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Incamake y'igihugu
Boliviya, izwi ku izina rya Leta ya Plurinational ya Boliviya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1.098.581, ihana imbibi na Berezile mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba no mu burasirazuba, Paraguay na Arijantine mu majyepfo, Chili mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, na Peru mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wa Boliviya ni Sucre. Amateka ya Boliviya yamaze imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'abasangwabutaka batera imbere mu karere kayo mbere gato yuko Espanye yigarurira. Muri iki gihe, ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 11 bagizwe n'amoko atandukanye arimo abasangwabutaka ba Quechua na Aymara. Imiterere y’igihugu iratandukanye kandi ikubiyemo ibibaya bigera ahantu hanini ndetse n’imisozi miremire. Imisozi ya Andes yiganje cyane mu burengerazuba bwa Boliviya aho impinga zimwe zizamuka hejuru ya metero 6.000 (metero 19,685) z'uburebure. Byongeye kandi, Boliviya ifite umutungo kamere nkibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaze hamwe namabuye y'agaciro nka tin. Mu bijyanye n'ubukungu, Boliviya yagize iterambere rigaragara mu myaka yashize; icyakora iracyari kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane muri Amerika y'Epfo kubera ubusumbane bw’amafaranga no kubona ubushobozi buke ku baturage benshi. Ubuhinzi bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Boliviya hamwe n’ibicuruzwa nka soya, ibishyimbo bya kawa, amababi ya Coca, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’ubuhinzi mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyemera ubwiza bwacyo nk'umutungo wo gukurura ubukerarugendo. Boliviya ifite ahantu nyaburanga nko mu kiyaga cya Titicaca - kimwe mu biyaga binini byo muri Amerika y'Epfo - hamwe n'amagorofa atangaje y'umunyu nka Salar de Uyuni, iherereye ku butumburuke bwa kilometero 3 (9 ft). Umuco ukize, societe ya Boliviya yerekana imigenzo ikomeye yashinze imizi mumigenzo kavukire. Iminsi mikuru yizihiza imihango ya kera irashobora kugaragara mu turere dutandukanye hirya no hino muri Boliva. Ingaruka ziva muri iyo mico kavukire zishobora no kugaragara mubuhanzi bwabo, guteka, ndetse numuziki- urangwa imyenda y'amabara, imyenda nka ponchos, ibiryo bishingiye ku bigori, n'indirimbo gakondo za Andean. N’ubwo Boliviya ihura n’ibibazo by’imibereho n’ubukungu, Boliviya ihagaze nkigihugu kidasanzwe gifite umurage wacyo w’umuco ndetse n’ibitangaza nyaburanga bikomeje gushimisha abashyitsi baturutse ku isi.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Boliviya, izwi ku izina rya Leta ya Boliviya, ifite ifaranga ryayo ryitwa Boliviya Boliviano (BOB). Boliviano igabanijwemo amafaranga 100 cyangwa centavos. Inoti ziriho zitangwa na Banki Nkuru ya Boliviya ziri mu madini ya 10, 20, 50, 100 na 200 bolivianos. Buri nyandiko igaragaramo amateka atandukanye nibiranga ibimenyetso byerekana umurage gakondo wa Boliviya. Naho ibiceri, bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bito. Hano hari ibiceri biboneka mu madorari cyangwa centavos iri hagati ya 10 na 50. Ubukungu bwa Boliviya bushingiye cyane ku mutungo kamere nk'amabuye y'agaciro na gaze yoherezwa mu mahanga. Agaciro ka boliviano ihindagurika ishingiye kubintu nkibihe byubukungu bwimbere mu gihugu nimbaraga zisoko ryisi yose bigira ingaruka kumutungo. Serivise zivunjisha ziraboneka cyane muri Boliviya kubashyitsi bifuza guhindura amafaranga yabo muri bolivianos cyangwa ubundi. Ni ngombwa kugereranya igipimo cyivunjisha kubatanga ibintu bitandukanye kuko bishobora gutandukana gato. Mu myaka yashize, Boliviya yagize ihungabana ugereranije n’ifaranga ryayo nubwo hari ihindagurika ryatewe n’ibintu byo hanze nk’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’ifaranga kugira ngo ibungabunge umutekano w’imari no gucunga neza ifaranga. Buri gihe ni byiza ko abagenzi basura Boliviya bagira amafaranga y’ibanze mu bikorwa bya buri munsi nk'ibiribwa, ubwikorezi, ndetse no kugura ibintu bito kubera ko ibigo byose bitemera amakarita y'inguzanyo cyangwa amafaranga y'amahanga. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa guhanga amaso fagitire mpimbano mugihe ukoresha amafaranga. Muri rusange, mugihe usuye Boliviya cyangwa kwishora mubukungu bwayo nkumukerarugendo cyangwa umucuruzi, gusobanukirwa uko ifaranga ryifashe muri iki gihugu bizafasha gukora neza imari muri iki gihugu cyo muri Amerika yepfo.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Isoko ryemewe muri Boliviya ni Boliviya Boliviano (BOB). Kugeza ubu, igipimo cy’ivunjisha cya Boliviya Boliviano (BOB) ugereranije n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi ni aya akurikira: 1 BOB = 0.14 USD 1 BOB = 0.12 EUR 1 BOB = 10.75 INR 1 BOB = 11.38 JPY Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha biterwa nihindagurika kandi birashobora gutandukana mugihe.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Boliviya, igihugu cyo muri Amerika yepfo idafite inkombe, yizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Ibi birori byerekana imico itandukanye yigihugu ndetse nakamaro kayo mumateka. Dore bimwe mubiruhuko bikomeye bya Boliviya: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge (6 Kanama): Bizihijwe mu gihugu hose, Umunsi wubwigenge wizihije Boliviya yibohoye ku butegetsi bwabakoloni ba Espagne mu 1825. Umunsi wuzuyemo imyigaragambyo yo mumuhanda, imiziki, nimbyino. 2. Carnaval de Oruro: Bikorerwa mu mujyi wa Oruro buri Gashyantare cyangwa Werurwe, iyi karnivali ni umwe mu minsi mikuru izwi cyane ya Boliviya. Ihuza imihango y'abasangwabutaka n'imigenzo y'abagatolika ikanagaragaza imyambarire ikomeye, imbyino za rubanda nka La Diablada na Tinku, ndetse n'imigendekere myiza. 3. El Gran Poder: Iri serukiramuco ribera muri La Paz buri Gicurasi cyangwa Kamena kugirango twubahe Jesus del Gran Poder (Yesu ufite imbaraga zikomeye). Ibihumbi by'ababyinnyi bambaye imyenda y'amabara bitabira imyigaragambyo minini yo mu muhanda iherekejwe n'itsinda ry'umuziki gakondo. 4. Umunsi w'inyanja (23 Werurwe): Uyu munsi mukuru wibutsa ko Boliviya yatakaje agace kayo ku nkombe za Chili mugihe cy'intambara ya pasifika (1879-1884). Ibirori birimo imurikagurisha n’umuco byerekana Boliviya ikomeje gushaka inyanja. 5. Todos Santos: Yizihizwa ku ya 1 na 2 Ugushyingo buri mwaka, iyi minsi mikuru ni ingenzi mu guha icyubahiro bene wabo bapfuye muri Boliviya. Imiryango isura amarimbi kugirango isukure imva, itange ibiryo nimpano kumyuka mugihe basengera ababo kuruhuka ubuziraherezo. 6.Umunsi wibendera rya Whipala: Wizihizwa ku ya 31 Nyakanga buri mwaka kuva 2010 ubwo wamenyekanye nkumunsi wigihugu; izi Whipala-ikimenyetso kigereranya imico kavukire mu bihugu bitandukanye byo muri Amerika yepfo-bisobanura umurage wimico myinshi ya Boliviya. Iyi minsi mikuru itanga ubumenyi bwamateka ya Boliviya, umuco, nindangamuntu mugihe biha abenegihugu nabashyitsi amahirwe yo kwishora mumigenzo ikomeye yiki gihugu gitandukanye.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Boliviya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo, gihana imbibi na Berezile, Paraguay, Arijantine, Chili, na Peru. Ifite ubukungu buvanze burangwa n'umutungo kamere ukungahaye nk'amabuye y'agaciro, gaze gasanzwe, n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, Boliviya yibanze cyane cyane kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Gazi karemano nimwe mubyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ifite ububiko bukomeye kandi yohereza mu bihugu duturanye nka Berezile na Arijantine binyuze mu miyoboro. Ibindi byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo amabuye y'agaciro nka zinc, amabati, ifeza, na gurş. Imwe mu mbogamizi ku bucuruzi bwa Boliviya ni ibikorwa remezo bike byo gutwara abantu kubera ko bidahari. Ibi bigabanya kugera ku byambu byo mu nyanja bishobora kongera amafaranga yo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva hanze n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ihungabana rya politiki n'imidugararo mu mibereho nabyo byagize ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw'igihugu mu myaka yashize. Mu rwego rwo gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, Boliviya yagiye iteza imbere izindi nzego nk'ubuhinzi. Ibicuruzwa nka soya, quinoa (ingano zifite intungamubiri), ibishyimbo bya kawa, ibicuruzwa byibisheke nabyo byoherezwa hanze. Urwego rw'ubuhinzi rutanga akazi ku Banya Boliviya benshi batuye mu cyaro. Boliviya kandi igirana amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bitandukanye birimo Peru na Kolombiya mu rwego rw’umuryango w’ibihugu bya Andean (CAN). Aya masezerano agamije guteza imbere ubukungu bw’akarere mu kugabanya inzitizi z’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango. Byongeye kandi, Boliviya ni igice cya Mercosur (Isoko rusange ry’amajyepfo) hamwe n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Amerika yepfo nka Berezile na Arijantine byemerera kubona amasoko amwe mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Muri rusange, boliviya ikomeje guhura n’ibibazo mu bijyanye no gutandukanya ubukungu bwayo kuruta ibicuruzwa.Ni imbogamizi z’imiterere y’imiterere y’imiterere y’imigezi igera ku nzira nini z’amazi ariko imbaraga ziracyakomeza ntizitsinda izo nzitizi binyuze mu bufatanye bw’akarere no guteza imbere urwego nk’ubuhinzi.
Iterambere ryisoko
Boliviya iherereye hagati muri Amerika yepfo, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Boliviya ifite umutungo kamere hamwe n’ahantu hateganijwe, Boliviya ifite amahirwe akomeye yo kuzamura isoko ryayo ku isi. Ubwa mbere, Boliviya ifite amabuye y'agaciro menshi arimo ifeza, amabati, n'umuringa n'ibindi. Aya masoko y'agaciro atanga umusingi ukomeye ku nganda zohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Boliviya ni umwe mu bakora ibicuruzwa byinshi nka soya na cinoa. Ibikenerwa kuri ibyo bicuruzwa bikomeje kwiyongera ku isi yose kubera agaciro k’imirire no guhuza ibiryo bitandukanye. Ibi biratanga amahirwe akomeye kubahinzi-borozi bo muri Boliviya n’ubuhinzi bwo kwagura isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Icya kabiri, ibyiza bya geografiya bigira uruhare runini mubushobozi bwa Boliviya mugutezimbere isoko ryubucuruzi bwamahanga. Ibihugu bidafite inkombe bikunze guhangana nigiciro cyubwikorezi; ariko, Boliviya ihujwe neza binyuze mumihanda minini ihuza ibihugu bituranye nka Berezile, Arijantine, na Chili. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko Boliviya isangiye imipaka n'ibihugu byinshi byo muri Amerika y'Epfo harimo Peru na Paraguay; Irashobora kuba ihuriro ryingenzi ryambukiranya uturere dutandukanye bityo koroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Byongeye kandi, ingamba zo kwishyira hamwe mu karere nk’amasezerano mashya y’isoko rusange ry’amajyepfo (MERCOSUR) arashimangira iterambere rya Boliviya ku masoko y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga binyuze mu guteza imbere ubufatanye n’ibihugu duturanye ku bibazo bijyanye n’ubufatanye mu bukungu. Icyakora, amahirwe menshi arashobora kuba ayo gushimangira iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Boliviya hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bigomba kwitabwaho. Igice kimwe gikeneye kwitabwaho ni iterambere ryibikorwa remezo bizagira uruhare runini mukugabanya ibiciro byubwikorezi ndetse no gukora neza ibikorwaremezo byambukiranya imipaka muri Amerika yepfo. Mu gusoza, Boliviya iragaragaza imbaraga nyinshi mu bijyanye no guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bitewe n’umutungo kamere utandukanye, imikoranire ikomeye mu karere, hamwe n’ingamba zikomeje kwishyira hamwe. Igihugu kigomba kwibanda ku gushora imari mu kuzamura ibikorwa remezo mu gihe cyo gushora imari mu bicuruzwa byacyo. Nta gushidikanya. utange inzira yo kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kuzamuka mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no gushimangira umwanya wa Boliviya ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’amahanga ya Boliviya, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Boliviya izwiho amahirwe menshi yo kwisoko, kandi gusobanukirwa ibyifuzo byaho nibisabwa ningirakamaro muguhitamo neza ibicuruzwa. Ubwa mbere, Boliviya iha agaciro ibicuruzwa karemano n’ibinyabuzima bihuza umuco wabo n'imigenzo yabo. Kubwibyo, ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka cinoa, ibishyimbo bya kawa, ibishyimbo bya kakao, nimbuto zitandukanye birashobora gufatwa nkibintu bishobora kugurishwa bishyushye. Ibicuruzwa bigomba guturuka ahantu harambye hamwe nimpamyabushobozi ikwiye. Byongeye kandi, Boliviya ifite inganda zikomeye kubera umurage gakondo. Ibikoresho bikozwe mu gace nkimyambarire gakondo, imyenda ya alpaca yubwoya, ibiringiti, nubukorikori buramenyekana mubaturage ndetse na ba mukerarugendo. Kwagura uyu murenge utanga ibishushanyo bidasanzwe cyangwa gukorana nabanyabukorikori baho birashobora kuganisha kumahirwe yo kugurisha. Mu myaka yashize, ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije byagize uruhare runini muri Boliviya kubera imyumvire y’ibidukikije igenda yiyongera. Ibintu nkibikoresho byo gupakira biodegradable, ibikoresho byo murugo bikoreshwa (urugero, ibikoresho by'imigano), nibikoresho bikoresha izuba bishobora kubona isoko ryiteguye mugihugu. Byongeye kandi, Boliviya yerekanye ko ishishikajwe n’ubuzima n’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano n’ubuzima bwiza nk'imiti y'ibyatsi cyangwa ibikomoka ku bwiza nyaburanga bikozwe mu bimera kavukire cyangwa ibimera biboneka mu binyabuzima byinshi muri iki gihugu. Icya nyuma ariko ni ngombwa, ibikoresho nkimitako yakozwe n'intoki ukoresheje ibikoresho gakondo (urugero, ifeza) byerekana neza kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Guhitamo neza ibintu bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko yo hanze ya Boliviya: 1. Ubushakashatsi: Kwiga imigendekere yabaguzi binyuze mubitabo byaho cyangwa kumurongo wa interineti ugamije abakiriya ba Boliviya. 2. Ibyiyumvo byumuco: Sobanukirwa n'indangagaciro n'imigenzo yabo mugihe usuzumye aho ukomoka cyangwa wahisemo. 3. Ubwishingizi bufite ireme: Menya neza ko utanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga mugihe wubaha imikorere yubucuruzi buboneye. 4 Kwipimisha Isoko . Kora ibizamini bito mbere yo gutangira umusaruro munini / kugabura. 5 Ubufatanye: Gufatanya nabakora ibicuruzwa cyangwa abatanga isoko kugirango bakoreshe imiyoboro yabo ihari kandi wunguke ubumenyi ku isoko. 6 Kwamamaza . Shora mubikorwa byiza byo kwamamaza byerekana ibicuruzwa biramba, akamaro k'umuco, inyungu zubuzima, nibindi Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bunonosoye, harebwa ibyo ukunda byaho, no kwibanda ku bwiza no kuramba, uzashobora guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye byumvikana n’abaguzi ba Boliviya ari nako bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwabo no muri sosiyete.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Boliviya, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo, gifite abaturage batandukanye bafite imiterere yihariye y'abakiriya na kirazira z'umuco. Ku bijyanye n'ibiranga abakiriya muri Boliviya, abantu bazwiho kwakira neza urugwiro n'ubucuti ku banyamahanga. Baha agaciro guhuza kwabo no kubaka umubano nabakiriya. Abakiriya ba Boliviya bashima serivisi yihariye no kwita kubyo bakeneye. Bakunda gushyira imbere imikoranire yabantu kuruta sisitemu zikoresha. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya ba Boliviya bakunze gushingira kumvugo kumunwa mugihe bafata ibyemezo byo kugura. Kubaka ikizere binyuze mubyoherejwe ni ngombwa muri iri soko. Igiciro nikintu cyingenzi kubakiriya muri Boliviya, kuko benshi bumva neza ibiciro kubera amafaranga yinjiza make. Kujya kuri kirazira z'umuco no gukangurira abantu, ni ngombwa kumenya ibintu bimwe na bimwe mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Boliviya: 1. Umwanya bwite: Boliviya ikunda kugira hafi yumubiri mugihe muganira ugereranije nindi mico imwe n'imwe - gutera umwanya wabo bwite bishobora gutuma batoroherwa cyangwa bakumva ko batiyubashye. 2. Kuramutsa imigenzo: Guhana ukuboko biramenyerewe mugihe uhuye numuntu mushya cyangwa nkikimenyetso cyicyubahiro mugihe usuhuza abakiriya bariho - irinde gukoresha ibimenyetso bimenyerewe cyane utabanje gushiraho umubano ukomeye. 3.Ururimi: Icyesipanyoli ni ururimi rwemewe rwa Boliviya; icyakora, hari n'indimi kavukire zivugwa mu turere dutandukanye nka Quechua cyangwa Aymara. Gutanga inkunga yindimi nyinshi birashobora kugirira akamaro abakiriya neza. 4.Igihe: Mugihe kubahiriza igihe bishobora gutandukana bitewe nuburyo ibintu byifashe mubucuruzi muri rusange biteganijwe ko kwihuta bisobanura ubuhanga - kuhagera bitinze bishobora kubonwa ko ari agasuzuguro cyangwa umwuga kubakiriya ba Boliviya. 5.Kumva neza umuco: Ntabwo ari ngombwa muri Boliviya gusa ahubwo ni ngombwa kuri bose; gusobanukirwa imigenzo n’imfashanyo gakondo mugukomeza imikoranire yiyubashye - irinde kuganira kubintu byoroshye nka politiki cyangwa idini keretse bitangijwe nabakiriya ubwabo. Mu kwemeza ibyo biranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira z'umuco, ubucuruzi bushobora kugirana umubano mwiza nabakiriya muri Boliviya kandi bugatanga serivisi zidasanzwe zita kubyo bakeneye.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Boliviya, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Amerika y'Epfo, gifite gahunda ya gasutamo icungwa neza kugira ngo igenzure ibicuruzwa n'abantu ku mipaka yacyo. Dore ingingo zimwe zingenzi zijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo ya Boliviya nibintu ugomba kuzirikana: 1. Abayobozi ba gasutamo: Gasutamo y'igihugu ya Boliviya (ANB) ishinzwe gucunga no kugenzura ibikorwa bya gasutamo mu gihugu hose. Bemeza kubahiriza amabwiriza yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze. 2. Uburyo bwo Kuzana / Kwohereza mu mahanga: Iyo winjiye cyangwa uvuye muri Boliviya, abantu bagomba gutangaza ibintu byose batwaye birenze umubare w’imikoreshereze bwite cyangwa imipaka y’amafaranga. Ibicuruzwa birashobora gutangirwa amahoro, imisoro, cyangwa kubuzwa bitewe nicyiciro cyabo. 3. Ibintu bibujijwe & Byabujijwe: Ibintu bimwe birabujijwe rwose gutumizwa / koherezwa muri / muri Boliviya. Muri byo harimo ibiyobyabwenge, imbunda, ibicuruzwa byiganano, ibihangano ndangamuco bidafite ibyangombwa bikwiye, nibindi. 4. Ibisabwa Ibyangombwa: Abagenzi bagomba gutwara ibyangombwa nkenerwa nka pasiporo mugihe bambuka imipaka muri Boliviya. Kuzana / kohereza hanze inyandiko nka fagitire cyangwa inyemezabuguzi nabyo birashobora gukenerwa kubicuruzwa byihariye. 5. Amabwiriza y’ifaranga: Hariho amategeko abuza umubare w’ifaranga umuntu ashobora kuzana muri Boliviya cyangwa hanze ye atabitangarije ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. 6.Gukoresha imiyoboro yamatangazo: Hariho imiyoboro itandukanye kuri gasutamo ya Boliviya kubagenzi ukurikije niba bafite icyo batangaza ("umuyoboro utukura") cyangwa udafite ("umuyoboro wicyatsi"). Ni ngombwa guhitamo umuyoboro ukwiye ukurikije ibihe byawe. 7. Amafaranga y'Abagenzi: Abashyitsi bagomba kumenyera amafaranga yatanzwe na gasutamo ya Boliviya ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga nk'ibicuruzwa by'itabi, ibinyobwa bisindisha; kurenza ayo mafaranga ashobora kuvamo amafaranga yinyongera. 8.Kuzigama inyemezabwishyu: Ni ngombwa kugumana inyemezabwishyu zose zijyanye no kuba muri Boliviya nk'ikimenyetso cyo kugura / gutumiza mu mahanga; ibi bizafasha gusohoka neza mugihe cyo kugenda kuri bariyeri niba bikenewe. 9. Ingendo zambukiranya imipaka: Mbere yo kujya muri Boliviya, nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi no gukomeza kumenyeshwa amabwiriza ya gasutamo aheruka kuko ashobora guhinduka mugihe runaka. Kwambuka imipaka myinshi muri Boliviya birashobora kugira uburyo bwihariye cyangwa ibisabwa. 10. Shakisha inama z'umwuga: Niba ufite impungenge zihariye zerekeye amabwiriza ya gasutamo muri Boliviya, kugisha inama umunyamwuga nk'umunyamategeko mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi cyangwa umunyamabanga wa gasutamo birashobora gutanga ubuyobozi butagereranywa bwo koroshya imipaka itagira ibibazo. Wibuke, gukurikiza sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo no kumenya amategeko bizafasha kumenya neza uburambe mugihe winjiye cyangwa uvuye muri Boliviya mugihe wirinze ibihano cyangwa gutinda.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Boliviya ni ikintu cyingenzi mu rwego rw’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Guverinoma ishyiraho imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo igenzure kandi igenzure ibicuruzwa muri Boliviya, hagamijwe kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no kwinjiza amafaranga. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe muri Boliviya kiratandukanye bitewe nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga bitangirwa igipimo cy’ibiciro kiri hagati ya 5% na 15%. Ariko, ibintu bimwe bishobora kugira igipimo cyimisoro kiri hejuru. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bisonewe imisoro yatumijwe burundu. Muri byo harimo ibikoresho fatizo byihariye, imashini n'ibikoresho mu nzego nk'ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, umusaruro w'ingufu, n'ikoranabuhanga ry'amakuru. Uku gusonerwa kugamije gushishikariza ishoramari mu nzego zifatika zigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa Boliviya. Byongeye kandi, Boliviya yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda y’imisoro yemewe izwi ku izina rya Andean Community (CAN) Igiciro rusange cyo hanze (CET). Sisitemu ikoresha ibiciro byagabanijwe ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga biva mu bindi bihugu bigize CAN nka Kolombiya, Ecuador, na Peru. CET ishishikariza ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byorohereza igiciro gito cyo gutumiza ibicuruzwa muri uyu muryango w’akarere. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko Boliviya ifite amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byinshi ku isi bikagira ingaruka kuri politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga. Aya masezerano arashobora gutanga ubuvuzi bwihariye cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro kubicuruzwa byihariye bitumizwa mu bihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa. Boliviya ikomeje gusuzuma no guhuza politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga buri gihe bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ubukungu mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi yose. Mu gihe izi ngamba zigamije kurinda inganda z’imbere mu gihugu no guteza imbere iterambere ry’igihugu binyuze mu gushimangira ingamba zishingiye ku nzego zigamije nk'ubuhinzi cyangwa inganda: zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku guhitamo kw'abaguzi bitewe n'izamuka ry’ibiciro bituruka ku misoro iri hejuru ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Boliviya, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Amerika y'Epfo, gifite politiki zitandukanye z’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu cyibanda ku kuzamura umutungo kamere n’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi binyuze mu misoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Muri Boliviya, politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa. Guverinoma ifite intego yo gutera inkunga inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe zishishikariza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ku bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, nka soya, ikawa, quinoa, n’ibicuruzwa by’ibisheke, Boliviya ishyira mu bikorwa igipimo gito cy’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Iyi politiki igamije kuzamura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kuri ibyo bicuruzwa hagumaho ibiciro byapiganwa ku isoko ryisi. Ku rundi ruhande, amabuye y'agaciro agira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Boliviya. Kubwibyo, amabuye y'agaciro nka lithium atangirwa imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Boliviya izwiho kugira kimwe mu bubiko bwa lithium nini ku isi; niyo mpamvu igamije guteza imbere agaciro kongerewe agaciro murugo gutunganya ayo masoko aho kohereza hanze. Kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho no guhanga imirimo myinshi mu mipaka y’igihugu, hashyirwaho imisoro myinshi ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya lithium. Byongeye kandi, kwerekana politiki y’imari yabo, Boliviya nayo ishyiraho imisoro yihariye yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bitewe na gaze nyinshi. Amafaranga ava muri iyi misoro afasha gutera inkunga gahunda z’imibereho n’imishinga remezo mu mipaka ya Boliviya igira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro ya Boliviya ishobora gutandukana uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ibikorwa bya politiki cyangwa ihinduka ry’ubukungu.Ikindi kandi, ibiciro byashyizweho birashobora gutandukana hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ibihugu byombi cyangwa ibihugu byinshi yasinywe na Boliviya n’ibindi bihugu cyangwa amashyirahamwe y’akarere nka Mercosur-Comunidad Andina de Naciones (Isoko Rusange Rusange-Umuryango wa Andean). Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Boliviya ishakisha uburinganire hagati yo gushyigikira inganda z’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no kwinjiza amafaranga binyuze mu misoro. Ku bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, guteza imbere irushanwa mu gihe ku mutungo w’amabuye y'agaciro, guhuza inganda nyinshi zitunganya imbere mu gihugu. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe byinshi ku bijyanye n’ubu, ni byiza ko ubaza amasoko ya leta cyangwa imiryango yubucuruzi ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru yukuri kuri politiki yimisoro ya Boliviya.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Boliviya, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Amerika yepfo, gifite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga kandi bisaba ibyemezo bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi byubahirizwe. Kimwe mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Boliviya ni gaze gasanzwe. Nka kimwe mu bicuruzwa binini ku isi, Boliviya igomba kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga nka ISO 9001: 2015 kuri sisitemu yo gucunga neza na ISO 14001: 2015 kuri sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije. Izi mpamyabumenyi zerekana Boliviya yiyemeje gukora no kohereza ibicuruzwa bya gaze mu buryo burambye. Ibindi byoherezwa muri Boliviya ni amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane ifeza, amabati, na zinc. Kugira ngo Boliviya yemeze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Boliviya ikurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga nka Londres Bullion Market Association (LBMA) icyemezo cya feza. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ifeza ya Boliviya yujuje ubuziranenge bwisi yose mubijyanye nubuziranenge nubwiza. Inganda z’imyenda nazo zigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Boliviya. Ibicuruzwa nkimyenda yubwoya bwa alpaca bisaba ibyemezo byihariye kugirango byemeze ukuri kwabyo hamwe nuburyo bwo gushakisha imyitwarire. Impamyabumenyi nk'Ubucuruzi Bwiza cyangwa Ubuhinzi Bw’imyenda (GOTS) ni ngombwa ku bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bo muri Boliviya kugira ngo berekane ko ibicuruzwa byabo byakozwe ku buryo burambye mu gihe hahembwa umushahara ukwiye ndetse n’akazi keza ku banyabukorikori baho. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini ku isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa muri Boliviya. Ibishyimbo bya kawa ya Boliviya bimaze kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga; kubona ibyemezo nka Rainforest Alliance cyangwa UTZ Yemejwe ni ngombwa. Izi mpamyabumenyi zemeza ko ikawa ya Boliviya yakuze hifashishijwe uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije bijyanye n'uburenganzira bw'abakozi. Mu gusoza, Boliviya isaba ibyemezo bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga mu nganda zirimo umusaruro wa gaze karemano, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro (nk'icyemezo cya LBMA), gukora imyenda (Fair Trade cyangwa GOTS), n'ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi (Rainforest Alliance cyangwa UTZ Yemejwe). Izi mpamyabumenyi zifasha kongera icyizere mubaguzi mpuzamahanga mugihe zigaragaza kubahiriza amahame yisi yose kugirango yizere neza kandi arambye.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Boliviya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye hagati muri Amerika y'Epfo. N’ubwo imipaka ifite aho igarukira, Boliviya yateje imbere inganda zikomeye zo korohereza ibicuruzwa mu mbibi zayo no ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ku bijyanye no gutwara abantu, Boliviya itanga amahitamo atandukanye ya serivisi y'ibikoresho. Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi bukoreshwa cyane mugihugu. Boliviya ifite umuyoboro mugari uhuza imijyi n’imijyi minini, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bigenda neza hamwe namakamyo cyangwa izindi modoka. Ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, ibyambu bya Boliviya ku kiyaga cya Titicaca no mu mazi ya Paraguay-Parana bitanga isoko ku isi binyuze mu gutwara imigezi. Ibyo byambu ni amarembo akomeye yo kohereza cyangwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu duturanye nka Burezili, Arijantine, Peru, Chili, na Paraguay. Usibye gutwara umuhanda n'inzuzi, Boliviya ifite n'ibibuga by'indege bifite ibikoresho bitwara imizigo mu mijyi minini nka La Paz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Cochabamba, Sucre, na Tarija. Serivise zo mu kirere nibyiza kubyoherezwa igihe cyangwa inzira ndende z'ubucuruzi hamwe nindi migabane. Guverinoma ya Boliviya izi akamaro ko guteza imbere urwego rukora ibikoresho kugira ngo rirusheho guhangana mu bucuruzi. Yatangije imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo igamije kunoza imiyoboro yagura imihanda no kuvugurura ibyambu mu gihugu hose. Ku masosiyete ashakisha serivisi muri Boliviya, hari abatanga ibyamamare benshi bahari. Amwe mu masosiyete azwi arimo DHL Express Boliviya kabuhariwe mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu kirere ku isi; Boliviya Logistics Solutions (BLS) itanga ibisubizo byuzuye birimo ibikoresho bya gasutamo; Itsinda rya Translogistica ritanga ibisubizo byinshi byo gutwara abantu; na Cargo Maersk Line ikora ibikenerwa byoherezwa mu nyanja. Kugirango habeho uburyo bunoze bwo gutanga amasoko mubikorwa bya Boliviya mubikorwa cyangwa ibikorwa byose byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga kimwe ninyandiko ziboneye zirimo inyemezabuguzi / urutonde rwabapakira / fagitire yishyurwa / fagitire zo mu kirere bigomba gutegurwa byihuse: kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibicuruzwa birinda gutinda ni ngombwa hamwe no guhitamo abafatanyabikorwa bizewe bizewe byavuzwe haruguru byemeza kohereza ibicuruzwa bitagira iherezo. Mu gusoza, inganda z’ibikoresho bya Boliviya zitanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu, aho ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda aribwo bukoreshwa cyane mu gihugu ndetse n’ibyambu byo ku kiyaga cya Titicaca n’inzira y’amazi ya Paraguay-Parana byorohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Serivise zo mu kirere nazo ziraboneka binyuze ku bibuga by'indege bikomeye. Byongeye kandi, ibikorwa remezo bigamije kunoza imiyoboro no gukora neza mubikorwa bya logistique. Abatanga ibikoresho bizwi nka DHL Express Boliviya, Boliviya Logistics Solutions (BLS), Itsinda rya Translogistica, na Cargo Maersk Line batanga ibisubizo byuzuye kubigo bishaka serivisi z’ibikoresho muri Boliviya.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Boliviya, nk'igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Amerika y'Epfo, gifite inzira mpuzamahanga zo gutanga amasoko n'imurikagurisha mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubukungu. 1. Imiyoboro mpuzamahanga yo gutanga amasoko: a) Urugereko rwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Boliviya (CADEX): Uyu muryango uteza imbere amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Boliviya kandi uhuza ubucuruzi bwaho n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga. CADEX yitabira ibikorwa bitandukanye byubucuruzi nibikorwa byubucuruzi kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa byigihugu. b) Isosiyete ishinzwe iterambere rya Altiplano (CORDEPA): CORDEPA yorohereza ishoramari ry’amahanga kandi ishyigikira kohereza ibicuruzwa bya Boliviya mu gutanga amakuru ku isoko, gukora ibirori byo guhuza ibikorwa, no gutegura ubutumwa mu bucuruzi. c) Ambasade n'ibiro by'ubucuruzi: Boliviya yashyizeho ambasade n'ibiro by'ubucuruzi mu bihugu byinshi kugira ngo ishyigikire ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Aba bahagarariye ibihugu byabo bafasha ubucuruzi mukumenya abashobora gutanga cyangwa abaguzi mumahanga. 2. Imurikagurisha: a) Expocruz: Expocruz ni imurikagurisha rinini muri Boliviya rikorwa buri mwaka muri Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Irerekana inganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, ikoranabuhanga, serivisi, n'ibindi, bikurura ibihumbi by'abamurika baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. b) FIT - Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubukerarugendo: Iri murikagurisha ryibanda ku guteza imbere inganda z’ubukerarugendo bwa Boliviya mu guhuza abakora ingendo z’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga, ibigo by’ubukerarugendo, amahoteri, indege, n’abandi. c) EXPO ALADI: Yateguwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryunze ubumwe (ALADI), iri murikagurisha rigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’akarere hagati y’ibihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo. Itanga urubuga rwo guhuza amahirwe no kwerekana ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biva mubihugu bigize uyu muryango. d) EXPOCRUZ Chiquitania: Mu rwego rwo kwagura Expocruz yabereye muri Santa Cruz de la Sierra mu karere yibanze ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi nka soya cyangwa ubworozi bw'inka. Iyi miyoboro itanga amasoko yemerera amasosiyete yisi yose ashishikajwe no gushakisha cyangwa gushora imari mubikorwa bitandukanye nkubuhinzi (ibishyimbo bya kawa, cakao, imbuto), ubucukuzi (amabati, ifeza, zinc, zahabu), imyenda (alpaca ubwoya, ubwoya bwa lama, ipamba), mubindi abandi. Umutungo kamere wa Boliviya nibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bituma uhinduka ahantu heza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa byiza. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko inzira zihariye zitanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi bishobora gutandukana uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, kandi ni byiza ko hajyaho amakuru agezweho nk’imiryango y’ubucuruzi yemewe cyangwa ibigo bya leta kugira ngo ubone amakuru nyayo ku mahirwe ariho muri Boliviya.
Muri Boliviya, hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha abantu bakoresha kugirango babone amakuru kuri enterineti. Dore bamwe muribo hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Google (www.google.com.bo): Nka moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ku isi, Google ikoreshwa cyane muri Boliviya. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru menshi ukoresheje algorithms zayo zikomeye. 2. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): Yahoo ni indi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa muri Boliviya. Itanga ibintu bitandukanye nkamakuru, serivisi za imeri, nibirimo byihariye ukurikije ibyo ukoresha. 3. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ya Microsoft nayo ihitamo cyane kubakoresha interineti ya Boliviya mugushakisha urubuga. Itanga amashusho yo gushakisha hamwe nibisubizo bisanzwe bishingiye kubisubizo. 4 5. Yandex (yandex. 6. Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): Ecosia iragaragara mu yandi mahitamo kuko itanga amafaranga menshi yinjiza mu gutera ibiti ku isi yose mu gihe itanga uburambe bwo gushakisha ibidukikije ku bakoresha Boliviya. 7. Baidu (www. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko gukundwa kwizi moteri zishakisha bishobora gutandukana mubantu no mukarere muri Boliviya bitewe nibyifuzo byawe no kuboneka kwa serivisi ahantu runaka.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Boliviya, ububiko bukuru bwurupapuro rwumuhondo burashobora kugufasha kubona ubucuruzi na serivisi zitandukanye. Dore bimwe mubisobanuro byingenzi byurupapuro rwumuhondo muri Boliviya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Páginas Amarillas (Urupapuro rw'umuhondo Boliviya): Ubu ni bumwe mu buyobozi bwa page y'umuhondo iyoboye muri Boliviya itanga amakuru y'itumanaho hamwe n'urutonde rw'ubucuruzi mu byiciro bitandukanye. Urashobora kwinjira kurubuga rwabo kuri: www.paginasamarillas.com.bo 2. Guía Telefónica de Boliviya: Guía Telefónica de Boliviya ni ubundi bubiko buzwi butanga ububiko bwa terefone, urutonde rw’ubucuruzi, hamwe n’iyamamaza ryashyizwe ahagaragara. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri: www.guialocal.com.bo 3. BolivianYellow.com: BolivianYellow.com nubuyobozi bwa interineti butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi mubyiciro byinshi nka hoteri, resitora, ubukanishi, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga rwabo ruraboneka kuri: www.bolivianyellow.com 4. Directorio Empresarial de Santa Cruz (Ubucuruzi bwa Santa Cruz): Ubu bubiko bwibanze cyane cyane ku bucuruzi buri muri Santa Cruz, umwe mu mijyi minini ya Boliviya. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwibigo bikorera mumirenge itandukanye mukarere ka Santa Cruz. Urubuga rwububiko ni: www.directorio-empresarial-bolivia.info/Santa-Cruz-de-la-Sierra.html 5 Urubuga rwabo ruhuza ni: www.directoriocomercialbolivia.info/ubuyobozi-ubucuruzi-cochabamba.html Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka mugihe, nibyiza rero kugenzura niba ari ukuri mbere yo gukoreshwa. Ukoresheje ububiko bwurupapuro rwumuhondo, urashobora kubona byoroshye amakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi bukorera mumirenge itandukanye muri Boliviya.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Boliviya, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Amerika yepfo, cyabonye iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu myaka yashize. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Boliviya: 1. Mercado Libre (www.mercadolibre.com.bo): Mercado Libre ni imwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zizwi cyane muri Boliviya gusa no muri Amerika y'Epfo. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambaro, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. 2. Linio (www.linio.com.bo): Linio ni irindi soko rikomeye ryo kumurongo rikorera muri Boliviya. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biva mubyiciro bitandukanye nkimyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byiza, nibicuruzwa murugo. 3. TodoCelular (www.todocelular.com): Nkuko izina ryayo ribigaragaza (Todo Celular bisobanura "Ikintu cyose kigendanwa" mucyongereza), iyi platform izobereye cyane cyane kugurisha terefone zigendanwa nibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano nka charger na dosiye. 4. DeRemate (www.deremate.com.bo): DeRemate ni urubuga rwa cyamunara kumurongo aho abantu bashobora gupiganira ibintu bitandukanye kuva kuri electronics kugeza kumodoka. 5. Tumomo (www.tumomo.com): Tumomo yibanze cyane kumatangazo yamamaza yo kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nkibinyabiziga, imitungo itimukanwa, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. 6. Igikombe (www.cuponatic.com.bo): Cuponatic ikora nkurubuga rwa buri munsi rutanga inyemezabuguzi zagabanijwe kuri serivisi zitandukanye nka resitora, spas, ibikorwa byo kwidagadura kubakiriya baba cyangwa basuye Boliviya. 7. Goplaceit (bo.goplaceit.com): Goplaceit ikora nk'urutonde rwumutungo wa interineti aho abakoresha bashobora gushakisha amazu akodeshwa cyangwa amazu yo kugurisha mumijyi itandukanye yo muri Boliviya. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no gukundwa kwizi mbuga bishobora gutandukana mugihe mugihe abakinnyi bashya binjiye kumasoko mugihe abandi bashobora kuba badafite akamaro kubera guhindura ibyo abakiriya bakunda cyangwa imbaraga zamasoko.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Boliviya, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Amerika yepfo, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane. Hano hari zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Boliviya hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. Facebook - Facebook nimwe murubuga ruyobora imbuga nkoranyambaga kwisi yose. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda atandukanye. Urubuga rwa Facebook ni https://www.facebook.com. 2. WhatsApp - WhatsApp ni urubuga rwohereza ubutumwa rwemerera abakoresha kohereza ubutumwa bugufi, ubutumwa bwijwi, amashusho, videwo, no guhamagara amajwi cyangwa amashusho kuri interineti. Iraboneka nka porogaramu igendanwa kandi ifite verisiyo y'urubuga. Sura https://www.whatsapp.com kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byinshi. 3. Instagram - Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto na videwo aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amashusho na videwo ngufi mugihe wongeyeho akayunguruzo cyangwa ibikoresho byo guhindura kugirango ubizamure. Abakoresha barashobora kandi gukurikira izindi konti kugirango babone inyandiko zabo mugihe cyagenwe. Shakisha byinshi kuri https://www.instagram.com. 4. Twitter - Twitter ifasha abakoresha kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet bushobora kuba bukubiyemo inyandiko, amashusho, cyangwa amahuza agera kuri 280 maremare (guhera muri Nyakanga 2021). Iyemerera abantu gukurikira konti zabandi no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru cyangwa imigendekere ibera kwisi yose mugihe nyacyo ukoresheje hashtags (#). Urubuga rwa Twitter ni https://twitter.com. 5 Kora umwirondoro wawe kuri https://www.linkedin.com. 6 Menya byinshi kuri https://www.tiktok.com/en/. 7.Xing- Xing ni urubuga nkoranyambaga rwibanda cyane cyane ku guhuza abanyamwuga. Ikoreshwa cyane mu karere kavuga Ikidage mu Burayi kandi imaze kumenyekana muri Boliviya. Xing itanga ibintu bisa na LinkedIn, yemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro yabigize umwuga no guhuza nabandi mubikorwa byabo. Sura https://www.xing.com kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byinshi. Izi ni ingero nke gusa zimbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Boliviya, zihuza abantu mu karere ndetse no ku isi yose ku nyungu zitandukanye, imyuga, n'intego.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Boliviya, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Amerika yepfo, gifite amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye imirenge itandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Boliviya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi (CNC): CNC ihagarariye abikorera kandi iteza imbere ubukungu muri Boliviya. Urubuga: www.cnc.bo 2. Ihuriro rya ba rwiyemezamirimo bigenga (FEP): FEP ni ishyirahamwe ryibanda ku guteza imbere kwihangira imirimo no gushyigikira iterambere ry’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (SMEs). Urubuga: www.fepbol.org 3. Urugereko rw’inganda muri Boliviya (ସିବିଆଇ): ସିବିଆଇ ihagarariye amasosiyete y’inganda mu nzego zitandukanye nk’inganda, ubucukuzi, ingufu, n’ubuhinzi. Urubuga: www.cni.org.bo 4. Urugaga rw’igihugu rwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (CANEB): CANEB ishyigikira kandi igateza imbere inganda zishingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Boliviya mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: ntiruboneka. 5. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Boliviya n’Amerika (AMCHAM Boliviya): AMCHAM Boliviya igamije guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati ya Boliviya na Amerika itanga amahirwe yo guhuza imishinga ituruka mu bihugu byombi. Urubuga: www.amchambolivia.com.bo 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro (ANMPE): ANMPE ihagarariye abanyamwuga bakora mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bateza imbere ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Boliviya. Urubuga: ntiruboneka. 7. Ishyirahamwe rya Boliviya ry’amahoteri n’amasosiyete y’ubukerarugendo (ABHOTUR): ABHOTUR yibanze ku gutera inkunga ubucuruzi bujyanye n’ubukerarugendo mu guteza imbere ubukerarugendo muri Boliviya. Urubuga: abhotur.org/index.php/en/ . urubuga ： www.acbbol.com Nyamuneka menya ko amashyirahamwe amwe adashobora kugira urubuga cyangwa urubuga rwabo rushobora kuboneka byigihe gito cyangwa bigoye kubigeraho.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Muri Boliviya hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru kubikorwa byubukungu bwigihugu, amahirwe yishoramari, na politiki yubucuruzi. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubucuruzi cya Boliviya (Instituto Boliviano de Comercio Exterior) - Uru rubuga rugamije guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Boliviya no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Itanga amakuru ku nzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu, imibare yohereza mu mahanga, amabwiriza agenga ubucuruzi, hamwe no gushora imari. Urubuga: https://www.ibce.org.bo/ 2. Minisiteri y’Ubukungu n’Imari ya Leta (Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas) - Urubuga rwemewe rwa minisiteri rutanga ibisobanuro ku bijyanye n’ubukungu bwa Boliviya muri rusange, politiki y’imari, itangwa ry’ingengo y’imari, gahunda z’iterambere, n’umushinga w’ishoramari. Urubuga: http://www.economiayfinanzas.gob.bo/ 3. Banki Nkuru ya Boliviya (Banco Central de Boliviya) - Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru yuzuye ku bijyanye na politiki y’ifaranga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, igipimo cy’inyungu, raporo y’ifaranga, amabwiriza ya banki kimwe n’ibipimo by’ubukungu nk’ubwiyongere bwa GDP. Urubuga: https://www.bcb.gob.bo/ 4. Minisiteri y’ishoramari (Ministerio de Planificación del Desarrollo) - Urubuga rwa minisiteri rwibanda ku gutanga amakuru ku bashoramari bashobora gushakisha amahirwe muri Boliviya. Harimo ibisobanuro birambuye mubikorwa byingenzi byo gushora imari hamwe n'amategeko akurikizwa. Urubuga: http://www.inversiones.gob.bo/ 5. Isoko ry’imigabane ya Boliviya (Bolsa Boliviana de Valores) - Uru rubuga rugaragaza amakuru agezweho ajyanye n’isoko ry’imigabane muri Boliviya hamwe n’ubucuruzi n’ibiciro by’imigabane y’amasosiyete yanditse. Urubuga: https://www.bbv.com.bo/ 6. Urugereko rwinganda Serivisi zubucuruzi nubukerarugendo Santa Cruz (Cámara de Industria Comercio Servicios y Turismo Santa Cruz) - Nka kamwe mu turere dukora cyane mu bukungu muri Boliviya (iherereye muri Santa Cruz), urubuga rw’uru rugereko rutanga ubumenyi ku mahirwe y’ubucuruzi bwaho, ibyabaye, namakuru yubukungu. Urubuga: https://www.cainco.org.bo/ Icyitonderwa: Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko kuboneka no gukora kururu rubuga bishobora gutandukana mugihe.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi yibibazo biboneka kuri Boliviya. Dore ingero nke hamwe na URL zijyanye nurubuga: 1. Ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubucuruzi cya Boliviya (IBCE): Urubuga rwemewe rwa IBCE rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi, amakuru y’isoko, nandi makuru ajyanye nayo. Urubuga: http://www.ibce.org.bo/ 2. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC) - Ikarita y’ubucuruzi: Ikarita y’ubucuruzi ya ITC ituma abayikoresha bashobora kubona imibare irambuye y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’isoko, no kohereza amakuru muri Boliviya. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/ 3. World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS): WITS itanga amakuru yubucuruzi yuzuye arimo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, nibindi byinshi biva muri Boliviya. Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/wits/wits/witshome.aspx 4. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye ni ububiko bw’imibare mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga yaturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Boliviya. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5. Observatoire yubukungu bugoye (OEC): OEC itanga amashusho nisesengura ryibipimo byubukungu n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku bihugu nka Boliviya. Urubuga: https://oec.world/en/profile/country/bol Izi mbuga zirashobora gutanga ibisobanuro mubice bitandukanye byibikorwa byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bya Boliviya nko kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, n’ibindi.

B2b

Boliviya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo. Nubwo ifite ibibazo by’akarere, Boliviya ifite urubuga rwa B2B rworohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mu gihugu. Hano hari amwe muma platform ya B2B azwi muri Boliviya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi na serivisi bya Boliviya (Cámara Nacional de Comercio y Servicios - CNC): CNC ni umwe mu mashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi akomeye muri Boliviya, ateza imbere ubucuruzi na serivisi mu gihugu. Urubuga rwabo rutanga urubuga rwimikoranire ya B2B kandi urashobora kuboneka kuri https://www.cnc.bo/. 2. Mercado Libre Boliviya: Mercado Libre ni urubuga rukomeye rwa e-ubucuruzi muri Amerika y'Epfo, harimo na Boliviya. Yemerera abantu nubucuruzi kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa kumurongo. Igice cyabo B2B gitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwo guhuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa, abadandaza, hamwe nababitanga mugihugu: https://www.mercadolibre.com.bo/ 3. Exportadores de Santa Cruz (Abasohora Santa Cruz): Uru rubuga rwibanda ku guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva muri Santa Cruz de la Sierra, imwe mu masoko akomeye y’ubukungu muri Boliviya. Urubuga rutanga amakuru kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, imyenda, n'ibindi: http://exportadoresdesantacruz.com/ 4.Grandes Empresas de Computacion (GECOM): GECOM kabuhariwe mu guhuza imishinga ikorera mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho muri Boliviya. Ikora nkibikoresho byingirakamaro kubaguzi n’abagurisha bashaka gushiraho umubano wa B2B bijyanye na mudasobwa, iterambere rya software, serivisi z’ubujyanama bwa IT, nibindi.: Http://gecom.net/ 5.Bajo Aranceles Magazine (Ikinyamakuru Tariff): Mugihe atari muburyo bwa gakondo B2B kuri buri; Ikinyamakuru Tariff gifite uruhare runini mu koroshya ibiganiro bijyanye n’ubucuruzi hagati y’amasosiyete akorera mu nganda zinyuranye atanga ubumenyi ku mabwiriza agenga imisoro ndetse no gushyiraho amahirwe yo guhuza ababishaka: https://www.magazineba.com/ Izi porogaramu za B2B muri Boliviya zitanga irembo ry’ubucuruzi guhuza, gushiraho ubufatanye, no gucukumbura amasoko mashya mu gihugu. Buri gihe birasabwa gusura imbuga zabo kugirango ubone amakuru arambuye kuri serivisi zitangwa nuburyo bwo gukorana nabafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi.
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