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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubwongereza, ubusanzwe buzwi ku Bwongereza, ni igihugu cyigenga giherereye ku nkombe y’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bw’umugabane w’Uburayi. Igizwe n'ibihugu bine bigize: Ubwongereza, Scotland, Wales, na Irilande y'Amajyaruguru. Ubwongereza bufite demokarasi ishingiye ku nteko ishinga amategeko. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 93,628 (kilometero kare 242.500), Ubwongereza butuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 67. Umurwa mukuru wacyo n'umujyi munini ni London, ntabwo ari ikigo cy'imari gikomeye gusa ahubwo ni ihuriro ry'umuco. Ubwongereza bwagize uruhare runini mu mateka na politiki ku isi. Kera cyahoze ari ubwami bwakwirakwiriye ku migabane itandukanye kandi bugira uruhare runini mu bice nk'inzira z'ubucuruzi na gahunda z'imiyoborere. Uyu munsi, nubwo bitakiri ingoma, iracyari imwe mu bukungu bukomeye ku isi. Ubwongereza buzwiho umurage utandukanye. Buri gihugu kiri mu mbibi zacyo gifite imigenzo n'indimi zitandukanye; kurugero, icyongereza kivugwa cyane mubwongereza mugihe Welsh muri Wales. Byongeye kandi, Abanya-Ecosse Gaelic (muri otcosse) na Irilande (muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru) na bo barashimwa ku mugaragaro. Byongeye kandi, Ubwongereza bufite ahantu nyaburanga ndangamurage wa UNESCO harimo Stonehenge mu Bwongereza na Edinburgh Castle muri Scotland. Abashyitsi barashobora kwishimira ibyiza nyaburanga nk'imisozi miremire ya Scotland cyangwa bagashakisha ibyiza nyaburanga nka Buckingham Palace cyangwa Big Ben i Londres. Ubukungu bw’Ubwongereza bushingiye kuri serivisi n’inganda nk’imari, inganda (harimo n’imodoka), imiti y’imiti, n’inganda zihanga zifite uruhare runini.Ubuhinzi nabwo bugira uruhare mu bukungu bwabwo nubwo onl; y bingana na 1% bya GDP muri iki gihe. Ni ifaranga, Pound Sterling yo mu Bwongereza ikomeje kuba imwe mu mafaranga akomeye ku isi, Politiki, theUKisoneofthememberstatesoftUnitedNationsandafoundingmemberoftheNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganisation (NATO) .ItcollectivelynegotiatesaspartoftEEuropeanUnionandistoleaveEUafterabrexitvotesignedin2016. Mu gusoza, Ubwongereza nigihugu gitandukanye kandi gifite amateka akomeye gifite umurage gakondo. Ifite ubukungu bukomeye, isi yose, kandi itanga abashyitsi ibintu byinshi bikurura ubushakashatsi.

Ifaranga ry’Ubwongereza ni pound yo mu Bwongereza, igereranywa na GBP (£). Nimwe mumafaranga akomeye kandi yemerwa cyane kwisi yose. Kuri ubu pound ifite agaciro gakomeye ugereranije n’andi mafaranga, bigatuma iba nziza mu bucuruzi n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga. Banki y’Ubwongereza ikora nka banki nkuru y’igihugu, ishinzwe gutanga no gukomeza gutanga amapound mu kuzenguruka. Bagenga politiki y’ifaranga kugirango bagenzure ibintu nkibipimo by’ifaranga n’inyungu kugira ngo ubukungu bwifashe neza. Ibiceri biraboneka mumadeni 1 (1p), 2 pans (2p), 5 pans (5p), 10 pans (10p), 20 pans (20p), 50 pans (50p), £ 1 (ikiro kimwe) na £ 2 (ibiro bibiri). Ibi biceri bigaragaramo amateka atandukanye cyangwa ibimenyetso byigihugu kubishushanyo mbonera. Inoti zikoreshwa muburyo bwo kugurisha agaciro. Kugeza ubu, hari amadini ane atandukanye: £ 5, £ 10, £ 20, na 50. Guhera kumpapuro za polymer zatangijwe mumyaka yashize kubera kongera igihe kirekire nibiranga umutekano. Abantu bazwi nka Winston Churchill bagaragara ku inoti zimwe. Usibye ifaranga ryumubiri, uburyo bwo kwishyura bwa digitale nkamakarita yinguzanyo cyangwa kwishura utabonetse byamamaye mubucuruzi mubwongereza. ATM irashobora kuboneka mumijyi yemerera kubikuza byoroshye cyangwa guhanahana amafaranga ukoresheje amakarita yo kubikuza cyangwa kubikuza. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko Irilande y'Amajyaruguru ikoresha inoti zitandukanye zitangwa na banki zitandukanye zitwa "sterling" cyangwa "pound pound," pound pound (£) hamwe na pound yo muri Irlande (£) irashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru hamwe n'ibiceri biva. uturere twombi nta kibazo. Muri rusange, kugira ifaranga ryayo rikomeye bituma ubukungu bwifashe neza mu Bwongereza ari nako bituma byamenyekana ku isi hose kubera ifaranga ryihariye - pound yo mu Bwongereza (£).

Ifaranga ryemewe ry’Ubwongereza ni Pound yo mu Bwongereza (GBP). Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’amafaranga akomeye gihindagurika buri munsi, bityo ndashobora kuguha igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyagereranijwe guhera muri Nzeri 2021: - 1 GBP ihwanye na: - 1.37 Amadolari y'Amerika (USD) - 153.30 Yapani Yen (JPY) - 1.17 Euro (EUR) - 10.94 Igishinwa Yuan (CNY) Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cy’ivunjisha gishobora guhinduka bitewe n’imiterere y’isoko n’ibindi bintu, kandi buri gihe ni byiza ko ugenzura isoko yizewe cyangwa ikigo cy’imari ku giciro kigezweho mbere yo gukora amafaranga ayo ari yo yose.

Ubwongereza bwizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru yerekana amateka, umuco, n’amadini kubaturage bigihugu. Dore iminsi mikuru y'ingenzi yizihizwa mu Bwongereza: 1. Umunsi mushya (1 Mutarama): Uyu munsi urizihiza umwaka mushya kandi wizihizwa hamwe n’ibirori, parade, hamwe n’umuriro mu gihugu hose. 2. Umunsi wa St David (1 Werurwe): Bizihijwe muri Wales kubaha umutagatifu wabo, St David. Abantu bambara dafodili cyangwa imisatsi (ibimenyetso byigihugu) kandi bitabira parade. 3. Umunsi wa St Patrick (17 Werurwe): Bizihizwa cyane cyane muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru aho bivugwa ko St Patrick yatangije ubukirisitu - imyigaragambyo yo mu muhanda, ibitaramo & kwambara icyatsi ni ibirori bisanzwe. 4. Pasika: Umunsi mukuru w'idini wibuka izuka rya Yesu Kristo mu rupfu nyuma yo kubambwa - byubahirizwa binyuze mu bikorwa by'itorero, guterana mu muryango no guhana amagi ya shokora. 5. Umunsi w'ikiruhuko cya Banki Gicurasi (Ku wa mbere wambere Gicurasi): Kwizihiza imigenzo ya gakondo hamwe no kubyina hirya no hino, imurikagurisha, n'ibirori by'ubuhanzi bibera mu gihugu hose. 6. Umunsi wa Noheri (25 Ukuboza) & Umunsi w'iteramakofe (26 Ukuboza): Noheri yizihizwa cyane mu turere twose hamwe n'imigenzo nko gushariza amazu n'amatara & ibiti; guhana impano; kugira ifunguro rikomeye kumunsi wa Noheri ukurikirwa numunsi wa Boxe wamaranye numuryango cyangwa inshuti. 7. Ijoro rya Bonfire / Ijoro rya Guy Fawkes (5 Ugushyingo): Twibuke umugambi watsinzwe wa Guy Fawkes wo guturika Inteko mu 1605 - wizihizwa no gucana umuriro no gutwika imiriro mu gihugu hose. 8.Hogmanay (Umunsi Mushya muhire) wizihizwa cyane cyane muri otcosse - ibirori bikomeye birimo gutara amatara anyuze i Edinburgh hamwe n'ibitaramo bya muzika nka "Auld Lang Syne." Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo iteza imbere kumva igihugu gusa ahubwo inateranya abantu kwishimira umurage n'imigenzo yabo. Berekana imiterere y’umuco itandukanye y’Ubwongereza kandi batanga incamake ku mateka yayo akungahaye.

Ubwongereza ni umukinnyi ukomeye ku isi mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi. Nk’ubukungu bwa gatandatu mu bunini ku isi, bufite ubucuruzi bukomeye kandi butandukanye hamwe n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Ku bijyanye no kohereza mu mahanga, Ubwongereza bufite ibicuruzwa byinshi bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwabwo. Ibyiciro byayo byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo imashini, ibinyabiziga, imiti, amabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye y'agaciro, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere, imiti, na serivisi z’imari. Iki gihugu kizwiho ubuhanga mu nganda zitandukanye nko gukora amamodoka (harimo ibicuruzwa bizwi nka Rolls-Royce na Bentley), ubushakashatsi mu bya farumasi (hamwe n’amasosiyete nka GlaxoSmithKline ayoboye inzira), ikoranabuhanga mu kirere (Ibikorwa bya Boeing mu Bwongereza bishingiye hano), serivisi zimari (Londres nimwe mubigo byambere byubukungu byisi). Ku bijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga, Ubwongereza bushingiye ku bicuruzwa byinshi biva mu bihugu byinshi ku isi. Itumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa nk'imashini n'ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa byakozwe (nka elegitoroniki), ibicanwa (harimo amavuta), imiti, ibiribwa (nk'imbuto, imboga, ibikomoka ku nyama), imyenda n'imyenda. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wari usanzwe ari umufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi w’Ubwongereza kubera kuba umunyamuryango w’umuryango. Icyakora, kuva yava ku mugaragaro Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu mpera za 2020 nyuma y’imishyikirano ya Brexit yashojwe n’amasezerano y’ububanyi n’ubucuruzi n’Uburayi yitwa "Amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bucuruzi," hari impinduka zahindutse ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’Ubwongereza n’Uburayi. Hamwe na Brexit yarangiye kandi amasezerano mashya yubucuruzi yashyizweho ku isi yose yigenga y’abanyamuryango b’Ubwongereza hanze y’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa amahoro nk’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ibihugu nk’Ubuyapani cyangwa ibiganiro bikomeje bijyanye n’amasezerano akomeye y’ubukungu bukomeye nka Ositaraliya cyangwa Kanada - byose byerekana ko bishoboka amahirwe mashya kubucuruzi bwabongereza bashaka kwaguka mpuzamahanga kurenga imipaka yuburayi. Muri rusange, nubwo kumenyera ibintu nyuma ya Brexit nta gushidikanya bizagaragaza ibibazo mu gihe hahinduwe imiterere y’ubucuruzi ku isi yose kubera ihungabana ry’icyorezo cya Covid-19; nubwo bimeze bityo, Ubwongereza bukomeje kugira uruhare runini mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bukoresha imbaraga mu nzego nyinshi bugaha amahirwe yo gushinga ubufatanye bushya no gukomeza umubano w’ubukungu uriho.

Ubwongereza bufite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Mu mateka, Ubwongereza bwagize uruhare runini mu bucuruzi ku isi, bitewe n’ahantu haherereye, ibikorwa remezo bikomeye, ndetse n’urwego rw’imari rwateye imbere. Ubwa mbere, Ubwongereza bw’imiterere y’akarere nkigihugu cyizinga gifite ibyambu nibibuga byindege bihuza neza bituma bifasha kugera kumasoko mpuzamahanga byoroshye. Ibi byorohereza urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku mipaka kandi bikagira umufatanyabikorwa mwiza w'ubucuruzi ku bucuruzi ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Ubwongereza bubamo ibicuruzwa byinshi bizwi ku isi hose mu nganda nyinshi nk'imyambarire, ibicuruzwa byiza, imodoka, ikoranabuhanga, na serivisi z’imari. Ibirango byashizweho bitanga umusingi ukomeye kubigo byabongereza kwaguka kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Izina ryibicuruzwa byabongereza kubwiza no guhanga udushya byongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana kurwego rwisi. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2020 binyuze muri Brexit ikarangiza gushakisha byimazeyo amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi ashobora kurushaho guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’Ubwongereza. Mugukorana amasezerano y'ibihugu byombi n’ibihugu byo hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nka Ositaraliya cyangwa Kanada hamwe no gushakisha amasoko azamuka nk’Ubuhinde cyangwa Ubushinwa birashobora gufasha gutandukanya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, hari amahirwe menshi mubucuruzi bwa digitale na e-ubucuruzi dore ko abaguzi benshi bahindukirira kugura kumurongo kwisi yose. Ibikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga byateye imbere cyane mu Bwongereza hamwe n’abaturage bayo bazi ikoranabuhanga bitanga amahirwe ku masosiyete yo mu Bwongereza kugira ngo agere kuri iyi nzira igenda yiyongera ku isi hifashishijwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo agere ku bakiriya ku isi. Icya nyuma, guverinoma y'Ubwongereza itanga inkunga binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye bigamije kuzamura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Inzego nk'ishami rishinzwe ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (DIT) zitanga ubuyobozi ku iterambere ry’ingamba zoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe zitanga ubufasha bw'amafaranga binyuze mu nkunga cyangwa inguzanyo. Iyi mfashanyo ifasha ubucuruzi gutsinda inzitizi bashobora guhura nazo mugihe binjiye mumasoko mashya mumahanga. Mu gusoza, Ubwongereza bufite urufatiro rukomeye rushobora gukoreshwa n’amasosiyete yo mu Bwongereza yifuza kwagura ibikorwa byayo ku masoko y’amahanga. Hamwe n’ahantu nk’ahantu haherereye, inganda zikomeye, ubushobozi bwa digitale, hamwe n’inkunga ya leta, igihugu gifite akamaro kanini ubushobozi budakoreshwa kugirango tuzamure iterambere niterambere mubucuruzi bwamahanga.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane byoherezwa mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’Ubwongereza mu mahanga, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Hano harayobora uburyo bwo guhitamo ibintu bigurishwa: 1. Ubushakashatsi ku byerekeranye n’abaguzi: Kora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubyo igihugu gikunda ndetse nicyo kigenda. Gisesengura raporo zinganda, amakuru yo kugurisha, hamwe nimbuga nkoranyambaga kugirango umenye ibyiciro bikunzwe. 2. Wibande ku bicuruzwa bidasanzwe byo mu Bwongereza: Teza imbere imbaraga z’Ubwongereza wohereza ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe mu Bwongereza bifite inyungu zo guhatanira cyangwa agaciro gakondo. Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa gakondo (nk'icyayi, ibisuguti, na whiski), ibirango by'imyambarire (nka Burberry), n'ibicuruzwa byiza (nk'imitako myiza) bishakishwa cyane ku isi. 3. Guhuza imico itandukanye: Ubwongereza buzwiho ubwinshi bwabaturage bafite uburyohe butandukanye kandi bakunda. Gukemura ubwo butandukanye utanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikwiranye n’imico itandukanye yo mu Bwongereza cyangwa ugamije amoko yihariye afite ibintu byiza. 4. Kuramba: Abaguzi mu Bwongereza bashyira imbere ibicuruzwa birambye hamwe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kuruta mbere hose. Tekereza kohereza ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije nkibicuruzwa byongera gukoreshwa, imyenda kama / imyenda ikozwe mubikoresho bisanzwe, cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu. 5. Emera uburyo bwa digitale: E-ubucuruzi bukomeje kwiyongera vuba ku isoko ry’Ubwongereza; kubwibyo rero, shyira imbere imibare yawe kumurongo wo kugurisha kumurongo nka Amazon cyangwa eBay hamwe numuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza kumurongo. 6. Gufatanya n'abacuruzi / abadandaza baho: Gufatanya nabacuruzi baho cyangwa abadandaza bizatanga ubumenyi bwingenzi kumyitwarire yabaguzi mugihe wagura ibikorwa byawe mukarere kamwe mugihugu. 7. Komeza kuvugururwa n'amabwiriza: Komeza umenyeshe amabwiriza yerekeye gutumiza mu mahanga nk'imisoro ya gasutamo, ibisabwa byo gushyiramo ikimenyetso, ibyemezo bikenewe mu nganda zihariye (urugero, kwisiga), n'amategeko yo kurengera umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa bishobora guhitamo. 8.Kugenzura ubuziranenge & serivisi zabakiriya: Menya neza ko ingamba zifatika zo kugenzura ubuziranenge zishyirwa mubikorwa mubikorwa byose kugirango umusaruro ugumane ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byatoranijwe byoherezwa mu Bwongereza hamwe na serivisi zidasanzwe zabakiriya nyuma yo kugurisha. Mu gusoza, guhitamo ibicuruzwa byacuruzwa mubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga mu Bwongereza bisaba kumva imigendekere y’abaguzi, kwakira ibintu bitandukanye no kuramba, gukoresha urubuga rwa sisitemu, gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa baho, kubahiriza amabwiriza, no gushyira imbere kugenzura ubuziranenge na serivisi z’abakiriya.

Ubwongereza, ubusanzwe buzwi ku Bwongereza, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi. Hamwe namateka akungahaye, umuco utandukanye, n'imigenzo idasanzwe, Ubwongereza bwerekana bimwe mubiranga abakiriya na kirazira. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Ikinyabupfura: Abakiriya b'Abongereza baha agaciro ikinyabupfura n'ikinyabupfura muburyo bwose bw'imikoranire. Mubisanzwe bategereje indamutso yubupfura, bakoresheje interuro nka "nyamuneka" na "urakoze." 2. Gutonda umurongo: Abongereza bazwiho gukunda umurongo utondetse. Yaba itegereje aho bisi zihagarara cyangwa mumurongo wa supermarket, kubaha imyanya y'umurongo bifatwa nkibyingenzi. 3. Kubaha umwanya wihariye: Abongereza mubisanzwe bahitamo kugumana intera ikwiye mugihe basabana nabandi kugirango bubahe umwanya wabo. 4. Kamere yabigenewe: Abongereza benshi bafite imyitwarire idahwitse mugihe bakorana nabantu batazi ariko bagashyuha iyo kumenyera bimaze gutera imbere. 5. Kwubahiriza igihe: Kuba ku gihe bihabwa agaciro cyane mu Bwongereza. Irakurikizwa kubonana, amanama, cyangwa ibirori byateganijwe aho byihutirwa. Kirazira & Imyitwarire Kwirinda: 1. Ingingo mbonezamubano: Ibiganiro byibanze ku idini cyangwa politiki birashobora kuba ibintu byoroshye mubongereza keretse bitangijwe nabo mbere. 2. Ibibazo byumuntu ku giti cye: Kubaza ibibazo byinjira mubyo umuntu yinjiza cyangwa ibibazo bye bwite bishobora kugaragara nkubupfura kandi butera. 3. Kunegura umuryango wibwami: Umuryango wibwami ufite akamaro gakomeye mumico yabongereza; kubwibyo, muri rusange birasabwa kutavuga amagambo anenga hafi yabaturage bubaha cyane ubwami. 4.Imyitwarire myiza: Gutanga inama mubikorwa bya serivisi (resitora / utubari / amahoteri) mubisanzwe bikurikiza 10-15% yubuntu bushingiye kumiterere ya serivisi yakiriwe ariko ntabwo ari itegeko. Mu gusoza ， Ubwongereza bwirata imyitwarire nubupfura byagaragajwe nubupfura.Kwiga ibi biranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira bizatuma imikoranire myiza nabenegihugu mugihe cyo gusura cyangwa gucuruza mubwongereza.

Ubwongereza, bugizwe n'Ubwongereza, Scotland, Wales, na Irilande y'Amajyaruguru, bufite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga gasutamo. Iyo ugeze cyangwa uvuye mu gihugu, hagomba gukurikizwa amategeko n'amabwiriza kugira ngo byinjire neza cyangwa bisohoka mu Bwongereza. Bakigera mu Bwongereza, abagenzi basabwa kwerekana pasiporo zabo zemewe cyangwa ibyangombwa byinzira kugenzura imipaka. Abatari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) bashobora kandi gukenera gutanga viza yemewe yo kwinjira mu gihugu. Ni ngombwa kugenzura niba ukeneye visa mbere y'urugendo rwawe. Amategeko ya gasutamo abuza kuzana ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu Bwongereza. Ibi bintu bibujijwe birimo ibiyobyabwenge, imbunda n’amasasu nta burenganzira bubifitiye uburenganzira abayobozi. Kuzana ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro k'ubucuruzi birenze imipaka yagenwe birashobora kandi gusaba kumenyekanisha no kwishyura imisoro / imisoro. Birakenewe kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byose birenze amafaranga atishyurwa yashyizweho na HM Revenue & Gasutamo (HMRC). Ibi birimo ibicuruzwa by itabi, inzoga kurenza imipaka yagenwe, amafaranga arenga € 10,000 (cyangwa ahwanye), nibiribwa bimwe na bimwe nkinyama cyangwa amata. Iyo uvuye mu Bwongereza, amabwiriza nk'aya akurikizwa ku bintu bibujijwe nk'ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe n'amategeko n'imbunda / intwaro zibujijwe. Menya ko amoko yinyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byazo birinzwe mu masezerano mpuzamahanga bishobora gusaba uruhushya rwihariye rwo kohereza hanze. Kugirango borohereze uburyo bwo gusuzuma imizigo ku bibuga byindege mu Bwongereza - haba mugihe cyo kuhagera no kugenda - birasabwa gupakira imizigo neza kugirango ibintu byawe bigaragare byoroshye mugihe cyo kugenzura umutekano. Wibuke kudatwara igikapu cyabandi utazi ibiyirimo mbere. Mugihe habaye urujijo cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye na progaramu ya gasutamo cyangwa ibyangombwa bisabwa mugihe ugenda / uturutse mubwongereza ugomba guhamagara kuri telefone ya HMRC cyangwa ukabaza imbuga za leta zemewe kugirango umenye amakuru agezweho kuri politiki ya gasutamo. Muri rusange ,, ni ngombwa kumenyera amategeko ya gasutamo y'Ubwongereza mbere yo kujyayo haba nk'umugenzi winjira uzana ibicuruzwa mu gihugu ndetse nk'umugenzi usohoka wubahiriza amategeko abuza kugenda.

Politiki y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu Bwongereza igamije kugenzura no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu gihe irengera inganda zo mu gihugu. Igihugu gikora hashingiwe ku ihame rya "Igihugu gikundwa cyane", bivuze ko igipimo kimwe cy'imisoro gikoreshwa mu bihugu byose keretse amasezerano y’ubucuruzi yihariye cyangwa ibyifuzo bihari. Imisoro yatumijwe mu Bwongereza, izwi kandi ku misoro ya gasutamo cyangwa amahoro, ishyirwa ku bicuruzwa biva mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ariko, nyuma yigihe cyinzibacyuho ya Brexit cyarangiye mu Kuboza 2020, Ubwongereza bwashyizeho politiki y’ubucuruzi itandukanye n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Igipimo cyibiciro kiratandukanye bitewe nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya ibi biciro. Imwe murimwe nukugisha inama sisitemu rusange yibyifuzo (GSP), itanga ibiciro byagabanijwe cyangwa zeru-bicuruzwa kubicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa biva mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ubundi buryo bwerekeza kuri sisitemu yo mu Bwongereza Global Tariff (UKGT) yatangije nyuma ya Brexit, isimbuza kandi ikigana ahanini imisoro y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Muri ubu buryo bushya, ibicuruzwa bimwe bitumizwa mu mahanga byagabanije ibiciro byazo cyangwa bikurwaho burundu ugereranije n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byubuhinzi nkibitoki cyangwa amacunga ntibizongera kwishyurwa umusoro iyo byinjijwe mubwongereza. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza igipimo cy’imisoro ku bicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa runaka cyangwa icyiciro cy’ibintu umuntu yifuza gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga mu Bwongereza, ni byiza kohereza ku mbuga za Leta zibishinzwe nka HM Revenue & Gasutamo (HMRC) cyangwa gushaka ubufasha bw'umwuga kuri abakora kuri gasutamo bashobora gutanga amakuru yukuri kandi agezweho yerekeye imanza zitandukanye. Ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’Ubwongereza bukomeza kumenyeshwa impinduka iyo ari yo yose muri politiki y’ibiciro buri gihe kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku biciro no guhangana mu bikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Ubwongereza bufite politiki y’imisoro isobanuwe neza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu gikurikiza gahunda y’imisoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Nyamara, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri rusange ni zeru ku gipimo cya TVA, bivuze ko nta TVA yishyurwa ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Abashora ibicuruzwa mu Bwongereza barashobora kubona inyungu zitandukanye muri iyi politiki y’imisoro. Ubwa mbere, mu kutishyuza umusoro ku bicuruzwa na serivisi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze barashobora kugura ibicuruzwa byabo kurushanwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ibi bifasha kuzamura inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze no kongera amahirwe yubucuruzi bwo hanze. Kugira ngo iyi politiki yubahirizwe, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kubika ibyangombwa n'ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byabo byavuye ku butaka bw'Ubwongereza. Ibi bikubiyemo kubika inyandiko zerekana kohereza ibicuruzwa nka fagitire zo kwishyuza cyangwa kwishyurwa. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibibujijwe bimwe bishobora gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa cyangwa ibihugu byihariye kubera amabwiriza cyangwa amasezerano yubucuruzi. Kurugero, amategeko yihariye arashobora gushyirwaho kubicuruzwa bitangirwa imisoro nkinzoga cyangwa itabi. Byongeye kandi, twakagombye kuvuga ko nubwo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bitarangwamo umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku isoko ry’Ubwongereza mu karere kazwi ku izina ry’Ubwongereza na Irilande y'Amajyaruguru - hashobora kubaho imisoro yatumizwa mu mahanga itangwa n’ibihugu byerekeza hanze y’Uburayi (kubera Brexit). Iyi misoro iratandukanye bitewe n’amabwiriza ya buri gihugu na politiki bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Muri rusange, Ubwongereza bwihatira koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bushyira mu bikorwa politiki nziza y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Gusonerwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro byongera irushanwa ku masoko y’isi mu gihe ibisabwa kugira ngo byuzuzwe binyuze mu buryo bunoze bwo kubika inyandiko.

Ubwongereza buzwiho ibicuruzwa na serivisi byujuje ubuziranenge, bukenewe ku isi hose. Kugira ngo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigumane izina ryabyo kandi byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga, igihugu cyashyizeho uburyo bukomeye bwo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyemezo cyo kohereza mu mahanga mu Bwongereza cyoroherezwa cyane cyane n'inzego za Leta nk'ishami rishinzwe ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (DIT) hamwe na nyakubahwa imisoro n'amahoro (HMRC). Izi nzego zikorana kugirango ibicuruzwa bigenewe amasoko yo hanze byubahirize amabwiriza yose abigenga, ibipimo byumutekano, nibisabwa ibyangombwa. Icyemezo cya ngombwa cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bwongereza ni uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Uru ruhushya rurakenewe kubicuruzwa byihariye bifatwa nkibyoroshye cyangwa bibujijwe kubera impungenge z'umutekano wigihugu cyangwa izindi mpamvu ziteganijwe. Uruhushya rwo kohereza mu mahanga rwemeza ko ibyo bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga neza, birinda ingaruka mbi ku mibanire mpuzamahanga cyangwa amakimbirane y’inyungu. Ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze harimo ibipimo byubwishingizi bufite ireme nka ISO 9000 ibyemezo byuruhererekane. Izi mpamyabumenyi zerekana ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bwongereza byubahiriza uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo gucunga neza ubuziranenge ku rwego mpuzamahanga nko mu nganda, ubuvuzi, uburezi, no kwakira abashyitsi. Byongeye kandi, inganda zimwe zisaba ibyemezo byihariye kugirango byemeze kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye cyangwa amahame yinganda. Urugero: - Ibicuruzwa byibiribwa: Ikigo gishinzwe ubuziranenge bwibiribwa (FSA) cyemeza ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibiribwa by’Ubwongereza byujuje amabwiriza y’ubuzima n’isuku binyuze mu mpamyabumenyi zitandukanye nka Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP), Gahunda y’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku isi (GFSI) nka BRC Global Standard for Food Food or International Ibipimo byihariye (IFS). - Amavuta yo kwisiga: Amabwiriza yo kubahiriza amavuta yo kwisiga arasaba koherezwa mu mahanga kwisiga gukurikiza uburyo bukomeye bwo gupima umutekano w’ibicuruzwa mbere yo kwemerera kugurishwa ku isoko ry’Uburayi. - Ibicuruzwa kama: Ishyirahamwe ryubutaka ritanga ibyemezo kama kugirango hamenyekane ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi byubahiriza ubuhinzi-mwimerere. - Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga: Impamyabumenyi nka International Automotive Task Force 16949 yerekana kubahiriza sisitemu yo gucunga neza ijyanye neza n’abakora ibinyabiziga. Mu gusoza, Ubwongereza bushyira imbere ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bikomeze ubuziranenge bwo mu nganda zitandukanye. Binyuze mu bigo bitandukanye bya leta bikorana cyane n’ubucuruzi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barashobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo byubahiriza amabwiriza yose akenewe, amahame y’umutekano, hamwe n’impamyabumenyi yihariye y’inganda izamura ubushobozi bwabo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

Ubwongereza ni igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi, kigizwe n'ibihugu bine bigize: Ubwongereza, Scotland, Wales, na Irilande y'Amajyaruguru. Ifite umuyoboro w’ibikoresho wateye imbere utuma ibicuruzwa bitwara neza kandi byizewe mu gihugu hose. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bwongereza, hari amasosiyete menshi asabwa gutanga ibikoresho. Bimwe muribi birimo: 1. DHL: DHL nisosiyete izwi cyane yo gutanga ibikoresho ikorera mu bihugu n’intara zirenga 220 ku isi. Batanga serivisi zitandukanye nko gutanga ibicuruzwa byihuse, gutwara imizigo, hamwe nububiko bwububiko. DHL ifite umuyoboro mugari mubwongereza kandi itanga amahitamo yizewe kubucuruzi. 2. UPS: UPS nundi mukinnyi ukomeye mubikorwa bya logistique bifite imbaraga zikomeye mubwongereza. Batanga serivisi zo kohereza mu gihugu no mu mahanga hamwe n’ubufasha bwa gasutamo. Hamwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana ikurikirana hamwe nuburyo bwihuse bwo gutanga, UPS iremeza ko ibicuruzwa byawe bigera aho bijya mugihe. 3. Federal gushaka kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo. 4.Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu budahemuka: Royal MailFreightis imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ya posita hamwe n’amasosiyete akora ibijyanye n’amaposita ya UK.Batanze serivisi zitandukanye zirimo gutanga parcelle, imicungire y’abakiriya, no kuzuza ububiko. 5.Parcelforce Kwisi yose: Pacelforce Worldwideisisanationalcourierervicewholly-ifitwe naRoyalMail Group.Mu myaka irenga 25 yuburambe bwa parcelle yoherejwe hamwe naUKandalso ku rwego mpuzamahanga, PacelforceWorldwideprovides kwizerwa, byihuse, kandi byoherejwe neza kubakiriya. Izi sosiyete zifite amateka akomeye mugutanga serivise zizewe mubwongereza. Buri kimwe gitanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kugirango bikemure ubucuruzi nabantu ku giti cyabo, barebe ko ibicuruzwa byawe bitangwa neza kandi ku gihe. Mbere yo guhitamo ibikoresho bitanga ibikoresho, birasabwa gusuzuma ibintu nkibiciro, umuvuduko wo gutanga, inyandiko zerekana, hamwe nisuzuma ryabakiriya kugirango ufate icyemezo kiboneye.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Ubwongereza bubamo imiyoboro mpuzamahanga n’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga bizwi cyane ku isi, bikurura abaguzi benshi bakomeye ku isi. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku rwego rwisi. Dore zimwe mu nzira zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha mu Bwongereza: 1. Amasoko ya B2B kumurongo: Ubwongereza bufite amasoko akomeye ya B2B kumurongo nka Alibaba, TradeIndia, Global Sources, na DHgate. Ihuriro rihuza ubucuruzi kwisi yose, ribemerera kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo no kwishora mubucuruzi butaziguye nabaguzi mpuzamahanga. 2. Ubucuruzi bwerekana: Ubwongereza bwakiriye ibicuruzwa byinshi byerekana ubucuruzi bukurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye mu nganda zitandukanye. Ingero zimwe zigaragara zirimo: a) Ibirori mpuzamahanga byibiribwa n'ibinyobwa (IFE): Nkibikorwa by’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa binini cyane mu Bwongereza, IFE itanga urubuga rw’abatanga isoko kugira ngo bahuze n'abacuruzi bakomeye, abagurisha ibicuruzwa, abatumiza mu mahanga, abadandaza baturutse hirya no hino ku isi bashaka ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bishya. b) Icyumweru cyimyambarire ya Londres: Kimwe mubikorwa byimyambarire bizwi kwisi yose byerekana abashushanya ibishushanyo mbonera kimwe nimpano zigaragara ziturutse kwisi yose. Ikurura abaguzi bazwi bava kumurongo wo kugurisha bashaka uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya. c) Isoko ry’ingendo ku Isi (WTM): Igikorwa cyambere mu nganda z’ingendo aho abakora ingendo ku isi bahura n’abatanga amasoko nka hoteri, indege, akanama k’ubukerarugendo n’ibindi, bitanga urubuga rwo guhuza imiyoboro n’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi. 3. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Sourcing: Ubwongereza bwakiriye imurikagurisha ryamasoko rikora nkimpamvu ziterana hagati yinganda / abatanga ibicuruzwa baturutse mu mahanga hamwe n’abaguzi / abatumiza mu Bwongereza bashakisha isoko cyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye. Ingero zirimo imurikagurisha ryo gushakisha ibicuruzwa byibanda ku bicuruzwa birambye cyangwa imirenge yihariye nk'imyenda cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. 4. Ibikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa: Ibikorwa bitandukanye byo guhuza ibikorwa bibera mumijyi minini yo mubwongereza aho abanyamwuga batumiza-ibicuruzwa hanze bashobora gushiraho umubano nabafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abakiriya bafite uruhare mubikorwa mpuzamahanga byo gutanga amasoko. 5. Ishami ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (DIT): Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira amasosiyete yo mu Bwongereza yagura amasoko yohereza mu mahanga, DIT itegura ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi kandi ikorohereza ibikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa. Ibikorwa nkibi bitanga amahirwe yingirakamaro kumasosiyete yo mubwongereza guhura nabaguzi mpuzamahanga no gucukumbura imishinga mishya yubucuruzi. 6. Ingereko z’Ubucuruzi: Umuyoboro w’Ubucuruzi w’Ubwongereza ugizwe n’ingereko nyinshi zo mu karere zitegura imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi, amahugurwa, n’amahuriro y’ubucuruzi aho abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashobora guhuza n’ubucuruzi bwaho bushishikajwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. 7. Urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi: Ubwiyongere bwa e-ubucuruzi bwahinduye imikorere yubucuruzi bwisi yose. Imishinga myinshi izwi cyane yo mu Bwongereza ishingiye kuri e-ubucuruzi, nka Amazon UK na eBay UK, itanga urubuga kubagurisha mu gihugu kugirango bagere ku baguzi mpuzamahanga byoroshye. Mu gusoza, Ubwongereza butanga inzira zitandukanye zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha ku bucuruzi bushaka kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Izi ntera kuva kumasoko kumurongo kugeza kubucuruzi bwihariye bwerekana ibyiciro bitandukanye. Binyuze kuriyi mbuga, ubucuruzi bushobora guhuza nabaguzi bakomeye kwisi bashaka ibicuruzwa bishya cyangwa abatanga ibicuruzwa biva mubwongereza. (Icyitonderwa: Igisubizo cyatanzwe mumagambo 595.)

Imashini zishakisha

Mu Bwongereza, hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha zikoreshwa abantu bashingiraho mugushakisha amakuru no gushakisha kurubuga. Dore zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane mubwongereza hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Google (www.google.co.uk): Google ni moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane, atari mu Bwongereza gusa ahubwo no ku isi yose. Itanga interineti yuzuye kandi yorohereza abakoresha gushakisha paji y'urubuga, amashusho, videwo, ingingo zamakuru, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ya Microsoft niyindi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane mubwongereza. Itanga uburambe busa kuri Google hamwe nibintu byihariye byihariye nko guhindura amashusho ya buri munsi. 3. Yahoo (www. ubushobozi. 4. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo yitandukanije nizindi moteri zishakisha ashimangira ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha kuko idakurikirana cyangwa ngo ibike amakuru yihariye mugihe ushakisha kumurongo. 5. Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): Ecosia ni moteri ishakisha ibidukikije yangiza ibidukikije ikoresha amafaranga yinjiza mu gutera ibiti hirya no hino ku isi. Ifasha abakoresha gushyigikira ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba bakoresheje serivisi zabo. 6.Yandex (www. Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko mugihe aya ari amwe mumahitamo akoreshwa mugushakisha mubushakashatsi bushingiye mubwongereza; abakoresha barashobora kandi kubona ibindi bihugu byihariye cyangwa niche-yibanda kuri moteri yubushakashatsi ukurikije ibyo bakunda nibikenewe.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Impapuro nyamukuru z’Ubwongereza zirimo ibi bikurikira: 1. Rangurura (www.yell.com): Yell nimwe mububiko bwa interineti buzwi cyane mubwongereza. Itanga amakuru nibisobanuro birambuye kubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye. 2. Thomson Local (www.thomsonlocal.com): Thomson Local nubundi bubiko buzwi butanga amakuru kubucuruzi bwaho, serivisi, nibigo mubwongereza. 3. 192.com (www.192.com): 192.com itanga ububiko bwuzuye bwabantu, ubucuruzi, n’ahantu mu Bwongereza. Iragufasha gushakisha abantu cyangwa ibigo ukoresheje amazina yabo cyangwa ahantu. 4. Scoot (www.scoot.co.uk): Scoot nubuyobozi bwubucuruzi kumurongo burimo ububiko bunini bwubucuruzi na serivisi byaho mu turere dutandukanye mubwongereza. 5. Igitabo cya Terefone cyanditswe na BT (www.thephonebook.bt.com): Urubuga rwibitabo rwa terefone rwa BT rutanga serivise yububiko bwa interineti aho ushobora gusangamo amakuru yumuntu kubantu nubucuruzi mubwongereza. 6. Umushyitsi wumujyi (www.cityvisitor.co.uk): Umushyitsi wumujyi nisoko yambere yo gushakisha amakuru yaho nka resitora, amahoteri, ibyiza nyaburanga, amaduka, na serivisi mumijyi yo mubwongereza. 7. Kora kuri Local (www.touchlocal.com): Touch Local itanga urutonde rwamaduka na serivisi zitandukanye ukurikije aho uherereye mumijyi itandukanye yo mubwongereza. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari ingero nke gusa zimpapuro z'umuhondo ziboneka mubwongereza, kandi hashobora kubaho ubundi buyobozi bwakarere cyangwa bwihariye bwihariye mubice bimwe na bimwe byinganda mugihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bukomeye bwa e-ubucuruzi mubwongereza. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Amazon UK: www.amazon.co.uk Amazon nimwe murubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi kwisi yose, rutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi. 2. eBay UK: www.ebay.co.uk eBay ni isoko ryamamaye kumurongo aho abantu nubucuruzi bashobora kugura no kugurisha ibintu bitandukanye. 3. ASOS: www.asos.com ASOS yibanda kumyambarire n'imyambarire, itanga imyenda myinshi yimyambarire igezweho, inkweto, ibikoresho, nibindi. 4. John Lewis: www.johnlewis.com John Lewis azwiho ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mu byiciro bitandukanye nk'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, n'ibindi. 5. Tesco: www.tesco.com Tesco nimwe mumurongo wambere wa supermarket mubwongereza nayo itanga amahitamo menshi yibiribwa kumurongo. 6. Argos: www.argos.co.uk Argos ikora nkububiko bwumubiri nu mucuruzi wo kumurongo ugaragaza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva electronics kugeza mubikoresho. 7. Cyane: www.byose.co.uk Byinshi bitanga ibintu byinshi byimyambarire ihendutse kubagabo, abagore, nabana hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho byo murugo. 8. AO.com: www.AO.com Inzobere mubikoresho byo murugo nkimashini imesa cyangwa firigo kubiciro byapiganwa. 9.Currys PC Isi: www.currys.ie/ Kurrys PC Isi itanga ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka mudasobwa zigendanwa, terefone igendanwa kamera ya Bluetooth nibindi. 10.Etsy: www.Etsy .com / uk Etsy ikora nk'isoko ryo kumurongo wubukorikori budasanzwe bwakozwe n'intoki, ibice bya vintage, nibindi bintu byo guhanga. Izi ni ingero nke gusa mubindi bikoresho byinshi bya e-ubucuruzi biboneka mubwongereza bihuza ibikenewe ninyungu zabakiriya

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Ubwongereza butanga imbuga nkoranyambaga ku baturage bayo ndetse n’abaturage baho. Hano hari bimwe bizwi hamwe nurubuga rwabo rwa URL: 1. Facebook: Nka rumwe mu mbuga nini nini ihuza abantu benshi ku isi, Facebook yemerera abakoresha guhuza, gusangira ibirimo, kwinjira mu matsinda, no kuvugana binyuze mu nyandiko cyangwa guhamagara kuri videwo. (Urubuga: www.facebook.com) 2. Twitter: Urubuga rwa microblogging aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet. Irakoreshwa cyane muguhindura amakuru, gukurikira imibare rusange cyangwa amashyirahamwe, no gusangira ibitekerezo cyangwa ibitekerezo kubintu bitandukanye. (Urubuga: www.twitter.com) 3. Instagram: Ifoto nogusangira amashusho aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ibintu biherekejwe nibisobanuro hamwe na hashtags. Azwiho imiterere igaragara kandi itanga ibintu nkinkuru, muyungurura, ubutumwa butaziguye, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhaha. (Urubuga: www.instagram.com) 4. LinkedIn: Urubuga rwumwuga rushobora gufasha abantu gukora imyirondoro yerekana ubuhanga bwabo, uburambe bwakazi, ibisobanuro byuburezi mugihe uhuza nabakozi mukarere kamwe cyangwa gushakisha amahirwe yakazi. (Urubuga: www.linkedin.com) 5 6.TikTok: TikTok ni urubuga abakoresha bashobora gukora amashusho magufi yashyizwe kumuziki kuva kumikino yo gusetsa kugeza kubibazo byimbyino (Urubuga ： www.tiktok.com). 7.Gusubiramo: Urubuga rwibiganiro rugabanijwe mumiryango itandukanye izwi nka "subreddits." Abakoresha basangira inyandiko ku ngingo zitandukanye zituma ibiganiro bitanga ibisobanuro kuri izi nyandiko. (Urubuga ： www.reddit.com). 8.WhatsApp: Porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa itanga itumanaho ryibanga ryanyuma kugeza ku ndunduro ryemerera ubutumwa bwanditse, kohereza amajwi, no guhamagara amajwi / amashusho (urubuga ： www.whatsapp.com). 9.Ibyifuzo: moteri yubuvumbuzi igaragara ikoreshwa mugushakisha ibitekerezo kubwinyungu zitandukanye nko guteka, imideli, urugo, urugo, fitness. Abakoresha barashobora kuzigama, gusangira, no kuvumbura ibitekerezo bishya binyuze mumashusho na videwo. (Urubuga: www.urubuga.com) 10.YouTube: Urubuga rwo gusangira amashusho aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza no kureba ibintu byinshi birimo amashusho yindirimbo, vlogs, inyigisho, nibindi bikoresho byatanzwe nabakoresha. (Urubuga: www.youtube.com) Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no gukundwa kwimbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora gutandukana bitewe nibyifuzo byawe.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Ubwongereza butuwe n’amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda mugihugu, hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ihuriro ry’inganda z’Ubwongereza (ସିବିଆଇ) - ସିବିଆଇ ni ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi ry’Ubwongereza, rihagarariye ibigo biva mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.cbi.org.uk/ 2. Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi buciriritse (FSB) - FSB ihagarariye imishinga mito n'iciriritse, ibaha ijwi n'inkunga yo gutera imbere mu bucuruzi. Reba kurubuga rwabo kuri: https://www.fsb.org.uk/ 3. Ingereko z’Ubucuruzi z’Ubwongereza (BCC) - BCC igizwe n’urusobe rw’ibyumba by’ibanze mu Bwongereza, ishyigikira ubucuruzi no koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Sura urubuga rwabo: https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda (MTA) - MTA ihagarariye inganda zifite uruhare mu ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku buhanga, ritanga inkunga yo guhanga udushya no kuzamuka muri uru rwego. Shakisha amakuru menshi kurubuga rwabo: https://www.mta.org.uk/ 5. Sosiyete y'abakora ibinyabiziga n'abacuruzi (SMMT) - SMMT ikora nk'ijwi ry'inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu Bwongereza, iteza imbere inyungu zayo ku rwego rw'igihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Wige byinshi kuri bo hano: https://www.smmt.co.uk/ 6. Ihuriro ry’abahinzi borozi (NFU) - NFU ihagarariye abahinzi n’abahinzi hirya no hino mu Bwongereza na Wales, ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ubuhinzi bwunguka kandi burambye muri utwo turere. Shakisha urubuga rwabo kuri: https://www.nfuonline.com/ 7. Kwakira abashyitsi UK - HospitalityUK igamije guharanira ubucuruzi bwakira abashyitsi itanga ibikoresho nkamahugurwa, amakuru kumabwiriza, kuyobora akazi nibindi. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri bo sura-https: //ubucuruziadvice.co.uk/advice/fundraising/ibintu byose-bito-bucuruzi-bacuruzi-bifite 8.Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zihangira imirimo- Iri shyirahamwe riharanira urwego rw’inganda zihanga, ruteza imbere agaciro k’ubukungu n’umuco. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.creativeindustriesfederation.com/ Izi nizo ngero nke gusa zamashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda mubwongereza. Hariho izindi nyinshi zita ku nzego zihariye nk'ikoranabuhanga, imari, ubuvuzi, n'ibindi.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hariho imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye nu Bwongereza zitanga amakuru nubutunzi kubucuruzi nabantu kugiti cyabo. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Gov.uk: Uru rubuga rwemewe rwa guverinoma y'Ubwongereza rutanga amakuru yuzuye ku bintu bitandukanye by'ubucuruzi, ubucuruzi, n'ubukungu mu gihugu. (https://www.gov.uk/) 2. Ishami ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (DIT): DIT ikora mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’amahirwe yo gushora imari mu bucuruzi mu Bwongereza. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ubuyobozi, ibikoresho, na raporo yisoko kubucuruzi bushaka kwaguka kwisi yose. (https://www.great.gov.uk/) 3. Ingereko z’Ubucuruzi z’Ubwongereza: Ingereko z’Ubucuruzi z’Ubwongereza zihagarariye urusobe runini rw’ibyumba by’ibanze mu Bwongereza, rutanga serivisi zunganira kandi ruhagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi mu nzego z’ibanze, iz'igihugu, ndetse n’amahanga. (https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/) 4. Ikigo cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga: Uru rwego rwabanyamuryango babigize umwuga rutanga uburezi, gahunda zamahugurwa, serivisi zinama, hamwe n amahirwe yo guhuza imiyoboro ijyanye nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kubantu cyangwa amasosiyete agira uruhare mu kohereza cyangwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kuva / mubwongereza. (https://www.export.org.uk/) 5. HM Revenue & Gasutamo (HMRC): Nka ishami rya leta rishinzwe gukusanya imisoro mu Bwongereza, HMRC itanga ubuyobozi bukenewe ku bijyanye na gasutamo ijyanye n'ibikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga hamwe n'ibindi bibazo by'imari. (https://www.govuk 6.Isoko ry’imigabane rya Londres: Ivunjisha rikomeye mu Burayi rifite urubuga rwarwo rwihariye rutanga amakuru ku mabwiriza agenga urutonde ndetse no gutanga serivisi zishyigikiwe zirimo ubufasha bwa tekiniki. (https: //www.lseg.com ). 7.UK Igiciro cyubucuruzi kumurongo: Ikoreshwa na HM Revenue & Gasutamo iyobowe numubitsi wa nyakubahwa; ni icyegeranyo gikomeye cyamabwiriza agenga ibiciro abatumiza mu mahanga n'abasohoka mu mahanga bagomba gukurikiza mugihe bacuruza ibicuruzwa mubwongereza. (https://www.gov.uk/trade-tariff) Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byinshi byo gushyigikira ubucuruzi n’abantu ku giti cyabo bashishikajwe n’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi by’Ubwongereza.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi abaza imbuga za interineti ziboneka mu Bwongereza. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe bakomeye hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Amakuru y’ubucuruzi mu Bwongereza - Uru rubuga rwemewe na HM Revenue & Gasutamo rutanga amakuru arambuye ku mibare y’ubucuruzi bw’Ubwongereza, ibitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’ibiciro by’imisoro. URL: https://www.uktradeinfo.com/ 2. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare ry’igihugu (ONS) - ONS itanga imibare y’ubucuruzi yuzuye harimo ubucuruzi mu bicuruzwa na serivisi, amakuru yohereza mu mahanga n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, ndetse no gusesengura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. URL: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ubucuruziindustryandtrade / mpuzamahanga 3. Ishami rishinzwe ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (DIT) - DIT itanga ibikoresho byubwenge bwisoko no kubona amahirwe yubucuruzi bwisi yose binyuze kumurongo wa "Shakisha ibyohereza hanze". URL: https://www.great.gov.uk/ 4. Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi - Uru rubuga rutanga ibipimo byerekana ubukungu, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, igipimo cy’isoko ry’imigabane, umusaruro wa leta, hamwe n’izindi ngingo zitandukanye z’ubukungu zikubiyemo ubukungu bw’Ubwongereza. URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom 5. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Ububiko bwa WITS butanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga aturuka ahantu hatandukanye. Abakoresha barashobora kubaza amakuru yihariye yo murwego rwigihugu cyangwa ibicuruzwa byo murwego rwUbwongereza. URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/ Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yingirakamaro ku makuru y’ubucuruzi yo mu Bwongereza, ni byiza gusubiramo amasoko menshi kugira ngo amakuru yatanzwe kandi yizewe.

B2b

Mu Bwongereza, hari urubuga rwa B2B rwinshi ruhuza ubucuruzi no koroshya ubucuruzi. Hano hari amwe mumahuriro akomeye ya B2B mubwongereza hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Alibaba.com UK: Nkisoko rya B2B kwisi yose, Alibaba.com itanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwo guhuza, ibicuruzwa, no gushaka abatanga ibicuruzwa hirya no hino. (https://www.alibaba.com/) 2 (https://business.amazon.co.uk/) 3. Thomasnet UK: Thomasnet ni urubuga ruyobora inganda zihuza abaguzi nabatanga ibicuruzwa mumirenge myinshi mubwongereza. Itanga ibicuruzwa biva mubikoresho hamwe nibikoresho bitanga ibikoresho hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye bya sosiyete. (https://www.thomasnet.com/uk/) 4 5. EWorldTrade UK: EWorldTrade ikora nk'isoko rya B2B kumurongo ryorohereza ubucuruzi hagati yubucuruzi bwabongereza nabafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mubikorwa bitandukanye nkimyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imashini, nibindi (https://www.eeworldtrade.uk/) 6.TradeIndiaUK TradeIndia ni urubuga runini rwa interineti ruhuza abahinde bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga / abatanga ibicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga / abaguzi ku isi bishobora gufasha mu nzego nyinshi zo mu Bwongereza. (https://uk.tradeindia.com/) Ni ngombwa kumenya ko uru rutonde rugaragaza gusa amahitamo azwi cyane mu mbuga nyinshi za B2B ziboneka mu Bwongereza zorohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi neza mu gihe dushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.