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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Bangladesh, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika y’abaturage ya Bangladesh, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Ihuza imbibi zayo n'Ubuhinde mu burengerazuba, mu majyaruguru, no mu burasirazuba, na Miyanimari mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Ikigobe cya Bengal kiri mu majyepfo yacyo. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 165, Bangladesh ni kimwe mu bihugu bituwe cyane ku isi. Umurwa mukuru wacyo n'umujyi munini ni Dhaka. Nubwo ari ntoya mubunini, Bangladesh ifite umurage gakondo. Ubuvanganzo, umuziki, imbyino nkimbyino za rubanda nuburyo bwo kubyina bwa kera nka Bharatanatyam barubahwa cyane. Ururimi rwigihugu ni Ikibengali gifite umwanya wingenzi mubuhanzi numuco. Mu bukungu, Bangladesh yateye intambwe igaragara mumyaka mirongo ishize. Irashyirwa mubukungu bwihuta cyane kwisi kwisi. Inganda nyamukuru z’igihugu zirimo imyenda n’imyenda (kuyita izina "igihugu cy’imyenda"), imiti, imiti y’ubwato, umusaruro wa jute kimwe n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nkumuceri nicyayi. Icyakora, ubukene bukomeje kugaragara mu bice byinshi bya Bangladesh; hashyizweho ingufu n’imiryango y’inzego z’ibanze n’inzego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’iterambere. Imiterere nyaburanga ya Bangaladeshi ifite urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kuva mu cyaro kibisi kibisi kugeza ku ruzi runini nk'uruzi rwa Meghna-Brahmaputra-Jamuna rugira uruhare runini mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi. Icyakora imicungire y’amazi ikomeje kuba ingorabahizi ku bayobozi ba Bangladeshi kubera imyuzure y’imvura iba buri mwaka itera kwangirika kwinshi. Muri rusange, Bangaladeshi ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere gifite ubukungu bwihuta cyane ariko nanone gihura n’ibibazo by’imibereho nk’ubukene n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije. Abanya Bangaladeshi bazwiho kwihangana, ubukire bw’umuco, ndetse n’umwuka ukomeye w’abaturage ukomeje kugira imiterere y’igihugu.

Bangladesh ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Ifaranga rikoreshwa muri Bangladesh ni Bangladeshi Taka (BDT). Ikimenyetso cya Taka ni ৳ kandi kigizwe na 100 paisa. Taka yo muri Bangladeshi ifite igipimo cy’ivunjisha gihamye ugereranije n’ifaranga rikomeye ry’amahanga nk’amadolari y’Amerika, Euro, na Pound yo mu Bwongereza. Biremewe cyane mugihugu mubikorwa byose birimo guhaha, kurya, gutwara, nicumbi. Kubijyanye n'amadini, hari ibiceri by'indangagaciro zitandukanye ziboneka harimo 1 taka, 2 taka, 5 taka, n'inoti kuva kuri taka 10 kugeza kuri 500. Inoti zikoreshwa cyane ni iz'amadini mato nka fagitire 10-taka na 20-taka. Kugirango ubone Taka ya Bangladeshi muguhana andi mafaranga, abantu barashobora gusura amabanki yemewe cyangwa ibigo byivunjisha biboneka mugihugu cyose. Amahoteri menshi kandi atanga serivisi zo kuvunja abashyitsi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bishobora kuba byiza gutwara amafaranga y’ibanze mu ruzinduko rwawe muri Bangladesh kuko ibigo bito bito bidashobora kwakira amafaranga y’amahanga cyangwa amakarita y’inguzanyo. Byongeye kandi, ni byiza kumenyesha banki yawe mbere yingendo kugirango umenye neza ko ikarita yawe yo kubikuza / inguzanyo izakora neza mugihe cyawe. Muri rusange, Bangaladeshi ikorera ku ifaranga ry’igihugu ryitwa Bangladeshi Taka (BDT), rifite agaciro gahamye ugereranije n’ifaranga mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga mu mbibi z’igihugu.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Bangladesh ni Bangladeshi Taka (BDT). Hano haragereranijwe igipimo cyivunjisha kumafaranga amwe akomeye arwanya Taka ya Bangladeshi: - 1 US $ (USD) ≈ 85 BDT - 1 Euro (EUR) ≈ 100 BDT - Pound 1 y'Abongereza (GBP) ≈ 115 BDT - Amadorari 1 ya Australiya (AUD) ≈ 60 BDT Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cyivunjisha gishobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu bitandukanye nkibihe byamasoko nihindagurika. Nibyiza kugenzura isoko yizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubiciro byivunjisha bigezweho.

Bangladesh, igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yepfo, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru yashinze imizi mu murage gakondo w’igihugu ndetse n'imigenzo itandukanye. Imwe mu minsi mikuru izwi cyane muri Bangladesh ni Eid-ul-Fitr. Iranga Ramazani, ukwezi gutagatifu kwisonzesha kubayisilamu. Ibirori bizana umunezero n'ibyishimo mugihe abantu bateraniye hamwe nimiryango ninshuti kwizihiza. Amasengesho adasanzwe atangirwa mumisigiti, agakurikirwa no gusangira ibyokurya gakondo biryoshye nka biryani na kurma sheer. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye ni Pohela Boishakh, wizihiza umwaka mushya wa bangariya. Bizihizwa ku ya 14 Mata buri mwaka ukurikije kalendari ya Bengali, ni igihe abantu bakira umwaka mushya bafite ishyaka ryinshi n'ibyishimo. Imyiyerekano y'amabara azwi ku izina rya "Mangal Shobhajatra" ibera mu mijyi irimo imiziki, imbyino, n'imurikagurisha gakondo n'ubukorikori. Byongeye kandi, Durga Puja ifite akamaro gakomeye mu Bahindu muri Bangladesh. Uyu munsi mukuru w’amadini wibutsa intsinzi ya Mukamana Durga ku mbaraga mbi. Ibigirwamana bitatse neza byimana byimana Durga bisengwa mu nsengero hagati yindirimbo zihimbaza Imana (Bhajans) ziherekejwe n’ibitaramo bitandukanye by’umuco nko gukina amakinamico. Byongeye kandi, Noheri yizihizwa numubare munini wabakristu baba muri Bangladesh. Amatorero arimbishijwe neza n'amatara n'imitako mugihe imbaga idasanzwe iba mugihe cya Noheri cyangwa mugitondo cya Noheri ikurikirwa nibirori birimo guhana impano no gusangira hamwe. Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’ururimi kavukire ni undi munsi w’ingenzi wizihizwa buri mwaka ku ya 21 Gashyantare kugira ngo bunamire abahowe Imana bahowe Imana bitanze ubuzima bwabo mu myigaragambyo y’ururimi baharanira ko ururimi rw’ikibengali rwamenyekana mu 1952. Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo yerekana imico itandukanye gusa ahubwo inateza imbere ubwumvikane hagati y’amadini atandukanye yo muri Bangladesh. Batanga amahirwe kubantu b'ingeri zose guhurira hamwe no kwishimira imigenzo yabo mugihe bateza imbere ubumwe mumiryango itandukanye mugihugu.

Bangladesh nigihugu gitera imbere giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Ubukungu bwabwo bushingiye cyane ku byoherezwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane mu nganda z’imyenda n’imyenda. Igihugu cyagize iterambere rikomeye mu myaka yashize kandi cyagaragaye nkimwe mu masoko manini akora inganda ku myenda ku isi. Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, Bangladesh yohereza cyane cyane ibicuruzwa byimyenda nkimyenda, imyenda iboshywe, n imyenda. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa cyane cyane ku masoko akomeye nka Amerika ndetse n’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Urwego rwimyenda rwiteguye rufite igice kinini cyamafaranga yinjira muri Bangladesh. Igihugu kandi cyohereza mu mahanga ibindi bicuruzwa birimo amafi akonje n’ibikomoka ku nyanja, imiti, ibicuruzwa by’uruhu, ibicuruzwa bya jute (jute ni fibre naturel), umusaruro w’ubuhinzi nkicyayi n'umuceri, ibikomoka ku bukerarugendo, n'inkweto. Ku ruhande rw'ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Bangaladeshi itumiza cyane cyane ibikoresho fatizo nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibikoresho by'imashini mu nganda nk'imyenda n'imiti, ibikomoka ku byuma n'ibyuma, ifumbire, ibinyampeke (cyane cyane umuceri), ibicuruzwa bikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye bo muri Bangladesh barimo Ubushinwa (haba mu byoherezwa mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze), Ubuhinde (ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga), ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (ku byohereza mu mahanga), Amerika (ku byohereza hanze). Byongeye kandi, ibihugu bya kisilamu nka Arabiya Sawudite bigenda bigaragara nkabafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi kubera kongera ubufatanye mu bucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, Bangaladeshi igira uruhare runini mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi mu karere nka SAFTA (Ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwo muri Aziya yepfo) aho ibihugu bigize uyu muryango muri Aziya yepfo bigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu karere hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye. Icyakora, Bangaladeshi ihura n’ibibazo mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi harimo imbogamizi z’ibikorwa remezo zibangamira gutwara ibicuruzwa neza, inzira za gasutamo zitwara igihe, ibibazo byubaka ubushobozi mu nganda. Kurandura izo nzitizi byazamura imikorere y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange, ubukungu bwa Bangladesh bushingiye cyane ku nganda z’imyenda, ariko hashyirwa ingufu mu gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hifashishijwe inganda zishobora kuba nka farumasi, amafi akonje, na serivisi za software kugira ngo ubukungu bwiyongere.

Bangladesh, igihugu cya Aziya yepfo giherereye ku kigobe cya Bengal, gifite amahirwe menshi mu bijyanye no guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nubwo ari igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere gifite ibibazo bitandukanye, Bangladesh yateye intambwe igaragara mu myaka yashize kandi igaragara nk'uruhare rukomeye mu bucuruzi ku isi. Imwe mu mbaraga zikomeye za Bangladesh iri mu nganda z’imyenda n’imyenda. Ubu iki gihugu ni kimwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isi mu mahanga imyenda yiteguye, yungukirwa no kubona abakozi bafite ubumenyi ndetse n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byapiganwa. Kubera ko isi igenda yiyongera ku myambaro ihendutse, Bangladesh irashobora gukoresha ayo mahirwe yo kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kurushaho. Byongeye kandi, Bangaladeshi ifite ahantu heza hashobora kuba akarusho mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Igabana imipaka n'Ubuhinde na Miyanimari mu gihe byoroshye kubona inzira nini zo mu nyanja. Iyi myanya ifatika ifungura imiryango kumasoko yakarere nku Buhinde na Aziya y Amajyepfo yAmajyepfo mugihe nayo ihuza andi masoko yisi. Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma ya Bangladeshi yafashe ingamba zo kunoza koroshya ubucuruzi hashyirwa mu bikorwa politiki yorohereza ubucuruzi no gushyiraho uduce twihariye tw’ubukungu. Izi ngamba zashishikarije ishoramari ry’amahanga mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo inganda, serivisi, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, n’ingufu. Byongeye kandi, Bangladesh ifite amahirwe menshi yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bitewe n'ubutaka burumbuka ndetse n'ikirere cyiza. Igihugu gitanga ibikomoka ku buhinzi butandukanye nk'umuceri, jute (bikoreshwa mu gukora imifuka), ibiribwa byo mu nyanja (harimo na shrimp), imbuto (nk'imyembe), ibirungo (nka turmeric), n'ibindi, bikenerwa cyane ku isi. Gushimangira ibikorwa remezo byoherezwa mu mahanga no guteza imbere kongera agaciro birashobora gufasha kuzamura amahirwe y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ku bahinzi bo muri Bangladesh. Byongeye kandi, hari imbaraga zidakoreshwa mu rwego rwa IT aho usanga hari iterambere ryiterambere rya serivise zo guteza imbere porogaramu zitanga serivisi hamwe n’ibisubizo bitangwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga hifashishijwe ubumenyi bw’urubyiruko mu ikoranabuhanga. Kugirango tumenye neza ko isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze nubwo bisaba gukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nko kunoza imikorere y’ibikorwa remezo - harimo n’ibyambu - guharanira umutekano wa politiki cyangwa kugabanya kaseti itukura ya biro ishobora kubangamira ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Mu gusoza, Bangladesh ifite amahirwe akomeye mu guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hamwe n’urwego rw’imyenda irushanwe, geografiya nziza, guteza imbere ubucuruzi, umutungo w’ubuhinzi, ndetse n’inganda zigenda ziyongera - byose bishyigikiwe n’ingamba zo gutsinda ibibazo - Bangaladeshi ihagaze neza kugira ngo ikoreshe amahirwe kandi yongere ubucuruzi bwayo ku isi.

Iyo usuzumye ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa ku nganda z’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Bangladesh, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa n’imiterere y’ubukungu bw’igihugu ndetse n’ibikenerwa n’abaguzi. Icyiciro kimwe cyibicuruzwa bifite amahirwe menshi muri Bangladesh ni imyenda n imyenda. Nka kimwe mu bihugu byohereza imyenda nini ku isi, Bangladesh ifite inganda zitera imbere. Kwohereza hanze imyenda yimyambarire ikozwe mumyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru irashobora kuba amahirwe ashimishije kubacuruzi bo mumahanga. Ikindi gice cyizewe ku isoko ni ubuhinzi n’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku buhinzi. Bitewe n'ubutaka burumbuka hamwe n’ikirere cyiza, Bangaladeshi itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ubuhinzi nkumuceri, jute, icyayi, ibirungo, imbuto, nimboga. Ibi bintu bifite icyifuzo gikomeye haba mugace ndetse no mumahanga. Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki nibicuruzwa bijyanye na IT nabyo bigenda byamamara ku isoko rya Bangladeshi. Isabwa rya terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, hamwe n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano nka terefone cyangwa amasaha y’ubwenge biriyongera cyane kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kongera amafaranga yinjira. Mu myaka yashize, ingufu z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu za guverinoma ndetse n’abaguzi bashaka ibisubizo birambye. Imirasire y'izuba, ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nkamatara ya LED cyangwa abafana biri muburyo bugenda bugaragara kubacuruzi bo mumahanga bashaka gushakisha muri uru rwego rwicyatsi kibisi. Ubwanyuma ariko byibuze services serivisi zijyanye n'ubukerarugendo nka paki yubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije cyangwa siporo yo kwidagadura iragenda ikundwa n’abagenzi bo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga muri Bangladesh kubera ubwiza nyaburanga burimo inyanja nziza, imisozi itangaje, ahantu ndangamurage ndangamuco, amashyamba ya mangrove atuwe, na inyamanswa zinyuranye. Hamwe nububiko bukwiye bujyanye nibikorwa byubukerarugendo bushinzwe, iki gice gishobora gutanga amahirwe yinjiza abacuruzi bo mumahanga. Muri make, Bangaladeshi itanga amahirwe menshi mu nganda zinyuranye zirimo imyenda n’imyenda 、 ubuhinzi n’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku buhinzi 、 ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ibicuruzwa bya IT products ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu 、 na serivisi z’ubukerarugendo. Icyakora ， ni ingenzi cyane ku bucuruzi bwinjira muri aya masoko, gukora ubushakashatsi ku byifuzo byaho, kumenyekanisha ibitekerezo bishya, no gukomeza ingamba z’ibiciro byapiganwa. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bunoze, ubufatanye mu bucuruzi, no gusobanukirwa n’imiterere y’isoko rya Bangladeshi, abacuruzi b’amahanga barashobora gushinga no kwaguka mu bihugu byateye imbere muri Bangladesh. inganda z'ubucuruzi.

Bangladesh, iherereye muri Aziya yepfo, nigihugu gifite imiterere yihariye yabakiriya na kirazira. Gusobanukirwa iyo mico ni ngombwa mugihe ukora ubucuruzi cyangwa kwishora hamwe nabakiriya baturutse muri Bangladesh. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Kwakira abashyitsi: Abanya Bangladesh bazwiho kuba basusurutsa kandi bakira neza. Baha agaciro umubano wihariye kandi akenshi bashyira imbere kubaka mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa byubucuruzi. 2. Kubaha abasaza: Umuco wa Bangladeshi ushimangira kubaha abasaza. Abantu bakuze bahabwa icyubahiro cyinshi kandi ibitekerezo byabo birahabwa agaciro cyane. 3. Umuco wo guterana amagambo: Gucuruza ni akamenyero muri Bangladesh, cyane cyane ku masoko yaho cyangwa mu bucuruzi buciriritse. Abakiriya bakunze kuganira kubiciro kugirango babone amasezerano meza ashoboka. 4. Akamaro k'umuryango: Umuryango ugira uruhare runini muri societe ya Bangladeshi, kandi ibyemezo bifatwa akenshi hamwe hamwe urebye imibereho yumuryango. 5. Iyobokamana: Islamu niryo dini ryiganje muri Bangladesh; niyo mpamvu abakiriya benshi bakurikiza imigenzo y’idini kandi bagakurikiza amahame ya kisilamu. Kirazira y'abakiriya: 1. Ibyiyumvo by’amadini: Ni ngombwa kubaha imyizerere ishingiye ku idini iyo usabana n’abakiriya ba Bangaladeshi kubera ko idini igira uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho yabo. 2. Gukoresha Ukuboko kw'ibumoso: Gukoresha ukuboko kw'ibumoso mugihe utanze ikintu, guhana amafaranga, cyangwa kurya bifatwa nk'ubupfura kuko bisanzwe bifitanye isano no gukoresha ubwiherero. 3. Inkweto z'inkweto Etiquette: Kwereka ibirenge umuntu cyangwa gushyira inkweto kumeza / intebe bifatwa nkimyitwarire idahwitse mubanya Bangladesh benshi. 4. Inzego z'imibereho: Irinde kuganira ku ngingo zoroshye nka politiki cyangwa kunegura abantu bafite imyanya y'ubuyobozi muri sosiyete. 5.Imikoranire y’Uburinganire: Mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’aba conservateurs ba societe, birashobora kuba byiza wegereye uburinganire bwitondewe utanga cyane kubagabo. Gusobanukirwa ibi biranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira zavuzwe bizafasha gushiraho umubano mwiza nabakiriya ba Bangladeshi mugihe witabira icyubahiro mumico yabo

Bangladesh, igihugu cya Aziya yepfo giherereye ku kigobe cya Bengal, gifite amabwiriza n’amabwiriza yihariye ya gasutamo abashyitsi bagomba kumenya igihe binjiye cyangwa bava mu gihugu. Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo muri Bangladesh yashyizweho kugirango igenzure ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no kubahiriza ibisabwa n'amategeko. Dore ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka: 1. Inyandiko zisabwa: Abagenzi bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe nibura amezi atandatu. Byongeye kandi, ibyangombwa bya viza cyangwa ibyangombwa birashobora gusabwa bitewe n'intego n'igihe bimara. 2. Ibintu bibujijwe / bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe birabujijwe cyangwa birabujijwe gutumizwa cyangwa kohereza hanze muri Bangladesh. Muri byo harimo ibiyobyabwenge, imbunda, amasasu, amafaranga y'amiganano, ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga, ibikoresho byerekana porunogarafiya, n'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe by’umuco. 3. Kubuza Ifaranga: Hariho imipaka ku mubare w'ifaranga ryaho (Bangladeshi Taka) umuntu ashobora gutwara iyo yinjiye cyangwa ava muri Bangladesh. Kugeza ubu, abatari abenegihugu barashobora kuzana BDT 5,000 mu mafaranga batabimenyeshejwe mu gihe amafaranga arenze iyi mipaka asaba kumenyekanisha kuri gasutamo. 4. Amafaranga atishyurwa: Hariho amafaranga atishyurwa kubicuruzwa byihariye nkingaruka zumuntu nkimyambaro nubwiherero muburyo bukwiye bwo gukoresha kugiti cyawe. 5. Itangazo ryigenga: Abagenzi bagomba kuzuza imenyekanisha rya gasutamo neza iyo bahageze iyo barenze amafaranga atishyurwa cyangwa batwaye ibintu bibujijwe. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko abagenzi bagomba guhora bagenzura ambasade ya Bangladeshi / konsuline mbere y’urugendo kuko amategeko gakondo ashobora guhinduka rimwe na rimwe kubera impungenge z'umutekano cyangwa izindi mpamvu zigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange, abantu basuye Bangaladeshi bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo akurikizwa kandi bakubahiriza ibyangombwa byinjira kuko kutabikora bishobora kuvamo ibibazo by’amategeko cyangwa kwamburwa ibicuruzwa n’ubuyobozi.

Bangladesh ishyiraho amahoro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byinjira mu gihugu. Imisoro yakwa ikora nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu. Igipimo cy’amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa. Ku bicuruzwa by'ingenzi nk'ibiribwa, guverinoma ubusanzwe ishyiraho umusoro muke kugira ngo abaturage bayo bahenduke kandi baboneke. Nyamara, ibintu by'akataraboneka bihura n’imisoro iri hejuru kugirango bigabanye ibyo bakoresha kandi biteze imbere ubundi buryo. Igipimo cy’amahoro yatumijwe muri Bangaladeshi yashyizwe mu byiciro bitandukanye bishingiye ku masezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi na politiki y’imbere mu gihugu. Muri rusange, ibikoresho fatizo bikenerwa mu musaruro w’inganda byunguka imirimo yo hasi cyangwa gusonerwa gutera inkunga inganda. Usibye imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, Bangaladeshi ikoresha kandi umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) mu bihe byinshi. Uyu ni umusoro wongeyeho ushingiye kumikoreshereze wongeyeho igiciro cyibicuruzwa byatumijwe hanze. Amategeko ya gasutamo ya Bangladesh ni ishingiro ryemewe ryo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Irerekana inzira, amabwiriza, hamwe n’ibibuza kugenga ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, harimo imisoro n’imisoro ikoreshwa. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa babona ibyangombwa kandi bagashaka inama zumwuga mugihe bitumizwa muri Bangladesh kuko kubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo ari ngombwa. Byongeye kandi, gukomeza kuvugururwa na politiki iriho ni ngombwa kuko bishobora guhinduka buri gihe bitewe nubukungu cyangwa gahunda za leta zigamije kuzamura inganda zimbere mu gihugu cyangwa kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu nzego zihariye. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga muri Bangladesh igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'ubucuruzi mu gihe rushyigikira inganda zaho ndetse no gutuma ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi bikomeza kuba byiza ku baturage bayo.

Bangladesh, igihugu muri Aziya yepfo, gikurikiza politiki yihariye yimisoro kubicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Intego nyamukuru ya politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga ni uguteza imbere no gushishikariza inganda zishingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga, zifite uruhare runini mu iterambere rusange ry’ubukungu bwa Bangladesh. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Bangaladeshi bishimira inyungu zitandukanye z’imisoro ndetse n’ubushake bwo gushishikariza uruhare rwabo mu bucuruzi bw’isi. Imwe muri izo nyungu ni uko ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa muri Bangladesh bisonewe imisoro cyangwa bikavurwa. Ibi bituma abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bakomeza guhatanira isoko mpuzamahanga. Politiki yimisoro yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye iratandukanye bitewe numurenge nubwoko bwibicuruzwa. Kurugero, imyenda nibicuruzwa byimyenda, bigize igice kinini cyibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Bangladesh, mubisanzwe bifite amategeko atandukanye yimisoro ugereranije nizindi nzego nka jute cyangwa imiti. Muri rusange, inganda zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga zishobora kwifashishwa mu gusonerwa imisoro cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye nk'ububiko bw’ububiko, uburyo bwo kugabanya imisoro, imisoro ku nyongeragaciro (umusoro ku nyongeragaciro) ku bicuruzwa fatizo bimwe na bimwe bikoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga gusa. . Mu rwego rwo kurushaho korohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no gutanga amakuru yerekeye imisoro ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byabo, Bangladesh nayo yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda ihuza (HS) itondekanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Sisitemu igenera code yihariye kuri buri cyiciro cyibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bipimo byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mugukoresha aya ma code mugihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bangladesh, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze barashobora kugena ibiciro n'amabwiriza akoreshwa byoroshye. Ni ngombwa ko abashoramari bakora ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bangladesh bakomeza kumenya impinduka cyangwa ivugururwa ryakozwe n’ubuyobozi bijyanye na politiki y’imisoro kuko itandukaniro rishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byabo. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bashobora kugisha inama impuguke z’imisoro cyangwa inzego za leta zibishinzwe zishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa izo politiki zerekeye ibibazo byihariye bashobora kuba bafite bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa cyangwa imirenge. Muri rusange, hamwe na politiki nziza y’imisoro igamije gushyigikira ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gushishikariza ubufatanye bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, Bangladesh ikomeje guharanira kuba ahantu nyaburanga hagaragara ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

Bangladesh ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Yabonye kumenyekana kubera inganda zikomeye zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu rwego rwo koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, Bangladesh yashyize mu bikorwa ibyemezo bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo ibicuruzwa n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byuzuzwe neza. Kimwe mu byemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Bangladesh ni icyemezo cyo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (EPB). Iki cyemezo gitangwa na EPB, ishinzwe guteza imbere no kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva muri Bangladesh. Icyemezo cya EPB cyemeza ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bubahiriza ibisabwa n'amabwiriza yose akenewe mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byabo byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ikindi cyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Bangladesh ni icyemezo cyinkomoko (CO). Iyi nyandiko yemeza ko ibicuruzwa byakozwe rwose cyangwa byakorewe muri Bangladesh. Ifasha kwemeza uburenganzira bwo kuvurwa hakurikijwe amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati ya Bangladesh n’ibindi bihugu. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Bangladesh akenshi bisaba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga kugirango byuzuze ubuziranenge ku isi. Kimwe muri ibyo bipimo ni icyemezo cya ISO 9001: 2015, cyerekana ubushake bwikigo muri sisitemu yo gucunga neza mubikorwa byayo byose. Mu myaka yashize, imirenge myinshi yo muri Bangladesh yagaragaye iterambere ryinshi mubijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda zabaye imwe mu nzego zambere zinjiza amadovize mu gihugu. Kugira ngo irushanwe guhangana, yubahiriza ibyemezo mpuzamahanga nka Oeko-Tex Standard 100, yemeza ko imyenda yujuje ibyifuzo by’abantu n’ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka jute cyangwa ibiribwa byo mu nyanja bigomba kubahiriza ibyemezo bitandukanye by’umutekano w’ibiribwa nka Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) cyangwa GlobalG.A.P., Byerekana ko byubahirizwa na sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu ncamake, ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bangladesh, impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zigira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi hubahirizwa amabwiriza n’amahame mpuzamahanga ajyanye n’inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo gucunga neza, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwihaza mu biribwa. Izi mpamyabumenyi zigira uruhare mu kubaka ikizere mu baguzi ku isi mu gihe bazamura izina ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Bangladeshi ku isi.

Bangaladeshi ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere giherereye muri Aziya y'Epfo, kizwiho umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye ndetse n'ubukungu bwiyongera. Ku bijyanye na logistique, hari ibintu bike byingenzi bituma Bangladesh ihitamo neza. Ubwa mbere, aho ingamba za Bangladesh zifata ihuriro ryiza ryubucuruzi bwakarere ndetse n’amahanga. Iki gihugu giherereye mu masangano ya Aziya yepfo, Aziya y Amajyepfo yAmajyepfo, na Aziya y Uburasirazuba, iki gihugu ni irembo ry’uturere. Iyi myanya myiza ya geografiya itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera kumasoko akomeye nk'Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa. Icya kabiri, Bangladesh yashora imari cyane mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo kugirango ishyigikire urwego rwibikoresho byiyongera. Guverinoma yibanze ku kunoza imihanda, gari ya moshi, ibibuga by’indege, n’ibyambu mu gihugu hose. Kurugero, icyambu cya Chittagong giherutse kwagurwa ubu ni kimwe mu byambu byinshi muri Aziya yepfo. Icya gatatu, Bangladesh itanga amafaranga yo gutwara abantu ugereranije nibindi bihugu byo mukarere. Kuboneka k'umurimo uhendutse kurushaho bigira uruhare mubikorwa-byo gukoresha ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, hashyizweho ingufu mu koroshya inzira za gasutamo no kugabanya inzitizi za bureucratique ku bucuruzi butumiza cyangwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Byongeye kandi, Bangaladeshi imaze kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya e-bucuruzi mu myaka yashize. Ibi biratanga amahirwe menshi kumasosiyete akora ibikorwa byo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma cyangwa kumurongo wo kugurisha kumurongo ushaka gushakisha isoko rishya. Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’ibikoresho akorera muri Bangladesh atanga serivisi zuzuye zirimo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu kirere cyangwa mu nyanja; ubucuruzi bwa gasutamo; ububiko; gukwirakwiza; ibisubizo byo gupakira; serivisi yo gutanga byihuse n'ibindi Icyakora kimwe n’ibindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifite ibibazo bikomeye byo mu bikoresho nabyo birahari muri Bangaladeshi nko kuba imihanda idahagije hanze y’umujyi wa metropolitani ishobora kugira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa ku gihe cyane cyane mu gihe cy’imvura. Kubera iyo mpamvu, buri gihe birasabwa ko ubucuruzi bwakorana n’abafatanyabikorwa baho bafite uburambe bameze neza -umenyereye nibi bibazo kandi ufite ubumenyi bwibanze bushobora gufasha kubigendamo neza. Ibintu byose byasuzumwe, Bangaladeshi itanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi bushakisha ibisubizo byiza byifashishwa mu iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, ahantu heza h’akarere ndetse n’ubushobozi bw’isoko rya e-bucuruzi ryaguka.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Bangladesh, iherereye muri Aziya yepfo, yagaragaye nkumukinnyi ukomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga n’inganda zikomeye zikora. Igihugu gitanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi zogutanga amasoko n’isoko mpuzamahanga, hamwe n’imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha bitandukanye. Imwe mu nzira zingenzi ziva muri Bangaladeshi binyuze mu nganda zayo zikomeye. Bangaladeshi ni kimwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga ku isi, bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga baturutse mu bihugu nka Amerika, Ubudage, Ubufaransa, n'Ubutaliyani. Abakora imyenda yaho biyerekanye nkabatanga ibyiringiro batanga ibiciro byapiganwa nibicuruzwa byiza. Usibye imyambaro n'imyenda, Bangladesh nayo irusha abandi imirenge nk'ibicuruzwa by'uruhu n'ibicuruzwa bya jute. Abakora ibicuruzwa by'uruhu muri Bangaladeshi bitondera ibicuruzwa bizwi ku isi yose kubera ubuhanga bwabo mu gukora ibintu bitandukanye birimo imifuka, inkweto, amakoti, igikapu, n'ibindi. Kugirango borohereze ubucuruzi hagati yabaguzi mpuzamahanga nabatanga isoko ryaho, imurikagurisha ritandukanye ritegurwa umwaka wose. Imurikagurisha ryamenyekanye harimo: 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Dhaka: Muri uku kwezi kumara ukwezi kwabaye kwerekana buri mwaka ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo imyenda n imyenda, jute & jute ibicuruzwa, uruhu & ibicuruzwa, imashini & ibiryo bitunganya ibiryo, Serivisi za ICT, n'ibindi byinshi. 2. Imurikagurisha rya BGMEA Imurikagurisha: Ryateguwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora imyenda n’abashoramari bo muri Bangladeshi (BGMEA), iki gikorwa cyibanze gusa ku mahirwe yo gushakira imyenda abayikora barenga 400 munsi yinzu imwe. 3. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ibicuruzwa by’uruhu (ILGF) - Dhaka: Iri murikagurisha ryahariwe kwerekana ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge by’uruhu byakozwe n’inganda zikomeye zo muri Bangladeshi byibasira abaguzi ku isi bashaka ibishushanyo mbonera ku giciro cyo gupiganwa. 4.Agro Tech - Imurikagurisha ryihariye ry’ubuhinzi riteza imbere iterambere ry’ubuhinzi mu gihe ritanga amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko mu nganda zinyuranye zishingiye ku buhinzi nk’imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi ibikoresho byo mu mahanga byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bigamije ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibindi, Iyerekana ryubucuruzi ritanga urubuga kubaguzi mpuzamahanga kugirango bahure nabatanga isoko, bashireho imiyoboro, kandi bashakishe amahirwe yubucuruzi. Bafasha kandi gusobanukirwa imiterere yinganda zaho no kunguka ubumenyi mubyerekezo nibicuruzwa bigenda bigaragara. Bangladesh yerekanye ubushake bwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga hashyirwaho uturere tw’ubukungu no gushyiraho ibidukikije byorohereza abashoramari. Itanga uburyo bushimishije kandi bushimishije kubashoramari babanyamahanga mugihe bakora neza. Ibi byongereye imbaraga igihugu mu rwego rwo gushakisha abaguzi ku isi. Muri rusange, hamwe n’ibikorwa byayo bikomeye, ibiciro byapiganwa, hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’ubuziranenge, Bangladesh ikomeje gukurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye mu nzego zitandukanye. Uruhare rwarwo mu bucuruzi rwerekana amahirwe menshi yo guhuza imiyoboro, gushakisha ibicuruzwa, no gushakisha ubufatanye bushoboka mu bucuruzi bw’ibidukikije mu gihugu.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Bangladesh, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. Google (www.google.com.bd): Google niyo moteri ishakisha izwi cyane muri Bangladesh no kwisi yose. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi bikubiyemo ingingo zitandukanye nkamakuru, amashusho, videwo, amakarita, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing nindi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane muri Bangladesh. Itanga ibintu bisa na Google kandi izwiho kuba igaragara neza kurupapuro rufite ishusho ihinduka buri munsi. 3. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): Nubwo itakunzwe nka Google cyangwa Bing, Yahoo iracyafite abakoresha benshi muri Bangladesh. Yahoo itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo n'ubushobozi bwo gushakisha urubuga. 4. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo yitandukanya ashimangira ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha. Ntabwo ibika amakuru yihariye kandi irinda ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byihariye bishingiye kumateka yo gushakisha. 5. Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): Ecosia ni moteri ishakisha ibidukikije yangiza ibidukikije ikoresha amafaranga yinjira mu gutera ibiti hirya no hino ku isi, ishyigikira ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba mu gihe itanga ibisubizo by’ubushakashatsi byizewe. 6. Yandex (yandex.com): Yandex ni moteri ishakisha ikorera mu Burusiya ikoreshwa cyane mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba no muri Aziya yo hagati harimo ibice bya Bangladesh. 7. Naver (search.naver.com): Nubwo ikunzwe cyane muri Koreya yepfo, Naver itanga uburyo bwicyongereza kubakoresha hanze ya Koreya bashaka amakuru kubintu bitandukanye birimo amakuru, urubuga, amashusho nibindi. 8. Baidu (www. Izi nizo moteri zikoreshwa cyane muri Bangladesh hamwe na aderesi zabo za interineti aho ushobora kuzigeraho kugirango ushakishe.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Bangladesh, hari impapuro nyinshi zumuhondo zitanga urutonde namakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi na serivisi zitandukanye. Hano hari amwe mumapaji yingenzi yumuhondo muri Bangladesh hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Bangladesh: Uru nimwe mububiko bwurupapuro rwumuhondo ruzwi cyane mugihugu, rutanga urutonde rwuzuye rwibikorwa biva mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.bgyellowpages.com/ 2. Ububiko bwibitabo bya Grameenphone: Grameenphone, umwe mubakoresha itumanaho rikomeye muri Bangladesh, akora ububiko bwihariye bwo kuri interineti bwitwa "Bookstore." Harimo icyegeranyo kinini cyurutonde rwubucuruzi mubice bitandukanye. Urashobora kubisanga kuri: https://grameenphone.com/ubucuruzi/umurongo-ubuyobozi/ibitabo 3. Ububiko bwa Prothom Alo Ububiko: Prothom Alo nikinyamakuru gisomwa cyane muri Bangladesh kandi gitanga urubuga rwa interineti rwo gushakisha ubucuruzi bwaho. Ubucuruzi bwabo bushobora kuboneka ukoresheje iyi link: https://vcd.prothomalo.com/ubuyobozi 4 Urubuga rwimpapuro zabo z'umuhondo ni: http://www.bangladeshinfo.net/ 5. Bangla ya moteri ishakisha - Amardesh24.com Ubuyobozi bwa interineti: Amardesh24.com itanga urutonde rwuzuye hamwe namakuru arambuye kubucuruzi bukorera muri Bangaladeshi binyuze muri serivise yububiko bwa interineti yitwa "Bangla Local Search Engine." Ihuza ryurubuga ni: http: //ubucuruzi.amardesh24.com/ 6.Urubuga rwUmujyi wa Kigali (urugero, Dhaka Umujyi wa ruguru- www.dncc.gov.bd na Dhaka City City Corporation- www.dscc.gov.bd): Imijyi minini nka Dhaka ifite imbuga zihariye zicungwa n’amasosiyete yo mu mujyi ashobora kuba arimo ububiko bwubucuruzi cyangwa amakuru yamakuru. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zavuzwe haruguru zari ukuri mugihe cyo kwandika ariko zishobora guhinduka. Byongeye kandi, ni byiza kugisha inama abayobozi cyangwa bizewe mugihe ukora ibikorwa byubucuruzi cyangwa gushaka serivisi mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Muri Bangladesh, inganda za e-ubucuruzi zateye imbere byihuse mumyaka yashize. Igihugu cyakira imiyoboro myinshi ya e-ubucuruzi ihaza ibyifuzo by’abaturage biyongera. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Bangladesh hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Daraz (www.daraz.com. Yemerera abagurisha baho ndetse n’amahanga kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo. 2. Bagdoom (www.bagdoom.com): Bagdoom ni urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo kugura kumurongo rutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, ubwiza nibicuruzwa byita ku buzima, inzu nziza, n'impano. 3. AjkerDeal (www. 4 5.Rokomari (https: Izi ni ingero nke gusa za e-ubucuruzi buzwi bwa e-ubucuruzi bukorera mumasoko ya interineti ya Bangladesh.Uretse ibyo, abadandaza bakunzwe kumurongo nka Aarong, amaduka ya BRAC mumyaka yashize nabo bafashe ibikorwa byabo kumurongo byemerera abakiriya kubigura babinyujije kurubuga cyangwa porogaramu zigendanwa. .Abandi benshi nabo bagaragaye byihuse bongera umusanzu wabo muguhindura kugura kumurongo kumupaka wiki gihugu. Ni ngombwa ko abaguzi basuzuma ibintu nkigiciro, ubuziranenge, hamwe nisuzuma ryabakiriya mugihe bahisemo urubuga rwo kwizera mbere yo kugura.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Muri Bangaladeshi, hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane abantu bakoresha mu guhuza abandi no gusangira amakuru. Hano hari zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane mu gihugu hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni urubuga nkoranyambaga ruzwi cyane muri Bangladesh. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti nimiryango, guhuza amatsinda, gusangira amafoto na videwo, no kuvugana binyuze mubutumwa. 2. YouTube (www. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urundi rubuga rukunzwe cyane muri Bangladesh aho abakoresha bashobora gusangira amafoto na videwo ngufi. Itanga kandi ibintu nkinkuru, gutambuka neza, guhitamo ubutumwa, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwo kuvumbura ibintu bishya. 4. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter yamenyekanye cyane mubice byinshi byabaturage muri Bangladesh kuko itanga urubuga rwo gusangira ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet. Abakoresha barashobora gukurikira konti zabandi kugirango bakomeze amakuru agezweho cyangwa bagaragaze ibitekerezo byabo mumipaka 280. 5. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byo guhuza umwuga muri Bangladesh. Iyemerera abantu kubaka imiyoboro yumwuga kumurongo mugukora imyirondoro yerekana ubuhanga bwabo, uburambe, namateka yakazi. 6 7. TikTok: TikTok iherutse kwamamara cyane mubakoresha bato muri Bangladesh kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora amashusho magufi. 8 WhatsApp: Nubwo muburyo bwa tekiniki nka porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa aho kuba imbuga nkoranyambaga gakondo; icyakora birakwiye kuvuga WhatsApp kubera kuyikoresha cyane mumyaka yose kugirango itumanaho harimo gusangira ubutumwa bwanditse kimwe na dosiye ya multimediya. Izi porogaramu zagize ingaruka zikomeye kuburyo abantu bo muri Bangladesh bashyikirana, bagabana, kandi bagahuza nabandi. Nubwo ibyamamare byuru rubuga bishobora guhinduka mugihe, kuri ubu, bigira uruhare runini mugushinga imikoranire yabaturage ndetse nimiryango ikorera kumurongo mugihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Muri Bangladesh, hari amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye zubukungu. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mugutezimbere no kurengera inyungu zinganda zabo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Bangladesh hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora imyenda n’abatumiza muri Bangladesh (BGMEA): Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye inganda nini zohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, ni ukuvuga imyenda yiteguye gukora no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Urubuga: http://www.bgmea.com.bd/ 2. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Bangladesh (FBCCI): FBCCI n’umuryango w’ubucuruzi w’ikirenga muri Bangladesh ugizwe n’ingereko n’amashyirahamwe atandukanye. Urubuga: https://fbcci.org/ 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Dhaka (DCCI): DCCI iteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu mujyi wa Dhaka, ibera urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwaho kugira ngo rusabane na bagenzi babo bo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Urubuga: http://www.dhakachamber.com/ 4. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Chittagong (CCCI): CCCI ihagarariye ubucuruzi bukorera muri Chittagong, akaba ari hamwe mu masoko akomeye y’inganda muri Bangladesh. Urubuga: https://www.cccibd.org/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za elegitoronike Muri Bangladesh (AEIB): AEIB ni ishyirahamwe rigizwe n’amasosiyete akora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ateza imbere iterambere n’iterambere muri uru rwego. Urubuga: http://aeibangladesh.org/ 6. Uruhu rw & rsquo; inkweto n’abashoramari bo muri Bangladesh (LFMEAB): LFMEAB ikora mu guteza imbere, guteza imbere, kurinda, no gushimangira inganda z’uruhu muri Bangladesh. Urubuga: https://lfmeab.org/ 7 Nta rubuga rwihariye rwabonetse Izi ni ingero nke gusa mumashyirahamwe menshi yinganda zikorera mumirenge itandukanye nka farumasi, ububumbyi, IT, n imyenda. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi, guharanira impinduka za politiki, gutegura ibirori n’imurikagurisha, gutanga amahugurwa n’amahirwe y’iterambere, no guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’ubucuruzi muri Bangladesh.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Bangladesh, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika y’abaturage ya Bangladesh, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Ifite ubukungu bwiyongera kandi izwiho inganda zimyenda, ibikomoka ku buhinzi, no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Dore zimwe mu mbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi bya Bangladesh: 1. Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, amabwiriza, n’amahirwe yo gushora imari muri Bangladesh. Abashyitsi barashobora kubona amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi, amakuru yohereza-ibicuruzwa hanze, amasezerano yubucuruzi, nibindi bikoresho. Urubuga: https://www.mincom.gov.bd/ 2. Biro ishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (EPB): EPB ishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva muri Bangladesh ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru kubyerekeranye n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Bangladesh hamwe n’ibisobanuro birambuye kuri gahunda zitandukanye zo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikorwa na guverinoma. Urubuga: http://www.epb.gov.bd/ 3. Inama y’ishoramari (BOI): BOI nicyo kigo cyambere giteza imbere ishoramari muri Bangladesh. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye amahirwe yo gushora imari mubice bitandukanye byigihugu. Abashyitsi barashobora gushakisha amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye abashoramari b’amahanga n’amabwiriza yo gushinga imishinga. Urubuga: https://boi.gov.bd/ 4. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Dhaka (DCCI): DCCI ihagarariye ubucuruzi bukorera mu mujyi wa Dhaka, umurwa mukuru wa Bangladesh. Urubuga rwicyumba rutanga ibikoresho byingirakamaro birimo ububiko bwubucuruzi, ikirangaminsi cyibyabaye, raporo zubutasi bwisoko, na serivisi zitandukanye zihabwa abanyamuryango. Urubuga: https://www.dhakachamber.com/ 5. Ihuriro ry’inganda n’ubucuruzi by’inganda (FBCCI): FBCCI nimwe mu byumba binini by’ubucuruzi muri Bangladesh bihagarariye ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye mu gihugu. Urubuga rwabo rwemewe rukubiyemo amakuru yihariye yumurenge hamwe nibisobanuro bijyanye nibikorwa byubucuruzi byateguwe na FBCCI. Urubuga: https://fbcci.org/ 6

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho imbuga nyinshi zitanga amakuru yubucuruzi muri Bangladesh. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Biro ishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Bangaladeshi: Urubuga rwemewe rutanga amakuru ku mibare yoherezwa mu mahanga, kubona isoko, politiki y’ubucuruzi, n’amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi. Urashobora kubona ibisobanuro birambuye kuri https://www.epbbd.com/ 2. Banki ya Bangladesh: Banki nkuru ya Bangladesh iratangaza ibipimo bitandukanye byubukungu harimo amakuru yubucuruzi nka raporo zohereza no gutumiza mu mahanga. Urashobora kubona amakuru kuri https://www.bb.org.bd/ 3. Ishami rya gasutamo n’imisoro n’amahoro, Bangaladeshi: Itanga amakuru ku misoro ya gasutamo n’amahoro akoreshwa ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu gihugu. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri http://customs.gov.bd/ 4. Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi (WTO): WTO itanga imibare rusange yubucuruzi mubihugu bitandukanye harimo na Bangladesh. Sura urubuga rwabo hanyuma ujye ku gice cya "Ibarurishamibare" kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye kuri https://www.wto.org/ 5. Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi: Uru rubuga rutanga ibipimo byubukungu byuzuye birimo amakuru arambuye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bihugu bitandukanye ku isi harimo na Bangladesh. Reba kurubuga rwabo kuri https://tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exports Izi mbuga zigomba kuguha isoko yizewe yamakuru yubucuruzi ajyanye no gutumiza muri Bangladesh no kohereza hanze hamwe nandi makuru afatika nkibiciro by’ibiciro hamwe n’isoko.

B2b

Bangladesh, igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yepfo, cyagaragaye nkumukinnyi ukomeye ku isoko rya B2B (ubucuruzi-ku-bucuruzi). Ihuriro ryinshi rya B2B ryateguwe kugirango ryorohereze ubucuruzi no guhuza ubucuruzi buva mu nganda zitandukanye. Hano hari amwe mumahuriro akomeye ya B2B muri Bangladesh hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Ubucuruzi bwa Bangla (https://www.tradebangla.com.bd): Ubucuruzi Bangla ni imwe mu mbuga za B2B ziza muri Bangladesh, zitanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi byuzuye mu nzego nyinshi. Ifite intego yo guca icyuho hagati yabaguzi n’abagurisha binyuze mumikoreshereze yabakoresha. 2. Ububiko bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Bangladesh (https://www.exportersdirectorybangladesh.com): Uru rubuga rutanga igitabo cy’ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bangladesh mu nganda zitandukanye nk'imyenda, imyenda, ibicuruzwa bya jute, imiti, n'ibindi. Iyemerera abaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza byimazeyo nabatumiza ibicuruzwa mubufatanye. 3. BizBangladesh (https://www.bizbangladesh.com): BizBangladesh ni isoko ryamamaye kumurongo ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi biva mubice bitandukanye nkimyenda & imyambarire, ubuhinzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, nibindi. kwerekana amaturo yabo kwisi yose. 4. Urugereko rwa Dhaka E-Ubucuruzi Serivisi (http://dcesdl.com): DCC E-Commerce Services Limited ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwashyizweho n’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Dhaka rugamije cyane cyane ibikorwa bya B2B mu bucuruzi bw’ibanze muri Bangladesh. 5 byorohereza amasoko yoroshye kubucuruzi bushakisha ibicuruzwa byihariye. Izi ni zimwe mu ngero za B2B izwi cyane ikorera mu bucuruzi bwa Bangladesh; hashobora kubaho izindi nyinshi zitanga inganda zihariye cyangwa niches. Twabibutsa ko izi mbuga zikora nk'abahuza guhuza ubucuruzi no gutanga urubuga rwubucuruzi; abakoresha basabwa gukoresha umwete mugihe bakora ibikorwa byubucuruzi.