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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubutaliyani, buzwi ku izina rya Repubulika y'Ubutaliyani, ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw'Amajyepfo. Ifite nka boot kandi igabana imipaka n'ibihugu nk'Ubufaransa, Ubusuwisi, Otirishiya, na Sloweniya. Ubutaliyani bufite ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye harimo inyanja nziza ku nyanja ya Mediterane hamwe n’imisozi itangaje nka Alpes. Ubutaliyani bufite amateka akomeye kuva kera. Yari ituye imwe mu mico ikomeye mu mateka, Ingoma y'Abaroma. Muri iki gihe, umurage w'amateka y'Ubutaliyani ugaragara mu bimenyetso nyaburanga byayo nka Colosseum i Roma n'amatongo ya Pompeii. Igihugu gifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 60. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa ni Igitaliyani, ariko uturere twinshi dufite imvugo yazo. Abenshi mu Butaliyani ni Abagatolika b'Abaroma kandi idini rifite uruhare runini muri sosiyete. Ubutaliyani buzwiho umuco ukomeye ndetse nintererano mubuhanzi, umuziki, nubuvanganzo. Bamwe mu bahanzi bakomeye ku isi nka Leonardo da Vinci na Michelangelo bavukiye hano. Ibyokurya byabataliyani bizwi kwisi yose kubera ibyokurya bya makaroni biryoshye, pizza, gelato (ice cream), hamwe na vino nziza. Ubukungu bw’Ubutaliyani buza mu bihugu binini by’Uburayi bifite inzego nk’ubukerarugendo bugira uruhare runini. Ba mukerarugendo binjira mu mijyi nka Roma hamwe n’ahantu nyaburanga hazwi cyane nko mu mujyi wa Vatikani na Florence hamwe n’ubugeni bw’ubuhanzi buzwi harimo na Uffizi Gallery. Umuryango w’abataliyani ushimangira ubumwe bukomeye mumiryango aho usanga ingo nyinshi. Iminsi mikuru nigice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabataliyani aho abaturage bahurira hamwe kugirango bizihize imigenzo binyuze mubirori nka Carnivale muri Venise cyangwa isiganwa ryamafarasi ya Palio ya Siena. Mu myaka yashize, Ubutaliyani bwahuye n’ibibazo by’ubukungu birimo umubare munini w’ubushomeri n’umwenda rusange; icyakora imbaraga zikomeje kugana ku bukungu binyuze mu ivugurura ritandukanye. Muri rusange, Ubutaliyani bugaragara cyane ku murage gakondo w’umuco ugizwe nubutunzi bwubuhanzi bwo mu binyejana byashize hamwe n’imiterere nyaburanga bituma iba imwe mu bukerarugendo bukunzwe cyane mu Burayi mu gihe ikurura abashyitsi baturutse ku isi.

Ubutaliyani bukoresha Euro (€) nkifaranga ryemewe. Euro ni ifaranga risangiwe rikoreshwa n’ibihugu 19 by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bizwi ku izina rya Eurozone. Yemejwe mu Butaliyani ku ya 1 Mutarama 1999, isimbuza Lira yo mu Butaliyani. Kwinjiza amayero byazanye impinduka zikomeye muri sisitemu y’ifaranga ry’Ubutaliyani. Euro imwe igabanijwemo 100. Ibiceri biraboneka mu madorari 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, na 50, kimwe nigiceri kimwe na bibiri bya Euro. Inoti ziza mu madini atandukanye: € 5, € 10, € 20, € 50, € 100, € 200, na 500. Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi (ECB) igenga politiki y’ifaranga ku bihugu byose bikoresha amayero. Bagenga igipimo cyinyungu kandi bagumana ihame ryibiciro muri Eurozone. Ibi bivuze ko amabanki yo mubutaliyani akurikiza umurongo ngenderwaho washyizweho na ECB kandi ugahuza politiki yabyo. Ubukungu bw’Ubutaliyani buri mu bihugu binini mu Burayi; niyo mpamvu igira uruhare runini mubiciro rusange byifaranga ryama euro. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha hagati y’amaeuro n’andi mafaranga y’amahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n’imiterere y’isoko cyangwa ibintu by’ubukungu bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Mugihe ugenda mubutaliyani cyangwa ukora ibikorwa byubukungu birimo ama Euro, nibyiza ko ubibona binyuze mubiro byemewe by’ivunjisha cyangwa amabanki ku giciro cyiza kugirango wirinde uburiganya cyangwa amafaranga y’impimbano. Muri rusange, Ubutaliyani bukoresha amayero nkifaranga ryemewe muri gahunda yashyizweho iyobowe n’ubuyobozi bw’ifaranga ry’igihugu yubahiriza amabwiriza agenwa na politiki ya Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi yo kubungabunga umutekano w’ibiciro mu Burayi.

Ifaranga ryemewe mu Butaliyani ni Euro (€). Igipimo cyo kuvunja amafaranga yingenzi kuri Euro kiratandukanye mugihe, bityo nzatanga agaciro kagereranijwe guhera Ukwakira 2021: 1 US $ (USD) ≈ 0,85 Euro (€) Pound 1 y'Abongereza (GBP) ≈ 1.16 Amayero (€) 1 Amadolari y'Abanyakanada (CAD) ≈ 0,66 Amayero (€) Amadorari 1 ya Australiya (AUD) ≈ 0,61 Euro (€) 1 Yapani Yen (JPY) ≈ 0.0077 Amayero (€) Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora guhinduka kandi ntibishobora kwerekana ibiciro biriho mugihe usoma aya makuru.

Ubutaliyani, igihugu kizwiho umurage ndangamuco gakondo, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye umwaka wose. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi: 1. Pasika (Pasqua): Yizihizwa mu mpeshyi, Pasika ifite akamaro gakomeye mu idini mu Butaliyani. Ibirori bitangirana nicyumweru gitagatifu bikarangira ku cyumweru cya Pasika. Imiryango ikunze guterana kugirango yishimire hamwe kandi ihana amagi ya shokora. 2. Umunsi wo Kwibohoza (Festa della Liberazione): Uyu munsi mukuru ku ya 25 Mata uribuka Ubutaliyani bwibohoye Fashisime mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Imihango rusange n’imyigaragambyo ibera mu gihugu hose, yubaha abaharanira ubwisanzure. 3. Umunsi wa Repubulika (Festa della Repubblica): Bizihijwe ku ya 2 Kamena, uyu munsi hizihizwa ishyirwaho rya Repubulika y’Ubutaliyani mu 1946 nyuma y’ubwami burangiye nyuma ya referendum rusange. 4. Umunsi mukuru wa Mutagatifu Yohani (Festa di San Giovanni): Kubaha umutagatifu w’umurinzi wa Florence, iri serukiramuco gakondo riba ku ya 24 Kamena hamwe n’ibirori bishimishije birimo parade, kwerekana imirishyo hejuru y’uruzi rwa Arno, n’ibirori bitandukanye by’umuco. 5. Umunsi wo Kwibwira (Assunzione di Maria cyangwa Ferragosto): Bizihizwa buri ya 15 Kanama mu gihugu hose, uyu munsi mukuru w’amadini ugaragaza ko Mariya yinjiye mu ijuru ukurikije imyizerere ya Gatolika. Abataliyani benshi bifashisha iyi minsi mikuru rusange kugirango bajye mu biruhuko cyangwa bamarane numuryango muri resitora yinyanja. 6. Umunsi w'abatagatifu bose (Ognissanti): Bizihizwa mu gihugu hose ku ya 1 Ugushyingo, Abataliyani basuye amarimbi kugira ngo bibuke ababo bapfuye bashira indabyo no gucana buji ku mva zabo. 7. Izi ni ingero nke gusa z'iminsi mikuru ikomeye y'Ubutaliyani, yerekana imico n'imigenzo by'igihugu. Ibirori byo kwizihiza kwabataliyani no gukurikiza cyane imigenzo bituma aya matariki akundwa nabenegihugu ndetse nabashyitsi.

Ubutaliyani n’ubukungu bwa munani bunini ku isi kandi ni umwe mu banyamuryango bashinze Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ifite ahantu heza mu Burayi bw'Amajyepfo, ikora nk'irembo hagati y'Uburayi n'ibihugu bya Mediterane. Ubutaliyani bufite ubukungu butandukanye n'imbaraga mu nzego zitandukanye. Igihugu gifite urwego rukora inganda rwateye imbere cyane cyane ruzwiho ibicuruzwa byiza, imyambarire, ibishushanyo, n’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. Ibiranga Ubutaliyani nka Ferrari, Gucci, Prada, na Fiat birazwi kwisi yose. Inganda zigira uruhare runini mubyoherezwa mu Butaliyani. Ku bijyanye n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, Ubutaliyani bufite umubano ukomeye n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’ibihugu byo hanze y’Uburayi. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’umufatanyabikorwa munini mu bucuruzi muri rusange. Ubudage nicyo gihugu cya mbere mu bihugu byoherezwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi, gikurikirwa n’Ubufaransa. Hanze y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Amerika ni isoko rikomeye ryohereza ibicuruzwa mu Butaliyani. Ubutaliyani bwohereza cyane cyane ibikoresho nibikoresho; ibice by'imodoka; imyenda; imyenda; inkweto; ibikoresho byo mu nzu; imiti; ibiribwa nka makaroni, vino, amavuta ya elayo; n'ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu nka peteroli inoze. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bizwi kubera ubukorikori no gushushanya. Ku ruhande rw'ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Ubutaliyani bushingiye cyane ku mutungo w'ingufu z'amahanga nka peteroli kuko ifite uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Itumiza kandi imashini n'ibikoresho bigamije gukora kuva ishaka kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bifasha ubucuruzi mu nganda. N'ubwo ari kimwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kugera ku masoko y’isi yose kubera ko byinjiye mu masezerano yo mu karere nk’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa Ishami ry’Ubucuruzi ku Isi (WTO), Ubutaliyani buhura n’ibibazo birimo ibibazo bya bureucratique bishobora kubangamira imikorere y’ubucuruzi kurushaho kunoza imyanya yayo mumasoko yubucuruzi bwisi yose bisaba imbaraga zikomeza mugutezimbere inzira mugihe dutezimbere udushya kugirango dukomeze guhangana mubihugu mpuzamahanga

Ubutaliyani bufite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko mubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga. Hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kandi byujuje ubuziranenge, ubushobozi bw’inganda zateye imbere, hamwe n’ahantu hateganijwe, Ubutaliyani bufite umwanya wo guhangana ku isoko ry’isi. Ubwa mbere, Ubutaliyani buzwiho inganda zerekana imideli. Ibiranga Ubutaliyani nka Gucci, Prada, na Armani birashakishwa cyane kwisi yose. Umurage mwiza wo gushushanya igihugu uhujwe nubukorikori buhanga butuma amazu yimyambarire yabataliyani akora ibicuruzwa byiza bikurura abakiriya bingeri zose. Ibi biratanga amahirwe akomeye yo kwagura ubucuruzi bwamahanga kuko ibyo bicuruzwa bifite igihagararo gikomeye kwisi. Icya kabiri, Ubutaliyani bufite inganda zitera imbere. Ibigo bizwi nka Ferrari na Lamborghini byahindutse ibimenyetso byimyambarire nibikorwa. Usibye imodoka za siporo, Ubutaliyani nabwo butanga moto nziza cyane nka Ducati. Kwaguka mumasoko mashya birashobora kubyara inyungu kubera ko izo modoka zifuzwa cyane kwisi. Byongeye kandi, Ubutaliyani buzwiho ibyokurya biryoshye nibicuruzwa byiza cyane. Kuva kuri makariso kugeza kumavuta ya elayo kugeza vino, ibyokurya byabataliyani byishimira abantu bo kumugabane wose. Kwibanda kuburyo gakondo bwo kubyaza umusaruro byongera ubwiza bwibiryo byabo ndetse binashimisha abaguzi bashaka ukuri. Byongeye kandi, Ubutaliyani buherereye ku nyanja ya Mediterane butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku masoko y’uburayi ndetse no muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati. Iyi myanya ihamye ishishikariza ubucuruzi hagati yumugabane bigatuma iba irembo ryiza kubucuruzi bushingiye kubyoherezwa mu mahanga bashaka kwagura isoko ryabo. Ubwanyuma, Ubutaliyani buzwiho kuba indashyikirwa burenze imyambarire n'ibiribwa; irazwi kandi kubera udushya tw’ikoranabuhanga mu nzego nko gukora imashini (urugero, gukoresha inganda mu nganda) n'ingufu zishobora kubaho (urugero, imirasire y'izuba). Izi nzego zitanga amahirwe kubufatanye bwamahanga mumishinga yubushakashatsi cyangwa amasezerano yo guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga. Muri rusange, kubera ko izwi cyane mu nganda zinyuranye zifatanije n’ubushobozi buhanitse bwo gukora n’ahantu hambere horohereza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, Ubutaliyani bufite amahirwe menshi adakoreshwa mu bijyanye no guteza imbere amasoko y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.

Guhitamo ibicuruzwa byiza ku isoko ry’Ubutaliyani birashobora kuba ingenzi kugirango umuntu yinjire neza ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hano hari ubushishozi bwuburyo bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye mubutaliyani. 1. Imyambarire n'ibicuruzwa byiza: Ubutaliyani buzwi kwisi yose kubera inganda zimyambarire. Wibande ku myambarire igezweho, ibikoresho, n'ibiranga ibintu byiza. Ibicuruzwa nkibikapu byabashushanyo, amasaha, inkweto, n imyenda biva mumazu azwi cyane yo mubutaliyani cyangwa mpuzamahanga yimyambarire afite isoko ryinshi ryaho. 2. Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Abataliyani bishimira cyane ibiryo byabo kandi bafitanye isano ikomeye nibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge. Tekereza kohereza amavuta ya elayo, pasta, vino, foromaje, ibishyimbo bya kawa, shokora, truffles, nibindi, byerekana uburyohe bwukuri bwUbutaliyani. 3. Ibikoresho byo murugo & Igishushanyo: Igishushanyo cyabataliyani cyubahwa cyane kwisi yose. Ibikoresho byo munzu nkibikoresho (cyane cyane muburyo bugezweho cyangwa bugezweho), ibikoresho byo kumurika, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni (harimo imashini za espresso), ibikoresho byo mu bwiherero bishobora kubona isoko ryakira mu Butaliyani. 4. Ibice byimodoka hamwe nImashini: Ubutaliyani bufite inganda zikomeye z’imodoka kuko zitanga ibinyabiziga bihebuje nka Ferrari cyangwa Lamborghini. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyangwa imashini zijyanye no gukora amamodoka birashobora gukoreshwa muri uru rwego rwagutse. 5.Ubuzima n’amavuta yo kwisiga: Abataliyani bashyira imbere kwita ku muntu ku giti cye; bityo rero ibicuruzwa bijyanye nubuzima nka cosmetike (cyane cyane kama / karemano), ibicuruzwa bivura uruhu hamwe nibintu byihariye bisaba kwitabwaho hano Zana ibikoresho byubuvuzi bishya cyangwa ibikoresho byubuzima byita kubantu bageze mu zabukuru 6.Ibikoresho bya tekinoloji & Gadgets: Kuba igihugu cyateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’abaguzi bazi gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bitanga amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike nka terefone igendanwa / mudasobwa / mudasobwa zigendanwa / tableti / imikino y’imikino / sisitemu y’amajwi n'ibindi. Menya amabwiriza y’ibanze yemeza guhuza mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki 7.Icyatsi kibisi gikemura ibibazo / Imirasire y'izuba: Mugihe imyumvire y’ibidukikije yiyongera mu Burayi ibaruramari ririmo abataliyani kavukire uburyo burambye bw’ingufu zirahamya ko abantu benshi bemera gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk’imirasire y'izuba igamije gukoresha / ubucuruzi, 8.Ibikoresho bya Siporo & Imyambarire: Abataliyani bakunda siporo, cyane cyane umupira w'amaguru. Tekereza kohereza ibikoresho bya siporo nkumupira wamaguru, jersey, inkweto za siporo kimwe nibicuruzwa bijyanye nimyambarire bikurura umuco wa siporo nubuzima bukora. Mbere yo kwinjira mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’Ubutaliyani, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi ku byerekezo byaho, gusobanukirwa ibyo abakiriya bakunda ndetse nuburyohe. Kugenda unyuze mumabwiriza agenga imisoro yatumijwe / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yubahiriza kubahiriza mugihe unatekereza gushiraho ubufatanye bukomeye nabacuruzi baho cyangwa abadandaza bashobora gufasha kumenyekanisha no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byawe neza.

Ubutaliyani nigihugu kizwiho umurage udasanzwe wumuco n'amateka akomeye. Ku bijyanye no gukorana nabakiriya b’abataliyani, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga abakiriya na kirazira zo kuzirikana. Abakiriya b'Abataliyani baha agaciro umubano bwite kandi bakunda kubashyira imbere kuruta ubucuruzi. Kubaka ikizere no gushiraho ubwumvikane nabagenzi bawe bo mubutaliyani nibyingenzi mubucuruzi bwiza. Ni ibisanzwe ko Abataliyani bishora mu biganiro bito mbere yo kujya mu bucuruzi, bityo rero utegereze ibiganiro byerekeye umuryango, ibyo ukunda, cyangwa ibyabaye muri iki gihe. Abataliyani kandi bashima kwitondera amakuru arambuye nibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa serivisi nziza. Bishimira cyane ibihangano byabo no kuba indashyikirwa, bityo rero menya neza ko ushimangira ubwiza bwibitambo byawe mugihe ukorana nabakiriya b’abataliyani. Kugaragaza ibicuruzwa byawe cyangwa serivisi nka top-notch bizashimirwa cyane. Byongeye kandi, kubahiriza igihe ntibishobora gukomera nko muyindi mico imwe n'imwe. Abataliyani bazwiho uburyo bworoshye bwo gucunga igihe, bivuze ko inama zishobora gutangira bitinze cyangwa zikarenza igihe cyateganijwe. Nyamara, ni ngombwa ko ugihagera mugihe cyo kubaha gahunda zabakiriya bawe. Kubijyanye na kirazira, ni ngombwa kwirinda ibiganiro kuri politiki keretse bitangijwe nabakiriya ubwabo. Politike irashobora kuba ingingo yunvikana kubera ibitekerezo bitandukanye mubataliyani kubyabaye vuba cyangwa amateka yamateka. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kuganira ku idini bigomba kwiyegereza ubwitonzi keretse bihuye neza n'ikiganiro. Ubwanyuma, irinde gukora rusange mubutaliyani ukurikije imyumvire cyangwa ibitekerezo. Buri karere ko mu Butaliyani gafite umwihariko wako n'imico gakondo; ni ngombwa rero kudashyira hamwe igihugu cyose gishingiye kuburambe buke. Mugusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira mugihe ukorana nabakiriya b’abataliyani, urashobora gushiraho umubano ukomeye wumwuga uzaganisha ku bufatanye bwiza muri iki gihugu gifite amateka.

Ubutaliyani buzwiho ibyiza nyaburanga, ubwubatsi butangaje, n'amateka akomeye. Ku bijyanye na gasutamo n’abinjira n’abinjira, Ubutaliyani bukomeza ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura imipaka kugira ngo umutekano w’umutekano bigerweho. Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi bigize gahunda yo gucunga gasutamo y'Ubutaliyani n'ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana iyo usuye: 1. Ibisabwa bya Passeport: Iyo binjiye mu Butaliyani, abagenzi baturuka mubihugu byinshi bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe ifite itariki izarangiriraho kurenza igihe bagenewe. 2. Amabwiriza ya Viza: Ukurikije ubwenegihugu bwawe, ushobora gukenera gusaba viza mbere yo kujya mu Butaliyani. Ni ngombwa kugenzura ibyangombwa bya viza ukurikije intego yawe yo gusura nigihe cyo kumara. 3. Itangazo rya gasutamo: Abashyitsi bose bageze mu Butaliyani bakeneye kuzuza urupapuro rwabigenewe rwa gasutamo niba batwaye ibicuruzwa birenze imipaka itishyurwa cyangwa bisaba uruhushya rwihariye. 4. Ibintu bibujijwe & Byabujijwe: Ni ngombwa kumenya ibintu bibujijwe kwinjira cyangwa gusohoka mu Butaliyani, nk'ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe, ibicuruzwa byiganano, intwaro / imbunda / ibisasu, amoko y’inyamaswa arinzwe / ibicuruzwa bikomokaho. 5. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA): Ubutaliyani bukoresha umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku byaguzwe byinshi bikozwe mu gihugu na ba mukerarugendo; ariko, abashyitsi baba hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi barashobora gusaba umusoro ku nyongeragaciro iyo bagiye mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. 6. Ibisabwa Gutanga Amafaranga: Niba uzanye amafaranga cyangwa ibikoresho byumvikanyweho bihwanye na € 10 000 cyangwa arenga (cyangwa bihwanye nayandi mafranga) mugihe winjiye cyangwa uvuye mubutaliyani ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutwara indege (€ 1 000 cyangwa irenga niba ugenda kubutaka / inyanja), ugomba kubitangaza kuri gasutamo. 7. Ibibujijwe ku nyamaswa / ibimera: Mu rwego rwo kwirinda gukwirakwiza indwara cyangwa guhungabanya ibidukikije, hakurikizwa amategeko akomeye yerekeye kwinjiza ibicuruzwa birimo inyama / amata / ibimera mu Butaliyani; nyamuneka saba amabwiriza yemewe mbere yo kuzana ibintu nkibi. 8. Amafaranga atishyurwa: Abagenzi bafite imyaka 17 nayirenga barashobora kuzana ibicuruzwa bimwe batishyuye amahoro ya gasutamo; izo nkunga zirimo inzoga, itabi, parufe, nibindi bintu. 9. COVID-19 Ingamba: Mugihe c'icyorezo, ingamba z’ubuzima n’umutekano zishobora kuba zihari, harimo n’ibizamini byateganijwe / karantine. Komeza kuvugururwa kumpanuro zingendo zemewe kugirango umenye niba amabwiriza ariho. 10. Ubwishingizi bw'ingendo: Nubwo atari itegeko kwinjira mu Butaliyani, kugira ubwishingizi bwingendo bukubiyemo ibibazo byihutirwa byubuvuzi birasabwa cyane ko wakwirinda amafaranga mugihe habaye ibintu bitunguranye. Wibuke ko inzira za gasutamo zishobora guhinduka mugihe; ni ngombwa kugenzura inkomoko zemewe nkurubuga rwa ambasade y’Ubutaliyani cyangwa ibiro by’Ambasade mbere y’urugendo rwawe kugira ngo ubone amakuru nyayo yerekeye sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo y’Ubutaliyani hamwe n’ibisabwa byihariye mu rubanza rwawe.

Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu Butaliyani igena imisoro itangwa ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byinjira mu gihugu. Intego nyamukuru yiyi politiki ni ukurinda inganda zo mu gihugu, guteza imbere ubucuruzi buboneye, no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Ubutaliyani bukoresha imisoro itandukanye ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, birimo imisoro ya gasutamo, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA), n'amahoro ku musoro. Amahoro ya gasutamo atangwa hashingiwe ku kode ya Harmonized Sisitemu (HS) ishyira mu byiciro ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Ibiciro biratandukanye bitewe nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa kandi birashobora kuba ad valorem (ijanisha rishingiye ku gaciro) cyangwa umusoro wihariye (amafaranga yagenwe kuri buri gice). Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ni umusoro ku byaguzwe ukoreshwa ku bicuruzwa na serivisi bigurishwa mu Butaliyani. Irakoreshwa kandi ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 22%, hamwe no kugabanya ibiciro bya 10% cyangwa 4% ku byiciro byihariye nk'ibiribwa, ibitabo, ibikoresho byo kwa muganga, n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, imisoro ku musoro ishyirwa ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga, ibicuruzwa by'itabi, ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu (urugero, peteroli), n'ibicuruzwa byiza. Iyi misoro igamije guca intege ibicuruzwa bikabije mu gihe byinjiza leta amafaranga y’inyongera. Twabibutsa ko Ubutaliyani nabwo buri muri politiki y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kubera ko ari igihugu cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bishobora gukurikiza andi mabwiriza agenga gasutamo n’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Byongeye kandi, Ubutaliyani bwashyizeho amasezerano menshi y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu cyangwa amatsinda nk’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu cyangwa ihuriro ry’amahoro. Muri aya masezerano, ibicuruzwa byihariye biva muri ibi bihugu birashobora kugabanyirizwa imisoro cyangwa gusonerwa hakurikijwe amasezerano. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kugisha inama zemewe nk’ibiro bya gasutamo by’Ubutaliyani cyangwa minisiteri bifitanye isano n’amakuru agezweho yerekeye igipimo cy’imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga kuko bishobora guhinduka buri gihe bitewe n’ubukungu butandukanye cyangwa ibyemezo bya leta.

Ubutaliyani bufite gahunda y’imisoro mu kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, bigamije kuzamura ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Iki gihugu gikurikiza politiki y’ibihugu by’Uburayi bihuriweho na gasutamo, ishyiraho imisoro n’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Butaliyani mu bindi bihugu. Igipimo cy’imisoro gikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n’ibintu byinshi, birimo ubwoko bwibicuruzwa, agaciro kacyo, n’igihugu kigana. Kugirango umenye igipimo cy’imisoro gikurikizwa, birakenewe ko ubaza ububiko bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (Igipimo cy’ibiciro by’ibihugu by’Uburayi), aho ushobora kubona amakuru yose ajyanye n’imisoro ya gasutamo. Abashora ibicuruzwa mu Butaliyani bungukirwa n’imisoro imwe n'imwe igamije gushishikariza ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro) uraboneka ku masosiyete yohereza mu mahanga yujuje ibipimo byihariye byashyizweho n'abayobozi b'Ubutaliyani. Uku gusonerwa kwemerera abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kwishura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro wakoreshejwe mu bicuruzwa cyangwa mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa bigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Byongeye kandi, ubucuruzi bwinjira mu mahanga bushobora gusaba porogaramu zidasanzwe nko guhunika ububiko cyangwa ububiko bwa gasutamo. Izi gahunda zemerera abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kubika ibicuruzwa byabo nta musoro mbere yo kubyohereza mu mahanga cyangwa no gutinza imisoro ya gasutamo kugeza igihe ibicuruzwa byabo bigurishijwe mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Twabibutsa kandi ko Ubutaliyani bugira uruhare runini mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi atandukanye (FTAs) n’ibihugu byo ku isi. Aya masezerano agamije gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigurishwa hagati y’ibihugu byitabiriye. Mugukoresha ayo masezerano ya FTA, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mubutaliyani barashobora kungukirwa no kugabanya imisoro kubyoherezwa mugihe bakorana nibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa. Muri rusange, Ubutaliyani bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigamije koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga butanga uburyo n’uburyo bugabanya ibiciro ndetse no koroshya inzira ku bucuruzi bugira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga hubahirizwa amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yashyizweho n’imiryango nk’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Ubutaliyani buzwi cyane kubera ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge n'ubukorikori, bwabonye umwanya uzwi ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kumenyekana no kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga, Ubutaliyani bwashyizeho uburyo bukomeye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Icyemezo nyamukuru cyoherezwa mu mahanga gisabwa n’abataliyani bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni Icyemezo cy’inkomoko (CO). Iyi nyandiko yemeza igihugu ibicuruzwa byakorewe cyangwa byakorewe. Itanga amakuru yingenzi kubyerekeye inkomoko yibicuruzwa, bishobora kugira ingaruka kubyo bitumizwa mu mahanga ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikagena imisoro ikoreshwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ibyemezo byihariye bishobora gukenerwa bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Butaliyani. Kurugero, ibiribwa nibikomoka ku buhinzi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bigakorerwa ubugenzuzi n’inzego zibishinzwe mbere yo koherezwa mu bindi bihugu. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu Butaliyani bakunze kubona icyemezo cya ISO 9000. Iri hame ryemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ryemeza ko ibigo byashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bihore bitanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo by’abakiriya. Byongeye kandi, imirenge imwe isaba izindi mpamyabumenyi kubera impungenge z'umutekano cyangwa inzobere. Kurugero, abakora imyenda barashobora gukenera Oeko-Tex Standard 100 ibyemezo byimyenda yabo kugirango bemeze ko nta bintu byangiza. Byongeye kandi, inganda zimwe zishobora gushaka sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije (ISO 14000) cyangwa sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (ISO 50001) murwego rwo kwiyemeza kuramba. Korohereza ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubutaliyani n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu bucuruzi, imiryango itandukanye nk’ingereko z’ubucuruzi igira uruhare runini mu gutanga ibyangombwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Bafasha kwemeza kubahiriza amategeko mugihe batanga serivisi zunganira ubucuruzi bwinjira mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange, abataliyani bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kunyura mu nzego zitandukanye zemeza kandi bagakurikiza amabwiriza atandukanye bitewe n’inganda zabo. Izi ngamba ni ntangarugero kuko ntizirinda abaguzi gusa ahubwo zizamura izina ry’Ubutaliyani nk’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byizewe kandi bifite ibicuruzwa byiza.

Ubutaliyani, buherereye mu Burayi bw’Amajyepfo, buzwiho amateka akungahaye, ahantu nyaburanga, ndetse n’ibyokurya biryoshye. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo gutwara no gutwara abantu mu Butaliyani, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Ubwa mbere, Ubutaliyani bufite umuyoboro wogutwara wateye imbere ugizwe numuhanda, gari ya moshi, inzira y'amazi, hamwe no gutwara abantu. Sisitemu yumuhanda ni nini kandi ikora neza hamwe ninzira nyabagendwa ihuza imijyi minini na zone yinganda. Nyamara, ubwinshi bwimodoka burashobora kugaragara cyane mumijyi nka Roma cyangwa Milan mugihe cyamasaha. Icya kabiri, gahunda ya gari ya moshi mu Butaliyani ni iyo kwizerwa cyane kandi ikora neza mu gutwara ibicuruzwa mu gihugu hose. Trenitalia ikora urusobe runini rwa gari ya moshi zihuza imijyi minini kandi itanga serivisi zitwara ibicuruzwa. Ibigo bishaka gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu gice cy’Ubutaliyani bijya mu kindi birashobora gutekereza gukoresha sisitemu ya gari ya moshi mu buryo buhendutse. Ubwikorezi bw'amazi bugira uruhare runini mu bikoresho byo mu Butaliyani kubera inkombe ndende n'ibikoresho byo ku cyambu. Ibyambu bikomeye nka Genoa, Naples, Venise, na Trieste bitwara imizigo myinshi. Ibyo byambu bitanga serivisi zisanzwe hamwe nubwikorezi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Ubutaliyani bufite ibibuga byindege byinshi bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino (Roma), ikibuga cy’indege cya Malpensa (Milan), cyangwa ikibuga cy’indege cya Marco Polo (Venice). Ibi bibuga byindege byorohereza ingendo zitwara abagenzi kimwe na serivisi zitwara indege bigatuma bahitamo neza kubigo bisaba kohereza ibicuruzwa byihuse. Kubijyanye na gasutamo n'amabwiriza ajyanye no gutumiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu / mu Butaliyani; hari ibyangombwa bimwe bisabwa bigomba kuzuzwa harimo inyemezabuguzi yubucuruzi isobanura ibicuruzwa / agaciro / ubwinshi / inkomoko mubindi; urutonde; fagitire yo kwishyuza / inzira yo guhumeka; uruhushya rwo gutumiza / kohereza hanze bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bitwarwa n'ibindi. Kugirango ibikorwa bigende neza mugikorwa cyibikoresho byo mubutaliyani harebwa guha akazi abatanga ibikoresho byabimenyereye bafite ubumenyi bukomeye kubijyanye n’amabwiriza y’ibanze / gasutamo bizerekana ko ari ingirakamaro. Byongeye kandi, guhuza imbaraga hamwe n’isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo yo mu Butaliyani bishobora gufasha kuyobora inzira za gasutamo zigoye neza. Mu gusoza, Ubutaliyani butanga umuyoboro uhuza abantu benshi ugizwe n'imihanda, gari ya moshi, ubwikorezi bw'amazi, n'ingendo zo mu kirere. Isosiyete irashobora gukoresha ubwo buryo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu kugirango ibicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu cyangwa bishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ariko, gushaka ubuyobozi kubashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho byuburambe no kubahiriza ibyangombwa bisabwa ni ibintu byingenzi kugirango ibikorwa by’ibikoresho bigenda neza mu Butaliyani.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Ubutaliyani buzwiho umurage ukungahaye ku muco, ibyiza nyaburanga, hamwe n'ibyokurya biryoshye. Icyakora, ni ihuriro rikomeye mu bucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura zimwe mu nzira zingenzi n’ubucuruzi bwerekana ko ari ngombwa ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa biva mu Butaliyani. Bumwe mu buryo bwingenzi bwo guhuza abatanga Ubutaliyani ni imurikagurisha. Iri murika ritanga urubuga aho ibigo bishobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi kubantu benshi bashobora kugura. Bimwe mu bucuruzi bwamamaye mu Butaliyani harimo icyumweru cy’imyambarire ya Milan, Vinitaly (imurikagurisha rinini rya divayi ku isi), Cosmoprof (imurikagurisha ryiza ryiza), na Salone del Mobile (imurikagurisha ry’ibikoresho bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga). Ibi birori bikurura ibihumbi byabashyitsi mpuzamahanga baza kureba ibigezweho no gushiraho ubufatanye mubucuruzi. Usibye imurikagurisha, hari amasoko menshi hamwe nu mbuga za interineti byorohereza amasoko mpuzamahanga kuva mu Butaliyani. Ihuriro nk'iryo ni Alibaba.com yo mu Butaliyani Pavilion, yita cyane cyane ku bucuruzi bushakisha abatanga Ubutaliyani. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubice bitandukanye nkimyambarire, imashini, ibiryo & ibinyobwa, imitako yo murugo, nibindi. Undi muyoboro wingenzi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga ni ugukorana nubucuruzi bwabataliyani cyangwa abadandaza binyuze mumiyoboro yaho cyangwa amashyirahamwe yinganda. Aya mashyirahamwe atanga uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byizewe muguhuza abaguzi bo mumahanga namasosiyete yabataliyani kabuhariwe mubikorwa byihariye nkimyambarire & imyenda (urugero, Sistema Moda Italia) cyangwa gukora amamodoka (urugero, ANFIA). Ku bashishikajwe no gushaka ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa byujuje ubuziranenge bivuye mu Butaliyani - bizwi ku isi hose kubera ubuhanga bwo guteka - hari ingamba zabigenewe nka "Umushinga wo guteza imbere ibiribwa nyabyo mu Butaliyani." Uyu mushinga ugamije kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa by’Ubutaliyani mu mahanga ubemeza ko bitemewe n’ubuziranenge. Byongeye kandi, Ubutaliyani bwashyizeho umubano w’ibihugu byinshi ku isi binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi (FTAs). Urugero, kuva mu 2011 Ubutaliyani bwagize amasezerano y’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubuyapani byorohereza ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi. Aya masezerano atanga urwego rwiza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga kugirango bagere ku bicuruzwa byo mu Butaliyani bagabanijwe ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’izindi nzitizi z’ubucuruzi. Ubwanyuma, Ubutaliyani umurage gakondo wubukorikori nubukorikori bituma uba ahantu heza kubashaka ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byakozwe n'intoki. Imijyi nka Florence, izwiho ibicuruzwa byuruhu, itanga amahirwe kubaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza abanyabukorikori baho cyangwa binyuze mubucuruzi bwihariye cyangwa imurikagurisha ryabanyabukorikori. Mu gusoza, Ubutaliyani butanga inzira zitandukanye kubaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha mugihe bashaka guteza imbere umubano nabatanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva mu isoko. Imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha bigira uruhare runini mu guhuza ubucuruzi mu nzego zose. Urubuga rwa interineti nka Alibaba.com yo mu Butaliyani Pavilion itanga uburyo bworoshye kubantu benshi batanga ibicuruzwa byabataliyani, mugihe imiyoboro yo mukarere hamwe n’amashyirahamwe yinganda bitanga imiyoboro igamije. Amasezerano yubucuruzi yubucuruzi yorohereza ubucuruzi bworoshye, kandi imigenzo yubukorikori bwUbutaliyani yongeraho gukoraho umwihariko kuburambe. Muri rusange, Ubutaliyani bukomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga ku masoko mpuzamahanga.

Imashini zishakisha

Mu Butaliyani, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni Google, Bing, na Yahoo. 1) Google: moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kwisi, Google nayo ikoreshwa cyane mubutaliyani. Itanga uburambe bwubushakashatsi bwuzuye kandi itanga serivisi zitandukanye nka imeri (Gmail), amakarita (Ikarita ya Google), hamwe nubusobanuro (Google Translate). Urubuga: www.google.it 2) Bing: Yakozwe na Microsoft, Bing niyindi moteri ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi mubutaliyani. Itanga ibintu bisa na Google ariko ifite intera itandukanye no kwerekana ibisubizo by'ishakisha. Urubuga: www.bing.com 3) Yahoo: Mugihe Yahoo itakunzwe nkuko byahoze ku isi yose, iracyafite abakoresha benshi mubutaliyani. Iyi moteri ishakisha kandi itanga amakuru mashya hamwe na imeri imeri kubakoresha. Urubuga: www.yahoo.it 4) Virgilio: Nubwo idashobora kugera ku ntera nini ugereranije n’ibihangange ku isi nka Google cyangwa Bing, Virgilio ni umuyoboro wihariye w’Ubutaliyani urimo ibikorwa byo gushakisha urubuga hamwe nizindi serivisi nko kuvugurura amakuru no kwakira imeri. Urubuga: www.virgilio.it 5) Libero: Ikindi gikorwa cyabataliyani baho batanga gushakisha kurubuga hamwe na serivise za interineti ni Libero. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru yamakuru, serivisi za imeri, amakuru yimari, raporo yikirere hamwe nubushakashatsi bwabo kururu rubuga. Urubuga: www.libero.it 6) Yandex: Nubwo ahanini ifitanye isano n’umugabane w’Uburusiya ku bijyanye n’imikoreshereze y’isi yose, Yandex ikora kandi nk’isoko ryinshi ryo gushakisha mu Butaliyani ndetse no gutanga ibintu byifashishwa mu mbuga za interineti nka serivisi ya posita (@ yandex.com). Urubuga (ruherereye mu Butaliyani): yandex.com.tr/italia/ 7) Baza.com (Baza Jeeves): Ubusanzwe washinzwe nka Baza Jeeves mbere yo kwisubiraho kuri Ask.com nyuma; iki kibazo-n-igisubizo gishingiye kuri moteri ishakisha yagumanye urwego rwabakoresha ku isoko ryUbutaliyani. Nyamara ahanini byitwa ko bizwi cyane mugihe cyambere ya 2000, imikoreshereze yayo yagabanutse mumyaka yashize. Urubuga: www.ask.com Izi nimwe mumoteri ishakisha ikoreshwa mubutaliyani, itanga ibyifuzo byinshi kandi bikenewe kugirango ubone amakuru kumurongo.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Mu Butaliyani, impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo ububiko ni: 1. Pagine Gialle - Ububiko bukunzwe cyane kandi bukoreshwa cyane mubutaliyani, butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi mubice bitandukanye. Urubuga: www.paginegialle.it 2. Pagine Bianche - Ubundi bubiko buzwi cyane bwibanda kuri nimero za terefone zo guturamo hamwe na aderesi, hamwe nu rutonde rwubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.paginebianche.it 3. Italiaonline - Urubuga rwuzuye rwa interineti rutanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo impapuro z'umuhondo kubucuruzi mubutaliyani. Urubuga: www.proprietari-online.it 4. Gelbeseiten - Ububiko bwagenewe gutanga amakuru ku masosiyete n’ubucuruzi biherereye cyane cyane mu majyepfo ya Tyrol na Trentino yo mu majyaruguru y’Ubutaliyani, bifite abaturage benshi bavuga Ikidage. Urubuga: www.gelbeseiten.it 5 Urubuga: www.klicktel.it Ububiko ntabwo butanga amakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi butandukanye gusa ahubwo butanga nibindi byongeweho nkamakarita, isuzuma ryabakiriya, amanota, hamwe nubuyobozi bufasha abakoresha kubona ibyo bakeneye neza. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ububiko bushobora kuba bwarishyuye urutonde rwamamaza kimwe nu rutonde rwibanze rwubucuruzi kubucuruzi bitewe nibyo bakunda cyangwa abiyandikishije. Nyamuneka menya ko ari byiza kugenzura ukuri namakuru agezweho kuva kurubuga rwavuzwe haruguru mbere yo gufata ibyemezo byubucuruzi bishingiye kubuyobozi.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Ubutaliyani bubamo imiyoboro minini ya e-ubucuruzi ihuza ibikenewe bitandukanye. Hano hari amwe mumasoko azwi kumurongo kumurongo mubutaliyani hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Amazone y'Ubutaliyani: Nka ishami ryubutaliyani ryigihangange e-ubucuruzi bwisi yose, Amazon itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibitabo, imideri, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.amazon.it 2. eBay Ubutaliyani: eBay ni isoko izwi cyane kumurongo aho abantu nubucuruzi bashobora kugura no kugurisha ibintu bishya cyangwa byakoreshejwe mubyiciro bitandukanye. Urubuga: www.ebay.it 3. Igiciro: Eprice yibanda kuri electronics nibikoresho byo murugo bitanga ibiciro byapiganwa no kugabanyirizwa bisanzwe kuri terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, televiziyo, kamera, nibindi bikoresho. Urubuga: www.eprice.it 4. Unieuro: Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa na tableti kugeza kuri tereviziyo n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo biva ku bicuruzwa bizwi nka Samsung, Apple, LG n'ibindi Urubuga: www.unieuro.it 5. Zalando Italia: Zalando irazwi cyane muguhitamo ibintu byinshi byimyambarire harimo imyenda yabagabo, abagore, nabana ndetse nibikoresho nkinkweto, imifuka, imitako nibindi .Urubuga: www.zalando.it 6. Yoox: Yoox ni umucuruzi ucuruza imideli kumurongo utanga ibicuruzwa byo murwego rwohejuru byimyambarire y'abagabo n'abagore, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, n'inkweto ku giciro cyagenwe.Urubuga: www.yoox.com/it 7. Lidl Italia: Lidl numuyoboro wa supermarket utanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibiribwa, ibikoresho byo murugo, imyambaro, nibindi bicuruzwa bitandukanye byabaguzi ku giciro cyiza ukoresheje urubuga rwa interineti.Urubuga: www.lidl-shop.it 8. Glovo italiya: Glovo italia.com itanga serivisi zo gutanga ibiryo zihuza abakiriya na resitora, pizeriya, amaduka y'ibiribwa, na farumasi zibemerera gutumiza ibicuruzwa byabo byoroshye binyuze muri porogaramu cyangwa kurubuga. Urubuga: https: //glovoapp.com/ Izi ni ingero nke gusa za e-ubucuruzi bukomeye bwa e-ubucuruzi mubutaliyani. Ukurikije ibyo ukunda hamwe nubucuruzi bukenewe, urashobora gushakisha kururu rubuga kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa na serivisi byoroshye kugezwa kumuryango wawe.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Ubutaliyani bufite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n’abaturage bacyo. Dore bimwe mubigaragara cyane hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/): Nta gushidikanya ko Facebook ari imwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane mu Butaliyani. Iyemerera abantu guhuza, gusangira amafoto na videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda cyangwa ibyabaye. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/): Instagram irazwi cyane mubataliyani kubera gusangira amafoto na videwo ngufi. Abantu benshi, abaterankunga, nubucuruzi bakoresha iyi platform kugirango berekane ibiboneka. 3. WhatsApp (https://www.whatsapp.com/): WhatsApp ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa ikoreshwa cyane yemerera abakoresha kohereza inyandiko, guhamagara amajwi cyangwa videwo, gusangira dosiye za interineti, no gukora ibiganiro mu matsinda. 4. Twitter (https://twitter.com/): Twitter ifasha abakoresha mubutaliyani kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa "tweet" bugarukira ku nyuguti 280. Ikora nk'urubuga rwiza rwo kuvugurura amakuru, kuganira ku ngingo zitandukanye, no gukurikira imibare rusange. 5. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/): LinkedIn ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byo guhuza umwuga mubutaliyani. Abantu barashobora gukora imyirondoro yerekana uburambe bwakazi, ubuhanga, nibikorwa bagezeho mugihe bahuza nabakozi bakorana cyangwa abakoresha. 6. TikTok (https://www. 7. Snapchat (https: 8. Kurikira (https://www.p Interest.it/): Pinterest itanga Abataliyani pinboard isanzwe aho bashobora kubika ibitekerezo kumutwe utandukanye nko gushushanya urugo, imyambarire yimyambarire, resept nibindi, byakusanyirijwe kurubuga rutandukanye kurubuga rwa interineti. 9. Telegaramu (https://telegram.org/): Telegram igenda ikundwa cyane mu Butaliyani nka porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa yibanda ku buzima bwite. Itanga ibiranga nkibiganiro byabitswe, ubutumwa bwo mu matsinda, hamwe nububiko bushingiye ku bicu. 10. WeChat (https: Izi ni ingero nke gusa zimbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa nabataliyani burimunsi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko urutonde rushobora guhinduka mugihe uko urubuga rushya rugaragara cyangwa ibyifuzo bihinduka.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Ubutaliyani buzwiho ubukungu butandukanye kandi bukomeye, inganda zitandukanye zigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu. Hano hari amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda zUbutaliyani hamwe nurubuga rwabo. 1. Confcommercio - Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi z’Ubutaliyani (http://www.confcommerciodimodena.it) Confcommercio ihagarariye kandi ishyigikira urwego rwubucuruzi, ubukerarugendo, na serivisi mubutaliyani. Itanga ubufasha kubucuruzi itanga inama mubyamategeko, guteza imbere kwihangira imirimo, no guhagararira inyungu zabo muri politiki ya leta. 2. Confindustria - Ihuriro rusange ry’inganda z’Ubutaliyani (https://www.confindustria.it) Confindustria nishyirahamwe rinini rihagarariye amasosiyete akora inganda mubutaliyani. Intego yacyo yibanze ni uguteza imbere iterambere ryinganda binyuze mubuvugizi, ibikorwa bya lobbying, no gushyigikira guhangana mubucuruzi. 3. Assolombarda - Ishyirahamwe ryaba nganda mu karere ka Lombardy (https://www.facile.org/assolombarda/) Assolombarda iteza imbere iterambere ryinganda kandi ihagarariye ibigo birenga 5,600 byabanyamuryango bikorera i Lombardy. Yibanze ku gutera inkunga inganda zitandukanye zirimo inganda, serivisi, ubuhinzi, 4. Federalberghi - Ihuriro ry’amahoteri na resitora (http://www.federalberghi.it) Federalberghi ihagarariye amahoteri na resitora mu Butaliyani mu guharanira inyungu zabo haba ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Itanga serivisi nkubufasha mu by'amategeko bijyanye n'amabwiriza yo kwakira abashyitsi, 5.Confagricoltura - Ihuriro rusange ry’ubuhinzi bw’Ubutaliyani (https://www.confagricolturamilano.eu/) Confagricoltura ikora nk'umuryango w’ubucuruzi w’ubuhinzi mu Butaliyani uhagarariye inyungu z’abahinzi binyuze mu bikorwa byo guharanira inyungu,

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Ubutaliyani, nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ubukungu bwa 8 ku isi mu bukungu, bufite imbuga za interineti nyinshi z’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi zitanga amakuru y’ingirakamaro ku bucuruzi n’abashoramari. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. Ikigo cy’Ubucuruzi cy’Ubutaliyani (ITA): Urubuga rwemewe rwa ITA ruzamura ibicuruzwa na serivisi by’Ubutaliyani ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Itanga amakuru kumahirwe yubucuruzi, raporo yihariye yumurenge, ibyabaye mubucuruzi, gushimangira ishoramari, hamwe nuyobora isoko. Urubuga: https://www.ice.it/en/ 2. Ubutaliyani-Urubuga rw’ubucuruzi ku isi: Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru ajyanye n'amahirwe mpuzamahanga mu nzego zitandukanye ku masosiyete yo mu Butaliyani ashaka kwaguka ku isi. Urubuga: https://www.businessinitalyportal.com/ 3. Urusobe rw’ubucuruzi rw’Ubutaliyani (UnionCamere): Uyu muyoboro ugizwe n’ingereko z’ubucuruzi zitandukanye mu Butaliyani kandi utanga ibikoresho ku bucuruzi bushaka ubufatanye cyangwa amahirwe yo gushora imari mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Urubuga: http://www.unioncameremarmari.it/en/urugo 4. Gushora mu Butaliyani - Ikigo cy’Ubucuruzi cy’Ubutaliyani: Bihaye gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu Butaliyani, uru rubuga rutanga amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye no gushora imari, isesengura ry’ibidukikije mu bucuruzi, ibisobanuro by’amategeko, ndetse n’ubuyobozi intambwe ku yindi mu gushora imari mu nzego zihariye. Urubuga: https://www.investinitaly.com/ 5. Minisiteri y’iterambere ry’ubukungu (MISE): Urubuga rwa MISE rusangira amakuru kuri politiki y’inganda, gahunda zo guhanga udushya ziteza imbere umuco wo kwihangira imirimo, gahunda zo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze zateguwe na leta mu rwego rwo koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/index.php/en 6. Banki y’Ubutaliyani (Banca d'Italia): Nka banki nkuru y’igihugu igira uruhare mu ihungabana ry’imari no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ifaranga muri gahunda y’uburayi bw’ibanki nkuru; urubuga rwarwo rutanga imibare yuzuye yubukungu harimo ibipimo by’ifaranga no gusuzuma politiki y’ifaranga. Urubuga: https://www.bancaditalia.it/ 7. Confcommercio - Ihuriro rusange ryibigo nkubukerarugendo & SMEs: Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye ubucuruzi mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, serivisi, n'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (SMEs). Urubuga rwabo rutanga ubumenyi mubyerekezo byubukungu kimwe na raporo zihariye. Urubuga: https://en.confcommercio.it/ Izi mbuga zirashobora kuba umutungo wingenzi kubucuruzi nabantu bashishikajwe no gushakisha amahirwe mubukungu mubutaliyani. Birasabwa gusura izi mbuga kubijyanye namakuru agezweho namakuru yukuri yerekeye imirenge cyangwa uturere runaka.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa mubaza amakuru yubucuruzi mubutaliyani. Dore bike muribi hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Istat (Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare): Iki nicyo kigo cy’ibarurishamibare cyemewe cy’Ubutaliyani kandi gitanga amakuru y’ubukungu atandukanye harimo n’imibare y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Urubuga: http://www.istat.it/en/ 2. Ikarita yubucuruzi: Nububiko bwa interineti bubungabunzwe nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (ITC) butanga uburyo bwo kubona imibare mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi, harimo namakuru yo mubutaliyani. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/Urugo.aspx 3. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): Yateguwe na Banki y'Isi, WITS yemerera abakoresha kubona amakuru y’ubucuruzi n’amahoro ku bihugu byinshi birimo Ubutaliyani. Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/ITA 4. Eurostat: Nkibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Eurostat itanga kandi amakuru arambuye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, harimo amakuru yerekeye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu Butaliyani. Urubuga: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/ububiko 5. Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububikoshingiro butanga amakuru yuzuye yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi, harimo n’Ubutaliyani. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ Uru rubuga rutanga ibikoresho nibikoresho bitandukanye byo gushakisha no gusesengura amakuru yubucuruzi mu Butaliyani hashingiwe ku bicuruzwa cyangwa inganda zihariye, ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa, ibihe, n'ibindi.

B2b

Ubutaliyani bufite urubuga rwa B2B rwita ku nganda n’imirenge itandukanye. Hano hari urubuga rwa B2B ruzwi cyane mubutaliyani hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Alibaba Italia (www.alibaba.com): Imwe mumasoko akomeye ku isi ya B2B kumurongo wa interineti, Alibaba itanga urubuga rwihariye kubucuruzi bwabataliyani guhuza nabaguzi mpuzamahanga nabatanga ibicuruzwa. 2. Iburayi (www.europages.it): Europage ikora nk'ubuyobozi bw'amasosiyete yo mu Burayi, ihuza ubucuruzi mu nganda n’imirenge itandukanye yo mu Butaliyani ndetse no mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi. 3. Inkomoko yisi yose Ubutaliyani (www.globalsources.com/italy): Uru rubuga rutanga inganda zabataliyani, abatanga ibicuruzwa, nabatumiza mu mahanga amahirwe yo kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo kwisi yose, bikurura abaguzi baturutse impande zose zisi. 4 5 6. Exportiamo (www.exportiamo.com): Exportiamo yibanda cyane cyane korohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kumasosiyete yo mubutaliyani mubahuza nabashobora kugura ibicuruzwa baturutse mubihugu bitandukanye kwisi. 7 Izi ni ingero nkeya za B2B ziboneka mubutaliyani; hashobora kubaho ubundi buryo bwihariye bushingiye ku nganda cyangwa imyuga yihariye.