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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Esitoniya ni igihugu gito giherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru. Hatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.3, ni kimwe mu bihugu bito mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Igihugu gifite amateka akomeye kandi cyatewe n'imico itandukanye mubuzima bwayo. Esitoniya yabonye ubwigenge muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1991 kandi kuva icyo gihe yamenyekanye nk'imwe mu bihugu byateye imbere ku isi. Umurwa mukuru wacyo, Tallinn, uzwi cyane kubera Umujyi wa kera wo hagati, ukurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi. Nubwo ari ntoya, Esitoniya ifite ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye harimo amashyamba yinzitane, ibiyaga byiza, n’inyanja nziza cyane ku nyanja ya Baltique. Igihugu kibamo ibihe bine byose, hamwe nimpeshyi yoroheje nimbeho ikonje. Ubukungu bwa Esitoniya bwabonye iterambere rikomeye kuva bwabonye ubwigenge. Ikubiyemo udushya n’inganda zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga nka serivisi za IT, e-ubucuruzi, no gutangiza. Esitoniya izwi kandi kuba igihugu cyita ku bidukikije gishora imari cyane mu masoko y’ingufu zishobora kubaho. Ururimi rwa Esitoniya ni urw'ururimi rwa Finno-Ugric - rudafitanye isano n'izindi ndimi nyinshi zo mu Burayi - rukaba rwihariye mu karere. Ariko, icyongereza kivugwa cyane mubisekuru. Abanya Esitoniya bishimira cyane umurage wabo w’umuco ushobora kugaragara binyuze mu minsi mikuru ya muzika gakondo, imbyino n'imbyino. Bizihiza umunsi wa Midsummer cyangwa Jaanipäev nkumunsi mukuru wigihugu hamwe na bonfires nibirori byo hanze. Uburezi buhabwa agaciro cyane muri Esitoniya hibandwa ku bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga. Igihugu gihora ku mwanya wa mbere ku bipimo mpuzamahanga by’uburezi nka PISA (Porogaramu ishinzwe isuzuma mpuzamahanga ry’abanyeshuri). Ku bijyanye n’imiyoborere, Esitoniya ikora nka demokarasi ishinga amategeko aho ingufu za politiki zishingiye ku bayobozi batowe binyuze mu matora y’ubuntu aba buri myaka ine. Muri rusange ston Esitoniya irashobora kuba ntoya ariko iki gihugu cya Baltique gitanga ahantu nyaburanga technologies ikoranabuhanga rishya sense imyumvire ikomeye iranga imizi mu mateka yayo ， hamwe n’abatuye urugwiro ， byose bigira uruhare mu miterere yihariye y’igihugu.

Ifaranga rya Esitoniya rirangwa no kwemeza amayero. Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2011, Esitoniya yabaye umunyamuryango wa Eurozone kandi yasimbuye amafaranga yahoze ari igihugu, kroon, hamwe na euro (€). Icyemezo cyo kwemeza amayero cyari intambwe ikomeye kuri Esitoniya kuko cyagereranyaga kwishyira hamwe kw’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi no kurushaho guhuza n’ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi. Iyi ntambwe yatanze inyungu zitandukanye nko kongera ubukungu bwifashe neza, koroshya ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu bya Eurozone, gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga, no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo. Hamwe no kwinjiza ama euro muri Esitoniya, ibikorwa byose ubu bikorwa muma euro. Ibiceri n'inoti zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bwa buri munsi ni amayero asanzwe ya euro kuva kuri € 0.01 kugeza € 2 ku biceri no kuva kuri € 5 kugeza kuri 500 ku inoti. Banki ya Esitoniya ishinzwe gutanga no kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ry'amaeuro mu gihugu. Ikorana cyane na banki nkuru z’ibindi bihugu bya Eurozone kugira ngo amafaranga ahamye mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Kuva Euro yakira amayero, yabonye ingaruka nziza mubukungu bwayo. Yabonye igipimo cyo guta agaciro k'ifaranga ugereranije n'igihe bari bafite ifaranga ryigihugu. Byongeye kandi, ubucuruzi bwungukiye mu kongera amahirwe y’ubucuruzi mu Burayi kubera gukorera mu mucyo no kugabanya ibiciro by’ubucuruzi. Muri rusange, kuba Esitoniya yemeye amayero bigaragaza ko yiyemeje ubumwe bw’ubukungu bukomeye mu Burayi ndetse ikanishimira inyungu nko kongera ihungabana ry’imari ndetse no guteza imbere ubucuruzi binyuze mu guhuza ubucuruzi bworoshye n’ibihugu duturanye bisangiye aya mafaranga.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Esitoniya ni Euro (EUR). Kubijyanye nigipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja amafaranga yingenzi, nyamuneka menya ko ashobora guhinduka mugihe. Ariko, guhera muri Nzeri 2021, dore igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja: 1 EUR = 1.18 USD 1 EUR = 0,85 GBP 1 EUR = 129 JPY 1 EUR = 9.76 CNY Nyamuneka uzirikane ko ibi biciro bishobora guhinduka kandi burigihe nibyiza kugisha inama igikoresho cyizewe cyo guhindura amafaranga cyangwa ikigo cyimari mugihe nyacyo kandi nyacyo cyo kuvunja.

Esitoniya, igihugu gito mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'umwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru iragaragaza umurage ndangamuco gakondo n'amateka yabaturage ba Esitoniya. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Esitoniya ni umunsi wubwigenge, wizihizwa ku ya 24 Gashyantare. Yibuka umunsi mu 1918 Esitoniya yatangaje ko yigenga mu Burusiya. Igihugu cyamenyekanye nkigihugu cyigenga nyuma yikinyejana cyubutegetsi bwamahanga. Kuri uyumunsi, ibirori nibirori bitandukanye bibera mugihugu hose kugirango bubahirize indangamuntu nubwisanzure. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi ni umunsi wa Midsummer cyangwa Juhannus, wizihizwa ku ya 23 na 24 Kamena. Azwi nka Jaanipäev muri Esitoniya, iranga uburebure bw'impeshyi kandi yashinze imizi mu migenzo ya gipagani ya kera. Abantu bateranira hafi ya bonfire kugirango baririmbe indirimbo gakondo, kubyina, gukina imikino, no kwishimira ibiryo gakondo nkinyama zokeje na sosiso. Noheri cyangwa Jõulud bifite akamaro gakomeye kubanya Esitoniya. Yizihijwe ku ya 24-26 Ukuboza kimwe n’ibindi bihugu byinshi ku isi, ihuza imiryango yo kurya no guhana impano. Imigenzo gakondo ikubiyemo gusura amasoko ya Noheri kugirango wishimire ibikorwa byiminsi mikuru nko gusiganwa ku rubura cyangwa gushakisha ibicuruzwa byubukorikori. Iserukiramuco ryindirimbo cyangwa Laulupidu nikintu gishushanyo kibaho buri myaka itanu i Tallinn - umurwa mukuru wa Esitoniya. Irerekana ishyaka ryigihugu ryumuziki hamwe namakorari rusange akora indirimbo zumwuka ahantu hafunguye hitwa Tallinn Song Festival Grounds. Iri serukiramuco rikurura abantu ibihumbi icumi bitabiriye impande zose za Esitoniya bahurira hamwe kwishimira urukundo bakunda umuziki. Hanyuma, umunsi wo gutsinda (Võidupüha) wibutse ibintu bibiri byingenzi byabayeho mu mateka: Intambara ya Cēsis (1919) mu gihe cy’intambara yo kwigenga ya Esitoniya yarwanye n’ingabo z’Abasoviyeti ndetse n’indi ntsinzi yatsinze Abadage bigaruriye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose (1944). Yizihijwe ku ya 23 Kamena, iributsa imbaraga z'Abanyesitoniya n'imbaraga zo kurengera ubusugire bw'igihugu cyabo. Mu gusoza, Esitoniya yizihiza iminsi mikuru itandukanye yumwaka wose, harimo umunsi wubwigenge, umunsi wizuba, Noheri, umunsi mukuru windirimbo, numunsi watsinze. Ibi bihe byerekana imigenzo ya Esitoniya, amateka, umuco wumuziki kandi bibera amahirwe abantu guhurira mubirori bishimishije.

Esitoniya, iherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, ni igihugu gito cya Baltique gituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.3. Nubwo ari ntoya, Esitoniya yagize ubukungu bwiyongera cyane mu myaka mike ishize kandi yagaragaye nk'imwe mu bihugu byateye imbere ku isi. Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, Esitoniya ifite ubukungu bwuguruye cyane bushingiye cyane ku byoherezwa mu mahanga. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi muri iki gihugu ni ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Ubudage bukaba isoko rinini ku bicuruzwa bya Esitoniya. Abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Suwede, Finlande, Lativiya, n'Uburusiya. Inzego zambere zohereza ibicuruzwa muri Esitoniya ni imashini n’ibikoresho byo mu nganda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa by’amabuye y'agaciro (nk'amavuta ya shale), ibiti n'ibiti, ibikomoka ku biribwa (harimo amata), n'ibikoresho. Izi nganda zigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza Esitoniya. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu gihugu bigizwe ahanini n’imashini n’ibikoresho bikenerwa mu nganda - harimo ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu nk'imodoka - amabuye y'agaciro na lisansi (nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli), imiti (harimo imiti), ndetse n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikoreshwa nk'imyenda. Esitoniya yungukirwa no kuba umunyamuryango w’isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ryemerera ibicuruzwa mu bihugu by’abanyamuryango nta musoro cyangwa inzitizi. Byongeye kandi, igira uruhare runini mu mashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi ku isi kugira ngo ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi biboneye ku rwego rw’isi. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kurushaho, Esitoniya yashyizeho kandi uduce twinshi tw’ubukungu ku buntu mu karere kayo itanga uburyo bwiza ku bashoramari b’abanyamahanga bashaka gushinga imishinga cyangwa gukora ibikorwa by’inganda. Muri rusange, aho Esitoniya iherereye mu karere gaherereye mu masangano hagati y’Uburayi bwo hagati na Scandinaviya hamwe n’ubukungu bwuguruye byatumye itera imbere nk’igihugu cyerekeza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe gikurura ishoramari ry’amahanga ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.

Esitoniya, igihugu gito giherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, gifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hamwe n'abakozi bize cyane hamwe nubucuruzi bwiza, Esitoniya itanga amahirwe menshi mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, aho Esitoniya iherereye niho itanga akarusho mubijyanye no gutwara no gutwara abantu. Ikora nk'irembo ry’akarere ka Nordic na Baltique, itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku masoko akomeye nka Finlande, Suwede, Uburusiya, n'Ubudage. Iyi myanya yimiterere ituma ubucuruzi muri Esitoniya bukwirakwiza neza ibicuruzwa byabo muburayi. Byongeye kandi, Esitoniya izwiho ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bya sisitemu na serivisi za e-guverinoma. Igihugu cyibanze ku bisubizo bya e-imiyoborere nkumukono wa digitale hamwe nu mbuga za interineti zifite umutekano. Ubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga bworohereza ibigo byamahanga guhuza nabatanga Esitoniya cyangwa abakiriya kuri elegitoroniki. Byongeye kandi, Esitoniya itanga ibidukikije byunganira ubucuruzi hamwe na ruswa nkeya na bureaucracy. Igihugu kiza ku isonga mu bipimo mpuzamahanga bitandukanye bipima koroshya ubucuruzi kandi bifatwa nk'imwe mu bukungu bugaragara ku isi. Izi ngingo zitera ikirere gishimishije cyishoramari gishishikariza ubucuruzi bwamahanga gushinga ibikorwa muri Esitoniya cyangwa gufatanya nabafatanyabikorwa baho. Byongeye kandi, Abanyesitoniya bazwiho ubuhanga bwo kumenya ururimi rwicyongereza - ubu buhanga bufasha itumanaho hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga - bitera inzitizi nke mu gukora ubucuruzi neza. Icya nyuma ariko rwose ntabwo ari ngombwa ni ugushimangira cyane guhanga udushya mu bukungu bwa Esitoniya. Igihugu cyabonye iterambere ryihuse mu gutangiza mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (IT), fintech (ikoranabuhanga ry’imari), ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabuzima, ibisubizo by’ingufu zisukuye, n'ibindi. Umwuka wo kwihangira imirimo uratera imbere hano kubera politiki ya leta ishyigikira ishishikarizwa kwihangira imirimo binyuze muri gahunda zatewe inkunga cyangwa gutera inkunga nka Startup Visa. Muri rusange, Esitoniya ihurira hamwe n’ahantu heza, ibikorwa remezo byiza, ibidukikije byorohereza ubucuruzi, urwego rudasanzwe rwo gukorera mu mucyo, no gushimangira udushya bitanga amahirwe menshi ku masosiyete y’amahanga ashakisha amahirwe mashya y’ubucuruzi. mu Burayi bw’Amajyaruguru, ube umwe mu bagize urwego rw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa utangire ubufatanye n’abashoramari bashya baho.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikenewe ku isoko ryo hanze muri Esitoniya, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Esitoniya iherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, ifite ubukungu buto ariko butera imbere butuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.3. Kugirango umenye ibicuruzwa bigurishwa cyane ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri iki gihugu, umuntu agomba kuzirikana ibi bikurikira: 1. Ibyifuzo byabaguzi: Ubushakashatsi no gusobanukirwa uburyohe bwihariye nibyifuzo byabaguzi ba Esitoniya ni ngombwa. Gisesengura imigendekere no gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko kugirango umenye ibicuruzwa bikunzwe muri iki gihe. 2. Umusaruro waho: Gusuzuma ubushobozi bwumusaruro waho birashobora kuba ingirakamaro muguhitamo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Esitoniya. Wibande ku bicuruzwa bitaboneka cyane mu karere cyangwa bishobora kuzuza inganda zaho. 3. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge: Abaguzi ba Esitoniya bashima ibicuruzwa byiza cyane bitanga agaciro kumafaranga. Hitamo ibintu byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga kandi bifite ibimenyetso cyangwa inyungu bikurura abakiriya bashaka ibicuruzwa byiza. 4. Ibicuruzwa bya Digital: Esitoniya izwi nka e-societe ifite ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bya digitale, bigatuma iba isoko ryibicuruzwa byabaguzi nka elegitoroniki, porogaramu za porogaramu, na serivisi zo kumurongo. 5. Ibicuruzwa birambye: Kuramba biragenda byiyongera ku isi yose, harimo no mu bucuruzi bwa Esitoniya aho ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije bifite abakiriya benshi. Tekereza gutanga ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije nkibiryo kama cyangwa imyenda irambye. 6.Ibicuruzwa biva muri Esitoniya ： Menya ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri Esitoniya bikunze koherezwa mu mahanga kubera ko bishobora kuba byaratanzwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga; ibi birashobora kandi kwerekana amahirwe ashobora kuba mumasoko yimbere. 7.Ibicuruzwa bigurishwa cyane: Gutohoza ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga bikunzwe cyane mu baturage ba Esitoniya ukoresheje isesengura ry’ibyiciro byatumijwe mu mahanga biva mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi. Iri sesengura rishobora kwerekana icyuho gikenewe aho ushobora gutangiza ubundi buryo bushya bufite ireme ryiza cyangwa irushanwa rihiganwa. . Iyo usuzumye witonze ibyo abaguzi bakunda kandi ukibanda ku bicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bikwiranye n’ibyo bakeneye mu gihe hifashishijwe iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya digitale aho bishoboka, ubu buryo bushobora gufasha ubucuruzi guhitamo neza ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye byoherezwa mu isoko ry’amahanga rya Esitoniya.

Esitoniya ni igihugu kidasanzwe giherereye ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bw'inyanja ya Baltique mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru. Hatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.3, izwiho umurage ukungahaye ku muco ndetse n'ahantu nyaburanga. Mugihe cyo gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira muri Esitoniya, dore ingingo zingenzi tugomba gusuzuma: Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Kwubahiriza igihe: Abanyesitoniya baha agaciro igihe kandi bashima abandi kuba mugihe cyo kubonana cyangwa guterana. Kugera utinze birashobora kubonwa ko ari agasuzuguro. 2. Kamere yabigenewe: Abanya Esitoniya muri rusange binjiye kandi babitswe muri kamere, bahitamo umwanya bwite hamwe n’ibanga. 3. Itumanaho ritaziguye: Abantu bo muri Esitoniya bakunda gushima itumanaho ritaziguye kandi rinyangamugayo nta biganiro bito bikabije cyangwa imyitwarire ikabije. 4. Ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere: Esitoniya ni kimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ku isi, hamwe na sosiyete ihuza imibare imenyereye serivisi zo kuri interineti. Kirazira: 1. Gukangura politiki: Irinde kuganira ku ngingo zoroshye zijyanye na politiki cyangwa amateka atavugwaho rumwe, cyane cyane ayerekeye ibihugu bituranye n'Uburusiya. 2. Ibibazo byumuntu ku giti cye: Bifatwa nkubupfura kubaza ibibazo byumuntu ku byinjira byumuntu, ibibazo byumuryango, cyangwa imiterere yumubano keretse washyizeho umubano wa hafi nabo. 3. Kugaragariza urukundo kumugaragaro: Kugaragariza abantu urukundo nko gusomana cyangwa guhobera ntibisanzwe mubantu batazi cyangwa abo tuziranye; rero nibyiza kwirinda imyitwarire nkiyi keretse mubucuti bwa hafi. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kubahiriza umuco wumuco bizafasha gushiraho umubano mwiza nabakiriya ba Esitoniya mugihe bakora ubucuruzi cyangwa bagasabana mubihugu byabo

Esitoniya, iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi, ifite gahunda yo gucunga neza gasutamo. Ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo muri iki gihugu bugamije koroshya ubucuruzi no kurengera inyungu za Esitoniya ndetse n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Iyo winjiye cyangwa uvuye muri Esitoniya, hari amategeko n'amabwiriza abantu bagomba gukurikiza: 1. Amatangazo ya gasutamo: Iyo uhageze cyangwa uvuye muri Esitoniya, abagenzi basabwa kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bimwe. Ibi birimo ibintu bifite agaciro gasaga 10,000 € mumafaranga (cyangwa ahwanye nandi mafranga), imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa inyamaswa zirinzwe namasezerano mpuzamahanga. 2. Amafaranga atishyurwa: Esitoniya ikurikiza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bicuruzwa bitazanwa mu gihugu kugira ngo bikoreshwe ku giti cye. Izi nkunga zirimo imipaka yihariye ku bicuruzwa by itabi, ibinyobwa bisindisha, parufe, ikawa / ibicuruzwa bya shokora. 3. Ibicuruzwa bibujijwe / bibujijwe: Hariho ibicuruzwa bimwe bidashobora kuzanwa muri Esitoniya cyangwa bisaba uruhushya rwihariye / impushya. Ibi birashobora kubamo ibice byubwoko / ibicuruzwa (urugero, amahembe yinzovu), intwaro / ibisasu bitabiherewe uburenganzira / uruhushya rutangwa ninzego zibishinzwe. 4. Gahunda yo gusubizwa TVA y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi: Abatari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi baguze ibicuruzwa muri Esitoniya barashobora kwemererwa gusubizwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro mu gihe cyo kugenda mu bihe byihariye nko kugura amafaranga make yo kugura no kuzuza impapuro zabigenewe ku maduka yitabiriye mbere yo kuva mu gihugu. 5. Kugenzura imipaka yambukiranya imipaka: Iyo ugiye / uva mu Burusiya unyuze ku mipaka y’ubutaka bwa Esitoniya (urugero, Narva), ni ngombwa gukoresha ibirindiro byagenwe mu gihe hubahirizwa amategeko / amabwiriza yashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo bwa Esitoniya n’Uburusiya. 6. Sisitemu ya e-gasutamo: Kugirango itunganyirizwe neza ibicuruzwa byinjira / bisohoka mu gihugu hagamijwe ubucuruzi (burenze urugero / ibipimo ntarengwa), abacuruzi barashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bizwi nka sisitemu ya e-gasutamo itangwa n’ikigo cy’imisoro na gasutamo cya Esitoniya . Wibuke ko aya mabwiriza akora nkamakuru rusange yerekeye imicungire ya gasutamo muri Esitoniya; burigihe birasabwa kugisha inama inkomoko nkikigo gishinzwe imisoro na gasutamo cya Esitoniya kumakuru agezweho kandi yukuri mbere yo gutembera cyangwa gutumiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Esitoniya, iherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, ifite politiki y’ubucuruzi isa naho yisanzuye mu bijyanye n’imisoro n’imisoro ku bicuruzwa. Iki gihugu ni umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) kandi gikurikiza uburyo rusange bw’ibiciro byo hanze. Nk’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Esitoniya yungukirwa no kugenda ku bicuruzwa ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi bidasoreshwa imisoro ya gasutamo cyangwa imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa rwemerera ubucuruzi bwa Esitoniya guhahirana n'inzitizi ntoya muri EU, biteza imbere ubukungu no kuzamuka. Ariko, hari bimwe bidasanzwe aho imisoro yatumizwa mu mahanga ishobora gukurikizwa. Harimo ibicuruzwa nkitabi, inzoga, lisansi, ibinyabiziga, nibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byubuhinzi bitarenze amategeko agenga ubuhinzi rusange. Amahoro yatumijwe muri ibyo bicuruzwa ubusanzwe agenwa n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi muri rusange ahujwe n’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango. Usibye amahoro ya gasutamo, Esitoniya ishyiraho kandi umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro muri Esitoniya ni 20%. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga bitangirwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro hashingiwe ku gaciro byatangajwe kuri gasutamo. Rimwe na rimwe, igipimo cy’imisoro yagabanutse cyangwa zeru zishobora gukoreshwa mu byiciro byihariye by’ibicuruzwa bifatwa nkibyingenzi cyangwa bifite akamaro mu mibereho. Ni ngombwa ku bucuruzi bwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Esitoniya kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza yose ya gasutamo akoreshwa n'inshingano z’imisoro. Bagomba kuba bamenyereye ibyangombwa bisabwa kandi bagasobanukirwa ibyakuweho cyangwa ubusonerwe bushobora kuboneka mubyiciro bimwe byinjira hanze. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Esitoniya ihuye n’iyashyizweho n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu gihe yemerera ihinduka ry’imisoro ku nyungu z’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Izi ngamba ziteza imbere ubucuruzi bweruye mugihe harengera inyungu zigihugu nkibibazo byubuzima rusange cyangwa umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu.

Esitoniya, igihugu gito cya Baltique giherereye mu Burayi bw’Amajyaruguru, cyashyize mu bikorwa gahunda y’imisoro idasanzwe izwi ku izina ry’imisoro yo muri Esitoniya, ikoreshwa no ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Sisitemu yagenewe guteza imbere ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Muri Esitoniya, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bisonewe umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA). Ibi bivuze ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze batagomba kwishyura umusoro ku bicuruzwa bagurisha hanze. Iyi nyungu ituma ibicuruzwa bya Esitoniya birushanwe kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, iyo bigeze ku musoro ku nyungu z’amasosiyete ku nyungu zoherezwa mu mahanga, Esitoniya ifata inzira idasanzwe. Aho gusoresha inyungu ziva mu byoherezwa mu mahanga ku gipimo gisanzwe cy’imisoro ku nyungu z’amasosiyete zingana na 20%, ibigo bifite amahitamo yiswe "reinvestment", ibemerera kongera inyungu zabo mu bucuruzi badasoreshwa. Ariko, niba ayo mafranga yongeye gutangwa yatanzwe nkinyungu cyangwa agakoreshwa mubikorwa bitari ubucuruzi, bazasoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, Esitoniya yashyizeho ibyambu byinshi ku buntu hamwe n’akarere kihariye k’ubukungu aho ubucuruzi bukora ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bushobora kungukirwa no kongera imisoro no kugabanya imisoro. Amasosiyete akorera muri utwo turere yishimira inyungu nk’amafaranga make yo gukodesha ubutaka no gusonerwa imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Twabibutsa ko mu gihe Esitoniya itanga imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze mu gusonerwa no gushimishwa na politiki y’imisoro ndetse n’ibyambu bitandukanye ku buntu, ubucuruzi bugomba kugisha inama abanyamwuga bazobereye mu mategeko y’imisoro yo muri Esitoniya kugira ngo babayobore neza bijyanye n'ibyo bakeneye.

Esitoniya ni igihugu gito giherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, kizwiho inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Sisitemu yo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byayo byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga kandi bikamenyekana ku isi yose. Esitoniya itanga ibyiciro byinshi byo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge, umutekano, no kubahiriza ibicuruzwa byayo. Kimwe mu byemezo byingenzi ni ikimenyetso cya CE, cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Iki cyemezo cyemerera abohereza ibicuruzwa muri Esitoniya kugurisha ibicuruzwa byabo mu bwisanzure mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nta kizamini cyongeyeho cyangwa ibyangombwa. Usibye kuranga CE, Esitoniya itanga izindi mpamyabumenyi zitandukanye zinganda zitandukanye. Kurugero, kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, hari icyemezo cya HACCP (Isesengura rya Hazard na Critical Control Points), cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byibiribwa bikozwe mubipimo byisuku no kugenzura. Ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi gikunze gushakishwa n’abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Esitoniya ni ISO 9001. Iki gipimo cyemewe ku isi cyemeza ko isosiyete yashyizeho uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga neza kandi igatanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi nziza. Ku masosiyete akora ibicuruzwa kama cyangwa ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, Esitoniya itanga icyemezo cya ECOCERT. Iki kirango cyemeza ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije nta miti yubukorikori cyangwa GMO. Byongeye kandi, ubuhanga bwa digitale bwa Esitoniya butuma inzira zoherezwa mu mahanga zitanga ibyemezo bya elegitoronike binyuze ku mbuga za interineti nka e-Impamyabumenyi cyangwa e-Phytosanitar. Ibi bisubizo bya digitale ntibigabanya gusa imitwaro yubuyobozi ahubwo binongera umucyo numutekano mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Mu gusoza, Esitoniya ifite akamaro kanini mu kwemeza ubuziranenge no kubahiriza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze mu mpamyabumenyi zitandukanye nka ikimenyetso cya CE, ISO 9001, icyemezo cya HACCP ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, na ECOCERT ku bicuruzwa kama. Byongeye kandi; ibisubizo bya digitale byorohereza uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mugutanga ibyemezo bya elegitoronike kumurongo.

Esitoniya ni igihugu gito giherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, kizwiho inganda zikora neza kandi zizewe. Hano hari serivisi zisabwa muri Esitoniya: 1. Poste ya Eesti (Omniva): Uyu niwo mutanga wigihugu wamaposita muri Esitoniya, atanga uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Eesti Post itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo gutanga amabaruwa, kohereza ibicuruzwa, kohereza ubutumwa bwihuse, hamwe na e-ubucuruzi ibisubizo. 2. DHL Esitoniya: Hamwe numuyoboro mugari wisi yose hamwe nibikorwa bimaze kugaragara neza muri Esitoniya, DHL itanga ibisubizo byinshi mubisubizo byibikoresho birimo ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere, imizigo yo mu nyanja, ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda, ububiko, na serivisi zishinzwe gutanga gasutamo. Serivise zabo zizwiho kwizerwa no gukora neza. 3. Schenker AS: Iyi ni indi sosiyete ikomeye itanga ibisubizo byujuje ubuziranenge muri Esitoniya. Schenker itanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutwara abantu nko gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere, gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda kimwe na serivisi zita ku bikoresho birimo ububiko no kubikwirakwiza. 4. Itella Logistics: Itella Logistics ikora cyane muri leta ya Baltique ifite amashami menshi muri Esitoniya. Bafite ubuhanga mu gucunga ubwikorezi kuva kugabanywa mu gihugu kugeza kugemura imipaka muri Scandinaviya no mu burasirazuba bw'Uburayi. 5. Elme Trans OÜ: Niba ukeneye gutunganya cyangwa gutwara ibintu biremereye cyangwa gutwara imizigo iremereye cyangwa hanze yumupaka wa Esitoniya Elme Trans OÜ irashobora guhitamo hamwe nibitekerezo byabo byubuhanga nko gutwara ibintu biremereye kuri axe hydraulic cyangwa mumagare ya gari ya moshi. 6. Icyambu cya Tallinn: Nka kimwe mu byambu binini byo mu karere ka nyanja ya Baltique hamwe n’ahantu heza h’imiterere yungukira mu Burusiya binyuze muri gari ya moshi hamwe no kutagira urubura mu bice byinshi bikora neza nk'irembo rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi hagati y’iburengerazuba Uburayi Scandinaviya Ibihugu byu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba ku isi ku nyungu z’ubucuruzi bw’amajyaruguru-Amajyepfo zitangwa na koridoro ya Via Baltica. Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa mubigo byinshi bizwi byo gutanga ibikoresho biboneka muri Esitoniya bitanga serivisi zinyuranye zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mubikoresho bitandukanye. Waba ukeneye serivisi ziposita, kwerekana ubutumwa bwihuse, kohereza ibicuruzwa cyangwa no gukemura ibibazo byihariye no gutwara abantu n'ibintu, Esitoniya ifite uburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho bihari kugirango uhuze ibyo usabwa.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Esitoniya ni igihugu gito ariko kigaragara kiri mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru. Nubwo ingano yacyo, Esitoniya imaze gutera intambwe igaragara yo kwigira ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi. Inzira imwe yingenzi yo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Esitoniya ni uburyo bwa e-Amasoko. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bushya bwo gutanga amasoko ya e-amasoko yitwa Riigi Hangete Register (RHR), butuma abatanga ibicuruzwa mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga bitabira amasoko ya leta. Sisitemu itanga gukorera mu mucyo n'amahirwe angana kubitabiriye amahugurwa bose, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubucuruzi bushaka kwagura isi yose. Usibye e-Amasoko, Esitoniya inatanga imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha byinshi bitanga amahirwe meza yo guhuza imiyoboro, kwerekana ibicuruzwa, no gushakisha ubufatanye bushoboka. Imurikagurisha rinini mu gihugu ni ikigo cy’imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi cya Esitoniya (Eesti Näituste AS), giherereye i Tallinn - umurwa mukuru wa Esitoniya. Iki kigo cyakira imurikagurisha ritandukanye mu mwaka wose mu bice byinshi birimo ikoranabuhanga, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, ubukerarugendo, imideli, n'ibindi. Ikindi gikorwa gikomeye ni iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Tartu (Tartu Ärinädal), riba buri mwaka i Tartu - umujyi wa kabiri muri Esitoniya. Iri serukiramuco rihuza abakora ibicuruzwa, abadandaza, abatanga serivise kimwe n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ashaka gushiraho amasoko ku isoko rya Esitoniya. Byongeye kandi, Esitoniya yitabira cyane ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka "HANNOVER MESSE" yabereye mu Budage cyangwa "Mobile World Congress" yabereye i Barcelona - Espanye. Iki gihugu kandi cyakira inama zihariye zishingiye ku mirenge nka Latitude59 - imwe mu nama z’ikoranabuhanga zibanze ku ikoranabuhanga. ku gutangira kuva mu majyaruguru ya Baltique. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga, Esitoniya nayo igira uruhare rugaragara ku isi yose binyuze mu masezerano y’ibihugu byombi n’ibindi bihugu nka Belt & Road Initiative y’Ubushinwa cyangwa amasezerano atandukanye y’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye n’ibihugu byo ku isi.Aya masezerano ashyiraho uburyo bwiza bw’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka hagabanywa imisoro ku gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga hagati y’ibihugu. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Esitoniya n’imiryango itandukanye itanga inkunga ku bucuruzi bw’ibanze mu bikorwa byo kuzamura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, Enterprises Esitoniya itanga gahunda nka gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukungu no guteza imbere ubucuruzi, itanga ubufasha bwamafaranga nubuyobozi kumasosiyete yo muri Esitoniya ashaka kohereza ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi. Mu gusoza, Esitoniya itanga amahirwe menshi yo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutanga amasoko kandi inakira imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha bitandukanye mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, Esitoniya igira uruhare rugaragara mu imurikagurisha n’ubucuruzi byemewe ku isi ndetse ikanashyiraho amasezerano y’ibihugu byombi. Kubera kwiyemeza guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ubucuruzi, Esitoniya yihagararaho nk'ahantu heza ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka kwagura amasoko yabo.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Esitoniya, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. Google - moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kwisi yose, izwiho ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi hamwe ninshuti-yorohereza abakoresha. Urubuga: www.google.ee 2. Eesti otsingumootorid (Imashini ishakisha Esitoniya) - Urubuga rutanga ububiko bwa moteri zitandukanye zishakisha Esitoniya zita cyane cyane kubanya Esitoniya. Urubuga: www.searchengine.ee 3. Yandex - moteri ishakisha ikorera mu Burusiya ikoreshwa cyane muri Esitoniya, izwiho kuba ikomeye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba kandi itanga ibisubizo byaho ku bakoresha Esitoniya. Urubuga: www.yandex.ee 4. Bing - moteri yishakisha ya Microsoft, nayo itanga ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bijyanye nabakoresha muri Esitoniya. Urubuga: www.bing.com 5. Gutangira / Ecosia - Izi ni moteri zishakisha zishingiye ku buzima bwite zidakurikirana cyangwa ngo zibike amakuru y’abakoresha mu gihe zitanga ibisubizo bigenewe abakoresha ukurikije ibibazo byabo muri Esitoniya no mu bindi bihugu. Urubuga: Intangiriro - www.startpage.com Ecosia - www.ecosia.org 6. DuckDuckGo - Indi moteri ishakisha ubuzima bwite idakurikirana ibikorwa byabakoresha cyangwa kubika amakuru yihariye mugihe ikomeje gutanga ibisubizo bifatika kubakoresha Esitoniya. Urubuga: https://duckduckgo.com/ Izi ni moteri zikoreshwa cyane mubakoresha interineti muri Esitoniya; icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko Google ikomeje guhitamo abantu benshi ku rubuga rwa interineti ku isi ndetse no muri Esitoniya kubera ko igera kandi yizewe.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Amapaji yingenzi yumuhondo ya Esitoniya arimo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Esitoniya: Urupapuro rwemewe rwumuhondo ububiko bwa Esitoniya, butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi rwashyizwe mubikorwa ninganda. Urashobora gushakisha ubucuruzi ukurikije izina ryabo, aho uri, cyangwa serivisi zitangwa. urubuga: yp.est. 2. 1182: Bumwe mu bayobozi bayobora kumurongo muri Esitoniya, butanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi butandukanye mugihugu. Ububiko bukubiyemo ibigo mumirenge itandukanye kandi bitanga ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe nibisobanuro bigufi bya buri rutonde. urubuga: 1182.ee. 3. Infoweb: Ububiko buzwi cyane kumurongo butuma abayikoresha babona kandi bagahuza ubucuruzi muri Esitoniya vuba. Ububiko bukubiyemo inganda zitandukanye kuva mubwakiranyi kugeza kubuvuzi kandi zirimo uburyo bwo kuyungurura kugirango tunonosore ibisubizo byubushakashatsi neza. urubuga: infoweb.ee. 4. Umujyi24 Urupapuro rwumuhondo: Iki gitabo cyibanda cyane cyane ku guhuza abantu n’abatanga serivisi zijyanye n’imitungo itimukanwa, ubwubatsi, n’imiterere yimbere mu mijyi minini ya Esitoniya nka Tallinn na Tartu. Itanga imyirondoro irambuye yamasosiyete hamwe namakuru yamakuru. urubuga: umujyi24.ee/en/urubuga. 5.Estlanders Business Directory: Ubucuruzi bwa B2B bukora muri Esitoniya butanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku masosiyete akorera mu nzego nyinshi mu bukungu bw’igihugu hano urashobora kubona isosiyete ikorana n’abafatanyabikorwa yizewe. Imibare ihuza abantu, aderesi imeri, n’urubuga birahari hano.Ushobora kubisuzuma kuri estlanders .com / ubucuruzi-ububiko Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka cyangwa zishobora kugira aderesi zitandukanye kubera ivugurura cyangwa itandukaniro mugutanga amazina mugihe

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Esitoniya ni igihugu cyiza giherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, kizwiho ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bya sisitemu ndetse na sosiyete iterwa n'ikoranabuhanga. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Esitoniya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Kaubamaja (https://www.kaubamaja. 2. 1a.ee (https://www.1a.ee/) - 1a. 3. Hansapost (https://www.hansapost. . 4. Selver (https://www.selver.ee/) - Selver ni iduka rikoresha ibiribwa kuri interineti muri Esitoniya ritanga umusaruro mushya hamwe nibiribwa hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo kugirango bitangwe neza murugo. 5. Photopoint (https://www.photopoint.ee/) - Photopoint izobereye muri kamera, ibikoresho byo gufotora kimwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone na tableti. 6. Klick (https://klick.com/ee) - Klick itanga ibikoresho byinshi bya elegitoronike birimo mudasobwa zigendanwa / desktop, telefone zigendanwa / tableti, imashini ikinisha / ibikoresho n'ibindi 7. Sportland Eesti OÜ (http s //: sportlandgroup.com) - Sportland itanga imyenda ijyanye na siporo, inkweto & ibikoresho Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zizwi cyane muri Esitoniya zita ku bintu bitandukanye bikenerwa kuva ku myambarire kugeza kuri elegitoroniki kugeza ku biribwa. Twabibutsa ko ibihangange mpuzamahanga bya e-ubucuruzi nka Amazon nabyo bikorera mugihugu cyemerera abakiriya ba Esitoniya kubona ibicuruzwa byabo byinshi.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Esitoniya, igihugu gito mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Esitoniya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - Nka rumwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane ku isi, Facebook ifite abakoresha benshi muri Esitoniya. Abakoresha barashobora guhuza ninshuti nimiryango, gusangira ibishya, kwinjiza mumatsinda, no gukora ibyabaye. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - Instagram ni urubuga rwo gufotora no gusangira amashusho yemerera abakoresha gufata umwanya no kubasangiza abayoboke babo. Abanya Esitoniya bakoresha Instagram kugirango berekane ubuhanga bwabo bwo gufotora cyangwa guteza imbere ubucuruzi. 3. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - Yamamaye mubanyamwuga, LinkedIn ifasha abayikoresha gukora imyirondoro yabigize umwuga no guhuza nabakozi bakorana cyangwa abakoresha. Abanya Esitoniya bishingikiriza kuri LinkedIn kubikorwa byo guhuza amahirwe n'amahirwe y'akazi. 4. Twitter (https://twitter.com) - Twitter ni urubuga rwa microblogging aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet. Abanya Esitoniya bakoresha Twitter kugirango bakomeze kugezwaho ibyabaye cyangwa imigendekere no kwishora mubiganiro rusange. 5. VKontakte (VK) (https: 6.Videomegaporn (https: ww. 7.Snapchat (https: www.snapchat. nko kuyikoresha kuko interineti yoroshye-yo-gukoresha ituma irushaho kubashimisha. Izi ni zimwe mungero zimbuga rusange zizwi zikoreshwa muri Esitoniya. Urutonde ntirurambuye, kandi hashobora kubaho izindi mbuga zihariye mukarere cyangwa zihuje amatsinda yihariye yinyungu mugihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Esitoniya, izwiho guteza imbere sosiyete ikora ibijyanye na sisitemu n’inganda zateye imbere mu buhanga, ifite amashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye. Amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Esitoniya ni: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Esitoniya (ECCI): Ni ishyirahamwe rinini ry’ubucuruzi muri Esitoniya, rihagarariye inzego zitandukanye zirimo inganda, serivisi, ubucuruzi, n’ubuhinzi. ECCI igamije guteza imbere kwihangira imirimo no koroshya iterambere ry'ubukungu muri Esitoniya. Urubuga: https://www.koda.ee/en 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’itumanaho rya Esitoniya (ITL): Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye urwego rwitumanaho n’itumanaho muri Esitoniya. Ihuza ubucuruzi bwishora mubikorwa bya software, gukora ibyuma, serivisi zitumanaho, nibindi ITL igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere udushya no guteza imbere ubufatanye murwego. Urubuga: https://www.itl.ee/en/ 3. Ihuriro ry’abakoresha ba Esitoniya (ETTK): ETTK ni umuryango w’umuryango uhagarariye amashyirahamwe y'abakoresha mu nganda zitandukanye muri Esitoniya. Ikora nkurwego ruhagarariye inyungu zabakoresha kurwego rwibanze ndetse n’amahanga. Urubuga: https://www.ettk.ee/?lang=en 4. Ihuriro ry’ibikoresho byo muri Esitoniya: Iri tsinda rihuza ibigo bikora mu bikoresho kugira ngo biteze imbere ubufatanye muri urwo rwego no kuzamura irushanwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Abanyamuryango barimo abatanga serivisi za logistique, ibigo byikoranabuhanga kabuhariwe mubisubizo bya logistique, n'ibigo by'amashuri bitanga gahunda yo kwigisha ibikoresho. 5.Ishyirahamwe ry’ibiribwa muri Esitoniya (ETML) .ETML ihuza abatunganya ibiribwa mu bice bitandukanye nkibikomoka ku mata, ibikomoka ku mitsima, n’ibikomoka ku nyama. kandi yorohereza ubufatanye hagati y’abanyamuryango bayo kurushaho guteza imbere inganda z’ibiribwa mu gihugu. Urubuga: http: //etml.org/en/ 6.Ikigo cy’ubukerarugendo cya Esitoniya (Sura Esitoniya) .Gusura Esitoniya iteza imbere ubukerarugendo yerekana ahantu nyaburanga hakurura ingendo, uburambe bw’umuco, ndetse n’ibikorwa byo kwidagadura biboneka muri Esitoniya. Ifite uruhare runini mu gukurura ba mukerarugendo bo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga batanga amakuru yuzuye ajyanye n’amacumbi, ibyiza nyaburanga, nk kimwe no gutegura ubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza. Urubuga: https: //www.visitestonia.com/en Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Esitoniya. Buri shyirahamwe rifite uruhare runini mu kuzamura no guteza imbere urwego rwarwo, mu gihe kandi rihagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi muri izo nganda.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Esitoniya iherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, izwiho ibikorwa remezo bigezweho kandi bigatera imbere mu bucuruzi. Igihugu gitanga imbuga zinyuranye zubukungu nubucuruzi zikwiye gushakishwa. Hano hari bimwe bigaragara hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Esitoniya. Harimo kandi amakuru ajyanye nibikorwa byubucuruzi, imirenge yihariye, hamwe nibikoresho byingirakamaro kubucuruzi butekereza kwihagararaho muri Esitoniya. 2. Enterprises Esitoniya (https://www.eas.ee): Enterprises Esitoniya ni umuryango wa guverinoma ya Esitoniya ushinzwe guteza imbere kwihangira imirimo no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu gihugu. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ubumenyi kuri serivisi zunganira ziboneka mubucuruzi bwaho kimwe nabashoramari mpuzamahanga bashaka amahirwe yo gushora imari. 3. Kwiyandikisha kuri e-Business (https://ariregister.rik.ee/index?lang=en): Igitabo cya e-Business cyo muri Esitoniya cyemerera abantu cyangwa ibigo kwandikisha ibigo bishya kumurongo byihuse kandi neza. Itanga amakuru yingenzi ajyanye no gutangiza umushinga muri Esitoniya harimo ibisabwa n'amategeko, amabwiriza, imiterere, gahunda yo kwishyura kimwe no kubona ibindi bikoresho byingirakamaro. 4. Gushora imari muri Esitoniya (https://investinestonia.com/): Gushora imari muri Esitoniya ni umuhuza hagati y abashoramari b’abanyamahanga n’amasosiyete yo mu karere bashaka inshinge cyangwa ubufatanye mu gihugu cyateye imbere mu bidukikije. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru y’ingenzi ku gushora imari mu buryo butandukanye imirenge nkibisubizo bya ICT, gukora tekinoroji yimyambarire & igishushanyo nibindi, hamwe nubushakashatsi burambuye bwerekana amateka yabatsinze. 5 Yerekana urutonde rwibicuruzwa byabo hamwe nuburyo burambuye kuburyo abaguzi bashobora guhuza nabo kubijyanye no kugura cyangwa gushyiraho amasezerano yubufatanye. 6.Taltech Industrial Engineering & Management Exchange (http://ttim.emt.ee/): Uru rubuga ni urubuga rwo guhana no gukorana hagati y’abanyeshuri barangije muri kaminuza ya TalTech ya Esitoniya, abize, n’inzobere mu nganda. Irerekana ikoranabuhanga rigenda rigaragara, ibitekerezo, n'imishinga mubice bitandukanye byinganda, nkubuhanga bwubukanishi, ubukungu nubuyobozi.Birashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugushakisha iterambere ryinganda cyangwa abaterankunga. Izi ni ingero nkeya gusa kurubuga rwinshi rwubukungu nubucuruzi rujyanye no gushakisha amahirwe muri Esitoniya. Waba utekereza gushora imari muri Esitoniya cyangwa gushaka ubufatanye mu bucuruzi, izi mbuga zizaguha ubumenyi bwimbitse ku bukungu bw'igihugu no gushyigikira urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka kuri Esitoniya. Dore bane muribo hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Igitabo cy’ubucuruzi cya Esitoniya (Äriregister) - https://ariregister.rik.ee Igitabo cy’ubucuruzi cya Esitoniya gitanga amakuru yuzuye ku masosiyete yiyandikishije kandi akorera muri Esitoniya, harimo ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, abanyamigabane, raporo y’imari, n’ibindi. 2. Ibarurishamibare Esitoniya (Statistikaamet) - https://www.stat.ee/en Ibarurishamibare Esitoniya itanga amakuru menshi y’ibarurishamibare yerekeye inzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu muri Esitoniya, harimo n’imibare y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru kubyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibitumizwa mu mahanga, abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. 3. Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru muri Esitoniya (RIA) - https://portaal.ria.ee/ Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru muri Esitoniya gitanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru atandukanye ajyanye n'ubucuruzi n'ubucuruzi mu gihugu. Harimo ibitabo rusange aho abakoresha bashobora kubona amakuru arambuye yerekeye ibikorwa byubukungu byubucuruzi n’imibare y’ubucuruzi. 4. Enterprises Esitoniya (EAS) - http://www.eas.ee/eng/ Enterprises Esitoniya ni ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu gihugu no gukurura ishoramari riva mu mahanga. Batanga amakuru yingirakamaro kumasoko akubiyemo amakuru yubucuruzi yihariye yinganda kubashoramari cyangwa abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bashishikajwe no gucuruza cyangwa gushora imari muri Esitoniya. Izi mbuga nisoko yingirakamaro kubantu bose bashaka gukusanya amakuru yuzuye ajyanye nubucuruzi kubyerekeye ubucuruzi nimirenge ikorera mubukungu bwa Esitoniya.

B2b

Esitoniya izwiho guteza imbere ubucuruzi butera imbere, kandi mu gihugu hari urubuga rwa B2B rworohereza ubucuruzi no guhuza ubucuruzi. Bimwe muribi bibuga birimo: 1. Isoko rya e-Esitoniya: Uru rubuga rutanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye biva mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo ikoranabuhanga, ibisubizo bya e-gutura, umukono wa digitale, ibicuruzwa byumutekano wa interineti, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: https://marketplace.e-estoniya.com/ 2. Kohereza muri Esitoniya: Ni isoko ryo kumurongo ryagenewe guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Esitoniya kubaguzi mpuzamahanga. Ihuriro ritanga ububiko bwuzuye bwibigo bya Esitoniya mu nganda zitandukanye zemerera abakiriya kubona ibicuruzwa byiza. Urubuga: https://export.estonia.ee/ 3. EEN Esitoniya: Ihuriro rya Enterprises Europe Network (EEN) muri Esitoniya rihuza ubucuruzi bwaho nabafatanyabikorwa bashobora kwisi yose binyuze mumurongo mugari w’abafatanyabikorwa mubihugu birenga 60. Ifasha ubucuruzi kubona amasoko mashya cyangwa kwagura ayariho mugihe itanga inkunga itagereranywa namakuru afatika kubikorwa byiterambere mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://www.enterprise-europe.co.uk/network-platform/een-estonia 4 Urubuga: http://madeinest.com/ 5 Urubuga: http://www.cedbibase.eu/en Izi porogaramu zita ku nganda zitandukanye n’ibikenerwa mu bucuruzi zitanga uburyo butandukanye bw’ibicuruzwa na serivisi biva mu masosiyete azwi yo muri Esitoniya. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora gusaba amahitamo yubusobanuro kuko adashobora kuboneka mucyongereza byanze bikunze. Nibyiza nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze no kugenzura niba urubuga rwose rwizewe mbere yo kwishora mubucuruzi.