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Incamake y'igihugu
Polonye izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Polonye, ​​ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Irahuza imbibi n'Ubudage mu burengerazuba, Repubulika ya Ceki na Slowakiya mu majyepfo, Ukraine na Biyelorusiya mu burasirazuba, na Lituwiya n'Uburusiya (Intara ya Kaliningrad) mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Igihugu gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 38. Polonye ifite amateka akomeye mumyaka irenga igihumbi. Kera cyahoze ari ubwami bukomeye mugihe cyibinyejana byinshi kandi bwagize ibihe byizahabu mugihe cya Renaissance. Icyakora, yahuye n’ibice byinshi mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18 kandi irazimira ku ikarita mu gihe kirenga ikinyejana kugeza ibonye ubwigenge nyuma y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Warsaw ni umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini wa Polonye. Indi mijyi minini irimo Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, Łódź, na Szczecin. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa ni Igipolonye. Ubukungu bwa Polonye bufatwa nk'ubukungu bwihuta cyane mu Burayi. Yagize iterambere ry’ubukungu kuva ryinjira mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2004. Inzego z’ingenzi zigira uruhare mu bukungu bwazo harimo inganda (cyane cyane ibinyabiziga), serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ITSO), inganda zitunganya ibiribwa, serivisi z’imari ndetse n’ubukerarugendo. Iki gihugu gifite ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye kuva ku misozi myiza cyane mu majyepfo nk'imisozi ya Tatra kugera ku nyanja ya Baltique mu turere two mu majyaruguru nka Gdańsk cyangwa Sopot. Polonye kandi itanga ahantu nyaburanga ndangamurage wa UNESCO harimo Umujyi wa kera wa Kraków ufite ubwubatsi buhebuje bwatanzwe na Wawel Castle cyangwa urwibutso rwa Auschwitz-Birkenau rwibutso rwibutsa amateka yabaye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Ku bijyanye n'umuco, Polonye yatanze imisanzu myinshi igaragara mu mateka harimo abahimbyi bazwi nka Frédéric Chopin cyangwa abahanga bazwi ku isi nka Marie Skłodowska Curie wegukanye ibihembo bibiri bya Nobel. Muri make, Polonye nigihugu gikomeye cyiburayi gifite umurage gakondo wamateka, ubukungu bwiyongera, hamwe nubutaka butandukanye. Waba ushishikajwe n'amateka, umuco, cyangwa ubwiza nyaburanga, Polonye itanga ikintu kuri buri wese.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Polonye izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Polonye, ​​ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ifaranga rikoreshwa muri Polonye ryitwa złoty yo muri Polonye, ​​ryerekanwa n'ikimenyetso "PLN". Złoty yo muri Polonye yatangijwe mu 1924 kandi yabaye ifaranga ryemewe rya Polonye kuva icyo gihe. Złoty imwe igabanijwemo 100 groszy. Ibiceri bizenguruka birimo amadini ya 1, 2, na 5 groszy; kimwe na 1, 2, na 5 złotys. Ku rundi ruhande, inoti ziraboneka mu madini ya 10, 20, 50,100, ndetse kugeza kuri 200 na 500zł. Agaciro ka złoty yo muri Polonye ihindagurika ugereranije nandi mafranga akomeye nkidolari rya Amerika cyangwa amayero kubera imiterere yisoko hamwe nubukungu. Buri gihe nibyiza kugenzura igipimo cyivunjisha mbere yo kujya muri Polonye cyangwa kwishora mubikorwa byubukungu bijyanye nifaranga. Banki nkuru ya Polonye yitwa Narodowy Bank Polski (NBP), igenzura politiki y’ifaranga kandi ikanatanga umutekano muri gahunda y’imari. NBP igena igipimo cyinyungu kigira ingaruka kumafaranga yo kuguza kandi igahindura ingamba mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Muri rusange, złoty yo muri Polonye igira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga mu bukungu bukomeye bwa Polonye.Bikomeje kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mibereho ya buri munsi ku baturage ndetse no guha ikaze ba mukerarugendo baturutse hirya no hino hamwe no guhanahana imari mu gihe cyose babayeho.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Polonye ni złoty yo muri Polonye (PLN). Ikigereranyo cyo kuvunja hafi guhera mu Kwakira 2021 ni: 1 US $ = 3.97 PLN 1 Euro = 4.66 PLN 1 Pound y'Abongereza = 5.36 PLN 1 Umushinwa Yuan = 0,62 PLN
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Polonye yizihiza iminsi mikuru itari mike mu mwaka wose, yerekana umurage gakondo w’umuco ndetse n’ibihe byabayeho mu mateka. Dore bimwe mubiruhuko byingenzi byizihizwa muri Polonye: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge (11 Ugushyingo): Uyu munsi mukuru wigihugu wibutsa ubwigenge bwa Polonye, ​​bwabonye nyuma yintambara ya mbere yisi yose mu 1918. Iha icyubahiro abaharanira ubwisanzure kandi bishimira ubusugire bwigihugu. 2. Umunsi w'Itegeko Nshinga (3 Gicurasi): Uyu munsi mukuru wizihiza isabukuru y’itegeko nshinga rya mbere rya Polonye ryemejwe ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1791. Ifatwa nk'imwe mu mategeko shingiro ya demokarasi ya mbere mu Burayi. 3. Umunsi w'abatagatifu bose (1 Ugushyingo): Kuri uyu munsi, abapolisi bibuka kandi bubaha ababo bapfuye basura amarimbi kugira ngo basukure amabuye, buji yaka, kandi bashyira indabyo ku mva. 4. Noheri (24 Ukuboza): Noheri ni umunsi mukuru w'idini ku Bagatolika bo muri Polonye. Imiryango iraterana kugirango ifunguro ryibirori ryitwa Wigilia, rigizwe namasomo cumi n'abiri ahagarariye Intumwa cumi na zibiri. 5. Pasika (itariki iratandukanye buri mwaka): Pasika yizihizwa n’ishyaka rikomeye ry’amadini muri Polonye. Abantu bitabira ibikorwa byitorero, gushushanya amagi azwi cyane nka pisanki, no guhana indamutso gakondo mugihe basangira ifunguro rya mugitondo. 6. Corpus Christi (itariki iratandukanye buri mwaka): Uyu munsi mukuru wa gatolika wizihiza imyizerere yo kubaho kwa Yesu mugihe cyo gusangira kwera mugukora ingendo mumihanda irimbishijwe indabyo nicyatsi. 7.Umwaka Mushya (Mutarama Mbere）: Abapolisi muri rusange bizihiza umwaka mushya hamwe na fireworks mu gicuku cyo ku ya 31 Ukuboza kugira ngo bakire umwaka mushya uri imbere; ubusanzwe bikurikirwa no guterana hamwe n'umuryango cyangwa inshuti. Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo yerekana imigenzo yashinze imizi muri Polonye gusa ahubwo inatanga amahirwe kubantu bahurira hamwe nkimiryango cyangwa imiryango yo kwishimira indangagaciro n'umuco basangiye.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Polonye iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ni igihugu kizwiho ubukungu bukomeye ndetse n’ubucuruzi butera imbere. Nubukungu bunini mu karere kandi bufite isoko ryuguruye hamwe nabakozi bafite ubumenyi. Ubucuruzi bwa Polonye bwifashe neza mu myaka yashize. Igihugu cyagize iterambere rihoraho haba mu byoherezwa mu mahanga no mu mahanga. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Polonye yibanda cyane cyane ku mashini n'ibikoresho, imiti, ibikomoka ku biribwa, n'ibinyabiziga bifite moteri. Ibicuruzwa bishakishwa cyane n’amasoko mpuzamahanga bitewe nubwiza bwabyo nibiciro byapiganwa. Ubudage n’umufatanyabikorwa munini w’ubucuruzi wa Polonye, ​​bingana igice kinini cy’ubucuruzi bwacyo. Ubu bufatanye bukomeye bwazamuye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Polonye kuva Ubudage bukora ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa bya Polonye kugera mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi. Byongeye kandi, Polonye nayo yagiye itandukanya abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu bucuruzi hakurya y’Uburayi kugira ngo bashyiremo ibihugu nk'Ubushinwa na Amerika. Hamwe n’ubufatanye bushya, Polonye igamije kwagura isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu myaka yashize, Polonye yakurikiranye cyane ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) kugira ngo riteze imbere urwego rw’ubucuruzi kurushaho. Kubera izo mbaraga, amasosiyete mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga yashyizeho ibikorwa cyangwa ibikorwa by’umusaruro mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Polonye yungukirwa no kugera ku isoko rimwe ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’abakiriya barenga miliyoni 500. Uyu mwanya mwiza utuma ubucuruzi bwa Polonye bugurishwa byoroshye nibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bitiriwe bihura n’inzitizi n’amahoro. Muri rusange, kuba Polonye ihagaze neza mu masangano y’inzira zingenzi z’ubucuruzi hamwe n’inganda zikomeye z’inganda byagize uruhare runini mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bitangaje. Hamwe nishoramari rikomeje mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, Biteganijwe ko Polonye izakomeza gushimangira umwanya wayo nk'umukinnyi ukomeye mu bucuruzi ku isi.
Iterambere ryisoko
Polonye iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hamwe na geografiya iherereye hamwe nubukungu bukomeye, Polonye itanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Polonye ni umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) kandi yunguka amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi. Ibi bituma ibigo bigera ku isoko ry’abaguzi barenga miliyoni 500 batiriwe bahura n’ubucuruzi bukabije. Byongeye kandi, Polonye ikora nk'irembo ry'ubucuruzi bushaka kwaguka no mu yandi masoko yo mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Byongeye kandi, Polonye yazamutse mu bukungu mu myaka icumi ishize. Igihugu gifite abakozi benshi bafite ubumenyi kandi gishora imari mubushakashatsi niterambere. Ibi birema ibidukikije bishimishije kubashoramari babanyamahanga bashaka udushya cyangwa amahirwe yubufatanye. Byongeye kandi, ibikorwa remezo bya Polonye byateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize. Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu ihujwe neza nu miyoboro ikora neza, ibibuga byindege bigezweho, hamwe na gari ya moshi zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera mumijyi minini yuburayi. Iterambere rishyigikira ibikorwa byiza bya logistique byingenzi mubucuruzi bwamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Polonye ifite imirenge itandukanye itanga ibyiringiro byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu kizwiho inganda zikora inganda zirimo gukora ibinyabiziga, gukora imashini, imirongo yo guteranya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'ibindi. Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi nkimbuto n'imboga bishya nabyo byerekana ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kubera ubuziranenge bwabyo. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bakeneye muri Polonye barimo kwiyongera cyane kuko amafaranga yinjira yiyongera mu baturage bayo bagera kuri miliyoni 38. Hamwe n'imbaraga zo kugura zizana amahitamo menshi yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kuva ku bintu bihenze kugeza ku bicuruzwa bya buri munsi. Mu gusoza, Polonye ifite amahirwe menshi ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bushaka guteza imbere umwanya w’isoko ry’isi yose. Igihugu gifite imiterere y’imiterere y’imiterere y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’ubukungu bwacyo butera imbere, abakozi bashoboye, ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere bikurura abashoramari mu nganda zitandukanye. Usibye kuba an icyerekezo gishimishije ubwacyo, isoko rya Polonye rirashobora kuba isoko yandi masoko yuburayi bwiburasirazuba bugenda bugaragara.Ibintu byerekana neza impamvu gushora igihe, amafaranga, nimbaraga zo kugera kuri ubu bukungu bukomeye bishobora kugirira akamaro cyane ibigo byifuza kwagura ibikorwa byubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Polonye, ​​hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Gusobanukirwa ibyifuzo byisoko nibyifuzo byabaguzi nibyingenzi muguhitamo neza ibicuruzwa. Icya mbere, ni ngombwa gusesengura uko isoko ryifashe muri Polonye. Ibi birimo kwiga imbaraga zo kugura abaguzi no kumenya ibyiciro byibicuruzwa bizwi. Kurugero, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire nibikoresho, ibikoresho byo murugo, hamwe nubuzima nibicuruzwa byiza bikenerwa cyane. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko bugomba kandi kwibanda ku kumenya amasoko meza afite amahirwe yo gukura. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo gusesengura amarushanwa mu nganda zihariye cyangwa kumenya inzira zigaragara zigenda zamamara mu baguzi ba Polonye. Ikindi kintu ugomba gusuzuma ni ibyifuzo byumuco n'imigenzo yaho. Ibicuruzwa bihuye n'imigenzo ya Polonye cyangwa bifite imico ikomeye ihuza umuco birashoboka ko byishimira isoko. Kurugero, ubukorikori gakondo bwa Polonye cyangwa ibiribwa kama birashobora gukurura inyungu kubakiriya bo murugo kimwe na ba mukerarugendo. Kugirango umenye neza isoko ryibicuruzwa byatoranijwe, nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi cyangwa gukusanya ibitekerezo byabakiriya bashobora kubyifuzo byabo nibiteganijwe kubijyanye nubuziranenge, igiciro, igishushanyo mbonera, nibindi. Kumva ibitekerezo byabakiriya birashobora kugufasha kumenya ibikenewe byose bikenewe mbere yo kwinjira muri Polonye isoko. Usibye gusobanukirwa ibyo abaguzi bakeneye hamwe n’umuco, ingamba zo kugena ibiciro nazo zigomba gusuzumwa neza mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Polonye. Ibiciro birushanwe bishingiye kubisesenguye byuzuye bizagufasha gushimisha amaturo yawe mugihe ukomeza inyungu. Ubwanyuma, ni ngombwa kubahiriza ibisabwa byose byemewe n'amategeko bijyanye no gutanga ibyemezo, gushyiramo ibimenyetso, hamwe n’umutekano w’umutekanoPoland.Kureba neza ko ibicuruzwa byawe byatoranijwe byujuje ibi bisabwa bizubaka ikizere hamwe nababikwirakwiza kimwe n’abakoresha ba nyuma bigira uruhare mu gutsinda mu gihe kirekire mu bucuruzi bw’imbere ya Polonye inganda. Mu gusoza, inzira yo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye mubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga muri Polonye bisaba ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubyerekeranye nisoko ryubu, ibyo abaguzi bakunda, imico, amasoko meza, hamwe ningamba zo kugena ibiciro. Kugirango habeho iterambere rirambye ryubucuruzi, ni ngombwa gukomeza kuvugururwa hamwe nimbaraga. Guhindura hamwe naPolish market kandi ugahora uhuza nimpinduka zabakiriya nibyifuzo byabo.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Polonye iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, izwiho amateka akungahaye, ahantu nyaburanga, ndetse n'umuco ukomeye. Ukurikije ibiranga abakiriya, abapolisi muri rusange bafite ikinyabupfura kandi bubaha abatanga serivisi. Bashima serivisi nziza kandi baha agaciro ubutabera mubikorwa byabo nubucuruzi. Imwe mu ngingo zingenzi zimyitwarire yabakiriya ba Polonye nakamaro bashira mubucuti bwabo. Kubaka ikizere no gushiraho umubano nabakiriya ni ngombwa muri Polonye. Gufata umwanya wo gusuhuza abakiriya cyane no kwishora mubiganiro byinshuti birashobora gufasha gutanga ibitekerezo byiza. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya ba Polonye bakunda gushima ubumenyi bwibicuruzwa bivuye kubahagarariye ibicuruzwa. Baha agaciro kwigishwa ibiranga inyungu nibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyubuguzi. Gutanga amakuru arambuye no gusubiza ibibazo byose bashobora kuba bafite bizashimwa nabakiriya ba Polonye. Ku bijyanye na kirazira cyangwa ibintu ugomba kwirinda mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Polonye, ​​ni ngombwa kuzirikana ingingo zamateka akomeye nkintambara ya kabiri yisi yose cyangwa ubukomunisiti. Izi ngingo zirashobora kubyutsa amarangamutima akomeye kubantu bamwe. Nibyiza gukuraho ibiganiro bijyanye na politiki cyangwa ibintu bitavugwaho rumwe keretse watumiwe neza nabakiriya. Ikindi kirazira cyumuco kizenguruka kuganira kumafaranga kugiti cye. Abapolisi barashobora gusanga bitorohewe iyo babajijwe amafaranga yinjiza cyangwa uko ubukungu bwifashe mugihe cyo gucuruza. Kubaha ubuzima bwite kubyerekeye ibibazo byamafaranga bigomba guhora bikomeje. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa ibi biranga abakiriya - gushimira umubano wawe bwite, guha agaciro ubumenyi bwuzuye bwibicuruzwa - hamwe no kwirinda ingingo zamateka zoroshye cyangwa kubaza ibibazo byerekeye imari yumuntu ku giti cye bizagera kure mugukorera neza abakiriya ba Polonye.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Polonye, ​​iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite amabwiriza yihariye ya gasutamo n'inzira zigomba gukurikizwa igihe zinjiye cyangwa ziva mu gihugu. Sisitemu ya gasutamo muri Polonye yoroheje ariko irakomeye, igamije kubungabunga umutekano w’umupaka no kugenzura ibicuruzwa neza. Ubwa mbere, iyo winjiye muri Polonye, ​​ni ngombwa kugira pasiporo yemewe hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu. Abenegihugu b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi barashobora kwinjira muri Polonye ku buntu hamwe n’indangamuntu zabo. Abatari abanyaburayi barashobora gusaba viza, bitewe n'ubwenegihugu bwabo. Ku cyicaro cy’umupaka cya Polonye cyangwa ku kibuga cy’abinjira n’abinjira ku kibuga cy’indege, abagenzi basabwa kwerekana ibyangombwa by’inzira kugira ngo bagenzurwe n’ubuyobozi bw’umupaka. Ni ngombwa kugira ibyangombwa byose bikenewe byiteguye kugenzurwa. Ku bijyanye n’ibintu bwite n’amafaranga atishyurwa, abatuye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bemerewe kuzana ibicuruzwa bitagira imipaka kugira ngo bikoreshwe ku giti cyabo bitarenze imisoro cyangwa imisoro. Ariko, hariho ibibujijwe kubintu bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga n'ibicuruzwa by'itabi bishingiye ku myaka n'imyaka ntarengwa. Abagenzi baturutse hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bakeneye gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose birenze imipaka yagenwe ku gahato iyo bahageze. Ibintu nk’inzoga nyinshi cyangwa itabi birenze urugero byemewe n'amategeko bigomba gutangazwa ku ngingo zishinzwe kugenzura za gasutamo kabone niyo byaba biri munsi y’izo mbibi - gutsindwa bishobora kuvamo amande cyangwa ingaruka z’amategeko. Byongeye kandi, birabujijwe n'amategeko gutwara ibintu bimwe na bimwe muri Polonye nk'ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro (harimo n'imbunda), amafaranga y'amahimbano / ibicuruzwa byiganano, ibikorwa by'ubukorikori bitemewe / bya kera bifite agaciro k'amateka nta mpushya / impushya ziboneye. Kugirango umenye neza uburambe bwo kwinjira mugihe unyuze muri gasutamo ya gasutamo: 1. Witwaza ibyangombwa biranga pasiporo / viza. 2. Menyesha ibintu byose birenze amafaranga atishyurwa. 3. Menyera urutonde rwibintu bibujijwe mbere yurugendo rwawe. 4. Kurikiza amabwiriza yinyongera yatanzwe nabakozi ba gasutamo. 5. Gumana inyemezabwishyu / ibyangombwa byose bijyanye nubuguzi buhenze bwakorewe mumahanga kugirango ubyerekane niba ubisabye. 6. Irinde kwishora mubikorwa bishobora kurenga ku mategeko / amabwiriza ya gasutamo. Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza bizafasha kwemeza inzira yo kwinjira no kugenda bitanyuze muri gasutamo ya Polonye. Buri gihe ujye wibuka kubaha no kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza y'igihugu usuye.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Polonye, ​​nk'umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), ikurikiza politiki rusange ya gasutamo izwi ku izina rya gasutamo rusange (CCT) ku bicuruzwa biva mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. CCT ishyiraho igipimo cyibiciro byibyiciro bitandukanye bishingiye kuri code ya Harmonized Sisitemu (HS). Muri rusange, Polonye ikoresha ibiciro bya ad valorem ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Ibi bivuze ko igipimo cyibiciro ari ijanisha ryibicuruzwa. Igipimo cyihariye giterwa na code ya HS yahawe buri cyiciro cyibicuruzwa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wa gasutamo. Icyakora, mu rwego rwo kwiyemeza amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu no kwishyira ukizana mu bukungu, Polonye yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba nyinshi zo kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye. Kurugero, hashingiwe kumasezerano yubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byinshi kandi byinshi, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bishobora kuvurwa neza hamwe n’ibiciro byagabanijwe cyangwa zeru. Byongeye kandi, Polonye ikora uturere twihariye tw’ubukungu dutanga uburyo bwo kugabanya imisoro ku nyungu z’amasosiyete n’imisoro ya gasutamo ku bucuruzi bukorera muri utwo turere. Izi nkunga zigamije gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga no kuzamura iterambere ry’inganda mu turere tumwe na tumwe twa Polonye. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga atari yo misoro yonyine ikoreshwa mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa muri Polonye. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) nawo usoreshwa ku biciro bitandukanye ukurikije ubwoko bwibicuruzwa. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro muri Polonye kiri hagati ya 5% na 23%, hamwe nibicuruzwa byinshi bigengwa na 23%. Ariko, ibintu bimwe nkibicuruzwa byibiribwa cyangwa ibitabo birashobora gusoreshwa kubiciro biri hasi. Polonye kandi ishyira mu bikorwa ibyangombwa byo gutumiza mu mahanga ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa nk’imbunda, ibisasu, ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa imiti. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kubona impushya mu nzego zibishinzwe mbere yuko ibyo bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu byemewe n'amategeko. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa na politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Polonye bisaba ubumenyi bw’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi agira ingaruka ku miterere y’imisoro. Nibyiza ko abashoramari bashaka kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bashaka ubufasha bwumwuga cyangwa bakohereza mu buryo butaziguye nk’inzego zemewe n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo ya Polonye kugira ngo babone amakuru nyayo kandi agezweho yerekeye imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga n'ibisabwa bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa byabo byihariye.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Polonye ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati kandi kizwiho urwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro ijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. 1. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA): Polonye ishyiraho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Igipimo cy’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro kuri ubu ni 23%, ariko hari igabanuka rya 5% na 8% kubintu byihariye nkibitabo, imiti, nibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ariko, kubijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), ubucuruzi bwa Polonye bushobora gusaba umusoro ku nyongeragaciro kuri zeru. 2. Umusoro ku musoro: Polonye itanga umusoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga, itabi, ibinyobwa bitera ingufu, na lisansi. Iyi misoro ubusanzwe yishyurwa nabakora mu gihugu cyangwa abatumiza ibicuruzwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bigera kubiguzi byabaguzi. Ku bicuruzwa bigenewe amasoko yoherezwa mu mahanga mu bihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa hanze yacyo, iyi misoro y’imisoro irashobora koroherezwa cyangwa gusubizwa no kuzuza ibyangombwa hamwe n’inzego zibishinzwe. 3.Imisoro yohereza mu mahanga: Kugeza ubu, Polonye ntabwo ishyiraho imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byinshi biva ku butaka bwayo. Nyamara, ibikoresho bimwe byihariye nkibiti bishobora gutangirwa amafaranga y’ibidukikije cyangwa imisoro iyo byoherejwe mu mahanga birenze urugero rwashyizweho na guverinoma. 4.Imisoro ya Custom: Mu rwego rw’amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi avuga ko Polonye ari umunyamuryango kuva yinjira mu 2004, nta musoro wa gasutamo ushyirwaho hagati y’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi iyo uhahirana. Icyakora, amahoro ya gasutamo arashobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa muri Polonye mubihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bitewe n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi cyangwa politiki. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko amabwiriza y’imisoro agomba guhinduka hashingiwe ku miterere y’ubukungu n’ibyingenzi by’igihugu; gukomeza rero kuvugururwa ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa bya Polonye biba ingenzi mugihe ukora ibikorwa byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga birimo ibyoherezwa muri Polonye.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Polonye izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Polonye, ​​ni igihugu cy'Uburayi giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ifite ubukungu bukomeye kandi butandukanye bwibanda cyane ku gukora no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ubuziranenge no kubahiriza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, Polonye yashyize mu bikorwa ibyemezo byinshi. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Polonye, ​​ibigo bigomba kubona icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi byubahiriza amabwiriza ariho. Gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo igenzurwa ninzego zibishinzwe za Polonye nk’ikigo cya Polonye gishinzwe guteza imbere imishinga (PARP) n’inzego zinyuranye z’inganda. Ibisabwa byihariye kugirango ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho n’ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubuzima n’ubugenzuzi bw’imbuto (PIORiN), mu gihe ibiribwa bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bw’umutekano byashyizweho n’ibigo nk’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku matungo (NVRI). Kugirango ubone icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze, ubucuruzi bugomba gutanga inyandiko zirambuye kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa byabo, harimo amakuru ajyanye nibikorwa byo gukora, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe (niba bishoboka), ibikoresho byo gupakira, imiterere yububiko, nibisabwa kuranga. Byongeye kandi, ibigo birashobora gukorerwa ubugenzuzi ku rubuga cyangwa kugerageza ibicuruzwa byakozwe na laboratoire zemewe. Kugira icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byongerera ikizere ibicuruzwa bya Polonye kumasoko mpuzamahanga kuko byizeza abaguzi ko bagura ibicuruzwa byiza byujuje ubuziranenge. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu bimwe bishobora no gusaba izo mpamyabumenyi hagamijwe gukuraho gasutamo. Mu gusoza, Polonye ishimangira cyane ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byujuje ubuziranenge busabwa binyuze mu kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi bifasha kwimakaza ikizere mubaguzi mpuzamahanga mugihe biteza imbere ubucuruzi bwa Polonye kwisi yose.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Polonye ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati kandi kizwiho kuba gifite ingufu mu bucuruzi no gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Dore bimwe mubyifuzo bya serivisi y'ibikoresho muri Polonye: 1. DHL: DHL nimwe mubitanga ibikoresho bitanga ibikoresho ku isi kandi bifite umwanya ukomeye muri Polonye. Batanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo gutanga Express, gutwara ibicuruzwa, gucunga amasoko, hamwe na e-ubucuruzi ibisubizo. Hamwe numuyoboro mugari nibikoresho bigezweho, DHL itanga serivisi zizewe kandi zinoze. 2. FedEx: Indi sosiyete izwi cyane yohereza amakarita mpuzamahanga ikorera muri Polonye ni FedEx. Batanga serivisi zogutanga ibicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga. FedEx itanga ibisubizo byihariye kugirango bikemure ubucuruzi butandukanye nkigihe cyo kugemura kugihe, ubufasha bwa gasutamo, ububiko, nogukwirakwiza. 3. Amaposita yo muri Polonye (Poczta Polska): Serivisi y’amaposita mu gihugu cya Polonye nayo itanga ibisubizo by’ibikoresho birimo gutanga parcelle mu gihugu ndetse n’uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Polonye Post ifite umuyoboro mugari wishami bigatuma byoroha kubakiriya mugihugu hose. 4 5. Ibikoresho bya Rhenus: Ibikoresho bya Rhenus kabuhariwe mu gutanga ibisubizo bihuriweho kugeza ku ndunduro y’ibisubizo byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa by’abakiriya mu nganda zinyuranye zirimo ibinyabiziga, ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa, ubuvuzi & farumasi n’ibindi. 6 .GEFCO: Itsinda rya GEFCO ritanga ibisubizo byogutanga amasoko kwisi yose yinganda nkimodoka; ikirere; tekinoroji yo hejuru; ubuvuzi; ibicuruzwa byinganda nibindi.Bifite ibiro byinshi hirya no hino muri Polonye bitanga infashanyo nziza yohejuru-iherezo Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa zashizweho neza zitanga serivise zitanga serivisi zikorera muri Polonye. Burigihe nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi bukwiye bushingiye kubisabwa byihariye byubucuruzi mbere yo guhitamo serivise runaka. Mu gusoza, 'Iyo uhisemo serivisi itanga ibikoresho muri Polonye, ​​ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu nko gukwirakwiza imiyoboro yabo, kwiringirwa, gukoresha neza ibiciro, gukurikirana imikorere, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye no kohereza'.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Polonye ni igihugu cyo mu Burayi bwo hagati gitanga inzira nyinshi z’amasoko mpuzamahanga n’amasoko y’ubucuruzi ku bucuruzi bushaka kwagura ibikorwa byabo. Kubera aho iherereye, ubukungu buhamye, no gushimangira cyane ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya, Polonye yabaye ahantu heza ku baguzi ku isi. Dore zimwe mu nzira zikomeye zitanga amasoko n’ubucuruzi muri Polonye: 1. Imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi Polonye: Uyu ni umwe mu bayobora imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi mu gihugu. Bakira ibirori mubice bitandukanye byinganda nkubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, gutunganya ibiribwa, imashini, amamodoka, imyenda, nibindi byinshi. 2. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga Plovdiv (IFP): IFP ni ibirori ngarukamwaka bibera muri Poznan bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye nka elegitoroniki, inganda zo mu nzu, ibikoresho by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, serivisi za IT / ibicuruzwa. 3. Iminsi yubucuruzi ya Warsaw: Nibikorwa byihariye byibanze ku nama zubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi ku masosiyete yo muri Polonye ndetse n’amahanga ashishikajwe no kubaka ubufatanye cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zo muri Polonye. 4. Iminsi Yicyatsi: Iri murika ryerekana ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije cyangwa serivisi biva mu nganda zinyuranye nka sisitemu y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (imirasire yizuba), ibikoresho byo gupakira ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije (plastiki biodegradable plastique), ibikoresho byubwubatsi birambye (ibiti). 5 6. E-ubucuruzi Expo Warsaw: Mugihe urwego rwa e-ubucuruzi rugenda rwiyongera kwisi yose; iri murika ritanga amahirwe kubucuruzi gushakisha ubufatanye bushoboka namasosiyete yo muri Polonye azobereye kumurongo wo kugurisha kumurongo. 7.Ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga byerekana ibikoresho byo mu nzu: Polonye ifite imurikagurisha ryinshi ry ibikoresho byo mu nzu nka Meble Polska - Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ibikoresho bitanga urubuga rwo kwerekana ibishushanyo mbonera bishya hamwe nuburyo bukenewe haba mu gutura no mu bucuruzi; ikurura abadandaza kwisi bashaka abatanga / abagabuzi bashya. 8.Auto Moto Show Kraków: Ihuza abahanga mu nganda z’imodoka berekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho / udushya twerekeranye n’imodoka / moto; ni amahirwe meza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka isoko yimodoka cyangwa gushakisha ubufatanye mubucuruzi. 9.Icyumweru cy’inganda za Warsaw: Nimwe mubikorwa binini by’inganda byabereye muri Polonye, ​​bikurura abanyamwuga baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye nko gukora imashini, ibikoresho, gukoresha imashini zikoresha imashini za robo. Abamurika bashobora guhuza nabakiriya nabatanga isoko. 10. Inama ya B2B: Usibye imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha, Polonye itanga kandi amahirwe yo guterana inama y’ubucuruzi umwe umwe umwe yateguwe n’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi / Amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo byorohereze ubufatanye hagati y’abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Polonye n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Mu gusoza, Polonye itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga n’ubucuruzi byerekana inganda zitandukanye. Ibi bituma ubucuruzi buturutse hirya no hino ku isi bushakisha ubufatanye bushoboka, ibicuruzwa biva muri serivisi, no kwagura isoko ryabo ku isi.
Polonye, ​​nkigihugu mu Burayi bwo hagati, gifite moteri zishakisha zikunze gukoreshwa. Dore urutonde rwa moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane muri Polonye hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Google Polonye: verisiyo yo muri Polonye ya moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane. Urubuga: www.google.pl 2. Onet.pl: Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo muri Polonye hamwe na moteri ishakisha. Urubuga: www.onet.pl 3. WP.pl: Urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwo muri Polonye rutanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo gushakisha. Urubuga: www.wp.pl 4. Interia.pl: Serivise ya interineti yo muri Polonye nayo itanga moteri ishakisha. Urubuga: www.interia.pl 5. DuckDuckGo PL (https://duckduckgo.com/?q=pl): moteri ishakisha ibanga ryibanga ryibanda ku kudakurikirana amakuru y’abakoresha. 6. Bing (akarere ka Polonye): Microsoft ikoresha Google, iraboneka no mukarere ka Polonye. Urubuga (hitamo akarere ka Polonye): www.bing.com 7. Yandex Polska (https://yandex.com.tr/polska/): Yandex ni isosiyete ikorera mu Burusiya kandi verisiyo yayo yo muri Polonye itanga ibisubizo byaho kubakoresha muri Polonye. 8. Gushakisha Allegro (https://allegrosearch.allegrogroup.com/): Allegro ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi ruzwi cyane muri Polonye kandi imikorere yabwo ishakisha ituma abakoresha babona ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Izi ni ingero nkeya za moteri zishakisha zikunze gukoreshwa muri Polonye, ​​ariko hashobora kubaho izindi kimwe bitewe nibyifuzo byihariye cyangwa ibikenewe mukarere kubantu cyangwa ubucuruzi mugihugu. Nyamuneka menya ko aya makuru ashobora guhinduka uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera, bityo rero birasabwa buri gihe kugenzura inshuro ebyiri ukoresheje amasoko yizewe kumakuru agezweho kuri moteri zishakisha zizwi mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose harimo na Polonye.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Ububiko bukuru bwumuhondo wa Polonye bugaragaza urutonde rwimbuga za interineti zifasha abakoresha kubona ubucuruzi, serivisi, namakuru yamakuru. Hano hari bimwe byingenzi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1 2. Pkt.pl (https://www.pkt.pl/) - Pkt.pl itanga impapuro nini z'umuhondo ububiko bwubucuruzi muri Polonye. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibigo mwizina, icyiciro, cyangwa ahantu. 3. Firmora Panorama (http://panoramafirm.pl/) - Panorama Firm nimwe mububiko bunini bwubucuruzi muri Polonye bugaragaza amakuru arambuye hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi butandukanye mu nganda zitandukanye. 4. Książka Telefoniczna (http://ksiazka-telefoniczna.com/) - Książka Telefoniczna ni verisiyo yo kumurongo wububiko bwa terefone muri Polonye aho abakoresha bashobora gushakisha nimero za terefone cyangwa ubucuruzi mwizina cyangwa ahantu. 5. BiznesFinder (https://www.biznesfinder.pl/) - BiznesFinder ni urubuga rwa interineti rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye amasosiyete akorera muri Polonye, ​​harimo imyirondoro yabo, ibicuruzwa / serivisi zitangwa, hamwe namakuru arambuye. 6. Zumi.pl (https://www.zumi. 7. UmuhondoPage PL (https://yellowpages-pl.cybo.com/)- YellowPages PL itanga urutonde rwubucuruzi mubyiciro bitandukanye mugihugu hose mugihe itanga ibitekerezo byabakoresha hamwe nu amanota kugirango bifashe kuyobora abakiriya gufata ibyemezo. Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yuzuye azenguruka uturere dutandukanye muri Polonye; gushoboza abakoresha kubona abatanga ibyifuzo bashingiye kubipimo byihariye nkubwoko bwinganda, korohereza ahantu cyangwa urutonde rwabakiriya.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Polonye iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite isoko rya e-ubucuruzi ryateye imbere hamwe n’urubuga runini rwa interineti. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Polonye hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Allegro (www.allegro.pl): Allegro nisoko rinini kandi ryamamaye kumurongo muri Polonye. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, harimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. 2. OLX (www.olx.pl): OLX ni urubuga rwamamaza rwashyizwe ahagaragara aho abakoresha bashobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye nk'imodoka, imitungo itimukanwa, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibikoresho. 3. Ceneo (www.ceneo.pl): Ceneo ni moteri yo kugura igereranya ituma abayikoresha bagereranya ibiciro no kubona ibicuruzwa byiza kubicuruzwa bitandukanye biva mububiko butandukanye bwo kuri interineti muri Polonye. 4. Zalando (www.zalando. 5. Empik (www.empik.com): Empik numwe mubacuruzi bakomeye bo muri Polonye batanga ibitabo, alubumu yumuziki & DVD / firime ya Blu-Rays hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone cyangwa e-basoma. 6. RTV EURO AGD (www.euro.com.pl): RTV EURO AGD kabuhariwe mu kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka TV, firigo cyangwa imashini imesa hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa cyangwa mudasobwa zigendanwa. 7. MediaMarkt (mediamarkt.pl) - MediaMarkt nundi mucuruzi uzwi cyane wibanda ku bikoresho bya elegitoroniki ndetse n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo. 8. Decathlon (decathlon.pl) - Decathlon itanga ibintu byinshi byimikino ngororamubiri kubikorwa nko kwiruka, gusiganwa ku magare cyangwa koga hejuru y'ibiciro bitandukanye. 9 .E-obuwie (https://eobuwie.com.pl/) - E-obuwie kabuhariwe cyane cyane mukwambara inkweto kubagabo, abagore cyangwa abana batanga uburyo butandukanye nibirango. Izi porogaramu zitanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bwizewe kubakoresha Polonye kugura kumurongo, batanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nibiciro byapiganwa.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Polonye ifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye aho abantu bashobora guhuza no kwishora hamwe. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Polonye hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) - Facebook ni urubuga ruhuza abantu benshi muri Polonye, ​​rutanga ibintu bitandukanye nko gusangira inyandiko, amafoto, videwo, no guhuza inshuti. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com) - Instagram ni porogaramu izwi cyane yo gusangira amafoto muri Polonye. Abakoresha bashiraho amafoto na videwo mugihe basabana nabandi binyuze mubitekerezo kandi ukunda. 3. Twitter (www.twitter.com) - Twitter yemerera abakoresha gusangira ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet. Ikoreshwa cyane mugihe nyacyo cyo kuvugurura amakuru, ibyabaye, n'ibitekerezo muri Polonye. 4. LinkedIn (www. 5. Wykop (www.wykop. 6. GoldenLine (www.goldenline.pl) - GoldenLine ni urubuga rwabigize umwuga rusa na LinkedIn ariko rwibanda cyane ku isoko ryakazi rya Polonye. Abakoresha barashobora kwerekana ubuhanga bwabo cyangwa gushakisha abakoresha cyangwa abakozi muri Polonye. 7. NK.pl (nk.pl) - NK. 8. Nasza Klasa (nk24.naszkola.edu.pl/index. gushoboza abantu gusabana binyuze mubutumwa cyangwa binyuze mumatsinda ashingiye ku nyungu. 9.Tumblr (tumblr.com) -Tumblr ni urubuga rwa blog aho abakoresha bashobora gusangira ibintu byinshi nka multimedi nkamafoto, videwo, hamwe namakuru yanditse kuri blog. Irazwi cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Polonye. 10. Snapchat (www. Wibuke ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora gutandukana mu kwamamara no gukoreshwa mu gihe, bityo rero ni byiza gukora ubushakashatsi no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho ku mbuga nkoranyambaga za Polonye.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Polonye, ​​kuba igihugu gifite ubukungu butandukanye kandi butera imbere, gifite amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda agira uruhare runini mu gushyigikira no guteza imbere inzego zitandukanye. Amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Polonye ni: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyapolonye Lewiatan - Ni rimwe mu mashyirahamwe akomeye y'abakoresha muri Polonye kandi ahagarariye inyungu za ba nyir'ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://www.lewiatan.pl/en/urugo 2. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi muri Polonye (KIG) - KIG ni umuryango ushyigikira iterambere ry’ubucuruzi n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu gutanga amahirwe yo guhuza amakuru, amakuru, n’ubuhanga ku banyamuryango bayo. Urubuga: https://kig.pl/en/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’abashinzwe amashanyarazi muri Polonye (SEP) - SEP ihagarariye abanyamwuga bakora mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’inganda zijyanye nayo, bagamije guteza imbere ubushakashatsi, iterambere, uburezi, no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Urubuga: http://www.sep.com.pl/ururimi/en/ 4 Urubuga: http://simp.org.pl/icyongereza-icyerekezo/ 5 Urubuga: http://ekoland.orbit.net.pl/icyongereza-2/ 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’inganda muri Polonye (SIGAZ) - SIGAZ ihagarariye ibigo bigira uruhare mu kubyaza umusaruro gaze, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gushyiraho ndetse no gutanga inama ku bibazo bijyanye na gaze. Urubuga: https://www.sigaz.org/?lang=en 7. Warsaw Destination Alliance (WDA) - WDA iteza imbere urwego rw’ubukerarugendo bwa Warsaw hashyirwaho uburyo bwiza bw’amahoteri / resitora binyuze mu bufatanye n’ibigo bya leta n’ibigo by’ubukerarugendo. Urubuga: https://warsawnetwork.org/en/about-us/ 8. Ihuriro ry’aba rwiyemezamirimo n’amashyirahamwe y’abakoresha bo muri Polonye (ZPP) - ZPP itanga inkunga mu bucuruzi, kugenzura ihinduka ry’amategeko & guharanira ivugurura hamwe no guteza imbere imyumvire yo kwihangira imirimo. Urubuga: https://www.zpp.net.pl/en/ Aya mashyirahamwe agaragaza imirenge itandukanye ninganda muri Polonye. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko urutonde rutuzuye, kuko hariho andi mashyirahamwe menshi yinganda zikorera muri Polonye bitewe nimirenge cyangwa imyuga runaka.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Polonye, ​​nkigihugu cy’uburayi gitera imbere, gifite imiyoboro myinshi y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi itanga amakuru n’ibikoresho by’ubucuruzi. Hano hari imbuga za interineti zikomeye zubukungu nubucuruzi muri Polonye hamwe na URL zijyanye: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe ishoramari n’ubucuruzi muri Polonye (PAIH) - Ikigo cya leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari ry’amahanga muri Polonye. Urubuga: https://www.trade.gov.pl/en 2. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare (GUS) - Itanga amakuru yuzuye y'ibarurishamibare ku bintu bitandukanye bigize ubukungu bwa Polonye. Urubuga: https://stat.gov.pl/en/ 3. Ivunjisha rya Warsaw (GPW) - Isoko rinini cyane mu Burayi bwo hagati, ritanga amakuru ku isoko, urutonde rw’amasosiyete, na serivisi z’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.gpw.pl/urugo 4. Banki nkuru y’igihugu cya Polonye (NBP) - Banki nkuru ya Polonye itanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ifaranga, ihungabana ry’imari, imibare, n’amabwiriza. Urubuga: https://www.nbp.pl/urugo.aspx?f=/en/index.html 5.Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga- Ububiko buhuza ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Polonye n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo ubuhinzi, amabuye y'agaciro, imashini, imyenda, n'ibindi. Urubuga: https: //poland-export.com/ 6.Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Poland (ICP) - Ishyirahamwe rishyigikira ba rwiyemezamirimo batanga amahirwe yo guhuza imiyoboro, ubujyanama mu bucuruzi, serivisi, hamwe n’ingamba zo guharanira inyungu. Urubuga: http: //ir.mpzlkp.cameralab.info/ 7.Pracuj.pl- Imwe muma portal yakazi akomeye muri Polonye aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza akazi mugihe abantu bashobora gushakisha akazi keza. Urubuga ： https: //www.pracuj.pl/en. 8.Hlonline24- Isoko ryo kugura cyangwa kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mu nganda zitandukanye nka electronics, imyambarire, ibikoresho, ibikoresho, nibindi byinshi Urubuga: http ： //hlonline24.com/. Izi mbuga zitanga ubumenyi butagereranywa mubukungu bwa Polonye, ​​amahirwe yo gushora imari, politiki ya leta, amasoko y’imari, amasoko yumurimo, ububiko bwubucuruzi, imibare yubucuruzi, raporo zamakuru, nibindi byinshi. Wibuke gusura buri mbuga kugirango ushakishe itangwa ryihariye kandi ukomeze kugezwaho amakuru agezweho ajyanye nubukungu nubucuruzi bwa Polonye.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi yibibazo biboneka kuri Polonye. Dore ingero nke hamwe na aderesi zabo zurubuga: 1. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare (Główny Urząd Statystyczny) - www.stat.gov.pl - Urubuga rwemewe rw’ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare rya guverinoma ya Polonye rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi yuzuye, harimo amakuru yatumijwe mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, impirimbanyi z’ubucuruzi, n’amakuru yihariye y’umurenge. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi - www.trademap.org - Yakozwe n'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy'Ubucuruzi (ITC), iyi platform itanga imibare irambuye y’ubucuruzi muri Polonye, ​​harimo abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga / bitumizwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’ibipimo bifatika nk’amahoro n’ingamba zidasoreshwa. . 3. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze - www.exportgenius.in - Uru rubuga rutanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru yubucuruzi bwamateka nigihe nyacyo kuri Polonye. Irimo ibintu bitandukanye nka code ya HS, isesengura ryibicuruzwa, ibyambu byingenzi byinjira / bisohoka, ibihugu bikomoka-mubucuruzi. 4. Ububiko bwa Eurostat Comext - ec.europa.eu/eurostat/comext/ - Eurostat ni ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), bishinzwe gutanga imibare irambuye y’ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Ububiko bwa Comext bukubiyemo amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye Polonye yinjira mu bihugu by’Uburayi. 5. Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye - comtrade.un.org/Data/SelectionModules.aspx?di=10&ds=2&r=616-620&lg=13&px=default_no_result_tabs_csv_demoPluginViewEnabled&VW=T Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe ibarurishamibare (UNSD), iyi porogaramu ituma abayikoresha bashobora kubona amakuru y’ubucuruzi ku isi nkuko byatangajwe n’ibihugu by’ibihugu ubwabo - harimo na Polonye - bikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byashyizwe mu byiciro bitandukanye nka kode ya HS cyangwa SITC. Nyamuneka menya ko uru rutonde rutuzuye kandi hashobora kubaho izindi mbuga ziboneka zifite ibintu bisa cyangwa byongeweho kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byawe byubucuruzi bijyanye na Polonye.

B2b

Muri Polonye, ​​hari urubuga rwa B2B rwita ku bucuruzi no koroshya ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. eFirma.pl (https://efirma.pl) eFirma ni urubuga rwa B2B muri Polonye rutanga serivisi zitandukanye zubucuruzi nko kwandikisha ibigo, ibaruramari, inkunga mu by'amategeko, nibindi byinshi. 2. GlobalBroker (https://www.globalbroker.pl/) GlobalBroker itanga isoko rya B2B aho ubucuruzi bushobora kubona ibicuruzwa na serivisi zitandukanye kubatanga ibicuruzwa mu nganda zitandukanye muri Polonye. 3. Ubucuruzi bw'Ubuhinde (https://www.tradeindia.com/Umugurisha/Poland/) TradeIndia ni isoko rya B2B kumurongo uhuza abaguzi ba Polonye nabatanga isoko mpuzamahanga. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi bitanga inganda zitandukanye. 4. DDTech (http://ddtech.pl/) DDTech ni urubuga rwa B2B ruyoboye muri Polonye ruzobereye muri serivisi za IT n'ibisubizo. Ihuza ubucuruzi nabatanga ikoranabuhanga mugutezimbere software, gushushanya urubuga, guteza imbere porogaramu zigendanwa, nibindi. 5. Otafogo (https://otafogo.com/pl) Otafogo ni urubuga rwa B2B rushya rwibanda ku guhuza abaguzi ba Polonye n’abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa ku bikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga mu byiciro bitandukanye by’ibicuruzwa. 6. BiznesPartnerski (http://biznespartnerski.pl/) BiznesPartnerski ikora nk'ubuyobozi bw'amasosiyete yo muri Polonye ashaka gushinga ubufatanye mu bucuruzi mu gihugu cyangwa mu mahanga agaragaza amahirwe yo gukorana. 7. Ubwenge bwa Gemius Ubucuruzi (https://www.gemius.com/ubucuruzi-intelligence.html) Gemius Business Intelligence itanga amakuru yubushakashatsi bwisoko nisesengura kubucuruzi bukorera muri Polonye binyuze kumurongo wacyo wa interineti ugenewe cyane cyane ubushishozi bwisoko. Izi porogaramu zitanga ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango bifashe ubucuruzi guhuza abafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abatanga isoko ku isoko rya Polonye cyangwa kwagura ibikorwa byabo ku isi.
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