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Incamake y'igihugu
Bulugariya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Bulugariya, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi. Ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 7, ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 110,994. Umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini muri Bulugariya ni Sofiya. Bulugariya ifite amateka akomeye kuva mu myaka ibihumbi. Yahoze mu Bwami bwa Bulugariya mu gihe cyo hagati, nyuma yaje gutegekwa na Ottoman mu binyejana bigera kuri bitanu. Igihugu cyabonye ubwigenge ku Bwami bwa Ottoman mu 1908. Imiterere ya Bulugariya iratandukanye kandi iratandukanye. Irahana imbibi na Rumaniya mu majyaruguru, Seribiya na Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru mu burengerazuba, Ubugereki na Turukiya mu majyepfo, n'Inyanja Yirabura mu burasirazuba. Ahantu nyaburanga hagaragara imisozi minini nka Rila na Pirin hamwe nimpinga nziza zabo zikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi mubikorwa byo gusiganwa ku maguru cyangwa gutembera. Ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Bulugariya kubera ikibaya cyarumbuka hamwe n’imiterere y’ikirere cyiza yo guhinga ingano, ibigori, izuba, imboga, imbuto ndetse no korora amatungo nk’inka n’inkoko. Inganda nkinganda (harimo nogukora imashini), ubucukuzi (kubutare bwumuringa), metallurgie (cyane cyane ibyuma), imyenda (harimo n’amavuta ya roza) nayo itanga umusanzu wingenzi. Kimwe mu bintu bigaragara mu muco wa Bulugariya ni imigenzo ya rubanda irimo imbyino zikomeye nka "horo" iherekejwe n'umuziki gakondo ucuranga ku bicurangisho nk'ibikapu cyangwa tambourine. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyabyaye abahanzi bazwi nka Christo Vladimirov Javacheff - uzwiho ibikorwa remezo binini by’ibidukikije. Abanyababuligariya biganjemo abakirisitu ba orotodogisi bo mu Burasirazuba bigira ingaruka ku migenzo yabo, mu muziki, no mu buhanzi bwabo. Ibyokurya bya Bulugariya birimo ibintu byo mu bihugu bitandukanye bituranye birimo ibyokurya nka banitsa (ifu ya filo yuzuye foromaje) cyangwa kebapche (inyama zometse). Iminsi mikuru gakondo nka Baba Marta ku ya 1 Werurwe ishushanya kwakira ikaze, yitwa Martenitsa, ikunze kwizihizwa mu gihugu hose. Mu myaka yashize, Buligariya yabonye iterambere mu bukerarugendo, ikurura abashyitsi n'ubwiza nyaburanga hamwe n’ibiranga amateka nka Rila Monastery cyangwa ikigo cya Veliko Tarnovo cyo mu kinyejana cya 5 rwagati. Iki gihugu kizwiho kandi kuba gifite inkombe nziza cyane ku nkombe z'Inyanja Yirabura, gitanga resitora zitandukanye zo ku mucanga ndetse n'ubuzima bwiza bwa nijoro. Muri rusange, Buligariya ni igihugu gitandukanye kigaragaramo ibyiza nyaburanga, amateka akomeye, umuco wuzuye, hamwe nu guteka biryoshye. Hamwe n’ibikorwa byayo biri hagati y’imihanda y’Uburayi, ikomeje gutera imbere nkahantu nyaburanga hasurwa na ba mukerarugendo ndetse n’abashoramari.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Bulugariya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Bulugariya, ifite ifaranga ryayo ryitwa lev (BGN). Lev igabanyijemo ibice 100 bito bita stotinki. Ikimenyetso c'ifaranga kuri levigariya ni лв. Lev yo muri Bulugariya yatangiye gukwirakwira kuva ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1999, ubwo yasimbuzaga ifaranga ryabanje rizwi ku izina rya levariya ikomeye. Ikintu gishimishije kuri lev yo muri Bulugariya ni uko yashyizwe ku ma euro ku gipimo cyagenwe. Ibi bivuze ko kuri buri euro, uzakira hafi 1.95583. Lev ije mu madini atandukanye arimo inoti n'ibiceri. Inoti ziboneka mu madini ya 2, 5,10,20,50 na 100. Buri inoti yerekana abantu bakomeye bo mu mateka ya Bulugariya nka Mutagatifu Ivan Rilski na Paisius wa Hilendar. Ibiceri biraboneka mumadini ya stotinka 1 (ntoya), hamwe nibiceri bifite agaciro ka 2, 5, 10, 20, na 50 stotinki hamwe nigiceri gifite agaciro ka Levi imwe. Kugirango uhindure amafaranga yamahanga muri leva ya Buligariya cyangwa ubundi, urashobora kubikora kubiro byemewe byo kuvunja biboneka muri Bulugariya yose.Hariho na ATM nyinshi ushobora gukuramo amafaranga ukoresheje amakarita yawe yo kubikuza cyangwa amakarita yinguzanyo.Nyamara, nibyiza kugenzura hamwe nuwawe banki mbere yerekeye amafaranga cyangwa amafaranga ajyanye nayo mugihe ukoresheje ikarita yawe mumahanga. Muri rusange, uko amafaranga ya Buligariya yifashe azenguruka ku ifaranga ry’igihugu, Leviya yo muri Bulugariya. Ifite uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bwa buri munsi mu gihugu, kandi ifite igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyagenwe na Euro.Kuboneka inoti zitandukanye hamwe n’ibiceri bituma ibikorwa by’imari byoroha byombi abahatuye na ba mukerarugendo basura iki gihugu cyiza cya Balkan
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Buligariya ni Legariya (BGN). Ikigereranyo cyo kuvunja hafi ya Buligariya Lev ugereranije n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi ni aya akurikira: 1 BGN = 0.59 USD 1 BGN = 0.51 EUR 1 BGN = 57.97 JPY 1 BGN = 0.45 GBP 1 BGN = 5.83 CNY Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bigereranijwe kandi birashobora gutandukana gato ukurikije uko isoko ryifashe ubu.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Bulugariya, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi, gifite iminsi mikuru itandukanye mu mwaka. Ibi birori byerekana umurage gakondo numuco gakondo yabaturage ba Bulugariya. Umunsi mukuru w'ingenzi muri Bulugariya ni Baba Marta, wizihizwa ku ya 1 Werurwe. Ibi biruhuko byerekana igihe cy'impeshyi kandi byeguriwe kwakira ubuzima bwiza n'amahirwe. Kuri uyumunsi, abantu bahana "martenitsi," ni tassel itukura numweru cyangwa ibikomo bikozwe mu budodo. Uyu muco waturutse ku myizerere ya gipagani ya kera ivuga ko kwambara ibi bimenyetso bizana uburinzi bw'imyuka mibi. Abantu bambara martenitsi kugeza babonye igiti cyangwa igiti kirabya nkibimenyetso byimpeshyi. Undi munsi mukuru uzwi muri Bulugariya ni umunsi wo kwibohora wizihizwa ku ya 3 Werurwe. Yibutse ubwigenge bwa Bulugariya kuva mu myaka 500 ishize Ottoman imaze ku butegetsi kuva mu 1878. Uyu munsi wuzuyemo imyigaragambyo, imirishyo, ibitaramo, ndetse n’ibikorwa by’amateka bibera mu gihugu hose kugira ngo biheshe icyubahiro abaharanira ubwisanzure bwabo. Pasika ni umunsi mukuru w'idini wizihizwa n'abanyababuligariya n'ubwitange bukomeye kuko bisobanura kuvuka ubwa kabiri n'intangiriro nshya kubakristo ku isi. Imigenzo ya pasika yo muri Bulugariya irimo amagi ashushanyije neza, umutsima gakondo witwa "kozunak," ibikorwa by'itorero bidasanzwe mu gicuku bikurikirwa no gusangira n'umuryango n'inshuti. Umunsi w’ububyutse ku ya 1 Ugushyingo wubaha amateka n’umuco bya Bulugariya mu gihe cy’ububyutse (ikinyejana cya 18-19). Irahimbaza intwari z'igihugu nka Vasil Levski - umuntu ukomeye mu rugamba rwo guharanira ubwigenge bwo kurwanya Ottoman. Ubwanyuma, Noheri ifite akamaro gakomeye muri Bulugariya aho abantu bahurira hamwe kugirango bibuke ivuka rya Yesu Kristo binyuze mumihango y'idini yabereye mumatorero mugihugu cyose. Ibyokurya gakondo nka banitsa (byuzuye foromaje) byateguwe hamwe n'imihango y'ibirori nka "koleduvane" - guterura inzu ku nzu kugirango imigisha imigisha. Muri rusange, iyi minsi mikuru igira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga imigenzo ya Bulugariya, kwimakaza ubumwe bw’igihugu, no kwerekana umurage gakondo w’umuco w’iki gihugu gifite imbaraga.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Bulugariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, ifite ubukungu buvanze kandi bushingiye cyane ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Imiterere yacyo ya geografiya itanga uburyo bworoshye kumasoko yuburayi ndetse n’amahanga. Ibice nyamukuru byoherezwa muri Bulugariya birimo ubuhinzi, imashini, imiti, imyenda, n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho. Ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk ingano, sayiri, imbuto yizuba, ibikomoka ku itabi, imbuto, nimboga bigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Buligariya ifite ishingiro rikomeye rikora imashini n'ibikoresho by'inganda zitandukanye. Igihugu cyungukirwa no kuba umunyamuryango w’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), gitanga amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Uyu munyamuryango afasha koroshya urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa muri uyu muryango. Byongeye kandi, Bolgariya ifite amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bituranye nka Turukiya na Seribiya. Mu myaka yashize, Bolgariya yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yagiye yiyongera. Abafatanyabikorwa bambere mu bucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bulugariya ni Ubudage n’Ubutaliyani muri EU. Ahandi hantu h’ingenzi harimo Romania, Ubugereki, Ububiligi-Ubuholandi-Luxembourg (Benelux), Turukiya, n'Ubushinwa. Ku ruhande rutumiza mu mahanga, Buligariya yishingira gutumiza mu mahanga umutungo w'ingufu nka peteroli na gaze kubera ko idafite ubutunzi bwinshi bw'umutungo. Iratumiza kandi imashini, ibikoresho, imyenda, n'imodoka biva mu bihugu bitandukanye nk'Ubudage, Turukiya, Uburusiya, n'Ubushinwa. Ibi bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bihaza isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu hamwe no gutanga ibikoresho fatizo mu nganda zaho. Guverinoma ya Bulugariya ishishikariza ishoramari ry’amahanga, kuzamura ubukungu Muri rusange, Buligariya ikomeje umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bituranye n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga.Igihugu gishingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo biteze imbere ubukungu mu gihe gikemura icyuho binyuze mu gutumiza mu mahanga umutungo w’ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Hamwe n’amasezerano meza y’ubucuruzi, umutekano wa politiki, hamwe n’ishoramari, Bulugariya irashaka kurushaho guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ku isi hose mu rwego rwo kuzamura iterambere mu mbibi zayo.
Iterambere ryisoko
Bulugariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ubwa mbere, Buligariya yunguka aho iherereye. Ikora nk'irembo hagati y'Uburayi na Aziya, ihuza Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibihugu byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati ndetse no hanze yarwo. Uyu mwanya mwiza ufasha Buligariya kugirana umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bitandukanye mu turere twombi. Icya kabiri, kuba Buligariya mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi biratanga amahirwe yo kugera kuri rimwe mu masoko manini ku isi. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi utanga amahirwe menshi ku bucuruzi bwa Bulugariya bwohereza ibicuruzwa na serivisi mu bindi bihugu bigize uyu muryango nta mbogamizi za gasutamo cyangwa imbogamizi. Kwishyira hamwe ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byorohereza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byoroshye kandi byongera ubushobozi bwa Bulugariya. Byongeye kandi, Buligariya ifite ubukungu butandukanye bukwira mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, ingufu, na serivisi. Iri shingiro ryubukungu ritandukanye rigira uruhare runini rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bwa Bulugariya nkamavuta yizuba, amavuta ya lavender, ubuki, nibicuruzwa bio-bishakishwa cyane mumahanga kubera ubwiza na kamere kama. Byongeye kandi, Bulugariya yagiye ishora imari cyane mu nganda nk'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (IT), gukora amamodoka, imiti n’imiti yo kwisiga byagaragaje iterambere rikomeye mu myaka yashize. Izi nganda ntizishimangira ubukungu bwimbere mu gihugu gusa ahubwo zitanga amahirwe menshi yibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, hari kwiyongera kw'ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) riza muri Bulugariya bitewe ahanini n'ishoramari ryiza harimo n'umusoro muke ugereranije n'ibindi bihugu by'Uburayi hamwe n'abakozi bize bize biboneka ku giciro gito ugereranije n'Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Mu gusoza, guhuza ahantu hayo h’ibikorwa bihuza Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba na Aziya, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati & Afurika; Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uyiha uburenganzira bwo kugera kuri rimwe mu masoko manini ku isi; imbaraga & gutandukana mu bukungu; inzego zateye imbere nka IT, Automotive & Pharmaceuticals; kongera FDI urujya n'uruza, Bulugariya iragaragaza imbaraga zikomeye zo kurushaho gutera imbere ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.Igihugu gishobora gukoresha izo nyungu neza mu guteza imbere cyane itangwa ryacyo, gushyiraho imiyoboro ikomeye y’ubucuruzi, guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, gushishikariza guhanga udushya no kuzamura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’iterambere ry’isoko ry’isi.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa kumasoko yubucuruzi yububanyi n’amahanga ya Bulugariya, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bikenewe cyane kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kugurisha. Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ku isoko rya Bulugariya: 1. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko: Kora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko kugirango umenye ibigezweho, ibyo ukunda, n'ibisabwa n'abaguzi ba Bulugariya. Reba amakuru kumikoreshereze yimikoreshereze yabaguzi, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa bizwi, ninganda zigenda ziyongera. 2. Menya amasoko meza: Shakisha amasoko meza muri Bulugariya ashobora gutanga amahirwe kubicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa kama cyangwa ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bigenda byamamara mubaguzi bita kubuzima muri Bulugariya. 3. Isesengura rihiganwa: Wige itangwa ryabanywanyi bawe kugirango umenye icyuho ku isoko ushobora kuzuza ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye. Itandukanyirize hamwe nabanywanyi utanga ubuziranenge, buhendutse-buhendutse cyangwa ugamije ibyiciro byabakiriya batabikwiye. 4. Tekereza ku muco: Witondere umuco gakondo wa Bolgariya n'imigenzo mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa kugirango urebe ko bihuye nibyifuzo byaho. 5. Ubushobozi bwa e-ubucuruzi: Hamwe no kuzamuka kwa e-ubucuruzi muri Bulugariya, tekereza guhitamo ibicuruzwa bifite amahirwe yo kugurisha kumurongo ukoresheje urubuga nka Amazone cyangwa imbuga za e-ubucuruzi zaho. 6. Ubwishingizi bufite ireme: Hitamo ibintu bifite ibipimo byerekana ubuziranenge hamwe nimpamyabumenyi nkuko abaguzi ba Bulugariya bashyira imbere ibicuruzwa biramba kandi byizewe. 7. Guhuza n'imiterere yaho: Hitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiranye n’ikirere cyaho kimwe n’ibihe bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bikenewe (urugero, ibikoresho by'imikino yo mu itumba mu gihe cya ski). 8.Ibiciro byo guhatanira ibiciro: Menya neza ko ibintu wahisemo byatoranijwe kugiciro ugereranije nibitangwa bisa kumasoko ya Bulugariya mugihe ukomeza inyungu. 9.Ibicuruzwa byohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ： Gusesengura amakuru yatumijwe mu mahanga hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa b’ubucuruzi bo muri Bulugariya (ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’ibihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi) kugira ngo umenye amahirwe ashoboka aho ibyo bihugu bishobora gutumiza mu mahanga kuruta ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitanga amahirwe ku kintu wahisemo cyo gutsinda. 10.Amahirwe binyuze mumurikagurisha & imurikagurisha Kwitabira imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha bijyanye n’ubucuruzi muri Bulugariya kugira ngo umenye neza uko isoko rigezweho, uhure n'abaguzi, kandi werekane ibicuruzwa wahisemo. Urebye ibyo bintu no gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze, urashobora guhitamo ibicuruzwa byiza bifite amahirwe menshi yo kugurisha kumasoko yubucuruzi bw’amahanga ya Bulugariya. Komeza kuvugururwa no guhindura ibyifuzo byabaguzi kugirango uhuze ingamba zo guhitamo ubudahwema kubisubizo byongerewe.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Bulugariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, ifite umwihariko w’abakiriya hamwe na kirazira z'umuco. Gusobanukirwa birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi gukorana neza nabakiriya ba Bulugariya. Abanyabuligariya baha agaciro umubano bwite no kwizerana mubucuruzi. Kubaka ubwumvikane bukomeye nabakiriya ni ngombwa kugirango umuntu agere ku isoko rya Bulugariya. Birasanzwe kwishora mubiganiro bito no kumenyana mbere yo gusimbukira mubiganiro byubucuruzi. Kwubahiriza igihe byubahwa cyane na Bulugariya. Kuba ku gihe cy'inama cyangwa gahunda byerekana kubaha no kuba umunyamwuga. Gutinda cyangwa guseswa bigomba kumenyeshwa hakiri kare nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubupfura. Ku bijyanye n'itumanaho, Abanyababuligariya bashima ubunyangamugayo no kuba inyangamugayo mu gihe bakomeza kugira ikinyabupfura. Kugaragaza kumugaragaro ibitekerezo utiriwe uhangana ningirakamaro mukubaka ikizere nabakiriya. Ibiganiro byibiciro biramenyerewe cyane muri Bulugariya, nubwo gusunika cyane bishobora kugaragara nkubusuzuguro cyangwa ubukana. Kubona impirimbanyi hagati yo guhinduka no gushikama bifasha kubaka ubwumvikane mugihe cyibiganiro. Gutanga impano birashimwa ariko bigomba gukorwa ubwitonzi. Impano zifite agaciro kanini zirashobora gutera ibihe bitameze neza kuko zishobora kubonwa nkugerageza guhindura inzira zifata ibyemezo bidakwiye. Impano ntoya, yatekerejweho nibimenyetso bikwiye byo gushimira iyo umubano umaze gushingwa. Ku bijyanye na kirazira z'umuco, ni ngombwa kutaganira kuri politiki cyangwa kuvuga nabi amateka ya Bolgariya cyangwa umuco mu gihe cy'ubucuruzi. Iyobokamana naryo rifatwa nk'ingingo yunvikana; kubwibyo, ibiganiro bijyanye n’imyemerere y’amadini bigomba kwirindwa keretse bitangijwe nabakiriya mbere. Byongeye kandi, kwirinda kunywa inzoga nyinshi mugihe cyo kurya cyangwa ibirori byubucuruzi nibyiza kuko gusinda cyane bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumashusho yumwuga no kwizerwa. Mugusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kubahiriza kirazira z'umuco mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Bulugariya, ubucuruzi bushobora gutsimbataza umubano mwiza ushingiye kukwizerana no kubahana.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Bulugariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi ku gice cy’ibirwa bya Balkan, ifite uburyo bunoze kandi bunoze bwo gucunga gasutamo. Ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo mu gihugu bukorera muri Minisiteri y’Imari kandi bushinzwe koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gihe umutekano no kubahiriza amategeko y’igihugu. Iyo binjiye muri Bulugariya, abagenzi bagomba gukurikiza umurongo ngenderwaho kugirango binjire neza. Icyambere, witwaze ibyangombwa byingendo byemewe nka pasiporo ifite agaciro byibuze amezi atatu kurenza umunsi wagenewe kugenda. Abatari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi barashobora gusaba viza mbere yo gusura Buligariya; nibyiza kugenzura ibyangombwa bisabwa bya visa ukurikije ubwenegihugu. Ku mipaka ya Bulugariya, abashyitsi bazahura n'abashinzwe za gasutamo bashinzwe kugenzura ibyangombwa by'abagenzi. Witegure kwerekana ibyangombwa mugihe ubisabye kandi utangaze ibicuruzwa byose bishobora kwemerwa kumugaragaro cyangwa biri mubyiciro bibujijwe nk'imbunda cyangwa ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Kuzana / kohereza ibicuruzwa muri / bivuye muri Bulugariya bigengwa n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo yubahiriza amahame y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Abagenzi binjira cyangwa bava muri Bulugariya bafite amafaranga arenga EUR 10,000 bagomba kubimenyesha ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo; kunanirwa kubikora bishobora kuvamo ibihano cyangwa kwamburwa. Amahoro ya gasutamo n'imisoro birashobora gukoreshwa mugihe uzanye ibintu muri Bulugariya bivuye hanze yuburayi. Amafaranga atangirwa umusoro abaho kubintu byihariye nk'imyenda cyangwa urwibutso, ariko imipaka imwe ku nzoga, ibicuruzwa by'itabi, n'ibindi bicuruzwa birahari bitarenze umusoro. Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bibujijwe cyangwa bibujijwe ntibigomba kuzanwa muri Bulugariya harimo ibiyobyabwenge, ibicuruzwa byiganano, ibicuruzwa by’ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika nta mpushya / impushya zikwiye nk'uko CITES (Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu bwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika by’ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi na Flora)), n'ibindi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko abayobozi ba gasutamo ya Bulugariya bashyigikiye ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura imipaka ishingiye ku mabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Igenzura risanzwe rikorwa cyane n'abayobozi hagamijwe gukumira ibikorwa bya magendu bijyanye n'ibiyobyabwenge / imbunda / ibicuruzwa mpimbano n'ibindi. Kubahiriza aya mabwiriza bituma urugendo rutagira ikibazo runyura ku mipaka ya Bulugariya mu gihe hubahirizwa amategeko y’umutekano n’ubucuruzi.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Buligariya, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba, yashyize mu bikorwa politiki yihariye yerekeye imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Izi politiki zigamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu no kurinda inganda zaho. Amahoro ya gasutamo yatumijwe muri Bulugariya muri rusange ashingiye ku giciro rusange cya gasutamo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Nk’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Buligariya ikurikiza igipimo cy’ibiciro by’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’amabwiriza agenga ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ushyira mu bikorwa politiki rusange y’ubucuruzi, bivuze ko ibihugu byose bigize uyu muryango bikoresha imisoro imwe kuri gasutamo ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu bitari mu bihugu by’Uburayi. Igiciro rusange cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi kigizwe n’ibyiciro bitandukanye hamwe n’ibiciro bitandukanye. Kode ya Harmonized Sisitemu (HS) ikoreshwa mugutondekanya ibicuruzwa, kugena igipimo cyamahoro. HS code itanga sisitemu isanzwe ikoreshwa kwisi yose mugutondekanya ibicuruzwa byacurujwe. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Buligariya ishobora gutanga imisoro yagabanijwe cyangwa zeru mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Kurugero, ibitumizwa mu mahanga biva mu bihugu igihugu cya Bulugariya cyashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu bishobora kugenerwa inyungu mu kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro imwe n'imwe. Usibye amahoro ya gasutamo, andi misoro n'amahoro birashobora gukoreshwa mugihe utumiza ibicuruzwa muri Bulugariya. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) usoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 20%. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bimwe nkibiryo byingenzi birashobora gusoreshwa ku gipimo cy’imisoro yagabanutseho 9% cyangwa 5%. Byongeye kandi, imisoro ku musoro irashobora gushyirwaho mubyiciro byibicuruzwa nka alcool, ibikomoka ku itabi, n’ibinyobwa bitera ingufu. Mu gusoza, Bulugariya ikurikiza politiki y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ku bijyanye n’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Politiki nk'iyi igamije kugenzura no kugenzura ubucuruzi ari nako butanga uburinzi ku nganda zo mu gihugu kwirinda amarushanwa arenganya aturuka mu mahanga.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Bulugariya izwiho politiki nziza yo gusoresha mu mahanga igamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa ingamba nyinshi zo koroshya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no kubungabunga ibidukikije byorohereza imisoro ku bucuruzi. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Bulugariya ni ishyirwaho ry’umusoro muke w’ibigo. Kugeza ubu, Bulugariya ifite kimwe mu biciro biri hasi y’imisoro mu bigo by’Uburayi, byashyizweho ku gipimo cya 10%. Iki gipimo gito gifasha ubucuruzi gukomeza guhatanira kugabanya imisoro ku nyungu zikomoka ku bikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Buligariya itanga umuyoboro mugari w'amasezerano abiri yo gusoresha hamwe n'ibihugu byinshi ku isi. Aya masezerano afasha gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya amahirwe yo gusoreshwa kabiri ku musaruro ukomoka ku bicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka, bitanga ubundi buryo bwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Bulugariya itanga imisoro itandukanye ya gasutamo cyangwa kugabanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu bihugu cyangwa uturere tumwe na tumwe. Izi gahunda zo kuvura zirimo amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) ndetse n’ibihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nka Kanada, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, na Turukiya. Amasezerano nkaya atuma ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bulugariya bigera kuri ayo masoko byoroshye mugukuraho cyangwa kugabanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa byabo. Byongeye kandi, Bulugariya ikorera ku butegetsi bw’Uburayi bwongerewe umusoro ku nyongeragaciro. Nk’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, byubahiriza amabwiriza rusange y’imisoro yashyizweho na komisiyo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro muri Bulugariya kuri ubu gishyizwe kuri 20%, kireba ibicuruzwa na serivisi bigurishwa mu gihugu. Nyamara, kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi birashobora kugereranywa na zeru niba hari ibisabwa byujujwe. Mu gusoza, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Bulugariya yibanda ku guteza imbere ubucuruzi no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga binyuze mu guhuza ingamba nk’ibiciro by’imisoro mito mu bigo ndetse n’amasezerano y’imisoro ibiri. Byongeye kandi, imisoro ya gasutamo itangwa binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu haba mu bihugu by’Uburayi ndetse no hanze yacyo bigira uruhare mu korohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bulugariya. .
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Bulugariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi bw’Uburayi, izwiho ubukungu bukomeye ndetse no kohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Igihugu gifite gahunda ihamye yo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ibicuruzwa n'ubwiza n'umutekano bibe byiza. Muri Bulugariya, ni ngombwa ko abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga babona ibyemezo bya ngombwa kugira ngo bubahirize amahame mpuzamahanga. Icyemezo kimwe cyingenzi ni Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi. Iki kimenyetso cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byose byashyizweho n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bijyanye n'ubuzima, umutekano, no kurengera ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, Bulugariya itanga ibyemezo nka ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Ibi byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byikigo byujuje ubuziranenge bwimicungire yemewe kwisi yose. Ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu buhinzi, Buligariya itanga GLOBALG.A.P., Ihame ry’umutekano w’ibiribwa ryemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ryemeza ko imbuto, imboga, n’ibindi bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi byakozwe ku buryo burambye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Bulugariya itanga kandi impamyabumenyi zidasanzwe mu nzego zimwe na zimwe nk'ubuhinzi-mwimerere. Icyemezo cya "BioCert" cyemeza ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi cyangwa bitunganijwe bitangwa hakoreshejwe uburyo kama nta fumbire mvaruganda cyangwa GMO (Ibinyabuzima byahinduwe). Byongeye kandi, hari impamyabumenyi yihariye yinganda nka HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point), yibanda ku ngamba zo kwihaza mu biribwa mugihe cyo gukora. Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko buri gicuruzwa gishobora kuba gifite ibisabwa byinyongera byihariye byinganda cyangwa isoko ryacyo. Kurugero, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi birashobora gukenera ibyemezo bya electromagnetic bihuza ibyemezo. Muri rusange, Buligariya ishyira imbere icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byuzuzwe kandi byizere ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Kubona ibyemezo bitandukanye byerekeranye ninganda n’amasoko atandukanye, abohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bulugariya barashobora kwagura abakiriya babo ku isi hose mugihe bakomeza ubuziranenge bufite ireme.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Bulugariya, iherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba, itanga serivisi zitandukanye kandi zizewe zo gutanga ibikoresho kugira ngo zunganire ubucuruzi n'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Hano hari ibyifuzo byo gutanga ibikoresho kuri iki gihugu. 1. Ibyambu: Bulugariya ifite ibyambu bibiri bikomeye - Varna na Burgas - biherereye ku nkombe z'Inyanja Yirabura. Ibyo byambu bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza inzira zo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi, bikabera ihuriro ryiza ryo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. 2. Ibikorwa Remezo byumuhanda: Buligariya ifite umuyoboro witerambere wateye imbere uyihuza nibihugu bituranye nka Romania, Ubugereki, Seribiya, na Turukiya. Ibikorwa remezo byumuhanda bigezweho kandi bikora neza, bituma habaho gutwara ibicuruzwa neza mugihugu no mumipaka. 3. Gariyamoshi: Sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya Bulugariya ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize umuyoboro w’ibikoresho. Itanga uburyo buhendutse bwo gutwara umuhanda kubintu byinshi cyangwa byoherejwe kure. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza imijyi minini iri mu gihugu kimwe n'ibindi bihugu by'i Burayi nk'Ubugereki, Rumaniya, Hongiriya, n'Uburusiya. 4. Imizigo yo mu kirere: Ikibuga cy'indege cya Sofiya gikora nk'ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Buligariya gifite ibikoresho byiza byo mu kirere. Itanga ingendo zisanzwe mumijyi minini kwisi mugihe itanga uburyo bunoze bwo gutumiza gasutamo kubyohereza igihe. 5. Uburyo bwa gasutamo: Buligariya ni igihugu cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi; niyo mpamvu inzira za gasutamo zubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byorohereza urujya n'uruza rw’ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa mu bindi bihugu byo hanze y’ubumwe. 6.Ibigo bishinzwe ububiko nogukwirakwiza: Mubice byingenzi byinganda nka Sofiya (umurwa mukuru) na Plovdiv (umujyi wa kabiri munini), urashobora kubona ibikoresho byububiko bugezweho hamwe n’ibigo bikwirakwiza bikoreshwa n’abatanga isoko ndetse n’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’ibikoresho bitanga ububiko bwuzuye ibisubizo bikwiranye ninganda zitandukanye zikenewe. 7.Ibikoresho bitanga serivisi: Ibigo byinshi byo mu gihugu cya Bulugariya bikoresha ibikoresho by’ibikoresho by’inzobere mu bijyanye no gutanga ibicuruzwa nko kohereza ibicuruzwa, gasutamo ya gasutamo, hamwe na serivisi zindi zitanga ibikoresho.Bafite ubuhanga bwaho bufatanije numuyoboro mugari utuma ibikorwa bigenda neza kubiciro byapiganwa. Mu gusoza, Buligariya itanga ibikorwa remezo byubatswe neza, birimo ibyambu, imihanda, gari ya moshi, n'ibibuga by'indege bituma gutwara ibicuruzwa neza ku butaka no ku nyanja. Uhujije ibi hamwe n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’ibikorwa bitandukanye bitanga serivisi, Buligariya ni ahantu heza ku bucuruzi bushakisha ibisubizo byizewe kandi bihendutse.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Buligariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, itanga inzira zinyuranye z’iterambere ry’abaguzi n’imurikagurisha. Izi mbuga zifite uruhare runini mu kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gushishikariza ishoramari ry’amahanga. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi: 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi: Buligariya yakiriye imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rikurura abaguzi baturutse ku isi. Bimwe mubyamamare bizwi harimo: - Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya tekiniki: rikorwa buri mwaka i Plovdiv, iri murikagurisha ni rimwe mu imurikagurisha rinini mu nganda mu majyepfo y’Uburayi. - Imurikagurisha ryimodoka rya Sofiya: Imurikagurisha ryambere ryimodoka ryerekana udushya tugezweho. - Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa Expo Buligariya: Ibirori byahariwe inzobere mu nganda n'ibiribwa. - Imyidagaduro ya Balkan & Gaming Expo (BEGE): Imurikagurisha ryibanda ku ikoranabuhanga ryimikino nimyidagaduro. 2. Ibigo biteza imbere ishoramari (IPAs): Buligariya yashyizeho IPA kugirango yorohereze umubano hagati y’abaguzi b’amahanga n’ubucuruzi bwa Bulugariya. Izi nzego zitanga ubufasha bwamakuru, ibirori byo guhuza ibikorwa, serivisi zoguhuza ibikorwa byubucuruzi, zitegura roadshow mumahanga kugirango zikurura abashoramari. 3. Ihuriro rya e-ubucuruzi: Hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti ku isi, ibicuruzwa bya Bulugariya murashobora kubisanga ku mbuga mpuzamahanga zitandukanye z’ubucuruzi nka Amazone, eBay, AliExpress ya Alibaba. 4. Ambasade n’ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi: Ambasade ya Bulugariya ku isi igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere umubano w’ibihugu byombi utegura ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi n’amahuriro y’ubucuruzi ahuza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’abashobora kugura. 5.Ingereko z’Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga: Buligariya ifite ibyumba byinshi by’ubucuruzi haba mu gihugu ndetse n’imiryango ifitanye isano n’amahanga nk’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rw’Abanyamerika muri Bulugariya (AmCham), Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Budage na Bulugariya (GHMBIHK), Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi Ubufaransa -Bulgariya (CCFB), n'ibindi .Iyi mitwe itegura ibirori byibanda ku kubaka umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’abatumiza mu mahanga bo muri Bulugariya / abatumiza mu mahanga / ba rwiyemezamirimo na bagenzi babo mu mahanga 6.Urubuga rwubucuruzi: Hariho ububiko bwinshi bwo kumurongo bwagenewe guhuza abaguzi kwisi nabatanga ibicuruzwa bya Bulugariya nka GlobalTrade.net, Alibaba.com, BuligariyaExport.com, nibindi. 7. Ibirori bya B2B n’imurikagurisha: Ibirori bitandukanye bya B2B n’imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi bibera muri Bulugariya nka Synergy Expo- Ihuriro rihuza amasosiyete yo mu mahanga & Bulugariya, Umunsi w’imyuga w’igihugu - aho abakoresha bashobora guhura n’abashaka kuba abakozi. Ibi birori bitanga amahirwe yo guhuza no gukorana mubucuruzi. 8. Gahunda za leta: Guverinoma ya Bulugariya ishyigikiye byimazeyo iterambere ry’abaguzi binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye nka Invest Bulgaria Agency (IBA), igamije gukurura abashoramari b’amahanga mu guteza imbere amahirwe y’ishoramari mu gihugu. Muri rusange, iyi miyoboro n’ubucuruzi bitanga amahirwe akomeye ku bucuruzi bwa Bulugariya bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi ku baguzi mpuzamahanga, kwagura abakiriya babo, gushyiraho ubufatanye bushya, koroshya iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa no guteza imbere ubukungu mu gihugu.
Muri Bulugariya, hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha abakoresha interineti gushakisha amakuru. Ibikurikira nimwe muma moteri yishakisha azwi na URL zabo: 1. Google (https://www.google.bg): Google niyo moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose, harimo no muri Bulugariya. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru menshi binyuze muri Google ikomeye yo gushakisha algorithms. 2. Bing (https://www.bing.com): Bing nindi moteri ishakisha izwi cyane itanga gushakisha kurubuga, gushakisha amashusho, amakarita, videwo, hamwe namakuru agezweho mubindi biranga. 3. Yahoo (https://www.yahoo.bg): Yahoo itanga ubushobozi bwo gushakisha kurubuga hamwe namakuru agezweho, serivisi za imeri, nibindi bintu bitandukanye. 4. DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo ni moteri ishakisha ibanga ryibanga idakurikirana amakuru y’abakoresha cyangwa ngo ihindure ibisubizo bishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwashize. 5. Yandex (http://www.yandex.bg): Yandex ni moteri ishakisha ikorera mu Burusiya ikoreshwa cyane muri Bulugariya. Itanga gushakisha kurubuga hamwe nizindi serivisi nk'amakarita no gushakisha amashusho. 6. Baidu (http://www.baidu.com/intl/bg/): Baidu ni moteri ishakisha ishingiye ku gishinwa nayo itanga serivisi zihariye mu rurimi rwa Buligariya; itanga gushakisha kurubuga, amakarita n'amashusho mubindi. 7. Baza.com (https://www.ask.com) - Baza.com yemerera abakoresha kubaza ibibazo byihariye cyangwa kwinjiza ijambo ryibanze rusange kugirango bakure amakuru ajyanye na enterineti. 8. Nigma.bg (http://nigma.bg/) - Nigma.bg yibanda ku gutanga ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gushakisha ku mbuga za interineti hibandwa ku bikubiye muri Bulugariya. Izi nimwe mumoteri ishakisha ikoreshwa nabantu muri Bulugariya kugirango barebe interineti kandi babone amakuru yifuza neza.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Bulugariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo y’Uburayi, ifite ububiko bw’urupapuro rwumuhondo butanga amakuru menshi yerekeye ubucuruzi na serivisi muri iki gihugu. Hano hari bimwe mubisobanuro byingenzi byurupapuro rwumuhondo hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Buligariya - Urupapuro rwemewe rwumuhondo muri Bulugariya rutanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga rwabo ni www.urubuga.bg. 2. Urupapuro rwa Zahabu - Ubu bubiko bukubiyemo serivisi zitandukanye n’ubucuruzi bukorera muri Bulugariya. Urubuga rwarwo ni www.goldenpages.bg. 3. Ubucuruzi bwa Bulugariya - Ububiko buzwi cyane kuri interineti butanga amakuru ku nzego zitandukanye nk'ubukerarugendo, ubucuruzi, na serivisi muri Bulugariya. Urashobora kuyisanga kuri www.bulgariadirectory.com. 4. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Sofiya - Nkumurwa mukuru wa Buligariya, Sofiya ifite ububiko bwihariye bwurupapuro rwumuhondo rwibanda kubucuruzi na serivisi byaho muri Sofiya. Sura kuri www.sofiayellowpages.com kugirango ubone ubu bubiko. 5. Ububiko bwa Pegasus - Pegasus ni urubuga rwa interineti rutanga urutonde rwubucuruzi rwuzuye mu nganda zitandukanye muri Bulugariya. Shakisha ibisobanuro birambuye kuri pegasus-bg.org. 6. BULSOCIAL Impapuro z'umuhondo - Ububiko bwihariye bwerekana urutonde rwibigo bikora ibikorwa byimibereho cyangwa bitanga serivisi zubuzima nkubuvuzi cyangwa uburezi urashobora kubisanga kuri bulyellow.net/bulsocial/. 7. Ubuyobozi bwa Varadinum Umuhondo Melonidae (Muri Bulugariya: Врадински Златен Атлас на Мелоидиите) kabuhariwe cyane cyane mu bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi kimwe n’imishinga yo mu cyaro mu gihugu - http://www.varadinum.net Ububiko bwurupapuro rwumuhondo burimo amakuru yingirakamaro nkamakuru arambuye (aderesi, numero za terefone), imbuga za interineti (niba zihari), hamwe nibisobanuro byerekeranye namasosiyete cyangwa abatanga serivise mubice bitandukanye birimo kwakira abashyitsi, gucuruza, ubuvuzi, imitungo itimukanwa, ubwikorezi nibindi, bishobora fasha abaturage baho ndetse nabashyitsi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye muri Bulugariya.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Muri Bulugariya, hari urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi aho ushobora kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kumurongo. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. eMAG (www.emag.bg): Umwe mu bacuruzi benshi kuri interineti muri Bulugariya, atanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, n'ibindi. 2. Technomarket (www.technomarket.bg): Gutanga ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka TV, telefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo. 3. Mall.bg (www.mall.bg): Gutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva kuri electronics kugeza kubicuruzwa byo murugo kugeza kumyambarire. 4. AliExpress (aliexpress.com): Isoko mpuzamahanga rizwi cyane ryohereza muri Bulugariya hamwe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye kubiciro byapiganwa. 5. Оzone.bg (www.ozone.bg): Ububiko bwibitabo kumurongo butanga kandi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikinisho, ibicuruzwa byiza nibindi byinshi. 6. Asos.com: Azwiho kwerekana imideli igezweho kubagabo n'abagore harimo imyenda, ibikoresho, n'inkweto. 7. Технополис: Yibanze ku kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka mudasobwa, ibikoresho bifata amajwi n'amashusho n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo 8. З з 24: Yinzobere mugurisha ibicuruzwa byo murugo nkibikoresho byo mu nzu Ibikoresho byo hanze Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa kuri e-ubucuruzi bukuru bwa e-ubucuruzi muri Bulugariya aho ushobora guhaha byoroshye uhereye kumurugo wawe cyangwa ahantu hose ufite umurongo wa interineti!

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Bulugariya, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga. Dore bimwe bizwi: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) - Facebook ni urubuga rukoreshwa cyane muri Buligariya. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti, gusangira ibishya n'amafoto, guhuza amatsinda, no kuvugana binyuze mukiganiro cyangwa guhamagara kuri videwo. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com) - Instagram nubundi buryo bukunzwe mubanya Bulugariya gusangira amafoto na videwo ngufi nabayoboke babo. Itanga kandi ibintu nkinkuru na IGTV kubintu byinshi bikurura. 3. LinkedIn (www. 4. Vbox7 (www. 5. Netlog (www.netlog.bg) - Netlog ni urubuga ruhuza abantu benshi bo muri Bulugariya rwemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti cyangwa abantu bashya hafi yinyungu zisangiwe. 6 Filime (diemaonline.bg), nibindi. 7. Umuryango wa LiveJournal Bulgariya (blog.livejournal.bg/) - LiveJournal ifite umuryango ukora muri Bulugariya uha abakoresha ubushobozi bwo gukora blog ku giti cyabo cyangwa kwitabira ibiganiro kuri blog zihari ku ngingo zitandukanye kuva mubuzima ndetse na politiki. 8.Twitter (https://twitter.com/Bulgaria) - Twitter ikora nk'urubuga rwo kuvugurura amakuru aturuka mu mashyirahamwe atandukanye cyangwa abantu ba rubanda ruherereye muri Bulugariya agaragaza ingingo zigenda zifata igihugu. Izi nizo ngero zimwe gusa zimbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa n’Abanyabuligariya. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko hashobora kuba hari andi mahuriro meza cyangwa urubuga rugaragara ruzwi mu matsinda cyangwa uturere twihariye muri Bulugariya.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Bulugariya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi. Ifite ubukungu butandukanye hamwe ninganda nyinshi zikomeye. Kurutonde hano ni amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Bulugariya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Bulugariya (BCCI) - Umuryango wa kera uhagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwa Bulugariya mu nzego zose. Urubuga: https://www.bcci.bg/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ryibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (ASME) - Yerekana inyungu zinganda nto n'iziciriritse muri Bulugariya. Urubuga: http://www.asme-bg.org/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda muri Bulugariya (BIA) - Umuryango ukora mu guteza imbere inganda, guhanga udushya, no kwihangira imirimo. Urubuga: https://bia-bg.com/en 4. Urugereko rw'abubatsi bo muri Bulugariya (BCC) - Yerekana amasosiyete y'ubwubatsi, abashoramari, abubatsi, abubatsi, n'abandi banyamwuga mu nganda zubaka. Urubuga: https://bcc.bg/en 5. Ishyirahamwe ryamasosiyete yikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (AITC) - Yerekana ibigo bikorera mu rwego rwa IT muri Bulugariya. Urubuga: http://aitcbg.org/ 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’amahoteri n’aba Restaurateurs bo muri Bulugariya (BHRA) - Urwego ruhagarariye inganda n’amahoteri muri Bulugariya. Urubuga: https://www.bg-urubuga.net/thbhra/index_en.php 7. Buligariya Ingufu Zifata EAD (BEH) - Isosiyete ifitwe na leta igenzura inganda nyinshi zijyanye n’ingufu zirimo kubyara amashanyarazi, kohereza, gukwirakwiza, n'ibindi. Urubuga: http://www.bgenh.com/index.php?lang=en 8. Ihuriro ry’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki Microelectronics Amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi (UElectroSrediza) - Ishyirahamwe rihagarariye amashyirahamwe agira uruhare mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ubuhanga bw’amashanyarazi. Urubuga: http://uems-bg.org/en/ Nyamuneka menya ko urutonde rutuzuye kuko hariho andi mashyirahamwe menshi yinganda zikorera mumirenge cyangwa uturere muri Bulugariya

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Bulugariya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi, kizwiho amateka akomeye n’umurage ndangamuco. Igihugu gifite imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru kubyerekeye amahirwe yubucuruzi, ibishoboka mu ishoramari, n’imibare y’ubucuruzi. Hano hari zimwe murubuga zizwi cyane mubukungu nubucuruzi muri Bulugariya hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ishoramari rya Buligariya - Iki kigo cya leta kigamije gukurura ishoramari mu gihugu gitanga amakuru ku nganda zitandukanye, ibitera inkunga, n'imishinga ishora imari. - URL: https://www.investbg.ubutegetsi.bg/en/ 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Bulugariya - Urugereko ruhagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwa Bulugariya haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga binyuze mu gutanga amahirwe yo guhuza imiyoboro, kugisha inama ubucuruzi, ubushakashatsi ku isoko, n'ibindi. - URL: https://www.bcci.bg/?lang=en 3. Minisiteri yubukungu - Urubuga rwemewe rutanga ibisobanuro kuri politiki yubukungu yashyizwe mu bikorwa muri Bulugariya hamwe namakuru agezweho ajyanye n’imirenge itandukanye. - URL: http://www.mi.ubutegetsi.bg/en/ 4. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare - Iki kigo gitanga amakuru y’imibare yerekeye ibintu bitandukanye by’ubukungu bwa Bulugariya harimo umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa GDP, igipimo cy’akazi, igipimo cy’ifaranga, n'ibindi. - URL: https://www.nsi.bg/en 5. Ububiko bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Bulugariya - Ububiko bwa interineti aho ushobora gusanga urutonde rwabahereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Bulugariya bitondekanye ninganda. - URL: http://bulgaria-export.com/ 6. Shora Sofiya - Ikigo gishinzwe ishoramari cya Sofiya cyorohereza ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga mu murwa mukuru wa Sofiya ndetse rikanatanga amakuru arambuye yerekeye kuhakorera ubucuruzi. - URL: https://investsofia.com/en/ 7. Uruganda rw’ibihugu by’i Burayi-Buligariya - Igice kinini cy’ibihugu by’i Burayi biteza imbere ibikorwa mpuzamahanga mu bucuruzi buciriritse bitanga serivisi zihuza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga cyangwa amahirwe yo kohereza ikoranabuhanga. - URL: https://een.ec.europa.eu/about/amashami / bulgariya Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byagaciro kubantu nubucuruzi bashaka amakuru kubyerekeye ubukungu bwa Bulugariya, amahirwe yo gushora imari, amabwiriza yubucuruzi, n’imibare y’ubucuruzi. Birasabwa gushakisha izindi mbuga kugirango ukusanye amakuru yihariye ukurikije inyungu zawe cyangwa intego zawe.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi ushobora gusangamo amakuru yubucuruzi muri Bulugariya. Dore bimwe muri byo: 1. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Bulugariya (NSI): - Urubuga: https://www.nsi.bg/en - NSI itanga imibare yuzuye y'ibarurishamibare, harimo imibare y’ubucuruzi, ku gihugu. Bafite igice cyabigenewe kurubuga rwabo aho ushobora kubona amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi. 2. Banki nkuru y’igihugu cya Bulugariya (BNB): - Urubuga: https://www.bnb.bg - BNB ni banki nkuru ya Bolgariya kandi batanga ibipimo bitandukanye byubukungu, harimo imibare yubucuruzi. Urashobora kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’amafaranga yishyuwe kurubuga rwabo. 3. Kwiyandikisha kwa Bulstat: - Urubuga: https://bulstat.registryagency.bg/en - Igitabo cya Bulstat kibikwa n’ikigo gishinzwe iyandikisha muri Bulugariya kandi gitanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru y’isosiyete yemewe yanditswe mu gitabo cy’ubucuruzi cya Bulugariya. Nubwo bitibanda gusa kumibare yubucuruzi, birashobora kuba byiza gushakisha ibigo bifite uruhare mubikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze. 4. Eurostat: - Urubuga: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat - Eurostat ni ibiro by’ibarurishamibare by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bitanga ibipimo bitandukanye by’ubukungu ku bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, harimo na Bulugariya. Urashobora kubona imibare yubucuruzi yuzuye ugereranya ibihugu bitandukanye muburayi ndetse no kwisi yose. 5. Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi (WTO): - Urubuga: https://www.wto.org - WTO itanga imibare y’ubucuruzi ku isi binyuze mu mbuga mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi bw’ibarurishamibare ikubiyemo amakuru agezweho ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga na serivisi z’ubucuruzi zinjira. Wibuke kugenzura imbuga za interineti buri gihe kuko zishobora gutanga amakuru agezweho ku makuru y’ubucuruzi muri Bulugariya.

B2b

Bulugariya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, itanga urubuga rwa B2B rwinshi kugirango ubucuruzi buhuze kandi bufatanye. Izi porogaramu zifasha ibigo byo muri Bulugariya kubona abaterankunga, abatanga ibicuruzwa, n’abakiriya mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi yose. Hano hari urubuga rwa B2B ruzwi muri Bulugariya hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Balkan B2B - Ihuriro ryorohereza ubucuruzi hagati yakarere ka Balkan. Itezimbere imiyoboro hagati yamasosiyete ya Bulugariya nubundi bucuruzi mubihugu nka Romania, Ubugereki, Turukiya, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.balkanb2b.net 2. EUROPAGES - EUROPAGES nisoko rya B2B ryiburayi rifasha ubucuruzi bwa Bulugariya kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga. Iyemerera abaguzi mu nganda zinyuranye kubona byoroshye abatanga Buligariya cyangwa abatanga serivisi nkuko bakeneye. Urubuga: www.europages.com 3. Kwohereza hanze.bg - Kwohereza hanze.bg nubuyobozi bwubucuruzi kumurongo butanga amakuru kubyerekeranye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Bulugariya mubice bitandukanye birimo ubuhinzi, inganda, ikoranabuhanga, nibindi, byorohereza abaguzi b’abanyamahanga kubona abafatanyabikorwa baturuka muri Bulugariya. 4. Bizuma - Bizuma ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwa B2B ku isi hose ruhuza abakora ibicuruzwa, abadandaza, abatanga ibicuruzwa ku isi yose hamwe n’amasosiyete yo muri Bulugariya bashaka amahirwe yo kubona isoko cyangwa amasoko mashya ku bicuruzwa / serivisi. 5.TradeFord.com - TradeFord.com nisoko mpuzamahanga rya B2B aho ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Bulugariya bishobora guhura nabatumiza ibicuruzwa / abaguzi ku isi bifuza kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byakozwe cyangwa bikozwe n’amasosiyete ya Bulugariya. Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe izi mbuga zikoreshwa cyane mubutaka bwa B2B muri Bulugariya mugihe twandika iki gisubizo (Nzeri 2021), ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwiyongereye kuko kuboneka kwa platifomu bishobora guhinduka mugihe cyangwa bishya bishobora kuvuka bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe kubucuruzi bukorera. Bulugariya.
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