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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Kuba, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Cuba, ni igihugu kirwa giherereye mu nyanja ya Karayibe. Nicyo kirwa kinini muri Karayibe kandi gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 110.860. Iki gihugu giherereye mu majyepfo ya Floride muri Amerika. Kuba ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 11.3, ikaba imwe mu bihugu bituwe cyane mu karere ka Karayibe. Umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini ni Havana ifite imico myiza yubatswe hamwe nubukoroni. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa muri Cuba ni icyesipanyoli, kandi ifaranga ryarwo ryitwa Cuban Peso (CUP). Nyamara, hari amafaranga abiri atandukanye akorera icyarimwe: Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC) ikoreshwa cyane cyane nabakerarugendo nubucuruzi bwamahanga. Azwiho amateka akomeye n'umurage utandukanye w’umuco, Cuba ifite uruvangitirane rw’abasangwabutaka, ubukoloni bwa Esipanye, imigenzo nyafurika yazanwe n'abacakara, ndetse n'umuco wa pop w'Abanyamerika kubera ko wegereye Amerika. Uru ruvange rutanga umwirondoro udasanzwe wo muri Cuba ushobora kugaragara binyuze muburyo bwa muzika nka salsa na rumba cyangwa guhamwa mugihe cyibirori gakondo nka Carnival. Ubukungu bwa Cuba bushingiye cyane ku nganda nk’ubuhinzi (umusaruro w’ibisheke), serivisi z’ubukerarugendo, imiti yohereza mu mahanga, n’ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro cyane cyane gutunganya nikel. Nubwo ihura n’ibibazo by’ubukungu kubera inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zashyizweho n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe nka Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika mu myaka mirongo ishize, iki gihugu kiracyafite gahunda y’uburezi ku buntu harimo na kaminuza zo mu mashuri makuru nta kiguzi ku banyeshuri, ndetse n’ubuvuzi rusange bugera ku baturage bose nta kiguzi. Ku bijyanye n’ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa, Cuba itanga inyanja nziza n’amazi meza asukuye ku nkombe z’inyanja, imijyi yuzuyemo imyubakire y’abakoloni irimo amazu ndangamurage y’isi ya UNESCO nka Old Havana, imirima y’itabi izwiho gukora sigari zizwi cyane zo muri Cuba, parike z’igihugu zitanga ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije amahirwe, n'imodoka za vintage ziracyazerera mumihanda zitera uburambe bwuzuye nostalgia.Uruzinduko rwa Cuba rutanga amahirwe kubagenzi gutembera ahantu nyaburanga, ahakorerwa umuziki, imurikagurisha ryiza, iminsi mikuru yumuco, nibitangaza nyaburanga, mugihe banishimira ubushyuhe bwabaturage bacyo. n'umuco waho ufite imbaraga.

Kuba ni igihugu giherereye muri Karayibe, kandi ifaranga ryacyo ni Cuban ihinduranya peso (CUC). Guverinoma ya Cuba yashyizeho CUC mu 1994 kugirango isimbuze ikoreshwa ry'amafaranga y'amahanga yari yiganje muri kiriya gihe. Ifaranga ryakoreshejwe cyane cyane na ba mukerarugendo n’abanyamahanga basuye Cuba. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko mu gihugu hari amafaranga abiri atandukanye azenguruka mu gihugu: CUC na Cuban peso (CUP). Mugihe byombi byemewe n'amategeko, bifite indangagaciro zitandukanye. CUC imwe ihwanye na 25 Cuban pesos. CUC ikoreshwa cyane na ba mukerarugendo mubikorwa bitandukanye nko kuguma muri hoteri, kurya muri resitora, guhaha kumaduka yo hejuru, hamwe nizindi serivisi zigenewe abashyitsi mpuzamahanga. Ifite agaciro kari hejuru ugereranije na Cuban peso kandi ihuzwa neza n'amadorari y'Amerika. Ku rundi ruhande, abaturage baho bakoresha cyane cyane Cuban pesos mubikorwa byabo bya buri munsi. Ibi birimo kugura ibiribwa kumasoko yaho, kwishyura ibiciro byubwikorezi rusange, cyangwa kwishora mubacuruzi bo mumuhanda bagurisha ibicuruzwa byaguzwe mumafaranga yaho. Twabibutsa ko hari gahunda zikomeje gukorwa na guverinoma ya Cuba kugira ngo ikureho ubwo buryo bw’amafaranga abiri kandi igere kuri gahunda ihuriweho n’ifaranga. Nubwo nta gihe ntarengwa cyashyizweho kuri iri hinduka, gishobora kugira ingaruka ku baturage ndetse na ba mukerarugendo basura Cuba. Kugeza ubu, iyo ugiye muri Cuba nkumukerarugendo cyangwa ukora ibikorwa byubukungu mu gihugu nkumushyitsi mpuzamahanga cyangwa umuturage utuye mu mahanga, ni ngombwa kumenya aya mafranga yombi atandukanye - cyane cyane CUC ikoreshwa mubanyamahanga ugereranije no gukoresha pesos zaho niba zikorana hamwe nabenegihugu kugura cyangwa serivisi zimwe.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Cuba ni Cuban Peso (CUP). Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko Cuba ikoresha ikindi gice cyamafaranga, Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC), ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa mpuzamahanga. Kubyerekeye igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’amafaranga akomeye ku isi arwanya ifaranga rya Cuba, nyamuneka andika amakuru akurikira (kugirango ubone): - Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’amadolari y’Amerika muri Cuban ihinduranya Peso ni hafi 1 US $ = 1 CUC. - Igipimo cyo kuvunja amayero muri Cuba ihindurwa peso ni hafi 1 Euro = 1.18 CUC. - Igipimo cyivunjisha ryama pound yu Bwongereza kuri Cuba ihinduranya peso ni hafi pound 1 = 1.31 CUC. Nyamuneka menya ko kubera ihindagurika ry’ivunjisha hamwe n’itandukaniro rito rishoboka hagati y’ibigo by’imari bitandukanye, amakuru yavuzwe haruguru ni ayerekeye gusa. Kumakuru yukuri kandi agezweho yamakuru yo kuvunja, nyamuneka saba banki yiwanyu cyangwa serivise ya Forex.

Kuba, igihugu gifite umuco muri Karayibe, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru itari mike umwaka wose. Ibi birori byerekana amateka akomeye, imigenzo itandukanye, hamwe nishema ryigihugu cya Cuba. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye ya Cuba ni umunsi wubwigenge ku ya 20 Gicurasi. Uyu munsi urizihiza isabukuru y’uko Cuba yabonye ubwigenge muri Espagne mu 1902. Muri ibyo birori harimo parade, ibitaramo bya muzika byerekana injyana ya muzika gakondo yo muri Cuba nka salsa n'umuhungu, ndetse no kwerekana imiriro. Nibihe bishimishije aho abantu bahurira hamwe kugirango bibuke ubwisanzure bwigihugu cyabo. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi muri Cuba ni umunsi w'impinduramatwara ku ya 26 Nyakanga. Iyi minsi mikuru yibuka itangira rya Revolution yo muri Cuba iyobowe na Fidel Castro mu 1953 kurwanya umunyagitugu Fulgencio Batista. Hateguwe ibirori bitandukanye mu gihugu hose kugirango bizihize iki gikorwa cyamateka, nka parade ya gisirikare igaragaza umwuka ukomeye w’impinduramatwara ya Cuba ndetse n’imurikagurisha ndangamuco ryerekana impano z’ubuhanzi. Carnival kandi ni kimwe mu bigize umuco wa Cuba wizihizwa mu ntara nyinshi muri Nyakanga na Kanama buri mwaka. Ibirori birimo ibarabara ryamabara yo mumuhanda hamwe nimyambarire irambuye hamwe nibireremba biherekejwe numuziki ufite imbaraga n'imbyino nka rumba cyangwa conga. Carnival ikubiyemo umwuka ushimishije wimigenzo ya Cuba mugihe uteza imbere ubumwe mubaturage. Byongeye kandi, Noheri ifite akamaro gakomeye kubanya Cuba kubera imizi y’amadini hamwe n’imigenzo idasanzwe yatewe n’umuco nyafurika na Karayibe. Abantu bizihiza Nochebuena (Noheri ya Noheri) hamwe nibirori birimo ibiryo gakondo nkingurube zokeje (lechón) ziherekejwe na yuca con mojo (yuca hamwe na sosi ya tungurusumu). Imiryango iraterana mu gicuku cya misa ikurikirwa nibikorwa byiminsi mikuru harimo ibitaramo bya muzika bishushanya umwuka mwiza wa Noheri. Indi minsi mikuru izwi harimo umunsi mushya (1 Mutarama), umunsi w'abakozi (1 Gicurasi), umunsi w'intsinzi (2 Mutarama), mu bindi byizihizwa mu gihugu cyangwa mu karere. Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo ari amahirwe gusa kubanya Cuba kugirango bagaragaze umurage wabo wumuco ahubwo inakurura ba mukerarugendo bashaka uburambe bwimbitse mumigenzo ikomeye yigihugu. Iminsi mikuru ikomeye ya Cuba iragaragaza amateka akomeye y'igihugu, kwihangana, n'umwuka ukomeje gushishikariza abaturage bayo.

Kuba ni igihugu giherereye mu karere ka Karayibe, kizwiho gahunda yihariye ya politiki n'ubukungu. Igihugu cyahuye n’ibibazo bitandukanye bijyanye n’ubucuruzi kubera politiki y’abasosiyalisiti n’umubano w’amateka n’ibindi bihugu. Umufatanyabikorwa w’ibanze w’ubucuruzi wa Cuba ni Venezuwela, ikaba ifite igice kinini cy’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyakora, ihungabana rya politiki n’ubukungu muri Venezuwela ryagize ingaruka ku mibanire y’ubucuruzi ya Cuba n’uyu mufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi. Mu myaka yashize, Cuba yibanze ku gutandukanya abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu bucuruzi hagamijwe kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku gihugu kimwe. Yashimangiye umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu nk’Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Espagne, Kanada, Mexico, Burezili, na Vietnam. Ibi bihugu byabaye isoko y’ishoramari n’ikoranabuhanga mu mahanga mu bukungu bwa Cuba. Cuba yohereza ibicuruzwa cyane cyane nk'amabuye y'agaciro ya nikel hamwe na concentrated, ibikomoka ku itabi (cyane cyane sigari), ibikomoka ku buvuzi (harimo na farumasi), ibikomoka ku isukari (nka molase n'isukari mbisi), ibiryo byo mu nyanja (nk'amafi yuzuye amafi), imbuto za citrusi (nk'amacunga), ikawa ibishyimbo, rum, ubuki, nibindi. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bifasha kwinjiza igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, Cuba yishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bikemure ibikenerwa mu gihugu ku bicuruzwa by'ingenzi bidashobora kubyara mu karere.Ibyo birimo ibikomoka kuri peteroli, bikabafasha mu masezerano bagiranye na Venezuela, n'ibiribwa nk'ingano, ibigori, amata, na soya. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. zagize uruhare runini cyane kubera umusaruro muke w’ubuhinzi uterwa nimpamvu nkubuhanga bwo guhinga butajyanye n'igihe, kubura amikoro, abahinzi bake, n’ibiza byibasiye ibihingwa.Mu kongera ivugurura ry’ubuhinzi, Cuba igamije kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu gihe runaka. Kubera ubu Ibihano by'Amerika byafashwe hashingiwe ku itegeko rya Helms-Burton, ibicuruzwa byo muri Cuba ntibishobora kugera ku masoko yo muri Amerika mu buryo bwuzuye, bikavamo amahirwe make. Uruhare rw’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga rukomeje kuba imbogamizi kubera izo mbogamizi. Mu gusoza, Cuba ihura n’ibibazo byinshi bijyanye n’ubucuruzi ariko irimo gushyira ingufu mu gutandukanya ubufatanye bwayo. Abayobozi ba Cuba bakomeje gukora ibishoboka ngo bagure inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu gihe bateza imbere urwego rw’ubuhinzi mu gihugu kugira ngo bagabanye gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.

Cuba, iherereye muri Karayibe, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kubera imiterere yihariye ya politiki n'ubukungu, Cuba itanga amahirwe atandukanye kubashoramari n'abanyamahanga bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ubwa mbere, Cuba ifite aho iherereye hagati ya Amerika ya ruguru na Amerika y'Epfo. Ibi bituma iba ihuriro ryubucuruzi hagati yuturere. Ibyambu bifitanye isano n’igihugu bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera muri Amerika no mu Burayi, byorohereza ubucuruzi n’amasoko menshi. Icya kabiri, Cuba ifite umutungo kamere nka nikel, ibisheke, itabi, ikawa, nibiryo byo mu nyanja. Ibikoresho bishobora koherezwa hanze kugirango bikemuke ku isi. Kurugero, cigara ya Cuba irashakishwa cyane kwisi yose kubera ubwiza nubukorikori. Icya gatatu, Cuba ifite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanga mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo serivisi z'ubuvuzi na biotechnologie. Inzobere mu buvuzi mu gihugu zamenyekanye ku isi yose kubera ubuhanga bwabo. Kubera ko serivisi zita ku buzima bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikomeje kwiyongera ku isi hose, Cuba ishobora gushakisha uburyo bwo kohereza mu mahanga ubumenyi bw’ubuvuzi binyuze mu bufatanye cyangwa gushinga amavuriro mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Inganda z’ubukerarugendo za Cuba ziratera imbere byihuse kuva aho umubano w’Amerika usanzwe mu myaka yashize. Kwiyongera kwabakerarugendo bitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwamahanga gushora mumahoteri, resitora, na serivisi zitwara abantu. Inganda zijyanye n'ubukerarugendo zitanga amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere kuko abashyitsi benshi baturutse hirya no hino bavumbuye icyo Cuba itanga. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo izo mbogamizi zishobora kubaho ibibazo bikwiye kubintu bimwe nkuburyo buke kubigo byinguzanyo, sisitemu yuburenganzira bwumutungo, hamwe na bureaucracy. Izi mbogamizi zigomba gukemurwa n’abayobozi bombi ba Cuba bashishikariza ivugurura n'abashobora kuba abafatanyabikorwa b'abanyamahanga gushora imari muri iri soko. Mu gusoza, umutungo kamere wa Cuba utandukanye, ahantu hateganijwe, inganda zikomeye zubukerarugendo, hamwe nabakozi bafite ubumenyi bugaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye kugirango iterambere ryisoko.Nyamara, ni ngombwa kugirango ababishaka babyumve neza Umuco, politiki, amabwiriza mbere yo kwinjira mubucuruzi. Mu gihe ivugurura rikomeje, igihugu gifite amasezerano nk’isoko rigenda ryiyongera rifite amahirwe y’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari.

Guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa cyane ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rya Cuba bisaba ubushakashatsi bwitondewe ku isoko no gusobanukirwa n’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Hano hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibicuruzwa kumasoko ya Cuba: 1. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga: Sobanukirwa n’amabwiriza yatumijwe muri Cuba n’ibibuza kwirinda guhitamo ibicuruzwa bishobora guhura n’inzitizi cyangwa ibiciro biri hejuru. Wibande ku bicuruzwa bikenewe kandi bifite aho bigarukira. 2. Uburyo bwo gukoresha: Gusesengura ingeso yo gukoresha yabaturage ba Cuba kugirango umenye ibyiciro byibicuruzwa bikenewe cyane. Reba ibicuruzwa byingenzi nkibiryo, imyambaro, imiti, nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. 3. Ibyifuzo byumuco: Wubahe umuco wa Cuba na societe utanga ibicuruzwa bihuye nibyo bakunda. Reba gukunda umuziki, ubuhanzi, ibikoresho bya siporo, ubukorikori gakondo, sigari, nibihuha. 4. Ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa: Cuba igenda yerekeza ku masoko y’ingufu zisukuye kubera ko yiyemeje kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Shakisha amahirwe muri tekinoroji yingufu zishobora kubaho nka panneaux solaire cyangwa turbine. 5.Ibikoresho byo guhuza interineti: Mugihe interineti igenda yaguka muri Cuba, hagenda hakenerwa ibikoresho nka terefone zigendanwa, tableti, router / modem cyangwa ibikoresho bijyanye. 6.Ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije: Hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije ku isi hose, Abanya Cuba na bo bashima ibintu bitangiza ibidukikije birimo ibikoresho bipakira ibinyabuzima, imyenda ya vintage, ikawa y’ubucuruzi bwiza cyangwa umusaruro w’ibinyabuzima 7.Ibikoresho byita ku buzima / ibikoresho: Urwego rwubuzima rukenera ibikoresho byubuvuzi nka masike, gants, ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu (cyane cyane mugihe cyibyorezo), imiti, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, ibitanda byibitaro, nibikoresho byubuvuzi 8.Gutandukanya ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga: Cuba ishingiye cyane ku gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi nk'umuceri, ingano, ibinyomoro, ibigori, amasaka n'ibindi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urashobora gushakisha uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu buhinzi bijyanye n'ibisabwa; 9. Amikoro yuburezi: Cuba ishyira imbere cyane uburezi. Intego yibikoresho byuburezi nkibisoma ibitabo, mudasobwa zigendanwa / ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo mu ishuri, ibikoresho byo kwigira hamwe nibindi kugirango biteze imbere amashuri 10.Ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo: Inganda z’ubukerarugendo za Cuba ziratera imbere byihuse. Shakisha amahirwe yo gutanga ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo ku mucanga (mato yoga, igitambaro), urwibutso, ubukorikori bwaho n’ibindi bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo. Ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze ku isoko, gushyiraho umubano ukomeye mu bucuruzi na bagenzi babo, no kubahiriza amabwiriza kugira ngo isoko ry’ubucuruzi ry’amahanga rya Cuba rigerweho.

Kuba, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Cuba, ni igihugu kidasanzwe giherereye muri Karayibe. Ifite ibiranga abakiriya byihariye na kirazira z'umuco abashyitsi bagomba kumenya. Ku bijyanye n'ibiranga abakiriya, Abanya Cuba bazwiho kwakira abashyitsi na kamere nziza. Muri rusange ni abagenzi kandi bakira ba mukerarugendo. Abanya Cuba bashima ikinyabupfura, ni ngombwa rero gusuhuza abantu kumwenyura no kwerekana ko bubaha imigenzo n'imigenzo yabo. Umuryango wa Cuba uha agaciro gakomeye umubano wihariye, bisobanura no mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Kubaka ikizere no gushiraho isano yihariye nibyingenzi mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Cuba. Gufata umwanya wo kujya mubiganiro bito mbere yo kuganira kubibazo byubucuruzi birashobora kugera kure mukubaka rapport. Ariko, ni ngombwa kandi kumenya kirazira z'umuco muri Cuba. Kirazira imwe nyamukuru ishingiye ku biganiro bya politiki. Nkigihugu cyabakomunisiti, kunegura rubanda cyangwa ibitekerezo bibi kuri politiki birashobora kubonwa ko ari agasuzuguro cyangwa ibitutsi kubanya Cuba benshi. Nibyiza kwirinda kwishora mubiganiro bya politiki keretse iyo bitangijwe nabenegihugu. Iyobokamana naryo rifite uruhare runini mu muco wa Cuba, bityo kubaha imyizerere ishingiye ku idini ni ngombwa. Abashyitsi bagomba kuzirikana kudasebya cyangwa gusuzugura imigenzo iyo ari yo yose y'idini bahura na yo mugihe cyabo. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa ko ba mukerarugendo bo muri Cuba batarenga imipaka iyo bashakisha aho batuye cyangwa bafotora abantu nta ruhushya. Kubaha ubuzima bwite no gusaba uruhushya mbere yo gufata amashusho yabantu cyangwa imitungo yabo byerekana ikinyabupfura gikwiye. Muncamake, gusobanukirwa bimwe byingenzi biranga abakiriya biranga Cuba bizamura uburambe bwawe mugihe usuye iki gihugu cyiza. Kugira ikinyabupfura, kubaka umubano bwite ushingiye ku kwizerana, kwirinda ibiganiro bya politiki keretse bitangijwe nabenegihugu, kubaha imyizerere y’amadini n’ibanga byose ni ibintu byingenzi byo guhura n’abakiriya ba Cuba neza.

Kuba ni igihugu cyo muri Karayibe kizwiho umuco wihariye hamwe n’inyanja nziza. Kimwe n'ibindi bihugu, Cuba ifite amategeko n'amabwiriza ya gasutamo abashyitsi bagomba kubahiriza igihe binjira kandi basohoka mu gihugu. Ukigera muri Cuba, abashyitsi bose basabwa kunyura mu igenzura ry’abinjira. Ibi bikubiyemo kwerekana pasiporo yawe yemewe, viza (niba bishoboka), no kuzuza urupapuro rwabugenewe rutangwa nabayobozi. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko pasiporo yawe ifite agaciro byibuze amezi atandatu kurenza umunsi wagenewe kugenda. Amabwiriza ya gasutamo muri Cuba abuza kuzana ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu gihugu cyangwa kubyohereza hanze nta ruhushya. Ibi bintu bibujijwe birimo ibiyobyabwenge, imbunda n’amasasu, ibintu byerekana porunogarafiya, ibisasu, imbuto, imboga, ibimera, inyamaswa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byabo nta byangombwa biboneye by’inzego zibishinzwe. Ni ngombwa kumenyera izo mbogamizi mbere yo gukora ingendo kugirango wirinde ingorane zose mugihe cyurugendo rwawe. Kuba ifite amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye kwinjiza amafaranga. Abashyitsi bemerewe kuzana amafaranga atagira imipaka y’amafaranga mpuzamahanga mu gihugu ariko bagomba gutangaza amafaranga ayo ari yo yose arenga 5.000 yo muri Cuba ahinduka (CUC). CUC ingana agaciro k'idolari rya Amerika kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane na ba mukerarugendo muri Cuba. Ariko, ni ngombwa kutitiranya CUC na Cuban pesos (CUP), ikoreshwa cyane nabenegihugu mubikorwa bya buri munsi. Nubwo kuva muri Cuba bidashobora gukomera nk’ibindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe bya gasutamo ku isi, biracyakenewe kubahiriza amategeko yabo iyo bagiye. Iyo uhagurutse ku bibuga by’indege bya Cuba cyangwa ku byambu, abagenzi barashobora kongera kugenzurwa na gasutamo aho bazakenera inyemezabwishyu yerekana ibyo waguze byose muri Cuba ku gihe ntarengwa cyagenwe n’amategeko ya Cuba. Buri gihe ni byiza ko abagenzi basura igihugu icyo aricyo cyose cy’amahanga bakora ubushakashatsi kandi bakumva amategeko y’ibanze mbere yo gutangira urugendo rwabo - bifasha kubahiriza amabwiriza mu gihe hirindwa ingorane zishobora kuvuka bitewe no kutamenya imikorere ya gasutamo. Kumenya aya mategeko no kumenya neza ko ayakurikiza, abashyitsi barashobora kwishimira uburambe kandi butaruhije muri Cuba.

Cuba, nkigihugu cy’abasosiyaliste, yashyizeho politiki yihariye y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Cuba igamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no guteza imbere kwihaza mu gushyiraho imisoro ihanitse ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye. Igipimo cy’amahoro yatumijwe muri Cuba muri rusange gishingiye ku gaciro ka gasutamo y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Ibiciro birashobora gutandukana bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa ninkomoko yabyo. Byongeye kandi, Cuba yashyize mu bikorwa amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byemerera kugabanya cyangwa zeru ku bicuruzwa byihariye. Cuba isora cyane ibicuruzwa byiza nka elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibinyabiziga, n'imyambaro yabugenewe. Ibi bikoresho akenshi bifite inyongera zingana na 100% cyangwa zirenga, bigatuma bihenze cyane kubakoresha Cuba. Ibikenerwa nk’ibiribwa n’ubuvuzi bifite igipimo gito cy’imisoro kuko guverinoma igamije kureba niba bishoboka. Nyamara, nibi bintu byingenzi bitangirwa urwego runaka rwimisoro. Mu myaka yashize, Cuba yashyizeho uburyo bwo gutanga imisoro mu rwego rwo gushishikariza ishoramari mu nzego zimwe na zimwe. Kurugero, abashoramari b’abanyamahanga bagize uruhare mu nganda nk’ubukerarugendo cyangwa ubuhinzi barashobora guhanishwa imisoro cyangwa igiciro cy’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’imashini zijyanye n’imishinga yabo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera gahunda y’ubukungu ya Cuba irangwa n’ubugenzuzi bwa Leta ku bucuruzi no kugera ku bubiko bw’amafaranga y’amahanga, hashobora kubaho andi mabwiriza n’amabwiriza agira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birenze amahoro gusa. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga igaragaza imbaraga zayo mu kwihaza mu gihe hagomba gukenerwa ibikenerwa biva mu mahanga.

Kuba ni igihugu giherereye mu karere ka Karayibe, kandi politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga igira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inganda zo mu gihugu no kwibanda ku kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, Cuba yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye z’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Izi politiki zigamije gushishikariza umusaruro no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byongerera agaciro ubukungu mu gihe bigabanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bigize politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ni uburyo bwo gusoresha butandukanye. Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitangirwa imisoro itandukanye bitewe nubukungu bwabyo nakamaro kayo muri Cuba. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kongerewe cyane nka farumasi, ibikomoka ku ikoranabuhanga ryibinyabuzima, nibikomoka kuri peteroli binonosoye birashobora gutangirwa umusoro muke cyangwa bikasonerwa imisoro burundu. Kurundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa byibanze cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo nkibicuruzwa byubuhinzi cyangwa umutungo kamere bishobora guhura n’imisoro myinshi. Izi ngamba zishishikariza inganda zitunganya inganda n’inganda zibaha inyungu zo guhatanira kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu buryo butaziguye. Byongeye kandi, Cuba itanga kandi imisoro ku bicuruzwa byohereza mu mahanga bakora mu nzego zihariye byagaragaye ko byihutirwa mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Izi nzego zishobora kuba zirimo serivisi z'ubukerarugendo, serivisi z'ubuvuzi zitangwa mu mahanga n'inzobere zo muri Cuba, umusaruro w'itumanaho, n'ibindi. Mugutanga izo nkunga nko gusonerwa imisoro cyangwa kugabanya imisoro ku nyungu ziva mu byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibanze bikurura abashoramari muri utwo turere. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Cuba ishobora guhinduka bitewe n’intego z’ubukungu bw’igihugu ndetse n’isoko mpuzamahanga. Birasabwa rero ko abashoramari bifuza kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Cuba gukurikiranira hafi ibishya cyangwa impinduka zakozwe n'abayobozi ba Cuba bijyanye na politiki y’imisoro. Muri rusange, binyuze muri gahunda zinyuranye z’imisoro no gushimangira bidasanzwe bihabwa inzego zingenzi zashyizwe imbere intego ziterambere ryigihugu; Kuba igamije gushyiraho ibidukikije birushanwe ku bicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe bica intege ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga.

Kuba ni igihugu cya Karayibe kizwiho umuco wihariye n'amateka. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Cuba ifite ibyangombwa bisabwa byemewe. Ubwa mbere, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Cuba bagomba kubona uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari. Uru ruhushya rusabwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu byemewe n'amategeko. Iremeza ko ibintu byose byoherejwe hanze byubahiriza amabwiriza n’ibipimo byaho. Byongeye kandi, ibyemezo byibicuruzwa byihariye birashobora gukenerwa bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Ibi birimo ibyemezo bijyanye n'ubuzima, umutekano, ubuziranenge, n'ibidukikije. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi birashobora gusaba ibyemezo bya phytosanitarite cyangwa ibyemezo ngenga niba bishoboka. Byongeye kandi, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bashobora gukenera gukurikiza amabwiriza yihariye yo gupakira mugihe bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibikoresho byo gupakira bigomba guhitamo neza hashingiwe ku bipimo mpuzamahanga byo kubungabunga ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gutwara. Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze nabo bagomba gutekereza kurinda umutungo wubwenge kubicuruzwa byabo mbere yo kohereza muri Cuba. Bashobora gukenera kwandikisha ipatanti cyangwa ibimenyetso biranga ibicuruzwa byabo kugirango babuze gukoresha uruhushya cyangwa impimbano. Ubwanyuma, ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Cuba bakomeza kugezwaho amakuru yose ahinduka mumabwiriza yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyangwa amasezerano yubucuruzi ashobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byabo. Buri gihe kugisha inama amashyirahamwe yubucuruzi cyangwa abajyanama mu by'amategeko birashobora gufasha kubahiriza amabwiriza agezweho. Mu gusoza, kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Cuba bikubiyemo kubona uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze no kubahiriza ibyemezo bikenewe hamwe n’ibisabwa bipakira ukurikije amabwiriza yihariye y'ibicuruzwa. Gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru ajyanye n’amategeko agenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ni ingenzi ku mishinga mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi igenda neza muri iki gihugu cy’amabara ya Karayibe.

Kuba, igihugu cy’izinga cya Karayibe kizwiho umuco n’amateka akungahaye, gitanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu bijyanye no gucunga ibikoresho no gucunga amasoko. Hano hari ibyifuzo byo kugendana na logistique ya Cuba. 1. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Logistique baho: Bitewe na bureaucratique igoye muri Cuba, birasabwa gufatanya nabafatanyabikorwa ba logistique baho bafite uburambe bukomeye bukorera mugihugu. Aba bafatanyabikorwa barashobora gutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mumabwiriza yaho, aho ibikorwa remezo bigarukira, hamwe n’umuco bishobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byawe. 2. Inzitizi z’ibikorwa Remezo: Ibikorwa remezo bya Cuba ntabwo byateye imbere mu mateka, bishobora guteza ibibazo mu bijyanye n’ubwikorezi n’ububiko. Witegure umwanya muto wububiko hamwe numuyoboro wogutwara wizewe. Ni ngombwa gutegura mbere no gutegura neza hakiri kare kugirango ibicuruzwa byawe bikorwe neza. 3. Uburyo bwa gasutamo: Ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo bwa Cuba bufite amategeko akomeye yerekeye gutumiza no kohereza hanze. Iyimenyereze hakiri kare cyangwa ushake ubufasha kubakoresha ubunararibonye cyangwa abatumbereza bashobora kugufasha kugendana ningorabahizi zimpapuro nibisabwa. 4. Guhitamo icyambu: Mugihe wohereza ibicuruzwa muri Cuba cyangwa biva muri Cuba, tekereza witonze guhitamo ibyambu ukurikije aho ukomoka / aho ujya nuburyo bukoreshwa mugutwara imizigo. Ibyambu nka Havana (icyambu kinini) cyangwa Mariel (ihuriro rigenda ryiyongera) bitanga ibikorwa remezo byiza ugereranije nibindi byambu bito. 5. Ububiko bugenzurwa nubushyuhe: Urebye ikirere gishyuha cya Cuba gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, tekereza gukoresha ibisubizo byububiko bugenzurwa nubushyuhe kubintu byangirika nkibicuruzwa byibiribwa cyangwa imiti mugihe cyo gutambuka / kubika mu gihugu. 6. Gucunga ibarura: Kubera kuboneka ibicuruzwa mu gihugu imbere, gukomeza uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa biba ingenzi kubucuruzi bukorera ku isoko rya Cuba. Hindura uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko uteganya neza ibyifuzo mugihe uteganya ibihe byambere mugutumiza ibicuruzwa mugihugu. 7.Ibitekerezo bya Politiki / Ubukungu: Kurikirana impinduka zose za politiki cyangwa ubukungu zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire y’ubucuruzi hagati ya Cuba n’ibindi bihugu. Urugero, umubano w’Amerika na Cuba, wagaragaje ihindagurika mu myaka yashize. Komeza umenyeshe ibihano byose byavuguruwe cyangwa politiki yubucuruzi kugirango uhindure ingamba zawe. Mu gusoza, gukorera mubikoresho bya Cuba bisaba kwitegura neza no gukorana nabafatanyabikorwa babimenyereye. Urebye imbogamizi z’ibikorwa remezo, inzira za gasutamo, ibikenerwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe, hamwe n’ibintu bya geopolitiki, urashobora kuzamura imikorere no kwizerwa by’ibikorwa byawe bitanga muri iki gihugu cyihariye.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Kuba, nk'igihugu gifite umurage ndangamuco gakondo hamwe n’ahantu heza muri Karayibe, gikurura inyungu mpuzamahanga ku bicuruzwa byihariye. Itanga imiyoboro inyuranye n’imurikagurisha kubaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha no guteza imbere ubufatanye mubucuruzi. Imwe mumiyoboro yingenzi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza nabatanga Cuba ni mubutumwa bwubucuruzi nibikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa. Izi gahunda zateguwe n’ibigo bya leta bya Cuba ndetse n’inzego z’ubucuruzi z’amahanga kugira ngo byorohereze imikoranire itaziguye hagati y’abagurisha n’abaguzi. Batanga urubuga rwo kuganira kumahirwe yubufatanye, kuganira kumasezerano, no gushiraho umubano muremure. Byongeye kandi, Cuba yitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ingenzi ry’ubucuruzi rikora nk'imurikagurisha rikomeye ku bicuruzwa byaryo: 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Havana (FIHAV): Iri murikagurisha ngarukamwaka ni rimwe mu imurikagurisha rinini ry’imirenge myinshi muri Cuba, rikurura abamurika imurikagurisha ku isi. Ikubiyemo inzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, gutunganya ibiribwa, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, serivisi z'ubukerarugendo, ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibindi. 2. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubukerarugendo (FITCuba): Kubera ko ubukerarugendo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Cuba, iri murikagurisha ryibanda ku kuzamura Cuba nk’ahantu nyabagendwa ndetse no korohereza umubano w’ubucuruzi ujyanye na serivisi zakira abashyitsi nka hoteri / resitora y’ibikorwa remezo biteza imbere. 3. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubukorikori bwa Havana (Feria Internacional de Artesanía): Iri murika ryerekana ubukorikori gakondo bwakozwe n’abanyabukorikori babishoboye hirya no hino muri Cuba - urubuga rwiza ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ubukorikori budasanzwe burimo ububumbyi, imyenda / ibihangano bikozwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe nk'ibiti cyangwa uruhu. 4. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryibitabo (Feria Internacional del Libro de La Habana): Nimigenzo gakondo yubuvanganzo yashinze imizi mubanditsi bazwi nka Ernest Hemingway cyangwa Jose Martín; iri murikagurisha ritanga amahirwe yo gucukumbura ubuvanganzo bwa Cuba hamwe n’ibiganiro hagati y’abamamaji / abanditsi ku isi - ku bashishikajwe no gusohora ibitabo / ubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, Cuba yashyize mu bikorwa imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi ituma habaho amasoko yo kuri interineti: 1.Binionline.cu: Uru rubuga rwemewe rutanga amakuru kubicuruzwa / serivisi bihari bitangwa nabaguzi ba Cuba. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga barashobora gushakisha imirenge itandukanye hanyuma bakabaza ibigo bijyanye kugirango bakore iperereza cyangwa batange amasoko. 2.Empresas-Cuba.com: Iyobowe n'ikigo cya leta ya Cuba, ikora nk'ubuyobozi bwa interineti bw'abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi muri Cuba. Itanga imyirondoro irambuye yamasosiyete hamwe nubushobozi bwo kohereza hanze hamwe namakuru yamakuru kugirango byorohereze itumanaho ritaziguye hagati yabaguzi n’abagurisha. Mu gusoza, Cuba itanga imiyoboro inyuranye nk’ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi, ibirori byo guhuza, n’imurikagurisha birimo FIHAV, FITCuba, imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubukorikori rya Havana kugira ngo rihuze n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi bwa Cuba nka Binionline.cu na Empresas-Cuba.com rutanga ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo koroshya imikoranire yubucuruzi kure.Ihuriro ryiyi miyoboro ritanga amahirwe menshi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha ibicuruzwa bya Cuba mumirenge itandukanye no gushyiraho ubufatanye bwingirakamaro nabaturage. abatanga isoko.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Cuba hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha zikoreshwa. Dore bike muribi hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. EcuRed (www.ecured.cu): Yakozwe na guverinoma ya Cuba, EcuRed ni encyclopedia kumurongo isa na Wikipedia. Itanga amakuru ku ngingo zitandukanye zijyanye na Cuba n'amateka yayo. 2. Cubaplus (www.cubaplus.com): Iyi moteri ishakisha itanga amakuru cyane cyane kubyerekeye ingendo n'ubukerarugendo muri Cuba. Harimo ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye amahoteri, resitora, ibikurura, nizindi ngingo zingirakamaro kubashyitsi. 3. CUBADEBATE (www.cubadebate.cu): Azwi nk'urubuga ruzwi cyane rw'amakuru yo muri Cuba, CUBADEBATE ikubiyemo ibintu bigezweho, politiki, umuco na siporo muri Cuba. 4. WEBPAC "Felipe Poey" - Isomero Universidad de La Habana: Iyi moteri ishakisha ituma abayikoresha bashobora kubona kataloge ya sisitemu y'ibitabo ya kaminuza ya Havana. Ifasha abanyeshuri n'abashakashatsi kubona ibitabo cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gukusanya kaminuza. 5. Infomed (www.sld.cu/sitios/infomed): Infomed nisoko yingenzi kubashinzwe ubuvuzi nabashakashatsi bo muri Cuba kuko itanga uburyo bwo kubika amakuru yubuvuzi hamwe nandi makuru ajyanye n'ubuzima. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera imbogamizi za interineti no guhuza imiyoboro mike muri Cuba, kugera ku mbuga zimwe na zimwe ziturutse hanze bishobora kugorana rimwe na rimwe. Byongeye kandi, kwishingikiriza kuri moteri zishakisha nka Google cyangwa Bing ntibishobora kuba rusange kubera ko interineti ibujijwe kuboneka mu gihugu. Muri rusange, izi ni zimwe mu mashini zishakisha zikoreshwa n’Abanyakanani kugira ngo bagere ku mutungo wihariye ujyanye n’ibyo bakeneye mu gihugu badashingiye cyane ku mbuga rusange zo ku isi nka Google cyangwa Bing.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Cuba, ububiko bukuru cyangwa "impapuro z'umuhondo" urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwinshi. Izi mbuga za interineti zikora nkibikoresho byingenzi byo gushakisha ubucuruzi, serivisi, namakuru yamakuru. 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo wa Cuba (www.cubayellowpages.com): Uru rubuga rutanga ububiko bwuzuye bwubucuruzi na serivisi mubyiciro bitandukanye nkamacumbi, resitora, ubwikorezi, ubuvuzi, nibindi byinshi. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ubwoko bwubucuruzi cyangwa gushakisha mumirenge itandukanye kugirango babone aho bahurira. 2. Paginas Amarillas de Cuba (www.paginasamarillasdecuba.com): Ubu bubiko bwa interineti butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi butandukanye mu nganda nyinshi zo muri Cuba. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibigo byihariye binjiza ijambo ryibanze cyangwa bagashakisha ibyiciro bitandukanye nkubukerarugendo, ubwubatsi, gucuruza, nibindi byinshi. 3. Bineb Urupapuro rwumuhondo Cubano (www.yellow-pages-cubano.com): Bineb nubundi bubiko bwamapaji yumuhondo buzwi cyane bufasha abakoresha gushakisha byoroshye ubucuruzi na serivisi byaho muri Cuba. Ihuriro rigaragaza ububiko bwuzuye hamwe nibyiciro byinshi byinganda kugirango byoroshye inzira yo gushakisha. 4 Umujyi wa Cuba. 5. Ihuriro ryisi yose - Ubuyobozi bwubucuruzi: Usibye imbuga za page yumuhondo zabigenewe zavuzwe haruguru; amahuza yisi yose nka Google Ikarita (ikarita.google.com), Yelp (www.yelp.com), TripAdvisor (www.tripadvisor.com), cyangwa FourSquare (4sq.com) nayo itanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwa Cuba hamwe nibisobanuro byatanzwe nabakiriya Ububiko butanga amahitamo yo gushungura ibisubizo ukurikije ahantu hamwe nubwoko bwa serivisi ukunda kugirango bifashe abakoresha neza mugushakisha imikoranire yubucuruzi mu turere dutandukanye twigihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Kuba, kuba igihugu cy’abasosiyalisiti gifite interineti nkeya, cyahuye n’ibibazo mu guteza imbere inganda zikomeye za e-bucuruzi. Ariko, hari urubuga rwibanze rwa e-ubucuruzi rukorera mugihugu. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi bwa Cuba hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Ububiko bwa OnCuba: Imwe mumahuriro akomeye yo kugura kumurongo muri Cuba, OnCuba Shop itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambaro, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibiribwa. Urubuga: https://oncubashop.com/ 2. Ububiko bwa interineti bwa Cimex: Bikorwa na societe ya leta CIMEX S.A., Ububiko bwa interineti bwa Cimex butuma abakoresha kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byabaguzi nkibicuruzwa byo murugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibikoresho bya siporo. Urubuga: https://www.tienda.cu/ 3. Ofertone: Iri soko ryo kumurongo ryibanda cyane cyane mugutanga kugabanyirizwa no kuzamurwa kubicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva kuri electronics kugeza kubintu byubwiza nibikoresho byimyenda. Urubuga: http://ofertones.com/ 4 .kurinda.cu / Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mu gihe izo mbuga zibaho mu bucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi bwa Cuba, zishobora kuba zifite aho zigarukira bitewe n’imbogamizi za interineti no kubona uburyo bwo kwishyura nk'amakarita y'inguzanyo cyangwa ubwishyu bwa digitale bukoreshwa ahandi. Nyamuneka uzirikane ko kuboneka no gukora kururu rubuga bishobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye zigira uruhare mubikorwa remezo bya interineti bya Cuba.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Kuba ni igihugu gifite uburyo buke bwo kugera kuri interineti, bigira ingaruka ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zishobora kuboneka muri Cuba. Dore bimwe muri byo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni imwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane ku isi kandi zishobora kuboneka muri Cuba. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, kwinjira mumatsinda, no gukurikira page. 2. Twitter (www. Irashobora kandi kuboneka muri Cuba kandi itanga inzira yo gusangira amakuru, ibitekerezo, no kwishora mubiganiro. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi hamwe nibisobanuro. Yamamaye kwisi yose kandi ifite abakoresha mukoresha muri Cuba. 4. WhatsApp (www. 5. Telegaramu (www.telegram.org): Telegramu ni iyindi porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa isa na WhatsApp ariko itanga ibintu byinshi byihariye nko kuganira mu ibanga kimwe n'ububiko bushingiye ku bicu kububiko bwa dosiye zisangira abakoresha. 6. YouTube (www. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari zimwe mungero zimbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Cuba; ariko, kubera imbogamizi za interineti mugihugu kwinjira birashobora gutandukana mugihe kimwe

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Kuba ni igihugu giherereye muri Karayibe gifite inganda n’amashyirahamwe atandukanye ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Cuba, hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Cuba (Camara de Comercio de Cuba) - Umuryango w’ibanze uhagarariye ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Cuba. Urubuga: http://www.camaracuba.cu/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’abahanga mu bukungu (Asociación Nacional de Economistas de Cuba) - Ihagarariye abahanga mu bukungu kandi iteza imbere ubukungu. Urubuga: https://www.anec.co.cu/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’abahinzi bato (Asociación Nacional de Agricultores Pequeños, ANAP) - Ihagarariye abahinzi bato n'abakozi bashinzwe ubuhinzi. Urubuga: http://www.anap.cu/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda muri Cuba (Asociación Industrial de Cuba, AIC) - Itezimbere iterambere ryinganda mubice bitandukanye nkinganda, ubwubatsi, ubwubatsi. Urubuga: http://aic.cubaindustria.org 5. Ishirahamwe ry’ubukerarugendo mu gihugu cya Cuba (Instituto Cubano del Turismo, ICT) - Itezimbere ibikorwa bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo birimo amahoteri, resitora, ibigo by’ubukerarugendo. Urubuga: https://www.travel2cuba.eu 6. Amashyirahamwe y’ubwishingizi bwa Cuba: i) Isosiyete y'igihugu ishinzwe ubwishingizi bwa Cuba (Empresa Cubana Reaseguradora) Urubuga: https://ecudesa.ecured.cu/ECUREDesa/index.php/Empresa_Cubana_Reaseguradora_SA ii) Isosiyete ikora-Itsinda ryubwishingizi bwa Cubasiga Urubuga: http: //www.gipc.info/info.jsp? AmakuruNo = 23085 7. Ihuriro ry’Abagore bo muri Cuba (Federacion De Mujeres Cubanas-FMC) - Yerekana uburenganzira bw’umugore n’ibibazo bijyanye n’uburinganire. Urubuga: http: //mujeres.co.cu/. Izi ni ingero nke gusa; hari andi mashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye imirenge itandukanye muri Cuba. Nyamuneka menya ko zimwe murubuga zishobora kuba mu cyesipanyoli, kuko arirwo rurimi rwemewe rwa Cuba.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Kuba, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Cuba, ni igihugu giherereye muri Karayibe. Nubwo ari igihugu gito cyirwa, Cuba ifite imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru ku nganda n’imirenge itandukanye. Dore zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye z’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Cuba: 1. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari (MINCEX) - Uru rubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Cuba, amahirwe yo gushora imari, amabwiriza, n’amategeko. Uru rubuga kandi rurimo amakuru agezweho ajyanye n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi arimo Cuba. Urubuga: https://www.mincex.gob.cu/ 2. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Repubulika ya Cuba - Urubuga rutanga ibikoresho ku bucuruzi bushishikajwe no gushakisha amahirwe ku masoko ya Cuba. Itanga amakuru kubyerekeye amabwiriza yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga, raporo zisesengura ku isoko, umurongo ngenderwaho w’ishoramari, ububiko bw’ubucuruzi, ikirangaminsi cy’ibyabaye, n’izindi serivisi zigamije guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://www.camaracuba.com 3. ProCuba - ProCuba ni ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari ry’amahanga mu nzego z’ingenzi z’ubukungu bwa Cuba. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye imishinga yishoramari iboneka mubice nka zone ziterambere ryubukerarugendo (ZEDs), parike yinganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga (BioPlants), ubuhinzi n’imishinga itanga umusaruro. Urubuga: http://procubasac.com/ 4 Urubuga: http: //www.onpi.cu 5.Isosiyete itumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga (CEICEX) - CEICEX kabuhariwe mu koroshya uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bibaha ibisubizo by'ibikoresho nka serivisi zitwara abantu cyangwa ubuyobozi binyuze mu nzira za gasutamo kimwe no kubafasha kubona abafatanyabikorwa mu mahanga kugurisha ibicuruzwa / ibice byabo / ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu / mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: http: //ceiex.co.cu/ Izi ni ingero nke gusa mubindi byinshi, kandi zitanga amakuru yingirakamaro mubukungu bwa Cuba mubukungu nubucuruzi. Buri gihe birasabwa kugenzura ibishya nisoko rishya uko imiterere yubucuruzi igenda ihinduka mugihe.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka kuri Cuba. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Ihuriro rya WITS ritanga uburyo bwo gucuruza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga namakuru yimisoro. Iyemerera abakoresha kubaza no gusesengura imigendekere yubucuruzi, amahoro, ingamba zidashingiye ku biciro (NTM), nibindi bipimo byerekana irushanwa. Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 2. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye - Iyi ni isoko yemewe y’imibare y’ubucuruzi ku isi itangwa n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku mibare (UNSD). UN Comtrade ikusanya amakuru arambuye yo gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga yatangajwe n’inzego z’ibarurishamibare z’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ 3. CubaTradeData - Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu gutanga amakuru ku bucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga bwa Cuba, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, isesengura ry’aho ryerekeza, amahoro ya gasutamo, amabwiriza, n’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.cubatradedata.com/ 4. Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi - Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi butanga ibipimo byinshi byubukungu hamwe namakuru yubushakashatsi ku isoko aturuka ahantu hatandukanye ku isi. Harimo amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mubihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Cuba. Urubuga: https://tradingeconomics.com/ 5. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi (ITC) - ITC itanga uburyo bwo kubona imibare mpuzamahanga itumizwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze mu bubiko bw'ikarita y'Ubucuruzi. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa bigurishwa kwisi yose cyangwa igihugu. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora kugira urwego rutandukanye rwubuziranenge no gukwirakwiza iyo bigeze ku makuru y’ubucuruzi bwa Cuba. Buri gihe birasabwa guhuza amakuru aturuka ahantu henshi kugirango tubone ibisobanuro byuzuye.

B2b

Kuba, kuba igihugu cy’abasosiyalisiti gifite uburyo buke bwo kugera kuri interineti, ntabwo gifite urubuga runini rwa B2B ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyariho urubuga ruzwi rworohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Cuba. 1. Cubatrade: Uru ni urubuga rwa B2B rwemewe na leta ya Cuba. Ikora nk'ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi bwo mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga bushaka guhuza amasosiyete yo muri Cuba kugira ngo ubucuruzi n'amahirwe yo gushora imari. Urubuga: www.cubatrade.cu 2. MercadoCuba: MercadoCuba ni isoko ryo kumurongo aho ubucuruzi bushobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byabo muri Cuba. Iyemerera ibigo bikorera muri Cuba kugera kubashobora kugura no kwagura abakiriya babo mugihugu. Urubuga: www.mercadocuba.com 3. Cuban Trade Hub: Uru rubuga rukora nk'ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwubucuruzi bwa Cuba bugira uruhare mubikorwa bitandukanye, bubahuza nabashobora kuba abafatanyabikorwa ndetse nabaguzi kwisi yose. Igamije guteza imbere umubano mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi hagamijwe iterambere ry’inganda zo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga muri Cuba. Urubuga: www.cubantradehub.com 4. Exportadores Cubanos: Exportadores Cubanos ni urubuga rwa B2B rugamije guteza imbere ibicuruzwa biva muri Cuba mu guhuza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’abaguzi babishaka baturutse mu bice bitandukanye by’isi. Itanga amakuru kubicuruzwa biboneka byoherezwa hanze kandi bifasha koroshya imishyikirano yubucuruzi hagati yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze nabatumiza hanze. Urubuga: www.exportadorescubanos.com Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera uburyo buke bwo kubona interineti muri Cuba, imbuga zimwe zishobora kuba zaragabanije kuboneka cyangwa gutinda kwihuta kurenza urubuga rusanzwe rwa interineti ruboneka ahandi. Nyamuneka uzirikane ko aya makuru adashobora kuba agezweho cyangwa yuzuye kuko kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye urubuga rwa Cuban B2B birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kubera ko interineti itaboneka ku mbibi z’igihugu.