TogTok

Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Mongoliya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Mongoliya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. Irahana imbibi n'Uburusiya mu majyaruguru n'Ubushinwa mu majyepfo, iburasirazuba, n'iburengerazuba. Hatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 3, ni kimwe mu bihugu bituwe cyane ku isi. Mongoliya ifite umurage gakondo w'amateka kuko yahoze ari ihuriro ry'ingoma ya Mongoliya yakwirakwiriye muri Aziya no mu Burayi mu kinyejana cya 13 na 14. Muri iki gihe, Mongoliya iracyafite umubano ukomeye w’umuco na kahise kayo. Umurwa mukuru wa Mongoliya ni Ulaanbaatar, nawo uba umujyi munini. Ikora nk'ihuriro ry'umuco n'ubukungu by'igihugu. Nubwo imigenzo gakondo yinzererezi ikiriho mucyaro, Ulaanbaatar iragaragaza ibigezweho hamwe nuburebure bwikirere buvanze na yurts (amazu gakondo yimukanwa). Imiterere ya Mongoliya itanga ubwiza buhebuje hamwe n’ibibaya binini, imisozi miremire nka Altai na Khangai yerekana ibyiza nyaburanga. Byongeye kandi, ifite ahantu nyaburanga nk'ikiyaga cya Khövsgöl (kizwi kandi ku izina rya "Isaro ry'ubururu") - kimwe mu biyaga binini byo mu mazi meza yo muri Aziya - n'Ubutayu bwa Gobi - kimwe mu bidukikije bidasanzwe byo mu butayu. Ubukungu bushingiye ahanini ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro nk'amakara, umuringa, zahabu, uraniyumu hamwe n'ubusanzwe bwo kuragira nk'ubworozi bw'amatungo kugira ngo butange ubwoya bwa cashmere. Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bugira uruhare runini n’abashyitsi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no kwizihiza iminsi mikuru y’umuco nka Naadam cyangwa gukora ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa zitangaje zo muri pariki ya Hustai. Umuco wa Mongoliya ugaragaza ko wubaha cyane imigenzo kandi ushimangira kwakira abashyitsi bitwa "Aaruul" cyangwa "Hadag" bakunze gutanga berekana ko bashimira umuco wo kwakira abashyitsi muri sosiyete yabo. Ku bijyanye n’imiyoborere y’imiyoborere amashyaka ya politiki ahagarariye inyungu zinyuranye muri gahunda y’inteko ishinga amategeko yashizweho n’icyitegererezo cya demokarasi ishingiye ku nteko ishinga amategeko kuva impinduramatwara ya demokarasi yabaye mu ntangiriro ya za 90 ubwo yavaga mu bihugu by’abasosiyalisiti ikajya muri demokarasi igamije gushimangira uburenganzira bwa muntu, guteza imbere ubwisanzure, no kuzamura imibereho myiza. Mu gusoza, Mongoliya ni igihugu gishimishije kizwiho umurage wimuka, ibyiza nyaburanga, n'umuco udasanzwe. Nubwo ari igihugu gito, cyasize amateka atazibagirana mu mateka kandi gikomeje gutanga uburambe butandukanye ku baturage ndetse n'abashyitsi mpuzamahanga.

Mongoliya, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba, gikoresha Tögrög ya Mongoliya nk'ifaranga ryemewe. Ikimenyetso cy'ifaranga ni ₮ kandi gisanzwe muri make nka MNT. Mongoliya Tögrög yatangijwe mu 1925, isimbuza ifaranga ryabanje ryitwa amadorari ya Mongoliya. Politiki y’ifaranga ya Mongoliya icungwa na Banki ya Mongoliya, ishinzwe kubungabunga ibiciro no kuzamura ubukungu. Nka banki nkuru yigenga, ishyiraho kandi igashyira mu bikorwa politiki yo kugenzura itangwa ry’amafaranga no gucunga ububiko bw’ivunjisha. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha kiriho muri Mongoliya Tögrög kiratandukanye n’ifaranga mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga nkamadorari y’Amerika cyangwa ama Euro. Kimwe nandi mafranga menshi, agaciro kayo karashobora guhinduka bitewe nibintu bitandukanye birimo impinduka zubukungu bwisi yose, politiki yubucuruzi, igipimo cy’ifaranga ry’imbere mu gihugu, hamwe n’imyumvire y'abashoramari ku masoko azamuka. Kubyerekeranye n'amadini, inoti ziraboneka mubiciro bitandukanye kuva kuri 1 ₮ kugeza 20.000 ₮. Buri nyandiko igaragaramo imibare yingenzi kuva mumateka ya Mongoliya cyangwa ibimenyetso byumuco byerekana umurage wa Mongoliya. Kugirango ubone Mongoliya Tögrög mugihe usuye cyangwa utuye muri Mongoliya, umuntu arashobora gukoresha amabanki yaho cyangwa ibiro byemewe byo kuvunja amafaranga biboneka mumijyi minini. ATM iraboneka henshi mumijyi aho kubikuza amafaranga ukoresheje amakarita yo kubikuza cyangwa amakarita yinguzanyo bishoboka. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo amahoteri amwe n’ibigo binini bishobora kwakira amafaranga mpuzamahanga nkamadorari y’Amerika cyangwa amayero mu rwego rwo kwishyura (cyane cyane mu turere dukerarugendo), ni byiza ko habaho ifaranga ry’ibanze ku bicuruzwa byinshi mu gihugu. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa n’ifaranga rya Mongoliya bizagufasha mugihe ugenda cyangwa ukora ibikorwa byubukungu muri iki gihugu cyihariye cya Aziya.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Mongoliya ni Tongrik ya Mongoliya (MNT). Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’amafaranga akomeye kuri Mongoliya Tugrik kirashobora gutandukana kandi birashobora guhinduka. Kuva mu Kwakira 2021, hafi: - 1 US $ (USD) ahwanye na Tugriks ya Mongoliya 2.835. - 1 Euro (EUR) ihwanye na Tugriks ya Mongoliya 3.324. - 1 Pound yo mu Bwongereza (GBP) ihwanye na Tugriks ya Mongoliya 3.884. Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora guhinduka bitewe nuburyo isoko ryifashe. Kubiciro byukuri kandi bigezweho, birasabwa kohereza isoko yimari izwi cyangwa kugisha inama banki cyangwa serivisi yo kuvunja amafaranga.

Mongoliya ni igihugu gikungahaye ku muco gakondo no kwizihiza. Dore iminsi mikuru y'ingenzi ibera muri Mongoliya: 1. Iserukiramuco rya Naadam: Naadam ni umunsi mukuru ukomeye kandi ukomeye muri Mongoliya, bakunze kwita iserukiramuco rya "Three Manly Games". Biba buri mwaka kuva 11-13 Nyakanga kandi bizihiza imikino itatu ya Manly yo kurwana, gusiganwa ku mafarasi, no kurasa. Abantu baturutse impande zose z'igihugu bateranira kwitabira cyangwa kureba aya marushanwa ya siporo gakondo. 2. Tsagaan Sar (Ukwezi kwera): Tsagaan Sar ni umunsi mushya w'ukwezi kwa Mongoliya, wabaye hagati ya Mutarama na Gashyantare. Kumara iminsi itatu kandi ni igihe cyimiryango yo guhurira hamwe, guhana impano, gusura bene wabo, kurya ibiryo gakondo nka buuz (imyanda ihumeka), gukina imikino, no gusangira imihango ya kera nka Shagai - kurasa amaguru. 3. Iserukiramuco rya Eagle: Uyu munsi mukuru udasanzwe ubera mu burengerazuba bwa Mongoliya hagati ya Nzeri na Ukwakira ubwo abahigi ba kagoma berekana ubuhanga bwabo budasanzwe bwo guhiga hamwe na kagoma yabo yatojwe. Ibirori birimo amarushanwa nkaya marushanwa yo guhamagara kagoma, kwerekana Falconry, ibitaramo bya muzika gakondo biherekejwe no kwerekana amafarashi. 4.Igitekerezo cya Tsagaan (Ibiryo byera): Bizihizwa mu gihe cy'itumba ku ya 22 Ukuboza ukurikije gahunda y'ukwezi kwa Mongoliya; uyumunsi utanga ibiryo byera cyangwa ibikomoka kumata bikozwe rwose nabagore kuva cream; byizerwa ko iki gikorwa gishobora kuzana amahirwe yumwaka utaha, hamwe nimiryango myinshi yakira ibirori birimo ibiryo nkibikomoka ku mata (foromaje) bisanzwe bikozwe mu ngamiya cyangwa amata yinka. Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo yemerera abantu kubahiriza umurage wabo ukungahaye gusa ahubwo inakurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse hirya no hino ku isi bifuza kwibonera umuco ukomeye wa Mongoliya.

Mongoliya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba, gihana imbibi n'Uburusiya mu majyaruguru n'Ubushinwa mu majyepfo. N’ubwo imbogamizi zishingiye ku turere, Mongoliya ifite urwego rw’ubucuruzi rutera imbere rugira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu. Mongoliya yohereza cyane cyane ibicuruzwa nk'amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane amakara n'umuringa. Amikoro afite igice kinini cyamafaranga yinjira muri Mongoliya. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri iki gihugu bugira ahantu heza h’amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro aturutse ku isi. Mu myaka yashize, Mongoliya yagiye itandukanya cyane ibyoherezwa mu mahanga iteza imbere izindi nganda nk'ubuhinzi, imyenda, n'ibicuruzwa bya cashmere. Guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa politiki zitandukanye zo gushyigikira izo nzego no gushishikariza ishoramari ry’amahanga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inganda zagize iterambere ryinshi kandi zigira uruhare mu kwagura ubucuruzi bwa Mongoliya. Ubushinwa n’umufatanyabikorwa munini w’ubucuruzi muri Mongoliya kubera ko yegeranye n’ubufatanye bukomeye mu bukungu. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Mongoliya bishingiye cyane ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, aho amabuye y'agaciro agize uruhare runini muri ubwo bucuruzi. Uburusiya nundi mufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi winjiza cyane cyane ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi bya Mongoliya nkinyama ningano. Mongoliya kandi yishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n'ibindi bihugu ku isi birimo Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Ubudage, na Ositaraliya. Ibi bihugu bitumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye muri Mongoliya cyangwa bigakora imishinga ikorana mu nzego nko guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo cyangwa ingufu zishobora kubaho. Nubwo habaye ihindagurika bitewe n’imiterere y’isoko ku isi ndetse n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Mongoliya bwerekanye imbaraga mu gihe runaka. Hashyizweho ingufu na guverinoma ya Mongoliya mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza ubufatanye mu bucuruzi binyuze mu gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza bikurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Muri rusange ， nubwo idafunze ， Mongoliya ifite urwego rw’ubucuruzi rukora cyane cyane rutumizwa mu mahanga n’amabuye y'agaciro hamwe n’ingamba zo gutandukana mu zindi nganda nk’ubuhinzi. mongoliya kuboneka kumasoko mpuzamahanga

Mongoliya, iherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Igihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere, harimo amabuye y'agaciro nk'amakara, umuringa, zahabu, na uranium. Ibyo bikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa mubyoherezwa mu mahanga no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bigira uruhare mu bucuruzi bwa Mongoliya ni ahantu hafatika ingamba z’ubukungu bubiri: Ubushinwa n’Uburusiya. Ibihugu byombi ni byinshi bitumiza mu mahanga ibikoresho fatizo, bitanga amahirwe akomeye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Mongoliya. Byongeye kandi, Mongoliya kugera kuri gari ya moshi ya Trans-Mongoliya no guhuza umuhanda n'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya byongera ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu mu bucuruzi. Urwego rw'ubuhinzi na rwo rufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Mongoliya. Hamwe n’ibyatsi binini bibereye ubworozi n’ubworozi bushinze imizi mu muco wabo, Mongoliya irashobora gutanga umusaruro w’inyama nziza cyane nkinka n’intama hagamijwe kohereza hanze. Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma ya Mongoliya yafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu gihe itandukanya isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y’umutungo kamere. Bashyize mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’amategeko ryorohereza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi koroshya inzira za gasutamo no guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’ubwenge. Byongeye kandi, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo rwerekanye imbaraga nyinshi zo gukura bitewe n’imiterere yihariye ya Mongoliya ikubiyemo ubutayu, imisozi (nk’ubutayu buzwi cyane bwa Gobi), parike y’igihugu irimo amoko y’ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika nk'ingwe cyangwa ifarashi yo mu gasozi (izwi ku izina rya Przewalski). Ibi bifungura amahirwe yo guteza imbere ibidukikije hamwe na serivisi zijyanye no gusura abashyitsi mpuzamahanga. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibibazo bihari bishobora kubangamira kumenya neza ubucuruzi bwa Mongoliya. Iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo ridahagije mu turere tumwe na tumwe ritera inzitizi zo gutwara neza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, ihungabana rya politiki cyangwa ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa ku isi birashobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri rusange, hamwe n’umutungo kamere wacyo uhujwe n’ahantu heza hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburusiya hamwe n’ingufu guverinoma yashyizeho mu gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubukerarugendo - Mongoliya ifite ubucuruzi bukomeye. Mu gukemura ibibazo biriho no gukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yorohereza ubucuruzi, Mongoliya irashobora kurushaho guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga no kuzamura ubukungu bwayo.

Kugirango hamenyekane ibicuruzwa bizwi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Mongoliya, ni ngombwa gusuzuma umuco w’igihugu, ikirere cy’ubukungu, n’ibikenerwa n’abaguzi. Hano hari intambwe ushobora gukurikiza kugirango uhitemo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa: 1. Ubushakashatsi ku Isoko ryamasoko: Tangira wunguka ubumenyi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Mongoliya ndetse n’ibigezweho. Shakisha raporo kubintu bigurishwa cyane bikenewe cyane cyangwa biboneye inzira yo gukura. 2. Gusesengura Umuco waho: Sobanukirwa nibyifuzo byumuco byabaguzi ba Mongoliya nuburyo bwabo bwo kugura. Reba ibintu nkimigenzo gakondo, ibyifuzo byubuzima, hamwe nibihe bitandukanye bishobora guhindura ibicuruzwa. 3. Suzuma ibidukikije byubukungu: Suzuma uko ubukungu bwa Mongoliya bwifashe, harimo umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa GDP, igipimo cy’ifaranga, amabwiriza yo gutumiza mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, n’ibindi bintu byose bifitanye isano n’ingufu zikoreshwa n’umuguzi cyangwa politiki y’ubucuruzi. 4. Menya Isoko rya Niche: Shakisha amahirwe mumasoko yihariye aho ibisabwa ari byinshi ariko itangwa rishobora kuba rito. Ibi bishobora kubamo imirenge nk'amabuye y'agaciro / ibikoresho byo gukuramo umutungo cyangwa ibisubizo by'ikoranabuhanga bigenewe ubuhinzi cyangwa inganda zishobora kongera ingufu. 5. Wibande ku bicuruzwa birambye: Urebye ubwitange bwa Mongoliya mu iterambere rirambye ndetse n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, shakisha ibicuruzwa bihuza n’imyitwarire nk’ibiribwa kama cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryangiza ibidukikije. 6. Reba amanota y'ibiciro: Menya neza ibiciro ku isoko rya Mongoliya usesenguye urwego rwinjiza n'amafaranga akoreshwa mu rugo; hitamo ibicuruzwa bihuye nibiciro bitandukanye mugihe ugumana ubuziranenge. 7. Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa / Abatanga isoko: Korana nabatanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa abatanga isoko bafite ubumenyi mumasoko ya Mongoliya; ubumenyi bwabo burashobora kugufasha kuyobora ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe neza ukurikije uburambe bwashize. 8. Gukora Ubushakashatsi ku Isoko / Inyigisho zishoboka: Shyira imbere gukora ubushakashatsi hagati yabaguzi kugirango bemeze ibitekerezo byibicuruzwa mbere yo kubashora cyane; ubushakashatsi bushoboka buzatanga ubumenyi bwingenzi kubyo umukiriya akeneye / ashaka mbere yo kwinjira mubikorwa binini / byo gukwirakwiza. 9. Gukurikirana Amarushanwa: Kurikirana neza ibikorwa bya banywanyi bawe; reba ibyiciro byibicuruzwa byatsinze kandi ushake uburyo bwo gutandukanya cyangwa guhanga udushya twawe. 10. Hindura kandi uhindure: Komeza ukurikirane impinduka zamasoko, ibyo ukunda, kandi uhindure ibicuruzwa byawe ukurikije. Komeza kugezwaho ibyifuzo by’abaguzi kugirango habeho gutsinda ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Mongoliya. Ukurikije izi ntambwe, urashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa kumasoko yubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Mongoliya, bikongerera amahirwe yo kugera ku ntsinzi.

Mongoliya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba, kizwiho umurage gakondo n'umuco gakondo. Iyo ukorana nabakiriya ba Mongoliya, ni ngombwa kumva ibiranga abakiriya babo na kirazira. 1. Ibiranga abakiriya: Abakiriya ba Mongoliya muri rusange baha agaciro umubano bwite no kwizerana mubucuruzi. Kubaka ubwumvikane nabo ni ngombwa kugirango umuntu atsinde igihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, bashima kubahiriza igihe kandi bategereje ibisubizo byihuse kubibazo cyangwa ibyifuzo. 2. Kurya Ibiryo: Iyo usangira nabakiriya ba Mongoliya, ni ngombwa kumenya imico mike. Ubwa mbere, tegereza umuntu ukuze kumeza gutangira kurya mbere yo gukora. Erekana icyubahiro udatangiye kugeza batangiye. Kandi, irinde gukora ku biryo ukoresheje ukuboko kwawe kwi bumoso kuko bifatwa nkaho bihumanye mu muco wa Mongoliya. 3. Gutanga impano: Gutanga impano birasanzwe muri Mongoliya muburyo bwo kwerekana ko ushima cyangwa kubaka umubano. Ariko, hariho ibitekerezo bimwe mugihe uhitamo impano kubakiriya ba Mongoliya: Irinde gutanga ibintu bikarishye kuko bishushanya guca umubano cyangwa umubano; irinde gutanga inzoga keretse niba uzi neza ko uyahawe anywa; burigihe ukoreshe amaboko yombi mugihe utanga cyangwa wakiriye impano. 4.Itumanaho ryubucuruzi: Kubijyanye nuburyo bwitumanaho mugihe cyimikoranire yubucuruzi, Abanyamongoliya bakunda kuvuga mu buryo butaziguye kandi bafite ikinyabupfura. Gerageza kwiyubaha wirinda guhagarika cyangwa kwiyemeza cyane mugihe cyibiganiro. Wihangane mugihe uganira kumasezerano kuva inzira yo gufata ibyemezo irashobora gufata igihe kirekire kubera ubwumvikane buke. imyitozo. 5.Imigenzo gakondo: Ni ngombwa kubaha umurage wimuka wa Mongoliya. Kugira ngo wirinde kubabaza abakiriya bawe bo muri Mongoliya: ntuzigere ukandagira ku mbago - aha ni ahantu hera; wirinde kwereka abantu urutoki rumwe - ahubwo ukoreshe ibimenyetso bifunguye; niba usuye ger (inzu gakondo) , saba uruhushya mbere yo kwinjira kandi uzirikane ko abagore bicaye kuruhande rwibumoso mugihe abagabo bicaye kuruhande rwiburyo imbere; indamutso yoroshye "muraho" irashobora gutangwa mukuzamura ukuboko kwawe kwi buryo, intoki zikinguye, ukavuga ngo "Sain baina uu. " Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira muri Mongoliya ni ngombwa kugirango ubucuruzi bugerweho neza. Kubaka ikizere, kwishora mu itumanaho rifite ikinyabupfura, kubahiriza imigenzo nk'imyitwarire y'ibiryo no gutanga impano bizafasha guteza imbere umubano ukomeye n'abakiriya ba Mongoliya.

Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo ya Mongoliya no kwirinda ni ngombwa kubyumva kubantu bose bateganya gusura cyangwa gukora ubucuruzi muri Mongoliya. Gasutamo muri Mongoliya ishinzwe kugenzura no kugenzura ibicuruzwa byinjira kandi biva mu gihugu. Bashyira mu bikorwa amategeko n'amabwiriza atandukanye agamije kubungabunga umutekano, kurengera inyungu z’igihugu, gukumira magendu, no guteza imbere ubucuruzi buboneye. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize imicungire ya gasutamo ya Mongoliya ni uburyo bwo gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga. Abashyitsi cyangwa ubucuruzi bagomba gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose bazanye cyangwa bakuye muri Mongoliya babinyujije mu ifishi imenyekanisha rya gasutamo. Ni ngombwa kuzuza neza iyi fomu, itanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa bitwarwa. Ibibujijwe hamwe nibibujijwe bikurikizwa kubintu byihariye mugihe cyo kubitumiza cyangwa kubyohereza hanze. Nibyiza kugisha inama gasutamo ya Mongoliya mbere kugirango harebwe amabwiriza yose. Urugero rwibintu bibujijwe birimo ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro / imbunda, ifaranga ryiganano, amoko yangiritse (inyamaswa nzima nibice byayo), ubwoko bwibimera / imbuto, nibindi. Igenamigambi rikorwa na gasutamo rifite uruhare runini mu kugena imisoro / imisoro ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Agaciro gatangira gashingiye ku gaciro k'igicuruzwa - igiciro nyacyo cyishyuwe ku bicuruzwa - urebye ibyahinduwe nk'amafaranga yo gutwara abantu, amafaranga y'ubwishingizi niba ahari. Iyo banyuze kumupaka wa Mongoliya, abashyitsi bagomba kumenya ko ibintu byabo bishobora kugenzurwa nabashinzwe za gasutamo bahageze / bahagurutse. Amafaranga atangirwa umusoro yemerera abantu umubare runaka / igipimo cyagaciro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga / byoherezwa mu mahanga; kurenza iyi mipaka bivamo imisoro yinyongera / imisoro yakwa kubintu birenze. Ntabwo ari byiza gukurikiza amabwiriza yose yashyizwe ahagaragara ahubwo nanone witondere mugihe utwara ibintu byagaciro nka mudasobwa zigendanwa / kamera / imitako mugihe cyurugendo mpuzamahanga kuko hashobora gukenerwa izindi nyandiko mugihe cyo kugenzura gasutamo. Mongoliya ifatana uburemere inshingano zayo mu kubungabunga umutekano w’ibinyabuzima bitewe ahanini n’ibiranga ibidukikije bidasanzwe - cyane cyane ubworozi bw’amatungo bugarijwe cyane - bikagaragaza ko bishobora guteza indwara z’inyamaswa zambuka imipaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu yonyine abashyitsi bagomba kwitondera kutazana ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku nyamaswa nta byangombwa biboneye. Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa na gahunda yo gucunga gasutamo ya Mongoliya no gukurikiza ingamba zikenewe ni ngombwa kugira ngo uruzinduko rwiza cyangwa ubucuruzi bigerweho mu gihugu. Kugisha inama na gasutamo ya Mongoliya mbere, kuzuza neza impapuro zimenyekanisha za gasutamo, kubahiriza ibibujijwe, no gukomeza kumenyeshwa ibijyanye n'amafaranga atishyurwa ni ibintu by'ingenzi byerekana ko uburambe butagira ikibazo na gasutamo ya Mongoliya.

Mongoliya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba, gihana imbibi n'Uburusiya n'Ubushinwa. Ku bijyanye na politiki y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, Mongoliya yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda y’imisoro ihuriweho na gasutamo ishingiye kuri Harmonized System (HS) kuva mu 1992. Ihame rusange ry’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga muri Mongoliya ni ukorohereza ubucuruzi no guharanira irushanwa ryiza mu gihe ririnda inganda zo mu gihugu. Igipimo gisanzwe cy’amahoro yatumijwe muri Mongoliya ni 5%, akoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byinshi byinjira mu gihugu. Nyamara, ibintu bimwe nkibikomoka ku buhinzi, ibikoresho fatizo byo kubyaza umusaruro, n’imiti bigabanywa igipimo cyagabanutse cyangwa gisonewe imisoro ku bicuruzwa burundu. Usibye amahoro rusange yatumijwe mu mahanga, Mongoliya inashyiraho imisoro yihariye ku byiciro bimwe na bimwe. Harimo umusoro ku musoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by'akataraboneka nk'imodoka n'ibinyobwa bisindisha ku gipimo kiri hagati ya 10% na 40%, bitewe n'ikintu runaka. Byongeye kandi, ibitumizwa mu mahanga birashobora gutangirwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 10%. Ariko, hariho gusonerwa ibintu byingenzi nkibiryo byibiribwa nibikoresho byubuvuzi bitagabanywa TVA. Twabibutsa ko ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga nabyo bisaba ibyemezo cyangwa impushya zimwe mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko rya Mongoliya. Ibi bigamije kwemeza kubahiriza amahame y’umutekano no kurengera uburenganzira bw’umuguzi. Muri rusange, politiki y’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga muri Mongoliya igamije kuringaniza korohereza ubucuruzi n’ingamba zo gukumira inganda zo mu gihugu. Guverinoma ishishikariza ubucuruzi bw’amahanga guteza imbere imisoro iri hasi y’ibintu byingenzi mu gihe irinda inganda zaho binyuze mu misoro ihanitse ku bicuruzwa byiza.

Mongoliya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati, kizwiho ubuso bunini n'umutungo kamere. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga igenga ubucuruzi bwayo no kuzamura ubukungu. Kimwe mu bicuruzwa byingenzi byoherezwa muri Mongoliya ni amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane amakara, umuringa, zahabu, na uranium. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umusaruro waho no kwemeza imikoreshereze y’amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo burambye, Mongoliya itanga umusoro woherezwa mu mahanga kuri ibyo bicuruzwa. Igipimo cyimisoro kiratandukanye bitewe namabuye yihariye yakuwe kandi arashobora kuva kuri 5% kugeza 30% byagaciro kose. Usibye amabuye y'agaciro, Mongoliya kandi yohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi nk'inyama (cyane cyane inyama z'inka n'intama), ingano, sayiri, ibikomoka ku mata, na cashmere. Nyamara, nta misoro yihariye yashyizweho kuri ibyo bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ishishikarize kuzamuka kwabo ku masoko yo hanze. Byongeye kandi, Mongoliya yibanze ku guteza imbere ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nk’izuba n’ingufu z’umuyaga. Mu rwego rwo gushyira ingufu mu guteza imbere ibikorwa by’imbere mu gihugu mu gihe hubahirizwa icyifuzo mpuzamahanga gisaba ibisubizo by’ingufu zisukuye, guverinoma itanga imisoro myiza yo kohereza mu mahanga ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Byongeye kandi, Mongoliya izwiho ubukorikori bwerekana ubuhanga gakondo bwa gakondo bwagiye buhinduka uko ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana. Guverinoma ishishikariza abanyabukorikori kudashyiraho imisoro cyangwa imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga; iyi politiki igamije kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco mu gihe winjiza ibikorwa bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Mongoliya ishobora guhinduka uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana bitewe n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyangwa ubucuruzi bw’isi yose. Birasabwa rero ko abashobora kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyangwa ababishaka bahora bakurikirana amasoko yemewe nkurubuga rwa leta cyangwa bakagisha inama inzego zibishinzwe mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa byubucuruzi bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Mongoliya.

Mongoliya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Mongoliya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. Azwiho ubuzima bwimuka, ibyatsi binini, numuco ukize. Mu myaka yashize, Mongoliya yagiye ikora cyane mu kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga ku bicuruzwa byayo. Kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge n’ukuri kohereza ibicuruzwa biva muri Mongoliya, guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Izi mpamyabumenyi zigamije gukomeza ibicuruzwa no kubaka ikizere hamwe n’abaguzi b’amahanga. Reka turebe bimwe mubyangombwa byingenzi byoherezwa mu mahanga bisabwa muri Mongoliya: 1. Icyemezo cy'inkomoko: Iyi nyandiko igenzura ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Mongoliya byakozwe cyangwa byatunganijwe mu mbibi zabyo. 2. Icyemezo cya Phytosanitarite: Ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi cyangwa ibihingwa bigenewe koherezwa mu mahanga, iki cyemezo cyemeza ko cyujuje amabwiriza mpuzamahanga ya phytosanitarite yo gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’udukoko cyangwa indwara. 3. Icyemezo cya Halal: Niba kohereza ibicuruzwa bya halale mubihugu byiganjemo abayisilamu, abohereza ibicuruzwa muri Mongoliya bakeneye kubona icyemezo cya Halal cyemeza ko ibyo kurya bya kisilamu byubahirizwa. 4. Icyemezo cya ISO: Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibigo byubahiriza amahame yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga kuri sisitemu yo gucunga neza mubikorwa byayo. 5. Icyemezo cya Veterinari: Ku bicuruzwa bishingiye ku nyamaswa nk'inyama cyangwa amata agenewe gukoreshwa n'abantu mu mahanga, iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibyo bicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw'isuku n'umutekano byashyizweho n'inzego zibishinzwe. 6. Uruhushya rwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro: Urebye ubutunzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwa Mongoliya (harimo amakara n'umuringa), amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro arasaba uruhushya rukwiye mbere yo kohereza mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro mu gihugu. Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa zimpamyabumenyi zisabwa nabatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Mongoliya; hashobora kubaho izindi zinyongera bitewe ninganda zihariye cyangwa amasoko agenewe mumahanga. Kubona ibyemezo byingenzi byoherezwa mu mahanga, ubucuruzi bwa Mongoliya bushobora kongera icyizere ku masoko mpuzamahanga mu gihe bwizeza abakiriya ibijyanye n’ubuziranenge n’ibicuruzwa byabo. Izi ngamba ntizifite uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu gusa ahubwo binorohereza umubano w’ubucuruzi urambye n’ibindi bihugu.

Mongoliya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba no muri Aziya yo hagati. Irahana Uburusiya mu majyaruguru n'Ubushinwa mu majyepfo, iburasirazuba n'iburengerazuba. Bitewe n’imiterere yihariye y’imiterere, ubwikorezi n’ibikoresho bishobora rimwe na rimwe guteza ibibazo muri Mongoliya. Nyamara, hari uburyo bwinshi busabwa kugirango serivisi zinoze neza mu gihugu. Ubwa mbere, kubijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bikunze gukundwa kubera Mongoliya idahagaze. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Chinggis Khaan muri Ulaanbaatar ni ihuriro rikuru ryo gutwara imizigo. Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’indege atanga serivisi zitwara ibicuruzwa muri Mongoliya no kuva, bituma ibicuruzwa byihuta kandi byizewe. Icya kabiri, ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda muri Mongoliya ni ingenzi kubikorwa byo murugo. Mugihe ibikorwa remezo byumuhanda bidashobora gutera imbere ugereranije nibindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe, hariho amasosiyete azwi yamakamyo atanga serivisi zizewe. Izi sosiyete zitanga amakamyo agenzurwa nubushyuhe kubicuruzwa byangirika cyangwa ibinyabiziga byihariye byoherezwa hejuru. Icya gatatu, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bugira uruhare runini mubikoresho bya Mongoliya. Gari ya moshi ya Trans-Mongoliya ihuza Ulaanbaatar n'Uburusiya n'Ubushinwa, itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa ku mipaka. Gari ya moshi zitwara ibintu zifite ibikoresho bikonjesha nazo zituma ubwikorezi bwibintu byangirika hagati y’ibihugu duturanye. Byongeye kandi, urebye imiterere yagutse ya Mongoliya hamwe n’ikirere kibi mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ni ngombwa guhitamo utanga ibikoresho ufite ubumenyi mu gukemura ibyo bibazo neza. Gukorana nabashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa byabimenyereye cyangwa abakora kuri gasutamo birashobora gutuma inzira ya gasutamo igenda neza kumupaka. Twabibutsa ko kubera ko ubukungu bwa Mongoliya bushingiye cyane ku bikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro harimo n'imishinga yo gucukura amakara iri kure y'imijyi cyangwa imigi minini; abatanga serivise yihariye itanga ibisubizo byubwikorezi bwibikoresho byubucukuzi cyangwa ibikoresho bisabwa niyi mishinga. Mu gusoza, mugihe geografiya ya Mongoliya igaragaza ibibazo bya logistique kubera aho idahagaze; ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere binyuze ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Chinggis Khaan bitanga imiyoboro myiza n’amasoko yisi yose mugihe ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda butanga imiyoboro yimbere mu gihugu. Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bugira uruhare runini mu guhuza Mongoliya n’ibihugu bituranye, kandi gukorana n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho birasabwa kugira ngo gasutamo ikorwe neza.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Mongoliya, iri hagati y’Uburusiya n’Ubushinwa, izwiho umutungo kamere nk’amakara, umuringa, na zahabu. Kubera ko ubukungu bwiyongera cyane kandi bukiyongera ku isi, Mongoliya yakuruye abaguzi benshi n’abashoramari mpuzamahanga. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzaganira ku miyoboro mpuzamahanga n’amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Mongoliya. 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi: - Imurikagurisha ngarukamwaka mpuzamahanga rya Ulaanbaatar: Iri murika ryibanze ku kurengera uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite mu bwenge no guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga. Ikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe nishoramari ryibanda ku ikoranabuhanga. - Imurikagurisha ryiza rya Mongoliya: Iri murika ryerekana ubukorikori gakondo bwa Mongoliya nko gukora imitako, kudoda, n'imyenda. Ni urubuga rwiza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka isoko ryibicuruzwa bidasanzwe. - Imurikagurisha ry’amabuye y'agaciro ya Mongoliya: Nka rimwe mu murikagurisha rinini mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Aziya, ibi birori bihuza amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro yo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga kugira ngo yerekane ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi ashakishe amahirwe y’ubucuruzi. - Imurikagurisha ryibiribwa bya Ulaanbaatar: Iri murika ngarukamwaka ririmo ibicuruzwa byibiribwa biva mu bicuruzwa byaho ndetse n’ibirango mpuzamahanga. Ni urubuga rwiza kubaguzi kwisi bashishikajwe no kubona ibicuruzwa byiza byo muri Mongoliya. 2. Ihuriro rya e-ubucuruzi: Hamwe no kwamamara kwamamara kumurongo kwisi yose, imiyoboro myinshi ya e-ubucuruzi yagaragaye muri Mongoliya ihuza abatanga isoko nabakiriya babo ku isi: - Goyol.mn: Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwa e-ubucuruzi rutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo imyenda, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byo murugo nibindi, byemerera abagurisha guhuza nabaguzi haba mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga. - Melshop.mn: Isoko ryo kumurongo kabuhariwe mu kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa n'ibindi, bitanga serivisi zo gutanga muri Mongoliya. 3.Ubutumwa bw'Ubucuruzi & Byumba by'Ubucuruzi: Inshingano z'ubucuruzi zitunganijwe zitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwo mumahanga gushakisha icyerekezo cyishoramari muguhuza abafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abatanga ibicuruzwa bimaze gushingwa mumasoko ya Mongoliya -Mongoliya Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda (MNCCI): MNCCI ihora itegura ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi hagamijwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ishoramari byombi. Batanga urubuga kubaguzi mpuzamahanga nubucuruzi bwa Mongoliya guhuza no gucukumbura amahirwe yunguka. 4. Ibikorwa bya Guverinoma: Guverinoma ya Mongoliya yafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no kunoza umubano w’ubucuruzi. Zimwe muri gahunda zingenzi zirimo: - Gahunda yo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga: Igamije guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, iyi gahunda itanga uburyo bwo gutera inkunga imari, gahunda zamahugurwa, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi ku isoko ku bucuruzi bushaka kwaguka ku masoko mpuzamahanga. - Ikigo kimwe gihagarika serivisi: Iyi gahunda yorohereza ibikorwa byubucuruzi bitagira ingano mugutanga serivisi imwe yidirishya kubikorwa byubuyobozi, harimo na gasutamo. Mu gusoza, Mongoliya itanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko harimo imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi, urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi, gahunda za leta, hamwe n’ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe ku baguzi ku isi bashishikajwe no gushaka ibicuruzwa bya Mongoliya cyangwa gushakisha icyerekezo cy’ishoramari mu bukungu bw’igihugu.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Mongoliya, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. www.google.mn: Google niyo moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane muri Mongoliya ndetse no ku isi yose. Itanga ibisubizo byinshi byubushakashatsi kandi iraboneka mururimi rwa Mongoliya. 2. www.ubushakashatsi.mn: Shakisha.mn ni moteri ishakisha yaho igenewe Mongoliya. Itanga uburyo bwo kugera kumurongo waho, amakuru, amashusho, videwo, nibindi bikoresho. 3. www.yahoo.com: Yahoo nayo ikora nka moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kubakoresha muri Mongoliya. Itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo gushakisha urubuga, serivisi ya imeri, kuvugurura amakuru, nibindi byinshi. 4. www.bing.com: Bing niyindi moteri mpuzamahanga ishakisha ifite aho ihurira no muri Mongoliya. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha kurubuga, gushakisha amashusho, gushakisha amashusho murwego rwa Bing. 5. www. Usibye aya mahitamo nyamukuru yavuzwe haruguru afite verisiyo yaho cyangwa ashyigikira ururimi rwa Mongoliya kumugaragaro cyangwa bitemewe; abantu barashobora kandi gukoresha ubundi buryo nka VPN ihuza kugirango bagere ku zindi moteri zizwi kwisi nka Baidu (www.baidu.com) cyangwa Naver (www.naver.com). Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no gukoresha moteri zishakisha zitandukanye birashobora gutandukana ukurikije ibyo ukunda kugiti cyawe no guhitamo kugiti cyawe kubakoresha interineti muri Mongoliya.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo muri Mongoliya zigizwe nubuyobozi butandukanye bwo kumurongo butanga amakuru kubyerekeye ubucuruzi na serivisi mugihugu. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkuru zumuhondo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Mongoliya - Ubu ni igitabo cyuzuye kuri interineti gitanga urutonde rwubucuruzi, ibigo bya leta, imiryango, na serivisi zumwuga mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga rwabo murashobora kubisanga kuri www.yellowpages.mn. 2. Ulaanbaatar Kumurongo Wumuhondo - Byibanze cyane kumurwa mukuru wa Ulaanbaatar, iki gitabo gitanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi na serivisi byita kubaturage ndetse nabashyitsi. Urubuga ruraboneka kuri www.yellowpagesub.info. 3. Biznetwork.mn - Uru rubuga rwa sisitemu rutanga urutonde rwinshi rwurutonde rwubucuruzi rwashyizwe mu byiciro ninganda, rwemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bakeneye. Sura urubuga rwabo kuri www.biznetwork.mn. 4. SeekYellow.MN - Ubundi paji yuzuye yumuhondo itanga amakuru yubucuruzi ninganda cyangwa ibyiciro muri Mongoliya yose urashobora kuyisanga kuri www.seekyellow.mn. 5 muri Mongoliya; urubuga rwabo ruraboneka kuri www.infomongolia.com/ubuyobozi/ Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa kumpapuro zambere z'umuhondo ziboneka muri Mongoliya kumurongo wa none. Buri gihe birasabwa gushakisha amasoko menshi mugihe ushakisha ubucuruzi bwihariye cyangwa abatanga serivise mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Mongoliya imaze kwiyongera cyane mu bucuruzi bwayo bwa e-bucuruzi mu myaka icumi ishize. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi byigihugu hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Mart. Urubuga: www.mart.mn 2. MyShops - MyShops ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi bugaragara ruhuza abagurisha baho n'abaguzi hirya no hino muri Mongoliya. Itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kubiciro byapiganwa. Urubuga: www.myshops.mn 3. GooGoo - GooGoo ni isoko ryo kumurongo rizwiho guhitamo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, harimo imyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kwisiga, nibikoresho byo murugo. Itanga ibirango byaho ndetse n’amahanga kugirango bihuze ibyo abaguzi bakunda. Urubuga: www.googoo.mn 4. Hunnu Mall - Hunnu Mall ni ahantu hacururizwa abantu benshi muri Mongoliya yaguye umurongo kuri interineti binyuze ku rubuga rwa interineti. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kuva imyenda kugeza ibikoresho byo mu gikoni n'ibicuruzwa byiza. Urubuga: www.hunnumall.com 5. Nomin Shop - Nomin Shop izobereye mu kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa, kamera, n'ibikoresho ku giciro cyo gupiganwa ku isoko rya Mongoliya binyuze mu iduka ryayo rya interineti. Urubuga: www.nomin-shop.com 6. Super Net Online - Super Net Online yibanda mugutanga serivise zijyanye na interineti nkumuyoboro mugari, ibikoresho byubwenge, ibisubizo byokoresha urugo, hamwe na IT binyuze kurubuga rwabo. Urubuga: www.supernetonline.net Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bwa Mongoliya bugenda bwiyongera. Icyitonderwa: Mugihe inzira ya interineti igenda yihuta kandi ubucuruzi bushya bukavuka buri gihe, nibyiza ko buri gihe ari byiza gukora ubushakashatsi bwawe bwite cyangwa kugisha inama amakuru agezweho kugirango ubone amakuru yukuri yerekeye imbuga za interineti cyangwa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyongeweho / kigenda muri iki gice cy’inganda muri Mongoliya.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Hariho imbuga nkoranyambaga nyinshi muri Mongoliya zizwi cyane mu bahatuye. Dore urutonde rwa zimwe murubuga hamwe na aderesi zabo zurubuga: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) Facebook ni imwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Mongoliya. Iremera abakoresha guhuza inshuti, gusangira ibishya, amafoto, na videwo. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com) Twitter ni urundi rubuga rukunzwe cyane muri Mongoliya. Ifasha abakoresha gusangira ubutumwa bugufi cyangwa "tweet" hamwe nabayoboke babo kandi bakagumya kugezwaho ibyabaye. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com) Instagram ikoreshwa cyane nabanyamongoliya mugusangira amafoto na videwo ninshuti zabo nabayoboke. Abakoresha barashobora kandi gushakisha inzira zizwi binyuze kuri hashtags. 4. VKontakte (vk.com) VKontakte, bakunze kwita VK, ni urubuga rushingiye ku Burusiya ruhuza abantu benshi muri Mongoliya. Itanga ibintu bisa na Facebook nko gusangira ibirimo, gukora amatsinda cyangwa page, no kuganira ninshuti. 5.Kuukeduo (微视) https://kuukeduo.mn/ Kuukeduo (Mongoliya: 微视) ni porogaramu yo gusangira amashusho yo muri Mongoliya isa na TikTok yamenyekanye cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Mongoliya. 6 Odonchimeg.mn ni imbuga nkoranyambaga ya Mongoliya itanga ibintu bitandukanye nko guhuza inshuti, gusangira ibitekerezo cyangwa ingingo, no gushakisha amakuru agezweho. 7.TsagiinTailbar (Цагийн тайлбар): http://tzag.chatsmgl.net/ Tsagiin Tailbar (Monglian: Цагийн тайлбар) ni urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo gusangira amakuru muri Mongoliya aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ingingo, gutanga ibitekerezo ku nyandiko z'abandi, no kwitabira ibiganiro. 8. Gogo.mn (Гогоо - Монголын олон нийтийн портал): https://www.gogo.mn/ Gogo.mn numuyoboro wa interineti wo muri Mongoliya utanga serivise zitandukanye nko kuvugurura amakuru, e-ubucuruzi, hamwe nimbuga nkoranyambaga kugirango uhuze n'inshuti kandi dusangire ibitekerezo. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no gukundwa kwizi mbuga bishobora guhinduka mugihe.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Mongoliya, izwi ku izina rya "Igihugu cy'Ijuru ry'ubururu," ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati. Ifite inganda zitandukanye zigira uruhare mu bukungu bwacyo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Mongoliya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Mongoliya (MNCCI) - MNCCI ihagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi muri Mongoliya kandi iteza imbere ubucuruzi, ishoramari, n’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu gihugu. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://mncci.mn/en/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki muri Mongoliya (MBA) - MBA ikora mu guteza imbere no gushimangira urwego rw’amabanki muri Mongoliya mu koroshya ubufatanye hagati y’amabanki no guteza imbere imikorere myiza. Urubuga rwabo ni: http://www.mbassoci.org.mn/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro muri Mongoliya (MMA) - MMA ihagarariye amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro akorera muri Mongoliya kandi ateza imbere ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe agira uruhare mu kuzamura ubukungu burambye. Urubuga rwabo ni: http://mongoliamining.org/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu muri Mongoliya (MoREIA) - MoREIA yibanda ku guteza imbere umusaruro w’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, kugabanya gushingira ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima, no guharanira politiki nziza zishyigikira izamuka ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu muri Mongoliya. Urubuga rwabo ni: http://www.morei.nuuledom.mn/Urugo/index 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubukerarugendo bwa Mongoliya (MTA) - MTA ikora mu guteza imbere ubukerarugendo nk'urwego rw'ingenzi mu kuzamura ubukungu mu gufatanya cyane n'abafatanyabikorwa mu guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo na serivisi muri Mongoliya. Urubuga rwabo ni: http: //www.tourismassociation.mn/ 6.Inama Njyanama ya Mongoliya- Guteza imbere ivugurura ryakurura ishoramari ry’ibanze n’amahanga mu nzego z’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’igihugu; reba iterambere ryiterambere ryibanze ryumuryango kurwego rwakarere sura urubuga rwabo @https: //mongoliadigital.com/inama/inama-inama. Aya mashyirahamwe y’inganda afite uruhare runini mu guhagararira inyungu z’imirenge yabo mu gihe agira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Mongoliya. Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka, kandi birasabwa gusura urubuga rwumuryango kubijyanye namakuru agezweho.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Mongoliya. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe muribo: 1. Mongoliya Yuzuye Ibyishimo Byigihugu: https://www.grossnationalhappiness.com Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru yubukungu, ubucuruzi, amahirwe yubucuruzi, nishoramari muri Mongoliya. Irerekana kandi gahunda z'iterambere rirambye ry'igihugu. 2. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Mongoliya: http://www.mongolchamber.mn Urubuga rwemewe rw’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Mongoliya rutanga ibikoresho by’ingirakamaro mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi, guhuza imishinga, ubushakashatsi ku isoko, n’amahirwe yo gushora imari muri Mongoliya. 3. Ikigo gishinzwe ishoramari mu mahanga - Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga: https://foreigninvestment.mn Uru rubuga rukora nk'irembo ry'abashoramari b'abanyamahanga bashaka gushakisha amahirwe muri Mongoliya. Itanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye gushora imari mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwa Mongoliya. 4. Banki y'Ubucuruzi n'Iterambere: https://www.tdbm.mn Banki y'Ubucuruzi n'Iterambere ni kimwe mu bigo by'imari biza imbere muri Mongoliya byibanda ku gutera inkunga ubucuruzi binyuze muri serivisi z’imari y’ubucuruzi, gutera inkunga imishinga, ndetse n’ibikorwa mpuzamahanga by’amabanki. 5. Shora Ikigo cya Mongoliya - Minisiteri y’amabuye y’amabuye n’inganda zikomeye: http://investmongolia.gov.mn/en/ Uru rubuga rugamije guteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Mongoliya, uru rubuga rutanga amakuru ku mpushya, amabwiriza, imishinga iboneka ku bufatanye bw'ishoramari cyangwa kuyigura. 6. Kohereza Mongoliya.gov.mn: https://exportmongolia.gov.mn/eng/ Iyobowe na Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga, iyi porogaramu ishyigikira ubucuruzi bwa Mongoliya itanga ubufasha mu kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo ku masoko yo hanze binyuze mu kubona amakuru ku isoko. 7. Inama zubucuruzi n’amashyirahamwe: - Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi muri Amerika muri Mongoliya (AmCham): http://amcham.org.il/en/Urugo/ - Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi (EBA): http://www.eba-mng.com/ibuka.html - Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi ry’Abadage-Mongoliya (DMUV): https://dmuv.de Izi mbuga zitanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubukungu bwa Mongoliya, imibare yubucuruzi, amahirwe yishoramari, amabwiriza yisoko, hamwe nurubuga rwubucuruzi.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho imbuga nyinshi zitanga amakuru yubucuruzi kuri Mongoliya. Hano hari bike mubikoreshwa cyane, hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo ya Mongoliya (https://www.customs.mn/) - Uru ni urubuga rwemewe rw'ubuyobozi rusange bwa gasutamo ya Mongoliya. Itanga amakuru yuzuye ku mibare y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, harimo amakuru yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze. 2. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu gihugu cya Mongoliya (http://www.nso.mn/en) - Ibiro by'igihugu bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Mongoliya bikusanya kandi bigatangaza amakuru atandukanye y'ibarurishamibare, harimo n'imibare y'ubucuruzi. Urubuga rutanga raporo, imbonerahamwe, nibisohokayandikiro bijyanye n'ubucuruzi bwo hanze. 3. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi (https://trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx) - Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi ni igikoresho cyo kuri interineti cyateguwe n'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi (ITC). Itanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye imibare itumizwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi, harimo na Mongoliya. 4. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye (https://comtrade.un.org/) - Ububikoshingiro bw’ibicuruzwa by’umuryango w’abibumbye byemerera abakoresha kubona amakuru y’ubucuruzi ku isi hafi ya buri gihugu ku isi. Urashobora guhitamo Mongoliya muri menu yigihugu hanyuma ukabona amakuru arambuye yubucuruzi ukurikije umurenge cyangwa ibicuruzwa. 5. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’iterambere rya Banki y’isi (https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) - Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’iterambere rya Banki y’isi bitanga imibare itandukanye y’imibare ikubiyemo imibare myinshi y’imibereho n’ubukungu ku isi, harimo n’amahanga ubucuruzi bwa Mongoliya. Izi mbuga zizaguha amakuru yubucuruzi agezweho yerekeye ibicuruzwa biva muri Mongoliya n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, byorohereze ubushakashatsi bwawe cyangwa isesengura bijyanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bujyanye n’igihugu. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa kugira imbogamizi zimwe zo kubona amakuru yihariye

B2b

Mongoliya, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba, gishobora kuba kidafite urubuga rwa B2B nk'ibindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ariko haracyari bike bizwi ubucuruzi bushobora gukoresha. Hano hari amwe muma platform ya B2B muri Mongoliya hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwa Mongoliya (MBDA) - Ihuriro rya MBDA ritanga amakuru ajyanye n'amahirwe atandukanye y'ubucuruzi muri Mongoliya kandi ritanga serivisi zo guhuza amasosiyete yo mu karere ndetse n'amahanga. Urubuga: www.mongolbd.com 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Mongoliya (MTIA) - MTIA ni umuryango uteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Mongoliya. Urubuga rwabo rurimo ububiko bwibigo byabanyamuryango, byemerera ubucuruzi kubona abafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abatanga isoko mugihugu. Urubuga: www.mtia.mn 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Mongoliya (MNCCI) - MNCCI itanga ibikoresho kubucuruzi bashaka kwinjira cyangwa kwagura ibikorwa byabo muri Mongoliya. Urubuga rwabo rwa interineti rurimo ububiko bwubucuruzi, amahirwe yo guhuza, no kubona amakuru yisoko. Urubuga: www.mongolchamber.mn 4. Biznetwork - Biznetwork ni urubuga ruzwi cyane rwa interineti ruhuza ubucuruzi buturuka mu nganda zitandukanye hirya no hino muri Mongoliya, bugamije guteza imbere ubufatanye n’ubufatanye mu masosiyete ari mu mbibi z’igihugu. Urubuga: www.biznetwork.mn 5. Ubucuruzi bwa Aziya AirBridge (ABAB) - ABAB ni urubuga mpuzamahanga rw’ubucuruzi rutuma ubucuruzi bwo muri Mongoliya buhuza n’abashobora kuba abaguzi, abatumiza mu mahanga, n’abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ku isi babaha ibisubizo by’ubucuruzi byabigenewe bijyanye nibyo bakeneye. Urubuga: www.ababtrade.com/en/mng.html Izi porogaramu za B2B zirashobora kuba ibikoresho byingirakamaro kubucuruzi bushaka ubufatanye cyangwa gushaka kwagura ibikorwa byabo kumupaka wa Mongoliya cyangwa kurenga imipaka mpuzamahanga. Wibuke ko burigihe ari byiza gukora umwete mbere yo kwishora hamwe na platform ya B2B cyangwa isosiyete iyo uteganya ubufatanye cyangwa ibikorwa byubucuruzi.