutanga ibitekerezo kumyandiko, kandi bagakoresha filteri zitandukanye kugirango bazamure amashusho yabo. Urubuga: https://www.instagram.com/ 4.Twitter ： Twitter ni urubuga rwa mikorobe yemerera abakoresha kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet bushobora kuba bukubiyemo inyandiko cyangwa ibikubiyemo byinshi. Abakoresha barashobora gukurikira izindi konti, tweet cyangwa gusubiramo, kandi bakishora mubiganiro binyuze mubisubizo cyangwa ubutumwa butaziguye.Urubuga:https: //twitter.com/ 5.Telegramu leg Telegramu ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwihuse itanga ubutumwa bwihuse, bworoshye, kandi butekanye. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi, amajwi / amashusho, kandi bagahamagara amajwi / amashusho. Byongeye kandi, itanga ibintu nko kuganira mu matsinda, kwiyangiza. ubutumwa, gusangira dosiye, nibindi byinshi.Podcast, blog, ibitangazamakuru rusange nabyo bikoresha imiyoboro ya Telegramu nkurubuga rwo gukwirakwiza amakuru.Urubuga：https://telegram.org/ 6 irashobora guhana ubutumwa, gusangira amafoto / videwo, no kwifatanya nabaturage.Urubuga:http://www.vk.com/ Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga muri Turukimenisitani bishobora gukurikiza amategeko ya leta. Kubwibyo, uburyo n'imikorere yibi bibuga bishobora gutandukana. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa gusuzuma umutekano wa interineti n’ibanga mugihe ukoresha izi mbuga.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Turukimenisitani ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati. Ifite ubukungu butandukanye, hamwe ninganda zitandukanye zigira uruhare mu iterambere ryayo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Turukimenisitani: 1. Ihuriro ry’inganda na ba rwiyemezamirimo bo muri Turukimenisitani (UIET): Iri shyirahamwe ryerekana inyungu z’inganda z’inganda, ba rwiyemezamirimo, na ba nyir'ubucuruzi muri Turukimenisitani. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.tpp-tm.org 2. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda: Urugereko ruteza imbere ubucuruzi, ishoramari, n’ubufatanye mu bukungu muri Turukimenisitani no mu mahanga. Ifasha ubucuruzi gutanga amakuru, koroshya amahirwe yo guhuza, no guhagararira inyungu zabo mubuyobozi bubishinzwe. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.cci.tj 3. Uruganda rukora ibikoresho byubaka uruganda: Iri shyirahamwe rihuza ibigo bigira uruhare mubikorwa byo gukora ibikoresho byubwubatsi, harimo uruganda rukora sima nabandi batanga ibikoresho byubaka. 4. Ihuriro ry’abakora peteroli na gazi: Nkurwego rukomeye mubukungu bwigihugu, iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye abakora peteroli na gaze bakorera muri Turukimenisitani. 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho: Hibandwa ku guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga n’inzobere mu bijyanye no guteza imbere porogaramu, gukora ibyuma, serivisi z’itumanaho. 6.Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikoresha amamodoka: Iri shyirahamwe risobanura abakora ibinyabiziga, abatanga ibicuruzwa, abatanga ibicuruzwa, inganda nibindi. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mugutezimbere inganda zabo atanga serivise zingoboka nko kunganira ubutegetsi bwa politiki nziza, amahirwe yo guhuza imiyoboro, gahunda zamahugurwa, namakuru yo kubona isoko kubanyamuryango. Izi nzego zifasha gushimangira ubufatanye hagati yinzego za leta, ubucuruzi, nabafatanyabikorwa. . guhinduka mugihe.Byaba byiza rwose uramutse ugenzuye kurubuga rwamashyirahamwe azagufasha kubona amakuru arambuye kubikorwa byabo, ibikorwa, nibisabwa abanyamuryango.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Turukimenisitani ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, kizwiho umutungo kamere n'ubukungu byateye imbere. Hano hari zimwe mu mbuga zingenzi zijyanye n'ubucuruzi n'ubukungu: 1. Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Turukimenisitani: Uru rubuga rwemewe rutanga amakuru ajyanye na politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’igihugu, amahirwe y’ishoramari, n’amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://mfa.gov.tm/en/ 2. Ihuriro ry’inganda na ba rwiyemezamirimo (UIET) bo muri Turukimenisitani: Uyu muryango uhagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwaho kandi uteza imbere ubukungu binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Urubuga: http://tstb.gov.tm/ 3. Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge no gupima (NISM): NISM itanga ubuziranenge no kugenzura ubuziranenge mu nganda za Turukimenisitani hifashishijwe amategeko ya tekiniki. Urubuga: http://www.turkmenstandartlary.gov.tm/en 4. Serivisi ya Leta ishinzwe kurinda, kugenzura ibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga (CUSTOMS): CUSTOMS ishinzwe koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu kugenzura inzira za gasutamo. Urubuga: http://customs.gov.tm/en/ 5. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda (CCI) rwo muri Turukimenisitani: Uyu muryango ushyigikira iterambere ry’ubucuruzi, worohereza ubufatanye n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga, kandi utanga amakuru y’ingirakamaro ku isoko. Urubuga: https://cci.gov.tm/ 6. Ivunjisha ry'ibicuruzwa bya Leta "IHURIRO RY'UBUCURUZI BWA TURKMENISTANI" (Turukimenisitani K Urubuga: http://www.tme.org.tm/eng 7.Ikigo gishinzwe gushora imari muri Turukiya - Urwego rwa leta rwiyemeje gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga muri Turkemnistan: urubuga: http //: investturkmerm.com Izi mbuga zizaguha amakuru yuzuye ku bukungu bwa Turukimenisitani, amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi, amahirwe yo gushora imari, nizindi ngingo zingirakamaro.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zamakuru yubucuruzi iboneka kuri Turukimenisitani. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe muribo hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Eurostat - Eurostat itanga amakuru y'ibarurishamibare ku bucuruzi bwo hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’ibihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Turukimenisitani. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/umuryango mpuzamahanga 2. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi - Uru rubuga rutanga imibare yubucuruzi namakuru yo kubona isoko kubihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Turukimenisitani. URL: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1||||| 3. Banki y'Isi WITS (World Integrated Trade Solution) - WITS itanga uburyo bwo kubona ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwibicuruzwa, amahoro, hamwe ningamba zidasoreshwa (NTM). URL: https://wits.wisi 4. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye - Ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa bitanga amakuru arambuye yo gutumiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y’ibihugu n’ibicuruzwa. URL: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ 5. CIA World Factbook - Usibye amakuru yigihugu muri rusange, CIA World Factbook inatanga imibare yingenzi ijyanye nubucuruzi kuri Turukimenisitani. URL: https://www.cia.gov/isi-yisi-ibitabo/ibihugu/turkmenistan/#ubukungu Nyamuneka menya ko kugera kububiko runaka cyangwa amakuru bishobora gusaba abanyamuryango cyangwa kwishyura mubihe bimwe. Birasabwa gushakisha kururu rubuga kugirango ubone amakuru yubucuruzi ushaka bijyanye na Turukimenisitani.

B2b

Turukimenisitani, igihugu cyo muri Aziya yo Hagati, gifite B2B nyinshi zorohereza ibikorwa byubucuruzi. Ihuriro ritanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwo guhuza, gucuruza, no gufatanya. Hano hari urubuga rwa B2B muri Turukimenisitani hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ubucuruzi bwa Turukimenisitani: Uru rubuga rugamije guteza imbere amahirwe y’ubucuruzi muri Turukimenisitani uhuza abatanga ibicuruzwa n’abatumiza mu mahanga n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: www.turkmenbusiness.org 2. Centre yubucuruzi yo muri Aziya yo hagati (CATC): CATC nisoko rya interineti rifasha ubucuruzi gucuruza ibicuruzwa na serivisi muri Turukimenisitani no mubindi bihugu byo muri Aziya yo hagati. Urubuga: www.catc.asia 3. AlemSapar: AlemSapar itanga isoko rya digitale aho abatanga ibicuruzwa bashobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo mugihe abaguzi bashobora gushakisha no kuvana ibicuruzwa bitandukanye muri Turukimenisitani. Urubuga: www.alemsapar.com 4. Isoko rya Turukimenisitani: Uru rubuga rufasha ubucuruzi mu gushaka abafatanyabikorwa mu mishinga ihuriweho, serivisi zohereza hanze, guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga, imishinga ishora imari, n'ibindi byinshi ku isoko rya Turukimenisitani. Urubuga: www.market-turkmen.biz 5.Hi-Tm-Biznes (Hi-TM-Business): Hi-TM-Biznes itanga urubuga rwa ba rwiyemezamirimo n'abacuruzi kugira ngo bahuze kandi bashakishe ubufatanye mu bucuruzi mu gihugu cya Turkemnistan. Urubuga: http: //www.hi-tm-biznes.gov.tm/ Izi porogaramu za B2B zitanga inganda zitandukanye nkubuhinzi, imyenda, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, imashini & ibikoresho byo gukodesha ibikoresho mugihe byorohereza itumanaho hagati y’abakora ibicuruzwa mu gihugu / abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga / abashoramari. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka cyangwa gukora neza kuribi bibuga bishobora gutandukana mugihe; ni byiza rero gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze cyangwa kugisha inama ibikoresho byaho kugirango bigezweho amakuru mbere yo gukoresha urubuga runaka rwa B2B muri Turkmensitan.
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