TogTok

Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubuhinde buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika y’Ubuhinde, ni igihugu cya Aziya yepfo giherereye ku mugabane w’Ubuhinde. Hatuwe n'abantu barenga miliyari 1,3, ni cyo gihugu cya kabiri ku isi gituwe cyane kandi kikaba icya karindwi mu bunini ku butaka. Ubuhinde buhana imbibi n’ibihugu byinshi birimo Pakisitani mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba, Ubushinwa na Nepal mu majyaruguru, Bhutani mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru, na Bangladesh na Miyanimari mu burasirazuba. Ubuhinde bufite umuco utandukanye ufite amoko arenga 2000 atandukanye kandi indimi zirenga 1.600 zivugwa muri leta zayo. Igihinde n'Icyongereza bizwi nk'indimi zemewe ku rwego rw'igihugu. Igihugu gifite amateka akomeye kuva mu myaka ibihumbi. Ryari rifite imwe mu mico ya kera cyane y’amateka - Umuco wa Indus Valley - watangiye ahagana mu 2500 MIC. Mu mateka yarwo, Ubuhinde bwabonye ubwami butabarika buzamuka kandi bugwa mbere yuko bukolonizwa n’ibihugu bitandukanye by’Uburayi guhera mu bashakashatsi bo muri Porutugali mu kinyejana cya 15. Ubuhinde bwabonye ubwigenge ku butegetsi bw’Abongereza ku ya 15 Kanama 1947 nyuma y’intambara imaze imyaka iyobowe n’abayobozi bafite icyerekezo nka Mahatma Gandhi. Yemeje itegeko nshinga rya demokarasi muri Mutarama 1950 rishyiraho repubulika y'isi. Uyu munsi Ubuhinde buzwiho demokarasi ikomeye kandi amatora asanzwe abera mu nzego zose za guverinoma. Yagize iterambere ryihuse mu bukungu kuva kwishyira ukizana mu ntangiriro ya za 90 bigatuma ishyirwa mu bukungu bw’isoko rishya. Igihugu kandi gifite umurage udasanzwe wumuco werekanwe binyuze mubuhanzi butandukanye nkimbyino (Bharatnatyam, Kathakali), umuziki (classique ya Hindustani), ubuvanganzo (imirimo ya Rabindranath Tagore), igikoni (ibiryo bitandukanye byo mukarere nka biryani) nibindi. Icyakora, Ubuhinde nabwo buhura n’ibibazo nko kugabanya ubukene; kuzamura uburezi; ibikorwa remezo byubuzima gushimangira nibindi, Nubwo bimeze bityo, imbaraga za leta zibanda mugukemura ibyo bibazo hagamijwe iterambere ryuzuye mubice byose byabaturage. Mu gusoza, Ubuhinde nigihugu gitandukanye gifite amateka yishimye, demokarasi ikomeye, iterambere ryihuse ryubukungu, numurage ndangamuco. Hamwe n’abaturage benshi kandi bafite imbaraga mu nzego zitandukanye, Ubuhinde bukomeje guhindura ejo hazaza h’akarere ka Aziya yepfo ndetse n’imiterere yisi.

Ubuhinde buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika y'Ubuhinde, bufite ifaranga ryihariye ryitwa Umuhinde w'Abahinde (INR). Amafaranga yo mu Buhinde atangwa kandi akagenzurwa na Banki nkuru y’Ubuhinde, kikaba aricyo kigo gikuru cy’amabanki muri iki gihugu gishinzwe politiki y’ifaranga. Ikimenyetso cyu Buhinde ni ₹ kandi cyerekanwa nifaranga "INR". Yinjijwe mu 1540 nyuma ya Yesu ku ngoma ya Sher Shah Suri, iri faranga rifite amateka maremare. Nyuma yigihe, habaye impinduka zitandukanye nimpinduka kugirango tunoze umutekano n'umutekano. Inoti zo mu Buhinde ziza mu madini atandukanye harimo amafaranga 10, 20, 50, 50, 100, 200, 500, inoti 2000 zirimo gukwirakwizwa. Buri dini rigizwe n'abantu bakomeye bo mu murage ukungahaye w'Ubuhinde hamwe n'ibimenyetso by'ingenzi kuri bo. Ibiceri nabyo bikoreshwa nk'amadini mato ya INR nk'igiceri cy'amafaranga 1 hamwe n'ibiceri by'agaciro gake nka 50 paise cyangwa igice cy'amafaranga (nubwo ibiceri biri munsi y'ifaranga 1 bitagaragara cyane ubu kubera ifaranga). Abahinde bakoresha amafaranga cyane mubikorwa bya buri munsi; ariko, uburyo bwo kwishyura bwa elegitoronike nkamakarita yinguzanyo / ikarita yo kubikuza cyangwa ikotomoni igendanwa yagiye ikundwa cyane mugihe. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko Ubuhinde nigihugu kinini gifite imico nindimi zitandukanye; kubwibyo, indimi zitandukanye zivugwa mu turere dutandukanye murashobora kuzisanga kuri inoti zimwe zerekana ubumwe mubudasa. Muri rusange, Ifaranga ry’Ubuhinde rifite uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi mu Buhinde ndetse no kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga hagamijwe kuvunjisha. Agaciro kayo karashobora guhinduka hashingiwe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu bw’isi, ariko hashyirwaho ingufu mu kubungabunga umutekano binyuze muri politiki y’ifaranga yashyizweho na Banki nkuru y’igihugu. Ubuhinde.

Ifaranga ryemewe ryu Buhinde ni Amafaranga yu Buhinde (INR). Kubijyanye nigipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja hamwe nifaranga rikuru ryisi, nyamuneka menya ko bishobora gutandukana kandi burigihe nibyiza kohereza isoko yizewe kumakuru nyayo. Ariko, guhera mu Gushyingo 2021, dore bimwe mu bipimo byerekana ivunjisha: - 1 US $ (USD) ≈ 75.5 INR - 1 Euro (EUR) ≈ 88.3 INR - 1 Pound Sterling yo mu Bwongereza (GBP) ≈ 105.2 INR - 1 Yapani Yen (JPY) ≈ 0.68 INR - 1 Amadolari y'Abanyakanada (CAD) ≈ 59.8 INR Nyamuneka menya ko ibi bipimo bigereranijwe gusa kandi birashobora guhinduka ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye nkibihe byamasoko nuburyo ubukungu bwifashe.

Ubuhinde nigihugu gitandukanye cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru iragaragaza umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye hamwe n’amadini atandukanye y’igihugu. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye mubuhinde harimo: 1. Diwali - Azwi kandi nk'umunsi mukuru w'urumuri, Diwali ni umwe mu minsi mikuru izwi cyane mu Buhinde. Igereranya intsinzi yumucyo hejuru yumwijima nicyiza ikibi. Abantu bamurikira amazu yabo amatara, bagatwika umuriro, bagahana impano, kandi bakishora mubirori. 2. Holi - Azwi nk'umunsi mukuru w'amabara, Holi yerekana igihe cy'impeshyi mu Buhinde. Muri ibi birori bikomeye, abantu baterana ifu yamabara namazi mugihe babyina umuziki gakondo. Yerekana urukundo, ubucuti, n'intangiriro nshya. 3. Eid-ul-Fitr - Yizihijwe n’abayisilamu hirya no hino mu Buhinde, Eid-ul-Fitr iranga Ramazani (igihe cyo kwiyiriza ukwezi). Abihaye Imana basengera ku misigiti, basura inshuti n'imiryango bahana ibiryo cyangwa impano kugirango bizihize uyu munsi mwiza. 4. Ganesh Chaturthi - Uyu munsi mukuru wiminsi 10 wAbahindu wubaha Lord Ganesha - Imana iyobowe ninzovu ifitanye isano nubwenge niterambere. Ibishusho byerekana Lord Ganesha bishyirwa mumazu cyangwa ahantu rusange ho gusengera muriyi minsi icumi mbere yo kwibizwa mumazi. 5 iyo igihangano kigaragaza imbaraga mbi (Demon Ravana) cyatwitswe bisobanura kunesha ikibi. Izi ni ingero nkeya gusa muminsi mikuru itabarika yizihizwa mu turere dutandukanye two mu Buhinde.Ibirori bitandukanye bihuza abantu b'ingeri zose, bakibonera ubumwe bwabo hagati y'ubwoko butandukanye. Byerekana uburyo umuco, sosiyete, n'amadini bibana neza muri ibi igihugu kidasanzwe.

Ubuhinde nigihugu kinini kandi gitandukanye giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Nimwe mubukungu bwihuta cyane kwisi kwisi, hamwe nubukungu buvanze burimo ubuhinzi, inganda, na serivisi. Mu myaka yashize, Ubuhinde bwazamutse cyane mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubu ifatwa nkumwe mubagize uruhare runini muri sisitemu yubucuruzi ku isi. Muri rusange ibicuruzwa by’igihugu byacurujwe bifite agaciro ka miliyari 855 z'amadolari muri 2019. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Buhinde birimo ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amabuye y'agaciro n'imitako, imyenda n'imyenda, imiti, imiti, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'umuceri n'ibirungo. Ubuhinde buzwiho ubudodo bwiza bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ku rundi ruhande, Ubuhinde butumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu rwego rwo kuzuza ibyo bukeneye imbere mu gihugu. Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru bitumizwa mu mahanga bigizwe na peteroli n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka terefone igendanwa na mudasobwa ibyuma / porogaramu zigizwe na semiconductor n'ibindi, imashini (zirimo imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi), amakara / ibindi bicanwa bikomeye (cyane cyane bibisi cyangwa bitunganijwe), imiti / Ibicuruzwa bya CHIMIQUE (bisa kubindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi) hamwe nibyuma byagaciro / ibikoresho bya silver / ibikoresho mubindi. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye batumiza mu mahanga ni Ubushinwa bugera kuri 14% by’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Buhinde bitewe n’imashini / ibikoresho bikoreshwa n’inganda zo mu Buhinde zikomoka mu Bushinwa mu gihe zikurikirwa na USA & UAE. Gutezimbere ubucuruzi bwayo kwisi yose kurushaho guteza imbere amasezerano yubucuruzi bwisanzuye asinywa nu Buhinde harimo n’amasezerano n’ibihugu nk’Ubuyapani / Koreya yepfo / Ibihugu bisanzwe kugira ngo ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byombi bushobore kunozwa byabafasha haba mu muco wa politiki ndetse n’ubukungu byabafashaga amafaranga cyangwa ubumenyi bushingiye gusaranganya ubuhanga / securiy / igisirikare-piracy / umuyobozi-kwiba-ifarashi / kwirwanaho-cyangwa-gufatanya-kongera-iterabwoba Afurika itanga amahirwe akomeye yo kwagura ubucuruzi / ibikorwa byohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bitewe n’umutungo munini ariko nyamara amasoko adakoreshwa Afurika harimo ibihugu byo mu majyepfo: Afurika yepfo / Nijeriya nibindi Guverinoma yafashe kandi ingamba nko gushyira mu bikorwa umusoro ku bicuruzwa na serivisi (GST) kugira ngo byorohereze uburyo bwo gusoresha bufasha mu koroshya ubucuruzi no mu Buhinde. Byongeye kandi, ibikorwa nka "Make in India" biteza imbere inganda zo mu gihugu no gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye. Muri rusange, ubucuruzi bw’Ubuhinde bugaragaza uruhare rwayo mu bukungu bw’isi. Igihugu gikomeje kwibanda ku kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gutandukanya abafatanyabikorwa b’ubucuruzi kugira ngo ubukungu bwiyongere.

Ubuhinde, kimwe mu bihugu byihuta cyane mu bukungu ku isi, bufite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ahantu igihugu gifite ingamba mu masangano ya Aziya n’isoko rinini ry’imbere mu gihugu bituma iba ahantu heza ku bucuruzi ku isi. Ubuhinde bufite inganda zitandukanye, zirimo serivisi za IT, imiti, imiti, inganda z’imodoka, n’ubuhinzi. Izi nzego zitanga amahirwe ahagije ku bashoramari b’abanyamahanga kugira ngo bashake umubare munini w’abaguzi n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi. Byongeye kandi, urubyiruko rwu Buhinde rufite icyiciro cyo hagati rwiyongera rugaragaza icyerekezo cyiza kizaza. Guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa politiki nyinshi zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ibikorwa nka "Make in India" bigamije kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukora no gukurura ishoramari mu koroshya inzira no gushyiraho ibidukikije byorohereza ubucuruzi. Itangizwa ry'umusoro ku bicuruzwa na serivisi (GST) ryoroheje uburyo bwo gusoresha no kunoza imikorere mu buryo bwo gutanga amasoko mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu bikorwa remezo bya digitale ryoroheje iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye nko gucuruza, ingendo & kwakira abashyitsi, na serivisi z’imari. Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya terefone zigendanwa ryongereye ingufu ku mbuga zo guhaha kuri interineti nka Amazon India na Flipkart. Byongeye kandi, Ubuhinde bugira uruhare runini mu bufatanye n’ubukungu mu karere kugira ngo bwongere amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ni umunyamuryango w’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa ASEAN n’Ubuhinde (AIFTA) ndetse n’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’akarere (RCEP), bukomatanya igice kinini cy’ubucuruzi ku isi. Nubwo, nubwo ibyo byiringiro bitanga, haracyari imbogamizi kubacuruzi b’abanyamahanga bagamije kwinjira ku isoko ry’Ubuhinde. Amabwiriza akomeye nkamahoro ya gasutamo akeneye kurushaho koroshya guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ibyuho remezo muri sisitemu yo gutwara abantu nabyo bigomba gukemurwa kugirango byoroherezwe kugenda neza mu gihugu. Mu gusoza, hamwe n’ibikenewe cyane mu gihugu biterwa n’abaturage b’urubyiruko hamwe na gahunda zitandukanye za leta zigamije koroshya ubucuruzi; Indiaindia itanga amahirwe menshi kubacuruzi bashaka amasoko mashya. Nubwo hari inzitizi zigomba kuneshwa, amahirwe aturuka mu gushora imari mu Buhinde yoherezwa mu mahanga ni menshi. Ubucuruzi bwo mu mahanga bugomba gusuzuma neza imbaraga z’isoko ry’Ubuhinde no guhuza ingamba zazo zo gukoresha ubushobozi bw’Ubuhinde mu kuzamura ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu gihe kirekire.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Buhinde, hari ibintu bike byingenzi bishobora kugufasha kuyobora inzira yawe yo gufata ibyemezo. Isoko ryo mu Buhinde rizwiho kuba rishingiye ku baguzi no mu muco gakondo, bityo guhuza uburyohe bwabo ni ngombwa. Icya mbere, ni ngombwa kumenya ko Ubuhinde bufite icyiciro cyo hagati kigenda cyiyongera hamwe n’amafaranga yinjira. Ibi biratanga amahirwe yo kugana isoko hamwe nibicuruzwa bihendutse ariko byujuje ubuziranenge. Ibicuruzwa nka elegitoroniki, terefone zigendanwa, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu byagaragaye ko byateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize. Byongeye kandi, ubucuruzi gakondo bwo mu Buhinde buracyafite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiriye kugurishwa binyuze mumiyoboro ya interineti nkamaduka mato nisoko ryaho birashobora kubyara inyungu. Ibi bishobora kubamo ibiryo nkibiryo nibirungo, imyenda nkimyenda gakondo (saree), ubukorikori nkububumbyi cyangwa ibiti, nibicuruzwa byiza byubwiza. Urundi rwego ruzamuka mu Buhinde ni e-ubucuruzi. Hamwe no kuzamuka kumurongo wo kugura kumurongo nka Amazon.in na Flipkart.com, guhitamo ibintu bishobora kugurishwa byoroshye binyuze muribi bibuga ni ngombwa. Ibyiciro bimwe bizwi cyane birimo ibikoresho by'imyambarire (imitako, amasaha), décor yo murugo (ibifuniko byo kwisiga, kaseti), inyongera zubuzima / vitamine, ibikoresho bya fitness / ibikoresho (mato yoga), nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki / ibikoresho. Icyakora, umuntu agomba gutekereza ku mbogamizi cyangwa imbogamizi mugihe agurisha ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’Ubuhinde. Urugero: 1) Inzitizi zururimi: Kureba niba ibisobanuro byibicuruzwa byahinduwe neza mundimi nkuru zo mukarere bizafasha imbaraga zo kwamamaza. 2) Kwiyumvisha umuco: Kwirinda ibimenyetso by'amadini cyangwa amashusho ashobora kubabaza abakiriya bawe. 3) Ibikoresho: Gusobanukirwa amabwiriza / gutumiza mu mahanga hamwe no gucunga amasoko bizafasha gutanga ibicuruzwa neza. 4) Amarushanwa yaho: Gutohoza neza itangwa ryabanywanyi kugirango batandukanye umurongo wibicuruzwa neza. Mu gusoza "Gukina ubwenge" mu kumenya imigendekere itandukanye mu bucuruzi butandukanye harimo amaduka gakondo ndetse na e-ubucuruzi, mu gihe kandi gukemura inzitizi zishobora gufasha mu guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikenerwa cyane ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’Ubuhinde.

Ubuhinde nigihugu cyubwinshi butandukanye nubukire bwumuco, bigira ingaruka cyane kubiranga abakiriya na kirazira. Gusobanukirwa nibi bintu ni ngombwa mugihe uhuza abakiriya b'Abahinde. Ubwa mbere, abakiriya b'Abahinde bazwiho gushimangira umubano bwite no kwizerana. Bahitamo gukora ubucuruzi nabantu bazi cyangwa aboherejwe numuntu bizeye. Kubaka amasano akomeye no gushiraho ikizere mubucuti nibyingenzi mubikorwa byubucuruzi bigenda neza mubuhinde. Icya kabiri, Abahinde bafite ijisho ryagaciro kandi bakunda kuba abakiriya bumva ibiciro. Bakunze gukora ubushakashatsi cyane mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyubuguzi, ugereranije ibiciro kurubuga cyangwa amaduka atandukanye. Gutanga ibiciro byapiganwa cyangwa serivisi zongerewe agaciro birashobora gukurura cyane abakiriya b'Abahinde. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya b'Abahinde bashima ubwitonzi bwihariye na serivisi nziza. Gutanga ibisubizo byihariye bijyanye nibyifuzo byabo bizamura uburambe bwabakiriya. Ariko, hariho kirazira zigomba kwitabwaho mugihe uhuza nabakiriya b'Abahinde: 1. Irinde kuganira ku ngingo zijyanye n'idini cyangwa politiki keretse umukiriya atangiye ibiganiro nk'ibi. 2. Witondere imvugo yumubiri kuko ibimenyetso bimwe bifatwa nkikinyabupfura muyindi mico bishobora kuba bibi mubuhinde (urugero, gutunga urutoki). 3. Ntuzigere na rimwe usuzugura akamaro ko kubahiriza igihe kuko Abahinde muri rusange baha agaciro igihe cyagenwe. 4. Ni ngombwa gukomeza urwego rwimikorere mugihe cyinama yambere kugeza hashyizweho ubwumvikane buke. 5. Irinde kunenga cyangwa gushinyagurira umuco cyangwa imigenzo gakondo ikundwa nabahinde, kuko ibyo bishobora gukurura no kwangiza umubano wubucuruzi. Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya b’Abahinde - nko kwibanda ku mibanire, kumva neza ibiciro, kwita ku ireme rya serivisi - birashobora kugira uruhare runini mu mikoranire myiza na bo mu gihe kwirinda kirazira zishobora guteza imbere imikoranire myiza n’ubufatanye burambye hagati y’ubucuruzi bukorana n’abakiriya b’Ubuhinde.

Ubuhinde bufite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga gasutamo kugenzura no gucunga neza ibicuruzwa n’abantu ku mipaka yacyo. Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi bigize gahunda yo gucunga gasutamo y'Ubuhinde n'ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma: 1. Uburyo bwa gasutamo: Iyo binjiye cyangwa bava mubuhinde, abagenzi bakeneye kunyura kuri konti y’abinjira kugirango binjire / basohoke. Ku bibuga byindege, abagenzi basabwa kuzuza urupapuro rwerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ryerekana ibintu batwaye hamwe nagaciro kabo. 2. Ibintu bibujijwe kandi bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe na bimwe nk'ibiyobyabwenge, ibikomoka ku gasozi, imbunda, amasasu, amafaranga y'amiganano, n'ibindi, birabujijwe rwose mu Buhinde. Byongeye kandi, hari ibibujijwe kubintu bimwe na bimwe bya zahabu na feza birenze urugero byemewe. 3. Amafaranga atangirwa umusoro: Abagenzi basuye Ubuhinde barashobora kuzana ibintu byabo bifite agaciro ka INR 50.000 batishyuye amahoro ya gasutamo (hashingiwe kubintu runaka). Hariho amafaranga yihariye adasoreshwa ku nzoga n'ibicuruzwa by'itabi. 4. Umuyoboro utukura / Umuyoboro w'icyatsi: Nyuma yo gukusanya imizigo yagenzuwe ku bibuga by'indege by'Ubuhinde / ku cyambu, abagenzi bazagira amahitamo hagati y'umuyoboro wa 'Umutuku' (ibicuruzwa byo gutangaza) cyangwa umuyoboro wa 'Icyatsi' (nta kintu cyo gutangaza). Niba ufite ibintu byemewe / bibujijwe kurenza amafaranga atishyurwa cyangwa niba utazi neza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyateganijwe / amategeko, ni byiza gukoresha umuyoboro utukura. 5. Amabwiriza y’ifaranga: Mugihe ugenda mu Buhinde cyangwa usohoka, nta mbogamizi yo kuzana amafaranga y’amahanga; icyakora imenyekanisha ni itegeko kumafaranga arenga US $ 5,000 cyangwa ahwanye nandi mafranga. 6. Kuzana / Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: Ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gusaba uruhushya inzego zibishinzwe mbere yo gutumiza / kohereza hanze bitewe nibisabwa n'amategeko nkibisabwa uruhushya cyangwa kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibidukikije. 7. Imiterere y’abinjira n’abinjira: Ni ngombwa ko abanyamahanga basura Ubuhinde batunga ibyangombwa by’ingendo birimo pasiporo ifite viza ikwiye yatanzwe na ambasade / konsuline z’Ubuhinde keretse iyo baturutse mu bihugu byasonewe viza mu masezerano yihariye. Ni ngombwa kubahiriza no gukurikiza amabwiriza ya gasutamo y'Ubuhinde kugira ngo twirinde ibibazo byose byemewe n'amategeko cyangwa ibihano by'amafaranga. Nibyiza kugisha inama leta yubuhinde cyangwa gushaka ubuyobozi mubuyobozi bwa gasutamo, nibiba ngombwa, kugirango ubone amakuru nyayo kandi agezweho kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gucunga gasutamo.

Ubuhinde bufite politiki yuzuye y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no guteza imbere inganda zaho. Igihugu gishyiraho amahoro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo birinde ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi bikomeze kuringaniza ubucuruzi. Amahoro yatumijwe mu Buhinde ashyirwa mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi: amahoro ya gasutamo (BCD) n'amahoro y'inyongera. BCD yakwa ku bicuruzwa byinshi hashingiwe ku byiciro byabo muri Harmonized System of Nomenclature (HSN). Ibiciro biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, hamwe n'ibiciro biri hasi y'ibintu by'ingenzi nk'ibiribwa, ibikomoka ku buzima, n'imashini zikoreshwa mu nzego zibanze. Usibye BCD, Ubuhinde bushiraho kandi imirimo yinyongera nko kwishyura imisoro (CVD) hamwe n’inyongera idasanzwe (SAD) mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. CVD irakoreshwa muburyo bwo kuringaniza inkunga iyo ari yo yose itangwa n’ibindi bihugu bishobora guha akarengane ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. SAD ishyirwaho nkinyongera yinyongera kubicuruzwa runaka. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko Ubuhinde bukunze kuvugurura imiterere y’ibiciro binyuze mu gutangaza ingengo y’imari cyangwa guhindura politiki. Igipimo cy’ibiciro gishobora guhura n’imihindagurikire bitewe n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyangwa ibyo leta ishyira imbere. Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde kandi iteza imbere amasezerano y’ubucuruzi atandukanye agamije kugabanya imisoro n’ibihugu cyangwa imiryango yihariye. Kurugero, hashingiwe kumasezerano yubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwa Aziya yepfo cyangwa amasezerano yubucuruzi bwibihugu byombi hamwe nibihugu bimwe na bimwe, hashobora gutangwa ibicuruzwa byoroheje kubicuruzwa byihariye. Muri rusange, politiki y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ishakisha uburinganire hagati yo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe abakiriya babona ibicuruzwa by’amahanga by’ingenzi. Igamije guteza imbere kwihaza mu nzego z’ingenzi nk’ubuhinzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n’inganda mu gihe ishishikarizwa guhatana neza no guteza imbere umubano mpuzamahanga.

Ubuhinde bwashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hagamijwe guteza imbere inganda zo mu gihugu no kurengera ubukungu bwabwo. Igipimo cy'umusoro woherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye kiratandukanye ukurikije imiterere y'ibicuruzwa. Mubisanzwe, ibicuruzwa byingenzi nkibinyampeke byibiribwa, imboga, imbuto, nubuvuzi bifite imisoro iri hasi cyangwa ntayoherezwa hanze. Ibi bikorwa kugirango habeho gutanga ibicuruzwa bihagije mu gihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa ibicuruzwa bifite isoko ryinshi ku masoko mpuzamahanga birashobora gukurura imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi bikorwa kugirango bace intege ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kandi bikomeze kuboneka mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bigengwa n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigamije guca intege ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no guteza imbere inganda zikora inganda zikoresha ibyo bikoresho fatizo. Byongeye kandi, Ubuhinde bwafashe kandi izindi ngamba zinyuranye nk’umusoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa na serivisi (GST) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye imiterere y’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Izi politiki zigamije kurinda inganda zo mu Buhinde zituma ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bihenze ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa byakorewe mu gihugu. Ni ngombwa ko abashoramari bategereje kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde kugira ngo bakomeze kuvugururwa na politiki ya guverinoma kuko bigenda bihinduka buri gihe bishingiye ku mpamvu z’ubukungu n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro mu Buhinde ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga igamije kuzamura inganda z’imbere mu gihugu no gukomeza gutanga ibicuruzwa bihagije mu gihugu. Abashoramari bakorera muri uru rwego bagomba gukurikiranira hafi impinduka zose z’amabwiriza y’imisoro ajyanye n’ibicuruzwa byabo byihariye.

Ubuhinde, igihugu gitera imbere byihuse giherereye muri Aziya yepfo, kizwiho ubukungu butandukanye n’umurage gakondo. Mu myaka yashize, byagaragaye nkumukinnyi ukomeye mu rwego mpuzamahanga rwubucuruzi. Kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigerweho kandi biteze imbere abaguzi, Ubuhinde bushimangira ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde gikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye byujuje ubuziranenge n’ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Izi mpamyabumenyi ni gihamya yerekana ko ibicuruzwa byo mu Buhinde byujuje ubuziranenge busabwa n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Kimwe mu byemezo byingenzi byoherezwa mu mahanga ni icyemezo cya ISO. Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bipimo ngenderwaho (ISO) ushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho ku isi ku bicuruzwa, serivisi, na sisitemu kugira ngo umutekano wabo, kwiringirwa, ndetse n’ubuziranenge. Kubona ibyemezo bya ISO bifasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde kwerekana ko biyemeje kuba indashyikirwa no kubahiriza ibipimo byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, abahinde bohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde bashaka isoko cyane cyane mu Burayi bagomba kubona ikimenyetso cya CE. Ikimenyetso cya CE cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuzima bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa ibidukikije iyo bibaye ngombwa. Iremeza ubwisanzure mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ikuraho inzitizi zishingiye ku buhanga mu bucuruzi. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu buhinzi biva mu Buhinde, APEDA (Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ibiribwa n’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga) gitanga gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo muri gahunda zitandukanye nko kwemeza ubuhinzi-mwimerere cyangwa gahunda yo gukurikirana ibisigazwa byubahirizwa. Izi mpamyabumenyi zizeza abatumiza mu mahanga umutekano no kubahiriza amabwiriza yerekeye imikorere y’ibiribwa. Byongeye kandi, Biro y’Ubuhinde (BIS) yemeza ibicuruzwa byakozwe bishingiye ku bipimo byihariye by’Ubuhinde (IS). Icyemezo cya BIS cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa byuzuza ibisabwa nkumutekano, gukora neza, no kuramba mbere yo koherezwa hanze. Ubuhinde kandi bwubahiriza ingamba za phytosanitarite ziteganijwe n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibimera (IPPC). Impamyabumenyi ya Phytosanitarike igenzura ko ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bimera nkimbuto cyangwa imboga byakorewe ubugenzuzi bukenewe hagamijwe kurwanya udukoko byemeza ko bitarwaye indwara mbere yo koherezwa mu mahanga. Mu gusoza, inzira yo kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Buhinde bikubiyemo kubahiriza amabwiriza menshi ajyanye n’ubuziranenge, umutekano, no kurengera umuguzi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibicuruzwa byemewe biva mu Buhinde bigira icyizere, bizamura isoko, kandi bituma isoko ry’isi ryinjira neza.

Ubuhinde nigihugu kizwiho imico itandukanye, amateka akomeye, n'imigenzo ikomeye. Mu myaka yashize, Ubuhinde nabwo bwateye intambwe ishimishije mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho no gutwara abantu. Hano haribisabwa bimwe na bimwe bya serivisi n'ibikoresho mu Buhinde: 1. Gutwara umuhanda: Nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutwara abantu mu Buhinde, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda bugira uruhare runini mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’igihugu. Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde yibanze ku kunoza ibikorwa remezo byo mu muhanda, bituma habaho imikoranire myiza mu turere dutandukanye. 2. Gariyamoshi: Gariyamoshi yo mu Buhinde ni imwe mu miyoboro minini ya gari ya moshi ku isi kandi itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu. Ikubiyemo ahantu henshi mu gihugu kandi itanga ibisubizo bihendutse byo gutwara ibicuruzwa. 3. Imizigo yo mu kirere: Iterambere ryihuse rya e-ubucuruzi no kwisi yose, imizigo yo mu kirere yamenyekanye cyane mu nganda z’ibikoresho byo mu Buhinde. Ibibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga nka Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore ni ihuriro ry’ibikorwa byo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere. 4. Ubwikorezi bwo ku nkombe: Urebye inkombe ndende zayo hamwe n’ibyambu bikomeye nka Chennai Port Trust na Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), ubwikorezi bwo ku nkombe bugira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu cy’Ubuhinde. 5. Serivise zububiko: Hamwe nogukenera gukenera ahantu hateganijwe kubikwa bitewe niterambere ryibisabwa, ibikoresho byububiko bugezweho byagaragaye nkigice cyingenzi cyibikorwa byiza byo mu Buhinde. 6.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoloji: Kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kugenda neza no kunoza imikorere kurushaho, amasosiyete y’ibikoresho yo mu Buhinde yakiriye ibisubizo biterwa n’ikoranabuhanga nka sisitemu yo gukurikirana ikoresheje ibikoresho bya GPS cyangwa IoT kugira ngo itange amakuru nyayo ku byoherezwa. 7.Ishyaka rya gatatu ritanga ibikoresho (3PL): Aba batanga serivise batanga ibisubizo byanyuma-byanyuma bikubiyemo uburyo bwo gucunga neza ibarura; kuzuza itegeko; ububiko; gukwirakwiza; gasutamo; gupakira mubindi. 8. Serivise yo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma - Ibigo nka Delhivery cyangwa Ecom Express kabuhariwe mubisubizo byogutanga ibirometero byanyuma byemeza ko byihuse biva mububiko cyangwa mubigo bikwirakwiza kugeza kumuryango wabakiriya. Inganda z’ibikoresho by’Ubuhinde zikomeje gutera imbere byihuse hamwe n’ingamba zikomeje mu kuzamura ibikorwa remezo, kwakira iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, no kunoza imikorere y’ibicuruzwa. Ibyifuzo byavuzwe haruguru byerekana imiterere yiki gihe hamwe niterambere rigenda ritera urwego rw’ibikoresho byo mu Buhinde mu gihe hitawe ku bucuruzi butandukanye bukenewe.`,

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

India is a country with a diverse and vibrant economy, attracting international buyers from around the world. The country has several important international sourcing channels and trade shows that serve as platforms for business development and networking opportunities. Let's explore some of them. 1. India International Trade Fair (IITF): This annual event held in New Delhi is one of the largest trade fairs in India. It attracts national and international buyers from various sectors, including manufacturing, consumer goods, textiles, and electronics. With over 6,000 exhibitors showcasing their products and services, IITF offers an excellent opportunity for global procurement. 2. Auto Expo: As one of Asia's largest automotive component exhibitions held in New Delhi every two years, Auto Expo attracts major international automobile manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and buyers looking to source high-quality products from India's automotive industry. 3. Texworld India: This textile industry trade show features the latest trends in fabrics, apparel accessories,and home textiles.It serves as an important platform for sourcing fabrics not only within India but also internationally.It brings together manufacturers,suppliers,and exporters to showcase their products to potential global buyers. 4. Indian Pharma Expo: As a rapidly growing pharmaceutical market globally,the Indian Pharma Expo provides an ideal platform for pharma companies to exhibit their product range across various categories such as generics,nutraceuticals,critical care,and more.This exhibition aims at showcasing India’s innovation,potentialities,talent,and product discovery capabilities.The event creates opportunities for interaction between domestic manufacturers,firms abroad,research & development( R&D) centers,business delegations,distributors,supply chain experts across multiple verticals.The show further enables exploring alliances & collaborations worldwide by connecting businesses globally through focused buyer-seller meetups,event tours,outbound investments,Etc. 5. Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit: Gujarat State hosts this biennial summit which showcases investment opportunities across various sectors ranging from manufacturing,hospitality,tourism,and more.It provides a platform for global companies to interact with business leaders,policy makers,investors,and thought leaders.The summit facilitates networking opportunities and aids international procurement strategies by connecting buyers and sellers worldwide. 6. Buyer-Seller Meets: Various industry-specific buyer-seller meets are organized across different cities in India.These events focus on specific sectors such as engineering,IT,bio-technology,textiles,gems & jewelry,agriculture,etc.Organized by government bodies as well as industry associations,these platforms bring together key stakeholders from various industries and facilitate B2B meetings between buyers from around the world and Indian suppliers. 7. E-commerce Platforms: In recent years,e-commerce has been playing a significant role in international sourcing.E-commerce platforms like Alibaba,B2B portals like IndiaMART,and government initiatives such as the National E-Governance Plan have made it easier for international buyers to connect with Indian suppliers.Additionally,various online sourcing directories,live chat support,supplier verification services are available to streamline the procurement process. In conclusion,the above-mentioned examples are just a few of the important international sourcing channels and trade shows available in India.There are many other sector-specific exhibitions,buyer-seller meets,and e-commerce platforms that cater to various industries.Be sure to research specific sectors of interest for targeted procurement opportunities within India.

Imashini zishakisha

Mubuhinde, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane zirimo Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Na DuckDuckGo. Izi moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane nabenegihugu mubuhinde mubikorwa bitandukanye nko gushakisha urubuga, gushakisha amakuru, no kugura kumurongo. Dore imbuga zabo: 1. Google: www.google.co.in Nta gushidikanya ko Google ari moteri ishakisha izwi cyane mu Buhinde gusa no ku isi hose. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwurubuga hamwe nibindi bikoresho nko gushakisha amashusho, amakarita, ingingo zamakuru, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing: www.bing.com Bing ni moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft itanga interineti ishimishije hamwe nibisubizo byubushakashatsi bijyanye. Ihuza kandi ibintu nko gushakisha amashusho no kureba amashusho. 3. Yahoo!: Muri.yahoo.com Yahoo! yabaye ihitamo ryamamare mubakoresha mubuhinde mugihe kitari gito ubu kubera serivisi zitandukanye zirimo imeri, ivugurura ryamakuru, amakuru yimari, nibindi, usibye imikorere yubushakashatsi. 4. DuckDuckGo: duckduckgo.com DuckDuckGo izwiho gushimangira ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha mugihe utanga ibisubizo bifatika udakurikiranye cyangwa ubitse amakuru yihariye nkizindi moteri zishakisha zisanzwe zibikora. Izi enye nimwe murimwe zizwi kandi zikoreshwa kenshi muri moteri rusange yo gushakisha mubuhinde; icyakora, hashobora kubaho abandi baboneka kimwe bitewe nibyifuzo byabo.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Mubuhinde, hariho impapuro nyinshi zumuhondo ububiko bwabantu kugiti cyabo no mubucuruzi kugirango babone amakuru, serivisi, nibicuruzwa. Hano hari amwe mumapaji akomeye yumuhondo mubuhinde hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Justdial (www.justdial.com): Justdial nimwe mumoteri manini yo gushakisha mubuhinde. Itanga amakuru kubucuruzi butandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye nka resitora, amahoteri, ibitaro, abapompa, amashanyarazi, nibindi. 2. Sulekha (www.sulekha.com): Sulekha nubundi bubiko bukomeye bwo kumurongo butanga serivisi zitandukanye nurutonde rwubucuruzi rushingiye kumijyi nibyiciro. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru ajyanye numutungo utimukanwa, ibigo byuburezi, abatanga ubuvuzi, abategura ibirori, nibindi. 3. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Ubuhinde (www.yellowpagesindia.net): Urupapuro rwumuhondo Ubuhinde butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi rwuzuye mubikorwa bitandukanye mugihugu. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha ubucuruzi mubyiciro cyangwa ahantu. 4. Indiamart (www.indiamart.com): Indiamart ni isoko rya interineti rihuza abaguzi nabatanga ibicuruzwa mu nganda zitandukanye nk'imashini n'ibikoresho, imyenda & abakora imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki abatanga ibicuruzwa nibindi Usibye gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye nibicuruzwa bya sosiyete, Indiamart nayo ikora nkububiko bwimpapuro zumuhondo. 5. Ubucuruzi bw'Ubuhinde (www.tradeindia.com): Bisa na Indiamart, TradeIndia nubundi isoko rizwi cyane rya B2B mubuhinde rihuza abaguzi n'abagurisha baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ibicuruzwa byinganda nkimashini, imiti nibindi, ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi na electronics nibindi 6.Google Ubucuruzi bwanjye (https://www.google.co.in/ubucuruzi/): Google My Business ifasha ubucuruzi bwabahinde kugira kumurongo mugucunga ibyabo urutonde rwubucuruzi kuri Google Ikarita hamwe nizindi porogaramu za Google. Gutyo, gushoboza abakoresha kubabona byoroshye mugihe bashakisha serivisi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye. Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubakoresha bashaka serivisi cyangwa ibicuruzwa bijyanye mumijyi itandukanye yo mubuhinde. Icyitonderwa: Mugihe ubu bubiko buzwi cyane, ni ngombwa guhuza no kugenzura amakuru yatanzwe kugirango yizewe kandi yuzuye.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Ubuhinde nigihugu gitandukanye gifite urwego rwubucuruzi rwihuta cyane. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi mubuhinde: 1. Flipkart - www.flipkart.com Flipkart nimwe murubuga runini kandi ruzwi cyane kuri e-ubucuruzi mubuhinde. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibitabo, nibindi byinshi. 2. Amazone y'Ubuhinde - www.amazon.in Amazon yinjiye ku isoko ryu Buhinde mu 2013 kandi imaze gukurura abantu kuva icyo gihe. Ihuriro ritanga ihitamo ryinshi ryibicuruzwa hamwe nuburyo bwo gutanga byihuse. 3. Inzu ya Paytm - paytmmall.com Mall ya Paytm igizwe na ecosystem ya Paytm kandi itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, imyambarire, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibiribwa, nibindi. 4. Snapdeal - www.snapdeal.com Snapdeal yatangiye nk'urubuga rwa buri munsi ariko rwaragutse kugira ngo rube imwe mu masoko yo mu Buhinde ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byinshi. 5. Myntra - www.myntra.com Myntra kabuhariwe mu myambarire nubuzima bwimibereho kubagabo, abagore, nabana. Itanga imyenda, ibikoresho biva mubirango bitandukanye hamwe nibyifuzo byihariye. 6. Jabong - www.jabong.com Kimwe na Myntra, Jabong yibanda cyane cyane kumyambarire yimyambarire kubagabo nabagore itanga intera nini kuva mubihugu ndetse no mubirango mpuzamahanga. 7. Amaduka - www.shopclues.com ShopClues yibasira abakiriya bashaka agaciro-kumafaranga kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nkibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone igendanwa cyangwa mudasobwa zigendanwa hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo nibindi byinshi. 8. BigBasket- bigbasket.com BigBasket nu Buhinde buza ku isonga mu biribwa byo ku rubuga rwa interineti bitanga imbuto n'imboga hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho byo mu rugo ku muryango wawe 9. Abakunzi- abakunzi.com Grofers nubundi buryo bukunzwe bwa e-ibiribwa butanga ibiribwa kubiciro byapiganwa neza kurugo rwawe nta kibazo. Twabibutsa ariko ko imiterere ya e-ubucuruzi mubuhinde ifite imbaraga kandi hariho abakinnyi bashya bahora bagaragara kandi bakagura ibikorwa byabo.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Ubuhinde bufite imbuga nkoranyambaga zikungahaye kandi zitandukanye. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane mu Buhinde hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook - https://www.facebook.com Facebook nimbuga nkoranyambaga ikoreshwa cyane mubuhinde, ihuza abantu mugihugu cyose binyuze mumwirondoro, amatsinda, nimpapuro. 2. Twitter - https://twitter.com Twitter yemerera abakoresha gusangira ubutumwa, bwitwa tweet, hamwe nabayoboke babo. Ni urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo gutanga ibitekerezo no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru namakuru. 3. Instagram - https://www.instagram.com Instagram yibanze ku gusangira amafoto na videwo. Yamamaye cyane mu Buhinde nk'urubuga rwo kuvuga inkuru n'amashusho. 4. LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com LinkedIn ni urubuga rwumwuga aho abantu bashobora kwerekana ubuhanga bwabo, guhuza nabakozi bakorana ninzobere mu nganda, kandi bakabona amahirwe yakazi. 5. YouTube - https://www.youtube.com YouTube ni urubuga rwo gusangira amashusho rukoreshwa cyane nabahinde mu myidagaduro, ibiri mu burezi, amashusho yindirimbo, ibisobanuro byo guteka, amakuru agezweho, vlogs, nibindi byinshi. 6. WhatsApp - https://www.whatsapp.com WhatsApp ni porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa ikoreshwa cyane n'Abahinde mu gushyikirana n'inshuti, abo mu muryango, abo mu bucuruzi. Ibiganiro, guhamagara amajwi, no guhamagara kuri videwo birashobora gukorwa ukoresheje byoroshye. 7. SnapChat - https://www.snapchat.com/ Snapchat ifasha abayikoresha gufata umwanya ukoresheje amafoto cyangwa videwo ngufi zicika nyuma yo kurebwa.Mu minsi ishize, imaze gukundwa cyane mu rubyiruko rwo mu Buhinde 8.TikTok-https; "); TikTok ireka abayikoresha bakora amashusho magufi yashyizwe mumuziki. Kugabana aya mashusho yo guhanga hamwe nabandi biteza imbere abakoresha betweeen.Mu Buhinde, tiktok yamenyekanye cyane bidasanzwe cyane cyane mubyangavu ad bakuze. " Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko urutonde rwavuzwe haruguru rugereranya gusa zimwe muma mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane mubuhinde.Hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga zihariye zihariye abumva mubuhinde.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Ubuhinde bufite amashyirahamwe akomeye y’inganda agira uruhare runini mu kuzamura no guhagararira inzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda mubuhinde hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ihuriro ry’inganda zo mu Buhinde (CII) - www.cii.in - CII ni ishyirahamwe ryambere ryubucuruzi mubuhinde, rihagarariye inganda mubice bitandukanye nkinganda, serivisi, nubuhinzi. 2. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Buhinde (FICCI) - www.ficci.com - FICCI ni rimwe mu mashyirahamwe manini y’inganda mu Buhinde, yunganira ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubucuruzi, ubucuruzi, na serivisi. 3. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda (ASSOCHAM) - www.assocham.org - ASSOCHAM ni ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi rikomeye rifite icyicaro i Delhi rihagarariye inganda nka banki, imari, ikoranabuhanga, ubuhinzi, n’ubukerarugendo. 4. Ishyirahamwe ryigihugu rya software na serivise za serivisi (NASSCOM) - www.nasscom.in - NASSCOM ni ishyirahamwe ryubucuruzi rihagarariye umurenge wa IT-BPM mu Buhinde kandi riharanira guteza imbere guhangana ku isi n’imiryango y'Abahinde. 5. Ihuriro ry’imiti mu Buhinde (IPA) - www.ipa-india.org - IPA igizwe n’ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku bushakashatsi bw’imiti y’imiti y’igihugu yibanda ku buvugizi bwa politiki kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo by’ubuvuzi bihendutse. 6. Ishyirahamwe ry'abakora ibinyabiziga mu Buhinde (ACMA) - www.acma.in - ACMA ihagarariye abakora ibikorwa byo gukora ibicuruzwa nyuma yimodoka zirimo ibiziga bibiri, ibinyabiziga byubucuruzi n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi 7. Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’abateza imbere imitungo itimukanwa yo mu Buhinde (CREDAI) - credai.org - CREDAI ihagarariye abateza imbere imitungo itimukanwa mu Buhinde igamije guteza imbere imyitwarire myiza no kuzamura umucyo mu nganda 8. Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora inganda zose zo mu Buhinde (AIPMA) - https://www.aipma.net/ - AIPMA iteza imbere inganda zijyanye na plastike mu koroshya imiyoboro, gusangira ubumenyi, no guharanira ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije. Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe atandukanye yinganda mubuhinde. Inzego zitandukanye zifite amashyirahamwe yihariye akorera mu iterambere no guteza imbere inganda zabo.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Ubuhinde nubukungu bwiyongera cyane kandi ni ihuriro ryinganda nyinshi. Dore zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye zubukungu nubucuruzi mubuhinde hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda: Urubuga rwemewe rwa minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri guverinoma y’Ubuhinde rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, amahirwe y’ishoramari, n’imibare y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Urubuga: www.commerce.gov.in 2. Banki nkuru y’ubuhinde (RBI): RBI ni banki nkuru ishinzwe politiki y’ifaranga no kugenzura ibigo by’imari mu Buhinde. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubukungu bwu Buhinde, amabwiriza y’ivunjisha, n’amabwiriza agenga ishoramari. Urubuga: www.rbi.org.in 3. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Buhinde (FICCI): FICCI ni rimwe mu mashyirahamwe manini y’inganda mu Buhinde ateza imbere inyungu z’ubucuruzi kandi yorohereza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: www.ficci.com 4. Ihuriro ry’inganda zo mu Buhinde (CII): CII igamije gushyiraho ibidukikije byorohereza ubucuruzi binyuze mu kunganira politiki, ubushakashatsi mu bucuruzi, no ku mbuga za interineti. Urubuga: www.cii.in 5. Banki yoherezwa mu mahanga n’Ubuhinde (EXIM Bank): Banki ya EXIM ishyigikira ibyoherezwa mu Buhinde itanga ubufasha bw’amafaranga ku bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye z’inguzanyo zohereza mu mahanga. Urubuga: www.eximbankindia.in 6. Shora Ubuhinde: Ni umuryango uyobowe n’ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere inganda n’ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu ufasha abashoramari ku isi gushinga imishinga mu Buhinde. Urubuga: https://www.investindia.gov.in/ 7. Ikigo cy’ivunjisha ry’Ubuhinde (SEBI): SEBI igenga amasoko y’imigabane harimo n’ivunjisha mu Buhinde, ikora neza ku bashoramari mu gihe izamura isoko. Urubuga: www.sebi.gov.in 8.Umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi - Amakuru ku biciro n’ibipimo by’ubucuruzi ku bicuruzwa na serivisi WTO itanga amakuru ajyanye n’amahoro yashyizweho ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu bihugu bitandukanye harimo n’ibisabwa n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi kuri bagenzi babo mu bucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.wto.org/

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka mubuhinde. Dore ingero nke: 1. Ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga (DGFT) - Uru ni urubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi yuzuye, harimo imibare itumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu Buhinde. Urubuga rutanga kandi ibikoresho na serivisi zitandukanye kugirango byorohereze ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: http://dgft.gov.in 2. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu mahanga (IEC) - Uru rubuga rwa interineti rutanga uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byihariye, amakuru y’amateka, hamwe n’imibare yoherezwa mu mahanga n’Ubuhinde. Urubuga rwemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa izina ryisosiyete kugirango babone amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.iecindia.org 3. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi - Yateguwe n'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy'Ubucuruzi (ITC), iyi platform itanga amakuru menshi y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bihugu bitandukanye, harimo n'Ubuhinde. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru arambuye yo kohereza no gutumiza mu mahanga inganda zitandukanye, ndetse na raporo zisesengura ku isoko. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org 4. Umuyoboro w’Ubuhinde - Uyobowe n’ishyirahamwe ry’amashyirahamwe yohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde (FIEO), uru rubuga rukora nk'urubuga rumwe ku bacuruzi no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde. Itanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi nkibigenda byisoko, politiki, inzira, ibiciro, kandi itanga uburyo bwo kugera kubaguzi-bagurisha isi. Urubuga: https://www.indiantradeportal.in 5.Export Genius- Uru rubuga rwishyuwe rutanga amakuru nyayo yohereza-ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu masoko menshi yo mu Buhinde, bitanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku byoherezwa birimo ibiciro, ingano yagurishijwe hagati y’ibihugu bifite amakuru y’abatanga / abaguzi. Urubuga: https://www.exportgenius.in Izi mbuga zirashobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha amakuru yingirakamaro ajyanye nibikorwa byubucuruzi bwu Buhinde no gufasha mu gufata ibyemezo byubucuruzi byuzuye bishingiye ku bushishozi bw’ibarurishamibare butangwa ku bijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Nyamuneka menya ko bisabwa kugenzura ukuri kwurubuga urwo arirwo rwose mbere yo kurukoresha mubikorwa byubucuruzi byoroshye

B2b

Ubuhinde bufite urubuga rwa B2B rukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Dore urutonde rwibibuga bimwe byingenzi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. IndiaMART (https://www.indiamart.com): IndiaMART ni rimwe mu masoko manini ya B2B mu Buhinde, ahuza abaguzi n’abagurisha mu nganda zitandukanye. 2. Ubucuruzi bwUbuhinde (https://www.tradeindia.com): TradeIndia itanga urubuga rwuzuye kubucuruzi bwo guhuza, gucuruza, no kwagura ibikorwa byabo mubice bitandukanye. 3. Abahinde bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (https://www.exportersindia.com): Abashoramari bo mu Buhinde bibanda ku kuzamura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Buhinde ku baguzi mpuzamahanga batanga urubuga rwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi. 4 5. Justdial (https://www.justdial.com): Nubwo izwi cyane nka moteri ishakisha aho, Justdial nayo ikora nka B2B ihuza ubucuruzi nabashobora kuba abakiriya mu nganda zitandukanye. 6. Kugura inganda (https://www.industrybuying.com): Inganda zubaka inganda zihariye mugutanga ibicuruzwa nibikoresho byinganda binyuze mumasoko yabyo kumurongo kubucuruzi mumirenge itandukanye. 7. Power2SME (https://www.power2sme.com): Igenewe ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (SMEs), Power2SME itanga urubuga rwa e-amasoko rutuma ubucuruzi butanga ibikoresho fatizo binyuze mubiguzi byinshi kubiciro byapiganwa. 8.Ubucuruzi (https://ofbusiness.com): OfBusiness igamije koroshya kugura ubucuruzi itanga igisubizo cyamasoko kumurongo kubikoresho byinganda nkibyuma, imiti, polymers, nibindi, byerekeranye na SMEs. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe ku bucuruzi bwo mu Buhinde guhuza abafatanyabikorwa bo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe borohereza ibicuruzwa byoroshye binyuze ku mbuga zabo za interineti.